At Saffron & Rose, salep is used in varying amounts.
|
|
Between classes, students warm their cold fingers around flimsy paper cups filled with steaming salep.
|
|
"Real, quality salep makes a lot of difference," said Ms. Kaya, 50, an assistant professor at Brooklyn College.
|
|
" For foods in Istanbul, her list included "Salep (warm orchid and cinnamon drink)" and "manti (ravioli type thing).
|
|
The addition of mastic and salep, a flour derived from orchids, gives the ice cream a pleasingly stretchy quality.
|
|
Still, homesick Turks dream of real salep, which is something like a cross between hot chocolate and rice pudding.
|
|
She mixes the salep into milk simmering over low heat, stirring until it thickens to the consistency of cake batter.
|
|
Persian ice creams are thicker than American, with a characteristic chewy mouthfeel that comes from using powdered salep (ground orchid root).
|
|
A growing global appetite for another food made from salep, a taffy-like Turkish ice cream, has also added to the strain.
|
|
Versions of salep, which is usually topped with cinnamon and considered to have medicinal properties, can be found across the former Ottoman Empire.
|
|
Along with cream, sugar, and flavorings, proper maraş dondurması is made with salep, the ground-up roots of a wild orchid native to the country.
|
|
Sahlab (also known as salep), is a sparkly white powder ground from the root tubers of the Mediterranean Orchis italica (inexplicably known as "the naked man orchid").
|
|
They make booza with a base of milk and cream, primed with rose water, mastic — a sun-dried sap that brings the chew to chewing gum — and salep, pulverized orchid bulbs.
|
|
Kirshenbaum says he discovered saponins when Yeliz Utku, a Turkish graduate student in his chemistry lab, brought back sumac, salep and soapwort plant (which releases a healthy dose of saponin when boiled).
|
|
"It's unclear how much salep is in any of these products," said Oya Topcuoglu, a lecturer in the Middle East and North African studies program at Northwestern University, speaking of the mixes.
|
|
More and more, salep comes from Greece or Iran and is imported with questionable legality, according to Abdolbaset Ghorbani, a researcher in the department of organismal biology at Uppsala University in Sweden.
|
|
Salep—which comes from an Arabic phrase meaning "fox testicles"—contains a kind of starch that gives dondurma a particularly elastic consistency, allowing people stretch it into giant ropes and even cut it with chainsaws.
|
|
Traditional ice cream in the Middle East and Turkey has a very particular texture, with an elasticity similar to fresh mozzarella, the result of being made with the ground roots of orchids (known as salep or sahlab) and the pounding technique used for freezing it.
|
|
The word "salep" comes from ()."salep." Online Etymology Dictionary. 2008. In the mid 18th century: from French, from Turkish , from (), the name of an orchid (literally ‘fox's testicles’).
|
|
Salep drink Salep, also spelled sahlep or sahlab,(; , ; , ; ; ; , ; , ; Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian and Bosnian: салеп, salep) is a flour made from the tubers of the orchid genus Orchis (including species Orchis mascula and Orchis militaris). These tubers contain a nutritious, starchy polysaccharide called glucomannan. Salep flour is consumed in beverages and desserts, especially in the cuisines of the former Ottoman Empire, notably in the Levant where it is a traditional winter beverage. An increase in consumption is causing local extinctions of orchids in parts of Turkey and Iran.
|
|
The beverage sahlab is now often made with hot milk instead of water. Other desserts are also made from salep flour, including salep pudding and dondurma. The Kahramanmaraş region of Turkey is a major producer of sahlab known as Salepi Maraş. The popularity of sahlab in Turkey has led to a decline in the populations of wild orchids.
|
|
As a result, it is illegal to export true salep. Thus, many instant sahlab mixes are made with artificial flavoring. Salep is also consumed in Greece, and it is usually sold on the streets as a hot beverage during the cold months of the year. It is very popular in many parts of the Middle East, especially the Levant.
|
|
Vanilla fruit drying The dried seed pods of one orchid genus, Vanilla (especially Vanilla planifolia), are commercially important as a flavouring in baking, for perfume manufacture and aromatherapy. The underground tubers of terrestrial orchids [mainly Orchis mascula (early purple orchid)] are ground to a powder and used for cooking, such as in the hot beverage salep or in the Turkish frozen treat dondurma. The name salep has been claimed to come from the Arabic expression ', "fox testicles", but it appears more likely the name comes directly from the Arabic name '. The similarity in appearance to testes naturally accounts for salep being considered an aphrodisiac.
|
|
Orchis militaris contains the nutritious polysaccharide glucomannan, and is one of the original species of orchid whose ground-up roots are used to make the drink salep.
|
|
Two qualities distinguish Turkish ice cream: hard texture and resistance to melting, brought about by inclusion of the thickening agents salep, a flour made from the root of the early purple orchid, and mastic, a resin that imparts chewiness. The Kahramanmaraş region is known for maraş dondurması, a variety which contains distinctly more salep than usual. Tough and sticky, it is sometimes eaten with a knife and fork.
|
|
Glucomannan is a food additive used as an emulsifier and thickener with the E number E425(ii).Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers, Food Standards Agency, 26 November 2010 Glucomannan-rich salep powder is responsible for the unique textural properties of salep dondurma, a mastic-flavored stretchable and chewy ice cream of Turkish origin.Ice Cream That’s a Stretch, Harold McGee, The New York Times. 1 August 2007.
|
|
Glucomannan comprises 40% by dry weight of the roots, or corm, of the konjac plant. Another culinary source is salep, ground from the roots of certain orchids and used in Greek and Turkish cuisine. However, these orchid species are protected in the whole EU and the trade of salep is strictly forbidden. Glucomannan is also a hemicellulose that is present in large amounts in the wood of conifers and in smaller amounts in the wood of dicotyledons.
|
|
Bakdash ice cream shop in the Al-Hamidiyah Souq in Old city of Damascus Booza ( in Arabic: "milk ice cream", also called "Arabic ice cream") is a mastic-based ice cream. It is elastic, sticky, and resistant to melting in the hotter climates of the Arab world, where it is most commonly found. The ice cream is usually and traditionally made with an ingredient called sahlab () or salep, which provides it with the ability to resist melting. Salep is also a primary ingredient in the Turkish version of this style of ice cream called dondurma.
|
|
Bastani sonnati (), or simply bastani (), is an Iranian ice cream made from milk, eggs, sugar, rose water, saffron, vanilla, and pistachios. It is known widely as Persian ice cream. Bastani often contains flakes of frozen clotted cream. Sometimes, salep is included as an ingredient.
|
|
The dried and ground tuber (from various species of Orchis and Anacamptis) can be made into a fine white powder, called salep. This is a very nutritious sweet starchlike substance. It is used in drinks, cereals and in making bread. In Turkey it is used in ice- creams.
|
|
Spanish gelato can be found in many cafés or speciality ice cream stores. While many traditional flavours are sold, cafés may also sell flavours like nata, crema catalana, or tiramisu. Dondurma is the name given to ice cream in Turkey. Dondurma typically includes milk, sugar, salep, and mastic.
|
|
Albanian salep merchant in Ottoman Üsküp (modern Skopje), 1907. The Ancient Romans used ground orchid bulbs to make drinks, which they called by a number of names, especially satyrion and priapiscus. As the names indicate, they likewise considered it to be a powerful aphrodisiac.Dalby, p. 292; Theophrastus, 9.18.
|
|
He was born in Bârlad, Vaslui County, the son of Profira Moțoc and Doctor Cleante Davidoglu. His younger brother was the mathematician Anton Davidoglu. His grandfather was a salep seller, his great-grandfather a sipahi in the Ottoman Army, and his great- great-grandfather a jannisary from around Piatra Neamț.
|
|
A flour called salep or sachlav is made of the ground tubers of this or some other species of orchids. It contains a nutritious starch-like polysaccharide called glucomannan. In some magical traditions, its root is called Adam and Eve Root. It is said that witches used tubers of this orchid in love potions.
|
|
Sugar is added to Turkish coffee while brewing, so the amount of sugar must be specified when preparing the coffee. It may be served unsweetened (), with little or moderate sugar (), or sweet (). Coffee is often served with something small and sweet to eat, such as Turkish delight. It is sometimes flavoured with cardamom, mastic, salep, or ambergris.
|
|
In Morocco, mastic is used in the preparation of smoked foods. In Syria, mastic is added to booza (Syrian ice cream). In Turkey, mastic is widely used in desserts such as Turkish delight and dondurma, in puddings such as sütlaç, salep, tavuk göğsü, mamelika, and in soft drinks. Mastic syrup is added to Turkish coffee on the Aegean coast.
|
|
Rowlandson showing members of the lower orders enjoying saloop, which they are drinking from the saucer. Saloop was a hot drink that was popular in England in the 18th and 19th centuries. Initially, it was made from salep, mostly from Smyrna. Later, the roots and leaves of the North American sassafras tree were the key ingredient.
|
|
Turkish ice cream in Japan Dondurma (or Maraş ice cream) is a Turkish mastic ice cream. It is similar to the Syrian dessert booza. Dondurma typically includes the ingredients cream, whipped cream, salep (ground-up tuber of an orchid), mastic (plant resin), and sugar. It is believed to originate from the city and region of Maraş and hence also known as Maraş ice cream.
|
|
Kahramanmaraş () is a city in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey and the administrative center of Kahramanmaraş Province. Before 1973, Kahramanmaraş was named Maraş. The city lies on a plain at the foot of the Ahir Dağı (Ahir Mountain) and has a population of 1,112,634 as of 2017. The region is best known for its distinctive ice cream, and its production of salep, a powder made from dried orchid tubers.
|
|
The root of the cuckoo-pint, when roasted well, is edible and when ground was once traded under the name of Portland sago. It was used like salep (orchid flour) to make saloop — a drink popular before the introduction of tea or coffee. It was also used as a substitute for arrowroot. If prepared incorrectly, it can be highly toxic, so should be prepared with due diligence and caution.
|
|
A man purchasing dondurma from a street vendor in Turkey Dondurma (in Turkish: Maraş dondurması, meaning "the ice cream of the city of Maraş", also called Dövme dondurma, meaning "battered ice cream") is a Turkish mastic ice cream. It is similar to the Syrian dessert booza. Dondurma typically includes the ingredients cream, whipped cream, salep, mastic, and sugar. It is believed to originate from the city and region of Maraş and hence also known as Maraş ice cream.
|
|
Film credits includes musical score, editing, screenwriting, and production. His first full short, Adam Funn, completed in late 2009, was a finalist in the 2nd Annual Openfilm "Get It Made" Competition. The Montana Actor's Theater produced his first stage play Salep & Silk in the fall of 2010 in conjunction with the Silk Road restaurant and the Crystal Theater in Missoula, Montana. In 2012 his dark comedy, Ringing Out, a post-apocalyptic Christmas play, was produced in the Crystal Theater.
|
|
The region is best known for its production of salep, a flour made from dried orchid tubers. In late 638, the Muslim army laid the siege to the city which contained a Byzantine garrison. Expecting no help from their Emperor, the Byzantine garrison surrendered the city on the usual terms of Jizya offered by the Rashidun army, which included terms stating that the garrison and the populace be spared. As for material wealth, the Muslims could take all they wished.
|
|
Saiidi tea is extremely heavy, with 2 teaspoonfuls per cup being the norm. It is sweetened with copious amounts of cane sugar (a necessity since the formula and method yield a very bitter tea). Saiidi tea is often black even in liquid form. Besides true tea, herbal teas (or tisanes) are often served at the Egyptian teahouses, with ingredients ranging from mint to cinnamon and ginger to salep; many of these are ascribed medicinal qualities or health benefits in Egyptian folk medicine.
|
|
Its consumption spread beyond there to England and Germany before the rise of coffee and tea and it was later offered as an alternative beverage in coffee houses. In England, the drink was known as saloop. Popular in the 17th and 18th centuries in England, its preparation required that the salep powder be added to water until thickened whereupon it would be sweetened, then flavored with orange flower or rose water. Substitution of British orchid roots, known as "dogstones", was acceptable in the 18th century for the original Turkish variants.
|
|
In some places in Turkey it is customary to treat the ice cream as a Shawarma and cut servings with a butcher knife. As of 2010, the average rate of consumption in Turkey was 2.8 liters of ice cream per person per year (compared to the United States at 14.2 liters per person and world consumption leader Australia at 17.9 liters in 2010). Some Turks believe that cold foods, such as ice cream, will cause illnesses – such as sore throats and the common cold; it is held that consumption of warm liquid while consuming ice cream will counteract these effects. The popularity of salepli dondurma has caused a decline of wild orchids in the region and led to a ban on exports of salep.
|
|
The German blazon reads: Schild gespalten, vorne in Schwarz ein silberner, goldgekrönter, -bewehrter und gezungter Löwe, hinten in Silber eine Orchidee Salep-Orchis (Orchis morio) mit grünen Wurzelknollen, grünem Stengel und sechs roten Blüten. The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Per pale sable a lion rampant sinister argent armed, langued and crowned Or and argent a green-winged orchid vert flowered of six gules. The charge on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side, the lion, refers to the Lordship of Wartenstein, an Electoral-Trier fief to the House of Warsberg. The other charge, on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side, the green-winged orchid, enjoys conservational protection within a glade that lies within Hennweiler's limits.
|
|
Within these regions, various methods emerged in which colors were made to float on the surface of a bath of viscous liquid mucilage or size, made from various plants. These include katheera or kitre- gum tragacanth (Astragalus often used as a binder by apothecaries in making tablets), shambalîleh or methi- fenugreek seed (an ingredient in curry mixtures), and sahlab or salep (the roots of "Orchis mascula", which is commonly used to make a popular beverage). A pair of leaves bearing rudimentary drop-motifs are considered among the earliest examples of this paper, held in the Kronos Collection. One of the sheets bears an accession notation on the reverse stating "These abris are rare" (یاد داشت این ابریهای نادره است) and adds that it was "among the gifts from Iran" to the royal library of Ghiyath Shah, the ruler of the Malwa Sultanate, dated Hijri year 1 Dhu al-Hijjah 901/11 August 1496 of the Common Era.
|
|