62 Sentences With "prodrome" | Random Sentence Generator

"It is also important to acknowledge that dementia and its prodrome has a huge impact on marriage, leading to transition and loss," they wrote.

Acute radiation syndrome occurs when whole-body gamma radiation reaches 2 Gy. It can be divided into four phases: prodrome, latent phase, illness phase, and recovery.

Here are the phases of a migraine and what fun you might experience with each: A few days before (prodrome phase): During this phase, the Mayo Clinic explains, you might start to feel subtle signs that things aren't quite right.

The large format Prodrome PD6B-AW-ARM has a maximum payload of 20 kilograms, or 44 pounds, and a pair of 5-axis robotic arms, equipped with a variety of motions and tilts that can lift up to 10 kilograms, or about 22 pounds.

Prodrome precedes development of lesions. Prodromal symptoms include tingling (paresthesia), itching, and pain where lumbosacral nerves innervate the skin. Prodrome may occur as long as several days or as short as a few hours before lesions develop. Beginning antiviral treatment when prodrome is experienced can reduce the appearance and duration of lesions in some individuals.

Sleep disturbances in bipolar disorder are also an important marker for relapse. Multiple studies found evidence, that sleep disturbances contribute to relapse. Sleep disturbances are the most common prodrome of a manic episode and the sixth most common prodrome of a depressive episode.

A prodrome can be the early precursor to an episode of a chronic neurological disorder such as a migraine headache or an epileptic seizure, where prodrome symptoms may include euphoria or other changes in mood, insomnia, abdominal sensations, disorientation, aphasia, or photosensitivity. Such a prodrome occurs on a scale of days to an hour before the episode, where an aura occurs more immediate to it. Prodromal labour, mistakenly called "false labour," refers to the early signs before labour starts.

Symptoms consistent with the prodrome to BD can be identified through semi-structured interviews such as The Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Interview and Scale-Prospective (BPSS-P), and the Semi- structured Interview for Mood Swings and symptom checklists like the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D).

The occurrence of chronic recurrent episodes may be due to underlying Sjogren's syndrome or ductal abnormalities. Prodrome of tingling in the gland preceding pain and swelling may be reported in such cases.

The reported duration of the prodrome to BD varies widely (mean = 27.1 +/- 23 months); for most people, evidence suggests that the prodromal phase is likely to be long enough to allow for intervention.

The prodrome is a period during which an individual experiences some symptoms and/or a change in functioning, which can signal the impending onset of a mental health disorder. It is otherwise known as the prodromal phase when referring to the subsyndromal stage or the early abnormalities in behavior, mood, and/or cognition before illness onset. Early detection of the prodrome can create an opportunity to administer appropriate early interventions quickly to try to delay or decrease the intensity of subsequent symptoms.

Screening instruments include the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms and the PROD-screen. Signs and symptoms of the prodrome to schizophrenia can be assessed more fully using structured interviews. For example, the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, and the Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States (CAARMS) are both valid and reliable methods for identifying individuals likely experiencing the prodrome to schizophrenia or related psychotic-spectrum disorders. There are ongoing research efforts to develop tools for early detection of at-risk individuals.

Some persons experience euphoria in the prodrome – hours to days before the onset – of a migraine headache. [emphasis added] [emphasis added] [emphasis added] Similarly, a euphoric state occurs in some persons following the migraine episode.

In medicine, a prodrome is an early sign or symptom (or set of signs and symptoms) that often indicates the onset of a disease before more diagnostically specific signs and symptoms develop. It is derived from the Greek word prodromos, meaning "running before". Prodromes may be non-specific symptoms or, in a few instances, may clearly indicate a particular disease, such as the prodromal migraine aura. For example, fever, malaise, headache and lack of appetite frequently occur in the prodrome of many infective disorders.

There is also growing evidence that there is a prodromal phase before the onset of bipolar disorder (BD). Although a majority of individuals with bipolar disorder report experiencing some symptoms preceding the full onset of their illness, the prodrome to BD has not yet been described systematically. Descriptive reports of bipolar prodrome symptoms vary and often focus on nonspecific symptoms of psychopathology, making identification of the prodromal phase difficult. The most commonly observed symptoms are too much energy, elated or depressed mood, and alterations in sleep patterns.

Basic symptoms are more specific to identifying people who exhibit signs of prodromal psychosis (prodrome) and are more likely to develop schizophrenia over other disorders related to psychosis. Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder, but is not synonymous with psychosis. In the prodrome to psychosis, uncharacteristic basic symptoms develop first, followed by more characteristic basic symptoms and brief and self-limited psychotic-like symptoms, and finally the onset of psychosis. People who were assessed to be high risk according to the basic symptoms criteria have a 48.5% likelihood of progressing to psychosis.

Premlinary findings for two new measures of social and role functioning in the prodromal phase of schizphrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33(3):688-702Auther, A.M., Gillett, D.A. & Cornblatt, B.A. (2008). Expanding the boundaries of early intervention for psychosis: Intervening during the prodrome.

Patients commonly present with acute unilateral painless decreased vision and photopsias. Presentations like central or paracentral scotoma, Floaters and dyschromatopsia are less common. An antecedent viral prodrome occurs in approximately one-third of cases. Myopia is commonly seen in patients.

Describing the schizophrenia prodrome has been useful in promoting early intervention. Although not all people who are experiencing symptoms consistent with the prodrome will develop schizophrenia, randomized controlled trials suggest that intervening with medication and/or psychotherapy can improve outcomes. Interventions with evidence of efficacy include antipsychotic and antidepressant medications, which can delay conversion to psychosis and improve symptoms, although prolonged exposure to antipsychotics has been associated with adverse effects including Tardive dyskinesia, an irreversible neurological motor disorder. Psychotherapy for individuals and families can also improve functioning and symptomatology; specifically cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps improve coping strategies to decrease positive psychosis symptoms.

Impaired attention, genetics, and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20(1):31-46Cornblatt, B.A., Lencz, T., Smith, C.W., Correll, C.U., Auther, A.M., Nakayama, E. (2003). The schizophrenia prodrome revisited: A neurodevelopmental perspective. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 29(4):633-651Cornblatt, B.A & Auther, A.M. (2005).

Inuloides is a genus of African plants in the pot marigold tribe within the daisy family.Nordenstam, Rune Bertil. 2006. Compositae Newsletter 44: 44-45The International Plant Names IndexNordenstam, Rune Bertil. 2006. Complements au Prodrome de la Flore Corse 44: 44-45Tropicos, Inuloides B. Nord.

Fayod mastered French, German and Italian and produced scientific papers in all three languages. A bibliography of his work can be found at the end of the Swiss Academy of Natural Sciences reference. He recognized the influence of Darwinism on botany and devised a new classification of the gilled fungi, based for the first time on microscopic features such as basidia, cystidia and spores. He presented this classification in his most important work, "Prodrome d'une histoire naturelle des agaricinées" ("Prodrome of a Natural History of the Agarics"), in which he proposed some new generic designations which are still in use today: Agrocybe, Cystoderma, Delicatula, Omphalotus, Pholiotina, and Schinzinia.

Nephrotheca is a genus of plants in the calendula tribe within the sunflower family.Nordenstam, Rune Bertil & Källersjö, Mari. 2006. Complements au Prodrome de la Flore Corse, Compositae Newsletter 44: 33Tropicos, Nephrotheca B. Nord. & Källersjö ;Species The only known species is Nephrotheca ilicifolia, native to Cape Province in South Africa.

Eosinophilic pneumonia due to parasitic infections has a similar prodrome in addition to a host of different symptoms related to the variety of underlying parasites. Eosinophilic pneumonia in the setting of cancer often develops in the context of a known diagnosis of lung cancer, cervical cancer, or other certain types of cancer.

Baculites ("walking stick rock") is an extinct genus of cephalopods with a nearly straight shell, included in the heteromorph ammonites. The genus, which lived worldwide throughout most of the Late Cretaceous, was named by Lamarck in 1799.Lamarck, J. P. B. A. de M. de (1799): Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles. Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.Paris, (1799), 63-90.

There are no prospective studies of the prodrome to bipolar disorder, but in the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study, which followed youth with elevated symptoms of mania for ten years. Approximately 23% of the sample met BD criteria at the baseline and 13% of which did not meet the criteria for BD at baseline eventually were diagnosed with BD.

The first major attempt to define and subdivide the group was by Palisot de BeauvoisPalisot de Beauvois (1805): Prodrome des cinquième et sixième familles de l'Æthéogamie, les mousses, les lycopodes. in 1803-1805. He established the genus Selaginella as a monotypic genus, and placed the bulk of species in Stachygynandrum. Gymnogynum was another monotypic genus, but that name is superseded by his own earlier name of Didiclis.

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic functional condition of unknown pathogenesis. CVS is characterized as recurring episodes lasting a single day to multiple weeks. Each episode is divided into four phases: inter-episodic, prodrome, vomiting, and recovery. Inter-episodic phase (symptom free phase), is characterized as no discernible symptoms, normal everyday activities can occur, and this phase typically lasts one week to one month.

Treating early psychosis: Who, what, and when? Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 7(1):39-49Cornblatt, B.A., Lencz, T., Smith, C.W., Olsen, R., Auther, A.M., Nakayama, E., et al. (2007). Can antidepressants be used to treat the schizophrenia prodrome? Results of a prospective, naturalistic treatment study of adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68(4):546-557Cornblatt, B.A, Auther, A.M., Niendam, T., Smith, C.W., Zinberg, J., Bearden, C.E., Cannon, T.D. (2007).

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is an uncommon inflammatory condition of the retina that typically affects otherwise healthy young females in the second to fourth decades of life. The typical patient with MEWDS is a healthy middle aged female age 15-50. There is a gender disparity as women are affected with MEWDS four times more often than men. Roughly 30% of patients have experienced an associated viral prodrome.

The diagnosis of abdominal migraine is controversial. Some evidence indicates that recurrent episodes of abdominal pain in the absence of a headache may be a type of migraine or are at least a precursor to migraines. These episodes of pain may or may not follow a migraine-like prodrome and typically last minutes to hours. They often occur in those with either a personal or family history of typical migraine.

A later form of the disease occurred in patients who survived for 8–10 days (variolosa pustula hemorrhagica). The prodrome is severe, similarly to early hemorrhagic smallpox, and continues even after the rash begins, like in flat smallpox. The fever remained elevated throughout the disease course. The hemorrhages appeared in the early eruptive period, and the rash was often flat and did not progress beyond the vesicular stage.

Symptoms typically appear gradually over 5 to 20 minutes and generally last less than 60 minutes, leading to the headache in classic migraine with aura, or resolving without consequence in acephalgic migraine. Many migraine sufferers change from scintillating scotoma as a prodrome to migraine to scintillating scotoma without migraine. Typically the scotoma resolves spontaneously within the stated time frame, leaving no subsequent symptoms, though some report fatigue, nausea, and dizziness as sequelae.

In the early, or fulminating form (purpura variolosa), the prodrome occurred with fulminating severity, with severe headache, backache and high fever. A bright erythema soon appears, spreading across the body, becoming dusky and "lobster-like". Hemorrhaging appeared soon after as sub-conjunctival bleeding turned the whites of the eyes deep red. Early-onset hemorrhagic smallpox also produced petechiae, and hemorrhages in the spleen, kidney, serosa, muscle, and, rarely, the epicardium, liver, testes, ovaries and bladder.

Sleep disturbances are also very often also a prodrome for the onset of a manic, hypomanic or depressive episode. Current Research on circadian and sleep-wake processes showed that they play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of a bipolar disorder. Previous studies showed, that the circadian system can modulate the current mood state with positive affect. When being challenged on the other hand, it can also have negative consequences on the mood.

TEN ultimately results in extensive skin involvement with redness, necrosis, and detachment of the top (epidermal) layer of the skin and mucosa. Before these severe findings develop, people often have a flu-like prodrome, with a cough, runny nose, fever, decreased appetite and malaise. A history of drug exposure exists on average 14 days (ranging from 1–4 weeks) prior to the onset of symptoms, but may result as early as 48 hours if it is a reexposure.

Hippolyte Hanry (15 April 1807, Casale Monferrato, Italy - 1893) was a French botanical collector and taxonomist. From 1831 onward, he served as justice of the peace in Le Luc, a town in the department of Var. As a botanist, he collected plants in the vicinity of Le Luc.SOCIÉTÉ BOTANIQUE DE FRANCE biographical information He was the author of the botanical section of the 1853 "Prodrome d'histoire naturelle du département du Var" (Prodomus on the natural history of Var).

View of the village Achlada (pop.: 119 inhabitants in 2001) is a village in the Cretan municipality of Malevizi, and belongs to the municipal unit of Gazi, in Heraklion regional unit. The inhabitants are shepherds and farmers who cultivate mostly fruits and vegetables in the surrounding hills and landscape, which are few kilometres from the sea shore. In the village is the church of Saint John the Prodrome and Saint Triphon with a wooden carved iconostasis.

Albert OppelThe concept of a biozone was first established by the 19th century paleontologist Albert Oppel, who characterized rock strata by the species of the fossilized animals found in them, which he called zone fossils. Oppel's biozonation was mainly based on Jurassic ammonites he found throughout Europe, which he used to classify the period into 33 zones (now 60). Alcide d'Orbigny would further reinforce the concept in his Prodrome de Paléontologie Stratigraphique, in which he established comparisons between geological stages and their biostratigraphy.

The prodrome phase is known as the pre-emetic phase, characterized by the initial feeling an approaching episode, still able to keep down oral medication. Emetic or vomiting phase is characterized as intense persistent nausea, and repeated vomiting typically lasting hours to days. Recovery phase is typically the phase where vomiting ceases, nausea diminishes or is absent, and appetite returns. This syndrome is most commonly seen in children usually between ages 3 and 7, however adult diagnosis is quite common.

The common name of Keithia blight or Keithia leaf blight was derived from the first generic designation for the fungus and remained in use for many years. Pier Andrea Saccardo erected the genus Keithia in 1892 for this fungus,Saccardo PA, 1892. Sylloge Fungorum, 10: 49-50. and in 1903 the genus Didymascella for the same fungus was published as new, twice in the same month.2Maire R, Dumee P, Lutz L, 1901. Prodrome d’une flore mycologique de la Corse.

As positive symptoms become more severe, in combination with negative symptoms that may have begun earlier, the individual may meet the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. Although a majority of individuals who experience some of the symptoms of schizophrenia will never meet full diagnostic criteria, approximately 20–40% will eventually be diagnosed with schizophrenia. One of the challenges of identifying and treating the prodrome is that it is difficult to predict who, among those with symptoms, are likely to meet full criteria later.

The next step came with the development of the EPPIC early detection service in Melbourne, Australia in 1996 and the prodrome clinic led by Alison Yung. This service was an inspiration to other services, such as the West Midlands IRIS group, including the carer charity Rethink Mental Illness; the TIPS early detection randomised control trial in Norway; and the Danish OPUS trial. In 2001, the United Kingdom Department of Health called the development of early psychosis teams "a priority".Department of Health.

A medical history, physical examination, and electrocardiogram (ECG) are the most effective ways to determine the underlying cause. The ECG is useful to detect an abnormal heart rhythm, poor blood flow to the heart muscle and other electrical issues, such as long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome. Heart related causes also often have little history of a prodrome. Low blood pressure and a fast heart rate after the event may indicate blood loss or dehydration, while low blood oxygen levels may be seen following the event in those with pulmonary embolism.

A medical history, physical examination, and electrocardiogram (ECG) are the most effective ways to determine the underlying cause of syncope. Guidelines from the American College of Emergency Physicians and American Heart Association recommend a syncope workup include a thorough medical history, physical exam with orthostatic vitals, and a 12-lead ECG. The ECG is useful to detect an abnormal heart rhythm, poor blood flow to the heart muscle and other electrical issues, such as long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome. Heart related causes also often have little history of a prodrome.

Acute viral hepatitis follows three distinct phases: # The initial prodromal phase (preceding symptoms) involves non-specific and flu- like symptoms common to many acute viral infections. These include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, joint pain, and headaches. Fever, when present, is most common in cases of hepatitis A and E. Late in this phase, people can experience liver-specific symptoms, including choluria (dark urine) and clay-colored stools. # Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes follow the prodrome after about 1–2 weeks and can last for up to 4 weeks.

Alcoholic polyneuropathy usually has a gradual onset over months or even years although axonal degeneration often begins before an individual experiences any symptoms. An early warning sign (prodrome) of the possibility of developing alcoholic polyneuropathy, especially in a chronic alcoholic, would be weight loss because this usually signifies a nutritional deficiency that can lead to the development of the disease. The disease typically involves sensory and motor loss, as well as painful physical perceptions (paresthesias), though all sensory modalities may be involved. Symptoms that affect the sensory and motor systems seem to develop symmetrically.

Eugene Eudes-Deslongchamp (1830–1889) Eugène Eudes-Deslongchamps (10 March 1830 – 21 December 1889) was a French paleontologist and naturalist born in Caen, the son of paleontologist Jacques Amand Eudes-Deslongchamps (1794–1867). He died at Château Matthieu, Calvados. Around 1856 he succeeded his father as professor of zoology at the faculty of sciences at the University of Caen, later becoming a professor of geology and dean (1861). After the death of his father in 1867, he devoted himself to the completion of a memoir on the teleosaurs, the joint labours being embodied in his Prodrome des Téléosauriens du Calvados.

Understanding the symptoms, when they occur and ways to control them using appropriate medications and psychotherapy has given many people diagnosed with bipolar disorder a chance at a better life. Prodrome symptom detection has been shown to be used effectively to anticipate onset of manic episodes and requires high degree of understanding of one's illness. Because the offset of the symptoms is often gradual, recognizing even subtle mood changes and activity levels is important in avoiding a relapse. Maintaining a mood chart is a specific method used by patients and doctors to identify mood, environmental and activity triggers.

Patient was hospitalized in October 1993 with sepsis, acute kidney injury, acute rhabdomyolysis, and suspected disseminated intravascular coagulation: an overactivity of clotting proteins that can lead to eventual hemorrhage as the proteins are degraded. Self-reported history of illness included a four day prodrome of fever, malaise, vomiting, muscle aches, chills, and abdominal pain. By the third day of illness, the patient's fever had reached , blood pressure acutely narrow and hypotensive (74/50 mmHg), elevated breathing rate (24 breaths/min), and exhibited abnormal hematological and chemical profiles. Patient went on to develop acute kidney failure along with pulmonary edema, alveolar edema with small pleural effusions, and resulting severe hypoxia.

Meanwhile, invertebrate animals engaged his attention. In 1837, he issued the "Prodrome" of a monograph on the recent and fossil Echinodermata, the first part of which appeared in 1838; in 1839–40, he published two quarto volumes on the fossil echinoderms of Switzerland; and in 1840–45, he issued his Études critiques sur les mollusques fossiles (Critical Studies on Fossil Mollusks). Before Agassiz's first visit to England in 1834, Hugh Miller and other geologists had brought to light the remarkable fossil fish of the Old Red Sandstone of the northeast of Scotland. The strange forms of Pterichthys, Coccosteus and other genera were then made known to geologists for the first time.

In particular, Rado postulated that schizotypes, or individuals with the schizophrenic phenotype, have two key genetic deficits, one related to the ability to feel pleasure (anhedonia) and one related to proprioception. In 1962 Meehl furthered Rado's theory through the introduction of the concept of schizotaxia, a genetically-driven neural integrative defect thought to give rise to the personality type of schizotypy. Loren and Jean Chapman further distinguished between two types of anhedonia: physical anhedonia, or a deficit in the ability to experience physical pleasure, and social, or a deficit in the ability to experience interpersonal pleasure. Recent research suggests that social anhedonia may represent a prodrome of psychotic disorders.

On the shore of Rio Magdalen. Image from Voyages pittoresque dans les deux Amériques In 1840, d'Orbigny started the methodical description of French fossils and published La Paléontologie Française (8 vols). In 1849 he published a closely related Prodrome de Paléontologie Stratigraphique, intended as a "Preface to Stratigraphic Palaeontology", in which he described almost 18,000 species, and with biostratigraphical comparisons erected geological stages, the definitions of which rest on their stratotypes. In 1853 he became professor of palaeontology at the Paris Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, publishing his Cours élémentaire that related paleontology to zoology, as a science independent of the uses made of it in stratigraphy.

Treatment for cyclic vomiting syndrome depends on the evident phase of the disorder. Because the symptoms of CVS are similar (or perhaps identical) to those of the disease well-identified as "abdominal migraine," prophylactic migraine medications, such as topiramate and amitriptyline, have seen recent success in treatment for the prodrome, and vomiting, phases, reducing the duration, severity, and frequency of episodes. Therapeutic treatment for the prodromal phase, characterized by the anticipation of an episode, consists of sumatriptan (nasal or oral) an anti-migraine medication, anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce abdominal pain, and possible anti-emetic drugs. These options may be helpful in preventing an episode or reducing the severity of an attack.

Timeliness of diagnosis is important not only in expediting treatment of infected persons, but also in preventing further LCMV transmission to other workers and animals. Clinical diagnosis of LCM can be made by the history of prodrome symptoms and by considering the period of time before the onset of meningitis symptoms, typically 15–21 days for LCM. Pathological diagnosis of congenital infection is performed using either an immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test or an enzyme immunoassay to detect specific antibody in blood or cerebrospinal fluid. A PCR assay has been recently developed which may be used in the future for prenatal diagnosis; however, the virus is not always present in the blood or CSF when the affected child is born.

If a second radiological event appears without clinical consequences, the clinical situation is named "Silent MS" (Okuda criteria). Anyway, it is reported that all MS cases have an active subclinical phase before the CIS It has been noted that some aspects of the MS underlying condition are present in otherwise healthy MS patients' relatives, suggesting a wider scope for the "silent MS" term. In these cases Interleukin-8 is a risk for clinical conversion. It has also been proposed that always exists a subclinical phase in the beginning of every MS case, during which the permeability of the BBB can be used for diagnosis It is also under investigation whether MS has a prodrome, i.e.

Once the bacteria colonizes, diarrhea followed by bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, typically follows. STEC-HUS is usually preceded by a prodrome of diarrhea, which is often bloody, and is caused by Shiga-like toxin-producing bacteria such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), of which E. coli O157:H7 is the most common serotype. Other serotypes also cause disease and can emerge as new causes of STEC-HUS, as occurred with E. coli O104:H4, which triggered a 2011 epidemic of STEC-HUS in Germany. The typical pathophysiology of HUS involves the binding of Shiga-toxin to the globotriaosylceramide (Gb3; also called ceramide trihexoside which accumulates in Fabry disease) receptor on the surface of the glomerular endothelium.

Cornblatt received an MBA degree in Industrial Psychology at Baruch College, City University of New York in 1977 and a Ph.D in Experimental Psychology from New School University in 1978. Cornblatt's research program, including projects focusing on cognitive behavioral social skills training for youth at risk of psychosis, predictors and mechanisms of conversion to psychosis, and characterization of prodromal schizophrenia, has been funded by the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health. She worked on North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-1), a large multisite longitudinal study focusing on the earliest stages of psychotic illness, with prominent clinical psychologists and psychiatrists including Tyrone Cannon, Elaine F. Walker, and Thomas McGlashan.

This covered the whole of the animal kingdom and shows the relations between genera as then distinguished, but not among species. In 1832, Gabriel Bibron (1806–1848), who became his assistant, was given the task of describing the species for an expanded version of Zoologie analytique, while Nicolaus Michael Oppel (1782–1820) assisted him with a revised higher-order systematics. After the death of Bibron, he was replaced by Auguste Duméril, André's son. However, Bibron's death delayed the publication of the new work for 10 years. In 1851, the two Dumérils, father and son, published the Catalogue méthodique de la collection des reptiles (although Auguste was apparently the true author) and in 1853, André Duméril alone published Prodrome de la classification des reptiles ophidiens.

The RAP Program was founded by its Director, Dr. Barbara A. Cornblatt, in 1998 and was one of the first programs in North America to investigate and treat the prodromal or pre-psychotic phases of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Since its inception, over 250 adolescents and young adults, ages 12–22, have participated in the RAP clinic and research program. RAP is funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the National Institute of Mental Health, and is part of the North American Prodromal Longitudinal Study (NAPLS), a consortium of eight prodromal programs which constitutes one of the leading investigations of the biological, behavioral and functional attributes of the psychosis prodrome worldwide.Cannon, T.D., Cadenhead, K., Cornblatt, B., Woods, S.W., Addington, J., Walker, E., Seidman, L.J., Perkins, D., Tsuang, M., McGlashan, T., & Heinssen, R. (2008).

Pharmacological data is consistent with dysfunction of dopamine in bipolar as some studies have reported hypersensitivity to stimulants (however, some studies have found that stimulants effectively attenuate manic behavior, and co-morbid ADHD and bipolar are effectively treated with stimulants), and the mechanism of antimanic drugs may involve attenuating dopamine signalling. Hypersensitivity of reward systems is consistent across mood states in bipolar, and is evident in the prodrome. Increases in goal directed behavior, risk taking, positive emotions in response to reward, ambitious goal setting and inflexibility in goal directed behaviors are present in euthymia. Neuroimaging studies are consistent with trait hypersensitivity in reward systems, as both mania and depression is associated with elevated resting activity in the striatum, and elevated activity in the striatum and OFC during emotional processing, receipt of reward, and anticipation of reward.

A prodromus ('forerunner' or 'precursor') aka prodrome is a term used in the natural sciences to describe a preliminary publication intended as the basis for a later, more comprehensive work. It is also a medical term used for a premonitory symptom, that is, a symptom indicating the onset of a disease.Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, published 1913 by C. & G. Merriam Co.Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers (2007, Saunders) The origin of the word is from the 19th century: via French from New Latin prodromus, from Greek prodromos forerunner. Nicolas Steno's De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus, one of the early treatises attempting to explain the occurrence of fossils in solid rock. Ludovico Marracci's Latin translation from the Arabic Qur’an was published in 1698. His ‘Introduction’ (Prodromus) had been published seven years earlier.Alastair Hamilton, After Marracci: The Reception of Ludovico Marracci’s Edition of The Qur’an in Northern Europe from the Late 17thC to the Early 19thC, The Warburg Institute Other notable prodromi include Prodromus Entomology, Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis.