131 Sentences With "phytogeography" | Random Sentence Generator

An 1814 self-portrait in Paris of Alexander von Humboldt. Humboldt is often referred to as the "father of phytogeography". Phytogeography has a long history. One of the subjects earliest proponents was Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, who is often referred to as the "father of phytogeography".

These patterns termed ecogeographical rules when applied to plants represent another area of phytogeography.

47, No. 1226. pp. 626–628 The American ecologist H. A. Gleason praised the hypothesis for being testable in the field of phytogeography but came to the conclusion that it could not account for migration data.H. A. Gleason. (1924). Age and Area from the Viewpoint of Phytogeography.

Another phytogeography system uses two California chaparral and woodlands subdivisions: the cismontane chaparral and the transmontane (desert) chaparral.

Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1-130.

For more botanically oriented classifications using phytogeography, the scheme's documentation endorses the use of floristic kingdoms, floristic regions, and floristic provinces, as classified by Armen Takhtajan.

In total more than 1800 plant species have been recorded.Panitsa, M. & E. Iliadou 2013: FLORA AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHY OF THE IONIAN ISLANDS (Greece). 2nd Botanical Conference in Menorca.

Paleogeography and historical phytogeography (paleochorology) in the Neophyticum. Plant Systematics and Evolution 162(1–4): 5–61. Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.

Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1-130.

The park marks end of subtropical climate (Cfa), being the most southern place near the east coast of Florida for tropical monsoon climate (Am), being important in phytogeography.

Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1-130. Cananga odorata var.

The pollen of G. curtisii is shed as permanent tetrads.Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1-130.

Noosa Biosphere Reserve is located in the Macpherson-Macleay overlap, where tropical and temperate zones overlap.Burbidge, N. T. 1960. The phytogeography of the Australian region. Australian Journal of Botany 8: 75–211.

Annona jamaicensis is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Jamaica. Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae.

The olfactory component of floral display in Asimina and Deeringothamnus (Annonaceae). New Phytologist 183 457-69. Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae.

It reaches 15 to 20 meters tall. Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1-130.

Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1-130. The fruits are dark green and prickly.

Adalbert Carl Friedrich Hellwig Conrad Schnizlein (15 April 1814, Feuchtwangen - 24 October 1868, Erlangen) was a German botanist and pharmacist. He is largely remembered for his work in the fields of plant taxonomy and phytogeography.

Otto Huber (born 1944 in Bischofswiesen, Bavaria, Germany) is an Italian ecologist known for his work on the botany, phytogeography and conservation of the neotropics.Huber, Otto (1944-). JSTOR Plant Science. Schwarz, A. (24 January 2012).

Charles Henri Marie Flahault (3 October 1852 – 3 February 1935) was a French botanist, among the early pioneers of phytogeography, phytosociology, and forest ecology. The word relevé for a plant community sample is his invention.

Yevgeniya Nikolayevna Sinskaya (1889-1965) was a Russian botanist noted for her research in plant taxonomy, phytogeography, species formation, and genetics. She was head of the Taxonomy, Ecology and Geography Division at the Institute of Plant Industry.

They are also a food source of the paca. Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1-130.

Phytogeography (from Greek φυτόν, phytón = "plant" and γεωγραφία, geographía = "geography" meaning also distribution) or botanical geography is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth's surface. Phytogeography is concerned with all aspects of plant distribution, from the controls on the distribution of individual species ranges (at both large and small scales, see species distribution) to the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras. Geobotany, by contrast, focuses on the geographic space's influence on plants.

A phytochorion, in phytogeography, is a geographic area with a relatively uniform composition of plant species. Adjacent phytochoria do not usually have a sharp boundary, but rather a soft one, a transitional area in which many species from both regions overlap. The region of overlap is called a vegetation tension zone. In traditional schemes, areas in phytogeography are classified hierarchically, according to the presence of endemic families, genera or species, e.g., in floral (or floristic, phytogeographic) zones and regions, or also in kingdoms, regions and provinces,Braun-Blanquet, J. (1932).

Gereau has specialised in the Floristics and phytogeography of eastern Africa, he is also engaged in collaborative studies between ethnobotany and archeology. Gereau is noted for his contributions to the study of the Ancistrocladaceae, Mimosaceae and Sapindales of Africa.

He was the manager of the Botanical Garden in Bergen, and the Botanical Garden and Museum in Oslo. His professional fields were phytomorphology, phytosociology and phytogeography. He was also known to draw from humanist subjects such as philology, ethnology and history.

Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1–130. The fruits vary in shape, heart-shaped, spherical, oblong or irregular. The size ranges from to , depending on the cultivar.

Although de Candolle's main focus was botany, throughout his career he also dabbled in fields related to botany, such as phytogeography, agronomy, paleontology, medical botany, and economic botany. In 1827 he was elected an associated member of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands.

The forests of Bladen Nature Reserve are evergreen in the valleys and on the lower slopes, semi-evergreen (25-50% deciduous trees) on the upper slopes, and semi-deciduous (5-75% deciduous trees) on the ridge. Forest stature decreases with increasing elevation from the valleys to the ridges, with a corresponding decrease in the density of large trees. This largely reflects edaphic drought associated with rapid drainage on the steep limestone topography. Recent studies of phytogeography have demonstrated a significant affinity between the flora of the Greater Antilles and the upper limestone ridges of the Bladen Nature Reserve, indicating a far more complex regional phytogeography than previously suspected.

He was born in London in 1875. He studied Science at Liverpool University and specialised in Botany. He started working as a Demonstrator during Botany lectures in 1900 and began lecturing in Phytogeography in 1905. He gained an MSc in 1908 and a doctorate (DSc) in 1912.

The Zamiaceae in Panama with comments on phytogeography and species relationships. Brittonia 45(1): 1–16. Zamia pseudoparasitica is the only known species of Zamia that is epiphytic, growing on the branches of forest trees. It has a very short trunk but long leaves over 3 m long.

In phytogeography, concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species, floristic provinces are used. The Sierra Nevada are primarily within the California Floristic Province, with the Rocky Mountain Floristic Province to the north, the Great Basin Floristic Province to the east, and Sonoran Floristic Province to the south.

His work consisted of studies in the fields of floristics, phytogeography and plant systematics, of which he conducted systematic investigations of ferns and also plants from the genera Verbascum, Rubus, Salix, Rumex, Mentha, Rosa, Carex and Epilobium. During his career, he amassed a herbarium of over 210,000 specimens.

Good (1947) floristic kingdoms Floristics is a study of the flora of some territory or area. Traditional phytogeography concerns itself largely with floristics and floristic classification, see floristic province. China has been a focus to botanist for its rich biota as it holds the record for the earliest known angiosperm megafossil.

Rudolf Marloth referred to him as "the father of South African phytogeography". Harry Bolus and Peter MacOwan praised his meticulous collecting and his astounding zest in covering vast areas of the countryside. In total he collected over 200 000 specimens embracing some 8 000 species. He is commemorated in Dregea Eckl.

During his career, he made numerous trips throughout the Province of Prussia, and in 1844, took an extended journey to Austria, Switzerland and northern Italy. He made major contributions to the knowledge of Prussian flora, conducting research in the fields of phytogeography, plant systematics and climatology as it pertained to botany.

After that he went to the gymnasium in Leiden.van Teylingen 2014, p. 13 1960 he started his studies at Wageningen University and Research Centre - which was called 'Landbouwhogeschool' (Agricultural College) in those days. He got a degree in horticultural plant breeding, with optional courses in (botanical) systematics and phytogeography, plant anatomy and virology.

In terms of phytogeography, the park falls within the Balkan mixed forests terrestrial ecoregion of the Palearctic temperate broadleaf and mixed forest. The flora is diverse and is characterized with high endemism. A total of over 1,000 plant species have been identified parkwide. The vegetation is vertically divided into six distinct elevation zones.

ASNAT biography From 1881 to 1908, he was a correspondent-member of the Académie des sciences. He was the author of numerous works on descriptive botany, plant teratology, phytogeography and agricultural botany. As a taxonomist, he described many species from various plant families.IPNI List of plants described and co- described by Clos.

The southern section of the park has a meadow of multicolour flowers and several coniferous trees, which is called the Field of Mares, offering pristine views over the landscape. In terms of phytogeography, the park falls within the Pindus Mountains mixed forests terrestrial ecoregion of the Palearctic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome.

Alongside his teachers Nicolás Angulo Espino and Arnaldo López Miranda, which he greatly admired (he named after the later a genus and the journal he founded) and constantly referred to both in daily life and teachings, he is thought of as a pioneer of botany in Northern Peru. He considered fieldwork to be a major component of botanical research, and all his manuals, such as Fitogeografía General y del Perú ("General and Peruvian Phytogeography", six editions), were based on extensive fieldwork. All that fieldwork amounted to some 18 000 specimens distributed in Peruvian and American herbaria (mostly the Herbarium Antenor Orrego and the Herbarium Truxillense). He worked in multiple areas of botany, not only systematics, but also phytogeography, floristics and plant morphology.

Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1-130. The fruit is rounded, 15 to 20 centimeters wide, and covered with a felt-textured brown skin that is hard to cut open when ripe. The surface of the fruit has hooklike projections.

Both Clementses were involved with the study of phytogeography, especially those factors determining the ecology of vegetation in particular regions, and they would be praised as "the most illustrious husband-wife team since the Curies." It is impossible to entirely disentangle the work of each Clementses as they worked together during their noteworthy years.

Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1-130. The plant has a sturdy underground root crown that survives drought and wildfire. It is a fire-adapted species which grows at faster rates and produces plentiful flowers and fruits in the seasons following a burn.

It is a vine or spreading shrub that may grow up to 4 m high if it finds an adequate support, otherwise it rarely grows taller than 150 cm.Desmos chinensis Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1-130.

Professor Dostál published a number of professional, scientific and popular-scientific works in many fields of botany. His professional activities include higher plant systematics, taxonomy, floristics, morphology, phytosociology, phytogeography, Czechoslovak vegetation, dendrology, conservation, genetics and more. His major work was "Flora of Czechoslovakia" and "Key to the complete flora of Czechoslovakia." Professor Dostál 's diligence, his talent and vitality achieved international scientific recognition.

Remnant of a native Cabbage Tree forest in Saint Helena.The flora of Saint Helena, an isolated island in the South Atlantic Ocean, is exceptional in its high level of endemism and the severe threats facing the survival of the flora. In phytogeography, it is in the phytochorion St. Helena and Ascension Region of the African Subkingdom, in the Paleotropical Kingdom.

"Phytogeography of the Bryophyta". Pages 463-626 in R. M. Schuster (ed.), New Manual of Bryology (Japan: Hattori Botanical Laboratory). . Most species in the Haplomitriopsida are found in south of the equator, though there are northern ones. The genus Treubia is restricted to the southern hemisphere, while Apotreubia has one species in New Guinea and another disjunct between eastern Asia and British Columbia.

Acrothamnus suaveolens is a shrub in the heath family (Ericaceae). It is found in alpine and sub-alpine areas of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms, including Mount Kinabalu in Borneo, Davao and Mount Apo on Mindanao, the Bantaeng mountains in southwestern Sulawesi, and Mount Fetin on Timor.Croizat, Léon (2013). Manual of Phytogeography: An Account of Plant-Dispersal Throughout the World.

Estrada-Castillón, Eduardo, José Angel Villarreal-Quintanilla, María Magdalena Salinas-Rodríguez, Humberto Rodríguez-González, Javier Jiménez-Pérez, y Mario Alberto García-Aranda. 2013. Flora and phytogeography of Cumbres de Monterrey National Park, Nuevo León, México. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7(2):771-801. It is a biennial herb with trifoliate leaves, each leaflet palmately 3-lobed and almost cleft.

The Rocky Mountain Province includes the Rocky Mountains and associated ranges. Due to more heavy glaciation during the Pleistocene, its flora, especially in the north, has a far lower degree of endemism than that of the Vancouverian Province. Much of it is shared with the Canadian Province and the Circumboreal Region in general.Thorne, Robert F. Phytogeography of North America North of Mexico .

Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1-130. The flowers are pollinated by a number of insects, including the beetle Mordella atrata and the thrips species Frankliniella bispinosa and Thrips hawaiiensis. The fruit is a large yellow-green berry that may be up to 7 centimeters long.

Joakim Frederik Schouw (7 February 1789 – 28 April 1852) was a Danish lawyer, botanist and politician. From 1821, professor in botany at the University of Copenhagen — first extraordinary professor, but after the death of J.W. Hornemann in 1841 ordinary. His main scientific field was the new discipline of phytogeography. He also served as director of Copenhagen Botanical Garden in 1841-1852.

He was a leading authority of mosses, and also dealt with the systematics and phytogeography of flowering plants. As his career progressed, he focused more of his attention towards the classification of liverworts, in particular the family Lejeuneaceae. The plant specific terms herzogiana and herzogii bear his name;Google Books Etymological Dictionary of Grasses two examples being: Frullania herzogiana and Luteolejeunea herzogii.

Despite the scale of his botanical collecting, for which he primarily received his funding, Rock published nothing on the flora of China (although later he did work on a large phytogeographical study, partially published posthumouslyRock (2002), Phytogeography of Northwest and Southwest China, ed. Hartmut Walravens. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.). By the end of the 1920s, his attention turned decisively to the culture of the Nakhi people.

The province is bordered by, and sometimes defined as partly coincident with, the Rocky Mountain Floristic Region in the north. This boundary is poorly defined as some leading geobotanists, including Robert F. Thorne (Flora of North America) and Armen Takhtajan, include Oregon and Northern California within the Rocky Mountain Province.Thorne, Robert F. Phytogeography of North America North of Mexico . Flora of North America, Vol.

Systems used to classify vegetation can be divided in two major groups: those that use physiognomic- environmental parameters and characteristics and those that are based on floristic (i.e. shared genera and species) relationships.JOLY, C.A., AIDAR, M.P.M., KLINK, C.A., McGRATH, D.G., MOREIRA, A.G., MOUTINHO, P., NEPSTAD, D.C., OLIVEIRA, A.A.; POTT, A.; RODAL, M.J.N. & SAMPAIO, E.V.S.B. 1999. Evolution of the Brazilian phytogeography classification systems: implications for biodiversity conservation.

Edward Wilber Berry (February 10, 1875 – September 20, 1945) was an American paleontologist and botanist; the principal focus of his research was paleobotany. Berry studied North and South American flora and published taxonomic studies with theoretical reconstructions of paleoecology and phytogeography. He started his scientific career as an amateur scientist. At Johns Hopkins University he held various positions including teacher, research scientist, scientific editor and administrator.

During his teaching and research activities, he was primarily concerned with questions of botanical systematics, plant morphology and phytogeography and he also undertook research while travelling in the Mediterranean. In particular he made an important start on the study of the local flora of Albania. He acted as the Regional Adviser on Albania for Flora Europaea. He was married to the botanist Ingeborg Markgraf-Dannenberg.

Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals. Mycogeography is the branch that studies distribution of fungi, such as mushrooms. Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments.

He specialises in plant taxonomy, biosystematics and applications of techniques from molecular biology, phytogeography and phylogenetics. He focuses on broad-based research in biodiversity and taxonomy. One aspect of his research concerns the effects of climate change on biodiversity. He has contributed to papers on the impacts of climate change on plant evolutionYesson, C. and Culham, A. (2006) Phyloclimatic modeling: Combining phylogenetics and bioclimatic modeling.

Ernst Georg Pritzel (15 May 1875 – 6 April 1946) was a German botanist. He is known for his research in the fields of phytogeography and taxonomy. He contributed works on Lycopodiaceae, Psilotaceae and Pittosporaceae to Engler & Prantl’s "Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien".Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria, Australian National Herbarium (biography) In 1900–02, with Ludwig Diels, he collected plants in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.

Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 - 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist. He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants. Willdenow was also a mentor of Alexander von Humboldt, one of the earliest and best known phytogeographers. He also influenced Christian Konrad Sprengel, who pioneered the study of plant pollination and floral biology.

Here he was able to work on the botanical and mycological groups he had collected in Singapore. For research on the phytogeography of Ficus he visited Bougainville in 1960 and took part in the Royal Society Expedition to Solomon Islands in 1965. In 1973 he retired as Emeritus Professor. During his retirement, he generated over 2200 printed pages of accepted publications—mostly in mycological research.

Hoffmann was a pioneer of botanical phenology (plant climatology). He also did important studies in the fields of plant physiology and phytogeography. He conducted research involving the biological aspects of fungi in relation to fermentation, putrefaction and disease, and also performed early investigations in the field of bacteriology. In 1869, Hoffmann wrote a book on species and varieties that included a long excerpt from Gregor Mendel's genetics paper of 1865.

Romina Vidal-Russell is an Argentinean botanist who works in the areas of phytogeography, phylogeny, and parasitic plants, and on which she has written extensively. Her papers on the phylogeny of parasitic plants are cited on the APG website,Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards) Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 (and more or less continuously updated since) www.mobot.org. Retrieved 31 July 2019 and elsewhere and her collaborations are international.

His Moroccan work also included studies on the altitudinal zonation of the mountain regions there and the phytogeography of the desert climate, in particular the argan tree (Argania spinosa). Other work included studies of association in equatorial forests, which led to a biogeographical classification of climate, in which he drew comparisons between Australia and homologous zones of the Mediterranean. In biosystematics he developed a classification scheme for vascular plants.

The crown is rounded and dense, and resembles that of the unrelated Pinus pinea from the western Mediterranean. The needles are produced in fascicles of three (occasionally four), but 'zipped' together by their finely serrated margins so that they look like a single needle; they can only be separated by force.Bailey, D.K. and F.G. Hawksworth. 1988. Phytogeography and taxonomy of the pinyon pines. Pp. 41-64 in M.-F.

Madagascar belongs to the Afrotropical realm. With its neighboring Indian Ocean islands, it has been classified by botanist Armen Takhtajan as Madagascan Region, and in phytogeography it is the floristic phytochorion Madagascan Subkingdom in the Paleotropical Kingdom. Madagascar features very contrasting topography, climate, and geology. A mountain range on the east, rising to at its highest point, captures most rainfall brought in by trade winds from the Indian Ocean.

During this period he discovered many new species and a new genus in Gesneriaceae which he named Charadrophila Marl. In 1898 he met Andreas Schimper, renowned botanist and phytogeographer, who had arrived aboard the "Valdivia". Together they made collecting trips to the Montagu and Swartberg passes, and then further to Knysna. Schimper died in 1901 before his report was written, so that Marloth was asked to write an account on the phytogeography of the Cape.

He was assistant at the Institute of Botany in the University of Florence from 1935 to 1958, then became professor of botany at the University of Sassari in Sardinia from 1958 to 1959. From 1959 he was professor at the Institute of Botany in the University of Genoa and director of the Botanical Garden. He was a specialist on the ecology and phytogeography of tropical Africa, and also worked in plant taxonomy and pteridology.

After her retirement in 1945, she remained active in the botanical field and published numerous papers on taxonomy and phytogeography. She revised a number of South African genera e.g. Muraltia. In 1923 she married John Levyns, later Assistant Provincial Secretary of the Cape Province and who served on the council of the Botanical Society of South Africa. Margaret Levyns is commemorated in Thamnochortus levynsiae Pillans, Nivenia levynsiae H. Weimarck and Crassula levynsiae Adamson.

Vladimir did research in the fields of floristics, plant taxonomy and phytogeography of plants, herbarium work, principles of organization of botanical gardens, history of botany. He became one of the first botanists to provide scientific descriptions of the flora of Indonesia, Tunisia, Algeria, and Central Asia. In particular, Vladimir Lipsky described 4 new genera, and 220 new species of plant, 45 of which are named after him. He also authored 82 printed works.

The distribution of algal species has been fairly well studied since the founding of phytogeography in the mid-19th century. Algae spread mainly by the dispersal of spores analogously to the dispersal of Plantae by seeds and spores. This dispersal can be accomplished by air, water, or other organisms. Due to this, spores can be found in a variety of environments: fresh and marine waters, air, soil, and in or on other organisms.

The egyptian vulture thrives in the traditional rural landscapes of the coastline. The diversity, in terms of topography, geology, hydrology and climatic conditions, determined the broad variety of life in the region. The coastline features contrasting habitats and ecosystems impacted by various environmental factors, many of which are with conservation of national significance. In terms of phytogeography, the Albanian Ionian Sea Coast belongs to the illyrian province of the circumboreal region within the boreal kingdom.

Carl Traugott Beilschmied (19 October 1793 in Langenöls - 6 May 1848 in Herrnstadt) was a German pharmacist and botanist, known for his research in phytogeography. Prior to 1820, he trained and worked in pharmacies in Beuthen, Breslau and Berlin. He then studied at the University of Bonn, where he came under the influence of Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck. In 1822 he began work as a provisor at a pharmacy in Ohlau, becoming its manager in 1826.

Grecescu was among the founders of research into floristics and phytogeography in Romania. He compiled a detailed inventory of Romania's flora, published in 1898 as Conspectul Florei României. The book includes 2450 species and 550 varieties, with precise details as to geographic range, growth conditions and popular names; the morpho- physiological descriptions are completed by pedoclimatic notes. In the same text, he introduced innovations into the de Candolle system, as well as now- obsolete contributions to botanical taxonomy.

Josef Roman Lorenz (1825-1911) Josef Roman Lorenz, later ennobled as Josef Roman Lorenz Ritter von Liburnau (26 November 1825, Linz - 13 November 1911, Vienna) was an Austrian naturalist. He is known for his studies in the fields of meteorology, phytogeography and agricultural sciences. He was the father of zoologist Ludwig Lorenz von Liburnau (1856-1943). He studied at the University of Vienna, later working as a Mittelschulprofessor (middle school professor) in Salzburg und Fiume. Loew_Franz_ex_Zapfe.

Mathew, S. P., C. K. Biju & H. Biju 2015: Phytogeography of lesser known Mimusops andamanensis King & Gamble (Sapotaceae) with special reference to its occurrence in Little Andaman Island. . International Journal of Advanced Research 3:1127 – 1131. Mathew, S. P. and C. R. Chitra 2015: Propagation and ex-situ conservation of mimusops andamanensis king & gamble (sapotaceae) - a critically endangered species from Andaman-Nicobar islands and Sri Lanka. Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management 4 (10) : 470-474.

McGregor, S.E. Insect Pollination Of Cultivated Crop Plants USDA, 1976 Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.Walker JW (1971) Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 202: 1-130. ;Fruits and reproduction: Aggregate and soft fruits form from the numerous and loosely united pistils of a flower which become enlarged and mature into fruits which are distinct from fruits of other species of genus (and more like a giant raspberry instead).

While his main fields of interest were phytogeography and systematics, especially the Gentianaceae and Malpighiaceae, he considered his Flora of the British West Indian Islands his most important work. Much of his collection, especially the types of species described by him, are housed at the Göttingen University Herbarium.Göttingen University, Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium) His taxonomic classification is set out in his Grundriss der systematischen Botanik (1854). His son Eduard was an author, lawyer and diplomat.

Von Humboldt advocated a quantitative approach to phytogeography that has characterized modern plant geography. Gross patterns of the distribution of plants became apparent early on in the study of plant geography. For example, Alfred Russel Wallace, co-discoverer of the principle of natural selection, discussed the Latitudinal gradients in species diversity, a pattern observed in other organisms as well. Much research effort in plant geography has since then been devoted to understanding this pattern and describing it in more detail.

Pterostylis arfakensis is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Indonesian West Papua in New Guinea. It was first formally described in 1917 by Johannes Jacobus Smith who gave it the name Pterostylis papuana var. arfakensis. The description was published in Lilian Gibbs's book A Contribution to the Phytogeography and Flora of the Arfalk Mountains from a specimen collected in the Arfak Mountains. In 2002 David Jones and Mark Clements raised it to species level as Pterostylis arfakensis.

Marcel-Henri Gaussen (14 July 1891 in Cabrières-d'Aigues (Vaucluse) - 27 July 1981 in Toulouse), was a French botanist and biogeographer. Muséum de Toulouse - Jardin botanique Henri Gaussen - La spirale ethnobotanique. In 1926, he defended his thesis on "the vegetation of the eastern half of the Pyrenees", which laid the foundation for future work on the border between biogeography and vegetation mapping. Gaussen was an early advocate of the ideas of stages and vegetation succession, which are fundamental to phytogeography.

He was also interested in phytogeography. Fedorov was a regional adviser for the Soviet Union on the international Flora Europaea project, published in five volumes in 1964-1980. He was also co-author of The Flora of the USSR, international edition published in four volumes between 1964 and 1976, and co-editor of The Flora of the European part of the USSR (1974-1979) . He died 5 March 1987 in Leningrad and was buried at Serafimovskoe Cemetery, also in Leningrad.

Yunnan University has from the very beginning attached great importance to the pursuit of scientific research, closely following international disciplines. It is, for example, a leader in ecology. Its Institute of Ecology and Geobotany has produced nationally utilized texts on plant community classification and plant ecology. ("Geobotany" is a term from Russian and continental European science which entails classifying and analyzing the geographical distribution of the flora of a province or nation; it is called "Phytogeography" in English-speaking countries).

Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at an herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle had established a new genus, and he went on to document hundreds of plant families and create a new natural plant classification system. Although de Candolle's main focus was botany, he also contributed to related fields such as phytogeography, agronomy, paleontology, medical botany, and economic botany.

Brewer S. W., M. Rejmanek, M.A.H. Webb and P.V.A. Fine (2003). Relationship of phytogeography and diversity of tropical tree species with limestone topography in southern Belize. Journal of Biogeography 30, 1669-1688 Twenty ecosystems have been identified within the Bladen area, ranging from broadleaf lowland hill forest to submontane forest, riparian shrubland and short grass savannah. At the ecosystem level, the Bladen Nature Reserve plays a critical role as a core conservation area, protecting over 5% of the national extent of 11 ecosystems.

Hubert Winkler (13 February 1875 in Prenzlau - 10 June 1941 in Breslau) was a German botanist, who specialized in tropical flora research. From 1895 he studied theology and botany at the University of Breslau, where in 1901/02 he worked as an assistant at the botanical garden. Afterwards, he worked at the Botanical Museum in Berlin and at the botanic garden in Victoria, Kamerun. In 1921 he became an associate professor of phytogeography at the University of Breslau, where in 1927 he attained a full professorship.

The mean monthly temperature ranges between (in January) and (in July), whilst the mean annual precipitation ranges between and depending on elevation. The flora of the park is represented by 1558 species of vascular plants. The fauna includes 32 species of mammals, 200 species of birds, 13 species of reptiles, 10 species of amphibia, 7 species of fish and 147 species of butterflies. In terms of phytogeography, the Sharr Mountains National Park belongs to the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom.

The climate of the country is a combination of a continental and a mediterranean climate, with four distinct seasons. It is mostly defined by its geographical location in Southeastern Europe and strongly influenced by the Adriatic, Aegean and Black Sea within the Mediterranean Sea. In terms of phytogeography, the land area of Kosovo lies within the Boreal Kingdom, specifically within the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region. Its territory can be subdivided into two terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic realm, the Balkan and Dinaric mixed forests.

Imperial Alexander University around 1870 Vainio graduated from the Jyväskylä primary college (; now the Jyväskylä Lyceum) in 1870. He began his studies at the Imperial Alexander University (now the University of Helsinki) the same year, and under the guidance of Norrlin studied phytogeography and lichenology. As a young student, in 1871 Vainio was granted membership in the Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, which is still the oldest scientific society in Finland. Vainio was particularly skilled at identifying and collecting specimens in the field.

The forests of the park are abundant with stone pine. In terms of phytogeography, the Divjakë-Karavasta National Park belongs to the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. It falls completely inside the Illyrian deciduous forests terrestrial ecoregion of the Palearctic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome. The combination of diverse geology, hydrology and specific climatic conditions on the territory of the park, has determined the considerable diversity of species and habitats, many of which are with national conservation significance.

Kosovo is characterised by a diverse biodiversity and an abundance of different ecosystems and habitats with a remarkable exponential value. It is located at the crossroads of several biogeographical regions and therefore has specific climate, geological, hydrological and morphological conditions. In terms of phytogeography, the land area of Kosovo lies within the Boreal Kingdom, specifically within the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region. Its territory can be conventionally subdivided into four terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic realm, amongst them the Balkan and Dinaric mixed forests.

In terms of phytogeography, the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast belongs to the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. It falls entirely within the Illyrian deciduous forests terrestrial ecoregion of the Palearctic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome. The special environmental circumstances and the millennial human activity on the territory of the coast determine the rich variety of species, populations and ecosystems, many of which are with conservation significance. The Albanian Adriatic portion features contrasting vegetation types that are impacted by different factors.

In 1966 he was appointed as Harrison Professor of Botany in the University of Manchester. As well as research, teaching and administration he continued his vigorous participation in Flora Europaea. He organised an international conference of invited speakers on Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Evolution. He became a member of the Council of the Linnean Society of London (1968–1971 and 1976–1980), President of the International Organization of Plant Biosystematists (from 1974), and President of the Botanical Society of the British Isles (1977 to 1979).

Taylor attributes her interest in plants to her parents, who were "serious bird watchers." However, she opted to study plants instead of birds because it afforded her more freedom to keep to her own research schedule. Taylor is married to Roy E. Gereau, an Assistant Curator at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Gereau's research interests include plant nomenclature, floristics and phytogeography of eastern Africa, plant conservation assessment in eastern Africa and in Africa generally, classification and identification of East African flowering plant genera, and taxonomy and systematics of African Sapindaceae.

The proximity to the Mediterranean Sea and the convergence of exceptional climatic, geological and hydrological conditions, have contributed for the development of a diverse biodiversity, making Albania one of the biodiversity hotspots of Europe. In terms of phytogeography, the land area of Albania extends within the Boreal Kingdom, specifically within the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region. Its territory can be subdivided into four terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic realm – the Illyrian, Balkan, Pindus and Dinaric forests. Forests and woodlands are the most widespread terrestrial ecosystem in Albania.

Punctelia was circumscribed by lichenologist Hildur Krog in 1982. The genus originally contained 22 species segregated from Parmelia based on differences in the ontogeny of the pseudocyphellae, secondary chemistry, and phytogeography. Krog divided Punctelia into two subgenera: Punctelia subgenus Punctelia, characterized by hook-shaped (unciform) spermatia and atranorin as a major cortical substance, and Punctelia subgenus Flavopunctelia characterized by bifusiform spermatia and usnic acid as a major cortical substance. Based on differences in spermatia shape as well as additional chemical characters, Flavopunctelia was recognized by Mason Hale as a separate genus consisting of four species.

The karst geology harbours approximately 7,000 caves and pits, some of which are the habitat of the only known aquatic cave vertebrate—the olm. Forests are also significantly present in the country, as they cover representing 44% of Croatian land surface. Other habitat types include wetlands, grasslands, bogs, fens, scrub habitats, coastal and marine habitats. In terms of phytogeography, Croatia is a part of the Boreal Kingdom and is a part of Illyrian and Central European provinces of the Circumboreal Region and the Adriatic province of the Mediterranean Region.

Merritt Lyndon Fernald collecting Draba aurea near Rimouski, Quebec, 1905 Merritt Lyndon Fernald (October 5, 1873 – September 22, 1950) was an American botanist. He was a respected scholar of the taxonomy and phytogeography of the vascular plant flora of temperate eastern North America. During his career, Fernald published more than 850 scientific papers and wrote and edited the seventh and eighth editions of Gray's Manual of Botany. Fernald coauthored the book Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America in 1919–1920 with Alfred Kinsey, which was published in 1943.

Two years later he accompanied Mutius von Tommasini (1794–1879) on a botanical excursion through Istria and Tyrol, and in 1847 conducted botanical research in Bosnia. During this time period he also performed phytogeographical studies in southern Bavaria. In 1854 he became an associate professor, and in 1857 was appointed to the second chair of botany, as well as first curator of the herbarium at the University of Munich. Sendtner was a pioneer in the field of phytogeography, and in his research conducted important analyses involving the vertical distribution patterns of different types of vegetation.

One of his favourite exotic locations was the tepui mountains of the Venezuelan Guayana, reachable only by helicopter. As of 2017, Ahti had more than 280 publications dealing with lichens, mosses, fungi, and phytogeography. Known as a specialist of the Cladoniaceae, he wrote a monograph on this subject for the journal series Flora Neotropica, which reviewer William Culberson called "the long-awaited fulfillment of an old promise by one of the world's master taxonomists." In the monograph, Ahti accepted 184 species of Cladoniaceae from the Neotropical realm, including 29 new taxa.

For example, despite their innovativeness and importance, Vainio's early publications on phytogeography in the border regions of northeast Finland and Russian Karelia were rarely cited by his Finnish colleagues, largely for political reasons. Another source suggests that additional resentment amongst his colleagues was stoked by his publication of the first Finnish-language dissertation. Vainio lost the subsidy associated with his docentship in 1894. Shortly after the turn of the century, when Finland's constitutional struggle dominated the political landscape, Vainio was forced to suspend his teaching position as he had so few students.

The inflorescence at the tip of each stem is composed of one white poppy flower with six petals up to 4 centimeters long and green sepals covered in long, white hairs. The fruit is a capsule up to 3.5 centimeters long containing many tiny seeds. Botanist Frederick Vernon Coville was first to identify the plant, and named it after naturalist Clinton Hart Merriam, who accompanied Coville on the Death Valley Expedition, the first of a series of expeditions funded by the US Congress to map the flora (phytogeography) and fauna of the United States..

Bogumil Pawlowski (born 1898, died 1971) was a Polish botanist, a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, professor at the Jagiellonian University, and director of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences in Kraków. His interests included plant taxonomy, floristics, phytogeography, and phytosociology. He was the author or co-author of over 100 papers in the field of botany, such as Flora Polska (with Władysław Szafer and Stanisław Kulczyński) describing Polish vegetation. He was also the regional adviser for Poland on the Flora Europaea project.

Typical habitat in Valbona Valley. Even though the park is small in surface, on its area thrive hundreds of threatened and endemic animal and plant species. The levels of vegetation in the Albanian Alps meet the alpine level, from upland valleys through the montane mountain stage on forest-free alpine and subalpine mats and subnivale tundra caused by permafrost in vast heaps of rubble with raw soils. In view of phytogeography, the park falls within the Dinaric Mountains mixed forests terrestrial ecoregion of the Palearctic temperate broadleaf and mixed forest.

Historischen Lexikon der Schweiz (biography)ETH-Bibliothek - ETH Zürich (biography) Schröter was a pioneer in the fields of phytogeography and phytosociology. He introduced the concept of "autecology" to explain the relationship of an individual plant with its external environment, and "synecology" to express relationships between plant communities and external influences.Google Books Forestry Quarterly, Volume 14Google Books New Scientist Jul 26, 1973 In 1910 with Charles Flahault (1852–1935), he released Rapport sur la nomenclature phytogéographique (Reports on phytogeographical nomenclature), and with Friedrich Gottlieb Stebler (1852-1935), he was co- author of Die besten Futterpflanzen, etc.

Smith's major contributions came as a consequence of the death of his brother, Robert. Like his brother, Robert Smith had studied at Dundee, but then went on to the University of Montpellier, where he had studied under Charles Flahault, a pioneer of phytogeography and phytosociology. Robert Smith adapted Flahault's sampling method to better suit Scottish vegetation and went on to pioneer vegetation mapping in the British Isles. When he died suddenly in 1900, William Smith completed his brother's unfinished manuscript and took up his own surveys of the vegetation of Yorkshire.

As mentioned earlier, Georgia has a rich fossil record of plant life dating back to the Cretaceous. Some of the examples of flora that was present in that area include Salicaceae, Lauraceae, Sequoioideae, Moraceae, Pinophyta, Malpighiales, Monocotyledon, Ericaceae, Cinnamomum, Ranunculales, Salicaceae, Torreya, Cupressaceae, Magnoliaceae and Rhamnaceae. Plant fossils of Minnesota have revealed that cycads, evergreens, Equisetum, laurels, ferns, willows, redwoods, poplars, tulip trees, and pomegranates were present in the area during the Creataceous. There is also a huge concentration of Normapolles unearthed in the southeastern United States, suggesting that there was a distinct phytogeography through the area during the Cretaceous.

Of particular importance are the mediterranean monk seal, loggerhead sea turtle and green sea turtle that use to nest on the country's coastal waters and shores. The common bottlenose dolphin is a frequent visitor to the waters of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea Coasts. In terms of phytogeography, Albania is part of the Boreal Kingdom and stretches specifically within the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal and Mediterranean Region. Its territory can be subdivided into four terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic realm namely within the Illyrian deciduous forests, Balkan mixed forests, Pindus Mountains mixed forests and Dinaric Mountains mixed forests.

Domin specialised in phytogeography, geobotany and plant taxonomy. He became a member at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, published many scientific works and founded a botany institute at the university. The Domin scale, a commonly used means of classifying a standard area by the number of plant species found in that area, is named after him. In the academic year 1933-34 he was rector of Charles University and was one of the participants of a struggle for ancient academic insignia between the Czech and German universities of Prague (the insigniáda) that resulted in street-fights and looting.

Floristic regions in Europe according to Wolfgang Frey and Rainer Lösch Epilobium angustifolium'Vaccinium vitis-idaea'Betula nana in GreenlandAlnus viridis The Circumboreal Region in phytogeography is a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom in Eurasia and North America, as delineated by such geobotanists as Josias Braun-Blanquet and Armen Takhtajan. It is the largest floristic region in the world by area, comprising most of Canada, Alaska, Europe, Caucasus and Russia, as well as North Anatolia (as the southernmost part of the region) and parts of northern New England, Michigan, and Minnesota. Northern portions of the region include polar desert, taigaC.Michael Hogan.

Ernst Hans Ludwig Krause (1859-1942) Ernst Hans Ludwig Krause (27 July 1859, Stade - 1 June 1942, Domjüch/Neustrelitz) was a German physician, botanist and mycologist. He studied medicine and botany in Berlin, where in 1881 he received his medical doctorate. From 1882 to 1893 he served as a naval medical officer, and later spent several years as a physician to an infantry regiment. From 1904 to 1918 he gave lectures on plant systematics and phytogeography at the University of Strasbourg, and afterwards, relocated to the University of Rostock, where from 1921 to 1933, he was an associate professor of botany.

The central mountain range contains extraordinary biological diversity and a vast array of ecosystems. In terms of phytogeography, the central mountain range falls within the Dinaric Mountains mixed forests, Balkan mixed forests and Pindus Mountains mixed forests terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic temperate broadleaf and mixed forest and Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biomes, respectively. The forests are composed of different species of deciduous and coniferous trees including a great variety of plants of european and mediterranean type. Of particular importance is the presence of the fir; 74 percent of the entire forests composed with fir in Albania can be largely found in the central mountain range.

First page of the original publication as Appendix V of James Hingston Tuckey's Narrative of an expedition to explore the River Zaire Observations, systematical and geographical, on the herbarium collected by Professor Christian Smith, in the vicinity of the Congo, during the expedition to explore that river, under the command of Captain Tuckey, in the year 1816, also published as Observations, systematical and geographical, on Professor Christian Smith's collection of plants from the vicinity of the River Congo, is an 1818 paper written by Robert Brown on the botany of tropical Africa. It is significant for its contributions to plant systematics, and to African floristics and phytogeography.

Taxon 49 ( 2 (May, 2000), pp. 321-323 After the war, he completed his PhD in Botany in 1950, with a dissertation entitled Zur Kausalanalyse der Verbreitung einiger nordischen Os- und Sandpflanzen on the distribution, ecology and sociology of the plants of eskers and sandy areas of northern Europe. From 1961, he worked at the University of Helsinki as an Assistant Professor of Botany until 1971 when he was promoted to professor extraordinary (associate professor) and in 1976 to Professor of Plant Systematics, Morpholoy and Phytogeography. In 1978–1983, he was the director of the Department of Botany, the Botanical Garden and the Botanical Museum.

Between 1999 and 2001 Huber worked as a professor of botany and phytogeography at the Universidad Simón Bolívar in Caracas, tutoring several theses; he has always tried to transmit his knowledge into the scientific community and in 1990 established a peer reviewed monographic series Scientia Guaianæ, to stimulate young scientists working between the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. He himself has created over 120 publications. In 2002 he was appointed scientific coordinator of the International Workshop on Biological Priority Setting for Conservation of the Guiana Shield (Conservation International and IUCN). From 2005 Huber has been scientific advisor to the president of the Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, in Caracas.

In this role, he conducted research in the fields of glaciology, climatology, speleology, ecology, hydrology, phytogeography, etc.Simony, Friedrich Deutsche Biographie From 1840 he performed geomorphological and glaciological research of the Dachstein Mountains. In September 1843 he was the first to spend the night at the summit of Hoher Dachstein (2995 m); in January 1847 he was first to achieve a winter ascent of the peak.Heights of Reflection: Mountains in the German Imagination by Sean Moore Ireton, Caroline SchaumannAEIOU Biographical sketch He is credited as being the first to undertake systematic meteorological studies of the eastern Alps, similar to the research Horace-Bénédict de Saussure performed in the western Alps years earlier.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Braun's taxonomy work included a new catalog of the flora of the Cincinnati area, with a comparison to the flora of 100 years prior. Her study, one of the first of its kind for the United States, provided a model for analyzing changes to a flora over time. Building from the understanding that the southern Appalachian mountains were a refugium for communities of forest plants during intervals of glaciation, Braun proposed two migrations of prairie flora from the western grasslands during warming periods: a pre-Illinoian movement and a post-Wisconsinan one. She summarized her thinking in "The Phytogeography of Unglaciated Eastern United States and Its Interpretation".

The Death Valley expedition was an 1891 expedition to discover the geographic distributions of plants (phytogeography) and animals in California's Death Valley. It was the first of a series of expeditions funded by an 1890 act of the United States Congress.Death Valley Expedition (1891), Historic Expeditions, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, The expedition included biologists, naturalists, botanists, and zoologists. They produced valuable reports of historic significance in several fields, including "Botany of the Death Valley Expedition", “The Death Valley Expedition: A Biological Survey of Parts of California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah”, and "Annotated List of the Reptiles and Batrachians Collected by the Death Valley Expedition in 1891, with Descriptions of New Species".

This dedication allowed him to continue his studies at the Universidad Nacional de Trujillo (UNT), where he would eventually achieve the degree of doctor of biological science in 1976. He is also remembered for his mentorship skills, his ebullient personality and the remarkable enthusiasm he displayed for his work. In 1956, after spending two years as a secondary education teacher in Otuzco, he entered the staff of the UNT where he would over the years teach botany and phytogeography—eventually achieving the title of "principal exclusive professor" (profesor principal dedicación exclusiva)—as well as well as becoming the first official curator of the university's herbarium. He then directed the botanical museum until his departure in 1988.

In biogeography, particularly phytogeography, the nunatak hypothesis about the origin of a biota in formerly glaciated areas is the idea that some or many species have survived the inhospitable period on icefree land such as nunataks. Its antithesis is the tabula rasa hypothesis, which posits that all species have immigrated into completely denuded land after the retreat of glaciers. By the mid-20th Century, the nunatak hypothesis was widely accepted among biologists working on the floras of Greenland and Scandinavia. However, while modern geology has established the presence of ice-free areas during the last glacial maximum in both Greenland and Scandinavia, molecular techniques have revealed limited between-region genetic differentiation in many Arctic taxa, strongly suggesting a general capacity for long-distance dispersal among polar organisms.

Huber is involved in conservation in the realm of protected area designation, in both their scientific justification and physical delimitation; his work has resulted in the designation of the largest neotropical biosphere reserve (Alto Orinoco- Casiquiare 1991), also the Canaima World Heritage Site and the Tepuis Natural Monument. From 1986-2003 he completed many cartographic projects, creating several maps of the vegetation of southern Venezuela and Guayana and two for the whole of South America. One important project for Huber is the data-basing of concepts and definitions to aid the classification of vegetation in tropical and subtropical America. Since 2004 he has worked for the UNESCO sponsored project 'CoroLab Humboldt', creating the database 'Fitored' with over 10,000 titles on phytogeography and plant ecology.

Vainio's earliest publications dealt with phytogeography or elucidating and enumerating the local flora. Already in these early publications he demonstrated an attention to detail and thoroughness that would become characteristic of his later work. Although Vainio was an associate professor of botany at the University of Helsinki during the period 1880–1906, and despite his scientific success and the international recognition he gained through his research, he never obtained a permanent university position with this institution. This was a result, he claimed, of his intense Finnish nationalism and desire to promote the use of the Finnish language in academia during a time of language strife, when Latin dominated the scientific literature, and Swedish was the predominant language of administration and education.

Huber's fields of scientific interest include the flora and phytogeography of the neotropics and the vegetation of Venezuela's non-forest biomes but he has also taken part in systematic research in the Humiriaceae family with José Cuatrecasas. Between 1972 and 1982 Huber took part in, organised and led over 80 multidisciplinary expeditions in Venezuela and Brazil. From its beginning in 1977 he has maintained an intimate link with the Ministry of Environment of Venezuela (MARNR) and has been leader of two of their research projects to study the tepui ecosystem. He has always concentrated on non-forest ecosystems (shrublands, herbaceous ecosystems and rock pioneers) and the species he has collected reflect this interest; he has amassed a collection of over 13,500 specimens with an average of three to four duplicates each.

The Mexican Plateau is mostly covered by deserts and xeric shrublands, with pine-oak forests covering the surrounding mountain ranges and forming sky islands on some of the interior ranges. The Mexican Altiplano is one of six distinct physiographic sections of the Basin and Range Province, which in turn is part of the Intermontane Plateaus physiographic division. In phytogeography, the Sonoran Desert is within the Sonoran Floristic Province of the Madrean Region in southwestern North America, part of the Holarctic Kingdom of the northern Western Hemisphere. While the plateau stretches from north to south, the southern east-west arc of the Central Mexican Plateau from Jalisco to Veracruz states historically as well as today has served as the population nexus of the Mexican nation, it is home to its biggest metro areas of Guadalajara, Leon, Querétaro, Morelia, Mexico City, Toluca, Cuernavaca, and Puebla.

Vermilacinia rosei is classified in the subgenus Vermilacinia in which it is distinguished from related species by its thallus divided into relatively few fan-shaped branches (less than 10)—widely expanded above a short narrow stalk- like base—and by its secondary metabolites of triterpenes, referred to as T1 and T2 by their Rf values on thin-layer chromatography plates; their formulas are C30H50O2 (T1) and C30H50OO (T2). Lichen substances also include the triterpene zeorin and the diterpene (-)-16 α-hydroxykaurane that characterize subgenus Vermilacinia. The broadly expanded branches from base to apex is similar to V. robusta, which differs by lacking the T1, T2 triterpenes, and by having a definite tubular shape to the branches. Vermilacinia varicosa, also from Isla San Roque, appears morphological indistinguishable from V. rosei, differing only in chemistry, lacking the two triterpenes, which appear to have phytogeography significance in the species classification of Vermilacinia.

Collecting material for his theses, he made excursions in Kuusamo and along the Paatsjoki River, but his available time for botanical explorations of the Russian side was cut short because of lack of funding. In these works – considered the earliest publications on phytogeography in the Finnish language – Vainio meticulously catalogued the moisture, light, and soil conditions of the places where he collected, and defined terms that would eventually become standard terminology in the field. Because he not only described plant communities but also identified ecological factors that increased or decreased the dominance of different kinds of vegetation and distributional limits for different species, Vainio's work has been described as "ahead of its time". Already in these early publications, the characteristics that would represent his later work were evident: Nylander, however, was not impressed with Vainio's choice of language for his publications, and this marked the start of a downward turn in their professional relationship.