Lastly, if women in the HPV testing group received positive results for HPV, it was followed by cytology, whereas HPV-negative women underwent cytology screening at 24 months after their results.
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I didn't have the money for cytology and OR fees.
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In the other group, the women underwent routine cytology-based Pap smear testing.
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Diagnosing diseases by looking at single cells and small clusters of cells is called cytology or cytopathology.
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Women 249.2 to 270.5 can screen with a combination of cytology and HPV testing every five years.
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That has been a guideline since the introduction of the Pap, also called exfoliative cytology, 75 years ago.
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All three strains were bred by the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
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"However, the addition of cervical cytology testing adds little to the accuracy of HPV testing while increasing cost and false-positive results," he wrote.
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The cytology-based Pap smear involves looking for cancer or precancer cells by testing cells taken from the lower end of a woman's uterus, called the cervix.
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There are two types of tests used to screen for cervical cancer: cervical cytology, also known as a Pap test or Pap smear, and high-risk HPV or hrHPV testing.
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Dr. Belyaev, a geneticist at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk, Russia, selectively bred foxes that he had acquired from a fur farm, concentrating only on reducing their fear of humans.
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"All the power is in the HPV test and very little in the cytology testing," Stoler says, although he adds that some will point to the 3 cases to keep the co-testing regime.
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The Cervical Cancer Image Detection API, which runs on Microsoft's Azure, can quickly screen liquid-based cytology slide images for detection of cervical cancer in the early stages and return insights to pathologists in labs, the two said.
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"Cytopathologists now have to review fewer areas, 20 as of now, on a whole slide liquid-based cytology image and validate the positive cases thus bringing in greater efficiency and speeding up the initial screening process," Microsoft wrote.
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Why it matters: There's been some debate in the medical field if Pap tests (also called cytology tests) should be dropped completely from the roster for women of that age group, as recent studies increasingly show HPV tests can be more sensitive and are valid for a longer period of time.
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"There has been a significant body of evidence that shows that by including HPV testing -- as co-testing with cytology -- we could improve detection of precancerous lesions of the cervix," said Dr. Gina Ogilvie, professor and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Global Control of HPV-related diseases and prevention at the University of British Columbia, who was lead author of the study.
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Microbial cytology is analyzed under a microscope for cells which were collected from a part of the body. The main purpose of microbial cytology is to see the structure of the cells, and how they form and operate.
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Monitor Publications. p. 144 In 1902, he independently discovered Mendel's laws from the cytology of spermatogenesis in pigeon hybrids.Bungener P; Buscaglia, M. (2003). Cytology and Mendelism: Early Connection Between Michael F. Guyer's Contribution. Hist Philos Life Sci 2 :27-50.
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While absence of malignant cells on cytology does not completely exclude mesothelioma, it makes it much more unlikely, especially if an alternative diagnosis can be made (e.g., tuberculosis, heart failure). However, with primary pericardial mesothelioma, pericardial fluid may not contain malignant cells and a tissue biopsy is more useful in diagnosis. Using conventional cytology diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma is difficult, but immunohistochemistry has greatly enhanced the accuracy of cytology.
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The cytology, biology and systematics of Megalodonta beckii (Compositae). Aquat. Bot. 21: 99–110.
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Later she became a Professor Emeritus, known for her teaching of histology, embryology and cytology.
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Lyudmila N. Trut (born 6 November 1933) is a Russian geneticist, ethologist, and evolutionist. She is known for developing domesticated silver foxes from wild foxes with Dmitry Belyayev at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk, Russia. The experiment, started in 1952, continues to this day covering nearly 60 generations of silver foxes selected for "tameness." She has held the positions of Senior researcher for Evolutionary genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB AS USSR, from 1969 to 1985; Head of Laboratory for Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, USSR, 1985 to 1990; Main Scientific Employee in the Laboratory for Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB AS USSR, 1990 until the present; and Professor in Genetics, 2003 to the present at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics.
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As a screening test, VIA may perform as well as or better than cervical cytology in accurately identifying pre-cancerous lesions. This has been demonstrated in various studies where trained physicians and mid-level providers correctly identified between 45% and 79% of women at high risk of developing cervical cancer. By comparison, the sensitivity of cytology has been shown to be between 47 and 62%. Cytology provides higher specificity (fewer false positives) than VIA.
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A case report with the diagnosis suggested by intraoperative cytology. Acta Cytol 1996;40(4):786-8.
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Liver cytology is the branch of cytology that studies the liver cells and its functions. The liver is a vital organ, in charge of almost all the body’s metabolism. Main liver cells are hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells; each one with a specific function.
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This variation provides the basis for a range of studies in what might be called evolutionary cytology.
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Later attempts to refine the infrageneric classification of Peniophora included morphology, physiology, development, cytogenetics, cytology and biochemistry.
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Cytology is an important tool in identifying effusions due to malignancy. The most common causes for pleural fluid are lung cancer, metastasis from elsewhere and pleural mesothelioma. The latter often presents with an effusion. Normal cytology results do not reliably rule out malignancy, but make the diagnosis more unlikely.
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Bacterioscopy, histopathology of freshly prepared cytology smears and virological investigations were used routinely in diagnosing the infectious agents.
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Cytology reveals cells with clear to lightly basophilic cytoplasm and round or indented nuclei with fine chromatin and indistinct nucleoli.
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He worked on the cytology of Gasteria and Allium in 1936. In 1948 he studied the cytology of a grasshopper. Coleman was married twice. His first wife Mary MacDonald Urquhart (born Oct 19, 1882) died on May 10, 1918 in the Biligirirangan Hills from diabetes and was buried in the Honnametti estate of R.C. Morris.
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Retrieved March 16, 2014, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website: Several screening methods for cervical cancer are the Pap test (also known as Pap smear or conventional cytology), liquid-based cytology, the HPV DNA testing and the visual inspection with acetic acid. Pap test and liquid-based cytology have been effective in diminishing incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in developed countries but not in developing countries. Prospective screening methods that can be used in low- resource areas in the developing countries are the HPV DNA testing and the visual inspection.
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II. The stenoteles. Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology. 5: 79–84. fish (especially the Channel Catfish),Chapman, G. B. 1981.
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A Pap test showing a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). Pap stain. Gynecologic cytology, also Gynecologic cytology, is a field of pathology concerned with the investigation of disorders of the female genital tract. The most common investigation in this field is the Pap test, which is used to screen for potentially precancerous lesions of the cervix.
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In 1938, Karl Sax, at the Harvard University Biological Laboratories, published a paper entitled "Chromosome Aberrations Induced by X-rays", which demonstrated that radiation could induce major genetic changes by affecting chromosomal translocations. The paper is thought to mark the beginning of the field of radiation cytology, and led him to be called "the father of radiation cytology".
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Sharma was married to Arun Kumar Sharma, considered by many as the Father of Indian Cytology. She died on January 14, 2008.
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Arlette Nougarède's research focuses on the primary meristems of higher plants (structural and ultrastructural cytology; cytochemistry, DNA, RNA, proteins; functioning, cell cycle).
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White made important contributions to the development of cytology and cytogenetics. His work was influential in the study of speciation in biology.
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In 1954, he published another memorable work, the Atlas of Exfoliative Cytology, thus creating the foundation of the modern medical specialty of cytopathology.
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Barbara McClintock worked as a research assistant for Lowell Fitz Randolph and then for Lester W. Sharp, during her graduate studies. He authored two classical textbooks in cytology: An Introduction to Cytology (1921) and Fundamentals of cytology (1943) He was vice-president of the American Society of Naturalists in 1924, vice-president of the Botanical Society of America in 1929 and president in 1930. He served on the editorial boards of the American Journal of Botany, Stain Technology and the Botanical Review. He was awarded an honorary DSc by Alma College in 1930 and by the University of Louvain in Belgium in 1957.
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Typically, either cytologic or histopathologic analysis of the suspected mass is done prior to initiating treatment. The commonly used diagnostic procedures for skin tumors are fine-needle aspiration cytology and tissue biopsy. Cytology is an important tool that can help the veterinarian distinguish a tumor from inflammatory lesions. The biopsy technique used will largely depend on the tumor's size and location.
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Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology. 5: 69–78.Chapman, G. B., and Lewis G. Tilney. 1959. Cytological studies of the nematocysts of Hydra.
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People with juvenile polyps may require yearly upper and lower endoscopies with polyp excision and cytology. Their siblings may also need to be screened regularly.
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Cytology is the name given to the branch of biology that deals with the formation, structure and functionality of the cells. Liver cytology specializes in the study of liver cells. The main liver cells are called hepatocytes; however, there are other cells that can be observed in a liver sample such as Kupffer cells (macrophages). The liver is the biggest gland of the body.
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A number of recommended options exist for screening those 30 to 65. This includes cervical cytology every 3 years, HPV testing every 5 years, or HPV testing together with cytology every 5 years. Screening is not beneficial before age 25, as the rate of disease is low. Screening is not beneficial in women older than 60 years if they have a history of negative results.
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Urine typically contains epithelial cells shed from the urinary tract, and urine cytology evaluates this urinary sediment for the presence of cancerous cells from the lining of the urinary tract, and it is a convenient noninvasive technique for follow-up analysis of patients treated for urinary tract cancers. For this process, urine must be collected in a reliable fashion, and if urine samples are inadequate, the urinary tract can be assessed via instrumentation, such as a catheter. In urine cytology, collected urine is examined microscopically. One limitation, however, is the inability to definitively identify low-grade cancer cells and urine cytology is used mostly to identify high-grade tumors.
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Cytology and ultrastructure of interactions between Ustilago esculenta and Zizania latifolia. Mycological Progress 11(2) 499–508. Its Japanese name is makomotake.Kawagishi, H., et al. (2006).
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Demerec, M., Kaufmann, B. P., & Carlson, E. A. (1986). Drosophila guide: introduction to the genetics and cytology of Drosophila melanogaster. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institute of Washington.
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Methylene blue is used to stain animal cells, such as human cheek cells, to make their nuclei more observable. Also used to stain blood films in cytology.
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The CD4-, CD8- T cells that may cause rare cases of the disorder exhibit cytology and morphology features of both of the latter two mucosal cell types.
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A cheap, cost-effective and practical alternative in poorer countries is visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). Instituting and sustaining cytology-based programs in these regions can be difficult, due to the need for trained personnel, equipment and facilities and difficulties in follow-up. With VIA, results and treatment can be available on the same day. As a screening test, VIA is comparable to cervical cytology in accurately identifying precancerous lesions.
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Cytology, embryology, anatomy and biosystematics were the subjects she lectured in. Her main areas of interest included cytotaxonomy and embryology, especially of Iridaceae. Clivia miniata The cytology of the Proteaceae and the Aizoaceae as well as the embryology of several genera were her first research contributions, followed by the taxonomy of Iridaceae. In 1972 the Journal of South African Botany published her morphology and taxonomy of the genus Romulea.
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Phosphatase activity in glandular structures of carnivorous plant traps, International Botanical Congress Vienna, P1716, The Jagiellonian Univ., Inst. of Botany, Dept. of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Krakow, Poland.
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Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences () is a research institute based in Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1957.
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Although CSK is usually identifiable by the appearance of the eye and the breed of the affected dog, cytology will reveal the presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells.
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American Journal of Botany 78(6, supplement): 200–201. This high number is thought to reflect paleopolyploidy (likely 8x or 16x).Cytology of Nepenthes. LMU Department für Biologie.
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Rosendahl holds a PhD and BSc in Natural Science with specialization in Radiation Biophysics, Cytology and Genetics and speaks 7 languages (German, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, Russian).
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From 1953 he worked as a senior university lecturer in botany. He wrote scientific papers on mycology and experimental cytology. He was a Roman Catholic."Philip G. Fothergill".
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In 1993, Professor Ploem held the Erica Wachtel Medal Lecture at the British Society for Clinical Cytology meeting. In 1994, the European Society for Analytical Cellular Pathology established a Conference Keynote “Ploem” Lecture for invited scientists at its future general meetings. The International Society of Analytical Cytology invited Professor Ploem to present its inaugural “Robert Hooke” lecture. In 1995, he was invited by the Royal Microscopical Society to give the inaugural CYTO lecture.
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The diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis may require a biopsy.subscription required Other possible diagnostic steps include: positive tuberculin test, chest radiograph, CT scan, cytology/biopsy (FNAC), AFB staining, and mycobacterial culture.
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Cytology and morphology of Elymus hoffmanni (Poaceae: Triticeae): A new species from the Erzurum Province of Turkey. International Journal of Plant Sciences 157(6) 750-58. such as Pseudoroegneria spicata.Elymus hoffmannii.
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The broom is not as good a collection device, since it is much less effective at collecting endocervical material than the spatula and brush. The broom is used more frequently with the advent of liquid-based cytology, although either type of collection device may be used with either type of cytology. The sample is stained using the Papanicolaou technique, in which tinctorial dyes and acids are selectively retained by cells. Unstained cells cannot be seen with a light microscope.
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Her cytology research primarily concerned bowfin (Amia calva) and the lateral cell lines of these bony fish. She also worked on the cytology of the germ cells of certain hydroids, and published papers describing her findings in the academic journal, Biological Bulletin. Beckwith's teaching career at Vassar College began when she was appointed an assistant professor in 1900. She was later named a full professor and was chair of the zoology department when she retired in 1940.
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The best sputum samples contain very little saliva,Clinical Microbiology procedures handbook, American Society for Microbiology 2nd Ed. 2007 update as saliva contaminates the sample with oral bacteria. This is especially true for samples for lab testing in cytology or microbiology. Specimen adequacy is assessed by the laboratory technologists by examining a Gram stain or cytology stain of the sputum. More than 25 squamous epithelial cells at low power magnification exam with the microscope strongly suggests salivary contamination.
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In 1802, Mirbel published his treatise Traité d'anatomie et de physiologie végétale which established his position as a founder of cytology, plant histology and plant physiology in France. He proposed that all plant tissue is modified from parenchyma (supporting tissue). His observation, in 1809, that each plant cell is contained in a continuous membrane, remains a central contribution to cytology. In 1803, Mirbel obtained the post of superintendent of the gardens of Napoleon's Château de Malmaison.
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Research on B. subtilis has been at the forefront of bacterial molecular biology and cytology, and the organism is a model for differentiation, gene/protein regulation, and cell cycle events in bacteria.
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Systematics and Chromosome Cytology of Eleutherine Herbert (Iridaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 78, No. 4 (1991), pp. 942-949. Rahenna described a subspecies in 1965: E. bulbosa subsp. citriodora.
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Ultrasound is the often chosen to examine the duct and determine the presence and size of any cysts or abnormalities. Fine-needle aspiration cytology can also be used to confirm the diagnosis.
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The International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology is a scientific book series that publishes articles on plant and animal cell biology. Until 2008 it was known as the International Review of Cytology.
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Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding () is a research institute in Krasnoobsk, Russia. It was founded in 1926. In 2015, the institute became a branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics.
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Radek received a Diploma in biology from the University of Bonn in 1985. She received her PhD in 1987 at the University of Bonn's Institute of Cytology, supervised by Karl-Ernst Wohlfarth-Bottermann (de).
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Flora of North America, Bradburia hirtella Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 250. 1842. Semple, J. C. and C. C. Chinnappa. 1984. Observations on the cytology, morphology, and ecology of Bradburia hirtella (Compositae–Astereae).
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In 1981 she earned a Doctor of Sciences Ph.D.; her Thesis was titled: "The role of behavior in the transformation of silver foxes during domestication" also from the Institute of Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk.
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Cytology of chylous fluids, aspirated abdominal nodes or lymphatic masses can also be diagnostic. Diagram 1 outlines a proposed algorithm for the diagnosis of LAM.Diagram 1. Outlines a proposed algorithm for the diagnosis of LAM.
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Evaluations of hematuria that do not reveal pathology require follow up. A urinary cytology may be helpful. A urinalysis should be repeated once a year. Follow up can be discontinued after two consecutive negative urinalyses.
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Journal of Cytology is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal published on behalf of the Indian Academy of Cytologists. The journal publishes articles on the subject of clinical and diagnostic cytology and applied cell research. It is indexed by Abstracts on Hygiene and Communicable Diseases, CAB Abstracts, Caspur, CINAHL, DOAJ, EBSCO, Expanded Academic ASAP, JournalSeek, Global Health, Google Scholar, Health & Wellness Research Center, Health Reference Center Academic, Hinari, Index Copernicus, Journal Citation Reports, OpenJGate, Science Citation Index Expanded, SCOLOAR, Scopus, SIIC databases, and Ulrich's Periodicals Directory.
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Brushes used to collect samples for cytology. Liquid-based cytology is a method of preparing samples for examination in cytopathology. The sample is collected, normally by a small brush, in the same way as for a conventional smear test, but rather than the smear being transferred directly to a microscope slide, the sample is deposited into a small bottle of preservative liquid. At the laboratory, the liquid is treated to remove other elements such as mucus before a layer of cells is placed on a slide.
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The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references. Version: 12 August 2014The Plant List, Tetrachaete elionuroides Chiov.
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His master studies were focused on "the cytology of microsporogenesis of raspberry hybrids". Alexopoulos received his M.Sc. degree in 1928. Alexopoulos got a Ph.D. degree in 1932 based on his research entitled "Pycnidial Fungi from Vitis".
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Jay Parkash Yadav (born January 01, 1964) is an Indian biologist and professor of genetics best known for his research on genetics. He was awarded Prof. R.P. Roy Young Scientist by Society of Cytology and Genetics, India.
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But, even this primitive apparatus got results, and attracted the attention of other researchers. Many of the advances in analytical cytology from the 1940s and on-wards were made by people who made the pilgrimage to Stockholm.
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Both of those degrees were in biology with concentrations in genetics and cytology. While at UVA, he spent summers at the Blandy Experimental Farm. He did postdoctoral work at Bussey Institution and Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University.
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Finally, to achieve a definitive diagnosis before deciding on treatment, a fine needle aspiration cytology test is usually performed and reported according to the Bethesda system. In adults without symptoms, screening for thyroid cancer is not recommended.
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Mem: Soc Study Evolution; Am Col Legal Med; Int Acad Path Res: Cytopathology; forensic cytology; paleocytopathology. Mailing Add: Dept of Biol Univ of Chicago Chicago IL 60637. Nabi was supposedly born in 1910 in La Paz, Bolivia.
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Under the latter's influence, the journal accepted a growing number of papers in the relatively new discipline of cytology, now usually termed cell biology.Pantin CFA. (1965) J. R. Baker, Editor 1946 to 1964 Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 106: 1–2 (accessed 18 April 2008) After Pantin's retirement in 1960, the scope of the journal was refocused on the field of cytology, which the editors defined as "Everything that relates directly to the structure, chemical composition, physical nature, and functions of animal and plant cells, or to the techniques that are used in cytological investigations".
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Dr. Laverty also evaluated new slide making and reading technologies, leading to improved Pap smear reporting accuracy and published some of the very first trials of ThinPrep and CytoRich, technologies which are now widely used throughout the world. In 1982, he founded Dr Colin Laverty and Associates, a private pathology practice which provided specialised services in gynaecological cytology and histopathology. Approximately 200,000 Pap smears were processed annually. The practice provided referring general practitioners and gynaecologists with a great deal of educational material (newsletters, feedback on smear quality etc.) aimed at improving standards in cytology.
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Today she coordinates educational activities at the experimental fox farm at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Novosibirsk, Russia. Trut was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2020.
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While at Agnes Scott, MacDougall studied protozoology and cytology. She studied the polyploid and diploid of chilodonella uncinata, as well as mutation inheritances found in them. MacDougall also researched the chromosomes of plasmodium, avian malaria and neuromotors of chlamydodon.
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A 1984 medical paper published in Obstetrics and Gynecology by colposcopist Bill McIndoe, pathologist Jock McLean and gynaecologist Ron Jones, who were all employed at NWH and colleagues of Green, as well as statistician Peter Mullins, described a study of 948 women who had been diagnosed with cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS) at New Zealand's National Women's Hospital from 1955 to 1976.W McIndoe, M McLean, R Jones & P Mullins, 'The Invasive Potential of Carcinoma in situ of the Cervix' Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol 64, Oct 1984, 451-8. The authors retrospectively divided the women with CIS into two groups: those with normal cytology follow-up at two years after initial management (817) and those who continued to have abnormal cytology (positive smears) (131). Among those who continued to have abnormal cytology, a much higher proportion developed invasive cervical or vaginal vault cancer (22% versus 1.5% over five to 28 years).
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HSIL does not mean that cancer is present. Of all women with HSIL results, 2%Massad LS; Collins YC; Meyer PM. Biopsy correlates of abnormal cervical cytology classified using the Bethesda system. Gynecologic Oncology. 2001 Sep;82(3):516-22.
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The Nasal Provocation Test (NPT or nasal challenge test) is a medical procedure indicated for help the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis. NPT may be monitored by clinical scores, rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, nasal smear cytology and/or spirometry.
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A new species of Halisarca (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Caribbean, with remarks on the cytology and affinities of the genus. In: Jones WC (ed) European contributions to the taxonomy of sponges. Publications of the Sherkin Island Marine Station. 1, 5-12.
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It is descriptive and functional. Basically, it covers the gross anatomy and the microscopic (histology and cytology) of living beings. It involves both development anatomy (embryology) and the anatomy of the adult. It also includes comparative anatomy between different species.
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In liquid-based cytology, a sample of cells is taken using a small brush. The cells are put it into a container of liquid, and analysed for abnormalities. Cervical cells to be tested for HPV are collected in a similar way.
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Harry Hamilton Laughlin was born March 11, 1880 in Oskaloosa, Iowa. He graduated from the First District Normal School (now Truman State University) in Kirksville, Missouri. In 1917, he earned a Doctor of Science from Princeton University in the field of cytology.
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In addition, R. juglandis has been found to infest the Arizona walnut Juglans major in the southwestern United States and Mexico.Bush GL (1966) The taxonomy, cytology, and evolution of the genus Rhagoletis in North America. Bull Mus Comp Zool 134:431-456.
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Introduction To Cytology. New York: McGraw Hill, p. 24. Protoplasts can be generated by stripping the cell wall from plant, bacterial, or fungal cells by mechanical, chemical or enzymatic means. Protoplasts differ from spheroplasts in that their cell wall has been completely removed.
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L. W. Sharp. His thesis was on the development of normal and abnormal chloroplasts in maize, which was completed under Prof. Sharp's direction in 1921. He then studied cytology with Lester in the Botany Department and minored in Plant Breeding with Emerson.
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The elaters are yellowish, often branches, and varying in size and form. The slender green capsules, when produced in large numbers, resemble grass tufts. Mature spores are necessary for species determination. The cytology of P. laevis has been subject to considerable study.
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If aspirating the contents of a cyst, the aspirate is usually not sent for cytology unless it is bloody. If the cyst is not detectable by touch, it may be located using ultrasound, MRI, or stereotactic mammography. Recovery time from an outpatient FNA is minimal.
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In May 1922, he published 'Cytology of Chlorophyll Types of Maize' in the Botanical Gazette, Vol. 73, No. 5, pp. 337–375.Edmund Vincent Cowdry (Editor)US Dept. of Agriculture Then he started working as Prof. Sharp's teaching assistant in the winter term of 1922.
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As most of the literature was in German, she passed Junior and Senior Diploma in German Language at Arts College, Osmania University,in the year 1963 - 65 for a period of 3 years. Her area of specialization is Hydrobiology, Phycology, Cytology and Ultrastructure Ecology.
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This commemorative has many photographs of Timofeev-Resovskij.Ratner, V. A. Session in Memory of N. V. Timofeev-Resovskij in the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences [In Russian], Vestnik VOGis Article 4, No. 15 (2000).
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He also held positions of Assistant Professor at Baylor College of Medicine, computational scientist at Amgen Inc., visiting scientist at Supercomputer Center, Florida State University, Visiting Professor at ITBA (Milan, Italy) and a group leader at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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62 In 1931 he began writing the book that would establish his reputation, Recent Advances in Cytology. It was published in 1932, and created a firestorm of controversy at first, then nearly universal acceptance as a work of the first rank. He showed that the mechanisms of evolution that acted at the level of the chromosome created possibilities far more rich than the simple mutations and deletions that affect single genes. His now remarkable determination and achievement saw him become Director of the cytology department in 1937, and he became director of the Innes two years later, just 15 years after his arrival as an unpaid volunteer.
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Efficacy of mitomycin gel was evaluated using urine cytology (a test to look for abnormal cells in a subjects's urine), ureteroscopy (an examination of the upper urinary tract) and biopsy (if warranted) three months following the initiation of therapy. The primary endpoint was complete response at three months following initiation of therapy. A complete response was found in 41 of the 71 subjects (58%) following six treatments of mitomycin gel administered weekly. Durability of the effect of mitomycin gel in subjects with a complete response was also evaluated using urine cytology, ureteroscopy and biopsy (if warranted) every three months for a year following the initiation of therapy.
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Schmitt, Fernando. "Thyroid Cytology: Is FNA Still The Best Diagnostic Approach?"International Journal of Surgical Pathology, June 2010, vol 18, p.201-204. As thyroid cancer can take up iodine, radioactive iodine is commonly used to treat thyroid carcinomas, followed by TSH suppression by high-dose thyroxine therapy.
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He had among others studied abroad and been a research assistant at the University Botanical Garden from 1929. His main interests were genetics, cytology and evolutionary theory. In 1947 he was promoted to associate professor. He was also a science lecturer at Oslo Public Teachers' College from 1945.
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Jean Baptiste Carnoy Jean Baptiste Carnoy (11 January 1836 – 6 September 1899), born in Rumillies (Belgium), was a Roman Catholic priest and a scientist in the field of cytology. He made the initial explanation of the real nature of the albuminoid membrane, and conducted noted experiments on cellular segmentation.
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Outpatient pharmacy data, allergy data, patient identification correlation, laboratory result data (including surgical pathology reports, cytology and microbiology data, chemistry and hematology data), lab orders data, radiology reports, problem lists, encounters, procedures, and clinical notes are examples of the types of healthcare data that are exchanged using BHIE.
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When looking for cytology there are two main tools available. Use Cytosearch when looking for cytologically-mapped genes or deficiencies, that haven’t been molecularly mapped to the sequence. Use Gbrowse when looking for molecularly mapped sequences, insertions, or Affymetrix probes. There are two main query tools in FlyBase.
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The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology, cellular biology, or cytology.
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At the Innes Centre he studied a species of the grass Spartina (cordgrass) and showed that a suspected hybrid had undergone chromosome doubling in the course of evolution, one of the first demonstrations of this phenomenon. He then went on to do research on chromosome synapsis and crossing-over in higher plants, grasshoppers and mice. Huskins and F. M. Hearne published the first studies on the cytology of the grasshopper in 1935 and in 1936 they published on animal cytology (on chiasma frequencies in mice). The Genetics Society of Canada established the Huskins Memorial Lecture in his honor and there is the C. Leonard Huskins Professor of Botany at University of Wisconsin–Madison.
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Sir James Gray, MC CBE FRS (14 October 1891, London – 14 December 1975, Cambridge, England) was a British zoologist who helped establish the field of cytology. Gray was also known for his work in animal locomotion and the development of experimental zoology. He is known for Gray's Paradox concerning dolphin locomotion.
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A karyological study of 55 species of birds, including karyotypes of 39 species new to cytology. Genetica, 65(1), 39–82. A number, but not all, of extant typical owls seem to have evolved from an ancient shared common ancestor with the Bubo owls.Schmutz, S. M., & Moker, J. S. (1991).
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Ethel Sargant (28 October 1863 – 16 January 1918) was a British botanist who studied both the cytology and morphology of plants. She was one of the first female members of the Linnean Society and the first female in their council, as well as President of the Federation of University Women.
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Accurate histologic diagnosis is critical for treatment planning and patient counseling. Surgically obtained tissue usually is required to make a histologic diagnosis. For certain tumors, a definitive diagnosis can be accomplished by vitreous aspirate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, or suggested by the presence of certain tumor markers in the CSF.
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The white spherical megaspores are 400 to 650 micrometers in diameter, and bear rough-crested ridges that form a hexagonal honeycomb shape. The kidney shaped microspores are 24 to 33 micrometers long, bearing tubercles. It is very similar to I. macrospora, only reliably distinguishable by cytology or through careful megaspore measurement.
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It is an unrare form of cancer that originates in the lymph system and causes the destructive effects in the immune system.Lennert, K. (2012). Malignant Lymphomas Other than Hodgkin’s Disease: Histology, Cytology, Ultrastructure, Immunology. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Springer Science & Business. There are two types of lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
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Oga attended Tokyo Imperial University. He graduated from college in 1909 and entered graduate school, majoring in plant cytology. Oga also began studying lotus. After graduation, he became a botanist in the South Manchuria Railway Zone and was a professor at the Education Institute of the South Manchuria Railway Company.
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She completed a Bachelor of Science in 1938 and a Master of Science in botany in 1939. Her postgraduate research focused on dieback in the pine species Pinus radiata. From 1939 until 1941, she was a research scholar and demonstrator at the university in the field of plant cytology and genetics.
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Conventional Pap staining technique (CPT) in comparison to the modified emergency method (MEM) in cytodiagnosis of Pap smear and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. Ann Biomed Sci 13(2): 23-30. #Sule, E.A., Obaseki, D.E. (2014). A pattern of histological types of breast cancer among various age groups in the Niger Delta.
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She completed a master's degree in 1991, and in 1996 completed a doctorate at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Nobosibirsk. Her work at the institute involved the design of synthetic oligonucleotides and, separately, the use of oligopeptide frequency data to classify proteins.
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De Boer, L. E. M., & Sinoo, R. P. (1984). A karyological study of Accipitridae (Aves: Falconiformes), with karyotypic descriptions of 16 species new to cytology. Genetica, 65(1), 89–107. The booted eagle subfamily all have feathers covering their legs and may be found to some extent on every continent that contains accipitrids.
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Although conjunctival scrapes for cytology can be useful in detecting chlamydial and fungal infections, allergy, and dysplasia, they are rarely done because of the cost and the general dearth of laboratory staff experienced in handling ocular specimens. Conjunctival incisional biopsy is occasionally done when granulomatous diseases (e.g., sarcoidosis) or dysplasia are suspected.
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His major scientific work Hétérogénie was published in 1859. He also wrote a layperson's encyclopedia The Universe, published in 1870, which gives an overview of the sciences, but in which Pouchet ridicules Louis Pasteur's theories (calling them panspermism) and atomic theory. In 1847, Pouchet effectively launched the study of the physiology of cytology.
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Winifred Mary Curtis AM (15 June 1905 – 14 October 2005) was a British-born Australian botanist, author and a pioneer researcher in plant embryology and cytology who played a prominent role in the department of botany at the University of Tasmania (UTAS), where the main plant science laboratory is named in her honor.
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There she instituted the first department for experimental cytology in Germany. She worked at the University for almost 10 years before receiving an official professorship in 1929. Her work was interrupted yet again with the rise of Hitlerism in 1933, when she was stripped of her professorship. She died in Berlin in 1935.
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The activities of the Department of Pathology comprise diagnostic services, research and teaching. The Department offers histopathology, cytology, immunopathology and autopsy services in neurosciences and cardiovascular and thoracic specialties. The neuroscience diagnostics encompass neuro-oncology, epilepsy pathology, muscle and nerve pathology and neuroimmunology. The cardiovascular diagnostics include valvular, vascular and tumor pathology.
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Canine histiocytoma cytology A histiocytoma originates from epidermal Langerhans cells of antigen-presenting cell lineage. Spontaneous regression is common in these tumors, and it is mediated by infiltration of CD8-expressing T cells followed by expression of Type 1 T helper cell cytokines (such as Interferon-gamma) and recruitment of antitumour effector cells.
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On cytology, C. fetus appears as a gram-negative rod. A distinguishing feature of C. fetus is the unique "S-shape" of the rod that may resemble thin, helical spirochetes. C. fetus are flagellated and motile, non-spore forming and anaerobic organisms. C. fetus is also both catalase and oxidase-positive, but nonfermentative.
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His postgraduate training and research continued at the Perinatal Biology Center, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, Southern California; Molecular Biology and Tissue Cytology Laboratory, Jerry "L" Pettis Veterans Administration Hospital, Loma Linda, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Perinatal Biology, College of Medicine, Loma Linda University (with specialization in maternal fetal medicine); and College of Medicine, University of South Florida. Research Interest Basic Science: Gap junction physiology, cell-to- cell communication modulated by connexin protein, tissue cytology, molecular biology and prenatal biology. Clinical Interest: Premature labour, prematurity and high-risk pregnancy, obstetrics ultrasound, prenatal diagnosis and genetics. He has had research publications and abstract presentations in major scientific journals and meetings (Nnamani et al, 1994, Biology of Reproduction, 50, 377-389).
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He became a Bachelor of medical sciences in 1943, an MD in 1949, and after being recruited to work in Radiumhemmet, the university's oncology clinic, docent in radiotherapy and tumor diagnosis in 1968. On his retirement from the Karolinska University Hospital he was awarded the title of professor; he continued as a researcher for another twelve years, at Radiumhemmet and then at the Norwegian Radium Hospital in Oslo. Franzén was trained in hematology-oncology rather than cytology, but pioneered fine-cell aspiration cytology as a method of diagnosing cancer after noticing that he could sometimes recognize metastatic cancer cells in liver biopsies. He also invented a pistol-grip handle to make aspiration of cell samples easier, and a method of trans-rectal sampling of prostate masses.
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In the United States the rate of cervical cancer is 0.1% among women under 20 years of age, so the American Cancer Society as well as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists strongly recommend that screening begin at age 21, regardless of age at sexual initiation or other risk-related behaviors. For healthy women aged 21–29 who have never had an abnormal Pap smear, cervical cancer screening with cervical cytology (Pap smear) should occur every 3 years, regardless of HPV vaccination status. The preferred screening for women aged 30–65 is "co-testing", which includes a combination of cervical cytology screening and HPV testing, every 5 years. However, it is acceptable to screen this age group with a Pap smear alone every 3 years.
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Building on their work and taking notice of the work of Henry G. Kunkel, whose group made the association of higher levels of circulating DNA and lupus, Stroun started studying whether circulating DNA could be associated with malignancies such as cancers in humans. In a 1977 issue of International Review of Cytology, Volume 51, Anker and Stroun wrote that when foreign DNA is transcribed into a cell of a different organism, "this general biological event is related to the uptake by cells of spontaneously released bacterial DNA, thus suggesting the existence of circulating DNA. In view of the malignant transformations obtained with DNA, the oncogenic (cancer-causing) role of circulating DNA is postulated."1977 issue of International Review of Cytology, Volume 51, Anker and Stroun.
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Based on his comparative studies of Indian and U.S. Pacific Cryptonemiaceae, Balakrishnan established two new Genera- Isabbottia and Norrisia. Subsequently, with the help of his doctoral students, he initiated broad based studies on freshwater and marine algae, their systematics, life histories, morphology, cytology and ecology resulting in nationally and internationally recognized contributions. Some examples of his contributions are life history studies in Batrachospermum, studies on taxonomy and reproduction in Solieriaceae, cytology and life history of Indian Scytosiphonaceae, limnology of some of the lakes, algae in relation to water pollution, air borne algae etc. After his superannuation two of his students Professor B. B. Chaugule and Professor V. R. Gunale followed the path set by him while paying attention to current developments in Algology.
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Der Züchter. 5: 133–140. German abstract available G. D. Karpechenko specialized in plant cytology and created several hybrids. Among his contributions is his seminal work on allopolyploids, culminating in his creation of a fertile offspring of radishes and cabbages, the first instance of a new species obtained through polyploid speciation during experimental crossbreeding.
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Pleural fluid cytology is positive in 60% of cases. However, in the remaining cases, pleural biopsy is required. Image guided biopsy and thoracoscopy have largely replaced blind biopsy due to their greater sensitivity and safety profile. CT guided biopsy has a sensitivity of 87% compared to Abrams' needle biopsy, which has a sensitivity of 47%.
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They had a son Johan Schreiner, and through another son Fredrik Schreiner they had the grandson Per Schreiner. He took his examen artium in 1892 and graduated with the cand.med. degree in 1899. He then studied histology, embryology and cytology for one year in Würzburg, one year in Prague and half a year in Liège.
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In the thalamus and basal ganglia, germinoma is the most common GCT. The diagnosis of an intracranial germinoma usually is based on biopsy, as the features on neuroimaging appear similar to other tumors. Cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid often is studied to detect metastasis into the spine. This is important for staging and radiotherapy planning.
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Polymorphism crosses several discipline boundaries, including ecology and genetics, evolution theory, taxonomy, cytology, and biochemistry. Different disciplines may give the same concept different names, and different concepts may be given the same name. For example, there are the terms established in ecological genetics by E.B. Ford (1975),Ford, E. B. 1975. Ecological Genetics (4th ed.).
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From 1914 to 1916, Blackburn was a lecturer in botany at the Southlands Training College, Battersea, London. She was appointed a lecturer in botany at Armstrong College, Newcastle upon Tyne, in 1918, made Reader in Cytology in 1947. She was Supervisor of Research in the Department of Botany in 1949, and retired in 1957.
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In 1963, he became Director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G;) in Novosibirsk, and held that position until his death. Under his leadership, according to one source, "the institute became a center of basic and applied research in both classical genetics and modern molecular genetics." He was appointed an academician in 1973.
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Boechera holboellii, or Holbøll's rockcress, is a species of plant in the family Brassicaceae. Its cytology has been much studied by the Danish botanist Tyge W. Böcher. Circumscription of this species has varied, with earlier works treating it as a widespread, polymorphic species with several varieties,Rollins, R.C., 1993. The Cruciferae of Continental North America.
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A karyological study of Accipitridae (Aves: Falconiformes), with karyotypic descriptions of 16 species new to cytology. Genetica, 65(1), 89-107. The booted eagle subfamily all have feathers covering their legs and are distributed in every continent that contains accipitrids. The genus Aquila has been traditionally defined as largish, dark-hued and long-winged eagles of open country.
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The two types of epithelia meet at the squamocolumnar junction. Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause changes in the epithelium, which can lead to cancer of the cervix. Cervical cytology tests can often detect cervical cancer and its precursors, and enable early successful treatment. Ways to avoid HPV include avoiding sex, using condoms, and HPV vaccination.
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Mandayam Osuri Parthasarathy Iyengar (15 December 1886–10 December 1963) was a prominent Indian botanist and phycologist who researched the structure, cytology, reproduction and taxonomy of Algae. He is known as the "father of Indian phycology" or "father of algology in India". He was the first President of Phycological Society of India. He primarily studied spirogyra.
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He then served as department head of the Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Cytogenetics Laboratory, studying quantitative cytology and histology at the teaching hospital of Strasbourg. From 1980 to 2007 Yves Rumpler taught at the Institute of Embryology in the University of Strasbourg. He has received an honorary doctorate from the Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany.
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He was the founder, the first chief director and honorary director of the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was a pioneer of Chinese cytology, embryology and the founder of Chinese biophysics. He was considered the "Father of Chinese Biophysics". The asteroid 31065 Beishizhang was named in his honour on the occasion of his 100th birthday.
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During her graduate career, she specialized in plant cytology and agricultural bacteriology under the supervision of Charles E. Allen and W.D. Frost. A fellow student, Robert E. Duncan was also studying in Allen’s lab. She was married to Robert E. Duncan and had a daughter, Dana Duncan. Both she and Robert worked at the University of Wisconsin at Madison.
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The Terminologia Histologica (TH) is the controlled vocabulary for use in cytology and histology. In April 2011, Terminologia Histologica was published online by the Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies (FIPAT), the successor of FCAT. It was intended to replace Nomina Histologica. The Nomina Histologica was introduced in 1977, with the fourth edition of Nomina Anatomica.
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Kathleen Bever Blackburn, (1892–1968) was a British botanist best remembered for the 1923 discovery that plant cells have sex chromosomes. Her principal contributions were in plant cytology and genetics. She was also a pioneer of pollen analysis. She taught botany at Armstrong College, Durham University (later renamed King's College, now Newcastle University) from 1918 to 1957.
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Kew Bulletin 12: 425-427Bor, N. L. 1960. Grass. Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan i–767. Pergamon Press, OxfordGrassbase - The World Online Grass FloraWatson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1992 onwards. The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references.
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Cytopathology is generally used on samples of free cells or tissue fragments (in contrast to histopathology, which studies whole tissues) and cytopathologic tests are sometimes called smear tests because the samples may be smeared across a glass microscope slide for subsequent staining and microscopic examination. However, cytology samples may be prepared in other ways, including cytocentrifugation.
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Safranin (also Safranin O or basic red 2) is a biological stain used in histology and cytology. Safranin is used as a counterstain in some staining protocols, colouring cell nuclei red. This is the classic counterstain in both Gram stains and endospore staining. It can also be used for the detection of cartilage, mucin and mast cell granules.
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" Journal of Cytology/Indian Academy of Cytologists 31.2 (2014): 96. Cytologically, the cells of apocrine carcinoma are relatively large, granular, and it has a prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm. (accessed November 3, 2014) When apocrine carcinoma is tested as a “triple negative", it means that the cells of the patient cannot express the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or HER2 receptor.
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B., 1906; A.M., 1907), one of Clarence Erwin McClung's eager students of cytology. An Austin Teaching Fellow of Zoology at Harvard University (Ph.D., 1915), he obtained his doctorate in the laboratory of Edward Laurens Mark. Dr. Robertson was a research scientist of the golden era of classical genetics, a period when the tools were breeding experiments and microscopes.
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Cytopath (FRCPA). He graduated BSc(Med) with honours in 1959, Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery in 1962 and Diploma in Clinical Pathology in 1969Alumni Sidneienses and subsequently obtained by examination Fellowship of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia and a Diploma in Cytology from the same college. While at Sydney University he was awarded a Blue for Rowing.
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Pacific Edge's suite of tests for bladder cancer are called CxBladder, with specialist sub-type products to detect cancerous cells and provide triage for clinicians and oncologists. Their tests samples are non- invasive urine test based on RNA and protein assays, with high sensitivity and earlier detection than other forms of bladder cancer diagnostics like cytology.
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Gregor Mendel (1822–84) is considered the "father of genetics". His experiments with plant hybridization led to his establishing laws of inheritance. Genetics stimulated research to improve crop production through plant breeding. Modern plant breeding is applied genetics, but its scientific basis is broader, covering molecular biology, cytology, systematics, physiology, pathology, entomology, chemistry, and statistics (biometrics).
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Taking unpaid leave from DSIR, Edgar earned a master's degree with her thesis, The Special Characteristics of Some New Zealand cotulas with Particular Reference to their Breeding Systems in 1957 and then finished her PhD. Her doctoral thesis was The Cytology of the Shoot Apex in some Dicotyledons and was completed in 1960 at Canterbury University College.
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The procedures for testing women using Pap smear, liquid- based cytology, or HPV testing are similar. A sample of cells is collected from the cervix using a spatula or small brush. The cells are then checked for any abnormalities. To take the sample of cells, the health care clinician inserts an instrument, called a speculum, inside the vagina.
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Also a promising approach visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) has to be analyzed if considered for public health initiatives. VIA has shown to have in several studies a low specificity compared to cytology and a high rate of false positives.Labani S et al. CareHPV cervical cancer screening demonstration in a rural population of north India.
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Nettie Stevens's microscope, Bryn Mawr College Stevens was one of the first American women to be recognized for her contribution to science. Most of her research was completed at Bryn Mawr College. The highest rank she attained was Associate in Experimental Morphology (1905–1912). At Bryn Mawr, she expanded the fields of genetics, cytology, and embryology.
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SGc is classified based on histopathological presentation, including cytoarchitecture, cytology, and pattern of growth. The lobular variant is the most common histological pattern followed by papillary, comedocarcinoma and mixed. Tumors may be also classified by differentiation, from poor to well differentiated. Well- and moderately differentiated sebaceous carcinoma tend to exhibit vacuolization within the cytoplasm of the tumor cells.
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Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel (27 March 1776 - 12 September 1854) was a French botanist and politician. He was a founder of the science of plant cytology. A native Parisian, at the age of twenty, he became an assistant- naturalist with the French National Museum of Natural History. While there he began to examine plant tissue under a microscope.
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She was a member of the academic staff of Zoology at Meerut College, Meerut(Uttar Pradesh) from 1961 to 1967. She has been writing books for over five decades. She has authored biology books for ISC, CBSE aspirants as well as for several state boards. Her books on Cytology, Genetics, Ecology and evolutionary Biology are very popular at University level all over India.
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Hepler also participated in a multiyear international collaboration with Brian E. S. Gunning. Hepler was an Associate Editor of Protoplasma from 1994-2001 and Associate Editor of Plant Physiology from 1998-2000. He has been on the editorial boards of the Annual Review Plant Physiology, Plant and Cell Physiology, the Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology, Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton, and BioEssays.
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These star-shaped systems are separated by smooth areas and are regularly arranged over the surface of the sponge, which is a bright blue colour in living specimens.Vacelet, J.; Donadey, C. (1987). A new species of Halisarca (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Caribbean, with remarks on the cytology and affinities of the genus. In: Jones WC (ed) European contributions to the taxonomy of sponges.
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He was born on March 23, 1887 in North Danville, Vermont. He studied in Yale University under Alexander Petrunkevitch until 1913. In 1916 he earned a master of science degree in cytology and in 1927 a Ph.D. for cytological studies on the spermatogenesis of insects. He taught at Beloit College from 1913 to 1918 and at Albion College from 1918 to 1957.
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Endocervical curettage (ECC) is a procedure in which the mucous membrane of the cervical canal is scraped using a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette. The procedure is used to test for abnormal, precancerous conditions, or cervical cancer.Moniak CW, Kutzner S, Adam E, Harden J, Kaufman RH. (2000) Endocervical curettage in evaluating abnormal cervical cytology. J Reprod Med. 45(4):285-92.
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Papanicolaou stain showing a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) from a Pap test. Cell nuclei stained blue. Papanicolaou stain (also Papanicolaou's stain and Pap stain) is a multichromatic (multicolored) cytological staining technique developed by George Papanicolaou in 1942. The Papanicolaou stain is one of the most widely used stains in cytology, where it is used to aid pathologists in making a diagnosis.
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In the years 1923-1938 he was a member of the State Council for Nature Conservation. In research he dealt with protozoology, cytology and marine biology. He also conducted research in the field of marine biology and created a rational basis for marine fisheries. He fought for the protection of rare animals, including bison, whales, sturgeon, and many bird species.
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Most commonly histiocytomas are found in young dogs and appear as a small, solitary, hairless lump, although Shar Peis may be predisposed to multiple histiocytomas. They are most commonly found on the head, neck, ears, and limbs, and are usually less than 2.5 cm in diameter. Ulceration of the mass is common. Diagnosis is made through cytology of the mass.
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The hospital provides service in 37 specialities/super specialities and has 55 special clinics. It plans to cater to the healthcare needs of more than 16,000 outpatients in addition to the existing number of 18,000 and 3,500 inpatients every month. The new facility offers services in Haematology, Biochemistry, Clinical Pathology, Cytology & Histopathology, Microbiology & Serology, Radio diagnosis & Imaging, Immunology, and Immuno-histochemistry.
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The diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology of palpable breast masses in Benin City, Nigeria. West Afri J Med; 29(4): 259-262. #Nzegwu, M.A.; Akhiwu, W.; Nzegwu, C.O.; Ngozi, I.; Banjo, A.A.F.; Aligbe, J.U.; Obaseki, D.E., (2011). Analysis of Patterns of Morbidity and Mortality amongst Pedestrians involved in Road Traffic Accident in Benin-City, Nigeria, between August 2003-July 2004.
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When examined with transmission electron microscopy, pyrenoids appear as electron dense structures. The pyrenoid matrix, composed primarily of RuBisCO, is often traversed by thylakoids, which are in continuity with stromal thylakoids. In Porphyridium, these transpyrenoidal thylakoids are naked;Brody, M., & Vatter, A. E. (1959). Observations on cellular structures of Porphyridium cruentum. The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology,5(2), 289-294.
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The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology, 3(3), 463-488. Unlike carboxysomes, pyrenoids are not delineated by a protein shell (or membrane). A starch sheath is often formed or deposited at the periphery of pyrenoids, even when that starch is synthesised in the cytosol rather than in the chloroplast.Wilson, S., West, J., Pickett‐Heaps, J., Yokoyama, A., & Hara, Y. (2002).
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Laurence Ernest Rowland Picken (16 July 1909 – 16 March 2007) was an ethnomusicologist and scientist.Music and tradition : essays on Asian and other musics presented to Laurence Picken / edited by D.R. Widdess and R.F. Wolpert, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1981, i-ix. He had a wide research interest, and published works on cytology, biochemistry, musicology, Turkish musical instruments, and ancient Chinese and Japanese music.
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Hooker's Icones Plantarum, vol 24, plate. 2333 + subsequent text page fold-out line drawing of Trilobachne cookei (labelled as Polytoca cookei), with description in Latin on subsequent pageWatson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1992 onwards. The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references.
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Hsu is the author or co-author of more than 400 scientific articles on Archaeology, Cancer, Chronon Physics, Climatology, Cosmology, Cytology, Epistemology, Evolution, Fractal Geometry, Gaia, Geology, Heliobiology, History, Hydro-Physics, Languages, Marine Biology, Mathematics, Marine Biology, Music, Oceanography, Palaeontology, Paleoclimatology, Philosophy, Politics, Religion and Symbiogenesis. A complete list of articles by Kenneth Hsu is available at the Kenneth J. Hsu Official Site .
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The laboratories at the St. Boniface Hospital operate under the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority's Laboratory Medicine Program; St. Boniface is one of the two main referral sites in the WRHA for specialty tests. They run tests in biochemistry, hematology, immunology, microbiology, cytology and pathology for patients and doctors in Manitoba. They also provide some specialized testing facilities for educational institutions.
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Carl Franz Robinow (10 April 1909 - 20 October 2006) was a German researcher in bacterial and fungal cytology. He studied medicine in Freiburg and Vienna, obtained his M.D. in Hamburg in 1934. Following formative research experience in Denmark, England, and the U.S. he came to Canada in 1949 and worked in Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Ontario.
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Most of the cases reported have associated endometriosis or an adenosarcoma arising from an endometriotic area, but the direct relation between this tumor and endometriosis has not been made clear in the literature.Shakuntala, P. N., Umadevi, K., Usha, A., Abhilasha, N., & Bafna, U. D. (2012). Primary ovarian adenosarcoma with elevated Ca-125 levels and normal ascitic fluid cytology: a case report and review of literature. ecancermedicalscience, 6.
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Ernest Everett Just (August 14, 1883 – October 27, 1941) was a pioneering African-American biologist, academic and science writer. Just's primary legacy is his recognition of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the development of organisms. In his work within marine biology, cytology and parthenogenesis, he advocated the study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than simply breaking them apart in a laboratory setting.
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The pathology department has among the oldest continuously accredited CAP laboratories in the US, having been accredited since 1964. Over 6 million clinical tests, 23000 surgical specimens, and 7000 cytology specimens are processed annually. The department also has an accredited ACGME residency program in pathology and is a member of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. In 2015, Quest took over operations of the laboratory.
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CT screening is associated with a high rate of falsely positive tests which may result in unneeded treatment. For each true positive scan there are about 19 falsely positives scans. Other concerns include radiation exposure and the cost of testing along with follow up. Research has not found two other available tests—sputum cytology or chest radiograph (CXR) screening tests—to have any benefit.
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Compared to other genera, Isoetes is poorly known. Even after studies with cytology, scanning electron microscopy, and chromatography, species are difficult to identify and their phylogeny is disputed. Vegetative characters commonly used to distinguish other genera, such as leaf length, rigidity, color, or shape are variable and depend on habitat. Most classification systems for Isoetes rely on spore characteristics, which make species identification nearly impossible without microscopy.
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He became an acting Professor of Zoology there in 1903 - 1905 whilw Howe was in poor health. In 1906 he was appointed the Professor of Experimental and Pathological Cytology and Director of the Cancer Research Laboratories at the University of Liverpool, retiring in 1908. Walker moved with him to Liverpool as Assistant Director. The Mrs Sutton Timmis Memorial Fund initially supported their work on cancer.
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This may result in unnecessary discomfort. A number of studies have shown that using a small amount of water- based gel lubricant does not interfere with, obscure, or distort the Pap smear. Further, cytology is not affected, nor are some STD testing. The health care worker begins by inserting a speculum into the woman's vagina, which spreads the vagina open and allows access to the cervix.
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Although one may divide microscopic anatomy into organology, the study of organs, histology, the study of tissues, and cytology, the study of cells, modern usage places these topics under the field of histology. In medicine, histopathology is the branch of histology that includes the microscopic identification and study of diseased tissue. In the field of paleontology, the term paleohistology refers to the histology of fossil organisms.
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Initial assessment may be made based on clinical signs of VAD. Conjunctival impression cytology can be used to assess the presence of xerophthalmia which is strongly correlated with VAD status (and can be used to monitor recovery progress). Several methods of assessing bodily vitamin A levels are available, with HPLC the most reliable. Measurement of plasma retinol levels is a common laboratory assay used to diagnose VAD.
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Warren Harmon Lewis (June 17, 1870 - July 3, 1964) was an American embryologist and cell biologist. He was an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society. He served as president of the American Association of Anatomists and the International Society for Experimental Cytology, and held honorary memberships in the Royal Microscopical Society in London and Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in Rome.
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While disc assembly is mostly genetically controlled, disc shedding and the subsequent RPE phagocytosis appear to be regulated by environmental factors like light and temperature.Nguyen-Legros, J., & Hicks, D. (2000). "Renewal of photoreceptor outer segments and their phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelium", International Review of Cytology, 196, 245-313. Circadian rhythms that use neuromodulators such as adenosine, dopamine, glutamate, serotonin, and melatonin, rhythmically control disc shedding.
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Emberger's scientific contributions cover four main areas of research, cytology, biogeography, comparative morphology and phylogeny, and biosystematics. His cytological work focussed on the ferns, horsetails, and the lycopods. His biogeographical work concentrated on the vegetation of the Mediterranean basin and in particular the western High Atlas region of Morocco. He published work on the distribution and classification of Moroccan flora, in particular, halfah grass (Stipa tenacissima).
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He also was an instructor in botany, until 1923, when Prof. Emerson recommended Randolph to get a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) appointment at Cornell to investigate corn chromosome cytology. He started working as cytologist (cell biologist) with the Office of Cereal Investigations, for the USDA, Several other graduate students, including George Beadle, and Marcus Rhoades, were also supported at Cornell by USDA funds.
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The Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology is a quarterly peer-reviewed open-access medical journal published on behalf of the Indian Association of Pathologists and Microbiologists. It was established in 1958 as the Indian Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, obtaining its current title in 1965. It covers all aspects of pathology (including surgical pathology, cytology, and hematology), and microbiology (including bacteriology, virology, and parasitology).
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Although the replication and transcription of DNA is highly standardized in eukaryotes, the same cannot be said for their karyotypes, which are highly variable. There is variation between species in chromosome number, and in detailed organization, despite their construction from the same macromolecules. This variation provides the basis for a range of studies in evolutionary cytology. In some cases there is even significant variation within species.
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Their main aims are to characterize the risk of malignancy of nodules to better select nodules to submit to fine-needle aspiration cytology. Another imaging modality, which is ultrasound elastography, is also useful in diagnosing thyroid malignancy especially for follicular thyroid cancer. However, it is limited by the presence of adequate amount of normal tissue around the lesion, calcified shell around a nodule, cystic nodules, coalescent nodules.
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Common diagnostic methods include physical examination, x-rays, ultrasounds, cytology, blood tests, urine tests, and nuclear scans. Depending on the type of cancer and its level of progress, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy may be used to treat the cancer. Although research into causes and treatment of feline cancers has been slow, there have been advances in radiation therapy, as well as newer and improved chemotherapy procedures.
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A fine needle aspiration of a sample of thyroid tissue may be taken in order to evaluate a lesion seen on ultrasound which is then sent for histopathology and cytology. Computed tomography of the thyroid plays an important role in the evaluation of thyroid cancer. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CT scans often incidentally find thyroid abnormalities, and thereby practically becomes the first investigation modality.
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Many other animal species may also be "pied" or piebald including, but not limited to, birds and squirrels. Snakes, especially ball pythons and corn snakes, may also exhibit seemingly varying patches of completely pigmentless scales along with patches of pigmented scales. In 2013, a piebald blood python was discovered in Sumatra. Some domesticated foxes born from the Russian Institute of Cytology and Genetics also carry this coloring.
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Cytology of an anal sac adenocarcinoma An anal sac adenocarcinoma is an uncommon and aggressive malignant tumor found in dogs that arises from the apocrine glandular tissue of anal sac. The disease exists in cats as well, but is much less common in that species. They are the second most common cancerous cause of hypercalcaemia (high serum calcium) in dogs, following T-cell lymphoma.
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Dr Laverty graduated in medicine from Sydney University and then trained in pathology at Royal Prince Alfred and King George V Hospitals in Sydney, as well at St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, in the United Kingdom. He specialised early in gynaecological cytology and histopathology and became a Staff Specialist Pathologist at the Royal Women’s Hospital in Melbourne and later at King George V Hospital for Mothers and Babies in Sydney. He co- authored more than 50 scientific articles and was a frequent and often invited speaker at medical conferences in Australia and internationally. During his career Dr Laverty was for many years a member of the Advisory Committee to the Australian National Cervical Screening Program, multiple New South Wales Cancer Council Committees, the Committee of the Australian Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology and the Continuing Education, Quality Assurance and Evolving Technologies Committees of the International Academy of Cytology.
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Casimir Domz, performed the first successful bone marrow transplant in a patient with an immune deficiency. The studies on diet and nutrition by Alfred Koehler, focused on the role fat and cholesterol play in degenerative diseases and were 20 years ahead of their time in showing a relationship between cholesterol and arteriosclerosis. Francis and Marianna Masin were pioneers in the field of cytology, studying cells in relation to various cancers.
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Joseph Nelson Rose described Echeveria runyonii in 1935, named in honour of Texas amateur botanist Robert Runyon. Runyon had collected the type specimen from a Matamoros, Tamaulipas garden in 1922. Wild populations were unknown until 1990, when one was discovered by the staff of Yucca Do Nursery. The cytology of Echeveria species is helpful in identification, as many species can be very variable in appearance; E. runyonii has 14 chromosomes.
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The colposcope, an instrument used to see a magnified view of the cervix, was invented in 1925. The Pap smear was developed by Georgios Papanikolaou in 1928. A LEEP procedure using a heated loop of platinum to excise a patch of cervical tissue was developed by Aurel Babes in 1927. In some parts of the developed world including the UK, the Pap test has been superseded with liquid-based cytology.
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In 1892 he created the biological term ‘synapsis’. Later in 1905 he would co-publisher the term ‘meiosis’ in collaboration with John Bretland Farmer.J.B. Farmer and J.E.S. Moore, Quarterly Journal of Microscopic Science 48:489 (1905) His scientific interests lay in the new and rapidly developing field of cytology. Between 1892 and 1905 he worked in the Huxley Laboratory at the Royal College of Science on several projects within this field.
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Some species are lethal, and a few are used in biological control of insect pests. Parasitic castration, gigantism, or change of host sex are all potential effects of microsporidian parasitism (in insects). In the most advanced cases of parasitism the microsporidium rules the host cell completely and controls its metabolism and reproduction, forming a xenoma.Ronny Larsson, Lund University (Department of Cell and Organism Biology) Cytology and taxonomy of the microsporidia 2004.
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After graduation he worked in cytology under Professor James Brontë Gatenby, gained his B.Sc. (subsequently transformed into M.Sc.) in 1923, and his Ph.D. in 1924 (this was the first Ph.D. of Trinity College, Dublin). In 1924 he was awarded a Science Research Scholarship for the Exhibition of 1851. Owing to the formation of the Irish Free State, Irish graduates had become eligible for the overseas awards of the Commission.
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Urine cytology is a test that looks for abnormal cells in urine under a microscope. The test commonly checks for infection, inflammatory disease of the urinary tract, cancer, or precancerous conditions. If a cancerous condition is detected, other tests and procedures are usually recommended to diagnose cancers, including bladder cancer, ureteral cancer and cancer of the urethra. It is especially recommended when blood in the urine (hematuria) has been detected.
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The original name of the fluorescence-based flow cytometry technology was "pulse cytophotometry" (German: Impulszytophotometrie), based on the first patent application on fluorescence- based flow cytometry. At the 5th American Engineering Foundation Conference on Automated Cytology in Pensacola (Florida) in 1976 - eight years after the introduction of the first fluorescence-based flow cytometer (1968) - it was agreed to commonly use the name "flow cytometry", a term that quickly became popular.
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Duncan also was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the American Phytopathological Society (APS), and the Botanical Society of America. Both her experience in cytology and her ability to culture diverse wood-inhabiting fungi led to many advances in the fundamental studies in fungal physiology and the interactions observed with plant cell walls. During her career, she published nearly 40 major contributions to the field.
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The Cytology wing was started in 1996. Dr. T. Bhaskara Menon Memorial prize and Dr. Tatachari medal is annually awarded to meritorious students. # Department of Pharmacology # Department of Physiology # Department of Plastic Surgery # Department of Psychiatry # Department of Radiology # Department of Radiotherapy # Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases # Department of Community Medicine: The Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology was established in 1925. Dr. C. Rama Murty was its first professor.
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This was the time that the mechanisms of cell division began to be understood. Eduard Strasburger, Walther Flemming, Heinrich von Waldeyer and the Belgian Edouard Van Beneden laid the basis for the cytology and cytogenetics of the 20th century. Strasburger, the outstanding botanical physiologist of that century, coined the terms nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. He said "new cell nuclei can only arise from the division of other cell nuclei".
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There, focused on the process of meiosis, which she continues to study in her own lab. She adapted FISH methods to study the cytology of chromosome pairing in the worm. In 1998, she published a study documenting how meiosis in the worm is distinct from meiosis in many other eukaryotic organisms. In most eukaryotes, double-strand breaks in the DNA are required for pairing and synapsis between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
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Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Skrifter Naturskyddsarenden Handlingar, 43: 1-64. Rosenberg's writings dealt mainly in cytology and plant embryology and he became very prominent in these fields. In 1917 he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and, in 1925, a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. Rosenberg became a Commander of the Order of the Polar Star, November 22, 1932.
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Coptis teeta is used as a medicinal herb in China and the Eastern Himalayan regions of India particularly in Mishmi Hills of Arunachal Pradesh where it is used as a bitter tonic for treating malarial feverPandit MK, Babu CR, 1993. The cytology and taxonomy of Coptis teeta Wall. (Ranunculaceae). Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, 111 : 371 —378Pandit MK, Babu CR, 1998. Biology and conservation of Coptis teeta Wall.
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Aspiration cytology may be of use in making the diagnosis. CT scans of the abdomen and the rest of the body are normally done to assist in surgical planning. The age at diagnosis of this condition varies between 10 months to 41 years.Vujanić GM, Kelsey A, Perlman EJ, Sandstedt B, Beckwith JB (2007) Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases of a new entity with polyphenotypic features.
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The study also showed that no special techniques were needed to make the staining effective. The dye also does not interfere with PAS or Gram staining. For cytology, Pap-CFW gave a positive response 50 out of 135 times, and for histopathology, it gave a positive response 43 out of 135 for just the CFW stain. The study showed that the staining improved with a pairing of Pap and CFW.
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Infection of synovial structures, such as in fistulous withers, should be cultured. Blood and synovial fluid may be tested for pathogens in the case of infected synovial structures. Both cytology and bacterial culture can be used to help identify the cause of infection. In adult horses, septic arthritis or tenosynovitis are most commonly seen secondary to joint injection, penetrating injury, or following surgery, and are often from Staphylococcus infection.
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UERM Medical Center The UERM Memorial Hospital is the medical center for University of the East Ramon Magsaysay in Quezon City, Philippines. It opened in 1957 The hospital provides psychiatry, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, ambulatory medicine (OPC), rehabilitation medicine, and emergency medicine. Ancillary services are: pathology (clinical, surgical and cytology), radiology, pharmacy, blood bank, cardiopulmonary laboratory, respiratory therapy, GIT-liver study unit, endoscopy unit, neurophysiology laboratory (EEG), audiology and industrial medicine.
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Though rare, domestication has been documented. The most notable case documented is the domestication of the red fox in Novosibirsk, Russia, at the Siberian Institute of Cytology and Genetics. In this study, generations of silver foxes were divided into those with friendly traits and those with unfriendly traits. After 50 years, the friendly foxes developed “dog-like” domesticated traits such as spots, tail wagging, enjoyment of human touch, and barking.
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Nikolay Petrovich Dubinin (January 4, 1907 – March 26, 1998) was a Soviet and Russian biologist and academician. He worked under the supervision of Sergei Chetverikov. He was a Corresponding Member of the Division of Biological Sciences from 1946 and Academician of the Division of the General Biology from 1966. He was a founding member of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G;) in the Russian Academy of Sciences.
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Allen's major contribution to the study of fungi is through the field of plant pathology. Her work on the cytology of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis helped to elucidate the life cycle and pathology of this devastating fungal disease agent of cereal crops. This species has several formae speciales, variations that utilize specific host plants but have identical morphology (Schumann and Leonard, 2000). The life cycle of Puccinia graminis f. sp.
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Anal sac adenocarcinomas are often suspected due to location (palpable masse in anal sac) and behavior, but a biopsy and histopathology is necessary for a definitive diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration and cytology is a common first step. Cytopathology reveals clusters of cells with uniform round nuclei. These cells do not have many of the features usually associated with malignancy, such as a high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio or prominent nucleoli.
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Some animals may experience vaginal secretions that could be bloody. The female is not yet sexually receptive; the old corpus luteum degenerates; the uterus and the vagina distend and fill with fluid, become contractile and secrete a sanguinous fluid; the vaginal epithelium proliferates and the vaginal cytology shows a large number of non-cornified nucleated epithelial cells. Variant terms for proestrus include pro-oestrus, proestrum, and pro-oestrum.
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He became a United States citizen in 1957. Professor Proskauer's thesis research was concerned with the biology and morphology of the British species of the hornwort Anthoceros. Much of his life's work focussed on this group, and in 1951, he recognized and defined the genus Phaeoceros for the first time. He continued to work at Berkeley on the morphology and cytology on the hornworts and also the liverworts.
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Early flow cytometry devices shot beams of light at cells in specific wavelengths and measured the resulting absorbance, fluorescence or light scatter, collecting information about the cells' features and allowing cellular contents such as DNA to be quantified.Melamed, M (2001). pp. 5–6. One such instrument—the Rapid Cell Spectrophotometer, developed by Louis Kamentsky in 1965 to automate cervical cytology—could generate blood cell scattergrams using cytochemical staining techniques.
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Hally Jolivette received her A.B. in 1906 and her A.M. in 1909 — both from the University of Wisconsin — and her Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1912. She taught at the University of Wisconsin (1907–10), Stanford (1910–12), and Washington State College (1912–14). While at the latter institution, she met and in 1915 married the botanist Karl Sax, one of her cytology students. They later had three sons.
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During her career, Sharma published 10 books and between 300 and 400 research papers. She published the book Chromosome Techniques - Theory and Practice in 1965 with her husband, fellow professor Arun Kumar Sharma. She was also the founder of Nucleus, an international journal of cytology and allied topics, and continued to be its editor until 2007. She served on the Editorial boards of Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy.
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Identification of pleural fluid biomarkers to distinguish malignant pleural effusions from other causes of exudative effusions would help diagnosis. Biomarkers that have been shown to be raised in malignant pleural effusions compared to benign disease include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin, matrix metalloproteinases and tumour markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen. Pleural fluid mesothelin has a sensitivity of 71%, greater than that of cytology, and a specificity of 89% for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma.
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Gardner, D. John Goodsir FRS (1814–1867): Pioneer of cytology and microbiology. J Med. Biog. 2015;25:114-122 Virchow's cellular theory was encapsulated in the epigram Omnis cellula e cellula ("all cells (come) from cells"), which he published in 1855. (The epigram was actually coined by François-Vincent Raspail, but popularized by Virchow.) It is a rejection of the concept of spontaneous generation, which held that organisms could arise from nonliving matter.
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If Acanthamoeba are present, they will reproduce readily and become visible on the plate under 10–20 times objective on an inverted microscope. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to confirm a diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis, especially when contact lenses are not involved. Confocal microscopy is a non-invasive technique that allows visualization of Acanthamoeba in vivo in cases in which corneal scraping, culture, and cytology do not yield a diagnosis.
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The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references. Version: 28 November 2005 It is known as tjanpi in central Australia, and is used for basket weaving by the women of various Aboriginal Australian peoples. A multiaccess key (SpiKey) is available as a free app for the Triodias of the Pilbara (28 species and one hybrid).
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Zygochloa is a genus of desert plants in the grass family known only from Australia.Blake, Stanley Thatcher. 1941. Papers from the Department of Biology, University of Queensland Papers 1(19): 7-8, figure 3Tropicos, Zygochloa S.T. BlakeAusgrass2, Grasses of Australia, Zygochloa Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1992 onwards. The grass genera of the world : descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references.
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There she established a department of experimental cell research, the first of its kind in Germany. She received faculty status in the Zoology department at the university in 1920. She was appointed to the medical faculty in 1923, and promoted to Associate Professor with full civil service status in 1929. In April 1930, her department was officially separated and named the Institute of Experimental Cytology (Institut für Experimentell Zellforschung), where she served as director.
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Gall is credited with encouraging women biologists, a group sometimes called "Gall's Gals", in an era when this was relatively uncommon. A number of his former students have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences and won major research prizes including the Nobel Prize. His students have included Joan Argetsinger Steitz, Mary-Lou Pardue, and Elizabeth Blackburn. One of his students who went on to do important work in cytology is Susan Gerbi.
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Mixoploidy is the case where two cell lines, one diploid and one polyploid, coexist within the same organism. Though polyploidy in humans is not viable, mixoploidy has been found in live adults and children. There are two types: diploid-triploid mixoploidy, in which some cells have 46 chromosomes and some have 69, and diploid-tetraploid mixoploidy, in which some cells have 46 and some have 92 chromosomes. It is a major topic of cytology.
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FNA Mapping is an application of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to the testis for the diagnosis of male infertility. FNA cytology has been used to examine pathological human tissue from various organs for over 100 years.Posner C. Die diagnostische Hodenpunktion. Berl Klin Wochenschr 1905;42b:1119-1121 As an alternative to open testicular biopsy for the last 40 years, FNA Mapping has helped to characterize states of human male infertility due to defective spermatogenesis.
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Belyayev died of cancer in 1985. After his death, his experiment was continued by his assistant Lyudmila Trut, who brought international attention to it with a 1999 journal article. In 2017, the sculpture "Dmitriy Belyaev and Domesticated Fox" was built near Institute of Cytology and Genetics (Novosibisrk) in the honor of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyaev. The tamed fox gives the scientist a paw and wags its tail.
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Cells shown with immunostaining observed with a confocal microscope. Cytomics is the study of cell biology (cytology) and biochemistry in cellular systems at the single cell level. It combines all the bioinformatic knowledge to attempt to understand the molecular architecture and functionality of the cell system (Cytome). Much of this is achieved by using molecular and microscopic techniques that allow the various components of a cell to be visualised as they interact in vivo.
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Mouse skin, stained with Haematoxylin (purple) and Eosin (pink). Haematoxylin stain is commonly followed (or counterstained) with another histologic stain, eosin. When paired, this staining procedure is known as H&E; staining, and is one of the most commonly used combinations in histology. Haematoxylin is also a component of the Papanicolaou stain (or PAP stain) which is widely used in the study of cytology specimens, notably in the PAP test used to detect cervical cancer.
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Nonetheless, they are both variations of the pathogen P. fragariae. Recent research, however, suggests that these two variations may not have been as similar as once perceived. A study done to genetically map these pathogens revealed such a difference in the genome of these two variations, they likely could be considered two completely different species. This research has yet to make any changes to the present day cytology and taxonomy of this pathogen.
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If CSF cytology is negative or inconclusive and PIOL is suspected, a vitrectomy is often performed with cytologic analysis. Furthermore, adjunctive testing including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification to identify monoclonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene (for B-cell lymphomas) or T-cell receptor (TCR, for the very rare T-cell lymphomas) can be performed. Previously, radiation therapy was the mainstay treatment for PCNSL/PIOL, but methotrexate has now become first-line.
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After a Baccalaureate C in Paris in 1963, he obtained a master's degree in natural sciences: Plant Biology and Physiology in Paris in 1968, then a diploma of advanced studies: plant cytology and morphogenesis in Paris in 1969. He passed the agrégation and CAPES in Natural Sciences (1st in both competitions) in 1970, then obtained a doctorate in biochemistry in Montpellier in 1972 and a doctorate in molecular biology in Montpellier in 1977.
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She later worked at the Department of Diagnostic Cytology at Christie Hospital, where she worked until her retirement. She is also known for her research into the cultural significance of the Green Man, a mythical figure who had a head that sprouted foliage. In 1978, she published The Green Man, discussing how the figure was a motif for the "spiritual dimension of nature" in architecture, with an important relevance in modern society.
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Bernard Ogilvie Dodge (18April 18729August 1960) was an American botanist and pioneer researcher on heredity in fungi. Dodge was the author of over 150 papers dealing with the life histories, cytology, morphology, pathology and genetics of fungi, and with insects and other animal pests of plants. He made the first studies of sexual reproduction in the common bread mold, Neurospora.Lindegren, Carl C. Reminiscences of B.O. Dodge and the Beginnings of Neurospora Genetics.
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Paul Albert Ancel (21 September 1873 – 27 January 1961) was a French professor of medicine who worked on cytology, physiology, and embryology. He studied endocrine functions of the Leydig cells of the testes along with Paul Bouin. Ancel was born in Nancy from where he received a degree in medicine in 1899. He received a doctor of science in 1903 with a thesis on the hermaphroditic gonad of the snail Helix pomatia.
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6), Stachycarpus Endl. and Sundacarpus J.Buchholz and N.E.Gray. Studies of embryology, gametophyte development, female cone structure, and cytology led to the belief that the eight categories probably deserved generic status. Researchers agreed on the need to recognize "fairly natural groupings which prove to have good geographic and probably evolutionary cohesion" and took the necessary steps to raise each section to generic status.Barker, N. P.; Muller, E. M.; and Mill, R. R. (2004).
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Alan Powell Goffe was a British pathologist whose research contributed to the development and improvement of vaccines, most notably the polio and measles vaccines. He was a Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine and a member of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. At the time of his death he was the head of the Department of Experimental Cytology at the Wellcome Research Laboratories.
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In 1939, Filice enrolled at the University of San Francisco - San Francisco's Jesuit university - where he took the Bachelor of Science in 1943. In 1945, he earned the Master of Science degree at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1949, he earned the Ph.D, also at Berkeley. He published his doctoral dissertation Studies on the Cytology and Life History of a Giardia From the Laboratory Rat (Berkeley: University of California Press) in 1952.
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After receiving his A. M. degree from Oberlin, he was appointed professor of botany and geology in 1891–98 at Lake Forest University. During the period 1894 to 1896, took a sabbatical to attend graduate school at the University of Bonn in Germany where he studied cytology and mycology; he was awarded a Ph.D. in 1896. Harper became Professor of Botany at the University of Wisconsin in 1898, where he taught until 1911.
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While diagnosis can be rendered in many cases, fixed tissue processing is preferred in many conditions for more accurate diagnosis. The intraoperative consultation is the name given to the whole intervention by the pathologist, which includes not only frozen section but also gross evaluation of the specimen, examination of cytology preparations taken on the specimen (e.g. touch imprints), and aliquoting of the specimen for special studies (e.g. molecular pathology techniques, flow cytometry).
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The detailed study of reproductive structures in plants led to the discovery of the alternation of generations found in all plants and most algae. This area of plant morphology overlaps with the study of biodiversity and plant systematics. Thirdly, plant morphology studies plant structure at a range of scales. At the smallest scales are ultrastructure, the general structural features of cells visible only with the aid of an electron microscope, and cytology, the study of cells using optical microscopy.
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As a member of the clinical (Director Bayard Clarkson) and laboratory teams (Director Malcolm A.S. Moore), he carried out a systematic analysis of all patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated at MSKCC, defining the prognostic and predictive parameters of cell cytology, cell growth in vitro and enzymatic markers.R. Mertelsmann, M. A. Moore, B. Clarkson: Leukemia cell phenotype and prognosis: an analysis of 519 adults with acute leukemia. In: Blood Cells. 1982;8(3), S. 561–583.
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A karyotype is the characteristic chromosome complement of a eukaryote species. The preparation and study of karyotypes is part of cytology and, more specifically, cytogenetics. Although the replication and transcription of DNA is highly standardized in eukaryotes, the same cannot be said for their karyotypes, which are highly variable between species in chromosome number and in detailed organization despite being constructed out of the same macromolecules. In some cases, there is even significant variation within species.
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In 1945 he left McGill for the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he was Professor of Botany until his death. In 1942-1943 Huskins spent a year at Columbia University on a Guggenheim Fellowship he was awarded "to prepare a book on the cytology and genetics of plants, animals and man." Except for that year, he spent essentially all of his career at McGill and Wisconsin. Huskins worked at first on mutations in oats and wheat.
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He was appointed Demonstrator in Zoology at the University of Cambridge, 1937–1938, and Fellow of King's College, 1938–1944. After war service in radar with the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE), where he and Robert Hanbury Brown invented the Rebecca/Eureka transponding radar, he returned to Cambridge as Lecturer in Zoology and fellow of Peterhouse. In 1959 he was appointed Reader in Experimental Cytology. In 1961 he moved to the Linacre Chair of Zoology at Merton College, Oxford.
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Since cytology deals with tissues, which are composed of cells, samples of tissues must be obtained in order to analyze the cells. There are several ways of obtaining a sample, the first is through dissecting a corpse, with a sample of tissue taken during an autopsy. The second is performing an aspirate (bone marrow, cerebrospinal fluid, etc.). To perform an aspirate in liquid tissues, a needle is inserted inside the body and a sample is extracted.
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He was supervised and generally mentored by George Bond Howes. He frequently worked alone, but collaborated with Farmer on meiosis and with both Farmer and Charles Edward Walker on cancer cytology. During this time he made three extended visits overseas to further his research. The first was between 16 October 1893 and 9 June 1894 to the Marine Biological Station in Naples, using facilities hired by the British Association and in part supported by a Marshall scholarship.
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In the developed world, cervical biopsy guided by colposcopy is considered the "gold standard" for diagnosing cervical abnormalities after an abnormal Pap smear. Other techniques such as triple smear are also done after an abnormal Pap smear. The procedure requires a trained colposcopist and can be expensive to perform. However, Pap smears are very sensitive and some negative biopsy results may represent undersampling of the lesion in the biopsy, so negative biopsy with positive cytology requires careful follow-up.
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CellNetix Pathology & Laboratories, LLC, headquartered in Seattle, Washington, is a premier anatomic pathology provider in the Pacific Northwest, with 50 physicians and more than 300 total staff. Services include cytology, histology, fine needle aspiration (FNA) services, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, UroVysion™, and molecular diagnostics. CellNetix institutes pollution prevention planning“CellNetix Pathology and Laboratories -Reducing, Reusing, Recycling….. and Saving Money” Department of Ecology State of Washington and receives technical assistance from Washington State Department of Ecology.
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Reinke had a keen interest in the systematics, developmental cycles, cytology and physiology of brown algae. From 1888 to 1892 he published a number of articles on marine algae from the North and Baltic Seas -- in regards to the Baltic, he described several new genera of algae. He also published works on the algal families Tilopteridaceae (1889) and Sphacelariaceae (1890). Furthermore, he postulated that the encrusting algae genus called Aglaozonia was a stage in the life history of Cutleria.
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The columnar epithelium ascending the esophagus from the stomach has subsequently become known as Barrett's oesophagus. In addition to his work on oesophageal disease, Barrett also worked with Leonard Dudgeon, Professor of Pathology at the University of London, on the cytology of sputum in the diagnosis of pulmonary malignancy.Barrett NR. Examination of sputum for malignant cells and particles of malignant growth. J Thorac Surg, 1938;8:169-83 He is also noted for his treatment of hydatid cysts.
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Serial monitoring of nodal size and vascularity are useful in assessing treatment response. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has a sensitivity and specificity percentages of 81% and 100%, respectively, in the histopathology of malignant cervical lymphadenopathy. PET-CT has proven to be helpful in identifying occult primary carcinomas of the head and neck, especially when applied as a guiding tool prior to panendoscopy, and may induce treatment related clinical decisions in up to 60% of cases.
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Published in the New York Times on March 26, 2008. In 2011 the National Lung Screening Trial found that CT screening offers benefits over other screenings. This study was recognized for providing supporting evidence for using CR screening to screen for lung cancer and for encouraging others to reflect on the merits and drawbacks of other types of screening. Research has not shown that two other available tests – sputum cytology or chest radiograph (CXR) screening tests — have any benefit.
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This allows urine cytology to examine these cells, which if there is polyomavirus inclusion of the nucleus, is diagnostic of infection. Also as the urine of an infected individual will contain virions and/or viral DNA, quanitation of the viral load can be done through PCR. This is also true for the blood. Renal biopsy can also be used if the two methods just described are inconclusive or if the specific viral load for the renal tissue is desired.
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Cytology Video, Cell Features Eukaryotic cells are typically much larger than those of prokaryotes, having a volume of around 10,000 times greater than the prokaryotic cell. They have a variety of internal membrane-bound structures, called organelles, and a cytoskeleton composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments, which play an important role in defining the cell's organization and shape. Eukaryotic DNA is divided into several linear bundles called chromosomes, which are separated by a microtubular spindle during nuclear division.
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B-mode imaging features that can distinguish metastasis and lymphoma include size, shape, calcification, loss of hilar architecture, as well as intranodal necrosis. Soft tissue edema and nodal matting on B-mode imaging suggests tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis or previous radiation therapy. Serial monitoring of nodal size and vascularity are useful in assessing treatment response. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has sensitivity and specificity percentages of 81% and 100%, respectively, in the histopathology of malignant cervical lymphadenopathy.
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A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are done on biological specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient. Such laboratories may be divided into categorical departments such as microbiology, hematology, clinical biochemistry, immunology, serology, histology, cytology, cytogenetics, or virology. In many countries, there are two main types of labs that process the majority of medical specimens. Hospital laboratories are attached to a hospital, and perform tests on these patients.
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Once suspected, the diagnosis of blastomycosis can usually be confirmed by demonstration of the characteristic broad based budding organisms in sputum or tissues by KOH prep, cytology, or histology. Tissue biopsy of skin or other organs may be required in order to diagnose extra-pulmonary disease. Blastomycosis is histologically associated with granulomatous nodules. Commercially available urine antigen testing appears to be quite sensitive in suggesting the diagnosis in cases where the organism is not readily detected.
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290x290px The large folds of the stomach, as seen in Ménétrier disease, are easily detected by x-ray imaging following a barium meal or by endoscopic methods. Endoscopy with deep mucosal biopsy (and cytology) is required to establish the diagnosis and exclude other entities that may present similarly. A non-diagnostic biopsy may lead to a surgically obtained full-thickness biopsy to exclude malignancy. CMV and helicobacter pylori serology should be a part of the evaluation.
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Brush biopsy/exfoliative cytology is an alternative to incisional biopsy, where a stiff brush is scraped against the lining of the mouth to remove a sample of cells. This is then made into a smear which can be examined microscopically. Sometimes the biopsy site can be selected with adjunct methods which aim to highlight areas of dysplasia. Toluidine blue staining, where the dye is preferentially retained by dysplastic tissue, is sometimes used, but there is high false positive rate.
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On 19 February 1912 he died of tuberculosis at age 35. Negri performed extensive research in the fields of histology, hematology, cytology, protozoology and hygiene. In 1903 he discovered the eponymous Negri bodies, defined as cytoplasmatic inclusion bodies located in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in cases of rabies in animals and humans. He documented his findings in an article titled Contributo allo studio dell'eziologia della rabia, published in the journal Bollettino della Societa medico-chirurgica.
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Prognosis of the CC is affected by age, stage, and histology as well as treatment The primary treatment is surgical. FIGO-cancer staging is done at the time of surgery which consists of peritoneal cytology, total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo- oophorectomy, pelvic/para-aortic lymphadenectomy, and omentectomy. The tumor is aggressive and spreads quickly into the myometrium and the lymphatic system. Thus even in presumed early stages, lymphadenectomy and omentectomy should be included in the surgical approach.
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He worked as a professor of anatomy at Lyon from 1904 under Leon Testut and moved to Nancy in 1908 where he taught anatomy. He worked under Adolph Nicolas and collaborated with Paul Bouin on Leydig cells. He worked at the institute of embryology at Strasbourg from 1919 and published more than 300 works relating to endocrinology, anatomy, cytology, embryology and teratology. His fellow researchers at Strasbourg include P. Vintemberger, Etienne Wolff, and S. Lallemand (his own daughter).
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Buxus balearica was described by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and published in Encyclopedie Méthodique, Botanique 1 (2): 511. 1785. ;Cytology Number of chromosomes of Buxus balearica and infraspecific taxa: 2n = 28Chromosome atlas of flowering plants. Darlintong, C. D. & A. P. Wylie (1955) ;Etymology Buxus : generic name that derives from the ancient Greek bus , Latinized buxus, buxum which is the name given to boxwood.En Flora Vascular Balearica :geographical epithet that alludes to its location in the Balearic Islands .
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Several tobacco plants have been used as model organisms in genetics. Tobacco BY-2 cells, derived from N. tabacum cultivar 'Bright Yellow-2', are among the most important research tools in plant cytology. Tobacco has played a pioneering role in callus culture research and the elucidation of the mechanism by which kinetin works, laying the groundwork for modern agricultural biotechnology. The first genetically modified plant was produced in 1982, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens to create an antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant.
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The marine brown algae also received his attention. Cytological studies on the Ectocarpaceae had indicated the need for cytotaxonomical revision of this vexing complex. Studies on the cytology and life history of the Indian Scytosiphonaceae (Colpomenia, Iyengaria, Rosenvingea) had shown interesting developmental patterns. Intensive studies on the freshwater algae had also been done simultaneously, oogamy, a rather rare phenomenon was described in a new species of Golenkiniopsis from Pashan, and a new species of Sphaerelloopsis was reported from Khandala.
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This was accomplished through a partnership with Professor Julia Albright, an immunologist from the George Washington University Hospital, and International Relief & Development (IRD), a Washington, D.C.-based NGO which provided equipment and supplies. Under the guidance of Dr. Camilla Cobb and Katherine Berberian of the University of Southern California’s Department of Cytopathology, Cytopathology and Needle aspiration biopsy (NAB), also known as fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), procedures for breast biopsies were also introduced at the Wellness Center.
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New and revised "phylogenetic" classification systems of the plant kingdom were produced by several botanists, including August Eichler. A massive 23 volume ' was published by Adolf Engler & Karl Prantl over the period 1887 to 1915. Taxonomy based on gross morphology was now being supplemented by using characters revealed by pollen morphology, embryology, anatomy, cytology, serology, macromolecules and more. The introduction of computers facilitated the rapid analysis of large data sets used for numerical taxonomy (also called taximetrics or phenetics).
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Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a well-tolerated diagnostic procedure in ILD. BAL cytology analyses (differential cell counts) should be considered in the evaluation of patients with IPF at the discretion of the treating physician based on availability and experience at their institution. BAL may reveal alternative specific diagnoses: malignancy, infections, eosinophilic pneumonia, histiocytosis X, or alveolar proteinosis. In the evaluation of patients with suspected IPF, the most important application of BAL is in the exclusion of other diagnoses.
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METC officials will also employ an operating staff and faculty of 1,200. On August 10, 2014 METC realigned under the Education and Training Directorate of the newly established Defense Health Agency and entered into initial operational capability. By service, the student breakdown includes approximately 51 percent Army, 31 percent Navy and 18 percent Air Force. The longest program offered is cytology, which is the study of cells, at 52 weeks; and the shortest, at four weeks, is patient administration.
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Recent studies have shown that long-tipped spatulas (Aylesbury device) or a cytobrush along with an extended-tip spatula are better than Ayre spatula in collecting endocervical cells. However, Ayre spatula continues to be used for cervical sample collection in less-income countries. Ayre spatula is introduced into the cervix after visualizing the os using a speculum. The cytology specimens are obtained by rotating the spatula firmly over the ectocervix and quickly transferring the cells to a slide or jar.
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In college, he met and married Hally Jolivette, his cytology teacher, and they later had three sons. Following his graduation, Hally accepted a position at Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts, and they moved to the East Coast in 1916. Sax enrolled in the doctoral program at the Bussey Institution Graduate School of Applied Biology at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts and completed his MA in 1917. He went on to do his doctoral work at Harvard University, receiving his D.Sc. in 1922.
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He conducted studies on the cytology and cytogenetics of the Narcissus species and received his PhD degree from University of London in 1932. He joined Science College, Calcutta, as a senior lecturer in botany in 1933, but left to join the position of Economic Botanist, Government of Bengal in 1935. In 1945 he succeeded G. W. Podwick as the principal of Dhaka Agricultural College (now Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University). In 1949, he was appointed Director of Agriculture, Government of East Pakistan(Bangladesh).
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A squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) is an abnormal growth of epithelial cells on the surface of the cervix, commonly called squamous cells. This condition can lead to cervical cancer, but can be diagnosed using a Pap smear or a colposcopy. It can be treated by using methods that remove the abnormal cells, allowing normal cells to grow in their place. In the Bethesda system, the cytology can be graded as LSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) or HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion).
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Less than 2,000 species of bacteria occur in the marine environment out of the 100,000 species. Although this group of species is small, they play a tremendous role in energy transfer, mineral cycles, and organic turnover. The monera differs from the four other kingdoms as "members of the Monera have a prokaryotic cytology in which the cells lack membrane-bound organelles such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, nuclei, and complex flagella." The bacteria can be divided into two major subkingdoms: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.
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He renounced his presidency of the International Academy of Cytology in 1983, and was appointed administrator of South-West Africa. He was appointed Minister of Health and Population Development in the Cabinet of P. W. Botha from 1985-89 and served on the President's Council from 1989. In 1992, as the National Party began to lose their grip on power, Niekerk left politics to return to the private sector as a Gynaecologist in the suburbs of Cape Town. He retired in 2004.
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Van Niekerk is the author of over 27 publications on cytology, cytogenetics, gynaecology and obstetrics, gynaecological pathologies. He was the first to describe the cytological appearance of cervical cells in folate deficiency, which had certain similarities with pre-neoplastic changes (Nel,JT). His doctoral thesis on hermaphroditism, published in 1972, is considered the authoritative work on the subject. He became an honorary member of the combination of the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Gynecological Society in 1981.
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Her doctoral thesis was titled Studies in Experimental Taxonomy and Variation in Certain Tasmanian Plants which was a pioneering work in cytology and polyploidy. Following from her doctoral award in London she travelled to the United States visiting various herbaria. She was appointed University of Tasmania Senior Lecturer in Botany in 1951 and Reader in Botany in 1956, the most senior position held by a woman at the university at that time. Curtis also acted as Head of the Department on several occasions.
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Reliable comprehensive incidence statistics for c-SCLC are unavailable. In the literature, the frequency with which the c-SCLC variant is diagnosed largely depends on the size of tumor samples, tending to be higher in series where large surgical resection specimens are examined, and lower when diagnoses are based on small cytology and/or biopsy samples. Tatematsu et al. reported 15 cases of c-SCLC (12%) in their series of 122 consecutive SCLC patients, but only 20 resection specimens were examined.
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Lyudmila grew up in the town of Kirzhach in Vladimir, Russia Region of the Soviet Union, now Russia. She went to elementary school there, as well as high school. She graduated with Honors at Moscow State University in 1958, majoring in Biology. In 1966 she earned a Candidate of Sciences Ph.D.; her Thesis was titled: "On correlation of behavior characteristics with reproductive function in fur bearing animals of the Canidae family" from the Institute of Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk.
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Ernst was born in 1928. In 1963, he was hired by the Smithsonian Institution for a position as associate curator of phanerogams in the Botany Department of the United States National Museum, and was appointed as a curator there in 1970. His keen interest was the cytology, morphology, taxonomy of flowering plants, including such families as Fumariaceae, Loasaceae, and Papaveraceae. He became a member of Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey, and journeyed to Dominica with the crew in 1964 and 1965.
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In 1976 he was elected to the honorary Fellowship of the Royal Microscopical Society, Oxford England. In 1977 he received a Fellowship to the Papanicolaou Cancer Research Institute in Miami, Florida, and in 1979 a Fellowship to the Institute for Cell Analysis at the University of Miami, Florida. In 1982, he was the co-recipient of the C. E. Alken Foundation Award, Switzerland. In 1993, he was elected as the first Honorary Member of the International Society for Analytical Cytology.
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The laboratories report 750 biochemical tests, 510 complete blood counts, 100 serologic tests, 20 cytology samples and 15 biopsy specimens. A team of a little over 100 consultants, 120 residents, 60 interns, and 250 nurses - all staying on campus - continues its tradition of excellence. Supported by laboratories known for their quality, and staffed by doctors known for quality of care, patient safety and reputation in central India, the hospital is committed for providing affordable and appropriate care to the population it serves.
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To diagnose basal-cell carcinomas, a skin biopsy is performed for histopathologic analyses. The most common method is a shave biopsy under local anesthesia. Most nodular basal-cell cancers can be diagnosed clinically; however, other variants can be very difficult to distinguish from benign lesions such as intradermal naevus, sebaceomas, fibrous papules, early acne scars, and hypertrophic scarring. Exfoliative cytology methods have high sensitivity and specificity for confirming the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma when clinical suspicion is high but unclear usefulness otherwise.
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A metaphase cell positive for the BCR/ABL rearrangement using FISH Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics, but is also a part of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis and meiosis. Techniques used include karyotyping, analysis of G-banded chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular cytogenetics such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).
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An accomplished scientist in her own right, Koprowska was mentored by Dr. Georgios Papanikolaou the inventor of the "Pap smear", and went on to become a leader in the field of cytopathology. Dr. Koprowska was a founding member of the Inter Society Council of Cytology, which became the American Society of Cytopathology and which, in 1985, gave her its Papanikolaou Award. Additionally, she co-authored, with Dr. George Papanicolaou, a case report of the earliest diagnosis of lung cancer by a sputum smear.
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Kimura was born in Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture. From an early age he was very interested in botany, though he also excelled at mathematics (teaching himself geometry and other maths during a lengthy convalescence due to food poisoning). After entering a selective high school in Nagoya, Kimura focused on plant morphology and cytology; he worked in the laboratory of M. Kumazawa studying the chromosome structure of lilies. With Kumazawa, he also discovered how to connect his interests in botany and mathematics: biometry.
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George Arnold (1881, Hong Kong - 1962) was a British entomologist who specialised in aculeate Hymenoptera (particularly ants, sphecid wasps and pompilid wasps). From the Royal College of Science he was appointed to the Department of Cytology and Cancer Research at Liverpool and then only worked on Hymenoptera as a hobby. In 1911 he became curator, and later director, of the National Museum of Southern Rhodesia, Bulawayo. The butterfly species Anthene arnoldi, or Arnold's hairtail, was named after him by Neville Jones in 1918.
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Goffe was involved in numerous clinical trials to test vaccines, publicly testing them on himself and his family to demonstrate his confidence in their safety. His interest in how some viruses could cause tumours led him to study the SV40 virus and the human wart virus, human papillomavirus. Two years before his death he was given the task of setting up a new Department of Experimental Cytology, unusual in that it was the first department dedicated to fundamental research at the Wellcome Laboratories.
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CytoJournal is a peer-reviewed PubMed-indexed open access online scientific journal on cytology that publishes research articles and information related to all aspects of diagnostic cytopathology, including topics such as molecular cytopathology. It is owned and supported by a non-profit organization (Cytopathology Foundation Inc, USA). Broad areas of cytopathology covered include fine needle aspiration biopsy, Pap test (including Anal Pap), and serous fluids. The journal was established in July 2004 and was published initially by BioMed Central and Medknow Publications.
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Named "Best News Anchor" by the Associated Press. In 2008, Pat received the Genii award from the Los Angeles chapter of American Women in Radio and Television and has been recognized by the National Association of Black Journalists. Pat worked in Chicago at WGN Superstation before coming to Los Angeles. Her investigative reports on faulty pap smear tests, which led to thousands of deaths among women, resulted in legislation regulating cytology labs in Illinois and the closure of one in Southern California.
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human anatomy: Human anatomy - scientific study of the morphology of the adult human. It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision. Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with microscopes, and includes histology (the study of the organization of tissues), and cytology (the study of cells).
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X-ray-guided stereotactic biopsy is used for impalpable lesions that are not visible on ultrasound. A stereotactic biopsy may be used, with x-ray guidance, for performing a fine needle aspiration for cytology and needle core biopsy to evaluate a breast lesion. However, that type of biopsy is also sometimes performed without any imaging guidance, and typically, stereotactic guidance is used for core biopsies or vacuum-assisted mammotomy. Stereotactic core biopsy is necessary for evaluating atypical appearing calcifications found on mammogram of the breast.
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In almost 150 publications, Shaw documented her research on a broad range of topics such as mycology, plant pathology, fungal taxonomy, cytology and fungal spore collection by bees. As a sole author or co-author, Shaw named four new fungal genera and 14 new species. In 1955, Shaw was invited by the Papua New Guinea Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries to establish a Plant Pathology section. As a young scientist, Shaw faced a challenging task, with limited facilities, laboratory staff and equipment available.
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Peter Goldblatt started his career as a plant collector in 1962, and worked extensively in Cape Province, but also in other regions of Africa, Madagascar, the United States, Greece, Italy, Israel, Turkey and Iran, having collected thousands of specimens. His interests lie in systematic taxonomy. One of his main research interests has been the cytology and taxonomy of the Iridaceae of Africa. A member of several botanical societies, he was also General Secretary (1982–1985) of the Association for the Taxonomic Study of Tropical African Flora.
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Winge was born in the city of Aarhus in Jutland, the mainland of Denmark. After completing secondary school he travelled to the University of Copenhagen to study law but found himself more suited to the biological sciences into which he transferred. He graduated with a master's degree in the year 1910. From Copenhagen he travelled to Stockholm, Paris and Chicago, studying mainly chromosomal cytology before finally returning to the University of Copenhagen to do a doctoral thesis entitled The Chromosomes: Their Numbers and General Importance.
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A. Sixten Franzén (26 November 1919 – 15 March 2008) was a Swedish scientist, and a leading cancer researcher of the 1950s and 1960s. He pioneered fine- needle aspiration cytology, in which suspected cancer cells are removed through a very fine needle for examination under a microscope. Sixten Franzén was born in in Östergötland County. After passing his studentexamen in Gävle, he studied medicine at Uppsala University and did practical work at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, where he continued to work for most of his career.
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Analysis of the cytology of these races and of artificial hybrids between them increased understanding of the genetic and geographic evolution of the Euoenothera. This subject was a major area of genetic research during the first half of the 20th century. The appearance of sudden changes in Oenothera lamarckiana led the pioneering geneticist Hugo de Vries to propose the theory of mutationism (Mutationstheorie) in 1901. This asserted that speciation was driven by sudden large mutations able to produce new varieties in a single step.
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Like cytology, one of the limitations of VIA is that results are highly dependent on the accuracy of an individual's interpretation. This means that initial training and on-going quality control are of paramount importance. Increased false positives are particularly important in a screen-and-treat setting, since over-treatment and resulting impairment of fertility is more likely. VIA can offer significant advantages over Pap in low-resource settings, particularly in terms of increased screening coverage, improved follow-up care and overall program quality.
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Due to World War II, Kimura left high school early to enter Kyoto Imperial University in 1944. On the advice of the prominent geneticist Hitoshi Kihara, Kimura entered the botany program rather than cytology because the former, in the Faculty of Science rather than Agriculture, allowed him to avoid military duty. He joined Kihara's laboratory after the war, where he studied the introduction of foreign chromosomes into plants and learned the foundations of population genetics. In 1949, Kimura joined the National Institute of Genetics in Mishima, Shizuoka.
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She returned to Japan in June 1916 and continued researching coal at Tokyo Imperial University (now the University of Tokyo) until 1927. She taught genetics there from 1918 to 1939, and was made a professor at the Women's Higher Normal School in Tokyo in 1919. She completed her doctoral thesis, "Studies on the structure of lignite, brown coal, and bituminous coal in Japan", in 1927, becoming the first woman in Japan to complete a doctorate in science. In 1929, Yasui founded the cytology journal Cytologia.
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William Bateson became director of the John Innes Horticultural Institution in 1910 and moved with his family to Merton Park in Surrey. He was director there until his sudden death in February 1926. During his time at the John Innes Horticultural Institution he became interested in the chromosome theory of heredity and promoted the study of cytology by the appointment of W. C. F. Newton and in 1923 Cyril Dean Darlington. In his later years he was a friend and confidant of the German Erwin Baur.
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In 2006, while Harper was on the faculty and staff of Dartmouth Medical School, the New Hampshire Academy of Family Physicians named her the New Hampshire Family Physician of the Year.DMS Roundup—September 2006 In May 2013, Harper received the Prix Monte-Carlo Woman of the Year award in Monte Carlo for her contributions and discoveries defining the role of HPV in the pathology of cervical cancer. In May 2013, Harper also received the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine Excellence in Education Award for her "excellence in education at every level from medical students, family medicine residents, residents in obstetrics and gynecology, national and international meetings, and to the public and national audiences via television, including an appearance on the Dr Oz show ...." The award also noted that Harper "helped establish the US national guidelines for the nomenclature of cytology and the screening and management of abnormal cytology and histology reports" and "consulted for the World Health Organization on the use of prophylactic HPV vaccines". In October 2015, Harper was named the Alum of the Year by the Notre Dame de Sion School system.
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After finishing his primary education in Kairouan, Ain drahem and Kelibia, Mongi Ben Hamida completed his secondary education at Sadiki College, where he got his baccalaureate degree in 1948. Later, he enrolled in medical studies at the Medical School of Paris (divided in 1970) where he specialized in neurology. His thesis on the dento-olivary pair in 1965 won him a Prix de Thèse (thesis prize) and quickly became an international clinical and neuropathological reference. Mongi Ben Hamida held a diploma of advanced studies in histology and cytology under the direction of Professor René Couteaux.
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Although most plants exhibit kranz anatomy, there are, however, a few species that operate a limited cycle without any distinct bundle sheath tissue. Suaeda aralocaspica, Bienertia cycloptera, Bienertia sinuspersici and Bienertia kavirense (all chenopods) are terrestrial plants that inhabit dry, salty depressions in the deserts of the Middle East. These plants have been shown to operate single-cell -concentrating mechanisms, which are unique among the known mechanisms. Although the cytology of both genera differs slightly, the basic principle is that fluid-filled vacuoles are employed to divide the cell into two separate areas.
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Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988 (CLIA 88) was passed in the USA subsequent to the publication of an article in November 1987 in The Wall Street Journal entitled "Lax Laboratories: The Pap Test Misses Much Cervical Cancer Through Labs Errors", which alerted the public to the fact that a pap smear may be falsely negative. The article implied that false negative tests resulted largely from the carelessness of doctors. Subsequent to this, claims involving pap smears showed an alarming growth. The Act aimed at a comprehensive regulation of gynecologic cytology laboratories.
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Biopsy can be accomplished via bronchoscopy, transthoracic needle biopsy, and video-assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS). While sputum cytology has been shown to have limited utility, thoracentesis, or aspiration of pleural fluid with an ultrasound-guided needle, should be performed when pleural effusion is present. When malignant cells are identified in the pleural aspirate of patients highly suspect for lung cancer, a definitive diagnosis and staging (stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung) is established. Adenocarcinoma of the lung tends to stain mucin positive as it is derived from the mucus-producing glands of the lungs.
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Immunohistochemical markers that have been suggested to be useful in making an accurate diagnosis of Bas-SqCC include positivity for p63 and high molecular weight keratin (i.e. 34betaE12), and lack of expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Among other pulmonary malignancies, the main differential diagnoses in suspected cases of Bas-SqCC include the high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, such as small cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The issue of differential diagnosis is particularly acute when the pathologist must use a small biopsy specimen or cytology.
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The doctor will typically use a 22 or 27 gauge needle to aspirate out free fluid and cells. It can be done in an outpatient setting and is associated with minimal pain. However, in up to 30% of cases, pathological slides from fine needle aspiration of breast lesions may be inconclusive, necessitating the need for further testing. FNA can be done to aspirate the contents of a cyst, which may relieve any pain that the cyst caused, or can be used to aspirate a suspicious lesion in conjunction with cytology (cellular analysis).
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Herbert studied medicine at St Mary's Hospital, graduating in 1968. In 1982, she became a consultant cytopathologist and histopathologist at Southampton University Hospitals Trust, moving in 1998 to Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, where she became part-time in 2008. She is also an honorary senior lecturer at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine. She served as chair of the cytopathology subcommittee and examination panel of the Royal College of Pathologists from 1993 to 1997; and in various roles at the British Society for Clinical Cytology from 1984.
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Franzini-Armstrong is a very decorated scientist as she has won numerous honors and awards throughout her career. For starters, from 1956 – 1960 in Pisa, Italy, she held the honor of Fellowship: Scuola Normale Superiore, and from 1990 – 1961 in Pisa, Italy, she held the honor of “Perfezionamento” (postdoctoral fellowship), Scuola Normale Superiore. From 1983 -1987, she held the honor of being a member of the Molecular Cytology Study Section. Furthermore, in 1988, Franzini-Armstrong was awarded the position of director of Gordon Research Conference on Excitation-Contraction Coupling.
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Papanicolaou staining, or PAP staining, was developed to replace fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in hopes of decreasing staining times and cost without compromising quality. This stain is a frequently used method for examining cell samples from a variety of tissue types in various organs. PAP staining has endured several modifications in order to become a “suitable alternative” for FNAC. This transition stemmed from the appreciation of wet fixed smears by scientists preserving the structures of the nuclei opposed to the opaque appearance of air dried Romanowsky smears.
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In 1932, he set up the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology at his home in Shibuya, Tokyo, to house his extensive bird collections, ornithological library, and research facilities. He specialized in research on the avian species of Asia and the Pacific Ocean, and conducted his doctoral research on avian cytology, in affiliation with Hokkaido University. He obtained his doctorate in 1942 with studies on hybrid sterility under Professor Oguma Mamoru of Hokkaido Imperial University. In 1947, he lost his status and noble title with the adoption of the revised Japanese constitution, which abolished the peerage.
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When this turned out to be untrue, she was accused of helping her Jewish students to secure positions and to emigrate Her institute was closed and she was forced to retire. She was jailed in the spring of 1933 for two weeks by the Gestapo, but was released due to international pressure. However, in 1934 the German Government opened another institute for experimental cytology under her direction. She was active until her death, having recently completed a manuscript Erdmann died in Berlin on August 24, 1935 at the age of 64 of a heart attack.
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Other cessation techniques include group support programs, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), hypnosis, and self- motivated behavioral change. Studies have shown long term success rates (>1 year) of 20% for hypnosis and 10%-20% for group therapy. Cancer screening programs serve as effective sources of secondary prevention. The Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins, and Memorial Sloan-Kettering hospitals conducted annual x-ray screenings and sputum cytology tests and found that lung cancer was detected at higher rates, earlier stages, and had more favorable treatment outcomes, which supports widespread investment in such programs.
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He was a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London and a founder fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences. Wahi, who was married to Krishan Kumari, died on 8 July 1991, survived by their son and three daughters. The Indian Council of Medical Research has since instituted an annual award, Dr. Prem Nath Wahi Award, to recognize excellence in the fields of cytology and preventive oncology, in honour of its former director general. The Indian Academy of Cytologists conducts an annual oration under the name, Dr P. N. Wahi Academy Oration.
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Strasburger was a founder of the famous Lehrbuch der Botanik für Hochschulen (Textbook of Botany), which first appeared in 1894. He was the first to provide an accurate description of the embryonic sac in gymnosperms (such as conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants), along with demonstrating double-fertilization in angiosperms. He came up with one of the modern laws of plant cytology: "New cell nuclei can only arise from the division of other nuclei." and originated the terms cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Together with Walther Flemming and Edouard van Beneden, he elucidated chromosome distribution during cell division.
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Detection and diagnosis of S. apiospermum is possible through isolation of the fungus in culture or through cytology and histopathology in the tissues of diseased individuals. In mycetoma-type infections, a confluence of symptoms is necessary for diagnosis, including tumefaction, draining sinuses and extrusion of grains. Furthermore, P. boydii grains and hyphae should be cultured and observed microscopically after staining with H&E;, periodic acid–Schiff stain, Tissue Gram or Grocott's methenamine silver stain. A radiological diagnosis may be helpful in elucidating the extent of the disease in terms of bone and soft tissue involvement.
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When screening is done in the context of a process of diagnostic tests, false positives have been reduced to approximately 12%. Other concerns include radiation exposure and the cost of testing along with the follow up of tests. Research has not found two other clinically available tests – sputum cytology or chest radiograph (CXR) screening tests — to reduce the overall number of people who die from lung cancer. Screening studies for lung cancer have only been done in high risk populations in the U.S., such as smokers and workers with occupational exposure to certain substances.
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Research has found that regular early screening with two other clinically available tests – sputum cytology and chest radiograph (CXR) — does not have an overall benefit. There is evidence suggesting that regular screening of high-risk smokers and former smokers may reduce the mortality in this particular group of people. More research is necessary to determine the relative risks and benefits for the general public and people who have a low risk of lung cancer. CT screening has been associated with a high rate of falsely positive tests which may result in unneeded treatment.
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PCR can be used on a biopsy of the tissue or cerebrospinal fluid to amplify the polyomavirus DNA. This allows not only the detection of polyomavirus but also which sub type it is. There are three main diagnostic techniques used for the diagnosis of the reactivation of polyomavirus in polyomavirus nephropathy (PVN): urine cytology, quantification of the viral load in both urine and blood, and a renal biopsy. The reactivation of polyomavirus in the kidneys and urinary tract causes the shedding of infected cells, virions, and/or viral proteins in the urine.
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Her work there was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation. While studying and teaching at the University of Pennsylvania, Carothers traveled to the southern and southwestern regions of the United States on research expeditions, held in 1915 and 1919. During her time at the University of Iowa, she completed her most important work, in the field of genetics and cytology, using grasshopper embryos to study the independent assortment of heteromorphic homologous chromosomes. This was the first physical evidence that homologous chromosomes separated independently during meiosis, which is one source of genetic variation in sexually- reproducing organisms.
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The practice employed a statistician and much clinical research was carried out in private practice (which is most unusual), with regular publications in Australian and prestigious overseas medical journals. Over many years, Laverty lectured widely (often as an invited speaker) in Australia and overseas on the significance of HPV infection and on a range of gynaecological cytology and Pap smear screening issues. In August 1998, his practice was sold to Health Care of Australia (HCoA). Laverty was initially Medical Director of "Mayne Health – Laverty Pathology" in New South Wales.
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In addition to its use in the H&E; stain, haematoxylin is also a component of the Papanicolaou stain (or PAP stain) which is widely used in the study of cytology specimens. Although the stain is commonly called haematoxylin, the active colourant is the oxidized form haematein, which forms strongly coloured complexes with certain metal ions (commonly Fe(III) and Al(III) salts). In its pure form, haematoxylin is a colourless and crystalline solid, although commercial samples are typically light to dark-brown based on the level of impurities present.
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The Monument to the laboratory mouse is a sculpture in the city of Novosibirsk in Siberia, Russia. It is located in a park in front of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and was completed on July 1, 2013, coinciding with the 120th anniversary of the founding of the city. According to Nikolai Kolchanov, the director of the institute, the monument commemorates the sacrifice of the mice in genetic research used to understand biological and physiological mechanisms for developing new drugs and curing of diseases.
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It is not until the supposed uveitis fails to respond to treatment, becomes recalcitrant to treatment, or shows worsening with discontinuation of corticosteroid treatment that another cause is sought out. If PIOL is suspected, it is important to first obtain a magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the brain to rule out cerebral involvement (PCNSL). If MRI is negative, lumbar puncture with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology should be performed to further rule out CNS disease. Histopathologic identification of atypical lymphocytes is considered the gold standard for diagnosing PCNSL/PIOL.
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The cell theory of Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (1838/39) generated a debate about the behaviour of cancer cells, the use of the microscope, and its relevance to cancer diagnosis. Not all pathologists believed that cancer cells were distinctive or that cancer could be diagnosed by looking at a collection of cells (histology) rather than individual cells (cytology). The definition of cancer did not incorporate its morphological features until many years later. It had instead relied on looking solely at the spread of the cancer, that is, its "ability to invade locally and metastasize".
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Nikolai Koltsov worked on cytology and vertebrate anatomy. In 1903 Koltsov proposed that the shape of cells was determined by a network of tubules forming a skeleton which was later termed as the cytoskeleton. He saw the role of gel-sol transitions in the cytoplasm as key mechanisms for the cell structure. In 1927 Koltsov proposed that inherited traits would be inherited via a "giant hereditary molecule" which would be made up of "two mirror strands that would replicate in a semi-conservative fashion using each strand as a template".
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In 1925, she went to the United States where she worked with Ross G. Harrison of Yale University carrying out experimental work on the axolotl or Mexican salamander. On returning to Oslo two years later, she discovered how an arm could grow out of an unexpected place on the body of the axolotl. Teaching formed an important part of Ruud's activities at the laboratory. In addition to assisting Bonnevie with her zoology course which covered anatomy, embryology and cytology, Ruud was responsible for a one-year practical course and for lectures on histology.
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Perianal gland tumor cytology A perianal gland tumor is a type of tumor found near the anus in dogs that arises from specialized glandular tissue found in the perineum. It is also known as a hepatoid tumor because of the similarity in cell shape to hepatocytes (liver cells). It is most commonly seen in intact (not neutered) dogs and is the third most common tumor type in intact male dogs. There are two types of perianal gland tumors, perianal gland adenomas, which are benign, and perianal gland adenocarcinomas, which are malignant.
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Berg graduated from St. Petersburg's German Lutheran school in 1929. She then earned a diploma in genetics from Leningrad University, where she studied under H. J. Muller. With the dissertation "Differences between wild and laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster: a hypothesis of genetic correlations," she earned a Candidate of Sciences degree from Leningrad State University. She began work on a doctoral dissertation, "Species as an Evolving System," in the early 1940s and officially defended it in 1964, earning a Doctor of Sciences degree from Novosibirsk's Institute of Cytology and Genetics.Aronova.
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Studies were also been done on Nelliecarteria, Gloeodendron, the rare filamentous alga Chaetonemopsis, cytology of Rhizoclonium and Cladophora algae of polluted waters, aerial algae, algae associated with Bryophytes etc. His review of papers on the conducting systems in fossil brown and red algae, and recent trends and developments in Phycology were significant not only to the research students but also to the teachers of Phycology. Busy as he was, he found time to attend many symposia and conventions. His papers revealed an analytical and critical approach as well as the depth of his knowledge.
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DNA Specimen Provenance Assay (Assignment) (DSPA) testing can be performed on specimens from a range of medical specialty areas, such as gastroenterology, obstetrics, pulmonology, radiology, urology, etc. Molecular methods are currently available to extract DNA from a variety of sources, including fresh tissue, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and cytology specimens/slides. A combination of DSPA with conventional histopathology increases the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of patients’ biopsy results. Strand Diagnostics manufactures the know error system, a biopsy collection system that incorporate the DSPA test as part of the standard biopsy evaluation process.
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Species in this group are distinguished from one another based on morphology of the various life cycle stages, differences in cytology, both the cytological reaction and gross reaction of the host plant to infection, and the host plant. However, similar to other members of Chytridiomycota, all of these features exhibit considerable variation and often overlap between species. It is possible that many species names refer to the same organism. In some cases, there is not enough variation, and it is possible that one name refers to a species complex.
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1 (76), March 2007, p. 55. In 1940, Isaza Mejía examined the use of pituitrine in obstetrics in his work Algunas consideraciones sobre el uso de la pituitrina en obstetricia (published by Antioquia, 1940) and founded the cytologic laboratory of the University Hospital of San Vicente de Paúl in Medellín, and introduced the exfoliative cytology in Colombia in 1949.Dr. Gustavo Isaza Mejía, Asociación Antioqueña de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Mejía wrote, among other things, an orientation and guidance for women and mothers: Maternidad y menstruación sin dolor: la educación de los hijos (publisher Bedout, 1960).
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Different countries have different cervical screening recommendations. In Europe, most countries suggest or offer screening between the ages of 25 to 64. According to the 2010 European guidelines for cervical cancer screening, the age at which to commence screening ranges between 20–30 years of age, "but preferentially not before age 25 or 30 years", depending on burden of the disease in the population and the available resources. In England, the NHS cervical screening programme is available to women aged 25 to 64; women aged 25 to 49 receive an invitation every 3 years and women aged 50 to 64 receive an invitation every 5 years. In the United States, screening is recommended for women between ages 21–65, regardless of age at sexual initiation or other high-risk behaviors. For healthy women aged 21–29 who have never had an abnormal Pap smear, cervical cancer screening with cervical cytology (Pap smear) should occur every 3 years, regardless of HPV vaccination status. The preferred screening for women aged 30–65 is "co-testing", which includes a combination of cervical cytology screening and HPV testing, every 5 years. However, it is acceptable to screen this age group with a Pap smear alone every 3 years.
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The NCA was absorbed by the American Society for Clinical Pathology in 2009 and promptly dissolved. In the United States, the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA '88) define the level of qualification required to perform tests of various complexity. Clinical Laboratory Scientists, Medical Technologists and Medical Laboratory Scientists are near the highest level of qualification among general testing personnel and are usually qualified to perform the most complex clinical testing including HLA testing (also known as tissue typing) and blood type reference testing. Provider Performed Microscopy, or PPM (doctorate or master's level health provider) and Cytology have additional requirements.
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While professionally established, Hall went to work for ecologist Frederic Clements at the Carnegie Institution Division of Plant Sciences at Stanford University in 1919 in an effort to explore experimental methods of taxonomy. The pair established methods for conducting reciprocal transplant experiments, whereas plants were moved and studied in the habitats of similar taxonomic species. These experiments provided methods for studying plant adaptation, but did not readily explain mechanisms of plant evolution. In 1924, Hall began to work with geneticist, and friend, E. B. Babcock to look beyond ecological methods to genetics and cytology as experimental methods to explore taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships.
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For cases suspicious enough to proceed to biopsy, small biopsies can be obtained by core needle or bronchoscopy are commonly used for diagnosis of lung nodules. CT guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsies have also proven to be very helpful in the diagnosis of SPN. In selected cases, nodules can also be sampled through the airways using bronchoscopy or through the chest wall using fine-needle aspiration (which can be done under CT guidance). Needle aspiration can only retrieve groups of cells for cytology and not a tissue cylinder or biopsy, precluding evaluation of the tissue architecture.
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First-year students undertake the study of Biomedical Science and Health, Ethics and Society, which provide an introduction to the scientific, sociological and behavioural principles for the practice of medicine. Clinical communication and resuscitation skills are also taught. Students get early patient communication exposure through placements at GP practices, and have the opportunity to investigate a chosen healthcare issue in a clinical setting during Student Selected Component 1. During the first semester, to December, students are taught the 'fundamentals of medicine' which constists of all the basics including genetics, embryology, anatomy, cytology, neuroscience, neoplasia, infection and immunity and pharmacology.
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Macgregor took exfoliated cell smears using the Papanicolaou stain, interpreted them, and trained the team in the technique. In 1963, she received an MD by thesis for her work. In an article in the British Medical journal co-authored by Macgregor and Baird they stated that cervical cytology has now passed beyond the experimental stage' and that cervical cancer could largely be prevented by cytological detection and treatment of a pre-invasive stage. Having seen the effects of cervical cancer in practice Macgregor took the findings of research and put them into practice, encouraging women to undergo screening.
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Yury Verlinsky (1 September 1943 – 16 July 2009) was a Russian-American medical researcher specializing in embryo and cellular genetics (genetic cytology). He is best known as a pioneer in prenatal diagnosis for detecting genetic and chromosomal disorders six weeks earlier than standard amniocentesis. The founding father of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and embryo analysis prior to in-vitro fertilization (IVF), Verlinsky used his polar body biopsy technique to detect potential birth defects in offspring. It is now accepted worldwide as the standard for the most efficient and effective means of analyzing the chromosomal status of an embryo.
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Antennaria plantaginifolia is one of the species studied by Stebbins for his doctoral dissertation. Stebbins started graduate studies at Harvard in 1928, initially working on flowering plant taxonomy and biogeography—particularly that of the flora of New England—with Merritt Lyndon Fernald. He completed his MA in 1929 and continued to work toward his Ph.D. He became interested in using chromosomes for taxonomic studies, a method that Fernald did not support. Stebbins chose to concentrate his doctoral work on the cytology of plant reproductive processes in the genus Antennaria, with cytologist E. C. Jeffrey as his supervisor and Fernald on his supervisory panel.
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Stebbins' lectures drew together the otherwise disparate fields of genetics, ecology, systematics, cytology, and paleontology. In 1950, these lectures were published as Variation and Evolution in Plants, which proved to be one of the most important books in 20th-century botany. The book brought botanical science into the new synthesis of evolutionary theory, and became part of the canon of biological works written between 1936 and 1950 that formed the modern synthesis of evolution. Variation and Evolution in Plants was the first book to provide a wide-ranging explanation of how evolutionary mechanisms operated in plants at the genetic level.
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Babeș and Georgios Papanikolaou discovered independently and almost simultaneously the cervical test now known as the Pap test. Although Papanikolaou is generally credited for the invention of the cervical cancer screening test by cervical cytology, Michael O'Dowd and Elliot Philipp believe that Babeș was the true pioneer in the cytologic diagnosis of cervical cancer. He discovered that if a platinum loop was used to collect cells from a woman's cervix, and the cells were then dried on a slide and stained, it could be determined if cancer cells were present. This was the first screening test to diagnose cervical and uterine cancer.
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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a cytogenetic technique that has proven to be useful in the diagnosis of patients with polysomy. Conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have been used to detect various polysomies, including the most common autosomies (trisomy 13, 18, 21) as well as polysomy X and Y. Testing for chromosomal aneuploidy with Fluorescence in situ hybridization may increase the sensitivity of cytology and improve the accuracy of cancer diagnosis. The Cervical Cancer, TERC, Fluorescence in situ hybridization test, detects amplification of the human telomerase RNA component (TERC) gene and/or polysomy of chromosome 3.
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In Germany in the 1830s, Johannes Müller led the establishment of physiology research autonomous from medical research. In 1843, the Berlin Physical Society was founded in part to purge biology and medicine of vitalism, and in 1847 Hermann von Helmholtz, who joined the Society in 1845, published the paper "On the conservation of energy", highly influential to reduce physiology's research foundation to physical sciences. In the late 1850s, German anatomical pathologist Rudolf Virchow, a former student of Müller, directed focus to the cell, establishing cytology as the focus of physiological research, while Julius Cohnheim pioneered experimental pathology in medical schools' scientific laboratories.
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A bone marrow smear from a case of erythroleukemia. The large cell in the top center is an abnormal erythroblast: it is multinucleated, with megaloblastoid nuclear chromatin This is diagnostic of erythroleukemia. Cytopathology (sometimes referred to as "cytology") is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level. It is usually used to aid in the diagnosis of cancer, but also helps in the diagnosis of certain infectious diseases and other inflammatory conditions as well as thyroid lesions, diseases involving sterile body cavities (peritoneal, pleural, and cerebrospinal), and a wide range of other body sites.
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For reasons like these, Lysenkoism can be viewed as pseudo- scientific. After World War II ended, Lysenko took an interest in the works of Olga Lepeshinskaya, an older feldsher and biologist, who claimed to be able to create cells from egg yolk and non-cellular matter. Lepeshinskaya recognized common ground between her ideas and Lysenko's. By combining both of their ideas it was possible to proclaim that cells could grow from non-cellular material and that the predicted ratios of Mendelian genetics and meiosis were incorrect, thus undermining the basis of modern cytology, as well as genetics.
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Rockefeller University Press publishes three scientific journals: Journal of Experimental Medicine, founded in 1896, Journal of General Physiology, founded in 1918, and Journal of Cell Biology, founded in 1955 under the title The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology. All editorial decisions on manuscripts submitted to the three journals are made by active scientists in conjunction with in-house scientific editors, and all peer-review operations and pre-press production functions are carried out at the Rockefeller University Press offices. In 2018, Rockefeller University Press partnered with EMBO Press and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press to publish the "Life Science Alliance" journal.
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She earned her Ph.D. at Lucknow University in 1961 and then worked at Purdue University as a post-doctoral researcher. Collaborating with A. Carl Leopold and Richard Hall, her research on enhancing latex production through the use of ethereal oil found commercial application in Malaysian rubber plantations. Sharma's research on plant idioblasts led to her becoming a visiting scientist at the Institute of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Copenhagen. She then joined the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, where in researching woody plants, she established a correlation between silica content and the hardness of wood.
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René Verriet de Litardière (24 June 1888, Mazières-en-Gâtine - 24 October 1957, Mazières-en-Gâtine) was a French botanist. He studied botany in Poitiers, and after World War I, obtained his doctorate in Paris with a thesis on fern cytology. For ten years he was associated with the University of Lille (1921–1931), then spent the remainder of his career as director of the botanical institute at Grenoble.JSTOR Global Plants Litardière, René Verriet de (1888-1957) He is best remembered for his studies of Corsican flora, undertaking 28 expeditions to the island during his career.
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Similarly to the urine cytology, the renal cells are examined under light microscopy for polyomavirus inclusion of the nucleus, as well as cell lysis and viral partials in the extra cellular fluid. The viral load as before is also measure by PCR. Tissue staining using a monoclonal antibody against MCV T antigen shows utility in differentiating Merkel cell carcinoma from other small, round cell tumors. Blood tests to detect MCV antibodies have been developed and show that infection with the virus is widespread although Merkel cell carcinoma patients have exceptionally higher antibody responses than asymptomatically infected persons.
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"Я ПРОЖИЛ СЧАСТЛИВУЮ ЖИЗНЬ" К 90-летию со дня рождения Н. В. Тимофеева-Ресовского ("I Lived a Happy Life" – In Honor of the 90th Anniversary of the Birth of Timofeev-Resovskij), ИСТОРИЯ НАУКИ. БИОЛОГИЯ (History of Science – Biology), 1990, № 9, 68-104 (1990).Ratner, V. A. Session in Memory of N. V. Timofeev-Resovskij in the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences [In Russian], Vestnik VOGis Article 4, No. 15 (2000).Izvarina, E. Nuclear project in the Urals: History in Photographs [In Russian] Nauka Urala Numbers 12-13, June 2000 .
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Cervical screening test vehicle in Taiwan Negative visual inspection with acetic acid of the cervix Positive visual inspection with acetic acid of the cervix for CIN-1 Checking cervical cells with the Papanicolaou test (Pap test) for cervical pre-cancer has dramatically reduced the number of cases of, and mortality from, cervical cancer. Liquid-based cytology may reduced the number of inadequate samples. Pap test screening every three to five years with appropriate follow-up can reduce cervical cancer incidence up to 80%. Abnormal results may suggest the presence of precancerous changes, allowing examination and possible preventive treatment, known as colposcopy.
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He was the Chair of Georgetown University's Department of Biology from 1963–1990, where he initiated the Department’s graduate program and senior-thesis requirement and increased the size of its faculty. Under his chairmanship, the Department of Biology welcomed female professors including Rita R. Colwell, Ellen J. Henderson, and Diane Wallace Taylor. The Department annually awards the Chapman Medal to senior undergraduates for outstanding research projects. George Chapman taught cytology and histology and electron microscopy to several thousand pre-dental, premedical, and other students and about 250 medical students and mentored about 24 Ph.D. theses and nine M.S. theses.
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He was born in the former USSR, where he acquired PhD in biology. Since then he worked at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland (1991–1992), Institute of Genetics and Cytology in Minsk, Belarus (1992–1994), Albany Medical Center in Albany, NY, US (1994–1996), and The University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California (1996–2012). After finishing his research career as professor at the University of Southern California in 2012, he became a writer. He is the author of the books "Emerging Medical Technologies" and "Communism: The Great Misunderstanding", which turned to be controversial but valued.
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In 1919, he accepted the chair of zoology at the University of Melbourne; his notable projects concerned marsupial chromosomes and inheritance in cattle. Doing it, he was afraid of giving up most of his ambitions; his anxiety seemed justified when he realized that he was to give all the lectures and conduct a big amount of the laboratory classes without help. He successfully challenged the Lamarckian findings of William McDougall relating to the inheritance of the effects of training in rats. Agar offered the newer disciplines of cytology and genetics and these remained his principal teaching interest.
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Capillary hemangioma The majority of IHs can be diagnosed by history and physical examination. In rare cases, imaging (ultrasound with Doppler, magnetic resonance imaging), and/or cytology or histopathology are needed to confirm the diagnosis. IHs are usually absent at birth or a small area of pallor, telangiectasias, or duskiness may be seen. A fully formed mass at birth usually indicates a diagnosis other than IH. Superficial hemangiomas in the upper dermis have a bright-red strawberry color, whereas those in the deep dermis and subcutis, deep hemangiomas, may appear blue and be firm or rubbery on palpation.
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Grilli Caiola M, Ocampo-Friedmann R, Friedmann EI. Cytology of long-term desiccation in the desert cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis (Chroococcales). Phycologia. 1993 Sep 1;32(5):315-22. Friedmann EI, Hua M, Ocampo-Friedmann RO. Terraforming Mars: dissolution of carbonate rocks by cyanobacteria. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 1993;46:291-2. Friedmann EI, Hua M, Ocampo-Friedmann R. 3.6 Cryptoendolithic lichen and cyanobacterial communities of the Ross Desert, Antarctica. Polarforschung. 1988;58(2/3):251-9. Bonani G, Friedmann EI, Ocampo-Friedmann R, McKay CP, Woelfli W. Preliminary report on radiocarbon dating of cryptoendolithic microorganisms. Polarforschung. 1988;58(2-3):199.
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At the Central Rice Research Institute he focused his attention on the diseases of rice. He was also one of the contributors to the Tamil Encyclopedia along with Professor Sadasivan. Balakrishnan's algal work was largely influenced by the late Professor M.O.P. Iyengar, who emphasized the need for information on morphology, cytology and the life history of Indian algae, information that could be utilized in teaching. All of the published work of Balakrishnan on the red algae were aimed at this objective, and a series of papers on forms ranging from Liagora to Polysiphonia was the result.
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In the eighteenth century, Carl Linnaeus established taxonomy based on structure, and his early work was with plant anatomy. While the exact structural level which is to be considered to be scientifically valid for comparison and differentiation has changed with the growth of knowledge, the basic principles were established by Linnaeus. He published his master work, Species Plantarum in 1753. In 1802, French botanist Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel, published Traité d'anatomie et de physiologie végétale (Treatise on Plant Anatomy and Physiology) establishing the beginnings of the science of plant cytology. In 1812, Johann Jacob Paul Moldenhawer published Beyträge zur Anatomie der Pflanzen, describing microscopic studies of plant tissues.
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Arthur Brückner (24 August 1877, in Dorpat – 29 March 1975, in Basel) was a German-Swiss ophthalmologist, known for his research in sensory physiology and his studies involving the cytology of the eye.Brann - Einslin / edited by Rudolf Vierhaus Deutsche Biographisches Enzyklopaedie He studied medicine at several German universities, receiving his doctorate in 1904. After graduation, he worked as an assistant to physiologist Ewald Hering at Leipzig University and ophthalmologist Carl von Hess at the University of Würzburg. In 1910 he became an associate professor of ophthalmology at the University of Königsberg, and two years later moved to Berlin, where he worked closely with ophthalmologist Emil Krückmann.
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Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology studying the structure and function of the cell, also known as the basic unit of life. Cell biology encompasses both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can be divided into many sub-topics which may include the study of cell metabolism, cell communication, cell cycle, biochemistry, and cell composition. The study of cells is performed using several techniques such as cell culture, various types of microscopy, and cell fractionation. These have allowed for and are currently being used for discoveries and research pertaining to how cells function, ultimately giving insight into understanding larger organisms.
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This series of advancements in her professorship was almost unheard of for women during Hibbard's time; the standard progression of women professors was a drawn-out process, and female professors were commonly made to either wait for the completion an installed interval of time determined by international guidelines before rising in rank or remain at their current rank. Her steady elevation in the zoology department was therefore unorthodox in her day and age. Hibbard's research conducted while at Oberlin concentrated on a variety of fields, including cytology, histology, and marine biology. Her histological studies pinpointed research concerning organs and tissues of several marine invertebrates, including limpets, earthworms, silkworms, and squid.
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The Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society is a scientific journal publishing original papers relating to the taxonomy of all plant groups and fungi, including anatomy, biosystematics, cytology, ecology, ethnobotany, electron microscopy, morphogenesis, palaeobotany, palynology and phytochemistry.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. The journal is published by the Linnean Society of London and is available in both print and searchable online formats. Like the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (published since 1858), the journal evolved from the Society's original journal Transactions, which covered early papers by Darwin and Wallace, becoming an essential, contemporary publication for all those currently working in the field of botany.
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CSF examination is the most useful diagnostic tool for NM. Patients with suspected NM should undergo one or two lumbar punctures, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), spinal MRI, and a radioisotope CSF flow study to rule out sites of CSF block. If the cytology remains negative and radiological studies are not definitive, consideration may be given to ventricular or lateral cervical spine CSF analysis based on the suspected site of predominant disease. Consideration of signs, symptoms, and neuroimaging can help with the placement to where CSF is drawn. Median time of diagnosis from initial primary cancer diagnosis is between 76 days and 17 months.
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Clinical pathology is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood, urine or cavitary effusions, or tissue aspirates using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology. The Indian, European, Japanese and American Colleges of Veterinary Pathologists certify veterinary clinical pathologists. The American College of Veterinary Pathologists certification exam consists of four parts: General Pathology (shared with the Anatomic Pathology certifying examination), Cytology and Surgical Pathology, Hematology, and Clinical Chemistry. The credential, DACVP (Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Pathologists) is usually followed by a parenthetical notation of "(Clinical Pathology)" to distinguish DACVP counterparts certified for anatomic pathology.
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Advances in the fields of histology and cytology began in the late 19th century along with advances in surgical techniques allowing for the painless and safe removal of biopsy specimens. The invention of the electron microscope brought a great advance in resolution power and allowed research into the ultrastructure of cells and the organelles and other structures within them. About the same time, in the 1950s, the use of X-ray diffraction for studying the crystal structures of proteins, nucleic acids and other biological molecules gave rise to a new field of molecular anatomy. Equally important advances have occurred in non-invasive techniques for examining the interior structures of the body.
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It was in 1952 during one of his trips to New York that he met a woman from Bronx who would become his wife, Amalia Migues, the only daughter of a Spaniard – from Pontevedra, Galicia, who emigrated to America as a child – and of a Puerto Rican mother, from Santurce. Odon Betanzos saw in her his own rebellion, and along with her intelligence, administrative ability, talent and understanding, she became irresistible. At that time, Amalia was a professor of cytology at the New York University, a private university. The courtship was brief – just a year or so – and they married on March 21, 1953.
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Up through the 19th century, the scope of biology was largely divided between medicine, which investigated questions of form and function (i.e., physiology), and natural history, which was concerned with the diversity of life and interactions among different forms of life and between life and non-life. By 1900, much of these domains overlapped, while natural history (and its counterpart natural philosophy) had largely given way to more specialized scientific disciplines—cytology, bacteriology, morphology, embryology, geography, and geology. In the course of his travels, Alexander von Humboldt mapped the distribution of plants across landscapes and recorded a variety of physical conditions such as pressure and temperature.
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A phase III clinical trial was carried out on 493 histology or cytology- confirmed stage IIIB and IV NSCLC patients with a life expectancy >3 months. Patients were treated with Endostar (rh-endostatin, YH-16), a recombinant endostatin product, in combination with vinorelbine and cisplatin (a standard chemotherapeutic regimen). The addition of Endostar to the standard chemotherapeutic regimen in these advanced NSCLC patients resulted in significant and clinically meaningful improvement in response rate, median time to progression, and clinical benefit rate compared with the chemotherapeutic regimen alone.Results of phase III trial of rh-endostatin (YH-16) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (Y.
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Stevens continued her education at Westfield Normal School (now Westfield State University) She completed the four-year course in two years and graduated with the highest scores in her class. Seeking additional training in sciences, in 1896, Stevens enrolled in newly established Stanford University, where she received her B.A. in 1899 and her M.A. in biology in 1900. She became increasingly focused on histology after completing one year of graduate work in physiology under Oliver Peebles Jenkins and his former student, and assistant professor, Frank Mace MacFarland. After studying physiology and histology at Stanford, Stevens enrolled in Bryn Mawr College to pursue her Ph.D. in cytology.
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Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: Cell biology - A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death. This is done both on a microscopic and molecular level. Cell biology research extends to both the great diversities of single-celled organisms like bacteria and the complex specialized cells in multicellular organisms like humans. Formerly, the field was called cytology (from Greek κύτος, kytos, "a hollow;" and -λογία, -logia).
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In 1961—1968 Frolova was a translator of Chinese, Japanese, English and German and a junior research assistant in the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1968 she started her career in the NSU, where she worked as assistant (1968—1971), as head teacher (1971-1979), as assistant professor (1979—1995), as professor of the Department of Humanities (1995—1999), as professor of the Foreign Languages Department (from 1999). In 1981—1999 Frolova was a member of the Academic Council of the NSU Humanities Department. And in 2001 she became a member of the Academic Council of the NSU Foreign Languages Department.
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Parthasarathy was known to have engaged in extensive research in the fields of cytology and genetics of sugar cane and rice and was credited with induction of mutations in X-radiation for the first time. The team led by him were successful in isolating haploids and Polyploids in rice and their studies were reported to have obtained twin plants with different chromosome numbers. At Central Rice Research Institute, he was instrumental in establishing interdisciplinary research programs and conducted two rice breeding courses at the institute with assistance from Food and Agriculture Organization. He attended many seminars and conferences to deliver key note addresses and published many articles.
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One such instrument—the Rapid Cell Spectrophotometer, developed by Louis Kamentsky in 1965 to automate cervical cytology—could generate blood cell scattergrams using cytochemical staining techniques. Leonard Ornstein, who had helped to develop the staining system on the Rapid Cell Spectrophotometer, and his colleagues later created the first commercial flow cytometric white blood cell differential analyzer, the Hemalog D.Shapiro, HM (2003). pp. 84–5.Melamed, M. (2001). p. 8. Introduced in 1974, this analyzer used light scattering, absorbance and cell staining to identify the five normal white blood cell types in addition to "large unidentified cells", a classification that usually consisted of atypical lymphocytes or blast cells.
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Imaging abnormalities are typically bilateral and are usually described as "pulmonary infiltrates or opacities" on chest X-ray and "ground-glass opacities" on chest CT. Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens may exhibit an increased level of neutrophils in combination with lymphocytes and vacuole-laden macrophages. Lavage cytology with oil red O staining demonstrated extensive lipid-laden alveolar macrophages. In the few cases in which lung biopsies were performed, the results were consistent with acute lung injury and included a broad range of features, such as acute fibrinous pneumonitis, diffuse alveolar damage, lipid-laden macrophages, and organizing pneumonia. Lung biopsies often showed neutrophil predominance as well, with rare eosinophils.
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He published scholarly articles in refereed journals and series, such as Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, Remote Sensing of the Environment, Biosystems, and International Review of Cytology. In 1976 he became a founding member of the Bhaktivedanta Institute, the scientific branch of ISKCON dedicated to examining the relationship of modern scientific theories to Swami Prabhupada’s Vaishnava worldview. Soon after joining ISKCON, Thompson became "ISKCON's dominating figure in science" and "established himself as the leading figure in the movement's critique of modern science in the light of Vedic spiritual (or 'higher-dimensional') science." He formulated ISKCON's view on the concept of "higher-dimensional science" and wrote extensively on scientific subjects from this perspective.
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In 1918, Sax took a job as an instructor in the Department of Genetics at the University of California, Berkeley, where he worked with E. B. Babcock on the genetics of the genus Crepis. In 1920 he took an appointment at the Riverbank Laboratories in Geneva, Illinois working on wheat genetics, but he moved on from that job soon after when he took a position at the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station in Orono, Maine. In 1928 he left Orono to take a teaching position in Harvard's genetics department at the Bussey Institution. However, the department was dissolved before his arrival, and he transferred to the cytology department at the University's Biological Laboratories in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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In 1933, working in Zürich, Switzerland, Reichstein succeeded, independently of Sir Norman Haworth and his collaborators in the United Kingdom, in synthesizing vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in what is now called the Reichstein process. Together with Edward Calvin Kendall and Philip Showalter Hench, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for their work on hormones of the adrenal cortex which culminated in the isolation of cortisone. In 1951, he and Kendall were jointly awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh. In later years, Reichstein became interested in the phytochemistry and cytology of ferns, publishing at least 80 papers on these subjects in the last three decades of his life.
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At the institute, she introduced tissue culture methods that she had learned in the U.S. Among her many contributions was the demonstration that cancer could be propagated by cell-free filtrates containing viruses She was the first German woman to lead a university institute. Erdmann also founded the periodical Archiv für experimentelle Zellforschung in 1925 and served as its editor until her death. She conceived the idea of an International Society for Experimental Cytology and served as permanent its general secretary. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, she was banned from laboratory work having been denounced by the eugenicist Henry Zeiss and the orthopedic surgeon Hermann Gocht as being Jewish.
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Several new studies have started to address the concept of modeling genetic disorders with embryonic stem cells. Either by genetically manipulating the cells, or more recently, by deriving diseased cell lines identified by prenatal genetic diagnosis (PGD), modeling genetic disorders is something that has been accomplished with stem cells. This approach may very well prove valuable at studying disorders such as Fragile-X syndrome, Cystic fibrosis, and other genetic maladies that have no reliable model system. Yury Verlinsky, a Russian-American medical researcher who specialized in embryo and cellular genetics (genetic cytology), developed prenatal diagnosis testing methods to determine genetic and chromosomal disorders a month and a half earlier than standard amniocentesis.
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Around 1940, largely via cancer research at Rockefeller Institute, cell biology emerged as a new discipline filling the vast gap between cytology and biochemistry by applying new technology —ultracentrifuge and electron microscope— to identify and deconstruct cell structures, functions, and mechanisms. The two new sciences interlaced, cell and molecular biology. Mindful of Griffith and Avery, Joshua Lederberg confirmed bacterial conjugation —reported decades earlier but controversial— and was awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. At Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Long Island, New York, Delbrück and Salvador Luria led the Phage Group —hosting Watson— discovering details of cell physiology by tracking changes to bacteria upon infection with their viruses, the process transduction.
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In postmenopausal women, and in those who have fulfilled their reproductive wishes, the following standardised procedures will be carried out: a thorough exploration of the abdominal cavity, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, total hysterectomy, inframesocolic omentectomy, peritoneal lavage to obtain samples for cytology, resection of macroscopically suspicious lesions, and multiple peritoneal biopsies (including omentum, intestinal serosa, mesentery, pelvic, and abdominal peritoneum), although this practice is in disuse due to its low sensitivity and the apparent lack of utility of randomised biopsies where no suspicious lesions are present. In addition, in cases of mucinous BOT, appendectomies are performed to exclude ovarian metastasis whose origin is a primary carcinoma of the appendix. Table 1. Factors for bad BOT prognosis.
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When a nodule is present, thyroid function tests determine whether the nodule is secreting excess thyroid hormones, causing hyperthyroidism. When the thyroid function tests are normal, an ultrasound is often used to investigate the nodule, and provide information such as whether the nodule is fluid-filled or a solid mass, and whether the appearance is suggestive of a benign or malignant cancer. A needle aspiration biopsy may then be performed, and the sample undergoes cytology, in which the appearance of cells is viewed to determine whether they resemble normal or cancerous cells. The presence of multiple nodules is called a multinodular goitre; and if it is associated with hyperthyroidism, it is called a toxic multinodular goitre.
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Other Grant Review Committee members represent such institutions as the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Duke University Medical Center. The Center's funding of basic research epitomizes the high standards of founder Dr. James Ernest Ayre. Dr. James Ernest Ayre was a ground-breaking gynecologist dedicated to cancer research by ways of immunology and cytology detection. He was the co-inventor of the Ayre spatula, a wooden device used to collect cervical cells in women to detect cancer, and a strong advocate for early cancer screening. The National Cancer Center funds these research programs: The Breast Cancer Project, The Children’s Cancer Project, Aggressive Cancer Research, Fighting Childhood Leukemia, and The Prostate Cancer Project.
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ULA is one of the universities most actively engaged in research in Venezuela, consistently ranking among the top two or three universities in Venezuela across all disciplines. In 2009, ULA was ranked 37th out of the 437 Latin American universities and research institutes evaluated by the Ranking Iberoamericano de Instituciones de Investigacion. Active graduate research groups include: Kinetics & Catalysis, Polymer Chemistry, Behavioral Physiology, Biotechnology, Enzimology, Parasitology, Cytology, Pharmacology, Toxicology, Analytical and Molecular Spectroscopy, Geophysics, Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Applied and Theoretical Physics, Magnetism of Solids, Urban Environmental Quality, Finance, Entrepreneurial Development, Agricultural Management, Criminology, Comparative Politics, Environmental Geopolitics, International Politics, Ethnography, Linguistics, Semiolinguistics, Phonetics, Gender Studies, Latin American Arts and Literature, Medieval Studies, etc.
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He served as the founder president of the Federation of Asian Scientific Academies and Societies when the federation was formed in 1984 and has presided the Society of Cytologists and Geneticists, India (1976–78), Botanical Society of Bengal (1977–79), Indian Science Congress Association (1981), Indian Society of Cell Biology (1979–80), Indian Botanical Society (1980) and the Indian National Science Academy (1983–84). He is a former chief editor of The Nucleus journal of Springer and has been a member of the editorial boards of such journals as Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, the Journal of Cytology and Genetics, Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Indian Journal of Experimental Biology.
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At the end of the 1800s, the development of very thin and consistently thin samples by microtomy, together with the selective staining of important cell components or molecules allowed for the visualisation of microscope details.Werner Linß, Werner Linb, Jochen Fanghänel: Histologie: Zytologie, allgemeine Histologie, mikroskopische Anatomie. (Histology: Cytology, general Histology, microscopial anatomy) Walter de Gruyter, 1998, (Google-Books) Today, the majority of microtomes are a knife-block design with a changeable knife, a specimen holder and an advancement mechanism. In most devices the cutting of the sample begins by moving the sample over the knife, where the advancement mechanism automatically moves forward such that the next cut for a chosen thickness can be made.
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The Kirkland and District Hospital is a public hospital which was established in 1976 to serve Kirkland Lake, Ontario, Canada and area. The hospital has a total of 62 beds, including 6 intensive care, 2 obstetrics, 39 medical/surgical and 15 chronic beds plus 280 full-time and part-time staff. Departmental laboratories include haematology, chemistry, blood bank and cryogenics sections and referred out microbiology, cytology and pathology services as well as diagnostic services including echocardiography, pulmonary function testing, exercise stress testing, radiography, mammography, ultrasound, doppler facilities and fetal monitoring capabilities. Kirkland and District Hospital is part of the NORTH Network, a telemedicine network affiliated with Lady Minto Hospital in Cochrane, Timmins and District Hospital and the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto.
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Hermann Fol Hermann Fol (23 July 1845, Saint-Mandé – 13 March 1892) was a Swiss zoologist and the father of modern cytology. After studying medicine and zoology with Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919) at the University of Jena where he was a pupil of François Jules Pictet de la Rive (1809–1872) and René-Édouard Claparède (1832-1871), he accompanied Haeckel on a prolonged scientific journey (1866 and 1867) around the coasts of West Africa and of the Canary Islands. On his return to Europe he undertook medical studies in Heidelberg and completed them by obtaining his diploma in 1869 in Zurich and Berlin. In 1871 he studied planktonic fauna in Villefranche-sur-Mer on the recommendation of Carl Vogt (1817–1895).
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He later moved his European- based studies to Paris and to the marine laboratory at the French fishing village of Roscoff, located on the English channel. Just authored two books, Basic Methods for Experiments on Eggs of Marine Animals (1939) and The Biology of the Cell Surface (1939), and he also published at least seventy papers in the areas of cytology, fertilization and early embryonic development. He discovered what is known as the fast block to polyspermy; he further elucidated the slow block, which had been discovered by Fol in the 1870s; and he showed that the adhesive properties of the cells of the early embryo are surface phenomena exquisitely dependent on developmental stage.Just, E. E. (1939), The Biology of the Cell Surface.
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Biomedical Sciences, as defined by the UK Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education Benchmark Statement in 2015 includes those science disciplines whose primary focus is the biology of human health and disease and ranges from the generic study of biomedical sciences and human biology to more specialised subject areas such as pharmacology, human physiology and human nutrition. It is underpinned by relevant basic sciences including anatomy and physiology, cell biology, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics and molecular biology, immunology, mathematics and statistics, and bioinformatics. "Biomedical scientist" is the protected title used by professionals qualified to work unsupervised within the pathology department of a hospital. The biomedical sciences are made up of the following disciplines; biochemistry, haematology, immunology, microbiology, histology, cytology, and transfusion services.
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At the present time, DIM is used to treat recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), a rare respiratory disease with tumors in the upper respiratory tracts caused by the human papilloma virus. In a preliminary study on 64 women, it was well tolerated at the studied dose (2 mg/kg/day), showing some promising results as an immunostimulant against human papilloma virus infection of the cervix, but not at a statistically significant level. In a subsequent double- blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 600 women, DIM in vivo had no effect on cytology regarding cervical dysplasia, a precancerous condition also caused by the human papilloma virus. DIM has been demonstrated to work synergistically with genistein (from soy), in causing apoptotic gene expression in breast cancer cells.
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It led to later research by others which resulted in the confirmation that this virus was required for the genesis of cervical cancer (and how the virus acts to do this). This led ultimately to the development of a vaccine or vaccines which theoretically can eradicate the second most common female cancer worldwide. Articles on quality assurance in cytology published by Dr Laverty and his team concerned the importance of targeted sampling of the transformation zone (where most precancer and cancer occurs), sampling implement choice, reporting terminology and management recommendations. He was also interested in the cytologic recognition of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (an important subset of cervical cancer precursors) and demonstrated a place for HPV in this form of cervical cancer also.
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Drawing by Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1899) of neurons in the pigeon cerebellum Neuroscience (or neurobiology) is the scientific study of the nervous system. It combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, mathematical modeling, and psychology to understand the fundamental and emergent properties of neurons and neural circuits. The understanding of the biological basis of learning, memory, behavior, perception, and consciousness has been described by Eric Kandel as the "ultimate challenge" of the biological sciences. The scope of neuroscience has broadened over time to include different approaches used to study the nervous system at different scales and the techniques used by neuroscientists have expanded enormously, from molecular and cellular studies of individual neurons to imaging of sensory, motor and cognitive tasks in the brain.
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Ultrasound imaging is useful as the first-line, non-invasive investigation in determining the size, texture, position, and vascularity of a nodule, accessing lymph nodes metastasis in the neck, and for guiding fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or biopsy. Ultrasonographic findings will also guide the indication to biopsy and the long term follow-up. High frequency transducer (7–12 MHz) is used to scan the thyroid nodule, while taking cross-sectional and longitudinal sections during scan. Suspicious findings in a nodule are hypoechoic, ill-defined margins, absence of peripheral halo or irregular margin, fine, punctate microcalcifications, presence of solid nodule, high levels of irregular blood flow within the nodule or "taller-than-wide sign" (anterior-posterior diameter is greater than transverse diameter of a nodule).
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Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ) (中国科学院昆明动物研究所), one of the 20 biological institutes under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), is one of China's first class zoological research institutes, located in Kunming, Yunnan province. The Institute has access to the unique and diversified animal resources of the Eastern Himalayas as well as a wide variety of the species from across Southeast Asia, the southern parts of Yunnan province being part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. KIZ focuses on life science research, with research groups including systematic zoology, conservation biology, cytology, molecular biology, genome evolution, reproductive and developmental biology, neurobiology, immunological biology on important virus disease, zoological toxicology and primate biology.
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More recent programs have been launched at MIT and Utah State University. Many old agricultural engineering departments in universities over the world have re- branded themselves as agricultural and biological engineering or agricultural and biosystems engineering, due to biological engineering as a whole being a rapidly developing field with fluid categorization. According to Professor Doug Lauffenburger of MIT, biological engineering has a broad base which applies engineering principles to an enormous range of size and complexities of systems. These systems range from the molecular level (molecular biology, biochemistry, microbiology, pharmacology, protein chemistry, cytology, immunology, neurobiology and neuroscience) to cellular and tissue-based systems (including devices and sensors), to whole macroscopic organisms (plants, animals), and can even range up to entire ecosystems.
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Before molecular methods became available, the presence of holocentric chromosomes was evaluated mostly using cytology and, considering that many species are difficult to study cytologically, it can be surmised that the true presence of holocentrism may be underestimated. In addition, there are several taxa, whose chromosomes are still uncharacterized, but their phylogenetic position suggests that they should have holocentric chromosomes. The presence of holocentric chromosomes has been up till now assessed in about 800 species, including insects, plants, arachnids, and nematodes suggesting that generally holocentric chromosomes originated by convergent evolution from ancestors possessing monocentric chromosomes. Interesting exceptions are represented by insects belonging to Oligoneoptera and Neoptera, whose monocentric chromosomes probably evolved from holocentric ancestor in two different and independent events.
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In 1951, Herb Wagner, while reviewing Irene Manton's Problems of Cytology and Evolution in the Pteridophyta, suggested in passing that A. pinnatifidum itself might represent a hybrid between A. montanum and A. rhizophyllum. In 1953, he made chromosome counts of A. × trudellii, which had been classified by some simply as a variety of A. pinnatifidum. As A. pinnatifidum proved to be a tetraploid while A. montanum was a diploid, a hybrid between them would be a triploid, and Wagner showed that this was in fact the case for A. × trudellii. His further experiments, published the following year, strongly suggested that A. pinnatifidum is an allotetraploid, the product of hybridization between A. montanum and A. rhizophyllum to form a sterile diploid, followed by chromosome doubling that restored fertility.
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With genetic continuity confirmed and the finding by Eduard Strasburger that the nuclei of reproductive cells (in pollen and embryo) have a reducing division (halving of chromosomes, now known as meiosis) the field of heredity was opened up. By 1926 Thomas Morgan was able to outline a theory of the gene and its structure and function. The form and function of plastids received similar attention, the association with starch being noted at an early date. With observation of the cellular structure of all organisms and the process of cell division and continuity of genetic material, the analysis of the structure of protoplasm and the cell wall as well as that of plastids and vacuoles – what is now known as cytology, or cell theory became firmly established.
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Up through the 19th century, the scope of zoology was largely divided between physiology, which investigated questions of form and function, and natural history, which was concerned with the diversity of life and interactions among different forms of life and between life and non-life. By 1900, much of these domains overlapped, while natural history (and its counterpart natural philosophy) had largely given way to more specialized scientific disciplines—cytology, bacteriology, morphology, embryology, geography, and geology. Widespread travel by naturalists in the early-to- mid-19th century resulted in a wealth of new information about the diversity and distribution of living organisms. Of particular importance was the work of Alexander von Humboldt, which analyzed the relationship between organisms and their environment (i.e.
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Equally important in the rise of ecology, however, were microbiology and soil science—particularly the cycle of life concept, prominent in the work Louis Pasteur and Ferdinand Cohn. The word ecology was coined by Ernst Haeckel, whose particularly holistic view of nature in general (and Darwin's theory in particular) was important in the spread of ecological thinking. In the 1930s, Arthur Tansley and others began developing the field of ecosystem ecology, which combined experimental soil science with physiological concepts of energy and the techniques of field biology. Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary branch of science that combines physiology, neuroanatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, mathematical modeling and psychology to understand the fundamental and emergent properties of neurons, glia, nervous systems and neural circuits.
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Protoplasm is the living part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane. In some definitions, it is a general term for the cytoplasm (e.g., Mohl, 1846), but for others, it also includes the nucleoplasm (e.g., Strasburger, 1882). For Sharp (1921), "According to the older usage the extra- nuclear portion of the protoplast [the entire cell, excluding the cell wall] was called "protoplasm," but the nucleus also is composed of protoplasm, or living substance in its broader sense. The current consensus is to avoid this ambiguity by employing Strasburger's [(1882)] terms cytoplasm [coined by Kölliker (1863), originally as synonym for protoplasm] and nucleoplasm ([term coined by van Beneden (1875), or] karyoplasm, [used by] Flemming [(1878)])".Sharp, L. W. (1921). Introduction To Cytology. New York: McGraw Hill, p. 25.Strasburger, E. (1882).
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Gustaf Otto Rosenberg Gustaf Otto Rosenberg, termed Otto Rosenberg in publications, born June 9, 1872 in Gothenburg, Sweden, died November 30, 1948, was a Swedish botanist; son of Johan Olof Rosenberg. Rosenberg studied in Uppsala, Stockholm and Bonn, he gained a bachelor's degree at the University of Uppsala in 1895, and a PhD in Bonn in 1899 where he studied under Eduard Strasburger (1844–1912). His PhD thesis addressed the cytological changes that occur in the cells of the Sundew plant (Drosera) when they are irritated. Also in 1899, he became an associate professor of Botany at the University of Stockholm. Rosenberg worked at the Botanical Institute in Stockholm from 1904 and was promoted to a professorship in plant anatomy and cytology in 1911, at the same university.
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The presence of cancer (adenocarcinoma) detected on a Pap test Cervical cancer ranks among the top three most common cancers among women in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Asia. Cervical cytology screening aims to detect abnormal lesions in the cervix so that women can undergo treatment prior to the development of cancer. Given that high quality screening and follow-up care has been shown to reduce cervical cancer rates by up to 80%, most developed countries now encourage sexually active women to undergo a Pap test every 3–5 years. Finland and Iceland have developed effective organized programs with routine monitoring and have managed to significantly reduce cervical cancer mortality while using fewer resources than unorganized, opportunistic programs such as those in the United States or Canada.
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In 1961, Palay accepted an invitation to become the Bullard Professor of Neuroanatomy at Harvard Medical School. A dominant figure in the field of the fine structure of the nervous system, Palay and his colleagues improved the quality of preservation of central nervous tissue by the introduction of a method to fix central nervous tissue by perfusion with osmic acid. He and his wife Victoria Chan-Palay carried out detailed analyses of the cerebellum, and this work culminated in the publication of their book Cerebellar Cortex: Cytology and Organization (published in 1974). In 1970, he co-authored The Fine Structure of the Nervous System (with Alan Peters and Harry Webster) to serve as a guide in the analysis of electron micrographs of the nervous system; three editions have been published, the last one in 1991.
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Innovative experimental methods such as Louis Pasteur's contributed to the young field of bacteriology in the late 19th century. Cell theory led zoologists to re-envision individual organisms as interdependent assemblages of individual cells. Scientists in the rising field of cytology, armed with increasingly powerful microscopes and new staining methods, soon found that even single cells were far more complex than the homogeneous fluid-filled chambers described by earlier microscopists. Much of the research on cell reproduction came together in August Weismann's theory of heredity: he identified the nucleus (in particular chromosomes) as the hereditary material, proposed the distinction between somatic cells and germ cells (arguing that chromosome number must be halved for germ cells, a precursor to the concept of meiosis), and adopted Hugo de Vries's theory of pangenes.
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Sømme and Bonnevie published studies on polydactyly ('Postaxial polydactylism in six generations of a Norwegian family' in 1922), and twins ('Hereditary predisposition to dizygotic twin- births in Norwegian peasant families' in 1926). Upon hearing of the growing work being done by William Bateson on genetics at the John Innes Horticultural Institute (now the John Innes Centre) in the UK, Sømme wrote to Bateson requesting to join him working on Primula sinensis, crossing the North Sea in 1921, initially as a volunteer. During her time working in the 'Ladies Lab' with other female geneticists including Caroline Pellew and Dorothea De Winton, Sømme studied Primula sinensis genetics and cytology. The research she conducted at the John Innes Horticultural Institute formed part of her doctoral dissertation, which was finished in 1931.
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Although the vast majority of lichen mycobionts are from the Ascomycota, in 1937 German lichenogist Friedrich Tobler believed the mycobiont to be a basidiomycete, because he interpreted some unusual microscopic structures to be clamp connections, structures associated only with the basidiomycete fungi. In another publication later that year, he specified the mycobiont to be a hymenomycete, and described the monotypic genus Herpothallion to supersede the old name Chiodecton sanguineum. Although Vernon Ahmadjian corroborated the presence of clamp connections in the species when he studied the species' cytology in 1967, other researchers did not find clamp connections in specimens collected from different countries. Further doubt was cast on the possibility of a basidiomycete mycobiont with the discovery of the depside confluentic acid in 1966, concentric bodies in 1975, and woronin bodies in 1983, as all of these characteristics are restricted to Ascomycetes.
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Most patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer will receive a CT scan of the chest and abdomen to search for abnormality within the lungs and lymph nodes, as well as abnormal areas in more distal organs such as adrenal glands and liver that might arise from the metastasis of lung cancer. For patient with limited-stage small cell lung cancer, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan is a useful diagnostic tool to investigate the extent of lymph node involvements, which can help determine treatment options. Though results of imaging test might be suggestive of lung cancer, the actual diagnosis is made by investigating the lung cells under the microscope via lab tests. The cells can be obtained from lung secretions (sputum cytology), fluid removed from pleural effusion (thoracentesis), or from a suspicious area (needle biopsy).
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Sapp, Genesis, chapter 7; Coleman, Biology in the Nineteenth Century, chapters 2 Cell theory led biologists to re-envision individual organisms as interdependent assemblages of individual cells. Scientists in the rising field of cytology, armed with increasingly powerful microscopes and new staining methods, soon found that even single cells were far more complex than the homogeneous fluid-filled chambers described by earlier microscopists. Robert Brown had described the nucleus in 1831, and by the end of the 19th century cytologists identified many of the key cell components: chromosomes, centrosomes mitochondria, chloroplasts, and other structures made visible through staining. Between 1874 and 1884 Walther Flemming described the discrete stages of mitosis, showing that they were not artifacts of staining but occurred in living cells, and moreover, that chromosomes doubled in number just before the cell divided and a daughter cell was produced.
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Julian Huxley presented a serious but popularising version of the theory in his 1942 book Evolution: The Modern Synthesis. In 1942, Julian Huxley's serious but popularising Evolution: The Modern Synthesis introduced a name for the synthesis and intentionally set out to promote a "synthetic point of view" on the evolutionary process. He imagined a wide synthesis of many sciences: genetics, developmental physiology, ecology, systematics, palaeontology, cytology, and mathematical analysis of biology, and assumed that evolution would proceed differently in different groups of organisms according to how their genetic material was organised and their strategies for reproduction, leading to progressive but varying evolutionary trends. His vision was of an "evolutionary humanism", with a system of ethics and a meaningful place for "Man" in the world grounded in a unified theory of evolution which would demonstrate progress leading to man at its summit.
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Northern Michigan University is accredited by the Commission on Institutions of Higher Education of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. All education programs are accredited by the Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC). Other accreditations include the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology; American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance; American Chemical Society; American Society of Cytology; Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Professionals (Surgical Technology); Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care of the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs; Council on Social Work Education; Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Certification; International Association of Counseling Services, Inc.; Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology; Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulation, State Board of Nursing; National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences; and the National Association of Schools of Music.
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Bladder cancer is more common after the age of 40, and more common in men than women; other risk factors include smoking and exposure to dyes such as aromatic amines and aldehydes. When cancer is present, the most common symptom in an affected person is blood in the urine; a physical medical examination may be otherwise normal, except in late disease. Bladder cancer is most often due to cancer of the cells lining the ureter, called transitional cell carcinoma, although it can more rarely occur as a squamous cell carcinoma if the type of cells lining the urethra have changed due to chronic inflammation, such as due to stones or schistosomiasis. Investigations performed usually include collecting a sample of urine for an inspection for malignant cells under a microscope, called cytology, as well as medical imaging by a CT urogram or ultrasound.
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After attending Steyning Grammar School, Shepherd studied for a BSc in botany at Plymouth University and was awarded the Eden Project Prize for her thesis in which she initiated the restoration of Plymouth's historic Drakes Place Gardens. During her time at university Shepherd dedicated time to researching and cataloguing the 19th Century Thomas Bruges Flower (1817–1899) herbarium at Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery alongside her studies. After graduating from Plymouth University, she secured a NERC funded grant to study for a MSc in Botanical Taxonomy at University of Edinburgh and graduated with a distinction after studying the Cytology of Campanula rotundifolia for her thesis. Following her attendance at Edinburgh Shepherd was funded by the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation to conduct two years of research into the 18th Century St. Aubyn (1758–1839) herbarium and mineral collection at Plymouth City Museum.
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Eric John Godley (10 May 1919 – 27 June 2010) OBE, FRSNZ, Hon FLS, Hon DSc (Cantuar.), AHRNZIH was a New Zealand botanist and academic biographer. He is best known for his long-running series of in the popular magazine New Zealand Gardener and his "Biographical notes" series that ran in the New Zealand Botanical Society Newsletter and which is the prime resource on the lives of many New Zealand botanists. Born in the Auckland suburb of Devonport to parents Rupert and Louise E. Godley, Godley grew up in Auckland and did his BSc at MSc at Auckland University College, followed by service in World War II and a PhD at Cambridge in cytology and genetics under Ronald Fisher. He returned to lecture at Auckland before moving to the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research at Lincoln, rising to Director of the Botany Division 1958–1981.
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The AMS published one America's first scientific journals, Invertebrate Biology (1995–present), which has gone under the names Proceedings of the American Society of Microscopists (1880-1891), Proceedings of the American Microscopical Society(1892-1894), and Transactions of the American Microscopical Society (1895-1994). At its inception, these publications welcomed research about the practical applications of microscopy on a range of biological fields including study of protozoa, algae, fungi, vascular plants, bacteria, invertebrates, and vertebrate histology and cytology. However, as the publication shifted to focus on invertebrate biology, the name was changed from Transactions of the American Microscopical Society to Invertebrate Biology in order to better represent this shift. The new publication continued Transactions from volume 114, and currently its content centers around all aspects of the biology of invertebrates–not only microscopy, but also research involving cellular and molecular biology, ecology, physiology, genetics, systematics, behavior, and biogeography.
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Dmitry Konstantinovich Belyayev (Russian: Дми́трий Константи́нович Беля́ев, 17 July 1917 – 14 November 1985) was a Russian geneticist and academician who served as director of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G;) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, from 1959 to 1985. His decades-long effort to breed domesticated silver foxes was described by The New York Times as “arguably the most extraordinary breeding experiment ever conducted.” A 2010 article in Scientific American stated that Belyayev “may be the man most responsible for our understanding of the process by which wolves were domesticated into our canine companions.” Beginning in the 1950s, in order to uncover the genetic basis of the distinctive behavioral and physiological attributes of domesticated animals, Belyayev and his team spent decades breeding the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) and selecting for reproduction only those individuals in each generation that showed the least fear of humans.
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This commemorative has many photographs of Timofeev-Resovskij.Ratner, V. A. Session in Memory of N. V. Timofeev-Resovskij in the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences [In Russian], Vestnik VOGis Article 4, No. 15 (2000).Izvarina, E. Nuclear project in the Urals: History in Photographs [In Russian] Nauka Urala Numbers 12-13, June 2000 . (In 1955, Laboratory B was closed. Some of its personnel were transferred elsewhere, but most of them were assimilated into a new, second nuclear weapons institute, Scientific Research Institute-1011, NII-1011, today known as the Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics, RFYaTs–VNIITF. NII-1011 had the designation предприятие п/я 0215, i.e., enterprise post office box 0215 and Объект 0215; the latter designation has also been used in reference to Laboratory B after its closure and assimilation into NII-1011.
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When cancer is present, the most common symptom in an affected person is blood in the urine; a physical medical examination may be otherwise normal, except in late disease. Cancer of the urethra is most often due to cancer of the cells lining the urethra, called transitional cell carcinoma, although it can more rarely occur as a squamous cell carcinoma if the type of cells lining the urethra have changed, such as due to a chronic schistosomiasis infection. Investigations performed usually include collecting a sample of urine for an inspection for malignant cells under a microscope, called cytology, as well as examination with a flexible camera through the urethra, called urethroscopy. If a malignancy is found, a biopsy will be taken, and a CT scan will be performed of other body parts (a CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis) to look for additional lesions.
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He established the Centre for Industry Institution Partnership Program (CIIPP), a forum for dialogue between industry representatives and academicians, and also contributed in making the University campus, a smoke-free and polythene-free green campus. Sobti's early researches were linked to cancer biology and some of his writings, which comprise 22 books and 246 articles, were based on his cancer researches. ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific articles, has listed 156 of his articles and they are reported to have been cited over 2000 times, with an h-index of 18. He has handled several projects for University Grants Commission, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Biotechnology and the Ministry of Human Resource Development and has been a member of the Editorial Boards of journals such as Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Cytology and Genetics, and the Indian Journal of Human Genetics.
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Arun Kumar Sharma (1924–2017), popularly known as AKS, was an Indian cytogeneticist, cell biologist, cytochemist and a former Sir Rashbehary Ghose Professor and Head of the Department of Botany at the University of Kolkata, College of Science and Technology. Considered by many as the father of Indian cytology, he headed the Centre for Advanced Study on Cell and Chromosome at the University and is known for his contributions to the studies on the physical and chemical nature of chromosomes. A Jawaharlal Nehru fellow, he is a recipient of several honors including the Om Prakash Bhasin Award and the VASVIK Industrial Research Award. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1967, for his contributions to biological sciences.
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He was known to have diverse interests, including "art and art history, archeology and anthropology, agronomy and horticulture, history of science, geography and cartography, cytology, and protozoology, as well as marine invertebrate zoology" A 2012 article in the San Francisco Chronicle describes him as, "One of those 19th century polymaths, Eisen also studied malaria- vector mosquitoes, founded a vineyard in Fresno, introduced avocados and Smyrna figs to California, campaigned to save the giant sequoias, and wrote a multivolume book about the Holy Grail." He is perhaps best known for his studies of oligochete worms and many species were named after him including those in the genus Eisenia. In addition, he is considered to have been responsible for the introduction of the avocado and the smyrna fig to California and he wrote a detailed history of figs Eisen, G. A. 1901. The fig: its history, culture, and curing, with a descriptive catalogue of the known varieties of figs.
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After her graduate studies in Paris, she obtained, at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS, 1952), a DES, prepared under the direction of Professor Roger Buvat. She began her career at the CNRS (1953), passed her State thesis (February 1958) and became a supervisor at the ENS (1960), preparing for the agrégation, recruited her first thesis students and then became Professor (1964) at the University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, where she developed her laboratory of Experimental Cytology and Plant Morphogenesis (CEMV), directed the DEA of the same name and integrated new thesis students and numerous trainees. Arlette Nougarède taught in all cycles until 1992 when she ended her career as Professor Emeritus, exceptional class 2. The CEMV laboratory has regularly welcomed renowned foreign Professors: G. Bernier (Belgium), E.M. Gifford (USA), P.E. Pilet (Switzerland), C. Sterling (USA), S. Tepfer (USA), D. Francis (England), N. Bagni (Italy), who have come for collaborative work or to adapt to their equipment the new technologies developed in the team.
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He later returned to the Institute of Comparative Anatomy as an assistant to Aleksey Cevertsov, a founder of animal evolutionary morphology. From there he returned to academia, passing his master’s examinations in 1914 and serving as an assistant professor at the now-renamed Moscow State University (MSU) starting in 1919. From 1922 to 1925 he was a senior researcher at the hydrobiological station at Deep Lake (Moscow Oblast), and from 1924 to 1937 was head of the Subdepartment of Developmental Mechanics at the People’s Commissariat of Health’s Institute of Experimental Biology (later the Institute of Cytology, Histology and Embryology of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union). From 1931 to 1941 Dmitriy Filatov headed the Department of Embryonic Morphology Mechanics at MSU’s Institute of Experimental Morphology, and from 1936 was a full professor at the university. He became head of Moscow State University’s Subdepartment of Embryology in 1940, the first such department in the country.
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Dutta, whose researches on experimental protozoology assisted in a wider understanding of protozoa and its functional morphology, is known to have developed new techniques for the culture of those unicellular eukaryotic organisms and studied their metabolic and growth responses to physico-chemical factors, with special emphasis on Entamoeba histolytica, an anaerobic parasite which causes amoebiasis. His work on the antimalarial drugs helped in the development of several fast-acting drugs and alpha/beta arteether, alpha and beta arteether, alpha and beta artelinate, dihydroartemisinin, pyronaridine, bulaquine and Tefenoquine are some of drugs developed with the assistance of his researches. Dutta's researches have been detailed in over 275 articles and two books, Antimalarial Drug Development and Prophylaxis against Malaria and Experimental and Clinical Studies on Amoebiasis. The International Review of Cytology of Academic Press has published five of reviews, three on Cytochemistry and ultrastructure of Protozoa and two on Amoebiasis and ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific articles, has listed 130 of his papers.
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Division of Perinatal Biology (3), Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics (4), Department of Pediatrics (5), Departments of Anatomy (6), Physiology and Pharmacology (7), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, 92354; Molecular Cytology Laboratory (8), Veterans Administration Medical Center, Loma Linda, California. Medical Practice/Teaching: Before he veered into politics and public service back home in Nigeria, Dr. Nnamani was an attending physician in the following health facilities in the United States: Loma Linda University Medical Center, California; San Bernardino County Medical Center, California; Riverside General Hospital, California; Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida; and Arnold Palmer Hospital for Women and Children, Orlando, Florida. He was a maternal and fetal medicine specialist with the Maternal and Fetal Medicine Associates, Principal Practicing Group, Orlando, Florida. Professional Societies: He belonged to a number of professional societies such as the Society for Perinatal Obstetricians, American Society for Cell Biology, Society for Gynecologic Investigations, American Institute for Ultrasound in Medicine, and Licensure of California, New York, West Virginia, Virginia, Florida and District of Columbia.
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Coico received a bachelor of science degree Brooklyn College of The City University of New York (CUNY), in 1976, and a doctorate from Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences (GSMS, formerly known as Cornell University Graduate School of Medical Sciences), in 1981. At GSMS, Coico worked as a student research assistant and studied with the known cell biologist Zbyszek Darzynkiewicz, a professor of biochemistry and researcher of cell differentiation and carcinogenesis, and flow cytometry techniques for characterizing epithelial differentiation. Coico also studied with Myron Melamed, a GSMC professor of biology and scientist with an international reputation, who had co-authored the seminal cytometry publication in Science, "Spectrophotometer: New Instruments for Ultra-rapid Cell Analysis," with Louis Kamentsky of Columbia University's IBM Watson Laboratory and Marc E. Weksler, a professor of medicine and eventual Irving Sherwood Wright Professor of Geriatrics at Weill Cornell. In graduate school, Coico participated in faculty sponsored research in teaching laboratory settings, such as the Laboratory of Investigative Cytology and the Walker Laboratory in Rye, New York.
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