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"ice field" Definitions
  1. a large area of ice, especially one near the North or South Pole
"ice field" Synonyms
ice frozen water ice crystal ice cube icicle frost glacier glacial mass glaze iceberg ice cap ice sheet stalactite black ice hailstone hoarfrost icecap rime verglas berg
"ice field" Antonyms
fire blaze flame inferno

289 Sentences With "ice field"

How to use ice field in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "ice field" and check conjugation/comparative form for "ice field". Mastering all the usages of "ice field" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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She was brought to an ICE field station in San Bernardino while handcuffed.
"It is absolutely a crisis," said Henry Lucero, the ICE field director for Arizona.
It was at the ICE field office in Phoenix, not the Eloy Detention Center.
Rachael Yong Yow, a spokeswoman for the New York ICE field office, confirmed the arrest.
Last September, an ICE field office put an ankle bracelet with a GPS monitor on Adi.
ICE Field Office Director Corey Price said he hopes to change the public perception of ICE detention.
This demonstration at the ICE field office in Portland, Oregon, has been going on nonstop since June 2000th.
At that point, Ramirez's attorneys say, he was arrested and taken to an ICE field office south of Seattle.
Among the biggest puzzles Pluto presents us with is a vast, crater-free ice field informally known as Sputnik Planum.
After the demonstrators surrounded the ICE field office, he managed to escape but his car was scratched and tires slashed.
Those participating in the ice field expedition will cover roughly 30 miles picking their way around crevasses retracing Shackleton's route.
The government arranged the 57 reunifications on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday behind closed doors at ICE field offices around the country.
At the ICE field office in Portland, the officers put Rodríguez in a cold room and served him lunch, a burrito.
Rodriguez — who officials said had an outstanding warrant — was taken to an Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) field office in Seattle.
Industry certainly has their eyes on the Arctic; we were, after all, testing how a drillship would survive a northern ice field.
They progressed only 150 yards farther into the ice field by the end of the day — scarcely more than a football field.
The ice field is chilled by a "cold trap" of air that insulates the crater and keeps it perennially filled with frozen water.
His attorney said ICE never arrived to pick up his client, so Tukwila police volunteered to take him to the ICE field office.
Piqueux and his team discovered the ice field when they examined data from NASA&aposs Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and Mars Odyssey orbiter.
Afterward, he returned to the spot to make his photograph: a white ice field, riddled with melt holes, like a sweater ravaged by moths.
The Philadelphia ICE field office arrests more immigrants without criminal convictions than any other ICE region: 64 percent of its "at-large" arrests last year.
One march organizer, Sarah Giskin, told WHYY that protesters wanted a local ICE field office and Berks County, Pa. migrant detention center to be closed.
Scanning the ice field, which was dotted with crabeater seals and small Adélie penguins, I immediately caught a glimpse of a bird that looked unfamiliar.
A separate lawsuit filed in March 2018 made similar claims about ICE field offices in Detroit, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, El Paso, Texas, and Newark, New Jersey.
Working 6,400 feet above sea level and using ice-penetrating radar, Kehrl's team was able to map the internal stratigraphy, density, and age of the ice field.
Sacramento does not share data with ICE on an agency-wide basis, although it does share with HSI-ICE field offices in Newark, Houston, and New Orleans.
Halla could not immediately say if the rescuers on the ground reached the hikers before the helicopter landed on the ice field to pick up the pair.
Along with other organizations, the SPLC sent a letter to ICE field office directors and wardens at detention facilities this week calling for detainees to be released.
Less than an hour after making the trespassing call, Rodriguez faced an uncertain future as he was driven to an ICE field office in Seattle for processing.
"Faced with the current record, the reasonable conclusion is that the five ICE field offices are not in fact putting this language into effect on the ground," Boasberg wrote.
Climbing season on Denali has ended but sightseeing flights still can land on the glacier, allowing visitors to walk on the ice field, said park service spokeswoman Katherine Belcher.
"A phone call, one simple phone call, and Ms. Fuertes would be alive today," Mr. Albence said at a news conference at the ICE field office in Lower Manhattan.
To put that in perspective, the world was a total of 6900 to 2628 degrees Celsius cooler during the last ice age, when the U.S. was an ice field.
"An ice field might move at a speed of 4-5 knots, but a ship will receive a satellite picture of it that is 10-20 hours old," said Vauraste.
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) argued the Department of Homeland Security has created an arbitrary blanket policy of detaining asylum seekers at five Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) field offices.
Named for the influential Soviet rocket engineer Sergey Korolev, the impact crater is 82 kilometers (50 miles) in diameter and contains a permanent ice field that stretches over a mile deep.
" Picard also said that to deal with the scarcity of supervisors on nights and weekends, "ICE Field Offices instituted a number of solutions, all of which have been deemed legally sufficient.
In June, the ICE field office in New York announced the policy in which detained immigrants would appear in court by videoconference instead of being brought to the court on Varick Street.
Human Nature, Nazraeli Press, 2017 There's no place on earth untouched by human activity: This was clear as Lucas Foglia whizzed across the vast, white expanse of Alaska's Juneau Ice Field last summer.
Federal Public Defender Lisa Hay said in a letter to Warden Josaias Salazar and Acting ICE Field Office Director Elizabeth Godfrey that her office learned of an apparent suicide attempt by a detainee.
On an ascent of Everest that featured a rarely employed bypass around a treacherous ice field, he spent 58 days camped in the thin air between 20,000 and 28,000 feet above sea level.
He could direct the Department of Homeland Security to issue a memo to ICE field agents telling them not to arrest and deport immigrants who had had DACA unless they've committed an unrelated crime.
So far, the ICE field office that covers North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia has been another exception: ICE arrests of immigrants jumped 53 percent from fiscal year 2016 to fiscal year 2017, according to MPI.
An Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) field office director from San Francisco apologized for a meme he shared on social media that was seen by many as offensive to Muslim women, the San Francisco Chronicle reported.
Instead, an ICE field office director told Kenia that "in light of ICE's mission, current ICE policies and enforcement priorities" there was "no compelling reason" to halt her deportation, according to a letter reviewed by BuzzFeed News.
Critic's Pick Taking on the largest ice field in the Rocky Mountains, a dramatic 125-square-mile sprawl along the border between British Columbia and Alberta, the composer and trumpeter Nate Wooley has created music of disarming intimacy.
In Transit RETRACING SHACKLETON'S ROUTE In May 2600, the British explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton crossed the South Georgia ice field seeking help for the stranded sailors of his ship, the Endurance, which had been crushed by ice in Antarctica.
"My understanding, what was told to us, is that one of the reasons that happened was because the meetings that had occurred between the (ICE) field office director and the sheriff didn't go very well," said Judge Austin during the hearing.
"To all demonstrators: I urge you to keep up this effort," Wheeler said in a press conference last week, according to The Oregonian , though advising protesters to vacate the ICE field office and the camp before the police disbands them.
Marking the centennial of the event, Ice Tracks Expeditions is offering a south polar cruise this fall with the opportunity for 12 passengers to make a four-day overland crossing of the ice field for the ultimate Antarctic shore excursion.
To a great extent, that's because this is the policy that ICE field agents wanted to be pursuing all along — many ICE agents were uncomfortable with the idea of just leaving broad swaths of immigrants alone when they were eligible for deportation.
A U.S. Air Force C-130 cargo plane - carrying U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry - idles at the Williams Skiway in Antarctica Secretary Kerry walks away from a U.S. Air Force C-17 cargo plane at the Pegasus Ice Field after arriving in Antarctica.
Officials in Washington have also suggested to ICE field offices around the country that they begin to release immigrants who have been granted bond by judges but have not yet paid them — presumably because they cannot afford to — in order to make more room.
"The former Director traveled to her home city of Dallas more frequently than any other city, at times for six-day stays, requiring the ICE field office to divert agents from working cases for visits which would last, on average, six days," the report noted.
Parole denials have become particularly common in the five states covered by the New Orleans' ICE field which granted 75% of parole applications in 2016 compared to just 1.5% last year, according to a class-action lawsuit filed by the Southern Poverty Law Center in May.
In the leadup to a series of ICE raids in February, DHS went so far as to send directives to ICE field offices demanding they generate lists of "egregious" cases of crimes allegedly committed by immigrants, and continued to prod ICE officers when they failed to deliver.
Donald Trump knows that Border Patrol agents and ICE field agents are personally interested in deporting as many unauthorized immigrants as possible, and feel deeply aggrieved that the Obama administration has prevented them from using the fear of deportation as a weapon against all unauthorized immigrants.
The class-action lawsuit on behalf of nine plaintiffs, brought by the American Civil Liberties Union and immigrant rights groups and filed in U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C., alleges five U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) field offices have detained virtually all adults seeking asylum at a port of entry.
"When Mr. Bikindou is removed, he will be provided with a copy of his medical records and an ample supply of medications to be used while he seeks a permanent treatment solution in his home country," ICE Field Office Director Sean Gallagher wrote, according to a copy of the letter reviewed by CNN.
The email to staffers, sent Wednesday by USCIS deputy Mark Koumans and obtained by BuzzFeed News, asked employees to volunteer for administrative work in ICE field offices across the country, including processing files that are part of a program forcing immigrants seeking asylum to remain in Mexico as their cases are adjudicated, and supporting public document requests.
" The criticism comes just one year after David Jennings, the former San Francisco ICE field office director, shared an image on LinkedIn that depicted three patio umbrellas intended to resemble people in body-covering burqas along with the caption: "I spent 30 minutes talking to them to learn more about their culture until the barman told me they were umbrellas.
Often, Obama and his officials didn't admit this is what they were doing — they emphasized that they were deporting "criminal aliens," and stressed the need for Congress to provide legal status and citizenship to the rest of the 20143 million unauthorized immigrants in the US. But the administration never quite lined up its policy with its rhetoric — partly because ICE field agents didn't want to simply write off whole swaths of the unauthorized immigrant population.
An ice field on Ellesmere Island, Canada Sea ice meets land in Baffin Bay off the coast of Greenland Sea Ice in Baffin Bay near Greenland A section of glacier near Ellesmere Island, Canada A NASA avionic technician gazes out the window of Operation Icebridge's Lockheed P-3 A glacier near Ellesmere Island, Canada Part of a glacier near Ellesmere Island, Canada Sea ice in Ellesmere, Island, Canada Ice sheet along the Baffin Bay coast, Greenland.
Out the window of the Lockheed P-3 near Ellesmere Island, Canada An ice field on Ellesmere Island, Canada Sea ice meets land in Baffin Bay off the coast of Greenland Sea Ice in Baffin Bay near Greenland A section of glacier near Ellesmere Island, Canada A NASA avionic technician gazes out the window of Operation Icebridge's Lockheed P-3 A glacier near Ellesmere Island, Canada Part of a glacier near Ellesmere Island, Canada Sea ice in Ellesmere, Island, Canada Ice sheet along the Baffin Bay coast, Greenland.
In South America, there are two main ice fields, Campo de Hielo Norte (translates to Northern Ice Field or Northern Patagonian Ice Field), in Chile, and Campo de Hielo Sur (translates to Southern Ice Field or Southern Patagonian Ice Field), shared by Chile and Argentina. There is also a small ice field on the western (Chilean) portion of Tierra del Fuego proper.
The Southern Patagonian Ice Field is ; Viedma Glacier is one of the Ice Field's 48 outlet glaciers that have more than of ice field area each.
It is in a harsh mountain environment that is not accessible to tourists. It is about from the double lake. The Puruogangri ice field is at at an elevation of above sea level. The ice field is the largest in the North of the Tibetan Plateau.
In past years it remained year round, but the modern ice field tends to disappear by September.
An ice field is also distinguishable from an ice cap because it does not have a dome-like form.Summerfield (1999).
Yolyn Am is found in the Zuun Saikhanii Nuruu (the Eastern Beauty) subrange of the Gurvan Saikhan Mountains. The area, as part of the Gobi Desert, sees little precipitation. However, Yolyn Am is notable for a deep ice field. The ice field reaches several meters thick by the end of winter, and is several kilometers long.
El Calafate is the location of the Glaciarium, a museum that focuses on ice and glaciers, especially in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field.
The title of the book is derived from a spider-shaped ice field high on the north face of the mountain, towering above the town of Grindelwald. As Harrer describes, and the climbers discovered, the White Spider is the key to a successful ascent of the Nordwand. Although physically exhausted by the time they reach that point, climbers must navigate the steep ice-field to reach the peak's summit. The White Spider acts as a funnel, with rock and ice slides channelled through the ice field, putting the climbers in great danger while on the field.
It has also been observed that Patagonian glaciers are receding at a faster rate than in any other world region. The Northern Patagonian Ice Field lost of glacier area during the years between 1945 and 1975, and from 1975 to 1996, which indicates that the rate of retreat is increasing. This represents a loss of 8% of the ice field, with all glaciers experiencing significant retreat. The Southern Patagonian Ice Field has exhibited a general trend of retreat on 42 glaciers, while four glaciers were in equilibrium and two advanced during the years between 1944 and 1986.
Most likely they eventually fell onto the ice of Mount Moulton, were incorporated in it and then transported downward to the blue ice field.
The park possesses a large drainage network, which consists of numerous rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, and cascades that come from the Southern Patagonia Ice Field and flow towards the southeast until the Última Esperanza Sound that bathes the coasts of the city of Puerto Natales. The courses of water come from a longitudinal profile and are very turbulent with brusque changes in course, generated by waterfalls and rapids. The Southern Patagonian Ice Field takes up the entire western side of the park. The Southern Patagonian Ice Field feeds four main glaciers; they are from north to south the glaciers: Dickson, Grey, Zapata, and Tyndall.
Dickson Glacier is located in Torres del Paine National Park of southern Chile. Geologically it is in the southeastern outflow from the Southern Patagonian Ice Field.
At higher elevations, the precipitation increase is significant and is in the form of snow on the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, being recorded over of annual precipitation.
A nunatak is a mountainous rock summit not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier, and is found mostly on the North Pole.
There are two known volcanoes under the ice field; Lautaro and Viedma. Due to their inaccessibility they are among the least researched volcanoes in Chile and Argentina.
Cerro Steffen is one of the highest mountains in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. It lies on the northeastern edge of the just mentioned icefield, west of O'Higgins Lake.
Cloud cover is lower and there are more clear days in inland areas than coastal areas. Corresponding to the Northern Patagonian Ice Field and the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, which are located at higher altitudes, temperatures are cold enough to maintain permanent ice fields. These two ice fields receive abundant precipitation year-round, particularly in the west facing slopes of the Andes that descend to the ocean and fiords. The climate is very windy.
The only large ice fields in mainland Europe are in Norway (e.g., Dovre and Jotunheimen). There are several dozen small ice fields in the Alps and tiny remnants of permanent ice in Sweden, the Apennines, the Pyrenees and the Balkans. Since the disappearance of the last remaining ice field in Andalucía, with the disappearance of the Corral del Veleta glacier in 1913, the southernmost surviving permanent ice field in continental Europe is Snezhnika in Bulgaria.
Other reports of volcanic phenomena in the region exist, and the existence of a large caldera beneath the Southern Patagonian Ice Field has been suggested as an explanation for volcanism there.
Viedma () is a subglacial volcano whose existence is questionable. It is supposedly located below the ice of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, an area disputed between Argentina and Chile. The 1988 eruption deposited ash and pumice on the ice field and produced a mudflow that reached Viedma Lake. The exact position of the edifice is unclear, both owing to the ice cover and because the candidate position, the "Viedma Nunatak", does not clearly appear to be of volcanic nature.
Cerro Murallón is a glacier mountain of the Andes, in Patagonia, located on the eastern edge of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field , southwest of Lake Viedma, at the border between Chile and Argentina.
Aerial view of the glacier, taken two weeks before the 2004 rupture The Perito Moreno Glacier () is a glacier located in the Los Glaciares National Park in southwest Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. It is one of the most important tourist attractions in the Argentinian Patagonia. The ice formation, in length, is one of 48 glaciers fed by the Southern Patagonian Ice Field located in the Andes system shared with Chile. This ice field is the world's third largest reserve of fresh water.
This map shows the current border, the B Section is pending to be defined. Toponymy of the region Fifty kilometers of the Chile–Argentina border, between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Murallón, remain undefined on the ice field. This Southern Patagonian Ice Field section of the border is the last remaining border issue between Chile and Argentina. On 1 August 1991 the governments of Chile and Argentina agreed on a borderline, but the agreement was never ratified by the Argentine parliament.
San Rafael Lake is an arc-shaped coastal lake located in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region of Chile, within the national park that bears its name. To the north the lagoon is connected to the Moraleda Channel, to the south lies the Ofqui Isthmus. To the west and east lie the Taitao Peninsula and the Northern Patagonian Ice Field respectively. The lake was formed by the retreat of the San Rafael Glacier in the Northern Patagonian Ice Field.
Bernardo Glacier is one of the largest glaciers in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. It is located northeast of Témpano Glacier, within Bernardo O'Higgins National Park in Chile. The glacier flows westward Bernardo Fjord.
Independence Foundation. Retrieved January 16, 2018. These expeditions led to a body of work entitled "Polar Investigations." In 2015, Burko flew from Ushuaia to El Calafate to discover the Patagonian ice field of Argentina.
Katalalixar National Reserve is a natural reserve located in an archipelago between Southern Patagonian Ice Field, and Northern Patagonian Ice Field in Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region of Chile. The reserve was created in 1983 and has no infrastructure. It covers an area of within the Magellanic subpolar forests ecoregion and exhibits more biodiversity than other areas of southern Chile. This may appear contradictory, as the area is supposed to have been covered by the Patagonian Ice Sheet during the last glacial maximum.
Harrer 1998, pp. 31–32. During the ascent, Angerer was injured by falling rocks loosened by the warmth of the rising sun as they crossed the first ice field. As a result of Angerer's worsening condition and their slow progress across the second ice field, they abandoned the attempt on the Eiger and decided to descend. A further challenge arose when Kurz and his comrades failed to retrace their route across the area now known as the Hinterstoisser Traverse and had to climb downwards.
Southern Patagonian Ice Field Harding Icefield, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge An ice field (also spelled icefield) is a large area of interconnected glaciers, usually found in a mountainous region. They are often found in the colder climates and higher altitudes of the world where there is sufficient precipitation for them to form. The higher peaks of the underlying mountain rock that protrude through the icefields are known as nunataks. Ice fields are larger than alpine glaciers, but smaller than ice caps and ice sheets.
The Sargent Icefield is a large icefield located on the eastern portion of the Kenai Peninsula bordering Prince William Sound in Alaska. The ice field has numerous outflow glaciers including the Chenega, Princeton, and Ellsworth Glaciers.
Black Hills AirportLawrence County Airport Board . "Black Hills Airport". ( Clyde Ice Field) is a public airport three miles (5 km) east of Spearfish, in Lawrence County, South Dakota. Western Airlines served Spearfish from 1949-50 until 1959.
The area also boasts valleys, rivers such as the Paine, lakes, and glaciers. The well-known lakes include Grey, Pehoé, Nordenskiöld, and Sarmiento. The glaciers, including Grey, Pingo and Tyndall, belong to the Southern Patagonia Ice Field.
The Columbia Ice Field was constructed in 1983 and houses the university's hockey team home rink, with a seating capacity of 700. The Ice Field has been expanded twice, in 1990 and 2003, and now includes three gyms and a number of fitness centres. Including the football field, the university manages seven outdoor playing fields, with Fields 1 and 2 reserved for the varsity soccer and rugby teams, while portions of Field 3 are used as a baseball field. The rest of the fields are used by the university's recreational sports programs.
Ice fields are formed by a large accumulation of snow which, through years of compression and freezing, turns into ice. Due to ice's susceptibility to gravity, ice fields usually form over large areas that are basins or atop plateaus, thus allowing a continuum of ice to form over the landscape uninterrupted by glacial channels. Glaciers often form on the edges of ice fields, serving as gravity-propelled drains off the ice field which is in turn replenished by snowfall. While an ice cap is not constrained by topography, an ice field is.
Steffen Glacier is a major outlet glacier of the Northern Patagonian Ice Field in Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region of Chile. It is the southernmost outlet glacier of the Northern Patagonian Ice Field and ends up in a lagoon from where Huemules River is born. The glacier is named after Hans Steffen a German geographer who explored Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region on behalf of the Chilean government before the General Treaty of Arbitration between Chile and the Argentine Republic of 1902.
The Gran Campo Nevado is a small ice field located in the southern portion of the Muñoz Gamero Peninsula, in Chile. It is about in area and feeds 19 outlet glaciers, of which the largest one is long.
The fault exhibits present-day seismicity. Together, Exploradores Fault Zone and Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone and Cachet Fault makes up the boundaries of a crustal block that has been uplifted hosting at present the Northern Patagonian Ice Field.
At the head of Amalia Fjord is Amalia Glacier. El Brujo Glacier is found in Asia Fjord, which is another glacier spilling from the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. Calvo Fjord splits into several arms towards which also descend glaciers.
Mount Alberta from a high shoulder of the Columbia Icefield; on our way to The Twins (N & S). The ramp to the right leads to the Stutfields (E & W) The Columbia Icefield is the largest ice field in North America's Rocky Mountains. Located within the Canadian Rocky Mountains astride the Continental Divide of the Americas along the border of British Columbia and Alberta, Canada, the ice field lies partly in the northwestern tip of Banff National Park and partly in the southern end of Jasper National Park. The Columbia Icefield is located in the Canadian Rockies astride the Great Divide along the border of British Columbia and Alberta, Canada, the ice field lies partly in the northwestern tip of Banff National Park and partly in the southern end of Jasper National Park. It is about in area, to in depth and receives up to of snowfall per year.
Recent retreat. Grey Glacier seen from space. The glacier is at the south end of the Southern Patagonia Ice Field. The surface of the lake can be seen when following the big circuit of Paine Mountain Range at John Garner Pass.
Tromsøbreen is a glacier in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about six kilometers, and extends southwards from the ice field of Hedgehogfonna towards the sea. The glacier is named after the Norwegian city of Tromsø.
The Yamato 691 (abbreviated Y-691) is the 4.5 billion year old chondrite meteorite discovered by members of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition on the blue ice field of the Queen Fabiola Mountains (Yamato Mountains) in Antarctica, on December 21, 1969.
A notable gorge, Yolyn Am, is found in Zuun Saikhany Nuruu. Though the range is surrounded by the Gobi desert, Yolyn Am contains a semi-permanent ice field. The range forms the eastern part of the Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park.
The station is connected to the north face by a tunnel opening at the face, which has sometimes been used to rescue climbers. The Eiger Trail, at the base of the north face, runs from Eigergletscher to Alpiglen railway stations. The approach hike to the base of the face takes less than an hour from Eigergletscher. The windows of the Eigerwand Station Some of the notable features on the north face are (from the bottom): First Pillar, Eigerwand Station, First Ice-field, Hinterstoisser Traverse, Swallow's Nest, Ice Hose, Second Ice-field, Death Bivouac, Ramp, Traverse of the Gods, Spider and Exit Cracks.
There are several ice fields in the Himalayas and Altay Mountains (the border range between the Central Asian Republics and China). One unexpected ice field is located in Yolyn Am, a mountain valley located in the northern end of the Gobi Desert.
The southernmost reaches of continental Chile are not accessible by road except through neighboring Argentina due to the craggy Andes, fjords and the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. Mocopulli Airport is in Chiloe Island; it offers flights to Santiago via LAN Express airlines.
The unnamed ice field in the range also feeds many glaciers including the Davidson and Rainbow Glaciers. It was named Chilkat Mountains in 1879 by the USGS for the Chilkat subdivision of the Tlingit People. These mountains were renamed as the Chilkat Range in 1891.
He also settled all remaining border issues with Chile. The Lago del Desierto dispute had an international arbitration, favourable to Argentina. The only exception was the dispute over the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, which is still open. Menem with President of Uruguay Julio María Sanguinetti.
The Lyell Glacier is currently considered to be a permanent ice field, not a living glacier. Mount Lyell divides the Tuolumne River watershed to the north, the Merced to the west, and the Rush Creek drainage in the Mono Lake Basin to the southeast.
Puruogangri was discovered by Chinese and American scientists around 1999. It has been confirmed to be the third largest ice field in the world. The other two are in the Arctic and the Antarctic. Puruogangri is in the Nagqu prefecture-level city of Tibet, China.
Bride was asleep in the adjoining cabin, intending to relieve Phillips at midnight, two hours early. Shortly after 9:30 pm, Phillips received an ice warning from the steamship Mesaba reporting a large number of icebergs and an ice field directly in Titanics path.
An ice hummock is a boss or rounded knoll of ice rising above the general level of an ice-field. Hummocky ice is caused by slow and unequal pressure in the main body of the packed ice, and by unequal structure and temperature at a later period.
San Rafael Glacier The San Rafael Glacier is one of the major outlet glaciers of the Northern Patagonian Ice Field in southern Chile and is the tidewater glacier nearest the equator. It calves into the Laguna San Rafael and is contained within Laguna San Rafael National Park.
Iceblink is a white light seen near the horizon, especially on the underside of low clouds, resulting from reflection of light off an ice field immediately beyond. The iceblink was used by both the Inuit and explorers looking for the Northwest Passage to help them navigate safely.
According to Middleton and Thomas, "pamir" is a geological term. A pamir is a flat plateau or U-shaped valley surrounded by mountains. It forms when a glacier or ice field melts leaving a rocky plain. A pamir lasts until erosion forms soil and cuts down normal valleys.
One of the more celebrated North American ice fields is the Columbia Icefield located in the Rocky Mountains between Jasper and Banff, Alberta. Easy access by road contributes to the status of this ice field as one of the most visited in North America, although it is actually a comparatively small ice field within the huge and largely ice-free American cordillera. Many particularly expansive ice fields lie in the Coast Mountains, Alaska Range, and Chugach Mountains of Alaska, British Columbia, and the Yukon Territory. The 6,500 km2 Stikine Icecap (located between the Stikine and Taku Rivers) and the 2,500 km2 Juneau Icefield (located between Lynn Canal and the Taku River) both straddle the British Columbian-Alaskan border.
Tortel is a Chilean commune located at the outflow of the Baker River and Pascua River to the Pacific Ocean. It lies between the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Field in the Capitán Prat Province in the Aysén Region. The commune is administered by the municipality in Caleta Tortel, the principal settlement.
Cerro Arenales is a heavily ice-covered stratovolcano located in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region of Chile, within Laguna San Rafael National Park. It towers over the southern part of the Northern Patagonian Ice Field. Arenales has a summit elevation of 3,437 meters (11276 feet) above sea level.
Jorge Quinteros is a Chilean mountaineer who has an extensive career as explorer, guide and teacher. Together with Harold William Tilman they were the first to traverse the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in the summer of 1955-1956. Currently he works in Dirección General de Aguas and teaches at the University of Chile.
O'Higgins Glacier is a glacier located in Bernardo O'Higgins National Park, Chile. It is one of the principal glaciers of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. The summit of the active Lautaro volcano is the top of the accumulation zone of the glacier. The bulk of the glacier is part of the icefield plateau.
The crater which is approximately in diameter contains a ice field, making it the most extensive crater glacier in North America. In 1967, Mount Veniaminof was designated as a National Natural Landmark. The Upper Sandy River has its source at Mount Veniaminof and flows down to form a delta above Sandy Lake.
In addition, she has to be capable of continuous operations in compact ice field up to in thickness.Rules for the Construction and Classification of Sea-Going Ships Vol 1, 2015. Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. The icebreaker is designed to be capable of operating in temperatures as low as for 60 days.
The Southern Patagonian Ice Field mantles a great portion of the park. Glaciers include the Dickson, the Grey, and the Tyndall. Among the lakes are the Dickson Lake, Nordenskjöld Lake, Lake Pehoé, Grey Lake, Sarmiento Lake, and Del Toro Lake. Only a portion of the latter is within the borders of the park.
Argentina with all its territorial claims Argentine irredentism is the idea of Argentina's sovereignty over the British Overseas Territories of the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, along with the dispute with Chile over the Southern Patagonian Ice Field and disputes with both over the region designated as Argentine Antarctica.
Ghosts & Gargoyles, a concerto for flute solo with flute orchestra, for New Music Concerts, Toronto had its premiere on May 26, 2002. Ice Field, for large orchestral groups and organ, was commissioned by Other Minds for a December 2001 premiere by the San Francisco Symphony. Brant's handbook for orchestration, Textures and Timbres, was published posthumously.
Dave says that while the creature is not dead, at least it will be stopped. To this, Steve replies, "Yeah, as long as the Arctic stays cold". The film ends with parachutes bearing the creature on a pallet down to an Arctic ice field with the superimposed words "The End" morphing into a question mark.
The Agassiz Ice Cap formerly Agassiz GlacierAgassiz Ice Cap (Formerly Agassiz Glacier) is an ice cap on the central eastern side of Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. The Agassiz ice cap is about in area. It is located between the North Ellesmere ice field to the north and the Prince of Wales Icefield to the south.
Lord ordered the ship underway. Californian course took her west, slowly passing through the ice field, after which she turned south. Californian was sighted at 06:00 by steaming from the north. Californian actually passed the Carpathia to the east, then turned, and headed northeast back towards the rescue ship, arriving at 08:30.
Knik GlacierThe Knik Glacier is located just east of Anchorage, Alaska on the northern end of the Chugach Mountains. The ice field averages over long and over across, making it one of the largest glaciers in southcentral Alaska. Knik Glacier feeds the long Knik River which empties into the Knik Arm section of Cook Inlet.
Wilkman, G. New Ship Designs Under Development at Aker Yards. Powerpoint presentation. Aker Arctic, 2006. Slide 26. The 25MW diesel-electric line icebreaker ordered by Rosmorport from Baltic Shipyard under the project name LK-25, Viktor Chernomyrdin, will be capable of proceeding continuously both ahead and astern in compact ice field up to thick with a snow cover at .
Sighting Greenland on June 20, the expedition made harbor at the Crown Prince Islands (Whale Fish) in Disco Bay. From a British mail ship, they learned that British relief efforts were heading for the same region. Advance and Rescue left the islands on June 29,Simmonds, p. 347. encountering the ice field on July 1, while proceeding towards Upernavik.
Except for the boundary along the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, all of these disputes have been settled today. The contemporary economy of eastern Patagonia revolves around sheep farming and oil and gas extraction, while in western Patagonia fishing, salmon aquaculture, and tourism dominate. Culturally, Patagonia has a varied heritage, including Criollo, Mestizo, Indigenous, and non-Iberian European influences.
Grey Glacier is a glacier in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, just west of the Cordillera del Paine. It flows southward into the lake of the same name. Before dividing in two at its front end, the glacier is 6 kilometers wide and over 30 meters high. In 1996, it occupied a total area of and a length of .
The Plaine Morte Glacier (lit.: Dead Plain Glacier; ) is a glacier located at an elevation of , in the canton of Bern above Lenk and in the Valais above Crans-Montana in Switzerland. The ice field, which covers , is located below the mountain of Wildstrubel in the Bernese Alps. Its largest tongue is also called in German Rezligletscher or Rätzligletscher.
The search for the meteorites is done visually. A team of four to ten explorers, typically meteorite scientists, lives for 5–7 weeks on the ice field. Using snowmobiles spaced 30 m apart they scan the blue ice for meteorites. Once a specimen has been located its position is found using GPS and it is given an identification number.
Picture of Dr. Hans Steffen in 1916 Hans Steffen Hoffman (20 July 1865, in Fürstenwerder, Prussia - 7 April 1936, in Davos, Switzerland) was a German geographer and explorer of the Aysén Region in western Patagonia. Steffen also worked as a teacher, encyclopedist and historian. Steffen Glacier on the Northern Patagonian Ice Field is named after him.
Tyndall Glacier or Geike Glacier is one of the largest glaciers in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. It is located in the Torres del Paine National Park, Chile. The glacier has its main calving front in Geikie Lake and like its neighbor, Grey Glacier, it has been significantly retreating for the last years. The glacier is named after the Irish glaciologist John Tyndall.
Laguna San Rafael National Park () is a park located on the Pacific coast of southern Chile. The park is named for the San Rafael Lagoon formed by the retreat of the San Rafael Glacier. Created in 1959, it covers an area of and includes the Northern Patagonian Ice Field. A fjord more than long is one of the park's principal attractions.
The glacier seen from the southwest (August 2016) The Mittivakkat Glacier is located in southeast Greenland, and is part of the largest ice field on Ammassalik Island. This glacier has been in retreat (negative net mass balance) throughout most of recorded history (1898–2008). Reindeer bones were recovered from the retreating glacier in 2005, and dated to about 1200-1300 AD.
Video of iceberg calving in Greenland, 2007 A calving glacier and the resulting ice field. It is useful to classify causes of calving into first, second, and third order processes. First order processes are responsible for the overall rate of calving at the glacier scale. The first order cause of calving is longitudinal stretching, which controls the formation of crevasses.
Nef Glacier is a glacier located in Laguna San Rafael National Park, in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region of Chile. It trends southeast from Cerro Largo to its terminus in the lake that shared its name. It is the fifth largest glacier in the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, after San Quintín, San Rafael, Steffen and Colonia.
Some peaks of the Cerro Torre Group. 2: Cerro Torre, 3: Torre Egger, 4: Punta Herron, 5: Aguja Standhart, 7: Aguja Bífida, 11: Cuatro Dedos. Cerro Torre is one of the mountains of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in South America. It is located in a region which is disputed between Argentina and Chile, west of Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén).
Backcountry Marcos Couch started his mountain activity very young. At the age of 18 (1978) he was part of the second ascent to the Cerro Moreno, on the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. In 2004 he moved to Bariloche in the Argentinean Patagonia where he enjoys practicing alpine ski, backcountry ski, windsurf, kayak paddling, climbing and hiking. He has always been passionate about photography.
Torre Egger is one of the mountains of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in South America. It is located in a region which is disputed between Argentina and Chile,From Rodrigo Jordan, "Cerro Torre", in World Mountaineering, Audrey Salkeld, editor, Bulfinch Press, , p. 156: Cerro Torre rises "on the border between Chile and Argentina." However Chile and Argentina have long-standing border disputes.
The Perito Moreno Glacier is located in the southern Southern Patagonian Ice Field, terminating in Lake Argentino. It divides Lake Argentino into the Los Témpanos channel, and the Rico branch, blocking the channel and forming an ice dam. Lake Argentino periodically breaks through in outburst floods with drainage initially through a tunnel with subsequent roof collapse to form an open channel.
It was a great feat of flying. Not only was the weather horrid but the floe was only 500 by 1,300 feet. Lyapidevsky took off from the floe with 10 women and 2 children on board his plane. He flew the stranded "Cheliuskintsi" from their makeshift airstrip on the floating ice field of the Chukchi Sea to the town of Uelen.
Nunataks, also called glacial islands, are exposed portions of ridges, mountains, or peaks not covered with ice or snow within (or at the edge of) an ice field or glacier.Physical Geography: Hydrosphere, 2006, , p. 114 Nunataks present readily identifiable landmark reference points in glaciers or ice caps and are often named. The term is derived from the Inuit word, nunataq.
Abrothrix olivaceus markhami, also known as the Wellington AkodontMusser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1090 or Markham's Grass Mouse, is a subspecies of the South American rodent Abrothrix olivaceus. It occurs on Wellington Island and the nearby Southern Patagonian Ice Field in southern Chile. It was previously recognized as a valid species, but is close to other recognized subspecies of A. olivaceus.
Baker Channel also receives the waters of the O'Higgins/San Martín Lake through the Pascua River. The lake's far-reaching fjord-like arms extend approximately from lat. 49° 11' to 48° 22' S. Its north-west arm is that which drains into the mentioned river. The calving front of Jorge Montt Glacier, which is the northern glacier of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, reaches the Baker Channel.
The travelers set off again with sled dogs pulling their car. They make it as far as the Bering Strait before the dogs are tired out and can go no further. An ice avalanche sends the car into the sea, where a whale accidentally swallows it. The whale spits out the car on an ice field, where the travelers see a pack of polar bears approaching.
Santiago and Mendoza. The Argentina–Chile border is the longest international border of South America and the third longest in the world after the Canada–United States border and the Kazakhstan–Russia border. With a length of , it separates Argentina from Chile along the Andes and on the islands of Tierra del Fuego. However, there are some border disputes, particularly around the Southern Patagonian Ice Field.
Cachet Fault is a dextral strike-slip fault in Aysén Region, Chile. The fault runs in north-south direction right to the east of the Northern Patagonian Ice Field. Various west-east glacial valleys have been displaced the movement of the fault. The existence of the fault and its movement has been linked to the Chile Triple Junction and the oblique subduction of Nazca Plate.
To the east of Atwell Peak lies the Garibaldi Névé ice field, which is a popular objective with the ski touring crowd. Two pocket glaciers lie right below the east side of the peak, the Diamond Glacier to the southeast and the upper Bishop Glacier to the northeast. Straight north of Atwell toward Mount Garibaldi lies a small, high-elevation ice cap called the Cheekye Glacier.
Laurell 1992, pp. 23–24. On 16 April 1889, two steamships were spotted approaching the lighthouse of Russarö from the south and news about unidentified vessels coming through the ice field began spreading immediately. The ships were the icebreaker Bryderen and a 912-ton cargo steamer Vesuv,Ramsay 1949, p. 142. owned by the Danish shipping company, that was following on the channel broken by the icebreaker.
Ice Field is a musical composition by Henry Brant, for large orchestral groups and organ, commissioned by Other Minds for a December 2001 premiere by the San Francisco Symphony. It was awarded the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Music,Hill, Brad (2006). American Popular Music: Classical, p. 37. . and premiered on December 12 at Davies Symphony Hall in San Francisco.Anon., "Brant's Field Wins Pulitzer" (2002).
The Columbia Icefield was formed during the Great Glaciation, or Illinoisan period (238,000 to 126,000 BCE).Sandford 1993, p. 23. The initial advancement of the ice field ended during the latter millennia of the Early Wisconsinan period (73,000 to 62,000 BCE), around the time Homo sapiens began to appear on the earth. The next major advance of the ice field occurred during the Late Wisconsinan period (18,000 to 9,000 BCE), which marked the end of the major intercontinental land mass bridges. During the Crowfoot Glacier advance (9,000 to 7,000 BCE), humans were beginning to learn farming along the Tigris, Euphrates, and Nile rivers. The last major period of advance occurred during the Little Ice Age, which lasted from about 1,200 to 1900 AD. Around 1800, the Athabasca Glacier peaked, then went through a period of recession, and then advanced again until 1840, when it began receding until the present day.
The first artificial ice field in Kupittaan jäähalli was constructed in 1962; this, however, was an outdoor field where players were at the mercy of the weather. However, since the field was artificially frozen, the opening season was much longer than with natural ice. The actual arena was constructed in 1973, allowing teams to play indoors. The new arena with a spectator capacity of 3,000 was inaugurated on November 2006.
Cochrane has an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) with drying trend in summer. Owing to its location in a valley behind the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, it is shielded from the heavy rainfall caused by the Humboldt Current, but the precipitation is still relatively abundant and able to support forest, unlike further east in Argentinian Patagonia. The record high is in February 2019 and the record low is in July 1995.
Colonia Glacier (Spanish: Glaciar Colonia or Ventisquero Colonia) is a valley glacier located in the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, Chile. The glacier spills out to the southeast from an ice plateau north of Cerro Arenales and has its terminus about from Colonia Lake. Colonia Glacier dams two lakes; Cachet II and Arco Lake. The ice dam containing the waters of Cachet II Lake fails regularly, which generates glacial lake outburst floods.
This map shows the current border in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, the B Section is pending to be defined. Marker (hito XXIV) in Tierra del Fuego. The northern end of the border is a tripoint it forms with those at the Argentina–Bolivia border and the Bolivia-Chile border in Atacama desert. It extends south to the Strait of Magellan and ends on Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego.
Lago del Desierto, with Mount Fitz Roy (Cerro Chaltén) in the background. The region is a valley around the Laguna del Desierto (Spanish for "Lake of the Desert") located at north and east of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field (Spanish Campo de Hielo Sur), only accessible from the Chilean side from the North (approx. 30 km south of Villa O'Higgins). It is accessible without obstacles from the Argentine side.
Lava and pyroclastics are its principal output. The volcano rises within the cirque of the Amalia Glacier and the glacier is actively eroding Reclus; retreat of the glacier in the 1980s has exposed part of the volcano. Reclus lies about east of the Amalia Fjord. The Southern Patagonian Ice Field and the Cordillera Sarmiento are found in the neighbourhood of Reclus, and Torres del Paine is east of the volcano.
Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén, Cerro Fitz Roy, or simply Mount Fitz Roy) is a mountain in Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile.MONTE FITZ ROY Andes Hand BookLa montaña que parece echar humo, en la Patagonia It is located in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, near El Chaltén village and Viedma lake. It was first climbed in 1952 by French alpinists Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone.
Nighttime surface temperatures on the Northern Ice Field (NIF) fall on average to with an average daytime high of . During nights of extreme radiational cooling, the NIF can cool to as low as . Snowfall can occur at any time of year but is mostly associated with northern Tanzania's two rainy seasons. Precipitation in the summit area occurs principally as snow and graupel of per year and ablates within days or years.
Ice cores were recovered from the Puruogangri ice field in 2000, filling a gap in knowledge of climate change in the Central Tibetan Plateau. The longest core was . The upper covered the last 1,000 years, and was analyzed along its length for the δ18O oxygen isotope ratio. The results, correlated and checked against ice cores from other locations, showed a sharp increase in temperature starting in the late 19th century.
The Andes are generally higher in northern Chile. In Norte Grande the mountains form a series of plateaus, such as Puna de Atacama and the Altiplano. At a south latitude of 27 degrees, Chile's highest mountain (Ojos del Salado) reaches a height of . Below 42 degrees south, the Andes split into a fjord landscape and the highest mountain is Monte San Valentin at at north of Northern Patagonian Ice Field.
They engage the ship and during maneuvering through an ice field collide with each other, damaging both ships. As the Farley Mowat approaches, the Japanese vessel calls out a Mayday, stopping the Sea Shepherds from further engagement. As the film ends, we find out that there was a fire on the Nisshin Maru, killing one worker and ending the whaling season early due to damage to the ship.
In 1969, the 10th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition found nine meteorites on a blue ice field near the Yamato Mountains. With this discovery, came the realization that movement of ice sheets might act to concentrate meteorites in certain areas. After a dozen other specimens were found in the same place in 1973, a Japanese expedition was launched in 1974 dedicated to the search for meteorites. This team recovered nearly 700 meteorites.
Lautaro Volcano is an active ice-covered stratovolcano located in Chilean Patagonia, in the northern part of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. Its summit rises roughly above the average surface of the ice cap plateau. It is the tallest mountain in Bernardo O'Higgins National Park and in its vicinity lies Pío XI Glacier. In 1952 the volcano was given its name in honor of Lautaro, who was a Mapuche military leader.
Kenai Fjords National Park is an American national park established in 1980 by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. The park covers an area of on the Kenai Peninsula in south-central Alaska, near the town of Seward. The park contains the Harding Icefield, one of the largest ice fields in the United States. The park is named for the numerous fjords carved by glaciers moving down the mountains from the ice field.
Eruption products consist chiefly of alkaline basalt and basanite. Volcanism in the Austral Volcanic Zone is less vigorous than in the Southern Volcanic Zone. Recorded eruptions are rare due to the area being unexplored well into the 19th century; the cloudy weather of its western coast might also have prevented sightings of eruptions. The Austral Volcanic Zone hosts both glaciated stratovolcanoes as well as subglacial volcanoes under the Southern Patagonian Ice Field.
Within this province, the noted Torres del Paine National Park, Cerro Torre and Cerro Chaltén is located, comprising some of the most spectacular mountain peaks of South America. Also part of the biggest non- polar glacier, the Southern Patagonian Ice Field is within Última Esperanza. Cueva del Milodón Natural Monument, where prehistoric human occupation has been documented,C. Michael Hogan, Cueva del Milodon, Megalithic Portal, 13 April 2008 is also within this province.
Aguilera (e. 2546 m/8353 ft.) is a stratovolcano in southern Chile, which rises above the edge of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. It is a remote volcano that was identified as such in 1985, but the first ascent only occurred in 2014, making it the last unclimbed major Andean volcano. It is located west of Lake Argentino and northeast of Peel Fjord in the southern Andes and erupted mainly dacites and pyroclastic tephra.
During the show's Polar special at the end of series nine, Jeremy Clarkson was shown drinking gin and tonic while driving through an ice field in the Arctic. Despite the producers' and Clarkson's claims that they were in international waters at the time, the BBC Trust found that the scene could 'glamorise the misuse of alcohol', and that the scene "was not editorially justified in the context of a family show pre-watershed".
The valley is located between the Martínez de Rozas Range at the east and the (east) glaciers of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field at the west side and the lake get the waters of many rivers from the range and the glaciers and its waters flow through the de las Vueltas River (south side), to the Viedma lake and then to the Atlantic Ocean. The contended area was about 500 km2 of territory.
Koppes is a co-founder of Girls on Ice, a program for high school girls about wilderness science, glaciology, ecology, and mountaineering. She also acts as an adviser for a summer exploration and field research program, the Juneau Ice Field Research Program, for high school to graduate students interested in studying glaciology. In addition, she has worked with the Student Conservation Association to help coordinate high school students build and restore trails.
Starr Nunatak, on the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica Cântaro Magro, Serra da Estrela, Portugal, formed as a nunatak during the last ice age and now exposed A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is the summit or ridge of a mountain that protrudes from an ice field or glacier that otherwise covers most of the mountain or ridge. They are also called glacial islands.Physical Geography: Hydrosphere, 2006, , p. 114 Examples are natural pyramidal peaks.
This ecoregion covers the grand Rocky Mountains of Alberta including the eastern outliers of the Continental Ranges. Located almost entirely in Alberta and taking in the Alberta-British Columbia border from Banff north to Jasper, Alberta and Kakwa Wildlands Park. This is an area of glaciers and high mountains covered with a forest of tall trees. The highest points are the mountains around the Columbia Icefield the largest ice field in the Rockies.
Glaciarium is a modern glacier interpretation centre, built to entertain and educate about ice, glaciers and the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. It is located in the town of El Calafate, gateway to glaciers, in the Santa Cruz province, Patagonia, southern Argentina. It opened on January 17, 2011, with a ceremony that was attended by President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. The building was designed by the architectural office Santiago Cordeyro Arquitectos and the architect Pablo Güiraldes.
A number of rare plants and animals are found in the park, including the elusive snow leopard and the Gobi camel. Areas of sand dunes are found, most famously the Khongoryn Els - the Singing Sands. Another major tourist destination is Yolyn Am, which is connected with Dalanzadgad by paved road and a mountain valley that contains a large ice field through most of the year. Bactrian camels by the sand dunes of Khongoryn Els.
Remnants of the Yolyn Am ice field, September 2006 Yolyn Am (, Lammergeier Valley) is a deep and narrow gorge in the Gurvan Saikhan Mountains of southern Mongolia. The valley is named after the Lammergeier, which is called Yol in Mongolian. The Lammergeier is an Old World vulture, hence the name is often translated to Valley of the Vultures or Valley of the Eagles. The valley is located within Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park.
Amalia Glacier, also known as Skua Glacier, is a tidewater glacier located in Bernardo O'Higgins National Park on the edge of the Sarmiento Channel. The glacier originates in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. From 1945 to 1986, its terminus retreated , being, along with the recession of the O'Higgins Glacier, the most dramatic retreat of the glaciers of the mentioned icefield during that period. The glacier partially surrounds Reclus volcano and erodes the northern flank of it.
This map shows the current border of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, the B Section is pending delineation In the 1990s, relations improved dramatically. The dictator and last president of the Argentine Military Junta, General Reynaldo Bignone, called for democratic elections in 1983, and Augusto Pinochet of Chile did the same in 1989. As a consequence, militaristic tendencies faded in Argentina. The Argentine presidents Carlos Menem and Fernando de la Rúa had particularly good relations with Chile.
The Cordilleran Ice Sheet has left remnants throughout the Northern Rocky Mountains. Unlike the other two ice sheets, this one is mountain based covering British Columbia and reaching into northern Washington State and Montana. The Cordilleran Ice Sheet has more of an Alpine style of many glaciers merged into a whole. The striations made by the ice field in moving over the bedrock show that it moved principally to the west through the passes of the coast range.
Reclus (named after Élisée Reclus; sometimes confused with Cerro Mano del Diablo southwest of Reclus), also written as Reclús, is a volcano located in the Southern Patagonia Ice Field, Chile. Part of the Austral Volcanic Zone of the Andes, its summit rises above sea level and is capped by a crater about wide. Close to the volcano lies the Amalia Glacier, which is actively eroding Reclus. The volcano has been active during the late Pleistocene and Holocene.
These contain three of the world's highest capitals: Bogotá, Quito and highest of all, La Paz, Bolivia. The southernmost Andes hosts the South Patagonian Ice Field are lower and narrower. There are a number of large glaciers in the northern part, but from latitude 19°S to 28°S the climate is so arid that no permanent ice can form even on the highest peaks. Permafrost, however, is widespread in this section of the Altiplano and continuous above .
Between 1960 and 2004 the glaciers in the region have shrunk in volume by , or 7%, and in area by , or 5.5%. The rate of shrinkage is expected to accelerate, with 2/3 of China's glaciers gone by 2060. Measurements using interferometric synthetic-aperture radar showed that the ice field became slightly thicker in 2011–2012, by about , then in 2012–2016 thinned each year by . This was mainly due to a steep drop in annual precipitation, from .
Camp site is situated at the end of the ridge where glaciers on left and right merge, right before the ice field leading to the Col. Cross Auden's Col (5490 m), to Khatling Glacier Camp (5000 m) : This is the longest and hardest part. It is better to start really early, preferably by 5:00am, as snow plodding becomes difficult as sun comes up. Approach to Col is littered with crevasses, so team must be roped.
The first ascent of Lautaro was made by Peter Skvarca and Luciano Pera, on January 29, 1964. They climbed the southeast ridge, encountering many crevasses, some steep ice walls, cornices, and a snow mushroom at the summit. They found an active crater and strong sulfurous emissions near the summit. The second ascent was made by Eric Jones, Mick Coffey, and Leo Dickinson on March 2, 1973, as part of a crossing of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field.
Johannes Brüggen Messtorff better known by his hispanized name Juan Brüggen (Lübeck, Germany, April 25, 1887 – March 7, 1953, Santiago de Chile) was a German-Chilean geologist. One of his most famous works is the extensive treaty of Fundamentos de la geología de Chile published in 1950. Brüggen Glacier in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field is named after him. Two of Brüggen's students established the geology degree at the University of Chile; Jorge Muñoz Cristi and Héctor Flores Williams.
The Southern Patagonia Ice Field extends from parallels 48° 15′ S to 51° 30′ S for approximately , and has an area of , of which roughly fall within Chile and within Argentina. The ice mass feeds dozens of glaciers in the area, among which are the Upsala (765 km2), Viedma (978 km2) and Perito Moreno (258 km2) in the Los Glaciares National Park in Argentina, and the Pío XI Glacier or Bruggen Glacier (1,265 km2, the largest in area and longest in the southern hemisphere outside of Antarctica), O'Higgins (820 km2), Grey (270 km2) and Tyndall (331 km2) in Chile. The glaciers going to the west flow into the fjords of the Patagonian channels of the Pacific Ocean; those going to the East flow into the Patagonian lakes Viedma and Argentino, and eventually, through the rivers de la Leona and Santa Cruz, to the Atlantic Ocean. An important part of the ice field is protected under different national parks, such as the Bernardo O'Higgins and Torres del Paine in Chile, and the aforementioned Los Glaciares in Argentina.
From 1892 to 1906, cutters would cruise up the Siberian coast and barter with Chukchi for reindeer, which were then transported to a station at Port Clarence, near Nome, Alaska. In 1897, eight whaling ships were trapped in an Arctic ice field surrounding Point Barrow, the northernmost point of Alaska. The owners of the ships were concerned that the 265 men of the ships' crews would starve during the winter. They appealed to President William McKinley to send a relief expedition.
Cerro Pared Norte is a mountain located in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region of Chile. It lies on the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, at the center of a mountain ridge with steep slopes and sheer cliffs, at whose southern and northern tips lie, respectively, Cerro Pared Sur (2,548 m) and an unnamed summit. A glacier named after the mountain originates from their eastern slopes. "Pared Norte" (Spanish for "North Wall") gets its name from its shape and location.
This ruling severely impacted fishers in the country making Chile lose a valuable trade in Northwest Chile. The Chilean government has diplomatic relations with most countries. It settled all its territorial disputes with Argentina during the 1990s except for part of the border at Southern Patagonian Ice Field. Chile and Bolivia severed diplomatic ties in 1978 over Bolivia's desire to regain sovereign access to the Pacific Ocean after losing it to Chile in the 1879–83 War of the Pacific.
Cerro Torre in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, South America In 2009 David Lama announced his intention to free climb Cerro Torre via the Compressor Route, which means only natural rock and ice formations are used for the ascent of the mountain. Bolts and rope only serve as protection in case of a fall. Nobody had done this before, all previous ascents had used climbing aids of one kind or another. Alpinist legend Reinhold Messner even called the undertaking “crazy and impossible”.
In a bilateral manner, both countries settled all the remaining disputes except Laguna del Desierto, which was decided by International Arbitration in 1994. That decision favoured Argentine claims. According to a 1998 negotiation held in Buenos Aires, a section of the boundary in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field is still pending mapping and demarcation according to the limits already settled by the 1881 treaty. In 2006, president Néstor Kirchner invited Chile to define the border, but Michelle Bachelet's government left the invitation unanswered.
The Ikersuaq fjord is oriented in a roughly NE/SW direction and to the southwest its mouth opens into the Julianehab Bay, Labrador Sea, North Atlantic Ocean. There is a vast ice field on the northwestern side of the fjord, where there are three branches, Qaleragdlit Imâ, Kangerlua and Kangerluarsuk. The Northern Sermilik (Nordre Sermilik) fjord is the inner section of Ikersuaq fjord. On its southern side the 1,440 m high Ilimaussaq peak rises in the peninsula to the east of the fjord.
Puruogangri is near the boundary between the southern part of the Tibetan Plateau, where the weather is driven by the monsoon cycle, and the northern part where it is driven by continental westerly storms coming from the Arctic and the North Atlantic. The latter process has the greatest effect on the ice field. The Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya hold the largest amount of ice outside the Arctic and Antarctic. Meltwater from the glaciers feeds the Yangtze, Yellow, Indus, Brahmaputra and Ganges rivers.
The blizzard continued until 16 July. This broke up the pack ice into smaller, individual floes, each of which began to move semi-independently under the force of the weather, while also clearing water in the north of the Weddell Sea. This provided a long fetch for the south-setting wind to blow over and then for the broken ice to pile up against itself while individual parts moved in different directions. This caused regions of intense localised pressure in the ice field.
The first mountaineering visit at Mount Silverthrone was by the famous pioneering climbing group of Don and Phyllis Munday in 1936 by walking up the Klinaklini Glacier from the head of Knight Inlet. Because Silverthrone is heavily glaciated, Don Munday called the mountain "home of the snows".Ha-Iltzuk Icefield in the Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2007-11-13 Skiing on Mount Silverthrone includes skiing on the largest ice field in the southern Coast Mountains, the Ha-Iltzuk Icefield.
About 710 people survived the disaster and were conveyed by Carpathia to New York, Titanics original destination, while at least 1,500 people lost their lives. Carpathia's captain described the place as an ice field that had included 20 large bergs measuring up to high and numerous smaller bergs, as well as ice floes and debris from Titanic; passengers described being in the middle of a vast white plain of ice, studded with icebergs. This area is now known as Iceberg Alley.
Self-arrest is a technique employed in mountaineering in which a climber who has fallen and is sliding down a snow or ice-covered slope arrests the slide by themselves without recourse to a rope or other belay system. Self-arrest can be performed by using ice axe and a combination of a climber's boots, hands, feet, knees and elbows. Use of an ice axe greatly increases the probability of effectively stopping a fall down a snow field, ice field, or glacier.
In January 1958 Bonatti was in Patagonia, (Argentina), to participate in a mixed Italian-Argentinian expedition in the glaciated mountains of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. The objective was to climb with Carlo Mauri the unclimbed Cerro Torre (). The climb started from the west side of the mountain 2 February in conditions of fair weather, but the route would prove to be difficult and the climbing equipment (ropes and pitons) insufficient. Very likely, the climb itself was above the skills of the best climbers of those years.
Alice encounters Ada Wong - immediately recognizing her as the associate of Wesker. Wesker appears on a monitor and Ada explains that she and Wesker no longer work for Umbrella as the supercomputer Red Queen has taken over the Umbrella Corporation. While Alice wants to blast her way out of a window to escape, Ada reveals to her that they are located beneath an ice field. Wesker informs Alice that he has sent her help in the form of a team led by Leon Kennedy.
Composers represented in the annual festival have included such artists as Meredith Monk, Muhal Richard Abrams, Terry Riley, Philip Glass, Frederic Rzewski, Margaret Leng Tan, Henry Brant, Conlon Nancarrow, Robert Ashley, Pauline Oliveros, Lou Harrison, Laurie Anderson, LaMonte Young, Leroy Jenkins, Janice Giteck, Kyle Gann, Olly Wilson, William Parker, Gavin Bryars, Michael Nyman, Brian Eno and many others. Henry Brant's Pulitzer Prize winning Ice Field from 2001 was an Other Minds commission. Grawemeyer Award winner Louis Andriessen was recently featured as was MacArthur Fellow Jason Moran.
Besides, lieutenant Ignatieff and Demidov got the first seal on the expedition, that they found looking like ringed seal living in Arkhangelsk Governorate. On January 9, "Mirny" collided with an ice field and knocked out four-pound ship gref. Strength of the construction and skills of lieutenant Nikolay Obernisov minimized damage, so the leak did not even open. On January 12 the expedition passed 8 icebergs and crossed 61 south latitude, the weather all that time was cloudy, and it was raining with snow.
In 2012, O'Shea began a series of expeditions called The Ice Project aiming to cross all of the worlds major ice caps with fellow adventurer Clare O'Leary. O'Shea and O'Leary made an unsuccessful attempt to be the first Irish Team to walk to the North Pole in early 2012 . Logistics difficulties have been stated as the reason for the team aborting their attempt. In November 2013, the pair completed a 19-day crossing of the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, becoming the first Irish team to do so.
In England in the following year he was employed on a joint venture of the Russia and East India Companies to discover the Northwest Passage. In the Hopewell of forty tons he sailed from Gravesend, Kent, on 18 April 1606, and, leaving the Orkneys on 12 May, fell in with a large ice field, and after a long passage made the coast of Labrador, in about lat. 57°, on 19 June. Knight intended to explore the coast during the summer, and to winter ashore.
Compared with the other Aleutian strato-volcanoes in the region, which have steep profiles, the Makushin volcano is a contrast that exhibits a broad and dome like structure with an ice field coverage of . Fumaroles and hot springs in area form a roughly linear trend. About to the south of this volcano is the “composite Pakushin cone” that has multiple craters, which is 4000 years old eruption; pyroclastic flows and surges have been reported here. The southeast flank of the volcano has rock exposures, at elevation.
His engineer, Ernst Dreblow, brought his seaplane, a Heinkel HD 24 D-1313, aboard a steamer. By December 1928, the airplane had been fully assembled and the inaugural flight brought the first air mail from Puntas Arenas to Ushuaia, Argentina. In the months following, Plüschow and Dreblow were the first to explore by air the Cordillera Darwin, Cape Horn, the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, and the Torres del Paine of Patagonia. In 1929, Plüschow had to sell the Feuerland to obtain funds to return to Germany.
After a very close encounter with an ice island, the Surprise is again chased until her pursuer sails into a dead end in the ice field. The Surprise sails out, losing her main mast and rudder to a lightning strike. The crew of the jury-rigged Surprise spot a ship hull-down on the horizon. The ship, recognized by Maturin as having two rows of cannon, is HMS Berenice under Captain Heneage Dundas, accompanied by her tender, and carries Aubrey's much younger half-brother Philip.
Many observations referring to volcanic activity on the Southern Patagonian Ice Field exist, including reports of ashfalls, layers of tephra on glaciers and columns of smoke rising from the ice. A subglacial eruption occurred in 1988, depositing ash and pumice on the Viedma Glacier. These materials later gave rise to a lahar. The eruption had melted part of the ice and formed a network of valleys; it was assumed that it had taken place at some point between September and November of that year.
Territory claimed by Argentina Argentina claims part of Antarctica as Argentine Antarctica, an area delimited by the 25° West and 74° West meridians and the 60° South parallel. This claim overlaps the British and Chilean claims, though all territorial claims in Antarctica are currently suspended (although not abandoned) under the Antarctic Treaty System. Argentina also claims the British overseas territories of the Falkland Islands () and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. In addition a long border with Chile in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field is awaiting demarcation as required under a 1998 treaty.
Korso, who survived and overheard Cale's plan, shows up and helps stall the Drej and then sacrifices himself to complete the repairs. The Titan absorbs the Drej mothership along with everything aboard, and uses this gained power, along with the ice field, to generate a new, habitable planet. Cale and Akima stand in the rain, gazing at the beauty of their new home and discuss what this planet should be called. Stith and Gune do a fly-by on the Valkyrie as colony ships, filled with humans anxious to start life anew, approach.
On 15 July 1942, due to poor weather and limited visibility, six P-38 fighters of 94th Fighter Squadron/1st FG and two B-17 bombers of a bombardment squadron were forced to return to Greenland en route to the British Isles during Operation Bolero. The aircraft were forced to make emergency landings on the ice field. All the crew members were subsequently rescued. However, Glacier Girl, along with the unit's five other fighters and the two B-17s, were eventually buried under of snow and ice that had built up over the ensuing decades.
Kiagna River was first explored by prospectors who ascended the stream from Chitina River, about 1904, after gold had been discovered on Dan and Chititu creeks. They staked ground but seem to have done little mining. In 1906, or possibly 1905, James Barkley and J. B. Miller crossed the ice field between Yakataga beach and Granite Creek and made their way to the head of the Kiagna. They saw evidence that the Native Americans knew this route to the coast and they found the stakes of the former prospectors on the Kiagna.
The windswept Patagonian landscape of Santa Cruz. The province is generally divided into 2 distinct regions: The Andes in the west and the plateaus in the centre and east. In the Andes, there are numerous lakes such as Buenos Aires Lake (2,240 km², 881 km² in Argentina), Cardiel Lake (460 km²), Viedma Lake (1082 km²), Argentino Lake (1560 km²), Pueyrredón Lake, Belgrano Lake and San Martín Lake (1.013 km²). One characteristic of the Andean region is the presence of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field that covers the central part of the Andes.
He was reelected in 1991, 1995 and 1999. In the meantime, Estévez Boero ran again for president in 1989. President Alfonsín was succeeded (amid an economic crisis which included food riots in Rosario) by the Justicialist Carlos Menem. While still a Deputy, he was also elected member of the Assembly that dealt with the 1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution, and he played a major role in the crafting of the border treaty between Argentina and Chile of 1998, which dealt with the division of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field.
General Carrera Lake The great Andean lakes of Palena (near the 44th parallel), General Carrera (in lat 46° 30′ S.), Cochrane (47° 15′ S.) and O'Higgins (49° S.), lie partly within Chilean territory. In Argentina are called, respectively, General Paz (also is known as General Vintter), Buenos Aires, Pueyrredón and San Martín. Towards the coast, other important lakes are Presidente Rios Lake, Laguna San Rafael and Yulton Lake. Southward from the southern portion of Southern Patagonian Ice Field (about 51° S. lat.), lakes include Del Toro and Sarmiento.
As a result, the ice-strengthened oil tanker Renda was chartered to carry a cargo of diesel fuel, heating oil and gasoline to the city. This was the first time a fuel supply mission was attempted in the middle of the winter. In January 2012, a Jones Act waiver was arranged with the support of Alaska's congressional delegation so that Renda could load fuel at Dutch Harbor and transport it to Nome, a task normally reserved for US- flagged vessels. At the time, Nome was separated from open water by a pack ice field.
Nordwand (north face) of the Eiger, with a diagram showing the route established during the events written about in The White Spider. The Spider ice-field is located on the peak's upper left. The White Spider (1959; with chapters added in 1964; original title: Die Weisse Spinne) is a book written by Heinrich Harrer that describes the first successful ascent of the Eiger Nordwand (Eiger north face), a mountain in the Berner Oberland of the Swiss Alps with sections devoted to the history of mountaineering in the area.
Pyramid Mountain, a subglacial mound in British Columbia, Canada A subglacial mound (SUGM) is a type of subglacial volcano. This type of volcano forms when lava erupts beneath a thick glacier or ice sheet. The magma forming these volcanoes was not hot enough to melt a vertical pipe right through the overlying glacial ice, instead forming hyaloclastite and pillow lava deep beneath the glacial ice field. Once the glaciers had retreated, the subglacial volcano would be revealed, with a unique shape as a result of their confinement within glacial ice.
American-born producer Varick Frissell's previous short films, The Lure of Labrador and The Swilin' Racket (also known as The Great Arctic Seal Hunt), prompted him to make a full-length feature entitled Vikings of the Ice Field. Paramount Pictures put up $100,000 to finance the production, while insisting that Hollywood personnel be used. Frissell hired director George Melford, who had attended McGill University in Montreal and had experience in filming Canadian subjects previously. By 1930, Frissell had completed most of the principal photography on location in Quidi Vidi.
Homes, government buildings, and flags of Argentina went up to mark the city settlement. The town is located at the edge of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field and about 350 inhabitants live there throughout all the seasons of the year. Snow and ice mostly fence the town, and the homes are low structured with roads mostly made of rocks and dirt. In October 2014, El Chalten took second place in a ranking of "Best cities in the world to know" of the travel guide Lonely Planet publishing in 2015, being the first city of Argentina.
Alain Mesili (born 24 February 1949 in Paris) is a climber and mountain guide, photographer and political activist based in La Paz, Bolivia.Alain Mesili, a living leyand (sic) a biography by Yossi Brain He was a political activist in France during the 1968 student riots. In 1969 he left the country, disgusted by the French Communist Party's failures, for Argentina. Over the period of a year Mesili explored Patagonia, crossing the Southern Patagonian Ice Field; he may have been the first person to travel through modern-day Los Glaciares National Park.
Retrieved May 27, 2020. Elsewhere, at the same time, a white explorer named Davis (William Monk) is desperate for food and is trying to spear seals though holes in the ice. He is the lone survivor of a "lost polar expedition", and as he continues his hunt, he suddenly realizes that the large section of ice on which he is standing has broken off from the ice field and is drifting out to sea. Seemingly doomed, Davis is later elated to sight the orphan's canoe, which has miraculously drifted toward his ice floe.
Rostron ordered the ship's heating and hot water cut off in order to make as much steam as possible available for the engines, and had extra lookouts on watch to spot icebergs."RMS Carpathia" Retrieved 8 May 2014 Cottam, meanwhile, messaged the Titanic that the Carpathia was coming as quickly as possible and that they expect to reach their location within four hours. Cottam refrained from sending more signals after this, trying to keep the network clear for the Titanics distress signals. The Carpathia reached the edge of the ice field by 2:45 a.m.
Why did Titanic proceed into the ice field at full speed? The outrage was driven not least by the survivors themselves; even while they were aboard Carpathia on their way to New York, Beesley and other survivors determined to "awaken public opinion to safeguard ocean travel in the future" and wrote a public letter to The Times urging changes to maritime safety laws. In places closely associated with Titanic, the sense of grief was deep. The heaviest losses were in Southampton, home port to 699 crew members and also home to many of the passengers.
Apprehensive at his ship being caught in a large field of drift ice, Californians captain, Stanley Lord, had decided at about 22:00 to halt for the night and wait for daylight to find a way through the ice field. At 23:30, 10 minutes before Titanic hit the iceberg, Californians sole radio operator, Cyril Evans, shut his set down for the night and went to bed. On the bridge her Third Officer, Charles Groves, saw a large vessel to starboard around away. It made a sudden turn to port and stopped.
A blue ice field has formed within the caldera of Mount Moulton behind the Prahl Crags, and contains ice almost 500,000 years old. It is the oldest dated ice in West Antarctica and much older than ice found elsewhere in West Antarctic ice cores. Such blue ice fields like those found at Mount Moulton form when glaciers run into an obstacle – in this case the Prahl Crags – and part of the ice starts moving vertically as it undergoes ablation processes like sublimation. In the case of Mount Moulton, this outcrop of ice is about long.
Brant won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 2002 for his composition Ice Field. In addition to composing, he played the violin, flute, tin whistle, percussion, piano, and organ and frequently included soloistic parts in his large works for himself to play. Later premieres included Wind, Water, Clouds & Fire, for 4 choirs and instrumentalists, commissioned by Present Music and premiered on November 19, 2004 at The Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Tremors, for 4 singers and 16 instrumentalists, commissioned by the Getty Research Institute, premiered on June 4, 2004, at the Getty Center in Los Angeles.
A member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Brant was awarded the 2002 Pulitzer Prize in Music for Ice Field (2001), commissioned by Other Minds and premiered by the San Francisco Symphony under the direction of Michael Tilson Thomas. He received two Guggenheim Fellowships and was the first American composer to win the Prix Italia. Among other honors were Ford Foundation, Fromm Foundation, National Endowment for the Arts and Koussevitzky awards and the American Music Center's Letter of Distinction. In conjunction with Brant's 85th birthday concert, Wesleyan University conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Fine Arts (1998).
In 2012, O'Leary and Mike O'Shea set out on an ongoing series of expeditions that they called the Ice Project; their aim is to cross all of the world's largest ice caps. Some of these expeditions included crossings of the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, the Greenland ice sheet, and Lake Baikal. In 2014, they plan to attempt to ski to the North Pole after their 2012 North Pole trek was cancelled due to a logistics problem; this attempt will be O'Leary's fourth and O'Shea's second. They hope to be the first Irish people to reach the North Pole.
K2 is the second-highest mountain on Earth, after Mount Everest, with a peak elevation of . K2 is part of the Karakoram range, not far from the Himalayas, and is located on the border between the Pakistani Gilgit-Baltistan region, and China's Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County of Xinjiang Autonomous Region. It is regarded by mountaineers as far more challenging than Everest, and is statistically the second most dangerous mountain in the world in terms of fatality per summit. The most dangerous section of the climb is the Bottleneck, a steep couloir overhung by seracs from the ice field east of the summit.
Argentina/Chile border The park includes a great part of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field. One of its main attractions is the Glacier Pío XI, from which enormous ice blocks periodically spall. The Pío XI glacier is the largest glacier in the southern hemisphere outside of Antarctica, covering an area of , and has advanced over the past 50 years by more than ; one of its tongues measures approximately . The ice face of the glacier is approximately in height (about 30 floors of a conventional building) and the falling ice generates waves exceeding in height; significant enough to rock larger vessels.
Viedma Glacier is a large glacier that is part of the huge Southern Patagonian Ice Field, located at the southern end of mainland South America. Viedma Glacier is a valley glacier and its moraine-rich terminus flows into the western end of Lake Viedma, which is fed primarily by its melting ice. Viedma Glacier is located in the undefined part of the limit between Chile and Argentina, in argentinian legislature it's in Los Glaciares National Park which was declared a World Heritage Site in 1981. in Chilean legislature part of it is in Bernardo O'Higgins National Park.
Península de Taitao: This SRTM inaccurate map doesn't show the connection between the Laguna San Rafael and the Estero Elefantes. The Isthmus of Ofqui is a narrow isthmus that connects the Taitao Peninsula with the Chilean mainland. The isthmus is bounded in the south by the Gulf of Penas, in the north by the San Rafael Lagoon, in the west by the Taitao Peninsula and in the east by the Northern Patagonia Ice Field. Much of the swampy isthmus is drained by San Tadeo River that flow in SSW direction to the Gulf of San Esteban.
Paro was designed by Takanori Shibata of the Intelligent System Research Institute of Japan's AIST beginning in 1993. It was first exhibited to the public in late 2001, costing US$15 million to develop, and became a "Best of COMDEX" finalist in 2003,Meet Paro, the therapeutic robot seal, CNN.com, 20 November 2003 and handmade versions have been sold commercially by Shibata's company Intelligent System Co. since 2004. Paro is based on harp seals Shibata saw in an ice field in northeastern Canada, where he also recorded their cries in order to use them for Paro's simulated cries.
The O'Higgins Glacier flows eastwards towards the lake, as does the Chico Glacier. Both of these glaciers are part of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field which extends for approximately in a north-south direction to the west of Lake O'Higgins. Immigrants did not settle in the arid windy area around the lake until the 1910s, when British, Scandinavians and Swiss started raising sheep for wool. The most common tourist route for visiting the lake is that between El Chaltén in Argentina and Villa O'Higgins in Chile, including a ferry through the lake on the Chilean side.
Lewis was rescued by personnel from the Antarctic research outpost Palmer Station, who subsequently repaired the Ice Bird while Lewis spent the Antarctic winter in Australia. Ice Bird trials off Palmer Station, 1973 After returning eight months later, Lewis left Palmer station to complete the voyage, but that very same day was caught in a heavy ice field and had to be towed to open water by the R.V. Hero. Later, Lewis capsized again and eventually brought the boat to Cape Town, South Africa. Edited aspects of these events are described in his bestseller book, Ice Bird.
He thinks it is victory music and introduces himself to the crowd like a triumphant gladiator, proudly holding up his acorn. Then he hears the growl of a lion coming from the tunnel behind him. He fires the time machine again before the lion can attack him, and lands on an ice field. He is overjoyed, thinking he is home, but he soon sees the ill-fated RMS Titanic appear out of nowhere, heading straight towards him; he was actually in April 14, 1912 A.D. and on the frozen North Atlantic, the time and location of the ship's sinking.
Lago Mateo Martinic Cordillera Darwin, Tierra del Fuego Expedición Neozelandesa a la Tierra del Fuego 1971-72 Homologado por el Instituto Geográfico Militar Carta Nacional de Chile escala 1:500.000, Hoja “Punta Arenas” 5300-6800, edición 1975 (1971). Cerro Martinic (Southern Patagonian Ice Field, sector SE) Expedición Francesa Andes de Patagonie 1982-83 Enfer Blanc de Patagonie (Editions Fernand Nathan, Paris, 1985). Isla Martinic (Murray Channel, Puerto Corriente) Servicio Hidrografía y Oceanografía de la Armada de Chile. Resolución SHOA Ordinario N°13.042/7/30/VRS de 17-XI-2008 y Carta N°13123 "Puerto Corriente", escala 1:15.000, edición diciembre 2008.
Mountain climbing was Harrer's true passion. Knowing an extraordinary feat of climbing could win him a place on a Himalayan expedition, Harrer and a friend, Fritz Kasparek, resolved to be the first to climb the North Face of the Eiger (3,967 m, 13,025 ft) in the Bernese Alps of Switzerland. The near vertical wall, with its ice-field known as The White Spider, had claimed several lives; and the Bernese authorities even banned climbing it. Following his final university exams in July 1938, Harrer and Kasparek traveled to Kleine Scheidegg at the foot of the Eiger and set out on their climb.
From 1976 to 1980, he has presided the European Geophysical Society, then, between 1983 and 1987, the International Commission on Snow and Ice, an emanation of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences. Elected an honorary member of the International Glaciological Society, he was the 1993 recipient of the Seligman Crystal, a prize granted by this Society for major breakthroughs in glaciology (one recipient every two years on the average). In Chile, the mountain Cerro Lliboutry (), close to the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, was named in his honour. First climbed in 2005, it is henceforth designated as el Lliboutry in Chilean mountaineering guidebooks.andeshandbook.
The Kongsvegen is classified as a polythermal glacier, with large variations in the temperature of the ice below. The ice near the surface (between 50 and 160 metres down (160-520 feet)) is very cold, and overlies a much warmer base of ice. This leads to increased mass flow and velocity over the summer months, usually because of the build-up of meltwater at the base, which lubricates the glacier in basal sliding. The glacier is of a surge type, meaning that its length and characteristics can vary rapidly over time, making the ice field very unpredictable.
During her first year in office Bachelet faced continuing problems from neighbors Argentina and Peru. In July 2006 she sent a letter of protest to Argentine president Néstor Kirchner after his government issued a decree increasing export tariffs on natural gas to Chile, which was considered by Bachelet to be a violation of a tacit bilateral agreement. A month later a long-standing border dispute resurfaced after Argentina published some tourist maps showing contested territory in the south – the Southern Patagonian Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur) – as Argentine, violating an agreement not to define a border over the area.
Huinay also divides the private Pumalín Park founded by American Douglas Tompkins into two parts. Tompkins wants to purchase it to unify his park, however, this has met with strong opposition from the people in the hamlet of Huinay. The Leptepu fjord is part of a longitudinal structural fault that runs from north to south, profoundly remodelled through the passing of the continental glaciers during the glaciations of the Quaternary period. The ice field that slid through the fiord, trapped between high mountains, carved the valleys deeply - they have subsequently been partially refilled with sediment, resulting in a remaining depth of up to 500 m below current sea level.
B8, age 49, to enter the ice field based on his knowledge and information available at the time as the primary reason why Explorer was so severely damaged. "He was under the mistaken impression that he was encountering first year ice which in fact, as the Chilean Navy Report indicated, was much harder land ice." Passengers reported seeing red paint on the passing ice less than thirty minutes prior to when the flooding was reported, another indication that the vessel was passing through compact and hard ice. The Master of Explorer was very experienced in Baltic waters but he was unfamiliar with the type of ice he encountered in Antarctic waters.
Cale and Akima manage to escape the Valkyrie, but they are stranded on New Bangkok when Korso and the rest of the crew set off for the Titan. With the help of New Bangkok's colonists, Cale and Akima salvage a small spaceship named Phoenix and race to find the Titan before Korso does. Cale and Akima navigate through the ice field in the Andali Nebula and dock with the Titan before the Valkyrie arrives. They discover DNA samples of Earth animals, and a pre-recorded holographic message left by Professor Tucker who explains that the Titan was designed to create an Earth-like planet.
In July 1898, British explorer J. Norman Collie and his friends Hugh Stutfield and Herman Wooley set off in search of Douglas' giants, equipped by the famous Banff outfitter Bill Peyto. On the morning of August 18, Collie and Wooley climbed the east side of Mount Athabasca, moved up the glacier when the ridge gave way to crumbling rock, and made their way to the summit, where they discovered an ice field that extended to almost every horizon. Collie later wrote: Columbia Icefield with Mt. Castleguard at left In 1900, former British clergyman James Outram came to the Canadian Rockies to recover his health after a nervous breakdown.Sandford 1993, p. 58.
Most climbers choose to use it to minimize time required to spend above (the "death zone"). The standard route, the Abruzzi Spur (SE), as well as the Cesen route (SSE Ridge, which joins SE Ridge), and the American variety on the NE Ridge (traverse across E Face to SE Ridge), all attain the summit via the Bottleneck. The climbers approaching the bottleneck start from a shoulder, on almost level ground just below 8000 m, where typically the highest camp is located. The bottom end of the couloir drops to the south face of the mountain, and it gradually steepens to 60 degrees just below the ice field.
Between 1986 and 2016 the mountain lost over three quarters of its ice cap, and the remaining ice field broke up into several ice bodies. Moraines at elevations of above sea level testify to the occurrence of more extensive glaciation during the last ice age between 25,000 and 17,000 years before present; these moraines have diverted some lava flows. Younger moraines are found at higher altitudes, above sea level, and may have formed between 13,000 and 10,000 years ago, shortly after the beginning of the Holocene. Earthquake activity has allowed the identification of a candidate magma reservoir beneath Pampa Sepina northeast of Sabancaya about away from the summit.
In January 2017, Kapitan Dranitsyn and Admiral Makarov escorted two ice-strengthened cargo ships carrying construction material for berth of the floating nuclear power plant Akademik Lomonosov from Arkhangelsk to Pevek. The mid-winter crossing along the Northern Sea Route was reportedly the first since the Soviet times at this time of the year. However, on the return voyage the convoy encountered a heavy ice barrier at the entrance to Chaunskaya Bay. While the two icebreakers could have overcome the wide ice field on their own, it would have not been safe for the ice class Arc5 cargo ships Sinegorsk and Iohann Mahmastal that were in ballast.
December 12, 2001 photo of the USGS streamflow-gaging station at Huey Creek, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Huey Creek () is a glacial meltwater stream, long, flowing south from an ice field west of Mount Falconer to the north- central shore of Lake Fryxell, in Taylor Valley, Victoria Land, Antarctica. The name was suggested by hydrologist Diane McKnight, leader of a United States Geological Survey (USGS) team that made extensive hydrological studies in the Lake Fryxell basin, 1987–94. The name acknowledges support received by the USGS field team in Taylor Valley from U.S. Navy Squadron VXE-6 and its twin engine UH-1N "Huey" helicopters.
The Devil's Messenger is a 1961 anthology horror film combining 3 episodes of the 1959 B&W; Swedish television series 13 Demon Street (which was never broadcast in the USA) with some new scenes featuring Lon Chaney Jr., Karen Kadler and John Crawford. This "feature version" of the series is the closest the U.S. came to seeing the TV series in the U.S. (although the entire series is now available on DVD in the territory). The film includes stories about a 50,000-year-old woman found frozen in an ice field, a man's death foretold in dreams, and Satan's plans to blow up the Earth with atomic weapons.
While Viktor Chernomyrdin is not as powerful as the Russian nuclear-powered icebreakers, at her propulsion power is nonetheless one of the highest among diesel-electric icebreakers. At the time of construction, she was second only to the three Ermak-class icebreakers built in the mid-1970s. However, she is still significantly less powerful than the gas turbine-powered USCGC Polar Star and USCGC Polar Sea operated by the United States Coast Guard. Designed according to the double acting ship principle, Viktor Chernomyrdin is capable of moving continuously in compact ice field up to thick with a snow cover at in both ahead and astern directions.
It also noted that when he did know of Titanic distress, Lord twice took his ship across an ice field to help search for survivors. Captain Lord's chief defender and union attorney, Leslie Harrison, who had led the fight to have the Californian incident re-examined by the British government, called the dual conclusions of the report "an admission of failure to achieve the purpose of the reappraisal." The 1992 report by the MAIB was published just months after their publication of another controversial report, on the subject of the Marchioness disaster of 1989. This report had led to questions over the evidence-gathering, conduct and judgements of the MAIB.
The Ice palace will be the second largest in the CIS with the area of , similar with the Minsk-Arena and smaller than the Bolshoy Ice Dome. The complex will consist of three units: the ice arena with 12,000 seats, a training rink with a recreation complex, and a swimming pool. The layout of the ice arena will allow it to function as a universal platform for figure skating, ice hockey, boxing, basketball, volleyball, as well as a concert hall with 5,000 seats, in the case of laying thermal insulation covering the entire area of the ice field with about . Special attention is given to the technology of ice freezing.
The Viedma Glacier and the Viedma Nunatak (centre-right) The Viedma Nunatak is commonly interpreted to be the site of the volcano, after observations made in 1944-1945 and 1950 by survey flights including controversial sightings of fumaroles which also led to the nunatak becoming known as the "Volcan Viedma"; but the lack of clear evidence and the difficulty of field sampling has rendered its identification with the Viedma vent contentious. The nunatak is about high above sea level. Most of the mountain is buried beneath the Viedma Glacier of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field and only parts of it crop out. The outcropping nunatak is elongated in north-south direction.
Grey Glacier in the picture is one of the many outlet glaciers of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field View of Puerto Williams with Dientes de Navarino mountains behind Torres del Paine National Park Panoramical view of Coihaique Guanacos in Torres del Paine National Park in Patagonia The Zona Austral (Southernmost Zone) is one of the five natural regions into which CORFO divided continental Chile in 1950 corresponding to the Chilean portion of Patagonia. It is surrounded by the Zona Sur and the Chacao Channel to the north, the Pacific Ocean and Drake's Passage to the south and west, and the Andean mountains and Argentina to the east. If excluding Chiloé Archipelago Zona Austral covers all of Chilean Patagonia.
High on K2: Seracs above the Bottleneck The Bottleneck is a location along the South-East Spur (also known as Abruzzi Spur), the most-used route to the summit of K2, the second-highest mountain in the world, in the Karakoram, on the border of Pakistan administered Kashmir and China. The Bottleneck is a narrow couloir, which is overhung by seracs from the ice field east of the summit. The couloir is located only below the summit, and climbers have to traverse about exposed to the seracs to pass it. Due to the height of , and the steepness of 50 to 60 degrees, this stretch is the most dangerous part of the route.K2climb.
It consists of six volcanoes, from north to south these are Lautaro, Viedma, Aguilera, Reclus, Monte Burney and Cook; only the first has clearly documented historical activity, in 1959-1960. The first five are located on the South America Plate at increasing distances from the trench, while Cook is on the Scotia Plate and is a complex of lava domes unlike the other volcanoes which are stratovolcanoes. North of Lautaro lies a long gap without volcanism and then Cerro Hudson, the southernmost volcano of the Southern Volcanic Zone. The volcano is a / high stratovolcano that rises from the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, reaching a height of about above its base and almost entirely covered with ice.
Subglacial mounds (SUGM) of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex are an unusual type of subglacial volcano formed when subglacial eruptions began melting overlying glacial ice at a time when this region was covered by glacial ice during the Pleistocene and early Holocene periods. These subglacial eruptions were not hot enough to melt a vertical pipe right through the overlying glacial ice, instead forming mounds of hydrated volcanic rock made up of volcanic fragments called hyaloclastite and lava that solidified into pillow- shaped masses called pillow lava deep beneath the glacial ice field. Once the glaciers had retreated, the subglacial volcanoes would be revealed, with a unique shape as a result of their confinement within glacial ice.
They suggest that the pass was in regular use as a short route across the Bernese Alps, connecting the Bernese Oberland and the Valais, throughout this period. The nearest easier passes across the massif are the Sanetschpass () and the Rawilpass (), situated a short distance to the west and east, respectively. In September 2003, Bronze Age or Neolithic artifacts were discovered at the icefield just below the pass, at ca. . The discovery was made possible by the melting away of the formerly permanent ice field during the exceptionally hot summer of 2003. Further searches in 2004 and 2005 yielded more than 400 objects dating to various epochs, about half of them placed by carbon dating to between 29th and the 27th centuries BC (Corded ware period).
View on the ice islands, March 4, 1820, from the P. Mikhailov's album On December 31, 1819, the expedition reached Bristol Island, and survived the heaviest squall, followed with wet snow that decreased the visibility to 50 fathoms. At 10 pm the expedition ran into an impassable ice field and changed its course. Only the topsail was to be remained, even though it was also covered in snow that the crew had to put the sloops directly under the wind and calm sails. Watch guards had to put snow out of decks constantly. Officers celebrated the new year of 1820 at 6 am, and Bellingshausen wished everyone in the mess get out of a dangerous situation and safely return to the fatherland.
Finnish icebreaker escorting a merchant ship in the Baltic Sea Today, most icebreakers are needed to keep trade routes open where there are either seasonal or permanent ice conditions. While the merchant vessels calling ports in these regions are strengthened for navigation in ice, they are usually not powerful enough to manage the ice by themselves. For this reason, in the Baltic Sea, the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway, and along the Northern Sea Route, the main function of icebreakers is to escort convoys of one or more ships safely through ice- filled waters. When a ship becomes immobilized by ice, the icebreaker has to free it by breaking the ice surrounding the ship and, if necessary, open a safe passage through the ice field.
However, the 2012 rediscovery of the remains of the aircraft at the foot of Colony Glacier, where it enters Lake George, suggests that the actual crash location was a little further north on the Mount Gannett ice field, sufficient for the debris to be carried down the north-flowing Colony Glacier over the subsequent 60 years. Moore, who was a mountaineer and pilot as well as president of the University of Alaska, told journalists the C-124 "obviously was flying at full speed" and appeared to have slid down the cliffs of Mount Gannett and exploded. Wreckage was spread across several acres of the glacier. Moore surmised that the pilot had narrowly missed other Chugach Range peaks during his approach.
USRC Bear In 1897, eight whaling ships were trapped in an Arctic ice field surrounding Point Barrow, the northernmost point of Alaska. Trapped by ice, the harsh environment, and a dwindling food supply, the whalers had little chance of surviving. 0n November 29, 1897, the Bear, commanded by Captain Francis Tuttle, sailed from Port Townsend, Washington.McKinley, "To the Senate and House of Representatives, Messages and Papers of William McKinley", V.2 It was too late in the year for the cutter to push through the ice, so it was decided the party must go overland, enlisting the help of natives, stopping by a reindeer station to purchase a herd of reindeer. The overland trek left from Cape Vancouver, Alaska on December 16, 1897.
Salmon has applied for discretionary relief called deferred action, in which ICE deprioritizes the enforcement of immigration laws effectively allowing them to stay in this country indefinitely until ICE enforces the deportation order. Since Thanksgiving, 2008, Salmon’s supporters have been collecting petitions and letters of support from college students, community members, school children, religious leaders and elected officials. More than 800 people have signed petitions pledging their support of Mr. Salmon’s family, and dozens of letters have been sent to ICE Field Director Chris Shanahan, including a letter from Congressman Edolphus Towns. Organisations including Families for Freedom and the New Sanctuary Movement are working to keep Salmon with his family in the US, along with other families in similar situations.
Occurrence of blue-ice areas (dark blue) in Antarctica Blue-ice areas have been identified only in Antarctica although similar ice patches on Greenland have been reported and blue ice is widespread at glaciers worldwide. Blue-ice areas make up only about 1% of the Antarctic surface ice; however, they are locally common and scattered across the continent, especially in coastal or mountainous areas, but not directly beside the coastline. They have been found in Dronning Maud Land, the catchment of the Lambert Glacier, the Transantarctic Mountains and Victoria Land. Individual locations in Antarctica include areas of the Allan Hills, the Queen Fabiola Mountains (the Yamato ice field there covers an area of and is the largest such structure), Scharffenberg-Botnen and the Sør Rondane Mountains.
Stanley Lord, who had commanded Californian since 27 March 1911, was her captain when she left the Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool, England on 5 April 1912 on her way to Boston, Massachusetts. She was not carrying any passengers on this voyage. On Sunday 14 April at 18:30 ship's time, Californian only wireless operator, Cyril Furmstone Evans (born 1892 in Croydon, Surrey, United Kingdom), signalled to the Antillian that three large icebergs were five miles to the south. Titanic wireless operator Harold Bride also received the warning and delivered it to the ship's bridge a few minutes later. Californian encountered a large ice field at 22:20 ship's time, and Captain Lord decided to stop the ship and wait until morning before proceeding further.
In Superman and its sequels (except for Superman III, in which it did not appear), the Fortress is created by a crystal that Jor-El enclosed in Kal-El's spaceship. The crystal leads teenage Clark Kent to an ice field where it is "planted" by Clark, after which it melts into the ice and grows into a huge crystalline building, similar to the crystalline architecture shown on Krypton at the beginning of the film. This fortress was also used to start Kal-El's 12-year training to become Superman. This Fortress contains numerous "memory crystals" that can be used to access Jor-El's artificial intelligence and hologram, interactive holographic recordings of Lara, and other Kryptonians, and a chamber that uses red sun radiation to strip Kryptonians of their super powers.
The up-to--thick sediments that have been deposited on top of the Yakutat plate became imbricated and deformed as they were scraped off and compose today the southern (coastal) flanks of the St. Elias Mountains. In contrast the high elevated regions of the drainage divide (Bagley Icefield, Seward Glacier) and north of it are composed of rocks that are part of the North American plate. The highest peaks of the St. Elias Mountains are located in the high ice field region of the Kluane National Park (Mount Logan, Mount Vancouver) and north of the Malaspina Glacier (Mount Saint Elias, Mount Cook), in the region known as the St. Elias syntaxis. At the syntaxis region the tectonic style changes from strike-slip motion along the Fairweather Fault to collision west of Malaspina Strait.
The first systematic study of snow and firn layers was by Ernst Sorge, who was part of the Alfred Wegener Expedition to central Greenland in 1930–1931. Sorge dug a 15 m pit to examine the snow layers, and his results were later formalized into Sorge's Law of Densification by Henri Bader, who went on to do additional coring work in northwest Greenland in 1933., pp. 5–6. In the early 1950s, a SIPRE expedition took pit samples over much of the Greenland ice sheet, obtaining early oxygen isotope ratio data. Three other expeditions in the 1950s began ice coring work: a joint Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE), in Queen Maud Land in Antarctica; the Juneau Ice Field Research Project (JIRP), in Alaska; and Expéditions Polaires Françaises, in central Greenland.
210 In the same year, however, the north face was finally climbed on July 24 by Andreas Heckmair, Ludwig Vörg, Heinrich Harrer and Fritz Kasparek, a German–Austrian group. The group had originally consisted of two independent teams; Harrer and Kasparek were joined on the face by Heckmair and Vörg, who had started their ascent a day later and had been helped by the fixed rope that the lead group had left across the Hinterstoisser Traverse. The two groups, led by the experienced Heckmair, cooperated on the more difficult later pitches, and finished the climb roped together as a single group of four. A portion of the upper face is called "The White Spider", as snow-filled cracks radiating from an ice-field resemble the legs of a spider.
Coming out of the Muir inlet and entering and cruising toward the north along the main Bay, on the west shore are the Gelkie Inlet, Reid Glacier and Lamplugh Glacier fed by Brady Ice field and Brady Glacier, followed by Johns Hopkins Glacier, Margerie Glacier and the Great Pacific Glacier at the head of the Bay. The east shore line has the Queen Inlet with its Carroll Glacier, and the Rendu Inlet with its Rendu Glacier. The Fairweather Range of hills which feeds the Johns Hopkins and Margerie Glaciers form the western boundary of the Glacier Bay and the highest mountains seen here are the Mt. Fairweather (), Mt. Quincy Adams (), Mt. Salisbury (), Mt. Crillon (), Mt. Bertha (), Mt. Abbe () and Mt. Cooper (). The major island, opposite to the Johns Hopkins Inlet, is the Russel Island in the midst of the main channel.
"Temporal coadjutor" is an old- fashioned Latinate term for a Jesuit brother. According to Decree 7 (The Jesuit Brother), paragraph 12, of the 34th General Congregation of the Society of Jesus (1995), "the term 'temporal coadjutor' is no longer in common use among us" and therefore, "in our official and other texts, only the term 'brother' or 'Jesuit brother' should be used." The "accidental sinking" was arranged by having Smith's "Jesuit master", Father Francis Browne, board the Titanic and order Smith to run his ship at full speed through an ice field on a moonless night, ignoring any ice warnings including those from the lookouts, with the purpose of hitting an iceberg severely enough to cause the ship to founder and the three businessmen to drown. In other words, the Titanic was built and then sunk, and her crew and passengers sacrificed, to eliminate three men.
Gutiérrez Lake on photo by Alberto Maria de Agostini De Agostini lived as a missionary in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia, between Chile and Argentina, where he was the first person to reach several mountain peaks, glaciers and sea sounds; and discovered others, some named after him. In January–February 1931 he, Egidio Feruglio, and the alpine mountain guides Croux and Bron, were the first to fully cross the Southern Patagonian Ice Field; they did it from Lago Viedma (Argentina) to the vicinity of Patagonian channels of the Pacific Ocean (Chile), and back. He also sustained a long and deep relationship with the native people of Tierra de Fuego. In addition he has left behind 22 books and written works in Italian, German and Spanish; a precious collection of several hundred photographs; and a documentary film; all of them on Patagonia and Tierra de Fuego and the Fuegian tribes.
Dickson Lake is a glacier lake in southern Patagonia located in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, which since 1998 has been transformed into an international lake as it is crossed by the international boundary between Argentina and Chile due to the retreat of the Dickson glacier. Until that year, Dickson Lake was entirely within Chilean territory, at the northern end of the Torres del Paine National Park in the Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region, but it was unified with a lake that began to form in the 1980s by defrosting the melting of the Dickson, Cubo (or Cincuentenario) and Frías (or Grande) glaciers. That lake was on the Argentine side when the Agreement was signed to specify the route of the limit from Mount Fitz Roy to the Daudet Hill of 1998, in a sector adjacent to the Los Glaciares National Park, but without being part of it. The lake is fed by the glacier that shares its name and is drained by the Paine River.
Some Argentine political publicists argue that Articles 2 and 3 of the treaty were ambiguous,See El carácter ambiguo del texto del tratado de 1881 but they have to admit the truth that the later Argentine interpretations were refused by the international tribunal, that Argentine maps of the first decade also applied the Chilean interpretation and the two papal proposals as well as the treaty of 1984 maintained the Chilean interpretation of the treaty, at least in so far as the land border line. There could be other reasons for the Argentine difficulties over the interpretation. Michael Morris observes about the Argentine policy: : Rearguard Argentine efforts has been made to gain recognition for some kind of shared management regime for the Strait [of Magellan], in order to mitigate what was perceived as the striking diplomatic defeat for Argentina in the 1881 treaty granting Chile control over the strait.See "The Strait of Magellan", Michael Morris, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, , pages 120 and 121 The Southern Patagonian Ice Field is the last still pending issue to apply the 1881 Boundary Treaty.
The technical requirements were outlined in a tender specification published by the Finnish Transport Agency on 11 February 2013. According to the specification, the new icebreaker would have to be at least equivalent to the most powerful Finnish icebreakers in service at the time — the 16.2-megawatt quad-screw Urho-class icebreakers — in terms of icebreaking capability. Optimized for escort icebreaker operations in the northern Baltic Sea, the vessel would have to be powerful enough to operate without becoming immobilized in all prevailing ice conditions, including compressive pressure ridge fields, and maintain an average escort speed of through the winter. The bollard pull and propulsion power would have to be sufficient to allow continuous operation in level ice with a thickness of and snow cover as well as make the vessel capable of opening a channel through uniform ice field at a speed of . The specification also called for excellent maneuverability, demonstrated by the ability to turn 180 degrees in 3 minutes within two ship's lengths in the aforementioned ice conditions.
However, Griesgletscher has been rapidly retreating over the last decade – a retreat that has been monitored through extensive geological and glaciological research. The glacier, despite its size, is one of the most interesting and most widely studied in the Swiss Alps and during the last Ice Age was the source of a large tributary glacier that once fed into the main glacier that once flowed down the valley known today as Goms The glacier has a very well developed supra glacial and sub glacial drainage system, which becomes very evident during the summer months and before the recent rapid glacial retreat the glacier terminated in the man-made dam, with high ice cliffs. Surface features include glacial moraines as the glacier releases debris that has been eroded and then entrained by the glacier. The profile of the glacier is a very convex terminus, which progresses into a very gentle concave mid profile with very crevassed ice field near to the upper accumulation zone - an area which is highly dangerous and difficult to traverse.
A continuous ice cap covering approximately down to an elevation of covered Kilimanjaro during the Last Glacial Maximum in the Pleistocene epoch (the Main glacial episode), extending across the summits of Kibo and Mawenzi. Because of the exceptionally prolonged dry conditions during the subsequent Younger Dryas stadial, the ice fields on Kilimanjaro may have become extinct around 11,500 years BP. Ice cores taken from Kilimanjaro's Northern Ice Field (NIF) indicates that the glaciers there have a basal age of about 11,700 years, although an analysis of ice taken in 2011 from exposed vertical cliffs in the NIF supports an age extending only to 800 years BP. Higher precipitation rates at the beginning of the Holocene epoch (11,500 years BP) allowed the ice cap to reform. The glaciers survived a widespread drought during a three century period beginning around 4,000 years BP. Vertical margin wall of the Rebmann Glacier in 2005 with Mount Meru in the background. In the late 1880s, the summit of Kibo was completely covered by an ice cap about in extent with outlet glaciers cascading down the western and southern slopes, and except for the inner cone, the entire caldera was buried.
Zichal reviewing the location of the Arctic ice field during an Arctic Domain Awareness flight in 2009 After serving on the Obama-Biden Transition Project in its Energy and Environment Policy Working Group, she was named to be Deputy Assistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change in December 2008, to serve as deputy to Carol Browner, who was named director of the White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy (as such, Browner's position was also informally referred to as the "Climate Czar" or "Energy Czar"). Zichal took office in January 2009. She was part of the administration response to the 2010 BP oil spill and supervised later modifications of safety standards for offshore oil and natural gas extraction. Zichal participating in an online question-and- answer session during 2010 When Browner left the White House in March 2011, Zichal took over the general responsibilities of coordinating the administration's energy and climate policy, now operating from within the U.S. Domestic Policy Council (the "czar" position itself having been reorganized away by the White House and its funding subsequently abolished by Congress in the mid-April 2011 federal spending agreement that averted a possible government shutdown).
He deftly defended his employer, the White Star Line, despite hints of excessive speed, a lack of binoculars in the crow's nest, and the plain recklessness of travelling through an ice field on a calm night when all other ships in the vicinity thought it wiser to heave to until morning. Later, however, in a recounting he gave of the night's events on a 1936 BBC I Was There programme, he reversed his defences. Lightoller was also able to help channel public outcry over the incident into positive change, as many of his recommendations for avoiding such accidents in the future were adopted by maritime nations. Basing lifeboat capacity on the number of passengers and crew instead of ship tonnage, conducting lifeboat drills so passengers know where their lifeboats are and crew know how to operate them, instituting manned 24-hour wireless (radio) communications on all passenger ships, and requiring mandatory transmissions of ice warnings to ships, were some of his recommendations at the inquiries which were acted on by the Board of Trade, its successor agencies, and their equivalents in other maritime nations.

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