Tick. Climate researchers drilling cores deep into the Antarctic icecap?
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Global warming, air and water pollution, icecap melting, ozone layer holes.
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PENGUINS ON A melting icecap must choose between budging up tighter and taking the plunge.
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Summers are getting longer in Greenland and its icecap is retreating at an accelerated pace.
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Thirteen months later, she made history as the youngest woman to ski unassisted across the Greenland icecap.
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Art Review To hazards like icecap cracks, nuclear leaks and rising seas, add another environmental threat: language fallout.
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In the Panjshir flood, an icecap melted, reportedly triggering a small landslide, which then in turn caused a glacial flood.
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The Amazon does not belong to just Brazil, just as the Arctic's icecap does not belong to the United States.
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Rising earth surface temperature, warmer Southeast and Midwest, Greenland icecap disappearance and sea water rise, more hurricanes; data suggest the forecasts were wrong.
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With such a low winter icepack, scientists will be watching what happens when the Arctic icecap shrinks heading into the summer, Mann said.
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The flow of water is already declining as the glacier vanishes, and scientists estimate that by 2050 much of the icecap will be gone.
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Several times a year, he and other scientists would make brutal hikes into the glacial valleys, where they found entire sections of the icecap gone.
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If you look to the south of Bangladesh, the Horn of Africa, the North Pole icecap and other areas, such warning signals were there already for decades.
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The retreat of the icecap has exposed tracts of heavy metals, like lead and cadmium, that were locked under the glaciers for thousands of years, scientists say.
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The two nations signed an international agreement banning fishing in the Central Arctic Ocean until researchers have a clearer picture of what lies beneath the ever-shrinking icecap.
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But the icecap of the Cordillera Blanca, long a supply of water for the Chavimochic irrigation project, has shrunk by 40 percent since 1970 and is retreating at an ever-faster rate.
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It might sound like a perfect development plan, except for one catch: The reason so much water flows through this desert is that an icecap high up in the mountains is melting away.
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"Whether a Soldier is without mail service in the mountains of Afghanistan, or a Sailor is in a submarine under the polar icecap, they deserve the opportunity to participate easily in our democracy," said West Virginia Secretary of State Mac Warner, a Republican.
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To the Editor: Re "Wildlife Facing Extinction All Over Globe" (front page, May 7): Even as the popular image of climate change is an emaciated polar bear on a diminishing icecap, protecting the environment isn't just about conserving nature for nature's sake.
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Temperatures on the icecap summit of the icecap dropped to at night. From then on the downward slope made travelling easier.
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Kvitøyjøkulen is a large icecap on the island of Kvitøya in the Svalbard archipelago. The icecap covers most of the island, which has an area between 600 and 700 square kilometers.
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Indeed, in or before 2017, the West Northwall Firn had completely disappeared and the eastern Firn had broken up in three small patches . The East Northwall Firn glaciers are remnants of an icecap that in 1850 measured about and had developed approximately 5,000 years ago. At least one previous icecap also existed in the region between 15,000 and 7,000 years ago.
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In 1992, Liv took part in a team which became the first all-woman team to make an unsupported crossing of the Greenland icecap.
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At least one previous icecap also existed in the region between 15,000 and 7,000 years ago, when it also apparently melted away and disappeared.
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Kathryn Hansen, Glaciers in the Tropics, but Not for Long, at NASA Earth Observatory, February 13, 2018 The West Northwall Firn was a remnant glacier of an icecap that in 1850 measured about and had developed approximately 5,000 years ago. At least one previous icecap also existed in the region between 15,000 and 7,000 years ago, when it also apparently melted away and disappeared.
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This equipment expanded the explorable regions in the Beaufort Sea. Drillships, however, had their limitations for Beaufort work. Icebreakers and other forms of ice management could generally conquer the difficulties of the melting icecap in the summer. But after freeze-up began, the growing icecap would push the drill ship off location if it did not use icebreakers to keep the ice under control.
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A 1988 glacier inventory based upon data from 1970 estimated, that at that time glaciers covered an area of . Between 2000 and 2016, 29 % of the glacierized area was lost, the remaining area estimated at around . The Quelccaya Ice Cap is the second largest tropical icecap in the world after the Coropuna ice cap, and all of the outlet glaciers from the icecap are retreating.
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The study also reported a mid-icecap (1400 m depth) ash layer about 8,000 years old that was interpreted as probably originating at nearby Mount Waesche.
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He received a shore assignment to Coast Guard Air Station Salem, from October 1939 to June 1941. He was then assigned to Northland as a radioman for its float plane. Bottoms and his pilot Pritchard succeeded in landing on Greenland's icecap, on November 22, 1942, rescuing the three surviving crew members of an RCAF plane. This was the first time a Coast Guard aircraft had landed on the icecap.
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The Stikine Icecap (sometimes referred to as the Stikine Icefield) is a large icefield straddled on the Alaska-British Columbia boundary in the Alaska Panhandle region. It lies in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains. Within the United States, most of it is under the administration of the Tongass National Forest and is part of the Stikine-LeConte Wilderness within the national forest.Tongass National Forest webpage on the Stikine Icecap An extremely large icefield, the icecap is a primary source for both the Taku River, which forms its northern boundary, and the Taku's southern tributaries, and also the Stikine River and its lower western tributaries, notably the Chutine, which form its southern and southwestern boundary, respectively.
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Shot "Greenwater" awaits its fate in Area 19 at Pahute Mesa. "Icecap" was to be a joint US-UK test event.US Department of Energy. Nevada Operations Office. Library. Factsheets.
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The Pemberton Icefield or Pemberton Icecap, is the southernmost of the series of very large icefields studding the Pacific Ranges of the southern Coast Mountains in British Columbia, Canada.
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The Penny Ice Cap, formerly Penny Icecap,Penny Ice Cap (Formerly Penny Icecap) is a ice cap in Auyuittuq National Park of Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. It forms a high barrier on the Cumberland Peninsula, an area of deep fjords and glaciated valleys. It is a remnant of the last ice age. During the mid-1990s, Canadian researchers studied the glacier's patterns of freezing and thawing over centuries by drilling ice core samples.
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The ice- dammed lake on the northern margin occasionally produces jökulhlaups (also known as glacial lake outburst floods). The icecap is typically thick, exceeding in places. The equilibrium line altitude (ELA) is around on the eastern side of the icecap, above the Leirvatnet outlet. Satellite imagery, including that used by Google Earth, shows extensive exposed firn suggesting the ELA has retreated in recent years in common with other temperate icecaps in Norway.
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Gimlebreen is a glacier in Gustav V Land at Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. It is located north of the headland of Brageneset. Gimlebreen is a glacier stream from the large icecap Vestfonna.
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The Stikine Icecap is the parent icefield of the LeConte and Sawyer Glaciers on its US side, and the Great Glacier on its Canadian side. Also on the Canadian side and entering the lower Stikine, like the Great Glacier, are the Mud and Flood Glaciers, which form the boundaries of the small Boundary Range, which is an eastern abutment of the range comprising the Stikine Icecap and marks the approximate boundary claimed by the United States prior to the Alaska Boundary Settlement of 1903. The Stikine Icecap area is also renowned for its technically demanding and dangerous peaks and spires of granite that have garnered comparisons as North America's version of Patagonia. Peaks of particular renown include Devils Thumb, Witches Tits, Cat's Ears, and the Burkett Needle.
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The subglacial Esjufjöll volcano is located at the SE part of the Vatnajökull icecap. Esjufjöll is a strict nature reserve (IUCN category Ia)Stjórnunar- og verndaráætlun Vatnajökulsþjóðgarðs, 2. útgáfa, 2013. p. 12.
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Bragebreen is a glacier at Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. It is located at the mouth of Wahlenbergfjorden between the headlands of Brageneset and Idunneset. Bragebreen is a glacier stream from the large icecap Vestfonna.
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The central episode of the novel - the destruction of Iceland to provide heat to melt the Greenland icecap - has been translated into English at Beyond Alexanderplatz - Alfred Döblin's OTHER writings, in English.
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In 2008, along with his teammate George Bullard, Hibbert crossed the Greenland icecap twice, along a new route, in 113 days. This expedition held the record for the longest unsupported journey in any polar region, and after the 2011 expedition by Aleksander Gamme, still holds the record in the Arctic. In January 2011, he announced that he would attempt to break the speed record for crossing the Greenland icecap. The current Norwegian-held record stands at 8 days 9 hours.
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Jessica Amanda Salmonson. ©2000. Violet Books (violetbooks.com). In Jeremy Robinson's Antarktos Rising (2007), dinosaurs and Nephilim emerge as the icecap melts. Mat Johnson's Pym (2011) describes giant white hominids living in ice caves.
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"Joseph d'Aleo" on "Who We Are" page at The Heartland Institute. Retrieved 18 Oct. 2017. He was chairman of the American Meteorological Society's Committee on Weather Analysis and Forecasting. He was the founder of the "Icecap" blog.
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Kates Needle is a mountain in the Stikine Icecap region of the Alaska-British Columbia border west of the junction of the Stikine River and Porcupine River. The summit has also been known as Boundary Peak 70.
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Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, whose 1883 expedition had penetrated into the Greenland icecap The idea of an expedition across the Greenland icecap grew in Nansen's mind throughout his Bergen years. In 1887, after the submission of his doctoral thesis, he finally began organising this project. Before then, the two most significant penetrations of the Greenland interior had been those of Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld in 1883, and Robert Peary in 1886. Both had set out from Disko Bay on the western coast, and had travelled about eastward before turning back.
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Unimpeded by topographic obstructions, sand-bearing katabatic winds can be fierce enough on Skeiðarársandur to strip paint from cars. Here, sand is blown in the air in front of the peak Lómagnúpur. One of the sandurs from which the general name is derived is Skeiðarársandur, a broad sandy wasteland along Iceland's south-eastern coast, between the Vatnajökull icecap and the sea. Volcanic eruptions under the icecap have given rise to many large glacial bursts (jökulhlaups in Icelandic), most recently in 1996, when the Ring Road was washed away (minor floods have also occurred since then).
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Major landforms in the land district include the Pemberton Icecap and the Lillooet Icecap. Municipalities within the land district are Pemberton, Lillooet, 100 Mile House and Clinton. Other communities include D'Arcy, Shalalth, Seton Portage, Fountain, Pavilion, Gold Bridge, Bralorne, Jesmond, and 70 Mile House. To the south, the Lillooet Land District borders with the New Westminster Land District, on the west with the Sayward Land District and Coast Land District Range 1, on the north with the Cariboo Land District, and on the east and southeast, the Kamloops Division, Yale Land District.
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Although the Greenland icecap appears, on its surface, to be hard and immobile, snow and ice are viscoelastic materials, which slowly deform over time, depending on temperature and density. Despite its seeming stability, the icecap is in constant, slow movement, spreading outward from the center. This spreading movement, over the course of a year, causes tunnels and trenches to narrow, as their walls deform and bulge, eventually leading to a collapse of the ceiling. By mid-1962 the ceiling of the reactor room within Camp Century had dropped and had to be lifted .
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Devils Thumb is part of a group of striking, difficult rock peaks on the western edge of the Stikine Icecap. The Stikine Icecap occupies the crest of the Boundary Ranges, a subrange of the Coast Mountains spanning the Canada–United States border, north of the mouth of the Stikine River. Other peaks in the area include the Witches Tits and Cat's Ears Spires (part of the western ridge of the Devils Thumb massif itself), and Mount Burkett and Burkett Needle, a pair of spires about to the northeast.
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IceCap test tower Three tests planned for 1993 have been abandoned in place, two in Yucca Flat. The Comprehensive Nuclear- Test-Ban Treaty had been strongly supported by the UN General Assembly in 1991, and negotiations began in earnest in 1993. The United States, on October 3, 1992, suspended all nuclear weapons testing programs in anticipation of eventual ratification of the treaty. The partially assembled cabling, towers and equipment for shot "Icecap" in Area 1 and shot "Gabbs" in Area 2 lie amid weeds and blowing dust, waiting for a possible resumption of nuclear testing.
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Both highlands are considered in some descriptions as included in the Coast Mountains. The Alexander Archipelago lies offshore and is entirely within Alaska. The Boundary Ranges include several large icefields, including the Juneau Icefield, between the Alaskan city of the same name and Atlin Lake in B.C.; and the Stikine Icecap, which lies between the lower Stikine River and the Whiting River. Some of the highest mountains in the Boundary Ranges are: Mount Ratz, ; Chutine Peak, ; and Devils Thumb, , all in the Stikine Icecap region; and Devils Paw, , in the Juneau Icefield.
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Mount Lao consists of granite. The mountain's landforms were formed due to the action of glaciers during the Quaternary and erosion by meltwater released from the icecap that covered a large portion of Shandong during the late Pleistocene.
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White Crown Mountain is a mountain in the Princess Margaret Range on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada. It is located on the southwestern edge of the Muller Icecap and is surrounded by glaciers.White Crown Mountain in the Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia.
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They are a 501(c) tax-exempt, nonprofit corporation. Aside from D'Aleo, the blog features the writings of Robert C. Balling, Jr., Sallie Baliunas, Robert M. Carter, and others. In attributing recent climate change, ICECAP states that the effect of water vapor is much more significant than carbon dioxide; water vapor is a greenhouse gas, but has an expected lifetime of only ten days and makes less significant contributions to radiative forcing. On their FAQs and Myths page, ICECAP argues that limiting or reducing CO2 emissions could lead to mass extinctions, while continuing to increase emissions will protect plants and animals.
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Meteorological data was gathered at both the base camp and a satellite base, Icecap Station, a purpose-built post atop the Greenland ice cap, above sea level and west of the expedition's base camp. An expedition member, Augustine Courtauld, volunteered to serve as a solo observer for a five-month tour of duty here during the height of the 1930–1931 winter. Watkins and other expedition members relieved him on 5 May 1931, just as Courtauld's food and fuel were running out. Courtauld's observations included some of the first extended data sets ever gathered from the Greenland icecap interior during a polar winter.
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Augustine Courtauld (26 August 1904 – 3 March 1959), often called August Courtauld, was a yachtsman and British Arctic explorer, best known for serving as the solo meteorologist of a winter observation post, Icecap Station, located in the interior of Greenland in 1930–1931.
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Puncak Jaya glaciers in 1972. Left to right: West Northwall Firn, East Northwall Firn, Meren Glacier (now disappeared), and Carstensz Glacier. See also animation. The remaining remnant glaciers on Punkak Jaya were once part of an icecap that developed approximately 5,000 years ago.
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Those operations included a North Atlantic deployment in 1985 and a deployment to the polar icecap in 1986, where she met up with USS Hawkbill (SSN-666) and USS Ray (SSN-653) to join in the first tri-submarine surfacing at the North Pole.
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These are temperate climates that opposite to the subtropicals are on the poleward edge of the temperate zone, therefore still have four marked seasons including a warmer one, but are far more influenced by the poles than any other but the very polar climates (Tundra and Icecap).
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Three outlet glaciers extend from the icecap. A small outlet spills over a subglacial ridge to the north damming an unnamed lake resulting in occasion outburst floods. To the east a large outlet extends towards the lake, Leirvatnet. A further outlet descends steeply to the west.
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However, he began to develop the idea that the Greenland icecap might be explored, or even crossed. On 17 July the ship broke free from the ice, and early in August was back in Norwegian waters.Huntford, pp. 21–27 Nansen did not resume formal studies at the university.
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Outlook Peak is a mountain in Qikiqtaaluk, Nunavut, Canada, located on the southwestern edge of the Muller Icecap. It is the highest mountain of the Princess Margaret Range at 2,210 m (7,251 ft), and the highest on Axel Heiberg Island, as well as the fourth highest in Nunavut.
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Subglacial volcanoes develop underneath icecaps. They are made up of flat lava which flows at the top of extensive pillow lavas and palagonite. When the icecap melts, the lava on top collapses, leaving a flat-topped mountain. These volcanoes are also called table mountains, tuyas, or (uncommonly) mobergs.
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The related ironstone beds contain low grade oolitic siderite and chamosite ores which were worked commercially in the early 20th century. Remaining reserves are estimated at 10 million tonnes. The seas to the east and west are very deep, large troughs having been created by the Skye icecap in the Pleistocene.
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Borup Fiord is located on Ellesmere Island, Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut Canada. The mouth of the fiord opens into Greely Fiord. To the west is Oobloyah Bay and to the north is the Neil Peninsula and the Neil Icecap. The eastern arm, known as Esayoo Bay leads to Borup Fiord Pass.
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Inclusion Hill () is a prominent steeply conical hill, high, between McDonald Beach and the Mount Bird icecap on Ross Island, Antarctica. It is a trachyte plug, in parts containing numerous inclusions of basalt. The hill was explored and descriptively named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1958–59.
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The island is long and across. It rises steeply to elevations of up to 250 m from a rocky coastline with raised pebble beaches. It has volcanic origins, with about half the land surface covered by a permanent, crevassed icecap. Ice-free areas have a sparse vegetation of mosses and lichens.
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London (pbk); (hbk). before reaching the lush grazing grounds around Shahidullah or Xaidulla in the upper valley of the Karakash River. The pass is in a saddle between two mountains and about wide. There is no vegetation or icecap and it is generally free of snow due to the winds.
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"B-29s Set Speed, Altitude, Distance Records." b-29s-over-korea.com. Retrieved: 21 October 2010. Almost a year later, in October 1946, the same B-29 flew 9,422 miles nonstop from Oahu, Hawaii, to Cairo, Egypt, in less than 40 hours, demonstrating the possibility of routing airlines over the polar icecap.
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Area 7 held 92 nuclear tests. During Operation Buster, four successful tests were conducted via airdrop, with bomber aircraft releasing nuclear weapons over Area 7\. It is also the site of Matthew Reilly's book called Area 7\. Shot "Icecap" planned for 1993 was abandoned in Area 7 following 1992's testing moratorium.
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Ostrov Braysa' (Остров Брайса), Brice Island lies south of Bromwich Island. There is an icecap in the middle of the island but large swathes of land are unglacierized in the north and southwest. Maximum height . This island was named after Arthur Montefiore Brice, the secretary of the 1894-1897 Jackson-Harmsworth Arctic Expedition.
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The ice flows generally to the coast from the centre of the island. A survey led by French scientist Paul-Emile Victor in 1951 concluded that, under the ice sheet, Greenland is composed of three large islands."Find Greenland Icecap Bridges Three Islands ", Ellensburg Daily Record, 24 October 1951, p. 6. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
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Løvenskioldfonna is an icecap in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glaciated area is about ten kilometers long and six kilometer wide, and is located north of St. Jonsfjorden, reaching an altitude of above 500 m. It is named after land owner Carl Otto Løvenskiold. The glacier of Dahlbreen extends from Løvenskioldfonna to Forlandsundet.
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Twelve million years ago, the Durance flowed directly into the Mediterranean.Jean-Paul Clébert and Jean- Pierre Rouyer, "La Durance", Privat, Toulouse, 1991, in the collection Rivers and valleys of France, , p.11. During the Riss glaciation, the source of the Durance was at Sisteron, where the icecap finished.Clébert & Rouyer, "La Durance", pp.11-12.
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Mars, 2001, with the southern polar ice cap visible on the bottom. North Polar region with icecap. Given that it is a planet, the geography of Mars varies considerably. However, the dichotomy of Martian topography is striking: northern plains flattened by lava flows contrast with the southern highlands, pitted and cratered by ancient impacts.
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Mount Bird is a high shield volcano standing about south of Cape Bird, the northern extremity of Ross Island. It was mapped by the British National Antarctic Expedition, 1901–04, under Robert Falcon Scott, and apparently named by them after Cape Bird. Endeavour Piedmont Glacier lies on its slopes. There are several western lobes of the Mount Bird icecap.
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Puncak Jaya icecap 1936 Puncak Jaya icecap 1972 While Puncak Jaya's peak is free of ice, there are several glaciers on its slopes, including the Carstensz Glacier, West Northwall Firn, East Northwall Firn and the recently vanished Meren Glacier in the Meren Valley (meren is Dutch for "lakes"). Being equatorial, there is little variation in the mean temperature during the year (around ) and the glaciers fluctuate on a seasonal basis only slightly. However, analysis of the extent of these rare equatorial glaciers from historical records show significant retreat since the 1850s, around the time of the Little Ice Age Maximum which primarily affected the Northern Hemisphere, indicating a regional warming of around per century between 1850 and 1972. The glacier on Puncak Trikora in the Maoke Mountains disappeared completely some time between 1939 and 1962.
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Most of the volcano, including the 40 km2 caldera, is covered by the icecap. On the other hand are parts of the SE flank exposed in NW-SE-trending ridges. Most of the exposed rocks are mildly alkaline basalts, but one may also find small amounts of rhyolitic rocks. In the beginning of September 1927, a jökulhlaup came down the Jökulsá á Breiðamerkursandi.
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The mountain originally was formed by volcanic ashfall from one of the eruptions of the Yellowstone hotspot. The peak is also partially a glacial moraine formed by a receding glacier that came south out of the Yellowstone icecap.'Creation of the Teton Landscape' by David D. Love & John C. Reed This same glacier also created neighboring Jackson Lake. View from the summit.
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Keyhole Island is a small rocky island lying southeast of the Terra Firma Islands in the southwest part of Mikkelsen Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was first surveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, who applied this name because of the presence of an ice arch formed by the icecap on this island.
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Latham Peak () is an Antarctic peak projecting through the icecap southeast of Cape Ann and northwest of Mount Marr. It was discovered in January 1930 by the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition under Mawson, who named it for Rt. Hon. Sir John Greig Latham, Minister for External Affairs in the Australian Government, 1931–34, and later Chief Justice of Australia.
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Perch (APSS-313), polar icecap, 1952–53. From August 1951 to March 1952, Perch underwent overhaul at Mare Island. From 1952 to 1954, Perch trained, making "reconnaissance-runs" and "raids" on several Alaskan and Hawaiian islands. In January 1955 Perch made a cruise to WestPac conducting a "reconnaissance and raid" on Iwo Jima and observed other islands in the Bonin Chain.
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PAM is offered to healthcare organizations exclusively by Insignia Health, a company based in Portland, Oregon. There are a number of instruments measuring similar constructs, including My Health Confidence, Patient Health Engagement Scale, Stanford self-efficacy for managing chronic disease 6-item scale, ICECAP-A (the ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults), the Health Literacy Questionnaire and the Health Confidence Score.
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They eventually surface near the polar icecap. Exhausted, freezing, and nearly out of the air pills, they build a snow shelter. Draper finally succeeds in cutting off Friday's bracelets shortly before a low-orbiting meteoroid crashes into the ice cap; the resulting explosion and firestorm melts the ice and snow, saving them from freezing to death. Later, Draper detects an approaching spaceship.
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The West Northwall Firn was a glacial body on Mount Carstensz in the Sudirman Range on the island of New Guinea in Papua province, Indonesia. The glacier was situated at an elevation of approximately to , centered a little over northwest of Ngga Pulu and of Puncak Jaya (Carstensz Pyramid), the highest peak of Oceania. Puncak Jaya region icecap in 1936.Puncak Jaya glaciers in 1972.
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BBC News - Huge Arctic ice break discovered The Barnes icecap is found in the central part of the Baffin Island and has been in retreat since at least the early 1960s when the Geographical Branch of the then Department of Mines & Technical Surveys sent a three-man survey team to the area to measure isostatic rebound and cross-valley features of the Isortoq River.
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Norge, though Norwegian owned, was designed and piloted by the Italian Umberto Nobile. The flight started from Svalbard and crossed the icecap to Alaska. Nobile, along with several scientists and crew from the Norge, overflew the Pole a second time on May 24, 1928 in the airship Italia. The Italia crashed on its return from the Pole, with the loss of half the crew.
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Emma Island () is an island long, with bare jagged peaks projecting through an icecap, lying east of Louise Island and west of Nansen Island in the southwestern half of the entrance to Wilhelmina Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Lieutenant Adrien de Gerlache, and named after his mother, Emma de Gerlache de Gomery.
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Mandala is one of the three high massifs of Western New Guinea, together with the Carstensz and Trikora complexes. This peak used to have an ice cap, but it was last seen in 1989 and by 2003 it was totally gone. Based on the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data, this peak is likely higher than Puncak Trikora, which lost its icecap in about 1960.
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A piteraq is a cold katabatic wind which originates on the Greenlandic icecap and sweeps down the east coast. The word "piteraq" means "that which attacks you" in the local language.Danish Meteorological Institute, The Observed Climate of Greenland, 1958–99, p. 96 Piteraqs are most common in the autumn and winter. Wind speeds typically reach 50 to 80 m/s (180–288 km/h; 111–178 mph).
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Edward Teller explained that carbon dioxide "in the atmosphere causes a greenhouse effect" and that burning more fossil fuels could "melt the icecap and submerge New York".Benjamin Franta, "On its 100th birthday in 1959, Edward Teller warned the oil industry about global warming", The Guardian, 1 January 2018 (page visited on 2 January 2018). In 1969, the API decided to move its offices to Washington, DC.
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The army was looking into ways to build installation foundations on the ice, and Boudette's background in rock drilling for dam installations made him an ideal candidate for test drilling in the icecap. Though they encountered a multitude of problems with the drills not withstanding the polar conditions, Boudette and his team successfully tested the drilling procedures for a base that would later become Camp Century.
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Cape Mousse () is a small rocky cape, fringed by many small islands and backed by moraine close to the south, protruding through the coastal icecap southwest of Cape Decouverte. Photographed from the air by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47. Charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1949–51, and so named by them because several patches of lichens were found on the exposed rocky surfaces. "Mousse" is French for moss.
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Skis were used in military exercises in 1747. In 1799 French traveller Jacques de la Tocnaye recorded his visit to Norway in his travel diary: Norwegian immigrants used skis ("Norwegian snowshoes") in the US midwest from around 1836. Norwegian immigrant "Snowshoe Thompson" transported mail by skiing across the Sierra Nevada between California and Nevada from 1856. In 1888 Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen and his team crossed the Greenland icecap on skis.
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Researchers have found evidence by using computer hydrological models to show that this strengthened the Gulf Stream by diverting more warm currents towards Europe. Warm waters at high latitudes led to an increased evaporation and eventually atmospheric moisture. Increased evaporation and atmospheric moisture resulted in increased precipitation. Evidence of increased precipitation is the development of snow and ice that covers Greenland, which led to an accumulation of the icecap.
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"Find Greenland Icecap Bridges Three Islands", Ellensburg Daily Record, Oct 24, 1951, p6, accessed 2012-05-13 In 1952 he was awarded the Patron's Gold Medal by the Royal Geographical Society of London for the work. Mount Victor, in the Belgica Mountains of Antarctica, is named for him. His son, Jean-Christophe Victor, stars in the weekly geopolitical show Le dessous des cartes on Arte until december 2016.
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It publishes the Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis twice a year. It is also a member of the International Federation of Daseinsanalysis, which stimulates international exchange between representatives of the approach from around the world. An International Society for Existential Therapists also exists. It was founded in 2006 by Emmy van Deurzen and Digby Tantam and is called the International Community of Existential Counsellors and Therapists (ICECAP).
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He served as a member of the Parliament of Norway (Storting) from 1889 to 1897 representing Akershus for the Conservative Party. Løvenskiold was nominated as a Knight in the Order of St. Olav in 1889, Knight 1st Class in 1899 and Commander in 1912. He also was a recipient of the Order of Vasa. The Spitsbergen icecap Løvenskioldfonna and the mountain ridge Carlsfjella were named in his honor.
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Pelseneer Island is an island long and wide, with three prominent rocky peaks projecting through its icecap, lying northeast of O'Neal Point and west of Brooklyn Island in the south-central portion of Wilhelmina Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land. Discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, and named by Gerlache for P. Pelseneer, member of the Belgica Commission and writer of some of the zoological reports of the expedition.
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Cape Gray is a rocky cape which forms the east side of the entrance to Commonwealth Bay, part of the George V Coast of Antarctica. The cape is actually a small rocky island which is joined to the icecap of the mainland by an ice ramp. It was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, who named it for Percival Gray, second officer on the expedition ship Aurora.
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Buxer contributed to the soundtrack for the 1994 Sega Genesis video game Sonic the Hedgehog 3. The theme of the game's IceCap Zone stage is an instrumental version of the then-unreleased 1981 song "Hard Times" by The Jetzons, of which Buxer was a member. Carnival Night Zone's background music incorporates elements of Jackson's 1991 song "Jam", while the game's ending theme was used as a base for Jackson's 1995 single "Stranger in Moscow".
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In 1983, while operating under the Arctic Ocean icecap at the depth of , K-279 struck an iceberg. The submarine rolled about 20 degrees and lost depth control, diving to before recovering. The submarine continued her mission for another two months before returning to port, despite the significant damage she had suffered. The Soviet Navy published an advisory to submarine captains warning that the bottoms of icebergs can extend to depths of or more.
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The Whiting River is a stream, about long, in the U.S. state of Alaska and the Canadian province of British Columbia. It enters the waters of Stephens Passage at the Borough of Juneau in the Alaska Panhandle between the mouths of the Taku and Stikine Rivers. The main tributary of the Whiting is the South Whiting. The river's basin is at the northern end of the Stikine Icecap The river crosses the international boundary at .
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The East Northwall Firn was a glacier on Mount Carstensz in the Sudirman Range on the island of New Guinea in Papua province, Indonesia. Situated at an elevation of approximately NNW of Puncak Jaya, the highest summit in Oceania. It broke up in three patches in or before 2017.Kathryn Hansen, Glaciers in the Tropics, but Not for Long, at NASA Earth Observatory, February 13, 2018 Puncak Jaya region icecap in 1936.
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Gravimetric and seismological surveys were made, and radio wave propagation was also studied from their station codenamed "North Ice". It also provided information useful to the Armed Forces about operating in Arctic environments, and the majority of the team were serving members. Travel over the icecap was either on foot, by dog sled, or by M29 Weasel tracked vehicles. Expedition members also made pioneering ascents in the Barth Mountains and Queen Louise Land.
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A certified consulting meteorologist, he has co-chaired national conferences for both the American Meteorological Society and the National Weather Association. D'Aleo is currently co-chief meteorologist at Weatherbell.com. He is also Executive Director of the International Climate and Environmental Change Assessment Project (ICECAP), an organization and website that bring together climate scientists to examine climate change. He is listed as a policy expert at the Heartland Institute and as a partner in Hudson Seven Ltd.
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The climate is arctic to subarctic, with cool summers and cold winters. The terrain is mostly a flat but gradually sloping icecap that covers all land except for a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast. The lowest elevation is sea level and the highest elevation is the summit of Gunnbjørn Fjeld, the highest point in the Arctic at . The northernmost point of the island of Greenland is Cape Morris Jesup, discovered by Admiral Robert Peary in 1900.
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When the icecap retreated the south of the basin was covered by the Goldthwait Sea to a maximum depth of . The sea retreated as the land rebounded from the weight of the ice, leaving deposits of sea clay in the lowlands, often now covered with ombrotrophic peat bogs. The Matamec watershed contains 31 lakes, ponds and bogs. Rivers and lakes are oriented along fracture zones, faults and breaks in the bedrock, and are usually surrounded by steep, rocky hillsides.
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Chutine Peak is one of the highest mountains in the Boundary Ranges, a group of subranges of the northern Coast Mountains of British Columbia and Alaska. Chutine Peak lies just east of the Stikine Icecap, and to the north and west of the Stikine River, and south of the basin of the Whiting River. It is notable for its huge west face: the drop to Chutine Lake is in . Due to its remoteness, however, it is rarely visited.
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R. Tambo, or the return flight QFA64, sometimes flies over the Antarctic Circle to 71° latitude as well and allowing views of the icecap. Qantas QFA27 and QFA28 fly nonstop between Sydney and Santiago de Chile, the most southerly polar route. Depending on winds, this flight may reach 55° south latitude. Until 2014, Aerolíneas Argentinas flew nonstop between Sydney and Buenos Aires Previously, QANTAS also operated QFA17 and QFA18 between Sydney, Australia and Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Devils Thumb, or Taalkhunaxhkʼu Shaa in Tlingit, is a mountain in the Stikine Icecap region of the Alaska–British Columbia border, near Petersburg. It is named for its projected thumb-like appearance. Its name in the Tlingit language means "the mountain that never flooded" and is said to have been a refuge for people during Aangalakhu ("the Great Flood"). It is one of the peaks that marks the border, and is also listed on maps as Boundary Peak 71.
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Australia oferă României o bază de cercetare în Antarctica The yearly travel and maintenance for Romania as a result of the station are estimated at about $20,000US. The station is in the Princess Elisabeth region near the Larsemann Hills of East Antarctica, 2 km from the Russian and Chinese stations. The Romanian expedition cooperates closely with the researchers of these countries, exchanging information. The region is rocky, not icy, and offers numerous access points to the Antarctic icecap.
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The "official purpose" of Camp Century, as explained by the United States Department of Defense to Danish officials in 1960, was to test various construction techniques under Arctic conditions, explore practical problems with a semi-mobile nuclear reactor, as well as supporting scientific experiments on the icecap. Construction on the camp and the sub-glacial nuclear reactor began without explicit permission from the government of Denmark, leading to a political dilemma for Prime Minister H. C. Hansen.
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In 1799 French traveller Jacques de la Tocnaye visited Norway and wrote in his travel diary: Norwegian immigrants used skis ("Norwegian snowshoes") in the US midwest from around 1836. Norwegian immigrant "Snowshoe Thompson" transported mail by skiing across the Sierra Nevada between California and Nevada from 1856. In 1888 Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen and his team crossed the Greenland icecap on skis. Norwegian workers on the Buenos Aires - Valparaiso railway line introduced skiing in South America around 1890.
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Mount Ratz is a mountain located just west of the Stikine River, about east of the British Columbia-Alaska border. It is the highest peak in the Stikine Icecap and of the Boundary Ranges which in turn form part of the Coast Mountains. It is an extremely high-prominence summit, with a difference in elevation with its "key col" at Hyland Ranch Pass of .Mount Ratz in the Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia Thus making it one of Canada's Ultra peaks.
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Muchmore Valley () is a valley 6 nautical miles (11 km) long between Haskell Ridge and Colosseum Ridge in the Darwin Mountains of Antarctica. The valley is filled by ice except at the head, where flow from the Midnight Plateau icecap is insufficient to enter the valley. The valley is named after Dr. Harold G. Muchmore of the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, field leader for a long-term project on biomedical aspects of human adaptation at the South Pole, 1970–83.
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Wegener died in Greenland in November 1930 while returning from an expedition to bring food to a group of researchers camped in the middle of an icecap. He supplied the camp successfully, but there was not enough food at the camp for him to stay there. He and a colleague, Rasmus Villumsen, took dog sleds to travel to another camp although they never reached it. Villumsen had buried the body with great care, and a pair of skis marked the grave site.
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At the age of 17, Bajaj participated in a 550 km long cross country skiing expedition, where she skied across the Greenland Icecap to raise funds for a children's home. She was the youngest in the world at the time to have completed the expedition. On May 16th, 2018 Bajaj and her father became the first Indian father-daughter duo to climb Mt. Everest. They are also the first parent-child team to have climbed Everest from the North Side (Tibet).
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Arrow Glacier is located near the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, on the west slope of the peak and is a small remnant of an icecap which once crowned the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro. The glacier is situated at an elevation of between . Arrow Glacier is adjacent to a climbing route known as the Western Breach/Arrow Glacier Route or more commonly, the Lemosho Route. Arrow Glacier is a recently named glacial remnant that may not even exist as of 2011.
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Balletto Glacier is near the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, on the southwest slope of the peak and is a small remnant of an icecap which once crowned the top of Mount Kilimanjaro. The glacier is situated at an elevation of between . Balletto Glacier is situated on the enormous rock wall known as the "Breach Wall" and is below Diamond Glacier. The two glaciers are connected by an enormous icicle which hangs down the rock face as much as .
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Mount Béchervaise () is a great massif of brown rock, 2,360 m, standing one nautical mile (1.9 km) east of Mount Lacey in the Athos Range, Prince Charles Mountains. It has a sheer north face and is bare except for an icecap on the flat summit. First visited in November 1955 by an ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) party led by John M. Béchervaise, officer in charge at Mawson Station in 1955, for whom it is named. Category:Mountains of Mac.
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Presently, Ampato is considered to be a dormant volcano. Potential hazards from future eruptions at Ampato are lahars induced by melting of the icecap and sub-Plinian eruptions, considering the history of explosive eruptions at this volcano. The Peruvian geological service has published a hazard map that describes danger areas of both Ampato and Sabancaya. Hazards mapped include both the fall of ash and the formation of lahars which can advance to distances of in the southerly valleys of Ampato.
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Monmouth Mountain, commonly known as Mount Monmouth is one of the principal summits of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains of southern British Columbia. At , it is the highest summit of the Chilcotin Ranges. It stands just north of the Lillooet Icecap between the heads of Chilko Lake and the Taseko Lakes. West of Chilko Lake's south arm is Mount Good Hope and, beyond it, the massif surrounding Mount Queen Bess , which is the highest summit east of the Homathko River.
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Brown Bluff is a cliff of volcanic rocks consisting of a tuya or moberg, which is a volcano erupted under an icecap. The base layer is breccia formed by violent phreatic eruptions under the lake formed in the ice cap by the magmatic heat. The middle yellow layers are palagonite weathering of steeply dipping ash layers. The top caprock is composed of black layers are basalt flows that erupted after the meltwater lake drained away, resulting in subaerial lava flows.
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Knuth was born in Klampenborg, near Copenhagen in Denmark. His parents were count Eigil Knuth sr, a captain, and Dijmphna (née Gamel). His hero was the Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen who, in 1888, was the first to cross the Greenland ice cap; the trip was financed by State Councillor Augustinus Gamel, a Danish businessman, and Knuth's maternal grandfather. Gamel's birth gift to his grandson was a present Gamel had received from Nansen: the compass Nansen carried on his Greenland icecap expedition.
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On November 13, 1985, the Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupted. At 9:09 pm of that night, pyroclastic flows exploding from the crater melted the mountain's icecap, forming lahars (volcanic mudflows and debris flows) which cascaded into river valleys below. One lahar, consisting of three pulses, did most of the damage. Traveling at per second (~13.5 miles per hour), the first pulse enveloped most of the town of Armero, killing up to 20,000 people; the two later pulses weakened buildings.
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D'Aleo started a blog called "Icecap" that aligns with his views, namely while accepting the reality of global warming and the role of humans including greenhouse gas pollution, it promotes the idea of "a sudden climate shift that history tells us will occur again, very possibly soon." In line with climate change denial, the blog argues that the threat of human-caused global warming is exaggerated. The name is a backronym of "International Climate and Environmental Change Assessment Project". It was founded in 2006.
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The mountain was named in 1912 by Swiss geophysicist and Arctic explorer Alfred De QuervainAlfred de Quervain's Swiss Greenland expeditions, 1909 and 1912 in Polar Record, Cambridge Journals by William Barr after his Greenland icecap crossing from Godhavn (Qeqertarsuaq) on the west, to Sermilik Fjord on the eastern side.The Swiss Expedition to Greenland 1938. André Roch Mont Forel was first climbed by a Swiss expedition of the Akademischer Alpen- Club of Zürich led by André Roch in 1938.AAJ - Greenland, Mt. Forel, Climbs And ExpeditionsMountain Info.
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The Bridge River Cones, sometimes referred to as the Lillooet Cones and Salal Creek Cones, is the name given to a volcanic field located on the north flank of the upper Bridge River, about west of the town of Gold Bridge. The cones are in the lee of the Lillooet Icecap and sit astride a group of passes between the Bridge River, which flows W-E to their south, and the Lord River, which flows north to the Taseko Lakes in the Chilcotin District.
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However, the peak is a nunatak and the final ascent is relatively short; only the tip of the mountain emerges from the surrounding icefield. The route to Peak 5390 navigates ridges, a cul-de-sac glacier, a glacial headwall, a seasonal bergschrund, and a large icefield. Only experienced climbers should undertake a trip, and local knowledge is recommended. On a clear day, the mainland, the Coast Mountains, and distinguished peaks such as Devils Thumb and other spires in the Stikine Icecap are visible from the summit.
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The Neutrino Array Radio Calibration (NARC) experiment was the successor to the Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment (RICE) which served as a testbed for future development of an eventual large-scale neutrino radio-detection array. NARC involved detecting ultra high energy electron neutrinos through their interactions with ice molecules in the Antarctic icecap, based on the principle of radio coherence. Experimentally, the goal was to detect and measure long-wavelength (radiofrequency) pulses resulting from this interaction. The experiment ended 2012 (end of data-taking 2010).
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Icebergs breaking from the glacier are often so large (up to 1 km in height) that they are too tall to float down the fjord and lie stuck on the bottom of its shallower areas, sometimes for years, until they are broken up by the force of the glacier and icebergs further up the fjord. Studied for over 250 years, the Jakobshavn Glacier has helped develop modern understanding of climate change and icecap glaciology. Ilulissat Icefjord () was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004.
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In 2013, fans discovered that the musical theme for IceCap Zone closely resembles a previously unreleased 1982 track by the Jetzons, "Hard Times", co-written by Buxer. An anonymous source involved in development told GameTrailers that Jackson's contributions remained, such as in the theme for Carnival Night Zone, and that Jackson had chosen to remain uncredited. In 2019, GameRevolution Alex Donaldson noted that Sonic 3 had been rereleased less frequently since Jackson's death in 2009, and speculated that this was due to legal problems with his estate.
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Richard E. Byrd. The planes were to be used for aerial surveys of Baffin and Ellesmere Islands, investigation of the Greenland icecap, and reconnaissance of previously unexplored areas of the Arctic Sea. The aerial results proved to be disappointing due to severe weather conditions, unreliable engines and inadequate navigational tools (although Byrd would use this experience in preparing for his attempt to reach the North Pole the following year). The expedition is noted for the successful demonstration of SW radio in communications from the Arctic Region.
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The mapping also found "pock marks" some deep by in diameter in the margins which may indicate methane seepage. The survey could support petrochemical exploration, though, Roberts et al. found evidence of "an extensive and effective petroleum system" to be "conjectural". Both the Otago and abyssal fans, and the rift itself developed from the Kaikoura Orogeny and were greatly accelerated after about 2.5 Ma, with the onset of global glacial/interglacial climatic cycles and the development of an icecap along the alpine region of South Island.
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Bishop River Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains on the Mainland of British Columbia, Canada, located southwest of and adjoining Ts'yl-os Provincial Park. It lies along the upper course of the Bishop River, the main tributary of the Southgate River, from the Bishop's source at the western side of the Lillooet Icecap to midway along its course above its confluence with the Southgate.BC Names/GeoBC entry "Bishop River"BC Parks location map The park is 19,947 ha. in size.
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At 3360m Mont Forel was once thought to be the highest mountain in the Arctic Circle before the discovery of Gunnbjørnsfjeld 3693m. In 1996 he climbed a number of the main summits of the Crown Prince Frederick Range together with members of the Tangent British East Greenland Expedition.Tangent Expedition Reports In 1999 he led the first British guided ski crossing of the Greenland Icecap using kites. In 2001 he headed to Svalbard to lead the "Polestar" team to make the first British south-north ski traverse of Spitsbergen.
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In March 2013, O'Shea and O'Leary walked the length of frozen Lake Baikal in Siberia – a 640 km trek, spending over 26 days on the ice. Also in 2013, O'Shea crossed the Southern Kilimanjaro Icecap while guiding a number of groups up the mountain for Irish organisation Kilimanjaro Achievers following the death of Irish mountaineer Ian McKeever In 2014, the team of O'Shea and O'Leary attempted to walk to the North Pole on an expedition dubbed the LifeProof Ice Project: this time the attempt was thwarted by injury to both adventurers.
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The Soviet pilot Valery Chkalov was the first to fly non-stop from Europe to the American Pacific Coast. His flight from Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union to Vancouver, Washington, United States, via the North Pole on a Tupolev ANT-25 single-engine plane (June 18–20, 1937) took 63 hours to complete. The distance covered was . In October 1946, a modified B-29 flew nonstop from Oahu, Hawaii, to Cairo, Egypt, in less than 40 hours, further proving the capability of routing airlines over the polar icecap.
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On June 22, 2007 www.asb.tv was part of the team documenting the attempted completion of a 1942 mission by a P-38 from the “Lost Squadron.” The P-38 was “Glacier Girl” recovered from the Greenland icecap ten years earlier. A mechanical problem with the P-38 forced the team to abandon its mission similar to the original team who in 1942 made an emergency landing on the ice because of foul weather. Ed Shipley, flying P-51 Mustang, “Miss Velma” continued the journey making the transatlantic crossing alone, in a single engine airplane.
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The major reason for the reduction in the United States Air Force's plans was that resupply of the station was difficult and expensive. Permanent polar ice prevents supply by sea, and attempts to move heavy supplies by trans-icecap convoys from Camp TUTO were problematic. In practice, everything had to be flown in from Thule. While this was initially a United States Air Force task, it later devolved on the Royal Danish Air Force, which flew C-130s from Thule to Nord in biannual operations codenamed Brilliant Ice.
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The Enticho Sandstone is a secondary glaciogenic deposit that has been reworked by meltwater of the icecap. It comprises meltwater-transported gravel and sand, as well as thinly bedded mudstone, deposited on the sea floor or in pro-glacial lakes. Dropstones are present; the mud matrix holds larger and smaller clasts that were dropped from melting ice rafts. Three units compose the Enticho Sandstone, from bottom to top: (1) a 30-60 metres thick glaciogenic unit, (2) locally a mudstone- dominated unit that is maximum 20 metres thick, and (3) 20-150 metres thick sandstone.
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Jade Hameister (born 5 June 2001) is an Australian woman who, at age 16, became the youngest person in history to pull off the "polar hat-trick", ski to the North and South Poles, and cross the second largest polar icecap on the planet: Greenland. Hameister travelled over 1,300 km on these three missions, which totalled almost four months on ice. Her "Polar Quest" expeditions were captured as part of a National Geographic feature-length documentary released in 2018 that documented both her Greenland and South Pole expeditions.
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The AST/RO telescope was located on the roof of a single story support building 20m long and 4m wide. To reduce the buildup of snow drifts, the building was mounted on steel columns raising it to an elevation of 3m above the icecap. The AST/RO building was located in the so called Dark Sector of the Amundsen Scott South Pole Station. This is an area located about 1km from the living facilities to ensure it has low light and radio noise pollution, even by South Pole standards.
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Haddington formed along the Larsen Rift dominantly during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs but more recent eruptions have produced tuff cones on its slopes. The youngest tuff cones and pyroclastic cones on the eastern slope are situated below the summit icecap and may have formed in the last few thousand years. Effusive eruptions have created large deltas composed of hyaloclastite breccia and lava flows. Mount Haddington was discovered on December 31, 1842 by the Ross expedition, a voyage of scientific exploration of the Antarctic from 1839 to 1843 led by James Clark Ross.
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Seward residents generally ignored the huge icefield west of town before 1922. The construction of the Spruce Creek trail that year, however, made it possible to view the upper portions of the icecap, and President Harding's promise to visit the territory was sufficient to bestow his name on the feature. Between the mid-1920s and the early 1930s, the increasing popularity of aviation had given a lucky few the opportunity to soar over the icefield. Up to this point, however, people had walked only on the icefield's margins.
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Farther north, the Kluane Icecap -- which feeds the immense Malaspina and Hubbard Glaciers as well as the Bagley Icefield -- sits upon the British Columbia-Yukon Territory-Alaska border and surrounds most of the Saint Elias Mountains as well as both Mount Saint Elias and Mount Logan; it extends as far west as the Copper River. There are also large ice fields located in the Kenai Peninsula-Chugach Mountains area, such as the Sargent Icefield and the Harding Icefield. Throughout the Alaska Range there also large icefields (including one surrounding Denali) which are mostly unnamed.
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The expedition provided some key scientific information. On June 18, 1884, wreckage from Jeannette was found on an ice floe near Julianehåb, near the south-western corner of Greenland. This proved that a continuous ocean current flowed from east to west across the polar sea, and was the basis of Nansen's Fram expedition of 1893–1896. Also, although the Open Polar Sea theory ended with Jeannettes voyage, the ship's meteorological and oceanographic records have provided 21st-century climatologists with valuable data relating to climate change and the shrinking of the polar icecap.
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The commission was established in 1878 by initiative of the professor of geology Frederik Johnstrup. He argued that the State of Denmark should spend some of the considerable income from kryolite mining concessions on furthering mineralogical and other research actitivities in Greenland. In the very year of foundation, the commission funded an expedition led by J. A. D. Jensen to explore the inland icecap and the nunataks now named for J. A. D. Jensen. From 1879 to 1920, its official name was the Commission for Leading Geological and Geographical Investigations in Greenland (Commissionen for Ledelsen af de geologiske og geographiske Undersøgelser i Grønland).
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In August she co- presented FUTURE FEMINISM at 'O' Space in Aarhus with Kembra Pfahler and Johanna Constantine. The program featured 25 lectures, performances and workshops, including a presentations by FEMEN and Victoria Kawesa from the Feminist Party of Sweden, Kembra Pfahler's "Performance Art 101" and a course in self-defense. Anohni presented a multimedia exhibition at Nikolaj Kunsthal in Copenhagen opening in May 2018. The installation includes a collection of framed newspaper articles on the traumatic passing of Marsha P. Johnson, global warming and the melting polar icecap, the beginnings of the AIDS crisis, and cold war nuclear waste disposal.
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According to the documents published by the Kingdom of Denmark in 1997, the U.S. Army's "Iceworm" missile network was outlined in a 1960 Army report titled "Strategic Value of the Greenland Icecap". If fully implemented, the project would cover an area of , roughly three times the size of Denmark. The launch complex floors would be below the surface, with the missile launchers even deeper, and clusters of missile launch centers would be spaced apart. New tunnels were to be dug every year, so that after five years there would be thousands of firing positions, among which the several hundred missiles could be rotated.
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Nansen was already captivated by the frozen north; two years earlier he had experienced a four-month voyage on the sealer Viking, which had included three weeks trapped in drifting ice. An expert skier, Nansen was making plans to lead the first crossing of the Greenland icecap, an objective delayed by the demands of his academic studies, but triumphantly achieved in 1888–89. Through these years Nansen remembered the east–west Arctic drift theory and its inherent possibilities for further polar exploration, and shortly after his return from Greenland he was ready to announce his plans.
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Lake Vanda Station was well known for The Royal Lake Vanda Swim Club. Visitors to Lake Vanda Station could dip into the high salinity waters when the icecap edge melted out during summer to form a 'moat', and receive a Royal Lake Vanda Swim Club shoulder patch. Vanda staff would assist the melt by hacking out a 'pool'. Many dignitaries and politicians were inducted into the club, The dip had to be naked (Rule 1), complete immersion (Rule 4), witnessed by a 'Vandal' (Vanda Station staffer) and with no restrictions on photography (Rule 6) to qualify.
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"French Honour For British Explorer", The Times, 12 April 1935.Sr Martin Lindsay's granddaughter's adventure - The Sunday Times Following Martin Lindsay's pioneering venture few expeditions visited the range which remained almost consigned to oblivion for many decades.Philip Bartlett, Undiscovered Mountains of the Kronprins Frederiks Bjerge - Alpine Journal Finally in 1995 the first guided icecap journey through the range was organized1997 American Alpine Journal, p. 222-225 and the following year, in July and August 1996, a number of the main summits of the range were climbed for the first time by members of the Tangent British East Greenland Expedition, including Paul Walker.
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The Lillooet River is a major river of the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia. It begins at Silt Lake, on the southern edge of the Lillooet Crown Icecap about 80 kilometres northwest of Pemberton and about 85 kilometres northwest of Whistler. Its upper valley is about 95 kilometres in length, entering Lillooet Lake about 15 km downstream from Pemberton on the eastern outskirts of the Mount Currie reserve of the Lil'wat branch of the St'at'imc people. From Pemberton Meadows, about 40 km upstream from Pemberton, to Lillooet Lake, the flat bottomlands of the river form the Pemberton Valley farming region.
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The greenhouse gases due to fossil fuels drive global warming. Already in 1959, at a symposium organised by the American Petroleum Institute for the centennial of the American oil industry, the physicist Edward Teller warned then of the danger of global climate change. Edward Teller explained that carbon dioxide "in the atmosphere causes a greenhouse effect" and that burning more fossil fuels could "melt the icecap and submerge New York".Benjamin Franta, "On its 100th birthday in 1959, Edward Teller warned the oil industry about global warming", The Guardian, 1 January 2018 (page visited on 2 January 2018).
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Waddington Harbour is a harbour at the head of Bute Inlet in the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada.BC Names/GeoBC entry "Waddington Harbour" Also issuing into the head of Bute Inlet and Waddington Harbour, just east of the mouth of the Homathko, is the Teaquahan River.BC Names/GeoBC entry "Teaquahan River" Issuing directly into the inlet a few miles south on the harbour's southeast is the Southgate River,BC Names/GeoBC entry "Southgate River" one of the major rivers of the central Pacific Ranges, which begins on the west side of the Lillooet Icecap. Its lower valley adjacent to the inlet's shores is called Pigeon Valley.
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Barranco Glacier (once known as the Great Barranco Glacier) is near the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, on the southwest slope of the peak and is a small remnant of an icecap which once crowned the top of Mount Kilimanjaro. The glacier is situated at an elevation of between . The Great Barranco Glacier was far larger when first documented in the late 19th century and it along with the now extinct Little Barranco Glacier may have been fed by the Furtwängler Glacier which is on the top of the mountain. By 2011, Barranco Glacier was reduced to two small disconnected and dormant ice bodies.
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Vandament Glacier () is an east-flowing glacier, 6 nautical miles (11 km) long, draining the east-central portion of the Dominion Range icecap. The glacier lies close south of Koski Glacier, whose flow it parallels, and terminates 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) northwest of Safety Spur. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Charles H. Vandament, the United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) ionospheric physicist at South Pole Station, 1962. Charles H. Vandament (08/02/1935- 10/10/2005) was known to family and friends as "Smilin' Chuck", Mr. Vandament was an electrical engineer specializing in radio and antenna design.
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Courtauld joined the Watkins/BAARE expedition and volunteered to conduct meteorological observations at Icecap Station, a purpose-built post atop the Greenland ice cap, above sea level and west of the expedition's main base. Courtauld volunteered and served as a solo observer at this post for a five-month tour of duty during the height of the 1930–1931 winter. Watkins and other expedition members relieved him on 5 May 1931, just as Courtauld's food and fuel were running out. Later in the expedition, together with Percy Lemon and Gino Watkins, Courtauld made an open boat journey of around the King Frederick VI Coast in the south of Greenland.
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Providing the most spectacular fjord and mountain scenery in Norway, the region has been a tourist mecca for centuries. Except for the Jæren plain located at the extreme southern end of the region, Vestlandet is mountainous, with the Jotunheim Mountains and the Hardanger Plateau being the highest areas. The Jostedals Glacier, the largest glacier in Europe, is located in the north-central part of the region, while Hardanger Icecap (Hardangerjøkulen) and the Folgefonna Glacier are smaller ice fields in the south. Norway's longest fjord, Sogn Fjord (205 km [127 mi]), located in the central part of the region, nearly divides Vestlandet in two; farther south Hardanger Fjord stretches inland for .
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The eruption is thought to have begun on 20 March 2010, about east of the top crater of the volcano, on Fimmvörðuháls, the high neck between Eyjafjallajökull and the neighbouring icecap, Mýrdalsjökull. This first eruption, in the form of a fissure vent, did not occur under the glacier and was smaller in scale than had been expected by some geologists. The fissure opened on the north side of Fimmvörðuháls, directly across the popular hiking trail between Skógar, south of the pass, and Þórsmörk, immediately to the north. The eruption on 27 March 2010 The crater three years post eruption in March 2013 Eyjafjallajökull seen from the sea in summer 2014.
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When some United States Air Force personnel were invited to view the reconstructed B-52 cockpit, they said that "it was absolutely correct, even to the little black box which was the CRM." It was so accurate that Kubrick was concerned about whether Adam's team had carried out all its research legally. In several shots of the B-52 flying over the polar ice en route to Russia, the shadow of the actual camera plane, a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, is visible on the icecap below. The B-52 was a scale model composited into the Arctic footage, which was sped up to create a sense of jet speed.
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Huston started his career in Minnesota’s Boundary Waters. From 2000 to 2005, Huston worked full- time at Outward Bound, an expedition school that leads active learning trips. In the spring of 2005, Huston was the only North American selected to join a team of Norwegians restaging Roald Amundsen’s 1911 expedition to the South Pole for a History Channel and BBC documentary. The expedition team skied and dog sledded 1400 miles over 72 days on the Greenland icecap, using 1911 period clothing, equipment and food. During December 2007 and January 2008, Huston led a full-length ski expedition to the South Pole, covering 720 miles in 57 days.
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Directly after graduating from UNH, Boudette joined with the New England Division of the US Army Corps of Engineers in a geological surveying role. His early work consisted of dam site evaluation for civilian needs, but he was quickly shifted into military projects, namely the construction of airfields and Army installations across New England. His geological work helped in the expedited construction of the Nike Missile Defense System of Boston and Limestone Air Force Base in northern Aroostook County, Maine. About a year into his stint with the Army Corps of Engineers, Boudette was sent to the northern Greenland icecap for experimental work using ice drills.
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Puncak Jaya region icecap in 1936. Animated map of the extent of the glaciers of the Carstens Range from 1850 to 2003 Research presented in 2004 of IKONOS satellite imagery of the New Guinean glaciers indicated that in the two years from 2000 to 2002, the Carstensz Glacier had lost a further 6.8% of its surface area. An expedition to the remaining glaciers on Puncak Jaya in 2010 discovered that the ice on the glaciers there is about thick and thinning at a rate of annually. At that rate, the remaining glaciers in the immediate region near Puncak Jaya were expected to last only to the year 2015.
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Streams having their origin in the icecap include the Squamish River and Soo River on its southern edge, Rutherford Creek of its eastern point, the Ryan River off its northeast side, and tributary streams to the Elaho River, a tributary of the Squamish, on the west, and the south fork of Meager Creek, on its north side, another tributary of the Lillooet. Other smaller icefields nearby are the Ipsoot Glacier (also known as the Ipsoot Icefield) to the east, on the north side of Rutherford Creek, and the Powder Mountain Icefield to the south, beyond the divide separating the headwaters of the Squamish and Soo Rivers.
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The missile locations would be under the cover of Greenland's ice sheet and were supposed to be periodically changed. While Project Iceworm was secret, plans for Camp Century were discussed with and approved by the Kingdom of Denmark; the facility, including its nuclear power plant, was profiled in The Saturday Evening Post magazine in 1960. The "official purpose" of Camp Century, as explained by the United States Department of Defense to Danish officials in 1960, was to test various construction techniques under Arctic conditions, explore practical problems with a semi-mobile nuclear reactor, as well as supporting scientific experiments on the icecap.; official purpose and size and length of Camp Century tunnels given on p.78.
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Through information revealed in the course of the story, the author builds up an elaborate and detailed future. Not only has it seen a general rebirth of monarchy, but an engineered global warming in which Greenland's icecap has been purposely melted, allowing it to become a modernized and populous nation. De Camp presents various fictional advances in technology as commonplace while failing to foresee other real-world changes taking place after the story was written, resulting in a world present-day readers may find at once both futuristic and curiously old- fashioned. In one mis-prediction, de Camp projects California becoming the most populous state in the U.S.A. in 1990, a status it actually achieved in 1962.
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After graduating from college, Krakauer spent five weeks alone in the wilderness of the Stikine Icecap region of Alaska and climbed a new route on the Devils Thumb, an experience he described in Eiger Dreams and in Into the Wild. In 1992, he made his way to Cerro Torre in the Andes of Patagonia—a sheer granite peak considered to be one of the most difficult technical climbs in the world. In 1996, Krakauer took part in a guided ascent of Mount Everest. His group was one of those caught in the 1996 Mount Everest disaster, in which a violent storm trapped a number of climbers high on the slopes of the mountain.
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On November 28, 1942 the pair were able to make one successful landing near a USAAF B-17 that had crash landed on the icecap, and had brought the two most injured crew members to Northland. Prior to their second landing an overland expedition to the downed B-17 had experienced its own disaster, with a sled falling into a crevasse. When Bottoms and Pritchard landed, and learned of this additional disaster they planned to take one more crew member to Northland, and return with Northland crew members to help search for members of the overland expedition. They took off successfully, but Northland radioman heard their transmissions fade as they were struck by bad weather.
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In the fall of 2003, a Pineapple Express system delivered more rain than ever in recorded history to the Sea to Sky region, and was compounded by the freezing line in the mountains being above the elevation of the many icefields in the region, causing immense amounts of meltwater on creeks coming out of them. Highway and rail bridges at Rutherford Creek were washed out by the torrent coming down that watercourse from the Pemberton Icecap, wrecking two vehicles and taking two lives. Meteorologists said that a storm such as this one happens only once a century. 200-350 millimetres of rain fell on the Village of Pemberton, while Squamish received , 15% of the town's annual total.
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Wilkes' chart suggests a possible coastal recession corresponding closely with the longitudinal limits for Vincennes Bay, although pack ice conditions prevented close reconnaissance by the USEE of the coast in this immediate area. Vincennes Bay is roughly triangular, 120 km north-south and 150 km east-west at its northern extremity, and thus covers an area of about 9,000 km2. To the east lies the icecap of Law Dome and the north-south oriented Windmill Islands coast of Precambrian basement, which is the setting for Antarctic stations Wilkes (USA, 1957–59) and Casey (Australia, 1959–present day). The Knox Coast forms the western boundary of Vincennes Bay, where the East Antarctic ice sheet terminates in continuous ice cliffs.
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Mount Raleigh, elevation , is one of the principal summits of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains of southern British Columbia in Canada. It is located just southeast of the confluence of the Southgate and Bishop Rivers, northeast of the head of Bute Inlet,BC Names/GeoBC entry "Mount Raleigh" and is the highest summit south of the Bishop River's divide with the Lillooet River at Ring Pass, which is at the southeastern edge of the Lillooet Icefield and just north of the Pemberton Icecap. It is also the highest peak south of the pass between the upper basins of Chilko Lake and the Taseko Lakes, just north of which is Monmouth Mountain at (see Tsi'los Provincial Park).
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The Lillooet Icecap and the Compton Névé, both similar in size to the Homathko Icefield but much more peak- studded, lie to the Homathko Icefield's southeast across the Southgate River which bends around the icefield-massif's southern flank to reach the head of Bute Inlet adjacent to the mouth of the Homathko River. The icefield is essentially one large ice-girt montane plateau between these two rivers. The highest summit of the icefield is Mount Grenville, located at its southern edge. Among its other peaks are Plateau Peak, Cambridge Peak, Cloister Peak, Galleon Peak and, on its northwest overlooking the site of the opening battle of the Chilcotin War, Klattasine Peak, named for the Tsilhqot'in leader of the war.
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Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment (RICE) was an experiment designed to detect the Cherenkov emission in the radio regime of the electromagnetic spectrum from the interaction of high energy neutrinos (greater than 1 PeV, so-called ultra- high energy UHE neutrinos) with the Antarctic ice cap (ice molecules). The goals of this experiment are to determine the potential of the radio-detection technique for measuring the high energy cosmic neutrino flux, determining the sources of this flux, and measuring neutrino-nucleon cross sections at energies above those accessible with existing accelerators. Such an experiment also has sensitivity to neutrinos from gamma ray bursts, as well as highly ionizing charged particles (monopoles, e.g.) traversing the Antarctic icecap.
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He used similar methods to cross the South Patagonian Icecap from Chile to Argentina, producing the film, Riding the Tempest. Philips has also skied across icecaps in Iceland (2003) and Ellesmere Island (1992) and in 2008 skied from Ny Alesund to Longyearbyen on the island of Spitsbergen. In 1996-97 Philips worked as a Field Training Officer at Mawson Station for the Australian Antarctic Division and again in 2008-09 as Field Leader of the International Polar Year AGAP North project. In 2006-07 he sailed with his family on board the ice-strengthened ship Sarsen to Commonwealth Bay in Antarctica and in 2009 circumnavigated Greenland on board Greenpeace's icebreaker, Arctic Sunrise as part of their Climate Impacts expedition.
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One of the more celebrated North American ice fields is the Columbia Icefield located in the Rocky Mountains between Jasper and Banff, Alberta. Easy access by road contributes to the status of this ice field as one of the most visited in North America, although it is actually a comparatively small ice field within the huge and largely ice-free American cordillera. Many particularly expansive ice fields lie in the Coast Mountains, Alaska Range, and Chugach Mountains of Alaska, British Columbia, and the Yukon Territory. The 6,500 km2 Stikine Icecap (located between the Stikine and Taku Rivers) and the 2,500 km2 Juneau Icefield (located between Lynn Canal and the Taku River) both straddle the British Columbian-Alaskan border.
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Glen first travelled to the Arctic as crew on a fishing boat owned by a Cambridge law don, and spent two months surveying in the mountains. The next year, he led his own 16-man Oxford University summer expedition which included Hugh Lygon who also invited Evelyn Waugh(who nearly drowned when a glacier thawed), and in the winter spent some months with the Lapps of northern Sweden, then in the following summer, returned to Spitsbergen for a few weeks. In 1935 the 23-year-old Glen led an Oxford University expedition which established a station on the icecap of North East Land and carried out research in glaciology, geology and radio propagation in high latitudes. He wrote Under the Pole Star in 1937.
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In the same year he published an inventory of Antarctic subglacial lakes that included Lake Ellsworth. He is the UK PI of the US-UK-China-Australia ICECAP programme, that uses long-range airborne geophysics to measure and characterise the ice sheet and lithosphere in previously unexplored regions of Antarctica, including Totten Glacier and the Aurora Subglacial Basin, Byrd Glacier and the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, and Princess Elizabeth Land. He was the PI of a NERC-funded airborne geophysics campaign to the Weddell Sea sector of West Antarctica (2009-2013), which showed the grounding line of Institute Ice Stream to be perched on a steep reverse sloping bed. In December 2012 he led a NERC-funded attempt to sample Lake Ellsworth using a purpose built clean hot-water drill and water- sampling/measuring probe.
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Sorby works as a guide and historian of Antarctica, having visited the continent more than 100 times and also having skied across the Greenland icecap, across King George Island, Antarctica, and skied to the South Pole. Her journey to the South Pole, which she reached on 14 January 1993, was as a member of the first women’s team (under the leadership of Ann Bancroft) to do so. Sorby co-founded Hearts in the Ice, a social media project aimed at engagement on climate change and together with Norwegian Hilde Fålun Strøm, is the first woman to over-winter in Svalbard without men. Focusing on the smallest possible carbon footprint while overwintering on Svalbard, Sorby and Strøm intend to pioneer the use of an electric snowmobile, and keep packaging of supplies to a minimum.
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In the 1950s, Army research units became interested in building structures inside permanent ice for protection, survival, and concealment. Close to the Air Force's new base at Thule and within its associated joint Danish-American Defense Area, the Army Corps of Engineers was able to create an extensive infrastructure to try out these ideas. Initially, from 1952, the Army Transportation Corps participated in cross-icecap supply trains using tracked vehicle convoys, eventually reaching as far as Station Nord on the east coast of Greenland. As the take-off point for the ice cap, the Army Corps of Engineers then built Camp Tuto for its Polar Research and Development Center (PRDC), and the site was used by the Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment (SIPRE) and its successor the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL).
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That research between 1973 and 1976 showed glacier retreat for the Meren Glacier of while the Carstensz Glacier lost . The Northwall Firn, the largest remnant of the icecap that once was atop Puncak Jaya, has itself split into two separate glaciers after 1942. IKONOS satellite imagery of the New Guinean glaciers indicated that by 2002 only glacial area remained, that in the two years from 2000 to 2002, the East Northwall Firn had lost 4.5%, the West Northwall Firn 19.4% and the Carstensz 6.8% of their glacial mass, and that sometime between 1994 and 2000, the Meren Glacier had disappeared altogether. An expedition to the remaining glaciers on Puncak Jaya in 2010 discovered that the ice on the glaciers there is about thick and thinning at a rate of annually.
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This is a list of Boundary Peaks of the Alaska–British Columbia border, including those on the Alaska–Yukon border, being those peaks named as border- points of the Canada–United States border as a result of the Alaska Boundary Settlement of 1903 and associated later surveys. Brass or concrete survey markers were placed on the summits of the accessible peaks designated in the treaty, positioned such that from any one marker a surveyor could see both the previous and the next markers along the boundary line. This was done so that if ever a question arose about jurisdiction anywhere along the border, a determination could be made by sighting between two markers. Other peaks named in the treaty but not in the numbered-peak series include T Mountain, in the Stikine Icecap area ().
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The Southgate River is a river in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia, Canada, entering the head of Bute Inlet, on that province's South Coast, just east of the mouth of the Homathko River at Waddington Harbour. The lower reaches of the river's course are flat-bottomed and are named Pigeon Valley. The river is approximately 65 km in length, beginning on the western flank of Good Hope Mountain, to the east of the Homathko Icefield, and then flows generally SSW for about 40 km before turning WNW towards the head of Bute Inlet. The Bishop River enters it from the east after the first 20 km of its course and has its origin at Ring Pass, which lies between the Compton Neve (W) and the Lillooet Icecap (E) and forms the divide with the uppermost Lillooet River.
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In the summer of 1952, Barry and Rodger Ewy climbed guideless on many "classics" in Europe, among which the Zugspitze Ridge, Cime Grande in the Dolomites, Z'mutt Ridge on the Matterhorn, the traverse from Gornergrat to Monte Rosa via summits of Breithorn, Castor and Pollux and both summits of Monte Rosa, and the Dent du Requin Needle on Mont Blanc. Barry soloed the Italian Ridge on the Matterhorn. His studies continued at Northwestern University, where he earned a masters in geography in 1954-1955, studying shear moraines on the Greenland Icecap. During his work in Greenland he met Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, and after joining the Air Force, served as scientific advisor to Byrd's staff with Admiral Dufek, at the Antarctic Projects Office in Washington, D.C., where he monitored international scientific programs in polar research.
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In 1985, at the age of 19, Larramendi made the crossing of the Pyrenees on skis, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, in 53 days, which he repeated in the following year on his own. Also in 1985, he was part of a pioneering group in Spain that crossed the interior of Iceland from west or east (Transislandia 85), also on skis, through its three largest glaciers. This feat allowed him to obtain his first public recognition: the Nescafé Prize 'Tu aventura vale un millón' ('Your adventure is worth a million'), in 1986, which let him finance his next adventure: the first Spanish voyage in the Greenland icecap: the TransGreenland Expedition, 700 km in 55 days. In 1988, he also led the first Circumnavigation of the Iberian Peninsula in kayak, sailing 3,500 kilometers in only 108 days.
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High Camp at Killen Meadows, high on the slopes of Mount Adams. Adams Glacier cascades down the rocky chute from the summit icecap Many trails access the "Round the Mountain Trail" in the Mount Adams Wilderness. On the south, the Shorthorn Trail #16 leaves from near the Morrison Creek Campground and the South Climb Trail #183 starts at Cold Springs Trailhead/Campground and heads up the South Spur, the most popular climbing route to the summit. On the west side, there are three trails going up: the Stagman Ridge Trail #12, Pacific Crest Trail #2000, and the Riley Creek Trail #64. There are four trails providing access to the "Round the Mountain Trail" on north side: the Divide Camp Trail #112, Killen Creek Trail #113, Muddy Meadows Trail #13, and the Pacific Crest Trail again as it heads down the mountain to the north.
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Athena informs Myra and the Mars researchers of a plan to stop the Q-bomb by communicating to the Martians from Mir's universe. Back on Mir, Bisesa reaches a frozen-over Chicago, the climate having been heavily disrupted by the Discontinuity (the moment of Mir's creation). There she receives a transmission from Myra in the "real" universe, informing her of Athena's plan to communicate with the Martians; a pattern of geometrical shapes was to be transmitted to Blue Mars, which would prompt the Martian survivors to somehow act. At the suggestion of Thomas Alva Edison, the residents of Chicago dig vast trenches in the shapes required in Mir's North American icecap, filling them with oil and setting them ablaze; the pattern is observed by the sole remaining inhabitant of Blue Mars, at the Martian North Pole, who promptly reconfigures its version of the gravity trap to crush the Eye it contained.
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This had resulted in a US Navy Constellation on a non-essential flight with 80 passengers and crew onboard crash landing there in a snowstorm and stranding its passengers and crew for several days. As a result of this incident, the US Navy had also withdrawn refuelling facilities at the airfield, which made commercial airline operations impractical. A last-minute appeal at the highest level of the US government failed to reverse the US Navy's decision. As a consequence (as well as owing to bad weather in the area at the time), when the flight departed Punta Arenas on 11 December on the last leg of the trip (before returning to the US) the closest Polarbird II came to the original South Pole experience of Polarbyrd I back in 1968 was to offer its passengers a round trip within a radius of the South Pole with views of the Antarctic icecap.
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An up- and-coming Chinese Communist apparatchik named Li (who is, in fact, a suave Fu Manchu type philosopher steeped in ancient Chinese learning and having only a thin veneer of Communism or Marxism) devises a plan with the aid of a prominent nuclear scientist and a People's Liberation Army general to produce a nuclear weapon, which they will plant outside US bases of strategic importance and detonate so that it appears that the Soviet Union has committed to the first strike of a nuclear war. The United States and the Soviet Union both deploy their nuclear arsenals, wiping each other out and destroying the Pentagon and killing the US President. Meanwhile, the only submarine left in the US fleet, which has been on an expedition conducting an experiment on social isolation under the polar icecap, comes back to port after receiving news of the nuclear holocaust. The commander drops the survivors off at a deserted Pacific island that will be passed over by the fallout.
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Kakuhan Range between Juneau and Haines, Alaska The third and northernmost subdivision of the Coast Mountains is the Boundary Ranges, extending from the Nass River in the south to the Kelsall River in the north. It is also the largest subdivision of the Coast Mountains, spanning the British Columbia-Alaska border and northwards into Yukon flanking the west side of the Yukon River drainage as far as Champagne Pass, north of which being the Yukon Ranges. The Boundary Ranges include several large icefields, including the Juneau Icefield between Juneau, Alaska and Atlin Lake in British Columbia, and the Stikine Icecap, which lies between the lower Stikine River and the Whiting River. Because the Coast Mountains are just east of the Pacific Ocean, they have a profound effect on British Columbia's climate by forcing moisture-laden air off the Pacific Ocean to rise, dropping heavy rainfalls on the western slopes where lush forests exist.
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The Mount Edziza and Level Mountain complexes have shelves of older lava with elevations more than and have been zones of volcanic activity long enough that their geothermal activities might have had effects on movements of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet much like the Grímsvötn caldera in Iceland, which has been a significant heat source beneath the vast Vatnajökull icecap. At the Edziza complex, most of the subglacial products were formed on top of the main lava plateau, which now rises at least in elevation above adjacent stream valleys. The Edziza complex consists of a collection of mafic subglacial products, but more unusually, including Hoodoo Mountain and Level Mountain, comprises some of the largest deposits of peralkaline felsic subglacial volcanics known. At the Edziza and Level Mountain complexes, glacier hydrology of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet was possibly dominated by a complicated interaction between drainage on the flat plateaus under relatively thinner ice and drainage within nearby steep valleys filled with much thicker ice.
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Mount Nesselrode, also known as Boundary Peak 98, prominence: , is a peak in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains, located on and in part defining the border between British Columbia, Canada and Alaska, United States. About north of Juneau to the west of the lower Stikine River and in the heart of the Stikine Icecap in Juneau Icefield southwest of Atlin Lake, it is also the corner point of Alaska's Haines Borough and Juneau Borough.Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia It was named in 1924 on 100 year anniversary of the Russo- American Treaty of 1824 in honour of Karl Nesselrode, also known as Charles de Nesselrode, then Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs and a plenipotentiary in the negotiations which produced the Russo-American Treaty of 1824. That treaty defined the boundary between Russian America and US claims to the Oregon Country and was mirrored in a parallel treaty with the British the next year, defining 54°40′north as the southward limit of Russian possessions.
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Carstensz Range from 1850 to 2003 Mount Carstensz icecap 1936 USGSAlso mid-2005 image and animation. Jan Carstensz's 1623 report of glaciers covering the equatorial mountains of New Guinea was originally met with ridicule, but in the early 20th century at least five subranges of the Maoke Mountains (meaning "Snowy Mountains") were indeed still found to be covered with large ice caps. Due to the location of the island within the tropical zone, there is little to no seasonal variation in temperature. The tropical location has a predictably steady level of rain and snowfall, as well as cloud cover year round, and there has been no noticeable change in the amount of moisture which has fallen during the 20th century. In 1913, high Prins Hendrik peaks (now Puncak Yamin) was named and reported to have "eternal" snow, but this observation was never repeated.E.J. Brill, Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1913, p. 180. The ice cap of Wilhelmina Peaks, which reached below in 1909, vanished between 1939 and 1963. The Mandala / Juliana ice cap disappeared in the 1990s.
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On average, the summer expedition is 15 days in length. After participants have assembled in Ottawa, they fly north. The itinerary changes from year to year and expeditions have variously embarked from Iceland, Iqaluit, Nunavut, Kuujjuaq, Nunavik, Churchill, Manitoba, or Pangnirtung and Baffin Island. Once aboard the ship, students have the opportunity to observe humpbacks, minke whales, orcas, narwhals, bowhead whales, belugas, walruses, polar bears and dozens of seabird species, and to explore high Arctic coastal regions via Zodiac boat excursions and landings to see glaciers, icebergs, fjords, and the world’s northernmost communities and research stations. Expeditions beginning in Iceland have in the past included land-based activities such as a day in Reykjavík; visits to the Blue Lagoon, active geysers, Iceland’s icecap, ancient fishing villages, the volcanic Vestmannaeyjar, or Westman Islands; a tour of a geothermal power plant; a hike in Thingvellir National Park, a UNESCO world heritage site or along the shores of Skagafjörður, aka the Skaga Fjord, Saudarkrokur; a trip to Hvammstangi, home of the Icelandic Seal Centre, or the Husavik Whale Museum, located on the eastern shore of the Skjalfandi Bay.
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In British Columbia, survey work was overseen by Walter Moberly, a former Colony of British Columbia land official and cabinet member, and involved steamboat support vessels on the Arrow Lakes and Columbia River, and on Kootenay Lake, Shuswap Lake, Seton Lake and others."Steampships of the Columbia" article in Trail in Time website by Walter Volovsek The survey entailed the first detailed mapping of much of southern British Columbia, including remote areas such as the Coast Mountains icefields and a range of potential pass and route combinations, including new discoveries - the most notable and crucial of which was Rogers Pass through the Selkirk Mountains, but also less famously but no less crucially Eagle Pass through the Monashees. Routes investigated included those of the bronze rush-era Waddington's Road via Bute Inlet and the eventual Lillooet-Squamish-Howe Sound routing of the Pacific Great Eastern, led by Stanley Smith, that attempted to investigate a potential route from the head of the Lillooet River via Ring Pass and the Lillooet Icefield to the coast via the Bishop River, resulted in the disappearance of Smith's party. Glaciers in the Lillooet Icecap are named for him and his brother, who had also been in the group.
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