But with so many E number-packed lollies and luridly sauced cones to choose from, the real question is: What to spend that sticky handful of 10p pieces on?
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"Its bloated synth sounds like the soundtrack to an advert for some E number-riddled sweets written by Katy Perry, while the almost-rapping in the middle-eight sounds like a Pussycat Dolls pastiche."
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As a food additive, it has E number E214. Sodium ethyl para- hydroxybenzoate, the sodium salt of ethylparaben, has the same uses and is given the E number E215.
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Stearic acid (E number E570) is found in some foods.
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It is also known as one of the E number food additives E500.
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As a food additive, L-leucine has E number E641 and is classified as a flavor enhancer.
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Sodium sulfate is used as a diluent for food colours. It is known as E number additive E514.
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The steam locomotive "A. M. Cannon." SLS&E; number 11, was named after a prominent Spokane resident.Armbruster p.
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Petunidin is referred as E165f, E163 and following numbers corresponding to anthocyanins in the food coloring E number list.
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Its E number is E1200. The FDA approved it in 1981. It is 0.1 times as sweet as sugar.
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It is used to prevent precipitation in wine and is listed as E number E353 as a food additive.
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3H2O, dimagnesium phosphate. As a food additive, it is used as an acidity regulator and has the E number E343.
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Potassium adipate is a compound with formula K2C6H8O4. It is the potassium salt of adipic acid. It has E number E357.
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Sodium adipate is a compound with formula Na2C6H8O4. It is the sodium salt of adipic acid. It has E number E356.
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It is used as a thickener and gelling agent, and has E-number E427 in food and E499 in feed (pet food).
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Campesterol is a phytosterol whose chemical structure is similar to that of cholesterol, and is one of the ingredients for E number E499.
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Text Book of Diseases and their Symptoms in Porphyra. [In Japanese.] Contribution E, Number I 8 of Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Japan. 37 pp.
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In the food industry, inosinic acid and its salts such as disodium inosinate are used as flavor enhancers. It is known as E number reference E630.
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According to EU directive 89/107/EEC tannic acid cannot be considered as a food additive and consequently does not hold an E number. Under directive 89/107/EEC tannic acid can be referred to as a food ingredient. The E-number E181 is sometimes incorrectly used to refer to tannic acid; this in fact refers to the INS number assigned to tannic acid under the FAO-WHO Codex Alimentarius system.
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Octyl gallate is the ester of 1-octanol and gallic acid. As a food additive, it is used under the E number E311 as an antioxidant and preservative.
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The European Union classifies it as a food additive permitted in certain foods and subject to quantitative limits. MSG has the HS code 29224220 and the E number E621.
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It is used as a food additive with E number E585. It is an acidity regulator and colour retention agent, and is also used to fortify foods with iron.
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Potassium acetate is used as a food additive as a preservative and acidity regulator. In the European Union, it is labeled by the E number E261;UK Food Standards Agency: it is also approved for usage in the USAUS Food and Drug Administration: and Australia and New Zealand.Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code Potassium hydrogen diacetate (CAS #) with formula KH(OOCCH3)2 is a related food additive with the same E number as potassium acetate.
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In theory, electrolysis of calcium bromide solution will also yield calcium bromate. It is used as a bread dough and flour "improver" or conditioner (E number E924b) in some countries.
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Potassium bisulfite is used as a sterilising agent in the production of alcoholic beverages. This additive is classified as E number E228 under the current EU-approved food additive legislation.
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Monoammonium glutamate is a compound with formula NH4C5H8NO4. It is an ammonium acid salt of glutamic acid. It has the E number E624 and is used as a flavor enhancer.
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WHO/Food Add./67.29 The main reaction product is biurea, which is stable during baking. Secondary reaction products include semicarbazide and ethyl carbamate. It is known by the E number E927.
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It is used as a food additive, also known as E224.List of E-number food additives It is restricted in use and may cause allergic reactions in some sensitive persons.
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The Reload & E621 moniker was used for Reload releases that featured Tom Middleton. E621 (the E number for Monosodium glutamate) also denoted the addition of Middleton in the Link & E621 project.
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Sodium sorbate is the sodium salt of sorbic acid. Its formula is NaC6H7O2 and systematic name is sodium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate. It is a food additive with E-number E201.
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Azorubine is an azo dye consisting of two naphthalene subunits. It is a red solid. It is mainly used in foods that are heat-treated after fermentation. It has E number E122.
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Sodium croscarmellose is an internally cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose for use as a superdisintegrant in pharmaceutical formulations. E468 is the E number of crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, used in food as an emulsifier.
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Considerable changes in the program were being promoted in Washington with Ordinance Department pushing for the development of a guided missile as a weapon. There was pressure to develop a missile for service by 1954. Corporal was further along than he competing GE Hermes program and was thus selected to develop a weapon, not just an experimental vehicle. The Corporal E launch program restarted with Corporal E number 5 on 11 July 1950 ,which was partially successful, as was Corporal E number 6.
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Electronics failure due to vibration was suspected and addressed. Corporal E 10 was not fired and number 11 which flew on 11 October 1951 was essentially the basic configuration of the Corporal ballistic missile the Army wanted including the new fin configuration. The Corporal E number 11 went off course towards Las Cruces. Corporal E number 5 had marked the effective end of Corporal E test vehicle development as the Corporal E had been selected for development into a guided missile weapon.
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Dipotassium guanylate is a compound with formula K2(C10H12O4N5PO4). It is a potassium salt of guanylic acid. As a food additive, it is used as a flavor enhancer and has the E number E628.
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Magnesium diglutamate is a compound with formula Mg(C5H8NO4)2. It is a magnesium acid salt of glutamic acid. It has the E number E625 and is used in foods as a flavor enhancer.
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Sodium gluconate is a compound with formula NaC6H11O7. It is the sodium salt of gluconic acid. Its E number is E576. Sodium gluconate is widely used in textile dyeing, printing and metal surface water treatment.
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Sorbitan monolaurate is a mixture of esters formed from the fatty acid lauric acid and polyols derived from sorbitol, including sorbitan and isosorbide. As a food additive, it is designated with the E number E493.
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Sodium methylparaben (sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate) is a compound with formula Na(CH3(C6H4COO)O). It is the sodium salt of methylparaben. It is a food additive with the E number E219 which is used as a preservative.
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Capsanthin is a natural red dye of the xanthophyll class. As a food coloring, it has the E number E160c(i). Capsanthin is the main carotenoid in red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and a component of paprika oleoresin.
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Capsorubin is a natural red dye of the xanthophyll class. As a food coloring, it has the E number E160c(ii). Capsorubin is a carotenoid found in red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and a component of paprika oleoresin.
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Calcium malate is a compound with formula Ca(C2H4O(COO)2). It is the calcium salt of malic acid. As a food additive, it has the E number E352. It is related to, but different from, calcium citrate malate.
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The list shows all components that have or had an E-number assigned, even those no longer allowed in the EU. For an overview of currently allowed additives see information provided by the Food Standards Agency of the UK.
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Fumaric acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H. A white solid, fumaric acid occurs widely in nature. It has a fruit-like taste and has been used as a food additive. Its E number is E297.
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Ammonium malate is a compound with formula NH4(C2H4O(COO)2). It is the ammonium salt of malic acid. It is used as a food additive and has the E number E349. There is a recommendation to avoid this food additive.
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Calcium ascorbate is a compound with the molecular formula CaC12H14O12. It is the calcium salt of ascorbic acid, one of the mineral ascorbates. It is approximately 10% calcium by mass. As a food additive, it has the E number E 302\.
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Calcium fumarate is a compound with formula Ca(C2H2(COO)2) or (OOC-CH=CH- COO)Ca. It is a calcium salt of fumaric acid, and has been used to enrich foods to boost calcium absorption. It has E number "E367".
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Monopotassium glutamate (MPG) is a compound with formula KC5H8NO4. It is a potassium acid salt of glutamic acid. It has the E number E622 and is used in foods as a flavor enhancer. It is a non-sodium MSG alternative.
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Calcium sorbate is the calcium salt of sorbic acid. Calcium sorbate is a polyunsaturated fatty acid salt. It is a commonly used food preservative; its E number is E203, but it is no longer allowed to be used in the European Union.
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Ammonium lactate is a compound with formula NH4(C2H4(OH)COO). It is the ammonium salt of lactic acid. It has mild anti-bacterial properties. It has E number "E328" and is the active ingredient of the skin lotions Amlactin and Lac-Hydrin.
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Potassium tartrate, dipotassium tartrate or argol has formula K2C4H4O6. It is the potassium salt of tartaric acid. It is often confused with potassium bitartrate, also known as cream of tartar. As a food additive, it shares the E number E336 with potassium bitartrate.
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New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989., p. 3251 a preservative with E number E233 (INS number 233). For example, it is applied to bananas to ensure freshness, and is a common ingredient in the waxes applied to the skins of citrus fruits.
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Sorbitan tristearate is a nonionic surfactant. It is variously used as a dispersing agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer, in food and in aerosol sprays. As a food additive, it has the E number E492. Brand names for polysorbates include Alkest, Canarcel, and Span.
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As a food additive,Peter J. Taormina "Implications of Salt and Sodium Reduction on Microbial Food Safety" in Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2010, vol. 50, 209-227. it has E number E262 and is used to impart a salt and vinegar flavor.
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In the United States, DATEM is generally recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as specified in the Code of Federal Regulations (21CFR184.1101). DATEM is approved by the European Food Safety Authority for use as food additive with the E number E472e.
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Sucralose is an artificial sweetener and sugar substitute. The majority of ingested sucralose is not broken down by the body, so it is noncaloric. In the European Union, it is also known under the E number E955. It is produced by chlorination of sucrose.
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Ethyl gallate is a food additive with E number E313. It is the ethyl ester of gallic acid. Ethyl gallate is added to food as an antioxidant. Though found naturally in a variety of plant sources including walnuts Terminalia myriocarpaPharmacologically Active Ellagitannins from Terminalia myriocarpa.
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As a food additive, ammonium sulfate is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and in the European Union it is designated by the E number E517. It is used as an acidity regulator in flours and breads.
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Propyl gallate, or propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate is an ester formed by the condensation of gallic acid and propanol. Since 1948, this antioxidant has been added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation. As a food additive, it is used under the E number E310.
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In some Mucoralean fungi, β-Carotene is a precursor to the synthesis of trisporic acid. β-Carotene is the most common form of carotene in plants. When used as a food coloring, it has the E number E160a. The structure was deduced by Karrer et al.
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As a food additive it has E number E123. Amaranth usually comes as a trisodium salt. It has the appearance of reddish-brown, dark red to purple water-soluble powder that decomposes at 120 °C without melting. Its water solution has absorption maximum at about 520 nm.
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Triethyl citrate is an ester of citric acid. It is a colorless, odorless liquid used as a food additive (E number E1505) to stabilize foams, especially as whipping aid for egg white. It is also used in pharmaceutical coatings and plastics.Pharmaceutical Coatings Bulletin 102-4, morflex.
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Calcium formate is the calcium salt of formic acid. It is also known as E238. Under this E number it is used as an animal feed preservative within EU, but not in foods intended for people. Calcium formate is stable at room temperature, is inflammable and forms orthorhombic crystals.
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In food products, potassium hydroxide acts as a food thickener, pH control agent and food stabilizer. The FDA considers it (as a direct human food ingredient) as generally safe when combined with "good" manufacturing practice conditions of use. It is known in the E number system as E525.
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Potassium malate is a compound with formula K2(C2H4O(COO)2). It is the potassium salt of malic acid. As a food additive, it has the E number E351. It is used as acidity regulator or acidifier for use in, for example, canned vegetables, soups, sauces, fruit products and soft drinks.
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Monosodium tartrate or sodium bitartrate is a sodium acid salt of tartaric acid. As a food additive it is used as an acidity regulator and is known by the E number E335. As an analytical reagent, it can be used in a test for ammonium cation which gives a white precipitate.
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Ferrous gluconate is also used as a food additive when processing black olives. It is represented by the food labeling E number E579 in Europe. It imparts a uniform jet black color to the olives.CSPI's Guide to Food AdditivesAntonio Higinio Sánchez Gómez, Pedro García García and Luis Rejano Navarro (Spain 2006).
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Microsoft Word - G0294.doc One such commercial product is called Polyclar. PVPP forms bonds similar to peptidic bonds in protein (especially, like proline residues) and that is why it can precipitate tannins the same way as proteins do. PVPP has E number code E1202 and is used as a stabiliser.
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Changes were made in the control system, and it achieved reliable service. Changes in the fuel system also improved reliability. Corporal E number 7 introduced the quick shutoff valve to increase accuracy and the 19 cell air tank. Rockets 8 and 9 both showed failures in range both under and over.
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Upon heating, SAlP combines with the baking soda to give carbon dioxide. Most of its action occurs at baking temperatures, rather than when the dough or batter is mixed at room temperature. SAlPs are advantageous because they impart a neutral flavor. As a food additive, it has the E number E541.
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Ascorbyl stearate (C24H42O7) is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and stearic acid. In addition to its use as a source of vitamin C, it is used as an antioxidant food additive in margarine (E number E305). The USDA limits its use to 0.02% individually or in conjunction with other antioxidants.
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It is also used in the pill form as a magnesium dietary supplement. It contains 11.23% magnesium by weight. Compared to trimagnesium citrate, it is much more water- soluble, less alkaline, and contains less magnesium. As a food additive, magnesium citrate is used to regulate acidity and is known as E number E345.
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Heptylparaben (heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate) is a compound with formula C7H15(C6H4OHCOO). It is a paraben which is the heptyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Heptylparaben has also been found to be produced in some microorganisms including Microbulbifer. As a food additive it has E number E209, and is used as a preservative.
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Various diphosphates are used as emulsifiers, stabilisers, acidity regulators, raising agents, sequestrants, and water retention agents in food processing.Codex Alimentarius 1A, 2nd ed, 1995, pp. 71, 82, 91 They are classified in the E number scheme under E450:D. J. Jukes, Food Legislation of the UK: A Concise Guide, Elsevier, 2013, p.
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Sodium benzoate is a substance which has the chemical formula C6H5COONa. It is a widely used food pickling agent, with an E number of E211. It is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water. It can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid.
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STPP is a preservative for seafood, meats, poultry, and animal feeds. It is common in food production as E number E451. In foods, STPP is used as an emulsifier and to retain moisture. Many governments regulate the quantities allowed in foods, as it can substantially increase the sale weight of seafood in particular.
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Yellow 2G is a food coloring denoted by E number E107 with the Colour Index CI18965. It has the appearance of a yellow powder, and it is soluble in water. It is a synthetic yellow azo dye. It is not listed by the UK's Food Standards Agency among EU approved food additives.
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2-Phenylphenol, or o-phenylphenol, is an organic compound. In terms of structure, it is one of the monohydroxylated isomers of biphenyl. It is a white solid. It is a biocide used as a preservative with E number E231 and under the trade names Dowicide, Torsite, Fungal, Preventol, Nipacide and many others.
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Aluminium silicate (or aluminum silicate) is a name commonly applied to chemical compounds which are derived from aluminium oxide, Al2O3 and silicon dioxide, SiO2 which may be anhydrous or hydrated, naturally occurring as minerals or synthetic. Their chemical formulae are often expressed as xAl2O3·ySiO2·zH2O. It is known as E number E559.
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When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. World production in 2014 exceeded 9 million tonnes."Titanium" in 2014 Minerals Yearbook. USGS It has been estimated that titanium dioxide is used in two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have been valued at $13.2 billion.
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Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, chemical formula CH3CH=CH−CH=CH−CO2K. It is a white salt that is very soluble in water (58.2% at 20 °C). It is primarily used as a food preservative (E number 202).Nordic Food Additive Database Nordic Working Group on Food Toxicology and Risk Assessment.
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Sodium benzoate is a preservative, with the E number E211. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (i.e. acetic acid in vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (acetic acid), condiments, and frogurt toppings. It is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics.
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Cyclamic acid is a compound with formula C6H13NO3S. It is included in E number "E952". Cyclamic acid is mainly used as catalyst in the production of paints and plastics, and furthermore as a reagent for laboratory usage. The sodium and calcium salts of cyclamic acid are used as artificial sweeteners under the name cyclamate.
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Green S is a green synthetic coal tar triarylmethane dye with the molecular formula C27H25N2O7S2Na. As a food dye, it has E number E142. It can be used in mint sauce, desserts, gravy granules, sweets, ice creams, and tinned peas. Green S is prohibited as a food additive in Canada, United States, Japan, and Norway.
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Black 7984, Food Black 2, or C.I. 27755, is a brown-to-black synthetic diazo dye. It is often used as the tetrasodium salt. When used as a food dye, it has E number E152. Its use in food has not been permitted in the United States and in the European Union since 1984.
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Brassicasterol (24-methyl cholest-5,22-dien-3β-ol) is a 28-carbon sterol synthesised by several unicellular algae (phytoplankton) and some terrestrial plants, like rape. This compound has frequently been used as a biomarker for the presence of (marine) algal matter in the environment, and is one of the ingredients for E number E499.
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The E number of methyl cellulose as food additive is E461. E464 is hydroxypropylcellulose and more soluble in water. Methyl cellulose, as a gel, has the unique property of setting when hot and melting when cold. Methyl cellulose is used as an ingredient in some meat analogues that are intended to replicate the texture of meat.
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As a sugar substitute, it has approximately 27 kilocalories per teaspoon (sugar has 20) and is 60% as sweet as sucrose. It does not feed the bacteria that form plaques and cause dental cavities. As a food additive, glycerol is labeled as E number E422. It is added to icing (frosting) to prevent it from setting too hard.
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Calcium guanylate is a compound with formula Ca(C10H12O4N5PO4). It is the calcium salt of guanylic acid. It is present in all living cells as part of RNA, and is commercially prepared from yeast extract or fish. As a food additive, it is used as a flavor enhancer, particularly low-salt products and has the E number E629.
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Nisin is used in processed cheese, meats, beverages, etc. during production to extend shelf life by suppressing Gram-positive spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. In foods, it is common to use nisin at levels ranging from ~1-25 ppm, depending on the food type and regulatory approval. As a food additive, nisin has an E number of E234.
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PVP is the basis of the early formulas for hair sprays and hair gels, and still continues to be a component of some. As a food additive, PVP is a stabilizer and has E number E1201. PVPP (crospovidone) is E1202. It is also used in the wine industry as a fining agent for white wine and some beers.
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Fast Yellow AB is an azo dye. It used to be used as a food dye, designated in Europe by the E number E105. It is now delisted in both Europe and USA and is forbidden if used in foods and drinks, as toxicological data has shown it is harmful. E105 has been implicated in non-atopic asthma.
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The number of UPC-A and UPC-E barcodes are limited by the standards used to create them. UPC-A: (10 possible values per left digit ^ 6 left digits) × (10 possible values per right digit ^ 5 right digits) = 100,000,000,000. UPC-E: (10 possible values per digit ^ 6 digits) × (2 possible parity patterns per UPC-E number) = 2,000,000.
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Ponceau 6R, or Crystal ponceau 6R, Crystal scarlet, Brilliant crystal scarlet 6R, Acid Red 44, or C.I. 16250, is a red azo dye. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. It is used as a food dye, with E number E126. It is also used in histology, for staining fibrin with the MSB Trichrome stain.
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Food additives are substances added to food for preserving flavours, or improving taste or appearance. The processes are as old as adding vinegar for pickling or as an emulsifier for emulsion mixtures like mayonnaise. These are generally listed by "E number" in the European Union or GRAS ("generally recognized as safe") by the United States Food and Drug Administration.
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Allura Red AC is a red azo dye that goes by several names, including FD&C; Red 40. It is used as a food dye and has the E number E129. It is usually supplied as its red sodium salt, but can also be used as the calcium and potassium salts. These salts are soluble in water.
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It is used to dye plastics, paints, printing inks, and for textile printing. It is normally used as a standard magenta in the three and four color printing processes. When used as a food dye, it has E number E180. It is used to color cheese rind as well as a component in some lip balms.
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Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) is an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickener used in food products. It is a food additive with E number E405. Chemically, propylene glycol alginate is an ester of alginic acid, which is derived from kelp. Some of the carboxyl groups are esterified with propylene glycol, some are neutralized with an appropriate alkali, and some remain free.
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Japan was the first country that allowed the use of sucrose esters as food additives. The Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare approved sucrose esters in 1959. Then, in 1969, FAO/WHO approved the use of sucrose esters. Sucrose esters were approved and registered by European Food Safety Authority or EFSA under the E number of E 473.
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As a food additive it is used as a preservative under the E number E226. Along with other antioxidant sulfites, it is commonly used in preserving wine, cider, fruit juice, canned fruit and vegetables. Sulfites are strong reducers in solution, they act as oxygen scavenger antioxidants to preserve food, but labeling is required as some individuals might be hypersensitive.
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Stigmasterol - a plant sterol (phytosterol) - is among the most abundant of plant sterols, having a major function to maintain the structure and physiology of cell membranes. In the European Union, it is a food additive listed with E number E499, and may be used in food manufacturing to increase the phytosterol content, potentially lowering the levels of LDL cholesterol.
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As a food additive, gellan gum was first approved for food use in Japan (1988). Gellan gum has subsequently been approved for food, non-food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses by many other countries such as US, Canada, China, Korea and the European Union etc. It is widely used as a thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer. It has E number E418.
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Although there are no reported side effects from taking zeaxanthin supplements, the actual health effects of zeaxanthin and lutein are not proven, and, as of 2018, there is no regulatory approval in the European Union or the United States for health claims about products that contain zeaxanthin. As a food additive, zeaxanthin is a food dye with E number E161h.
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In some European countries, "E number" is sometimes used informally as a pejorative term for artificial food additives, and products may promote themselves as "free of E numbers". This is incorrect, because many components of natural foods have assigned E numbers (and the number is a synonym for the chemical component), e.g. vitamin C (E300) and lycopene (E160d), found in carrots.
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It is listed as an ingredient in root beer and cream soda. The extract of quillaia is used in the manufacture of food additives (E number 999). It is used as a humectant in baked goods, frozen dairy products, and puddings and as a foaming agent in soft drinks. It is also applied in some "natural" spray adjuvant formulations for agriculture.
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Aspartame-acesulfame salt is an artificial sweetener marketed under the name Twinsweet. It is produced by soaking a 2-1 mixture of aspartame and acesulfame potassium in an acidic solution and allowing it to crystallize; moisture and potassium are removed during this process. It is approximately 350 times as sweet as sucrose. It has been given the E number E962.
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As a strong yet stable bleaching agent it also finds use in various hair bleaches and lighteners. Such brief and non-continuous use is normally hazard free, however prolonged contact can cause skin irritation. It has been used as an improving agent for flour with the E number E922, although it is no longer approved for this use within the EU.
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Potassium ascorbate is a compound with formula KC6H7O6. It is the potassium salt of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and a mineral ascorbate. As a food additive, it has E number E303, INS number 303. Although it is not a permitted food additive in the UKUK Food Standards Agency: or the USA, it is approved for use in Australia and New Zealand.
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Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative. Its E number is E331. Sodium citrate is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of club soda. It is common as an ingredient in bratwurst, and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes, contributing a tart flavor.
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Calcium and potassium salts are allowed as well. When used as a food dye, its E number is E151. It is used in food decorations and coatings, desserts, sweets, ice cream, mustard, red fruit jams, soft drinks, flavored milk drinks, fish paste, lumpfish caviar and other foods.Brilliant Black PN concentration limits E151 has been banned in the United States, Switzerland, Japan.
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It is mostly used mixed with other waxes to harden them without raising their melting point. As a food additive, candelilla wax has the E number E 902 and is used as a glazing agent. It also finds use in cosmetic industry, as a component of lip balms and lotion bars. One of its major uses is as a binder for chewing gums.
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The chemical compound name is potassium aluminium silicate, and it is known as E number reference E555. It was the subject in 2018 of a Call for technical and toxicological data from the EFSA. In 2008, it (along with other Aluminum compounds) was the subject of a Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials from the EFSA.
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Calcium bisulfite (calcium bisulphite) is an inorganic compound which is the salt of a calcium cation and a bisulfite anion. It may be prepared by treating lime with an excess of sulfur dioxide and water. As a food additive it is used as a preservative under the E number E227. Calcium bisulfite is an acid salt and behaves like an acid in aqueous solution.
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Rubixanthin, or natural yellow 27, is a natural xanthophyll pigment with a red-orange color found in rose hips. As a food additive it used under the E number E161d as a food coloring; it is not approved for use in the USA or EUUK Food Standards Agency: but is approved in Australia and New ZealandAustralia New Zealand Food Standards Code where it is listed as 161d.
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Cysteine (symbol Cys or C; ) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH. The thiol side chain in cysteine often participates in enzymatic reactions, as a nucleophile. The thiol is susceptible to oxidation to give the disulfide derivative cystine, which serves an important structural role in many proteins. When used as a food additive, it has the E number E920.
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In foods, TBHQ is used as a preservative for unsaturated vegetable oils and many edible animal fats. It does not cause discoloration even in the presence of iron, and does not change flavor or odor of the material to which it is added. It can be combined with other preservatives such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). As a food additive, its E number is E319.
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Brown HT, also called Chocolate Brown HT, Food Brown 3, and C.I. 20285, is a brown synthetic coal tar diazo dye. When used as a food dye, its E number is E155. It is used to substitute cocoa or caramel as a colorant. It is used mainly in chocolate cakes, but also in milk and cheeses, yogurts, jams, fruit products, fish, and other products.
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Calcium diglutamate, sometimes abbreviated CDG and also called calcium glutamate, is a compound with formula Ca(C5H8NO4)2. It is a calcium acid salt of glutamic acid. CDG is a flavor enhancer (E number E623)--it is the calcium analog of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Because the glutamate is the actual flavor-enhancer, CDG has the same flavor-enhancing properties as MSG but without the increased sodium content.
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The process of malolactic fermentation converts malic acid to much milder lactic acid. Malic acid occurs naturally in all fruits and many vegetables, and is generated in fruit metabolism.Malic Acid , Bartek Ingredients (retrieved 2 February 2012) Malic acid, when added to food products, is denoted by E number E296. It is sometimes used with or in place of the less sour citric acid in sour sweets.
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Glucono delta-lactone (GDL), also known as gluconolactone, is a food additive with the E number E575Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers, Food Standards Agency used as a sequestrant, an acidifier, or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent. It is a lactone of -gluconic acid. Pure GDL is a white odorless crystalline powder. GDL has been marketed for use in feta cheese.
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Silica, either colloidal, precipitated, or pyrogenic fumed, is a common additive in food production. It is used primarily as a flow or anti-caking agent in powdered foods such as spices and non-dairy coffee creamer, or powders to be formed into pharmaceutical tablets. It can adsorb water in hygroscopic applications. Colloidal silica is used as a fining agent for wine, beer, and juice, with the E number reference E551.
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Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert- butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. It is prepared from 4-methoxyphenol and isobutylene. It is a waxy solid used as a food additive with the E number E320. The primary use for BHA is as an antioxidant and preservative in food, food packaging, animal feed, cosmetics, rubber, and petroleum products.
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Also, natamycin is approved for various dairy applications in the United States. More specifically, natamycin is commonly used in products such as cream cheeses, cottage cheese, sour cream, yogurt, shredded cheeses, cheese slices, and packaged salad mixes. One of the reasons for food producers to use natamycin is to replace the artificial preservative sorbic acid.Kraft cheese singles ditch artificial preservatives As a food additive, it has E number E235.
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Glucomannan is a food additive used as an emulsifier and thickener with the E number E425(ii).Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers, Food Standards Agency, 26 November 2010 Glucomannan-rich salep powder is responsible for the unique textural properties of salep dondurma, a mastic-flavored stretchable and chewy ice cream of Turkish origin.Ice Cream That’s a Stretch, Harold McGee, The New York Times. 1 August 2007.
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Sucrose acetoisobutyrate (SAIB) is an emulsifier and has E number E444.Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers, Food Standards Agency In the United States, SAIB is categorized as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) as a food additive in cocktail mixers, beer, malt beverages, or wine coolersAgency Response Letter GRAS Notice No. GRN 000104, U.S. Food and Drug Administration and is a potential replacement for brominated vegetable oil.
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Disodium pyrophosphate and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a). In the United States, it is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use. In canned seafood, it is used to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting. Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.
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Calcium tartrate, exactly calcium L-tartrate, is a byproduct of the wine industry, prepared from wine fermentation dregs. It is the calcium salt of L-tartaric acid, an acid most commonly found in grapes. Its solubility decreases with lower temperature, which results in the forming of whitish (in red wine often reddish) crystalline clusters as it precipitates. As E number E354, it finds use as a food preservative and acidity regulator.
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It is used as a food preservative and is represented by the food labeling E number E281 in Europe; it is used primarily as a mold inhibitor in bakery products. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU,UK Food Standards Agency: USAUS Food and Drug Administration: and Australia and New ZealandAustralia New Zealand Food Standards Code (where it is listed by its INS number 281).
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Propylparaben, the n-propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects, although it is manufactured synthetically for use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. It is a member of the class of parabens. It is a preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and bath products. As a food additive, it has the E number E216.
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KCl is used as a fertilizer, in medicine, in scientific applications, and in food processing, where it may be known as E number additive E508. In a few states of the United States, it is used to cause cardiac arrest, as the third drug in the "three drug cocktail" for executions by lethal injection. It occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite, and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite.
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There are two basic grades of carrageenan: refined carrageenan (RC) and semi-refined carrageenan (SRC). In the United States both grades are labeled as carrageenan. In the European Union, refined carrageenan is designated by the E number E-407, and semi- refined carrageenan as E-407a. Refined carrageenan has a 2% maximum for acid insoluble material and is produced through an alcohol precipitation process or potassium chloride gel press process.
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Zinc acetate is a salt with the formula Zn(CH3CO2)2, which commonly occurs as the dihydrate Zn(CH3CO2)2·2H2O. Both the hydrate and the anhydrous forms are colorless solids that are commonly used in chemical synthesis and as dietary supplements. Zinc acetates are prepared by the action of acetic acid on zinc carbonate or zinc metal. When used as a food additive, it has the E number E650.
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Scarlet GN, or C.I. Food Red 1, Ponceau SX, FD&C; Red No. 4, or C.I. 14700 is a red azo dye once used as a food dye. As a food additive, it has the E number E125. It usually used as a disodium salt. In the United States, it is not permitted for use in food or ingested drugs and may only be used in externally applied drugs and cosmetics.
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It is mainly used as an oxidant to enhance the extraction of precious metals from their ores. In its second main application, it is used as a food additive under the E number E930 it is used as flour bleaching agent and improving agent. In agriculture it is used in the presowing treatments of rice seed. Also, calcium peroxide has found use in the aquaculture to oxygenate and disinfect water.
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Patent Blue V, also called Food Blue 5, Sulphan Blue, Acid Blue 3, L-Blau 3, C-Blau 20, Patentblau V, Sky Blue, or C.I. 42051, is a sky blue synthetic triphenylmethane dye used as a food coloring. As a food additive, it has E number E131. It is a sodium or calcium salt of [4-(α-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-5-hydroxy- 2,4-disulfophenylmethylidene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene] diethylammonium hydroxide inner salt.
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Brown FK, also called Kipper Brown, Chocolate Brown FK, and C.I. Food Brown 1, is a brown mixture of six synthetic azo dyes, with addition of sodium chloride, and/or sodium sulfate. It is very soluble in water. When used as a food dye, its E number is E154. It was once used in smoked and cured mackerels and other fish and also in some cooked hams and other meats.
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The most common yellow food coloring in use today is called Tartrazine. It is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye."Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers", Food Standards Agency website. Retrieved 15 December 2011. It is also known as E number E102, C.I. 19140, FD&C; yellow 5, acid yellow 23, food yellow 4, and trisodium 1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-5-pyrazolone-3-carboxylate.
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Corporal E number 4 was launched on 7 June 1949 and was a failure due to guidance failure. It was determined that the guidance system was unreliable. It was determined that the guidance system being developed for the Sergeant missile was sufficiently developed to be used so it replaced the Corporal E’s system. It was also determined that the revised airframe had allowed damage to the control system.
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Hypromellose (INN), short for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), is a semisynthetic, inert, viscoelastic polymer used as eye drops, as well as an excipient and controlled-delivery component in oral medicaments, found in a variety of commercial products. As a food additive, hypromellose is an emulsifier, thickening and suspending agent, and an alternative to animal gelatin.NOSB TAP Review Compiled by OMRI: Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Its Codex Alimentarius code (E number) is E464.
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Chlorophyllin refers to any one of a group of closely related water-soluble salts that are semi-synthetic derivatives of chlorophyll, differing in the identity of the cations associated with the anion. Its most common form is a sodium/copper derivative used as a food additive and in alternative medicine. As a food coloring agent, copper complex chlorophyllin is known as natural green 3 and has the E number E141.
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Sodium acetate may be added to food as a seasoning, sometimes in the form of sodium diacetate, a one-to-one complex of sodium acetate and acetic acid, given the E-number E262. It is often used to give potato chips a salt and vinegar flavor. Sodium acetate (anhydrous) is widely used as a shelf-life extending agent, pH control agent It is safe to eat at low concentration.
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There are two basic grades of carrageenan, refined carrageenan (RC) and semi-refined carrageenan (SRC). In the United States, RC and SRC are both labeled as carrageenan. In the European Union, RC is designated by the E number E-407, and SRC is E-407a. RC has a 2% maximum for acid-insoluble material and is produced through an alcohol precipitation process or potassium chloride gel press process.
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An inhibitor of alpha-amylase, called phaseolamin, has been tested as a potential diet aid. When used as a food additive, amylase has E number E1100, and may be derived from pig pancreas or mold fungi. Bacilliary amylase is also used in clothing and dishwasher detergents to dissolve starches from fabrics and dishes. Factory workers who work with amylase for any of the above uses are at increased risk of occupational asthma.
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Sodium bisulfite (or sodium bisulphite, sodium hydrogen sulfite) is a chemical mixture with the approximate chemical formula NaHSO3. Sodium bisulfite in fact is not a real compound, but a mixture of salts that dissolve in water to give solutions composed of sodium and bisulfite ions. It is a white solid with an odour of sulfur dioxide. Regardless of its ill-defined nature, "sodium bisulfite" is a food additive with E number E222.
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Synthetic chlorophyll is registered as a food additive colorant, and its E number is E140. Chefs use chlorophyll to color a variety of foods and beverages green, such as pasta and spirits. Absinthe gains its green color naturally from the chlorophyll introduced through the large variety of herbs used in its production. Chlorophyll is not soluble in water, and it is first mixed with a small quantity of vegetable oil to obtain the desired solution.
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Effects on the vascular system and human brain include headaches and lethargy, but are less frequent. In severe cases, a "beefy" red rash affecting the palms, soles, buttocks and scrotum has occurred. Due to concerns about the toxicity of borax which was withdrawn as a cleaning and laundry product, sodium sesquicarbonate is sold in the European Union (EU) as "Borax substitute". It is also known as one of the E number food additives E500.
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Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is produced when quicklime (calcium oxide) is mixed, or slaked with water. It has many names including hydrated lime, caustic lime, builders' lime, slack lime, cal, or pickling lime. Calcium hydroxide is used in many applications, including food preparation, where it has been identified as E number E526.
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The calcium sulfate hydrates are used as a coagulant in products such as tofu. For the FDA, it is permitted in Cheese and Related Cheese Products; Cereal Flours; Bakery Products; Frozen Desserts; Artificial Sweeteners for Jelly & Preserves; Condiment Vegetables; and Condiment Tomatoes and some candies. It is known in the E number series as E516, and the FAO knows it as a firming agent, a flour treatment agent, a sequestrant, and a leavening agent.
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Betanin, or Beetroot Red, is a red glycosidic food dye obtained from beets; its aglycone, obtained by hydrolyzing away the glucose molecule, is betanidin. As a food additive, its E number is E162. The color of betanin depends on pH; between four and five it is bright bluish-red, becoming blue-violet as the pH increases. Once the pH reaches alkaline levels betanin degrades by hydrolysis, resulting in a yellow-brown color.
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In 2002, FDA approved it as a non-nutritive sweetener and flavor enhancer within United States in foods generally, except meat and poultry. In 2010, it was approved for use in foods within EU with the E number E961. It has also been approved as an additive in many other countries outside US and EU. Its metabolism is fast and it does not retain in the body. Methanol forms in its metabolism.
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Sunset Yellow FCF (also known as Orange Yellow S, or C.I. 15985) is a petroleum-derived orange azo dye with a pH dependent maximum absorption at about 480 nm at pH 1 and 443 nm at pH 13 with a shoulder at 500 nm. When added to foods sold in the United States it is known as FD&C; Yellow 6; when sold in Europe, it is denoted by E Number E110.
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Orange GGN, also known as alpha-naphthol orange, is an azo dye formerly used as a food dye. It is the disodium salt of 1-(m-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid. In Europe, it was denoted by the E Number E111, but has been forbidden for use in foods since 1 January 1978.EU directive 76/399/EEC It has never been included in the food additives list of the Codex Alimentarius.
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Ethyl methyl cellulose is a thickener, vegetable gum, foaming agent and emulsifier. Its E number is E465.Methyl Ethyl Cellulose, monograph prepared at the 17th JECFA (1973), published in FNP 4 (1978) and in FNP 52 (1992) Chemically, it is a derivative of cellulose with ethyl and methyl groups attached by ether linkages. It can be prepared by treatment of cellulose with dimethyl sulfate and ethyl chloride in the presence of an alkali.
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The E181 was regarded by Leyland as an interim power unit, a stop-gap until a better power-plant came on-stream, thus the initial post war Leyland lorry so powered was called the "Interim Beaver". The definitive power-plant for full-size post war Leylands began to be fitted to Beavers, Octopuses, Steers, Hippos etc. from 1946. Leyland at this time stopped using the E-number system for engines (at least externally).
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The country is mountainous with a high proportion of tunnels, there are 220 totaling , which is over 12% of the total motorway length. In Australia, motorway numbering varies from state to state. Currently most states are adopting numbering systems with the prefix M for motorways. In Belgium, motorways but also some dual carriageways have numbers preceded by an A. However, those that also have an E-number are generally referenced with that one.
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Food- grade whipped-cream chargers The gas is approved for use as a food additive (E number: E942), specifically as an aerosol spray propellant. Its most common uses in this context are in aerosol whipped cream canisters and cooking sprays. The gas is extremely soluble in fatty compounds. In aerosol whipped cream, it is dissolved in the fatty cream until it leaves the can, when it becomes gaseous and thus creates foam.
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INS numbers consist of three or four digits, optionally followed by an alphabetical suffix to further characterize individual additives. On packaging in the European Union (EU), approved food additives are written with a prefix of E. Australia and New Zealand do not use a prefix letter when listing additives in the ingredients. An additive that appears in the INS does not automatically have a corresponding E number. INS numbers are assigned by the committee to identify each food additive.
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This malolactic fermentation is undertaken by lactic acid bacteria. While not normally found in significant quantities in fruit, lactic acid is the primary organic acid in akebia fruit, making up 2.12% of the juice. As a food additive it is approved for use in the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand; it is listed by its INS number 270 or as E number E270. Lactic acid is used as a food preservative, curing agent, and flavoring agent.
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Gum guaicum, or guaiac resin, is a substance produced from the tree species Guaiacum officinale. It is registered as food additive: as a preservative under the E number E241, and as an antioxidant under E314. Guaiac resin is also used medically for the stool guaiac test. Chemically, it is mixture of approximately 70% alpha- and beta-guaiaconic acids, 10% guaiaretic acid, 15% guaiac beta-resin, and small quantities of other chemical compounds such as guaiac yellow and vanillin.
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Calcium silicate is used as an anticaking agent in food preparation, including table salt and as an antacid. It is approved by the United Nations' FAO and WHO bodies as a safe food additive in a large variety of products. Codex General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) Online Database, FAO/WHO Food Standards Codex alimentarius, published by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations / World Health Organization, 2013. It has the E number reference E552.
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Anoxomer is a food additive with E number E323. It is a non-digestible polymeric antioxidant. It was designed to allow the introduction of established antioxidants in a non-absorbable manner in order to avoid potential health risk associated with their digestion.Thomas E. Furia, CRC Handbook of Food Additives, Volume II, 1980, Anoxomer is prepared by condensation polymerization of divinylbenzene and a mixture of antioxidant monomers including tert-butylhydroquinone, tert-butylphenol, hydroxyanisole, p-cresol and 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol.
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Fumaric acid has been used as a food acidulant since 1946. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU,UK Food Standards Agency: USAUS Food and Drug Administration: and Australia and New Zealand.Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code As a food additive, it is used as an acidity regulator and can be denoted by the E number E297. It is generally used in beverages and baking powders for which requirements are placed on purity.
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As a food additive, it has the E number E301 and is used as an antioxidant and an acidity regulator. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU,UK Food Standards Agency: USA,US Food and Drug Administration: and Australia and New Zealand.Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code In in vitro studies, sodium ascorbate has been found to produce cytotoxic effects in various malignant cell lines, which include melanoma cells that are particularly susceptible.
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Fast Green FCF, also called Food green 3, FD&C; Green No. 3, Green 1724, Solid Green FCF, and C.I. 42053, is a turquoise triarylmethane food dye. Its E number is E143. Fast Green FCF is recommended as a replacement of Light Green SF yellowish in Masson's trichrome, as its color is more brilliant and less likely to fade. It is used as a quantitative stain for histones at alkaline pH after acid extraction of DNA.
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Powdered citric acid being used to prepare lemon pepper seasoning Because it is one of the stronger edible acids, the dominant use of citric acid is as a flavoring and preservative in food and beverages, especially soft drinks and candies. Within the European Union it is denoted by E number E330. Citrate salts of various metals are used to deliver those minerals in a biologically available form in many dietary supplements. Citric acid has 247 kcal per 100 g.
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It is known as E number reference E626. Guanosine monophosphate in the form of its salts, such as disodium guanylate (E627), dipotassium guanylate (E628) and calcium guanylate (E629), are food additives used as flavor enhancers to provide the umami taste. It is often used in synergy with disodium inosinate; the combination is known as disodium 5'-ribonucleotides. Disodium guanylate is often found in instant noodles, potato chips and snacks, savoury rice, tinned vegetables, cured meats, and packet soup.
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The average intake of calcium chloride as food additives has been estimated to be 160–345 mg/day.Calcium Chloride SIDS Initial Assessment Profile, UNEP Publications, SIAM 15, Boston, 22–25 October 2002, pp. 13–14. Calcium chloride is permitted as a food additive in the European Union for use as a sequestrant and firming agent with the E number E509. It is considered as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
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Calcium benzoate refers to the calcium salt of benzoic acid. When used in the food industry as a preservative, its E number is E213 (INS number 213); it is approved for use as a food additive in the EU,UK Food Standards Agency: USA and Australia and New Zealand.Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code The formulas and structures of calcium carboxylate derivatives of calcium and related metals are complex. Generally the coordination number is eight and the carboxylates form Ca-O bonds.
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Carbon dioxide bubbles in a soft drink. Carbon dioxide is a food additive used as a propellant and acidity regulator in the food industry. It is approved for usage in the EUUK Food Standards Agency: (listed as E number E290), USUS Food and Drug Administration: and Australia and New ZealandAustralia New Zealand Food Standards Code (listed by its INS number 290). A candy called Pop Rocks is pressurized with carbon dioxide gas at about 4 × 106 Pa (40 bar, 580 psi).
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The presence of this polysaccharide also facilitates diffusion of molecules both into and out of the cell. As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, the chief commercial use of pullulan is in the manufacture of edible films that are used in various breath freshener or oral hygiene products such as Listerine Cool Mint of Johnson and Johnson (USA) and Meltz Super Thin Mints of Avery Bio-Tech Private Ltd. (India). As a food additive, it is known by the E number E1204.
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As a food additive, sodium lactate has the E number E325 and is naturally a liquid product, but also is available in powder form. It acts as a preservative, acidity regulator, and bulking agent. Sodium lactate is sometimes used in shampoo products and other similar items such as liquid soaps, as it is an effective humectant and moisturizer. Sodium lactate is used to treat arrhythmias caused by overdosing of class I antiarrythmics, as well as pressor sympathomimetics which can cause hypertension.
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Acesulfame potassium ( ), also known as acesulfame K (K is the symbol for potassium) or Ace K, is a calorie-free sugar substitute (artificial sweetener) often marketed under the trade names Sunett and Sweet One. In the European Union, it is known under the E number (additive code) E950. It was discovered accidentally in 1967 by German chemist Karl Clauss at Hoechst AG (now Nutrinova). In chemical structure, acesulfame potassium is the potassium salt of 6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide.
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Sorbitol is a sugar substitute, and when used in food it has the INS number and E number 420. Sorbitol is about 60% as sweet as sucrose (table sugar).Sugar substitute Sorbitol is referred to as a nutritive sweetener because it provides dietary energy: 2.6 kilocalories (11 kilojoules) per gram versus the average 4 kilocalories (17 kilojoules) for carbohydrates. It is often used in diet foods (including diet drinks and ice cream), mints, cough syrups, and sugar-free chewing gum.
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The xanthophyll cycle Violaxanthin is a natural xanthophyll pigment with an orange color found in a variety of plants including pansies. It is biosynthesized from zeaxanthin by epoxidation. As a food additive it is used under the E number E161e as a food coloring; it is not approved for use in the EUUK Food Standards Agency: or USA however is approved in Australia and New ZealandAustralia New Zealand Food Standards Code (where it is listed under its INS number 161e).
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Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, the sodium salt of propylparaben, a compound with formula Na(C3H7(C6H4COO)O), is also used similarly as a food additive and as an anti- fungal preservation agent. Its E number is E217. In 2010 the European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety stated that it considered the use of butylparaben and propylparaben as preservatives in finished cosmetic products as safe to the consumer, as long as the sum of their individual concentrations does not exceed 0.19%.
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Sodium nitrate is also a food additive used as a preservative and color fixative in cured meats and poultry; it is listed under its INS number 251 or E number E251. It is approved for use in the EU,UK Food Standards Agency: USUS Food and Drug Administration: and Australia and New Zealand.Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code Sodium nitrate should not be confused with sodium nitrite, which is also a common food additive and preservative used, for example, in deli meats.
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Gold leaf (as well as other metal leaf such as vark) is sometimes used to decorate food or drink, typically to promote a perception of luxury and high value; however, it is flavorless. It is occasionally found in desserts and confectionery, including chocolates, honey and mithai. In India it may be used effectively as a garnish, with thin sheets placed on a main dish, especially on festive occasions. When used as an additive to food, gold has the E-number E175.
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Glycerol ester of wood rosin, also known as glyceryl abietate or ester gum, is an oil-soluble food additive (E number E445). The food-grade material is used in foods, beverages, and cosmetics to keep oils in suspension in water,WHO Food Additives Series 35: 836. Glycerol ester of wood rosin and its name may be shortened in the ingredient list as glycerol ester of rosin. It is also used as an ingredient in the production of chewing-gum and ice cream.
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Brilliant Blue FCF (Blue 1) is a synthetic organic compound used primarily as a blue colorant for processed foods, medications, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. It is classified as a triarylmethane dye and is known under various names, such as FD&C; Blue No. 1 or Acid Blue 9. It is denoted by E number E133 and has a color index of 42090. It has the appearance of a blue powder and is soluble in water and glycerol, with a maximum absorption at about 628 nanometers.
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The chemical formula of canthaxanthin is C40H52O2.Opinion on the use of canthaxanthin in feedingstuffs for salmon ... It was first isolated in edible mushrooms. It has also been found in green algae, bacteria, crustaceans, and bioaccumulates in fish such as carp, golden mullet, seabream and trush wrasse. Canthaxanthin is associated with E number E161g and is approved for use as a food coloring agent in different countries, including the United States and the EU; however, it is not approved for use in Australia and New Zealand.
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In the US, sodium aluminum sulfate is combined with sodium bicarbonate and monocalcium phosphate in typical formulations of double acting baking powder.Otto Helmboldt, L. Keith Hudson, Chanakya Misra, Karl Wefers, Wolfgang Heck, Hans Stark, Max Danner, Norbert Rösch "Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Sodium alum is also used as an acidity regulator in food, with E number E521. Sodium alum is also a common mordant for the preparation of hematoxylin solutions for staining cell nuclei in histopathology.
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Sodium bisulfate is used as a food additive to leaven cake mixes (make them rise) as well as being used in meat and poultry processing and most recently in browning prevention of fresh- cut produce. Sodium bisulfate is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA. The food-grade product also meets the requirements set out in the Food Chemicals Codex. It is denoted by E number E514ii in the EU and is also approved for use in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Mexico.
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Bottle with E605 Parathion was developed by Gerhard Schrader for the German trust IG Farben in the 1940s. After World War II and the collapse of IG Farben due to the war crime trials, the Western allies seized the patent, and parathion was marketed worldwide by different companies and under different brand names. The most common German brand was E605 (banned in Germany after 2002); this was not a food-additive "E number" as used in the EU today. "E" stands for Entwicklungsnummer (German for "development number").
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Indigo carmine, or 5,5′-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt, is an organic salt derived from indigo by sulfonation, which renders the compound soluble in water. It is approved for use as a food colorant in the U.S and E.U.Summary of Color Additives for Use in United States in Foods, Drugs, Cosmetics, and Medical Devices, United States Food and Drug AdministrationCurrent EU approved additives and their E Numbers, Food Standards Agency, 26 November 2010 It has the E number E132. It is also a pH indicator.
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Eddington's own life-time E-number was 84.Physics World (Institute of Physics) July 2012 page 15 The Eddington number for cycling is analogous to the h-index that quantifies both the actual scientific productivity and the apparent scientific impact of a scientist. The Eddington Number for cycling involves units of both distance and time. The significance of E is tied to its units. For example, in cycling an E of 62 miles means a cyclist has covered 62 miles at least 62 times.
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SHMP is used as a sequestrant and has applications within a wide variety of industries, including as a food additive in which it is used under the E number E452i. Sodium carbonate is sometimes added to SHMP to raise the pH to 8.0–8.6, which produces a number of SHMP products used for water softening and detergents. A significant use for sodium hexametaphosphate is as a deflocculant in the production of clay-based ceramic particles.The Role Of Sodium Hexametaphosphate In The Dissolution Process Of Kaolinite And KaolinF.
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It is typically labelled on food packages as "color", "tartrazine", or "E102". In the United States, because of concerns about possible health problems related to intolerance to tartrazine, its presence must be declared on food and drug product labels.CFR 74.1705, 21 CFR 201.20 Another popular synthetic yellow coloring is Sunset Yellow FCF (also known as orange yellow S, FD&C; yellow 6 and C.I. 15985) It is manufactured from aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum. When added to foods sold in Europe, it is denoted by E number E110.
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Ascorbyl palmitate is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating a fat-soluble form of vitamin C. In addition to its use as a source of vitamin C, it is also used as an antioxidant food additive (E number E304). It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU,UK Food Standards Agency: the U.S.,US Food and Drug Administration: Canada,Health Canada: Australia, and New Zealand.Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code Ascorbyl palmitate is also marketed as "vitamin C ester".
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Chemically, beeswax consists mainly of esters of fatty acids and various long-chain alcohols. Beeswax has been used since prehistory as the first plastic, as a lubricant and waterproofing agent, in lost wax casting of metals and glass, as a polish for wood and leather, for making candles, as an ingredient in cosmetics and as an artistic medium in encaustic painting. Beeswax is edible, having similar negligible toxicity to plant waxes, and is approved for food use in most countries and in the European Union under the E number E901.
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Indanthrone blue, also called indanthrene, is an organic dye made from 2-aminoanthraquinone treated with potassium hydroxide in the presence of a potassium salt. It is a pigment that can be used in the following mediums: acrylic, alkalyd, casein, encaustic, fresco, gouache, linseed oil, tempera, pastel, and watercolor painting. It is used to dye unmordanted cotton and as a pigment in quality paints and enamels. As a food dye, it has E number E130, but it is not approved for use in either the United States or the European Union.
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Borax, given the E number E285, is used as a food additive, but is banned in some countries, including the United States, China, and Thailand. As a consequence, certain foods, such as caviar, produced for sale in the United States contain higher levels of salt to assist preservation. In addition to its use as a preservative, borax imparts a firm, rubbery texture to food. In China, borax ( or ) has been found in foods including wheat and rice noodles named; lamian, shahe fen, kway teow, and chee cheong fun.
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Other metal impurities such as copper, chromium, magnesium, and zinc form granular precipitates. However, depending on the degree of polymerization, ammonium polyphosphate can act as a chelating agent to keep certain metal ions dissolved in solution. Ammonium polyphosphate is used as a food additive, emulsifier, (E number: E545) and as a fertilizer. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is also used as a flame retardant in many applications such as paints and coatings, and in a variety of polymers: the most important ones are polyolefins, and particularly polypropylene, where APP is part of intumescent systems.
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The ferry route Helsingborg–Helsingør is part of E47 according to the UN definition, and signposted so in Denmark, but the ferry is not signposted with any road number in Sweden. The ferry was part of E4 until 1992, but was signposted so for several further years in Sweden. The Danish E-roads have no other national numbers (the national number is the same as the E-number, here 47, but only the E-sign is posted). Between Helsingborg and Eskilstrup on the island of Falster, 160 km, the E47 shares road with the E55.
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Astaxanthin is not converted to vitamin A in the human body so it is completely nontoxic if given orally. Astaxanthin can also be used as a dietary supplement intended for human, animal, and aquaculture consumption. The industrial production of astaxanthin comes from plant- or animal-based and synthetic sources. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved astaxanthin as a food coloring (or color additive) for specific uses in animal and fish foods. See Note 1. The European Commission considers it food dye and it is given the E number E161j.
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Food orange 7, the ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid, is a carotenoid with an orange-red color. It is found in small quantities in some plants, but is often produced commercially from apocarotenal (E160e).E160f, food-info.net It is used as a food coloring under the E number E160f and is approved for use in the EUUK Food Standards Agency: and Australia and New Zealand Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code where it is listed as food additive 160f; it is banned in the United States.
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Rhodoxanthin is a xanthophyll pigment with a purple color that is found in small quantities in a variety of plants including Taxus baccata and Lonicera morrowii. It is also found in the feathers of some birds. As a food additive it is used under the E number E161f as a food coloring. It is not approved for use in the EUUK Food Standards Agency: or US; however, it is approved in Australia and New ZealandAustralia New Zealand Food Standards Code (where it is listed under its INS number 161f).
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Disodium inosinate Disodium guanylate Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides, E number E635, is a flavor enhancer which is synergistic with glutamates in creating the taste of umami. It is a mixture of disodium inosinate (IMP) and disodium guanylate (GMP) and is often used where a food already contains natural glutamates (as in meat extract) or added monosodium glutamate (MSG). It is primarily used in flavored noodles, snack foods, chips, crackers, sauces and fast foods. It is produced by combining the sodium salts of the natural compounds guanylic acid (E626) and inosinic acid (E630).
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Colby cheese colored with annatto Annatto is used currently to impart a yellow or orange color to many industrialized and semi-industrialized foods, including cheese, ice cream, bakery products, desserts, fruit fillings, yogurt, beverages, butter, oils, margarines, processed cheese, and fat-based products. In the European Union, it is identified by the E number E160b. Annatto has been a traditional colorant for Gloucester cheese since the 16th century. During the summer, the high levels of carotene in the grass would have given the milk an orange tint which was carried through into the cheese.
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Potassium benzoate (E212), the potassium salt of benzoic acid, is a food preservative that inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria. It works best in low-pH products, below 4.5, where it exists as benzoic acid. Acidic foods and beverages such as fruit juice (citric acid), sparkling drinks (carbonic acid), soft drinks (phosphoric acid), and pickles (vinegar) may be preserved with potassium benzoate. It is approved for use in most countries including Canada, the U.S., and the EU, where it is designated by the E number E212.
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The Stephen reduction The Stephen reduction is less used today, because it has been mostly superseded by diisobutylaluminium hydride reduction. Additionally, SnCl2 is used to selectively reduce aromatic nitro groups to anilines. Aromatic nitro group reduction using SnCl2 SnCl2 also reduces quinones to hydroquinones. Stannous chloride is also added as a food additive with E number E512 to some canned and bottled foods, where it serves as a color-retention agent and antioxidant. SnCl2 is used in radionuclide angiography to reduce the radioactive agent technetium-99m-pertechnetate to assist in binding to blood cells.
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Sodium bisulphate is used as a food additive to leaven cake mixes (make them rise) as well as being used in meat and poultry processing and most recently in browning prevention of fresh-cut produce. The food-grade product meets the requirements set out in the Food Chemicals Codex. It is denoted by E number E514ii in the EU and is approved for use in Australia and New Zealand where it is listed as additive 514. Food-grade sodium bisulfate is used in a variety of food products, including beverages, dressings, sauces, and fillings.
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Food grade mineral oil has an E number of E905a, although it has not been approved in food products in the European Union, and incidental amounts in foods are carefully regulated.Science Daily - Mineral Oil Contamination In Humans: A Health Problem? Because of its properties that prevent water absorption, combined with its lack of flavor and odor, food grade mineral oil is a popular preservative for wooden cutting boards, salad bowls, and utensils. Rubbing a small amount of mineral oil into a wooden kitchen item periodically, will impede absorption of food liquids, and thereby food odors, and ease cleaning.
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As a food additive it has E number E416. Gum karaya can be obtained from the tree Sterculia urens. It is a valuable substance and is traditionally tapped by cutting or peeling back the bark, or by making deep gashes at the base of the trunk with an axe. These crude methods of extraction often resulted in the death of the tree, but it has been found that application of the plant growth regulator ethephon stimulates the production of gum, and when used in carefully controlled amounts, increases gum yield and enhances healing of the wounds and survival of the tree.
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Given this figure, it would take over to kill a person weighing , so it may be safely included in many foods, especially sour-tasting sweets. As a food additive, tartaric acid is used as an antioxidant with E number E334; tartrates are other additives serving as antioxidants or emulsifiers. When cream of tartar is added to water, a suspension results which serves to clean copper coins very well, as the tartrate solution can dissolve the layer of copper(II) oxide present on the surface of the coin. The resulting copper(II)-tartrate complex is easily soluble in water.
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Disodium guanylate, also known as sodium 5'-guanylate and disodium 5'-guanylate, is a natural sodium salt of the flavor enhancing nucleotide guanosine monophosphate (GMP). Disodium guanylate is a food additive with the E number E627.E627 : Sodium guanylate It is commonly used in conjunction with glutamic acid. As it is a fairly expensive additive, it is not used independently of glutamic acid; if disodium guanylate is present in a list of ingredients but MSG does not appear to be, it is likely that glutamic acid is provided as part of another ingredient such as a processed soy protein complex.
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It is still used to make ammonia cookies and other crisp baked goods, but its popularity has waned because of ammonia's off-putting smell and concerns over its use as a food ingredient compared to modern-day baking powder formulations. It has been assigned E number E527 for use as a food additive in the European Union. Aqueous ammonia is used as an acidity regulator to bring down the acid levels in food. It is classified in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when using the food grade version.
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It is an artificial chemical compound, commonly used as a food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518. It is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, where it is used as a humectant, a plasticizer, and as a solvent. The plasticizing capabilities of triacetin have been utilized in the synthesis of a biodegradable phospholipid gel system for the dissemination of the cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX). In the study, triacetin was combined with PTX, ethanol, a phospholipid and a medium chain triglyceride to form a gel-drug complex.
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It is known as one of the E number food additives E500. The prefix bi in bicarbonate comes from an outdated naming system and is based on the observation that there is twice as much carbonate (CO3) per sodium in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as there is in sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). The modern chemical formulas of these compounds express their precise chemical compositions (which were unknown when the names sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were coined) as sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). These names are unambiguous since sodium always has the +1 oxidation state and carbonate the −2 oxidation state.
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Tartrazine is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye primarily used as a food coloring.Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers, Food Standards Agency website, retrieved 15 Dec 2011 It is also known as E number E102, C.I. 19140, FD&C; Yellow 5, Acid Yellow 23, Food Yellow 4, and trisodium 1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-5-pyrazolone-3-carboxylate). Tartrazine is a commonly used color all over the world, mainly for yellow, and can also be used with Brilliant Blue FCF (FD&C; Blue 1, E133) or Green S (E142) to produce various green shades.
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Quinoline Yellow is used as a greenish yellow food additive in certain countries, designated in Europe as the E number E104."Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers", Food Standards Agency website, retrieved 15 Dec 2011 In the EU and Australia, Quinoline Yellow is permitted in beverages and is used in foods, like sauces, decorations, and coatings; Quinoline Yellow is not listed as a permitted food additive in Canada or the US, where it is permitted in medicines and cosmetics and is known as D&C; Yellow 10. The Codex Alimentarius does not list it.
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In Leiden, an old pole is still situated along Straatweg 4 (Haagweg), signaling 16 km from The Hague. Signposting highway route numbers on road signs started in 1957, when the European E-road numbers and the complementing National N-road numbers were introduced in the Netherlands. But in 1976 it was decided to signpost the Rijksweg numbers instead, abolishing the N-road numbers, and also displaying them on roads with an E-number, in order to consistently cover the whole network. The name 'Rijksstraatweg' or the suffix '-straatweg' is still often found on local street names, e.g.
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As a food additive, it is listed as E number 282 in the Codex Alimentarius. Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including but not limited to: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products. Codex Alimentarius data for calcium propanoate In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement.Center for Food and Nutrition Policy review of use of calcium propanoate as an organic agent in cow feed and as milk fever prevention Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need, like benzoates do.
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CMC is used in food under the E number E466 or E469 (when it is enzymatically hydrolyzed) as a viscosity modifier or thickener, and to stabilize emulsions in various products including ice cream. It is also a constituent of many non-food products, such as toothpaste, laxatives, diet pills, water-based paints, detergents, textile sizing, reusable heat packs, and various paper products. It is used primarily because it has high viscosity, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be hypoallergenic as the major source fiber is either softwood pulp or cotton linter. CMC is used extensively in gluten free and reduced fat food products.
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Xanthan gum was discovered by Allene Rosalind Jeanes and her research team at the United States Department of Agriculture, and brought into commercial production by CP Kelco under the trade name Kelzan in the early 1960s.Whistler, Roy, L, and BeMiller, James N., eds Industrial Gums: Polysaccharides and their Derivatives Academic Press (1973) . It was approved for use in foods in 1968 and is accepted as a safe food additive in the USA, Canada, European countries, and many other countries, with E number E415, and CAS number 11138-66-2. Xanthan gum derives its name from the species of bacteria used during the fermentation process, Xanthomonas campestris.
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It is also used to replace the natural wax of the apple, which is removed during the cleaning process. When used for this purpose, it has the food additive E number E904. Shellac coating applied with either a standard or modified Huon-Stuehrer nozzle, can be economically micro- sprayed onto various smooth sweets, such as chocolate coated peanuts. Irregularities on the surface of the product being sprayed typically result in the formation of unsightly aggregates ("lac-aggs") which precludes the use of this technique on foods such as walnuts or raisins (however, chocolate-coated raisins being smooth surfaced, are able to be sprayed successfully using a modified Huon-Stuehrer nozzle).
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Carnauba wax Carnauba (; ), also called Brazil wax and palm wax, is a wax of the leaves of the carnauba palm Copernicia prunifera (Synonym: Copernicia cerifera), a plant native to and grown only in the northeastern Brazilian states of Piauí, Ceará, Maranhão, Bahia, and Rio Grande do Norte. It is known as "queen of waxes" and in its pure state, usually comes in the form of hard yellow-brown flakes. It is obtained from the leaves of the carnauba palm by collecting and drying them, beating them to loosen the wax, then refining and bleaching the wax. As a food additive, its E number is E903.
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"Tongue Tied" received mixed reviews from critics. Robert Cooke of Drowned in Sound said that the song's "bloated synth sounds like the soundtrack to an advert for some E number-riddled sweets written by Katy Perry, while the almost-rapping in the middle-eight sounds like a Pussycat Dolls pastiche". Matt Edsall of PopMatters said that the song "pumps Passion Pit-like beats that push the band into that same electro-pop category that so many other projects are involved in today, ruining the tone of the album a mere five minutes in". Max Raymond of musicOMH said that the song was a "potential summer smash but too sugar-coated in synths".
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It then breaks down into small amounts of methanol and carbon dioxide, which are both natural constituents of fruit and vegetable juices. The EU Scientific Committee on Food, the FDA in the United States and the JECFA of the WHO have confirmed the safe use in beverages. The FDA approved its use in wines in 1988, with the maximum level being permitted set at 200 mg/L, and only if there were fewer than 500 yeast cells/mL at time of dosage.US Food and Drug Administration: It is also approved in the EU, where it is listed under E number E242,UK Food Standards Agency: as well as Australia and New Zealand.
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Compared to baking soda or potash, hartshorn has the advantage of producing more gas for the same amount of agent, and of not leaving any salty or soapy taste in the finished product, as it completely decomposes into water and gaseous products that evaporate during baking. It cannot be used for moist, bulky baked goods however, such as normal bread or cakes, since some ammonia will be trapped inside and will cause an unpleasant taste. It has been assigned E number E503 for use as a food additive in the European Union. It is commonly used as an inexpensive nitrogen fertilizer in China, but is now being phased out in favor of urea for quality and stability.
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By 1912 Wagstaff was appointed captain of Huddersfield, aged 19. He captained Huddersfield at in their 2–8 loss against Wakefield Trinity in the 1910 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1910–11 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 3 December 1910, played right-, i,e, number 3, and scored a try in the 22–10 victory over Hull Kingston Rovers in the 1911 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1911–12 season at Belle Vue, Wakefield on Saturday 25 November 1911, In 1914 Wagstaff was made captain of Great Britain, a post held during that year's tour of Australia and New Zealand. He was captain in the famous 'Rorke's Drift' match on 4 July 1914. Wagstaff and played right-, i.e.
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Students are admitted to high school either after 4th grade (finishing German elementary school), or, having finished a Greek elementary school, after 6th grade; the latter are required to sit written and possibly oral entry examinations focused on (German) language competence. Lessons are held in both Greek and German (apart from foreign-language lessons English and French) for all students. However, instead of a one-size-fits-all model or splitting into sections, the school offers different "language profiles" for different students, allowing students to choose between curricula with a low (1), medium (2) or high (E) number of lessons taught in Greek. Those choosing the latter (E), will still have the option of sitting Panhellenic (Greek university entry) examinations.
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Dr. Djuliati Suroyo (professor of the Undip Semarang Faculty of Literature), Dr. Wasino, M.Hum (Unnes Postgraduate lecturer) H. Moenadi (Kendal Community Leader with moderator Dr. Singgih Tri Sulistiyono. And after a comprehensive study and assessment agreed and concluded that the momentum of Bahurekso's appointment as Kendal Regent was used as the starting point for the day so the appointment coincides on 12 Rabiul Awal 1014 H or 28 July 1605. The date is exactly Thursday Legi Friday night pahing 1527 Saka. Determination of the anniversary is then determined through the Kendal Regency Regional Regulation (PERDA) Number 20 of 2006, concerning the Determination of the Day So Kendal Regency (Local Gazette number 20 of 2006 Series E number 15) Kendal history is also found in the library of Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.
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A route marker identifying both the (Belgian) A2 and the European E314 Roads often have two or more numbers. This can happen where two highway designations run concurrently, or share the same piece of road for part of their route or when the same road is numbered by two different authorities. Certain road authories prefer to only display a single route identifier on their roads, but others display both route identifiers on their roads. A common example of roads numbering by different authorities is the numbering of the European routes—all such routes have local numbers in addition to the "E number" allocated by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), though is some cases, such as Sweden, the local route numbers have been changed to match the "E" numbers.
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Following the compulsory EU-food labeling law the use of glutamic acid and its salts has to be declared, and the name or E number of the salt has to be listed. Glutamic acid and its salts as food additives have the following E numbers: glutamic acid: E620, monosodium glutamate: E621, monopotassium glutamate: E622, calcium diglutamate: E623, monoammonium glutamate: E624, and magnesium diglutamate: E625. In the European Union, these substances are regarded as "flavor enhancers" and are not allowed to be added to milk, emulsified fat and oil, pasta, cocoa/chocolate products and fruit juice. The EU has not yet published an official NOAEL (no observable adverse effect level) for glutamate, but a 2006 consensus statement of a group of German experts drawing from animal studies was that a daily intake of glutamic acid of 6 grams per kilogram of body weight (6 g/kg/day) is safe.
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A few languages like AppleScript incorporate placeholders in the exception handler syntax to automatically extract several pieces of information when the exception occurs. This approach is exemplified below by the `on error` construct from AppleScript: try set myNumber to myNumber / 0 on error e number n from f to t partial result pr if ( e = "Can't divide by zero" ) then display dialog "You must not do that" end try David Watt's 2004 textbook also analyzes exception handling in the framework of sequencers (introduced in this article in the section on early exits from loops). Watt notes that an abnormal situation, generally exemplified with arithmetic overflows or input/output failures like file not found, is a kind of error that "is detected in some low-level program unit, but [for which] a handler is more naturally located in a high-level program unit". For example, a program might contain several calls to read files, but the action to perform when a file is not found depends on the meaning (purpose) of the file in question to the program and thus a handling routine for this abnormal situation cannot be located in low-level system code.
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Noun+ verb fok gaux place sleep "睡的地方，a place for sleeping" fok hlau place fight "阵地，a place for fighting" daty bheny bird fly "飞的鸟，(a) flying bird(s)" blong kuishuix house/room meet "会议室，a room for meeting" blong roengx tax house/room cook rice "厨房，a room for cooking (kitchen)" d. Noun+ pronoun pashlaus hou older brother my "我的哥哥，my older brother" hwoek meuu heart your "你的心，your heart" veengs na shirt/blouse his/her "他的衣服，his/her shirt/blouse" caqias veengzauus script self "自己的文字，our (own) script" veengs neix shirt/top this "这衣服，this shirt/top" blongs hauux house that "那房子，that house" bhous max village that "那村庄，that village" e. Number + classifier + Noun (the head word) The modifier, which is constructed with a number and classifier, must be placed before the head word, e.g., fus zuen aeudza three classifier old man "三位老人，three old men" hlaus hom dzuuem two classifier egg "两个鸡蛋，two eggs" ba kuuengx cai five classifier tree "五棵树，five trees" caus fan veengs four classifier shirt/blouse "四件衣服，four shirts/blouses" f.
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