As such, there has been no shortage of discourse of late about how autocracies and de facto autocracies are on the rise.
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Lastly, China's digital expansion is empowering autocracies and undermining democracies.
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Unlike other Arab autocracies, the state and the leader were inseparable.
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More to the point, how will they shape the region's autocracies?
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Of those still living in autocracies, some 90% are in China.
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This phenomenon can be seen most clearly in autocracies and fledgling democracies.
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"In autocracies, a death signals a coup or civil war," Bardach said.
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The background: Brazil and the Philippines were both autocracies in the mid-1980s.
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But the media is a special target for autocracies and waning democracies everywhere.
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All of which is clearly laying the cultural groundwork for the autocracies to come.
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That is why we don't see high-income autocracies outside the oil-producing states.
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Why you'll hear about this again: Investing in autocracies is part of modern capitalism.
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Autocracies are equally vulnerable in durable disorder and there are unique strategies to subvert them.
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Kyrgyzstan itself used to be the democratic flower of Central Asia, surrounded by hulking autocracies.
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Right and left, democracies and autocracies, all are harking back to the glories of yesteryear.
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This predatory nature of government is not just a problem for autocracies, but also democracies.
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In autocracies, rulers espouse it to distract people from their lack of freedom and, sometimes, food.
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But in Mr Trump's administration, as in the autocracies he praises, only one voice really counts.
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The only countries where Marx's ideas took hold were backward autocracies such as Russia and China.
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Where prosperity does make a difference is in determining whether autocracies lean on carrot or stick.
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Unfortunately, like the United Nations, Interpol is numerically dominated by autocracies, dictatorships, the corrupt and the incompetent.
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Autocracies such as the Soviet Union and North Korea rely on rigid protocols and strict organizational structure.
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Today, autocracies have entered the arena again, exporting their ideas and methods — even to the United States.
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Other Arab autocracies, such as Saudi Arabia, are giving the junta money and encouragement not to back down.
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AMONG Latin America's handful of autocracies, that of Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua once stood out for its stability.
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Fast forward to today, and look at how some of the world's autocracies have seen their revenues rise.
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Menacing autocracies, illiberal ideas, and antidemocratic and terrorist movements will not just leave us alone or wither away.
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Russia, China, Iran, Egypt, Turkey, the Philippines, North Korea, Venezuela, Cuba, Syria — all are autocracies, all are unfree.
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In the contest between democracies and autocracies, the contest between freedom and unfreedom, Ukraine is the front line.
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They described AI as an enabler for autocracies like Russia and China and a potential threat for democracies.
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A habit of elections, it seems, may also make it more difficult for authoritarians to consolidate their autocracies.
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Some signatories were anti-Western autocracies which can be relied upon to rally round anyone that the West criticises.
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The countries most prone to wars appear to be neither autocracies nor full democracies, but rather countries in between.
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One study found that among countries with similar luminosity, autocracies reported GDP growth 15-30% higher than democracies did.
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You note that the number of autocracies around the world is decreasing while the opposite is true of democracies.
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They also argue that there is no evidence to date "that democracy advances in autocracies that expand the internet".
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In actual autocracies, like Russia, that some fear Trump is moving us toward, the courts are feeble and subservient.
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China, they said, was proving that unchecked autocracies had an advantage in managing the economy, particularly in a crisis.
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It's one that afflicts the many personalist autocracies around the world, including powerful countries like Egypt and (increasingly) China.
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There's been a series of examples in the past two decades or so of democracies sliding toward personalist autocracies.
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As long as autocracies like China and Russia are seen as successful rising powers, countries will gravitate toward them.
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Interpol's goals of safety and security were supposed to transcend national boundaries and bring together democracies and autocracies alike.
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One happy story that no longer provides much cheer is the idea that open societies will always outpace lumbering autocracies.
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In a world where democracies have been fraying and autocracies rising, a democratic win in Venezuela would have outsized significance.
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My research suggests that compared with democracies, autocracies generate far more unstable growth, and that's the risk in China now.
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What props up the autocracies of Xi Jinping in China, Vladimir Putin in Russia and others is state-controlled media.
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"If current trends persist, authoritarianism will soon become the most common way that democracies crumble and autocracies emerge," she added.
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That's the kind of thing we normally see in autocracies like Egypt or Turkey, not here in the United States.
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Angry over Al Jazeera's coverage, Netanyahu's government is now moving to close the news channel — as have many other Arab autocracies.
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Does this mean that the West needs to loosen its democratic rules, norms and values to withstand the challenge from autocracies?
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Belarus and Azerbaijan are autocracies whose elections are shams; in Ukraine and Moldova, the political system is dominated by wealthy oligarchs.
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With the system so well re-designed, the party has no need to stoop to voter fraud, as cruder autocracies do.
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Even at a time when flat decision-making structures are fashionable in business, some companies are successfully run as Springsteen-style autocracies.
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Our elections have been essential to distinguishing our country from autocracies, dictatorships, and monarchies where democratic power has been checked or stifled.
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And there's no guarantee the US media will solve it any better than the media did in all those newly minted autocracies.
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In autocracies, citizens have no interest in openly discussing problems or experimenting with solutions, lest they end up in jail or worse.
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Surrounded by autocracies, the mostly Muslim nation of 6 million is a parliamentary republic where two previous presidents have been toppled by protests.
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The censorship, media consolidation, and propaganda that had propped up Soviet-era autocracies would simply be inoperable in the age of the internet.
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If we think it's bad for US tech companies to build censorship tools for autocracies, we could write a law making it illegal.
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The lifeblood of autocracies is the glorification of a mythical past and the designation of enemies who stand in the way of greatness.
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In many autocracies, the regime would have rigged the vote, preventing the growing dissent from metastasizing into a public defeat for the incumbent.
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It also would strengthen democracy by checking one of the techniques employed by autocracies such as Russia and Iran to expand their global reach.
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There are still far too many people living in autocracies; however, it is invigorating to see that the relative percentage is on the decline.
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Speaking at the United Nations Correspondents Association Awards, Clooney said that Trump has had a "chilling effect" worldwide by emboldening autocracies to punish journalists.
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But we have to remember that this is happening in what you might call hybrid states — these were never full democracies or full autocracies.
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It was certainly a product of both – but democracies will struggle more in a contest with autocracies if they produce less comparative prosperity over time.
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As a result, the global trend for democracies — the other categories being partial or complete autocracies — does not look positive, as the following chart shows.
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On a list of 36 countries that have been whipsawed between rapid growth and recession throughout the postwar era, three out of four were autocracies.
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But this paradox is perhaps explained by the fact that both Doran and Bardran work for think tanks that have deep ties to Arab autocracies.
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The Kremlin, led by Putin, wants to enable economic dependence on Russia and also wants to have unstable democracies or friendly autocracies they can manipulate.
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By 2022, Mounk and Foa wrote, more than 1.5 billion people will be living in economically mature autocracies, up from about 34 million in 1995.
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More and more it appears that Donald Trump and his minions get their inspiration from the autocracies that Mr. Trump seems to aspire to emulate.
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The documents detail potential malfeasance in democracies, autocracies and dictatorships alike, and powerful people around the world are no doubt breaking out in a cold sweat.
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As such, the outcome of this contest will be an indication of whether democracies or autocracies will be the dominant forces that will shape the future.
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Both China and North Korea dream of a world where autocracies can bully their neighbors while the international community turns a blind eye to domestic oppression.
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Citizens of democratic countries tend to divide the political world into two big categories: democracies like the US or Canada and autocracies like Russia and Egypt.
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The point is that when it comes to dealing with Trump and his team, autocracies have an advantage over democracies that follow the rule of law.
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Such policies are a feature of autocracies; where the entitlements of the people include real political power, as they do in functioning democracies, they are normally untenable.
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But elements of China's model of surveillance will surely inspire other autocracies—from Russia to Rwanda to Turkey—to which the necessary hardware will happily be sold.
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"An entirely new economy is what this region needs," he said, especially for the millions of unemployed young men living under corrupt autocracies and tempted by extremism.
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Because Saudi Arabia and other Arab autocracies are not democracies, their policies do not necessarily reflect the will of their own people, who remain strongly pro-Palestinian.
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The lesson here is that although rigid autocracies often like to advertise themselves as a regrettable but necessary way to ensure stability, they're actually drivers of instability.
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The world's largest international police organization is supposed to be a force for safety and security — one that transcends national boundaries and brings together democracies and autocracies.
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These are the precise policies that would disembowel the kinds of regimes still exploiting modern kleptocratic mechanisms, including nominal "leftist" autocracies like those in Havana or Caracas.
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The question of how democracies persuade autocracies to play by their rules is not new, but the attack in Salisbury is bringing it to a head again.
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Commentators, comparing these activists to the US peace protesters of 1968, praised the effort as a democratic dawn for an area that had long been populated by autocracies.
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That principle distinguishes liberal democracies based on the rule of law from autocracies in countries like Egypt, Russia and Venezuela — or from crumbling democracies in places like Hungary.
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Regardless if some voters choose not to participate, if they doubt that elections were fair and the results were correct, democracy is weakened, and autocracies like Russia benefit.
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Liberals also used to believe that autocracies might be capable of one-off bursts of innovation, like Sputnik, but could not produce technical progress reliably, year in year out.
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First, autocracies' fundamental weaknesses and inflexibility will continue to make them fragile and prone to regular, popular attempts to stretch individual freedoms beyond what their government systems can sustain.
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Because the Kremlin, like other autocracies clinging to power in Tehran and Beijing, has made major efforts to censor and control inconvenient facts before they can reach their citizens.
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Indeed, just-enough economic growth is so easy that it usually takes a political calamity to create the sort of economic failure needed to embolden dissenters in violent autocracies.
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AUTOCRACIES: "I won't back down" Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers were formed in 1976 by five musicians from Gainesville, Florida, who had moved to Los Angeles in search of stardom.
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In democracies and autocracies alike, there is concern that the next round of industrial mechanization may cost jobs and undermine living standards, without any clear international strategy to mitigate that.
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It listed 57 countries, from European democracies to Central Asian autocracies, which had bought telecom infrastructure, AI surveillance tools, or attended or hosted trainings by Chinese censors and propaganda operatives.
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Autocracies such as China and Russia can be important ad hoc partners for single projects; the United States, however, must remain the strategic partner for a democratic and European Germany.
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A methodical attack on the institutions of Western democracies has one ultimate objective: their replacement with the "soft" autocracies of which President Vladimir Putin of Russia is the supreme exponent.
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Early on, in addressing the developing world, he seemed to understand the need to promote human rights, equality, and democratic reform without pushing benign autocracies to the point of collapse.
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It realigned US foreign policy following the Obama administration, gathering Saudi Arabia and other Arab autocracies in the Gulf and in Egypt and the right-wing government in Israel close.
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Over the next eight years, Israel has solidified its position as one of the world's most technologically innovative countries, a bastion of democracy surrounded by an ocean of autocracies or theocracies.
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The leaders of autocracies are threatened by the very notion that their people should be free to choose their own leaders and hold them accountable through regular, free and fair elections.
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The index measures political regimes on a spectrum from +10 for full democracies to -2003 for full autocracies; regimes that fall somewhere in the middle of this spectrum are called anocracies.
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While it is true that autocracies have an easier time imposing draconian measures on large populations, it is also undeniable that open societies are better at preventing the emergence of pandemics.
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In this, Morocco is like other autocracies in the region: However much they may claim to act as a bulwark against extremism, they rarely if ever work to expand personal freedoms.
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The two mighty autocracies on the EU's flanks, Russia and Turkey, have both been hammered by economic weakness and the growing unpopularity of their leaders, Vladimir Putin and Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
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Many of the Arab autocracies have been propped up by Saudi largesse, including Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Sudan, and Djibouti, all of whom have signed on rhetorically to Riyadh's crusade against Iran's rulers.
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One reason, research suggests, is that global political shifts have created increased expectations of democratic accountability — even in autocracies — at the same time that authoritarianism is on the rise around the world.
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Hungary in 2018 has the trappings and institutions of a 21st-century European democracy, but uses them to exert the same kind of centralized control as the autocracies of the Cold War.
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Still, the current alternative — a United States that says, "I don't care about what autocracies do to their people, as long as they serve my interests" — is really bad for the world.
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More than 100 of the countries tracked by Freedom House have shown a decline in freedom since then (some 60 saw gains), as democracies have grown more xenophobic and autocracies more repressive.
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The explosions outside Damascus and in the vicinity of Homs were a reminder to dictators and autocracies that the United States and its allies will take action if international norms are grossly violated.
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Azerbaijan is celebrated by the West as the sole Muslim-majority democracy in Eurasia, rubbing the hostile autocracies in the area and the Middle East, including the theocratic Iranian regime next door, wrong way.
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And the new resolution, although nonbinding, is their latest attempt to get the House on the record affirming Congress's commitment to liberal democracies — like those composing the NATO alliance — above hostile autocracies like Putin's Russia.
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Gilead is far more barbarous than all but a few contemporary societies, but it's vulnerable in a way that modern populist autocracies are not, because even if women have little power in Gilead, truth does.
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Not only has the government in Baku never overseen a free or fair election, but it even released presidential election results before the actual vote took place—a feat few, if any, autocracies elsewhere have attempted.
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Young, intelligent and bubbling with ideas to make France more open, dynamic and fiscally sober, he gave an eloquent rebuttal to the drawbridge-up nostalgia of Brexit Britain, Donald Trump's America and the autocracies of eastern Europe.
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We've seen a consolidation of personal power in several of the world's most powerful autocracies, including China, Russia, Egypt, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, alongside democratic erosion in previously healthy democracies like Hungary, Poland and the United States.
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What's been broadly reported by now is that global democratic freedoms are in their 20th year of decline, a result both of surging autocracies like Russia and China, fraying freedoms in liberal democracies and Western complacency about both.
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Rather than being islands of stability governed by firm leadership, autocracies are inherently unstable because of limited political participation, social oppression and economic inequality that diminish the welfare of the citizens of those states and threaten world peace.
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American lawmakers who value our international alliances, and do not want to see Trump replace them with a new foreign policy based on ties with Putin's Russia and other corrupt autocracies, must do all in their power to resist.
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When lying is normalized, the sort of cynicism found in autocracies like Vladimir Putin's Russia takes hold — people begin to assume that all politicians lie, that all knowledge is relative, that there is no point in voting or protest.
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Through this work, the U.S. has helped the former Eastern bloc transition from one-party rule to representative governments in just over two decades, and is working today to bring autocracies such as Burma and Tunisia into the community of democracies.
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While the world's autocracies loom as a threat, the real threat to our welfare and to world peace is how we deal in the democracies with the erosion of basic civil liberties and the rise of domestic social and economic inequality.
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Throughout the 19th century, the golden age of the bourgeoisie, the middle classes in most parts of the world lived in autocracies — among the few exceptions were Britain and the United States — and didn't always struggle for more political freedom.
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Yet in a region dominated by autocracies and rampant with organized crime, Kazakhstan is better than most, said Louise Shelley, director of the Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center at George Mason University, and an expert in Russia and Eastern Europe.
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In part, the West's newfound desire to distance itself from China reflects an erosion of the old and complacent belief that free societies have such an edge when it comes to innovation and creativity that they will invariably stay ahead of autocracies.
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Leaders such as Julius Nyerere of Tanzania and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana led the way in arguing that new states needed to put national unity ahead of multi-party democracy, often imposing one-party systems of government that swiftly turned into bullying autocracies.
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Even in autocracies, political trends in recent decades have "increased citizen expectations that governments should be accountable to their people in meaningful ways," two democracy experts, Thomas Carothers and Richard Youngs, wrote in a 2015 report for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
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The popular uprisings of 2011 failed in Syria, but they also failed almost everywhere else in the Middle East, leaving Syria, Libya and Yemen to be ravaged by ceaseless warfare and producing even more repressive autocracies than before in Egypt and Bahrain.
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The very freedoms and liberties that liberal Western democracies cherish and that autocracies fear have been exploited by Russian intelligence services not only to collect sensitive information but also to distribute propaganda and disinformation, increasingly via the growing number of social media platforms.
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All of this means that the United States has no business being on a body that uniquely condemns one of its strongest allies and serves to bolster and defend autocracies, dictatorships, monocracies and regimes that massacre and repress their own people and others.
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As she wrote in the The New York Review of Books two days after the election, Gessen has lived in autocracies most of her life and spent much of her career covering Russian President Vladimir Putin—the world leader Trump seems to admire the most.
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" And she's convinced that one of his first steps toward achieving it will be to gut to free press: "Many journalists," she predicts, "may soon face a dilemma long familiar to those of us who have worked under autocracies: fall in line or forfeit access.
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For Gulf states, it is a matter of cold, strategic self-interest — American power is not just useful for them, but perhaps necessary for propping up their own regimes, which are often anachronistic autocracies and enjoy far more regional power than they would otherwise.
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Senior members of Ms Tsai's government joke that having no formal relations with America is an advantage, since Mr Trump, who sometimes seems to prefer autocracies to democracies and who seeks an elusive trade deal with China, is less likely to notice the thickening of ties.
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There are more refugees in the world today than at any time since the World War II. Waves of desperate men, women and children are fleeing gang violence and corrupt autocracies in Central America and Venezuela in hopes of finding safe haven in the United States.
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" During another stop he argues that liberal democracies gain an edge over autocracies by educating and giving the power of initiative to non-commissioned officers—the sergeants and senior enlisted troops who wield real clout in America's armed forces—creating flexible units that adapt to the "chaos of combat.
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Hence the friendship with Vladimir V. Putin, who in return gets a Trojan horse in the E.U. DAVID DOROSZ, BUDAPEST To the Editor: The European Union never envisioned its members reverting to right-wing autocracies and has no procedures, short of revoking voting rights, to address this trend.
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After all, other white nationalists trying to do what Trump is trying to do — subvert the rule of law and convert their nations from democracies on paper to one-party autocracies in practice — have solidified their grasp on power by delivering at least a bit on their populist promises.
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Tough love for Israel, more conditional friendships with Saudi Arabia and other Arab autocracies and a gradual reduction in the isolation of Iran are, in my view, the only path over time to a new, stable order in a Middle East where our strategic priorities have changed with energy independence.
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While liberal democracy seemed to be ascendant 30 years ago with the fall of the Berlin Wall, ethno-nationalist autocracies have been on the rise this decade, with Russia and China leading a backlash to globalization that offers tribal pride at the expense of pluralism and promises wealth without liberty.
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If hyper-partisan polarization is enough to make senators forget their oaths and even their own power as a co-equal branch of government, they will be setting a dangerous precedent that takes aim at the heart of our democracy at a time when autocracies are on the rise around the world.
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" Given that nearly all of our peer nations have done away with the death penalty and that most of the nations executing people as enthusiastically as we do are oppressive autocracies -- Saudi Arabia, China, Iran and Pakistan -- it's hard to argue that execution is not, in a democratic nation ostensibly committed to human rights norms, "unusual.
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This approach signals to the region's autocracies that every case of repression — whether the victims be high-profile individuals, masses of everyday citizens, or even Americans — are manageable exceptions, singular matters to be addressed within the narrower context of a country's own domestic environment and evaluated in the context of the country's bi-lateral relationship with the United States.
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It took a gamble and put its money on the wave of rising grassroots insurgencies against autocracies in the Middle East, whether by sending its tiny air fleet to join NATO operations backing rebels against Libyan dictator Muammar Qaddafi or by actively supporting the Muslim Brotherhood's political aspirations in Egypt after the fall of Egyptian strongman Hosni Mubarak in 2011.
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His logic was straightforward in that he saw that the closest allies of the United States are all democracies, free people do not make war on each other, and the prosperity seeded by transparent and accountable politics is far superior to anything autocracies can offer, which is why every high income economy in the world that is not sitting on oil riches is a democracy.
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