They used fires widely to work the land into agriculture.
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How would a permanently crippled farmer continue to work the land?
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There are also indigenous communities and people who work the land.
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Will they return to the villages they left and work the land?
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Regulatory relief will allow us to work the land without bureaucratic meddling.
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In Druhástrana, peasants work the land for unnamed, callous owners who always demand more.
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That wasn't the case in 1870, when sprawling families were there to work the land.
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Nature both gives and takes away and gives again as the Chesters work the land.
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He was struggling to see, and he couldn't drive or work the land he loved.
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Many of them come from rural communities, where they could work the land and feed themselves.
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My boyfriend Mark (nicknamed Earth) moved to a queer community in Tennessee to work the land.
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Instead of doing a landscape, I did a portrait of the guys who work the land.
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He said he preferred to remain in Bíran to work the land and live as a farmer.
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There [in Sola de Vega], the normal thing to do was to work the land or cattle.
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"There are no big, external investors like in Montalcino or Chianti — owners work the land themselves," he said.
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Farmers cleared virgin jungle and expected to work the land thereafter themselves, said Maw Maw Oo's father, Lu Than.
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They couldn't work the land because they didn't know how and because the land was almost impossible to cultivate.
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"They work the land they still have, this is how most of the people support their family," Ms. Robakidze said.
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But most, he said, had sent their children northward and stayed on to work the land, hoping coffee prices would recover.
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In one work, "The Land Beyond the Sea," Ireland is modeled in relief, adrift in the whiteness of the gallery wall.
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Jed has never wanted anything other than to work the land, though he's certainly never felt comfortable being gay in Blandford, Mass.
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However, DESA owns the concession for 50 years, Zúniga says, meaning the company has the exclusive right to work the land until 2059.
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A new cooperative program offers training, financing and several acres to anyone who will uproot themselves to work the land in rural areas.
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Compounding his problems is that he is illiterate because, as a farmer's son, he was expected to stay home to work the land.
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Most people in the village do what's expected of them: They marry, work the land and have children to whom they can leave it.
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The government, Ariel said, should have taken action earlier to try to convince Jordan to extend the deal and let the farmers work the land.
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For example, it might be "fady" to hold a funeral on a certain day or work the land on another, or eat a particular food.
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Earlier this year, The Times ran a piece about a boarding school whose students grow their own food, heat their own showers and work the land.
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The cooperative persuaded the department of public works to allow its farmers to work the land, with promises of financial help and full ownership once they reached commercial viability.
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We see no hint of these, though, as we watch María (María Mercedes Coroy), a young Maya woman, and her parents work the land and care for their livestock.
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He said they might want to use the money for microloans to start businesses, like shops, hairdressers or tailors, or for buying cattle or tools to work the land.
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"There is a scarcity of culturally-relevant, accessible farmer training programs to meet the demand of folks of color who want to work the land with dignity," said Leah Penniman, Soulfire's co-founder.
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Its leader, Dice, gives her a new name and she embraces asceticism, learning to herd sheep and work the land, and thinking with pity of her mother, back in their tchotchke-filled house.
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The early morning physical labor you see Ree's family doing on the show is not put on for the cameras—it's their livelihood, and all four of their children have been raised to work the land.
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They live simple, ascetic lives and work the land for sustenance, but they also leave bottles of their own blood sitting outside their rooms at night, and talk reverently about the sea making decisions for them.
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Among the cowboys and ranch hands who work the land for meager salaries, feelings about the fires are mixed, with some adamantly opposed to the practice, while others experience them as a necessary evil to stay employed.
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Under the 1994 Jordan-Israel peace treaty the enclave, made up of two territories straddling the border, was recognized as being under Jordanian sovereignty but with special provisions allowing Israeli farmers to work the land without visas.
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Linying county, in China's agricultural heartland, responded by establishing what officials called a "land bank"—a government-run intermediary between farming households and investors who want to take over farmers' contracts and work the land on a bigger and more efficient scale.
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It was after leafing through some college guidebooks, however, that he stumbled upon Deep Springs—a tiny ranch school in California at which 30 or fewer students live in isolation and work the land as part of a free two-year educational program.
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The child of a family of transmigrasi — settlers from crowded parts of Indonesia who were given government incentives to work the land in remote places like Sarolangun — Mr. Rahmat said he grew up not certain whether the Orang Rimba were human or not.
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But David Hull, who operates Snow Farm with his wife, Apple, also rents rooms to guests who want the opportunity to live in a cabin, work the land and benefit from the fruits of their labor, with the freedom to relax when they please.
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Eventually you can unlock multiple little farms here and there and bribe some of them with food so they'll work the land on your behalf, but for the most part the only difference between a person and a fencepost is their idle animation and a line of absolutely generic game tip dialogue.
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"I wanted to convey the idea that the people eating potatoes by the light of an oil lamp used the same hands with which they take food from the plate to work the land, that they have toiled with their hands – that they have earned their food by honest means," Van Gogh wrote to his brother, Theo, about the painting now on display at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam.
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It is told from the perspectives of a number of people — black and white, male and female — to show how racism manifested in the South post-World War II. The plot is propelled forward by two veterans, Jamie McAllan, a white man, and Ronsel Jackson, whose parents are sharecroppers and live on the McAllan farm, who return from war to work the land and strike an unlikely friendship.
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The experiment only lasted a few years, but at one point consisted of 200 participants, mostly Italian migrants with urban labour backgrounds who had difficulties learning to work the land.
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He abolished the encomienda system whereby natives were forced to work the land for the crown, an act reinforced by royal decree in 1791. He was made lieutenant-general in 1794.
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While the Kenyans work the land, they live under oppressive conditions and under constant threat of violence. The Mau Mau rebellion seeks to rid the land of the British colonizers and give the country back to Kenyans.
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In 1997, 22 percent of households produced burley leaf. By 2004, however, only 13 percent of growers did. The costs of owning land and having the labor to work the land are restrictive to small landowners.Kulik et al.
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Kellett was by all accounts industrious - "born to work the land", in the words of a co- worker - and now he could climb again, too: Torlundy is seven kilometres north of Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the UK.
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Argenthal is one of the bigger centres in the Hunsrück in which only a few people still work the land. Most of the municipality's inhabitants earn livelihoods as blue- or white-collar workers, officials, handcrafters, business operators and soldiers.
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Behind the Hopper-Van Horn House a family graveyard. In 2012 Ramapo College adjunct professor Jeff Williamson excavated another gravesite further back in the woods that he believed to contain the unmarked graves of slaves and freedmen that used to work the land.
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Robert Emmett Cantwell (January 31, 1908 – December 8, 1978), known as Robert Cantwell, was a novelist and critic. His most notable work, The Land of Plenty, focuses on a lumber mill in a thinly disguised version of his hometown in Washington state.
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Yet many of the community's old ways persisted. At Magnolia, workers and planters still enjoyed baseball games and horse races, and celebrated Juneteenth. The last black family left the plantation in 1968. The Hertzog family contracted with an agricultural company to work the land.
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A Cascina a corte is a courtyard building whose arrangement is based on the Roman villa found in the Po Valley of northern Italy. A house called in Italy is a type of farmhouse where the residents work the land but do not own the farm.
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The Iroij control land tenure, resource use and distribution, and settle disputes. The Alap supervise land maintenance and daily activities. The Rijerbal work the land including farming, cleaning, and construction. The Marshallese society is matrilineal and land is passed down from generation to generation through the mother.
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Besides agriculture, there were formerly also in Lohnweiler the customary craft occupations. Attempts to mine coal within Lohnweiler's limits were unsuccessful. On the Lauter once stood a gristmill and an oilmill. Only a few operations actually work the land nowadays, and the old craft occupations are gone.
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Quang Nhuong Huynh (August 22, 1946—2001) was a Vietnamese-born American author. He wrote two books, and has received several awards for his autobiographical work The Land I Lost. Huynh is credited as being the first Vietnamese author to write fiction and non-fiction in English.
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Dobry was published in 1934. It tells the story of a young peasant boy who longs to be a sculptor. Dobry's father is dead, and his mother wants him to work the land. His grandfather, however, supports his dream and encourages him to follow his dreams.
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The Dülmen is the only native pony breed in Germany, now that the Senner pony of the Teutoburg Forest is extinct. They make good children's ponies and adapt well to domesticated life. They are good for driving in harness, and often used to work the land.
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The Iroij control land tenure, resource use and distribution, and settle disputes. The Alap supervise land maintenance and daily activities. The Dri-jerbal work the land including farming, cleaning, and construction. The Marshallese society is matrilineal and land is passed down from generation to generation through the mother.
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Now, as Nathan nears fifty, he has no sons left to work the land. He suffers from rheumatism and debilitating fevers. Rukmani and Ira try to help, but they are not strong enough. Ira has a baby to care for, an albino boy conceived in prostitution but loved nonetheless.
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This principle was designed to weaken opposition to the Crown. Frequently, it punished innocent members of the traitor's family. This was not popular. There was a saying from Kent: "Father to the bough, son to the plough" (the father hanged for treason, the son continues to work the land).
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The senchléithe (hereditary serf) was bound to work the land of his master, whereas the fuidir had no independent status nor land of his own, but could at least leave as he might desire.Kelly 1988, p. 11 Others might be of less than full status, based on age or origin.
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WPC's Initiative on Agriculture, its newest research arm, puts the knowledge and experience of those who work the land at the center of agriculture policy by using free-market incentives and local solutions. This new Initiative encourages policymakers to reduce the burden of excessive and unproductive regulation on family farmers and taxpayers.
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Jabez King, a Massachusetts native who had lived in Woodstock for 20 years, purchased the farm from Williams, and four generations of his family would work the land. The farmstead is not only significant for the survival of some of its oldest buildings, but also for the diversity of structures, exemplifying the changes in agricultural and architectural trends. Hiram Udall King, a grandson who made is name in education (founding the King School in Stamford, Connecticut), bought out shares of his siblings and mother in the farm in 1887, transforming it into gentleman's farm and summer retreat. In the early 20th century he added additional living quarters for hands hired to work the land, and added buildings for use by its summer residents and visitors.
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Wilberforce as a free black colony faded into history. Peter Butler, an early Wilberforce settler who arrived around 1840. By the end of the 20th century only Butler's family had descendants still in the area of the Wilberforce Colony village. A small number of blacks stayed on to work the land through subsequent generations.
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Village selectors were expected to live on their selections and could work on the roads. Free selectors were unable to work on the roads, but could keep their existing jobs and work the land. South Sassafras (Kallista) was open to free selectors. The Post Office opened around 1902 and was known as South Sassafras until 1925.
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The area that is now Westphalia was settled by German Catholics in the 1870s. The community's founder, Herman Schwarte, envisioned a peaceful village where Germans could work the land, be self-sufficient and help one another. The community would be centered on their own church. The Emil Flusche home was the location of the first Catholic Mass.
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Cornhill, formerly known as Corn Hill, is a community in Kings County near the villages of Havelock and Petitcodiac in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The first settlers of Cornhill were loyalists mainly from the United Kingdom. These settlers would work the land and make way for future generations of Cornhill families. Cornhill was originally called "The Ridge".
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They live in rural areas, are poor, and work the land for a living. They believe in Vodou so practice common law marriage, sometimes even polygamy, and generally speak only Creole. Isolated from the outside world, these poor farmers are illiterate and uneducated. Most noticeably, they are (for the most part) darker in skin tone than the elite.
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The street names come from her work. Clemens Crossing is named after American author Mark Twain, otherwise known as Samuel Clemens, and the street names come from Clemens' work. The land surrounding Sierra Villas Condominiums and Barnside Condominiums in Clary's Forest originally belonged to the Kahler family farm. The farm's silo remains in the condominium property.
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Hella Kürty (1900–1954) was a German actress and singer. An operetta performer, she originated the role of Mi in Franz Lehar's 1929 work The Land of Smiles alongside Richard Tauber. The following year she appeared in a film version of the operetta. Of Jewish background, she was forced to emigrate from Germany following the Nazi takeover in 1933.
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They had officers and priests and used horses to work the land. He spoke a few words of their language which Vérendrye recognized as Spanish. The Bow People were also familiar with the destruction of the Villasur expedition twenty years before. The Bow People were marching toward the "great mountains near the sea" in order to fight the Snake People.
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The types of livestock at the end of the 19th century testified to the hardness of farming and livelihoods. There were few horses and oxen were used to work the land (19 horses and 14 oxen). Mules were preferred to work sloping land and light soils. A few years later the fair, which was held in Barles the Monday following May 16, disappeared.
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Ben Shemen youth village, 1920s-30s The village was established in 1927 on the land of the Hadid factory by Siegfried Lehman. Its aim was to endow children with a Zionist ethic, teach them to work the land, and install an appreciation of responsibility. The school's first students were from Kaunas in Lithuania. In 1947, it had a population of roughly 1,000.
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From available records, the area started to be populated around 17th century by people from other areas around Songkla Lake, Chinese immigrants, and Muslims from both Malay Peninsula and Persia. Until recently, villagers had been self-sufficient in producing and consuming within the village. Now, they are part of the urban and world economies. Villagers no longer work the land for a living.
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This practice was used frequently by landowners in the South after slavery was abolished. Modern day tenancy is much more highly regulated and these practices are less common. A "tenant" or non-landowner will take residency on the property of the landowner and work the land in exchange for giving the landowner a percentage of the profits from the eventual crop.
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While in earlier times farming was the main means whereby villagers could earn a living, today very few work the land. Other occupations in earlier times lay in forestry and mining. Within Hefersweiler's municipal limits were two collieries, the Jakobsgrube and the Heinrichsgrube, which together employed about 10 workers in the 19th century. For a time, there was also a limestone quarry.
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As a first settler family in the area, is conceptualized to Cafferata, who arrived in 1861, leasing the land where the battle of 1853 took place, which were kept as souvenirs weapons and ammunition found to work the land. At the time of opening the school No. 12 were locals families: Cavassa, Raceeto, Ferro, Merlo, Sabarot, Candela, Medina, Cafferata, Gosso, Vexina and Guisulpo.
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Halfbreeds and "squaw men" (A white man with an Indian wife) were banished from the Sioux reservation. To receive the government rations, the Indians had to work the land. Reluctantly, on September 20, the Indian leaders, whose people were starving, agreed to the committee's demands and signed the agreement. During the Great Sioux War, Grant came into conflict with Col.
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In addition to agricultural uses, he briefly operated a brickmaking operation on the property in the 1810s, but apparently ended the effort due to inferior clay, taken from the streambed on the property. His son continued to work the land until 1885, when it was sold out of the family. The farm was in active use, generally as a diversified operation with multiple products, through about 1974.
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At the age of eleven René began to work in the watch factory after school. Due to financial difficulties, the family decided to emigrate to Canada, and landed in Quebec City in 1909. At first they stayed in Montreal. René Richard went on to Edmonton, Alberta, in 1910 with his father and brothers, and then to Cold Lake, Alberta, where they began to work the land.
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Although the peasants had been allowed to work the land they held, the production surplus was bought by the state (on the state's terms), the peasants cut production; whereupon food was requisitioned. Money gradually came to be replaced by barter and a system of coupons. When the war ended, the NEP took over from War Communism. During this time, the state had controlled all large enterprises (i.e.
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Halfbreeds and "squaw men" (A white man with an Indian wife) were banished from the Sioux reservation. To receive the government rations, the Indians had to work the land. Reluctantly, on September 20, the Indian leaders, whose people were starving, agreed to the committee's demands and signed the agreement.Gray (1976), pp. 260–263 During the Great Sioux War, Grant came into conflict with Col.
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The Palestinian owners of the land must rely on Israeli permission to access their land. Permission is only granted to the property owner, often elderly people, leaving them unable to hire help to work the land. Beit Ijza village profile, 2012, ARIJ, pp. 16-17 One family in Beit Ijza lives with walls on all sides of its property due to extensive land expropriations by Israel.
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Without tools to work the land and seeds to plant it, without an affordable credit system available to purchase these necessary things, the land was useless to them. They soon sold their deeds back to the large landowners and left for the cities. Seeing this, Vinoba altered the Boodan system to a Gramdan or Village gift system. All donated land was subsequently held by the village itself.
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In 1810 the de Solages family established the Compagnie des Mines et Verreries de Carmaux to exploit the mines and glassworks. There was a boom in demand for coal to fuel metal foundries for the manufacture of weapons during the Napoleonic Wars. There were 100 miners at that time, of whom half worked underground, but they still had to work the land to support themselves.
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Under the Confucian class system (the four occupations) the scholar-official was at the top with farmers, artisans, and merchants below them in descending order. Since the next highest class was agricultural, scholar-officials retired to landed estates. They did not work the land themselves but hired peasants as tenant farmers. In this period of Chinese history, peasants were actually of a higher class than the merchants.
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The Spanish profession name labrador comes from the verb labrar ("to till", "to plow" or, in a broader sense, "to work the land"). Hence, to refer to him as simply a "laborer" is a poor translation of the Spanish labrador as it makes no reference to the essential farming aspect of his work and his identity. His real name was Isidro de Merlo y Quintana.
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41 and 242. About 1735, this land and an adjoining tract called Rockburn were purchased by Caleb Dorsey (1710–1722), of Hockley-in-the-Hole on the Severn River, an early industrialist and farmer. Dorsey operated forges and iron furnaces along the Patapsco River, near Elkridge. Dorsey and his sons Edward and Caleb, Jr., enslaved up to 94 people to work the land for cash crops.
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As he recovers and spring comes, the residents of the community begin to work the land successfully and prove to their neighbors the plausibility of their cause. Priscilla starts to open up, and relationships between the other characters develop as well. Tension in the friendship between Coverdale and Hollingsworth intensifies as their philosophical disagreements continue. Meanwhile, Zenobia and Hollingsworth become close, and rumor flies they might build a house together.
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Mihanović by himself was thus a major factor in building up a Croat community which remains primarily Dalmatian to this day. The second wave of Croat immigration was far more numerous, totalling 15,000 by 1939. Mostly peasants, these immigrants fanned out to work the land in Buenos Aires Province, Santa Fe, Chaco, and Patagonia. This wave was accompanied by a numerous clergy to attend their spiritual needs, especially Franciscans.
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Both Skelton and later Thomas Jefferson used slaves to work the land. There were about 1,200 acres of fertile land on the island in 1894. In 1836, the James River and Kanawha Company evaluated the creation of a canal, an arm of which would end at the lower end of Elk Island, within the James River for transportation. The Elk Hill plantation conveyed their products to Richmond via canal boats.
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He built a sawmill and a gristmill on the Saeck-kill. After his death, his widow gradually sold the land. In the 1670s, part of Donck's land passed to Frederick Philipse, who was rewarded with , including the lower river, for declaring his loyalty to the new British rulers of New Netherlands. Philipse named the manor Philipsborough and ran it as a quasi-feudal farm, hiring tenants to work the land.
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Hadley was settled in the mid-17th century. The North Hadley area was at first used solely for agriculture, farmers traveling from their homes in the main village to work the land. A school (now Hopkins Academy) was established in the town, and was funded by rents on land given it in North Hadley. Permanent settlements began around 1675, with the establishment of a mill on the Mill River.
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The Métis gave the rights to work the land over to the English, but the English community was short-lived. The Roman Catholic Church purchased the land to establish the Parish of St.-Hyacinthe of La Salle. In 1891, the municipal council passed Bylaw 144, which formed the St.-Hyacinthe School District. In 1890, a store had also become a post office, and in 1902 a businessman built a grain elevator.
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Ambrose was born on March 7, 1824 to Charles Ambrose and Sophia Stoneham in Chelmsford, England. Robert's father was the organist at Chelmsford Cathedral, where Robert most likely received his early musical training. The family emigrated to Upper Canada in 1837, where Charles purchased a farm. However, lacking the experience to do work on the land, Charles moved to Hamilton, Ontario in 1845, leaving Robert to work the land himself.
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Rice fields in the subdistrict of Maliana, East Timor. According to legend, when the Bunak people reached Lamaknen, they asked their ancestors in heaven for seeds so that they could work the land. On a field altar, Bei Suri; a man who had joined the Bunak people, was sacrificed and burned. Various parts of his body then appeared on the different plantations that the Bunak people had planted.
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Don is also known for writing and presenting his own series. In 2005, he setup a smallholding in Herefordshire so a group of young drug offenders could work the land. The project was documented for the BBC series Growing Out of Trouble, airing in 2006. This was followed by the ambitious BBC series Around the World in 80 Gardens in 2008, where Don visited eighty gardens of a variety of styles worldwide.
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Nirim produces organically grown peanuts, sweet potatoes, turnips, carrots, wheat, barley, avocado and other vegetables, and exports them to Europe. The farmers work the land right up to the Gaza Strip barrier. After Israel's disengagement from Gaza in 2005, the Defense Ministry decided to construct a security strip in the area surrounding Gaza, which was to run through Nirim agricultural territory. Nirim was asked to concede NIS 1 million of its compensation funds.
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The regional office (Bezirksamt) in Kusel registered in 1905 for Gumbsweiler twelve named farms that were run as primary income earners, fifteen craftsmen and businessmen, two grocery shops, two painters and two innkeepers. Income at the craft businesses was very small, and therefore even the craftsmen had to work the land, albeit as a secondary occupation. Of great importance to feeding the villagers was stockbreeding. Every house had a stable, usually an outbuilding.
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Bnei Akiva in the UK was founded in 1939. Its beginnings were closely associated with Bachad and the Torah V'Avodah movement, which both encouraged aliya. Arieh Handler was the main figure in the early growth of Bnei Akiva, as he brought over children from Nazi Europe on the Kindertransport and placed them in Bachad Hachshara (preparation) centres. These aimed to prepare the youth to work the Land of Israel on kibbutzim by learning agricultural techniques.
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Through the village runs Kreisstraße 52, and the Autobahn A 61, about 5 km away, affords the many commuters a good link in the north-south direction. Besides the two full-time agricultural operations, there are also still a few businesses in Mörschbach that work the land as a sideline. There are no longer any shops. The old bakehouse-schoolhouse nowadays serves as the town hall and assembly hall for various small events.
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Farming families would work the land, helped by indentured labourers and, increasingly, by slaves imported from Africa either directly or via other colonies in the West Indies. It is not known exactly when a Routledge first landed in Carolina but within the next 100 years the Rutledges of South Carolina would be among the leaders of a new nation. AD 1677. Small-hold planters having been squeezed out of Barbados moved to Carolina.
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Soon afterwards, George Washington "adopted" the two youngest Custis children, Nelly and George, who moved from Abingdon to live with the Washingtons at Mount Vernon. The eldest children, Elizabeth and Martha, remained at Abingdon, where they enslaved 73 people to work the land, according to a 1782 assessment of the property. Custis' widow, Eleanor, remarried in the autumn of 1783 to a friend and business associate of George Washington, Dr. David Stuart.
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The Mzungu Boy is a novel by Meja Mwangi. It is set in Kenya during the 1950s; during that time, Kenya was under British rule. The British colony is facing a Kenyan uprising known as the Mau Mau Rebellion. The majority of the fertile farmland is under British control, and the best the Kenyans can hope for is to work the land as tenant farmers, giving the majority of their yield to the British.
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The county has lost population since the Great Depression and Dust Bowl of the 1930s. The land was homesteaded for family farms that often turned out to be too small for subsistence farming under the arid conditions of the region. In the early decades of settlement by immigrants and migrants from the East, farmers did not know how to work the land on the prairies. Tons of topsoil were lost after droughts.
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On her own, Tránsito continued to work the land in exchange for food for herself and her children. In 1930 she helped to set up the first indigenous organization of her country and took part in 26 marches to the capital, Quito, to demand justice for her people. Quito was 66 kilometers from her home and Tránsito did this carrying her two children. She helped organize and took part in the first worker’s union.
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Mines and Minerals of the British Empire: Being a Description of the Historical, Physical, & Industrial Features of the Principal Centres of Mineral Production in the British Dominions Beyond the Seas By Ralph S. G. Stokes Published by E. Arnold, 1908; p. 71 > One of the biggest mining ventures in Malaya has been successfully floated > in London. A company has been formed to work the land at Tronoh owned by Foo > Choo Choon.
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Economically, the county was a market for productive countryside, which consisted not only of agriculture, but also townships and villages of people to work the land and produce goods by cottage industry. The county extended military control over a segment of this productive matrix and was the entry point for goods to channel upward to the Imperial City. There were approximately 1500 counties in China proper. This economic structure was later modified by commercial towns in the Middle Ages.
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In a series titled "Monsanto", Moos photographs American farmers who cultivate their crops using Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO's) manufactured by the Monsanto Company. The series was created during her residence at the St. Louis Forum for Contemporary Art located near Monsanto's headquarters. Moos chose to represent her subjects in an objective manner despite the highly controversial topic of biogenetic engineering. Her portraits offered a straightforward, unbiased presentation of the farmer's work, the land, and the corporation supporting them.
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Early settlers were primarily from the South, especially Alabama, and many brought enslaved African Americans with them to work the land. The first cotton gin in Texas was built by Jared E. Groce, who arrived with 90 slaves and developed a cotton plantation near today's Hempstead, Texas. Texas achieved its independence in 1836, and settlers arrived in greater numbers from the United States. The fertile lowlands were initially used for cotton plantations, especially in the late antebellum period.
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Wales, already a poor country on the border of England, was further impoverished by pillage, economic blockade and communal fines. Reports by travellers talk of ruined castles, such as Montgomery Castle and Abbeys such as Strata Florida Abbey and Abbeycwmhir. Grass grew in the market squares of many towns such as Oswestry and Welsh commerce had almost ground to a halt. Land that had previously been productive was now empty wasteland with no tenants to work the land.
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Through school gardens students learn to work the land and create a food garden in which they can grow food such as lettuce, potatoes, kale and peas. Students learn about local food and what grows in their environment. It helps to create a connection to food and get students thinking about where their food comes from and what it takes to grow it. It supports better nutrition in students and can incorporate lessons on healthy eating.
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While the fort may have been the first European establishment in the Edmonton area, it was not until the second half of the 19th century that settlers either moved out of the fort or came from some distance to work the land on self-sustaining farms. 1885 Street represents the beginning of a town, displays the establishment of telegraph and printing press media, and references major political events such as the North-West Rebellion of 1885.
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Gillman Farm -- 584 W. Gillman Lane James Henry Gillman bought 10 acres (4 ha) of land late in the 19th century. Now, over a hundred years later, four generations of the Gillman family have restored and still work the land today. The Gillman Farm has been identified as one of Utah's "Century Farms." Lindon Cider Mill -- 395 N. State St. Built by Lewis Robison in 1857, the Lindon Cider Mill provided cider for city residents every fall and winter.
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Erastus FairbanksHorace Fairbanks The town of Barnet, Vermont, originally took its name from the town of Barnet, England. On September 16, 1763, the town received its charter from the royal governor of New Hampshire, Benning Wentworth. The first European descendants to work the land and stay in the town were three brothers, Daniel, Jacob, and Elijah Hall, along with Jonathan Fowler. Their homestead was built along the Connecticut River and to the north near McIndoe Falls.
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It was built in 1843 by stonemason James Ritchie, a prominent local Scottish immigrant stonemason, and is probably his finest work. The land was donated by Ira Hill, (whose house Ritchie also built). The main level was used for church services, and the basement was divided into two spaces, one used as a school and the other as a town meeting space. This situation continued until 1892, when the town and school functions were moved out.
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In the first chapter Anaya establishes the roots of this struggle through Tony's dream—a flashback to the day of his birth. In his dream, Tony views the differences between his parents' familial backgrounds. His father's side, the Márez (descendants of the sea), are the restless vaqueros who roam the llanos and seek adventure. The Lunas, his mother's side, are the people of the moon, religious farmers whose destiny is to homestead and work the land.
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The German yoke (narrower and strapped closely to the horns) was used to harness the oxen's power to the horns similarly to the Acadian style of yoke (wider and flatter resting more on the neck). In the major agricultural areas of Nova Scotia, the draft horse eventually replaced the oxen. The last known draft horse to work the land was "Bill", a black Belgian owned by Ivan Wile. Today oxen and horse teams are a traditional icon of Lunenburg County heritage.
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Modern minimum wage laws trace their origin to the Ordinance of Labourers (1349), which was a decree by King Edward III that set a maximum wage for laborers in medieval England. King Edward III, who was a wealthy landowner, was dependent, like his lords, on serfs to work the land. In the autumn of 1348, the Black Plague reached England and decimated the population. The severe shortage of labor caused wages to soar and encouraged King Edward III to set a wage ceiling.
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The American survey team sailed from New York on April 20, 1857, and proceeded to Panama by way of Kingston, Jamaica. There, they transferred to the newly-built Panama Railway and were able to cross the isthmus in four hours. At Panama city, they boarded the John L. Stephens and sailed for San Francisco, with several stops in Mexico along the way, arriving May 15. In his autobiography, Harris describes the survey teams, the work, the land, and the local Indians.
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Attached to the main block is a series of three buildings: a carriage house and horse barn, each dating to the time of the house, and an early 20th-century garage. The farm has been in Wallace family hands since the late 18th century. Three brothers of the Wallace family were among Columbia's first settlers, arriving in 1785. Only William, the youngest of the three, remained to work the land they cleared, and he soon became one of the area's most successful farmers.
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Farms of 300 to were common, some owners keeping a few slaves to work the land and serve in the household. The aim of the early settlers was to produce as many of the necessities of life as they could: subsistence farming, in other words. Each farm had a vegetable garden, orchard, pasturage and fields for grain, as well as a stand of timber to be selectively cut for fuel. What became known as the Harlingen Tract (1710) included part of Sourland Mountain.
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Mostly peasants, these immigrants fanned out to work the land in Buenos Aires province, Santa Fe, Chaco and Patagonia. This wave was accompanied by a numerous clergy to attend their spiritual needs, especially Franciscans. If the first two waves had been primarily economic, the third wave after the Second World War was eminently political. Some 20,000 Croatian political refugees came to Argentina, and most became construction workers on Peron's public works projects until they started to pick up some Spanish.
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Siméus was born in Pont-Sondé in Haiti's Artibonite Valley, the son of peasant rice farmers who never had a chance to get a school education. He grew up helping his parents work the land in Haiti to feed himself and his 11 siblings. In 1961, his family sold some land so he could fly to the United States to pursue a college education at Florida A&M; University. Siméus transferred to Howard University in Washington, DC, where he earned a degree in electrical engineering.
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The first section of the work explains useful tips that landowners must follow to maximize their profits. They must carefully select the farmers who will work the land and ensure that the number of family members is not too high or too low and can provide the right amount of work. Landowners must pay their farmers' expenses in the periods of the year when the weather does not permit farming, to maintain motivation and health. Employers must invest in tools to help the farmers.
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The ample residential lots of Richland Farms gave residents enough space to raise a family, and food to feed them, along with building a barn, and caring for livestock. The farms attracted the black families who had begun migrating from the rural South in the 1950s, and there they found their 'home away from home'. Compton could not support large-scale agricultural business, but it did give the residents the opportunity to work the land for their families. The 1920s saw the opening of the Compton Airport.
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Campers, 1972 In the beginning of the 1930s, the park was originally made to save a piece of the hill country for the public and to give men, suffering from the depression, work. The land for Garner State Park was acquired in 1934 through 1936. In 1934, the Texas State Parks Board approved the location for a future state park, and the Texas Legislature provided funding for state parks. The Civilian Conservation Corps made the park’s original improvements, which included a large pavilion and a concessions building.
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His son Huayna Capac turned Cochabamba into a large production enclave or state farm to serve the Incas. Possibly depopulated during the conquest, Huayna Capac imported 14,000 people, called mitimas, to work the land. The principal crop was maize which could not be grown in much of the high and cold heartland of the Inca Empire. The maize was stored in 2,400 storehouses (qollqas) in the hills overlooking the valley or transported by llama caravan to storage sites in Paria, Cusco, of other Inca administrative centers.
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The 2014 Revue Season ran from 20 August until 27 September. It consists of Law (House of Clerks), Arts (The Unlimited Dream Factory), Architecture (The Price is Frank Lloyd Wright), Med (Snow White and the Seven Dollar Copayment), Commerce (Moolah Rouge), Queer (The Night Before Mardi Gras), Science (Trapeze Gets Degrees), Education and Social Work (The Land Before Timetables), Engineering (AGM of Thrones: A Song of Fire (Whiskey) on Ice), and Vet (The Acattery Awards). Jew Revue (Torah the Explorer) ran in late May.
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Previously, taxes and duties were based on the number of households (see, for example, 1528 census of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that recorded households as a measure of military duty) or number of horses/bulls needed to work the land. Such system was not exact: households varied greatly in size and in wealth. Therefore, the introduction of voloks marked an important transition to taxes based on area (width times length). In Lithuania, it was introduced during the Volok Reform that began in 1547.
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Atlanta was established in 1871 with the building of the Texas and Pacific Railway and was named for Atlanta, Georgia, former home of many early settlers. This area of Texas had been settled by planters who brought enslaved African Americans with them to work the land. A post office was opened in 1871. By 1885 the community had 1,500 residents, who had founded three white and two black churches, two schools, a bank, several sawmills, a number of general stores, and a weekly newspaper, the Citizens' Journal.
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The colony was established in Hadleigh in 1891 by William Booth, a preacher who founded the Salvation Army Christian organisation. He believed every human being should have food and shelter and published a plan to rescue the destitute from the squalor of London. His vision was that the poor would be given board and lodgings in a City Colony in exchange for a day's work. They could then move to a Farm Colony where they would be trained to work the land and run their own smallholdings.
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In 1870 he founded the Tower Hamlets Mission and made the Great Assembly Hall in the Mile End Road a centre of Christian work in the East End of London. In 1903 Charrington purchased Osea Island off the coast of Maldon in Essex and established a treatment centre for people with alcohol and opiate addictions. In return for free treatment, clients would remain on the island and work the land. He was one of the original members of the London County Council (1889–95).
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Although Birobidzhan was meant to serve as a home for the Jewish population, the idea struggled to become reality. There were no important cultural connections between the land and the Jewish settlers. The growing population was culturally diverse, with some settlers focused on being modern Russian citizens, some disillusioned by modern cultures with a desire to work the land and promote socialist ideals, with few interested in establishing a cultural homeland. Ulterior motives generated by the Soviet government were the primary reasons for the Jewish relocation to Birobidzhan.
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The first of these, "zerat", is used if the land is in the planter's sole possession, and the ryot employed to work the land is a hired labourer. The term "assamiviar" is relevant when the land is in the rayat's possession and he is compelled (being the planter's tenant) to grow indigo on it at fixed rates. Lastly, the term "khooshgee" is appropriate when the rayat, under no compulsion, grows the plant as a remunerative crop. Sometimes referred to as "compulsory labour", expropriated peasants made up the largest group of the zerat labour force.
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But the enslavement of Europeans could also occur, as happened with Hans Staden who, after being set free, wrote a book about the customs of the Native Americans. The colonization effort proved to be a difficult undertaking on such a vast continent, and indigenous slave labor was quickly turned to for agricultural workforce needs. Aggressive mission networks of the Portuguese Jesuits were the driving force behind this recruitment, and they successfully mobilized an indigenous labor force to live in colonial villages to work the land. These indigenous enslaving expeditions were known as bandeiras.
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He ran as one of several Country Party candidates for the House of Representatives seat of New England in 1940 and 1949, but was not successful. During World War II he organised mass production of primary products by co-operating with other landholders and using women to work the land. In 1947 Shand became the founding chairman of East-West Airlines, which flew between Tamworth and Sydney, as well as other routes. The airline was also used for agricultural purposes, spreading superphosphate, seeding and crop dusting, for example.
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Sugar production falls (accessed 19 June 2010) At formation of the Sugar Estates, much of the labour to work the land was brought in from neighbouring Malawi and Zambia. These labourers came in to work on the sugar cane plantations as general labourers and cane cutters. As a result of intermarriages between the local Karanga, Shangaan and the plantation workers who were predominantly foreigners, this has resulted in the mix of ethnicities and cultures in Triangle and the Southern districts of Zimbabwe. The majority of the town's residents are employed by the company.
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In 1903 Frederick Nicholas Charrington, who had disinherited himself from his family's brewing business and become a prominent temperance campaigner in London's East End, purchased an island off the coast of Maldon, Essex called Osea Island. During Mr Charrington's time, the island provided free treatment to those individuals suffering from the ill effects of alcohol and opiate addiction. In return for treatment clients would remain on the island and work the land. The island was eventually requisitioned by the Admiralty and subsequently turned into a top secret torpedo manufacturing base for both World Wars.
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He initially intended for men to come from the Netherlands and work the land; he considered those already settled in the Indies to be lazy. However, he was unable to attract new settlers because of high taxes and thus sold the land to those already in Batavia. As he had expected, the new land-owners were unwilling to "soil their hands", and quickly rented out the land to ethnic Chinese. Production rose steadily after this, but took until the 1760s to reach pre-1740 levels, after which it again diminished.
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This town, along with three other suburbs nearby (Santa María, la Raya and San Bartolo el pequeño), were initially part of a larger municipality called San Bartolo Coyotepec. However, over time, Animas and those three communities separated and eventually became independent. At first, Animas was only inhabited by two or three families who were sent there by San Bartolo in order to work the land. During that time, the owner of an adjacent farm called "Hacienda del Carmen" divided it and gave each of his workers a portion.
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As of 2006, there are only four full-time farmers, and two more who work the land as a sideline; there were still 10 full-time farming operations in 1966 and several operated as a sideline. As well as these concerns, there are a cattle trading business, a timber forwarder, a pottery and wood workshop, a pedicurist, a guide dog trainer and a general service business. Nevertheless, commuters are the majority, working in the surrounding area. There were once several bakehouses in Rohrbach, in which families baked their bread.
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Among them were the family and followers of Daniel Boone, an explorer from Kentucky who settled the area starting in 1799. For the next two decades, most settlers came from the Upper South, especially Kentucky and Virginia, bringing their slaves with them to work the land. In 1833 substantial numbers of German immigrant families began settling in the area, and soon they outnumbered the slave owners in the county. The German newcomers were opposed to slavery, and their sons would become Union supporters during the U.S. Civil War.
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After World War II there was a new flood of settlers to Albuquerque, and the number of able-bodied men to work the land had thinned. Housing developments began to pop up on any available land around the Valley. Rob Lee Meadows was built on the site of the old Los Ranchos plaza, the farmlands belonging to the Robert Dietz family were turned into the rows of houses of Dietz Farms and over 100 acres of farm owned by the Charles Mann family became the present day Meadows on Rio Grande and Thomas Village homes.
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Abingdon (also known as the Alexander-Custis Plantation) was an 18th- and 19th-century forced-labor farm owned over the years by the prominent Alexander, Custis, Stuart, and Hunter families, who collectively enslaved more than 100 people to work the land. The plantation's site is now located in Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Abingdon is known as the birthplace of Eleanor "Nelly" Parke Custis Lewis (March 31, 1779 – July 15, 1852), a granddaughter of Martha Washington and a step-granddaughter of United States President George Washington.Snowden, p.
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Garretson moved to Texas in 1859, where he bought of land to the south of San Antonio. He had $26,000 in gold, a small fortune at that time, and looked forward to retiring as a gentleman rancher. However, most of his money was lost in the American Civil War (1861–1865), and he was forced to work the land himself to support his growing family. He also taught at school for a while, and undertook survey work for the New York and Texas Land Co., which owned three million acres of Texas railroad grants.
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The governor of San Salvador, Francisco Luis Héctor de Carondelet, ordered families from northern Spain (Galicia and Asturias) to settle the area to compensate for the lack of indigenous people to work the land; it is not uncommon to see people with blond hair, fair skin, and blue or green eyes in municipalities like Dulce Nombre de María, La Palma, and El Pital. The majority of Salvadorans of Spanish descent possess Mediterranean racial features: olive skin and dark hair and eyes (black or dark brown), and they identify themselves as mestizo, like mentioned above.
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The boy's football team began in 1931 with the girl's hockey team being formed the next again year. In 1932, the five villas at the colony were completed, each villa held fifty patients each with Larbert House having thirty-six places available inside of it. Househill farm was converted into a dairy farm and the boys of the institution that could help work the land. This meant that much of the produce was grown by the Institute for those that lived at the institute, including potatoes, oatmeal, roots and green vegetables.
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George Berkeley (1685–1753)—or Bishop Berkeley, the famous Anglo-Irish philosopher—disembarked from his ship in the harbor of Newport, Rhode Island, on Thursday, 23 January 1729. The Reverend James Honyman, minister of Trinity Church, Newport, Rhode Island welcomed Berkeley and the group that accompanied him, inviting him to stay in his home in Newport until he could find accommodation elsewhere. In February 1729, Berkeley purchased a farm with a small house on it, adjacent to Honeyman's own farm. He also purchased several slaves to work the land.
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Even the place where these patients had to stay was not the result of a random choice. For example, quiet and semi-violent patients were placed in the buildings closer to the station or to the Colonia agricola (farming colony) where they could work the land or do manual labour, thus promoting their rehabilitation process. Another important issue was the positioning of the lavatories. In the past the outhouse was one of the “favourite” suicide spots, since it used to be far from all the places regularly frequented by nurses.
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During a three-year hiatus, the former newspaperman continued to serve his native state by writing its history, a five-volume work The Land of Sky-Tinted Waters: A History of the State and its People (Minnesota: 1935). He rounded out his public career with two terms in Congress. In 1936, he did not run for re-election to the House; instead he ran for Senate again. Receiving the Republican nomination, he ran against former Congressman Ernest Lundeen of the Farmer Labor Party and was defeated, receiving 37% of the vote.
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Barbarian prisoner of the Akkadian Empire, nude, fettered, drawn by nose ring, with pointed beard and vertical braid. 2350-2000 BC, Louvre Museum. Letter of a certain Ishkun-Dagan about the depredations of the Gutians: "Work the field and guard the flocks! Just don't say to me: “It is (the fault of) the Gutians; I could not work the land"... British Museum According to the historian Henry Hoyle Howorth (1901), Assyriologist Theophilus Pinches (1908), renowned archaeologist Leonard Woolley (1929) and Assyriologist Ignace Gelb (1944), the Gutians were pale in complexion and blond.
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Sir David died in 1928, leaving his widow and daughter wealthy women. The women bred livestock (Aberdeen Angus and Jersey cattle) and horses, including Suffolk Punches (large draught horses, still used to work the land, until tractors became widespread) and Thoroughbreds (a breed used for fox hunting as well as flat racing and steeplechases). In 1925 they expanded their interests to the breeding of Arabian horses. That summer the pair visited Crabbet Arabian Stud, whose founders, husband and wife team Wilfrid Scawen Blunt and Lady Anne Blunt, had introduced the breed to England in 1878.
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At one point, the narrator's horror and disgust at Ixion, a brutal rapist, implies that she is a woman. At another point in the poem, her desire to free Andromeda from her chains and to make love suggests that she is a lesbian. The narrator compares the love of nature to the love of books, as both cultivate her mind. She thinks of herself as superior to the farmers who merely work the land without the time or the interest for poetry, all of which make it possible for her to have a deeper appreciation of nature.
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She had an older brother, Blas, who died in infancy, and a younger sister, Rosalía. After the death of her mother in 1787, she developed an especially close relationship with her father. Despite the staunchly Catholic and conservative gender roles of colonial society, Don Matías taught her to become a skilled rider and sharpshooter, and she accompanied him to work the land alongside indigenous laborers. As well as her native Spanish, she became fluent in Quechua and Aymara, the languages of the local indigenous people, and she was known to spend days at a time in their villages.
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The Swedish migration to central Texas was largely fueled by the work of Swante Magnus Swenson who came to America in 1836. Swenson eventually settled in Austin, Texas and established numerous successful business endeavors with his uncle Swante Palm. After establishing the SMS Ranches, Swenson became one of the largest landowners in Texas and was encouraged by Samuel Houston to recruit more Swedish immigrants to come work the land holdings. Swenson traveled by ship back and forth to Sweden 16 times beginning in 1848, recruiting his countrymen to come and join his agricultural efforts in the central Texas region.
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The Perry Farm is an intact, historic African-American farm complex in Riley Hill, North Carolina, a suburb of Raleigh. The farm house was built in 1820 by John and Nancy Perry, white owners of several slaves during the Antebellum period of the South. After the Civil War ended, a freedman named Feggins Perry made arrangements with his former masters to work the land as a tenant farmer. Each night after work, Feggins made baskets and furniture for extra money so he and his brother could buy land, which was the prime goal of many freedmen.
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Additionally, reforms to Venezuela's Penal Code de-criminalized the occupation of idle private lands by landless peasants, and started an initiative known as Mision Zamora to assist small and medium scale producers gain title to land. Although the Venezuelan government allows small farmers to work the land, it does not always give them title to the land, and they are sometimes required to work as part of a collective.In Venezuela, Land 'Rescue' Hopes Unmet, Washington Post, 20 June 2009 This reallocation of land does not necessarily lead to better food production; farmers are hurt by the state setting low prices for their produce.
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In an effort to quell the Esquilache Riots in the spring of 1766, the corregidor-intendente of Badajoz ordered the renting of city property to "needy neighbors", with priority given to day laborers who could work the land. The 10th Count of Aranda, newly appointed by Charles III, extended the measure by royal decree to all of Extremadura on 2 May 1766, and to the whole kingdom the following year. A subsequent order in 1768 explained that the measure was intended to serve the poorest farmers and laborers, to promote the "common good". However, the measure was repealed on 26 May 1770.
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When a food riot erupts, Wang Lung is swept up in a mob that is looting a rich man's house and corners the man himself, who fears for his life and gives Wang Lung all his money in order to buy his safety. O-Lan finds a cache of jewels elsewhere in house and takes them for herself. Wang Lung uses this money to bring the family home, buy a new ox and farm tools, and hire servants to work the land for him. In time, two more children are born, a twin son and daughter.
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Much information about the Muisca culture was gathered by the Spanish administration and by authors such as Pedro de Aguado and Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita. The Spaniards created indigenous areas to keep the survivors, who were obligated to work the land for them in what were called encomiendas. The colonial era contributed to the importance of Bogotá, and people from the area would play an important role in the fights for independence and republican consolidation. The wars of independence of three nations (Colombia with Panamá, Venezuela, and Ecuador) were led by the descendants of the conquerors.
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The Ten Commandments make clear that honouring the Shabbat was expected of slaves, not just their masters. The later The book of Deuteronomy, having repeated the Shabbat requirement, also instructs that slaves should be allowed to celebrate the Sukkot festival. Leviticus instructs that during the Sabbatical Year, slaves and their masters should eat food which the land yields, without being farmed. This commandment not to work the land is directed at the landowner and does not mention slaves, but other verses imply that no produce is sown by anyone in this year, and command that the land must "lie fallow".
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Few in the area could afford to own slaves like the wealthier planters in the Lowcountry, and almost every farmer was forced to work the land himself. Even for those who wished to trade with other towns, the poor roads made the effort to transport goods cost more than those goods were often worth. Outside of church, local residents had few opportunities to socialize with each other. By 1826, the Pendleton District had split up into Pickens and Anderson Districts, with Liberty becoming part of the new Pickens District, which included both Pickens and Oconee Counties.
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The Company's next step was to bring in Chinese migrants to work the land. It resorted to bringing in foreign workers for the purpose because it felt that "the productive and industrial value of the alien races is... far greater than that of the natives of Borneo... it will be a very long time before the natives become, individually, as valuable assets to the State as the alien races"."A Report on the Census of North Borneo, 1921", London, 1922, p.6. Quoted by Lee Yong Leng, North Borneo: A Study in Settlement Geography, Singapore: Eastern University Press, 1965, p.66.
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Paraguay Chaco. While most land banking is based on the prospect of urban areas expanding at the expense of rural areas, in various parts of the world agricultural land is expanding at the expense of virgin land. The purchase of virgin land that has been identified as suitable for agriculture because of its climate, topography and soil properties, where the buyer has no intention to work the land himself or lease it out, would be agricultural land banking. Such lands are often rather far away from existing infrastructure when purchased by the land banking investor, therefore prices being low.
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The farmhouse and ruins of the complex The old terrace and gallery of the Roman villa São Cucufate is situated off the IP2 in the direction of Vidigueira, and the EN258 to Vila de Frades, towards Monte de Guadalupe.Patrícia Sofia Rasgado Mareco (2007), p.130 Located in a slightly elevated location, the 1st century Roma era rural village dominated the space, with a southern view of the landscape until Beja. It was likely the centre of a small community, with the property-owner's residence, spaces for agricultural storage, warehousing and equipment to work the land in the production of wine and olive oil.
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This area was historically occupied by the Creek Indians until Indian Removal in the 1830s. European Americans pushed them out and developed the land for cotton, bringing in thousands of African slaves to work the land. The county is named in honor of Henry Clay, famous American statesman, member of the United States Senate from Kentucky and United States Secretary of State in the 19th century. Part of the Black Belt geological formation of Georgia, prior to the American Civil War the county's chief commodity crop was cotton, cultivated and processed by farmers and African-American slaves.
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Novelists include Richard Collins, whose debut work, The Land as Viewed from the Sea, was shortlisted for a Whitbread Award in 2004; and Lloyd Jones whose novel Mr Cassini won the English-language Wales Book of the Year award in 2007. Amongst other writers are Dannie Abse, Mike Jenkins, Ruth Bidgood, Tony Curtis, Rhys Davies, Dic Edwards, Rhian Edwards, Catherine Fisher, Raymond Garlick, Paul Groves, Paul Henry, Glyn Jones, Alun Lewis, Gary Ley, Ivy Alvarez, Christopher Meredith, Edward Thomas, R. S. Thomas and John Tripp.Seren: Authors Retrieved 25 March 2014. Seren celebrated 30 years of operation in 2011.
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The first successful settlement in the Chesapeake, Jamestown (1607), was set up by the Virginia Company and therefore its population was made up mostly of English. Because of its large reliance on labor for tobacco plantations that fueled the economy, the Chesapeake relied on indentured servants to work the land. However, after the events of Bacon's Rebellion plantation owners began to find slaves to be a better investment than indentured servants. This was a gradual shift by the 18th century but by 1750 the population of Virginia had skyrocketed to 450,000 and was almost evenly divided between African and European peoples.
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My Mother, a Pioneer Who Helped Turn the Zionist Dream Into Reality Haaretz, 3 March 2016 Her mother then worked the farm, "with its orchard, cattle and chickens." "I remember her working hard and fighting like a lioness for the right to work the land, despite the objective difficulties entailed in choosing such a demanding way of life. She never sank into debt – no small feat in a cooperative farming settlement," Rivlin later wrote. Haaretz, "Nechama Rivlin, Wife of Israeli President, Dies at 73" June 4, 2019 Rivlin attended local schools and graduated from the Ruppin Regional High School.
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The main beneficiaries of both Eduardo Frei and Allende Land Reform were the peasants already working the land. The process was similar to that of sharecropping, in which the owners of the land pay people to work the land. The peasants working the land keep a percentage of the profit, the rest goes to the owner. The reform policies rarely addressed the small land holders, turning them against the Allende. Although the UP did not gain full power of the government with Allende’s election, it did gain the administrative and economic ability to limit the bourgeoisie through expropriations and strengthen the urban proletariat and peasantry.
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In 1992, rural communities enjoyed a two-year movement in which more people moved from metropolitan areas to the countryside than vice versa. The value of population increase in rural areas is directly related to maintenance of farmland—the more people that live in the countryside, literally the more hands there are to work the land and maintain the abundance of farmland. Thus, an increase in rural population would consequently lead to an improvement in Siberian agriculture. Two components that are considered when discussing population are "migration and natural increase;" the first is more important initially because able adults are necessary to motivate a developing community.
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The final section opens with discussion of a plan developed for Dmitri's escape from his sentence of twenty years of hard labor in Siberia. The plan is never fully described, but it seems to involve Ivan and Katerina bribing some guards. Alyosha cautiously approves, because he feels that Dmitri is not emotionally ready to submit to such a harsh sentence, that he is innocent, and that no guards or officers would suffer for aiding the escape. Dmitri and Grushenka plan to escape to America and work the land there for several years, and then return to Russia under assumed American names, because they cannot imagine living without Russia.
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Tin bounds were an ancient legal arrangement used in the counties of Devon and Cornwall in South West England to encourage the exploitation of land for the extraction of tin. Tin bounds were created by the miner (or 'bounder') pitching stones or turves at the four corners of the land he intended to work. The bounder was required to declare his bounds to the stannary court and to renew them annually by re-pitching the stones or turves. During the early history of mining, the bounder was also required to actually work the land for tin in order for the bounds to remain valid, although this requirement was diluted over time.
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Apart from a small estate held by Cockersand Abbey, Failsworth passed to the Chetham family and was then sold on to smaller holders.. By 1663, 50 households were registered. Life centred on natural resources, agriculture and stock farming, with many were employed as labourers to work the land, though tradesmen such as a tailor, a felt maker, a shoemaker, a joiner and a weaver supported them. The earliest record of a place of worship is Dob Lane Chapel, dating from 1698. The Parish Church of St John was founded in 1845 In 1774, the 242 Failsworth households contained some 1.400 inhabitants, of whom a high proportion were involved in cloth manufacture.
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Several violent incidents had occurred in the district, including spearings of Europeans and Aboriginal deaths at the hands of the Native Police. The area recommended by Dalaipi had been taken up in the 1840s by Captain Griffin as the Redbank section of the Whiteside pastoral run. Mrs Jane Griffin was willing to sell Petrie the lease to ten square-mile sections, reputedly because the frontier violence made it impossible for her to work the land effectively. The area she ceded to Petrie extended from Sideling Creek in the west to Redcliffe Point in the east, and was bounded on the south by the North Pine and Pine rivers.
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This approach slowly changed the 11th Century when Monastic orders such as the Cistercians advocated a return to a more simple way of living and that monks and nuns returned to work the land themselves rather than serve as overseers. This developed new forms of monastic farming emerged in the 12th Century. While these changes were born to keep Benedictine, Cistercian, Franciscan and later Jesuit monks from being contaminated by worldly matters and political schemes it made monasteries into hubs where agriculture and gardening practices thrived.Grundmann, Christoffer H. "Medicine, Agriculture, and Technology in the Missionary Enterprise," in The Wiley-Blackwell Compainion to World Christianity ed.
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In 1931 the Lutherans decided to sell the station, without any prior consultation with the residents. The residents petitioned the Church to work the land autonomously, but their request fell on deaf ears. No buyers were forthcoming, and farming ceased in 1993, but the church continued to control the lives of the residents until 1958, when the residents staged a walk-off as a protest. In 1963, the mission was taken over by the South Australian Government, and then in 1975 it was transferred to the Aboriginal Land Trust, which leases the site to a local Aboriginal community organisation, the Koonibba Aboriginal Community Council, Inc.
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Memorial plaque in Voronezh Troepolsky was born in Tambov Governorate, the son of a Russian Orthodox priest. He graduated from an agricultural school in 1924 and worked as an agronomist on kolkhozes until 1954, when he became a full-time writer, all his books dealing with nature and people who work the land. His first short story appeared in 1937. His first book, the collection Iz zapisok agronoma [Diaries of an Agronomist], was published in 1953 by Novy Mir; in it he "ridiculed district party secretaries, kolkhoz chairmen, village demagogues and thieves"Yitzhak M. Brudny, Reinventing Russia: Russian Nationalism and the Soviet State, 1953–1991 (Harvard University Press, 2000: ), p. 48.
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The government tried to encourage people to grow their own food in victory gardens, and householders were encouraged to keep rabbits and chickens for the table. Because so many men had been conscripted into the army, women were drafted in to work the land; they were called the Women's Land Army, or less formally, "land girls". Famously, the Government responded to a temporary wartime oversupply of carrots by suggesting that the RAF's exceptional night-flying was due to eating carotene. The ruse worked: consumption of carrots increased sharply because people thought carrots might help them see in the blackout, thus taking the pressure off other food supplies.
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Rolando Maria Rivi was born on 7 January 1931 in the rural San Valentino as the second of three sons to Roberto Rivi (30 October 1903 – 22 October 1992) and Albertina Canovi; he received his baptism on 8 January from the parish priest Luigi Lemmi. His birthplace was located in the foothills of the Apennines between the Secchia and Tresinaro rivers. His paternal grandparents were Alfonso Rivi and Anna Ferrari who had moved to Levizzano-Baiso to work the land there and since the 1920s lived in a large house named "Poggiolo" with their nine children of whom Roberto was the eldest son. Sergio Rivi was a brother of his.
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The Oliviers and their friends were disillusioned about the level of care for mental illness, especially after the recent breakdowns of Daphne Olivier and Virginia Woolf, and struggled to keep Margery out of the hands of organised medicine. alt=Photograph of Margery with Bryn at Tatsfield in 1917 In October 1917, Bryn became convinced that it was in Margery's interests to be out of London. The Oliviers knew of an Irish doctor, Dr Caesar Sherrard (1853–1920), ho had a farm at Tatsfield, Surrey, where he cared for soldiers affected by shell shock by having them work the land. Tatsfield, a village on the North Downs, overlooked Limpsfield, about four miles from the Olivier country home, The Champions.
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Salvadoran Children. Some 12.7% of Salvadorans are white. This population is mostly made up of ethnically Spanish people, while there are also Salvadorans of French, German, Swiss, English, Irish, and Italian descent. In northern departments like the Chalatenango Department, it is well known that residents in the area are of pure Spanish descent; The governor of San Salvador, Francisco Luis Héctor de Carondelet, ordered families from northern Spain (Galicia and Asturias) to settle the area to compensate for the lack of indigenous people to work the land; it is not uncommon to see people with blond hair, fair skin, and blue or green eyes in municipalities like Dulce Nombre de María, La Palma, Nueva Concepcion and El Pital.
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Paradoxically, Cedillo was himself a Catholic and sympathized with the cristero cause, which led to the antireligious "Calles Laws" not being enforced in San Luis Potosí. His control allowed him to create and maintain military-agricultural colonies in his area of control, where veterans of his army and their widows could live and work the land. After Obregón's assassination at the hands of a religious fanatic, who also hailed from San Luis Potosí, Calles's hold on Mexico's politics became even stronger. In 1930, Cedillo's niece, María Marcos Cedillo Salas, the daughter of his brother Homobono, learned to fly at the Civil Aviation School in San Luis Potosí, which he had been instrumental in setting up.
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36 According to Teveth, during many years Ben-Gurion's principal claim was the Jewish right to work the land, especially the eighty percent of Palestine which was uncultivated, and to win it through Jewish labour. "We have the right to build and be built in Palestine". The right to possess a land derived from the continued willingness to work and develop it, and in that respect Jews and Arabs had equal rights.Teveth, 1985, Ben-Gurion and the Palestinian Arabs, pp. 5–6, 36 However Ben-Gurion expressed the belief that the Arabs would fare well by the Jews' renewal of the country, because it also meant the renewal of its Arab population.
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Mountain View College main campus The main campus is located on a plateau in Mt. Nebo, Valencia City, with an area of 10.24 km², which includes farmlands, forests, and ranch lands ideal for industry work. The land has an ample supply of water that allows MVC to have its own hydroelectric plants, providing the campus populace with enough electricity along with an abundant water supply for the homes and other college facilities. It is situated between the Kitanglad and Kalatungan mountain ranges and bordered on the north by the Manupali River and on the south by the Anasag and Malingon creeks. An annex campus is located in Bagontaas, Valencia City, which is occupied by the School of Nursing.
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At the same time, Chamberlain envisioned a Germany that would somehow remain the leading industrial power at the forefront of modern technology while at the same time become a romantic, agrarian society where ordinary people would work the land and retain their traditional deference to the aristocracy.Field (1981), pp. 371–73 Chamberlain was also vague about how this could be achieved, writing only that a "planned economy", "scientific management" and an economically interventionist state committed to social reforms would make it all possible. After Germany's diplomatic defeat in the Second Moroccan Crisis in 1911, Wilhelm II became the Schattenkaiser (the "Shadow Emperor"), an increasingly reclusive figure who was seen less and less in public.
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By 766 most of Waiofar's followers had abandoned him, but the war over Aquitaine did not end even with his death, shortly before Pepin's own, in 768. The final active phase of the war between the two (766–67) was fought mainly in the Périgord, the Angoumois and the Bordelais, all regions closer to Gascony, which if not ruled directly by Waiofar was either under his control or allied to him. The chroniclers record how Pepin destroyed fortresses and cities, castella and civitates, and so devastated the countryside that "there was no settler to work the land" (nullus colonus terram ad laborandam). Around this time, Pepin defeated the Gascons in pitched battle.
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She also took the part of the "Indian" on Ayreon's rock opera Into the Electric Castle. The singer then collaborated on two of Timo Tolkki's projects, being a guest vocalist on Timo Tolkki's Avalon track "Shine", for the work The Land of New Hope, and was featured in his solo project track "Are You the One?". Within the symphonic metal scene, den Adel collaborated with After Forever on the track "Beyond Me", released on the album Prison of Desire, performing the song live with the band at selected concerts. She was part of a duet with Marco Hietala on the track "No Compliance" for Delain's album Lucidity, also joining the band on selected live performances of the song.
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This understanding was part of a bilateral contract made between the king and the people. The people would work the land and give taxes to the king for protection. The contract implies that the people submitted to a sovereign authority that they created, they volunteered to pay the tax, the tax rate was fixed by the people, the taxes are paid to the king as a wage for his protection and the king has to answer to the people. From this it can be concluded that the king has the right to tax, it is the duty of the people to pay taxes, and the duty is conditional on the performance of the king in his duties.
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The Murašû Archive comprises business records regarding legal issues, loans, rents, transactions, trips to various capital cities, and the use of agents and subordinates to manage affairs. In essence, the Murašû Archive was the business repository of the Murašû firm - a business house dealing mainly with the management of agriculture. The Murašû firm would lease land and water from its owners, farm the land to produce crops, pay rents and taxes to the owners, and even sublet the leased lands to tenants, who would work the land with livestock, seeds, and equipment provided by the firm. In addition, the Murašû firm converted the produce from the lands they managed into specie—silver.
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Those who did not work the land walked several kilometres each day to work in marble mines around Macael. As a result, money was plentiful in a village where there was no electricity or running water, and where a handful of residents forcefully resisted the move of the village to the plain below by mayor Antonio Sáez Sáez. In an effort to ensure that the village’s last and most important symbol of life, its church bells, were not removed to the new town of Chercos, two men would stay behind in the village each day while the remaining hold-outs went out into the mountains to work. Armed with rifles, they stood guard by the church, day after day.
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Borrowing from the French Physiocrats the idea that all wealth originates with the land, making farming the only truly productive enterprise, agrarianism claims that agriculture is the foundation of all other professions. Philosophically, European agrarianism reflects the ideas of John Locke, who declared in his Second Treatise of Civil Government (1690) that those who work the land are its rightful owners. His labor theory of value influenced the thinking of Thomas Jefferson, who in turn shaped the way many 19th-century American homesteaders understood ownership of their farms. Jefferson wrote in 1785 in a letter to John Jay that The political philosopher James Harrington influenced the development of explicit agrarian designs for the colonies of Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Georgia.
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Most of the Black Cincinnatians came from city life and did not adapt well to the harsh farming environment. They cleared large lots of land by logging and worked hard to sustain the colony, but much of the population declined through the 1840s as many of the original colonists moved on to larger, growing urban centres such as Detroit, Cleveland or Toronto to obtain wage-based employment. A few remained to work the land through subsequent generations. The area was further logged and settled by white people in the 1840s and later, many from Ireland, some of whom purchased farmsteads from the departing Black settlers or new lots sold to them cheaply by the Canada Company.
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One verse runs: :Someone had to pick the cotton, :Someone had to plant the corn, :Someone had to slave and be able to sing, :That's why darkies were born. The song was part of a fatalistic musical genre in the 1930s where African Americans were depicted as "fated to work the land, fated to be where they are, to never change." "That's Why Darkies Were Born" has been described as presenting a satirical view of racism, although historians have found no evidence that the song was ever performed in a satirical or joking manner. The song was openly criticized as racist by African American audiences in the early 1930s, and Mildred Bailey received many letters from the public urging her to stop performing it in 1931.
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The rabbis of the Talmud and later times interpreted the Shmita laws in various ways to ease the burden they created for farmers and the agricultural industry. The heter mechira (leniency of sale), developed for the Shmita year of 1888–1889, permitted Jewish farmers to sell their land to non-Jews so that they could continue to work the land as usual during Shmita. This temporary solution to the impoverishment of the Jewish settlement in those days was later adopted by the Chief Rabbinate of Israel as a permanent edict, generating ongoing controversy between Zionist and Haredi leaders to this day. There is a major debate among halakhic authorities as to what is the nature of the obligation of the Sabbatical year nowadays.
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In 1893, a group of Australian shearers fed up with the lack of job opportunities and security were persuaded by a controversial journalist, William Lane, to form the New Australia movement and over 2,000 prospective colonists signed up immediately.smh.com.au - Australian echoes in Paraguayan paradise Paraguay was eager to offer the Australian colonists 185,000 acres of fertile land. Having lost 90% of its male population only 20 years before in the Paraguayan War the country was desperate for manpower to work the land and re-populate the diminished nation.The Argentina Independent - New Australia: The Australian Colony in Paraguay The first group, almost entirely men, was meant to set everything up for the thousands who would follow, and create the world’s first great communist city.
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Rural tenancy refers to a type of sharecropping or tenancy arrangement that a landowner can use to make full use of property he may not otherwise be able to develop properly. A "tenant" or non-landowner will take residency on the property of the landowner and work the land in exchange for giving the landowner a percentage of the profits from the eventual crop. Tenancy can be unintrusive (where the tenant provides home, transportation, tools, seed, etc.) in which case the landowner gives the tenant a large portion of the profits or it can be intrusive (where the landowner provides home, food, tools, seed, etc. on credit) in which case the landowner will keep most or even all of the profits.
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Edward Rawson, the Secretary of the Colony of Massachusetts is recorded as the first European settler of Caryville and North Bellingham in the mid-1600s who owned a farm in the area. The land was given to him as a land grant by the Massachusetts General Court in Boston as a form of compensation for his work. The land which became the village of Caryville was passed on as an 800 acre parcel to William Rawson, his heir, who broke up the land and sold it in 1701. Thomas Burch bought 200 acres of the land along the Country Road, an early name for the modern day Hartford Avenue through the center of Caryville. Burch sold the land to John Metcalf in 1735.
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The settlement was created by the landowners, the Dukes of Newcastle, in the later part of the Nineteenth century to serve the Park and estate of Clumber. It was designed on a picturesque, Neo-Elizabethan style, with an asymmetrical aspect designed to give the impression of a traditional village which had grown ad hoc, and to no particular plan. Since the acquisition of Clumber Park by the National Trust, the village has been under a Covenant of the National Trust, and the village properties under tenancy, rather than tied cottages provided as homes for employees, as previously under the Dukes of Newcastle. Today commuters can be found living in the cottages, rather than estate/farm labourers, though the principal farm, Hardwick Grange, continues to work the land.
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Kazakhstanis generally express neutral attitudes towards Chinese migrants (55% of respondents in 2007). In 2012 this share with indifferent attitudes shrunk up to 44%, and the share of those with "poor" attitudes increased from 15 to 33%; respondents with positive attitudes accounted for 23% (26% in 2007). There is even some opposition to the presence or further migration of Uyghurs or Kazakhs from Xinjiang, because of the perception that their presence may draw more Chinese influence into the country as well. A 2009 proposal by the Chinese government to lease one million hectares of steppe for cultivation of soybeans sparked a series of protests in Almaty in December and January over the possibility that Chinese labourers would be brought to the country to work the land.
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In the aftermath of the slaughter of six million European Jews in the heart of Christian Europe, in the 1950s a movement sprung up of Christians who were not only profoundly shocked by this event, but also sought to give expression to a desire for a different relationship. This was to encompass the rejection of attempts to convert Jews to Christianity, and the desire for dialogue and mutual respect in place of confrontation and triumphalism. Among those thinking this way, were some who thought a concrete expression of this new approach could take the form of building a living Christian community in Israel. It would work the land and participate in the hardship of what was still a poor country under threat of war.
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In 1584 Perrot was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland, to replace Lord Grey de Wilton who had been recalled to England by the Queen two years earlier. His chief task was to establish the plantation of the southern province of Munster, a significant escalation of colonial policy. The Crown sought to parcel out lands at nominal rents from the confiscated estates of the lately defeated Earl of Desmond – some — on condition that the undertakers plant English farmers and labourers to build towns and work the land. Before he had time to begin in the south, Perrot got wind of raids into the northern province of Ulster by the Highland clans of Maclean and MacDonnell at the invitation of Sorley Boy MacDonnell.
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It covers an area of and as of 2002, it had a population of 5,723. Although the “prefix” “új”, meaning “new," seems to suggest that the town is of recent creation, it probably dates as far back in history as the neighboring Szabadkigyos "Free Kigyos" (see the date on the town's Coat of Arms pictured on this page). The town experienced a great expansion after World War II The Hungarian Communist Party was consolidating its power as part of its "transformation socialiste de la agriculture” 1 that was imposed on the rural population. Farming families from the surrounding countryside, most of whom had once worked as tenants of the recently departed gentry, were obliged to relocate to a central district and to work the land as part of collective.
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Some of the community were free peasants while others were villeins who provided the Lord of the manor with labour in exchange for the right to work the land. By 1300 it was "a thriving community of approximately 200 people", but during the 14th century decline set in: the population was unsustainably large, and a series of poor harvests around 1320 followed by the effects of the Black Death meant the village was almost wiped out. Only two householders were recorded in 1428, and even by the mid-19th century only about 80 people lived in the parish. The Ministry of Public Buildings and Works undertook an archaeological dig in summer 1954 and uncovered eight 13th- and 14th-century buildings and the remains of the parsonage north of the church, which had been destroyed by fire in 1666.
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They address their paternal cousins as wa-asa or wa'ia (for men is mwanaasa or mwanaa'ia, and for women is mwiitu wa'asa or mwiitu wa'ia), and the maternal cousins (mother's side) as wa mwendya (for men mwanaa mwendya; for women mwiitu wa mwendya). Children often move from one household to another with ease, and are made to feel at home by their aunts and uncles who, while in charge of their nephews/nieces, are their de facto parents. Grandparents (Susu or (grandmother), Umau or Umaa (grandfather)) help with the less strenuous chores around the home, such as rope-making, tanning leather, carving of beehives, three-legged wooden stools, cleaning and decorating calabashes, making bows and arrows, etc. Older women continue to work the land, as this is seen as a source of independence and economic security.
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But, slowly, she set up community health centers that provided services such as vaccinations, maternity care, and public health facilities throughout the islands of Guadeloupe. Manette married Guy Daninthe, a lawyer, who would become secretary general of the Guadeloupean Communist Party and co-founder of the General Confederation of Labour of Guadeloupe trade union movement. The couple would have two sons, Guy-Marie and Ernest, who they raised in Pointe-à- Pitre, but from the early 1960s went every weekend to work the land that they purchased in Barbotteau-Vernou in the commune of Petit-Bourg on the island of Basse-Terre. In 1958, she became the first president of the Union des Femmes Guadeloupéennes (Union of Guadeloupean Women) and was a staunch advocate for women's equality and empowerment, as well as their socio-economic development and ability to protect their families and children.
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The concept of civilians' involvement in war also developed in connection with general development and change of the ideological attitude to the state. In feudal society and also in absolute monarchy the state was perceived as essentially belonging to the monarch and the aristocracy, ruling over a mass of passive commoners; wars were perceived as a contest between rival rulers, conducted "above the head" of the commoners, who were expected to submit to the victor. However even given this, in feudal societies the income of estates and nations, and therefore the wealth and power of monarchs and aristocrats, was proportional to the number of commoners available to work the land. By killing, terrorizing, destroying property and driving away a nobleman's serfs, a tactic known as chevauchée, an attacker could hope either to diminish the strength of an opponent or to force an opponent to give battle.
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Alberta gave birth to a girl who they named Elizabeth. In 1952 Earle Seaton, who was practising law in Moshi, Tanganyika, at the time, appeared before the United Nations Trusteeship Council to present the case of the Meru people, who had been evicted from their legally purchased land by order of the British colonial government, reportedly to turn it over to Europeans who were better equipped to work the land with modern methods. Though the British declared smaller numbers, the Meru reported 2,993 people were evicted and their livestock turned into the bush: 2,190 head of cattle, 8,984 sheep and goats, 325 donkeys, 333 dogs, 479 cats, and 1,896 chickens. After two hearings, all members of the Council chastised the British for their improper handling of the matter, but nonetheless upheld the eviction, saying that the Meru should be generously compensated for their loss.
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23 In 1924, the British Army contracted the Palestine Electric Company for wired electric power. The contract allowed the Electric Company to extend the grid beyond the original geographical limits that had been projected by the concession it was given. The high-tension line that exceeded the limits of the original concession ran along some major towns and agricultural settlements, offering extended connections to the Jewish towns of Rishon Le-Zion, Ness Ziona and Rehovot (in spite of their proximity to the high-tension line, the Arab towns of Ramleh and Lydda remained unconnected). In 1931, the first workers moshav, Kfar Marmorek, was built on lands acquired by the Jewish National Fund in 1926 from the village Zarnuqa, in which ten Yemenite Jewish families evicted from Kinneret in 1931 were resettled to work the land, and later joined by thirty-five other families from Sha'araim.
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Environmentalists and indigenous peoples have been viewed as opponents to economic growth and barriers to development due to the fact that much of the land that indigenous tribes live on could be used for development projects, including dams, and more industrialization. Groups self-identifying as indigenous may lack intersubjective recognition, thus claims to TIs, which can involve the demarcation of large areas of territory and threaten to dispossess established local communities, can be challenged by others, even neighbouring kinship groups, on the grounds that those making the claims are not 'real Indians', due to factors such as historical intermarriage (miscegenation), cultural assimilation, and stigma against self-identifying as indigenous. Claims to TIs can also be opposed by major landowning families from the rubber era, or by the peasants that work the land, who may instead prefer to support the concept of the extractive reserve.
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Land reform was undertaken in Romania according to the Soviet model of collectivization; as in other Communist states, the government wished to deprive the church of its land, because the church was a major land owner in the country. The Romanian Government was very cautious to avoid acting in a confrontational manner on this issue, and therefore it arranged it such that priests went on an individual basis to publicly state that they could not work the land and because they wished to support the Communist transformation of Romania, they were therefore freely giving their land to the people. The Patriarch applauded the measure, and called on the peasantry to follow suit by giving up their land to collectivization. In his pastoral letter on collectivization, the Patriarch applauded the 'high' level of religious freedom present in Romania, wherein the state not only guaranteed but 'defended' the church, and he denounced the previous concordat in Romania that had brought injustice to the church.
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The social and economic dominance of a small number of large landholders and the very high percentage of the rural population who were poor and landless peasants make it easy to see why the simple rich-poor categorization of provincial society was prevalent at the time. It is also clear, however, that almost all observers of these events had little difficulty in retrospectively identifying the different socioeconomic positions of the protagonists of social conflict in the 1930s in terms of the more highly differentiated class categories of a later period, even though the exact designations and terminology may have been applied retrospectively. The seems to have been a case of a new analytic framework so exactly fitting the reality of the times that it seemed always to have been true. Everyone knew, for example, that landlords were people who owned more land than was necessary to support their families, and that they did not work the land but rented it out.
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The Northern Transversal Strip was officially created during the government of General Carlos Arana Osorio in 1970, by Legislative Decree 60-70, for agricultural development. The decree stated: "It is of public interest and national emergency, the establishment of Agrarian Development Zones in the area included within the municipalities: Santa Ana Huista, San Antonio Huista, Nentón, Jacaltenango, San Mateo Ixtatán, and Santa Cruz Barillas in Huehuetenango; Chajul and San Miguel Uspantán in Quiché; Cobán, Chisec, San Pedro Carchá, Lanquín, Senahú, Cahabón and Chahal, in Alta Verapaz and the entire department of Izabal." On 27 May 1978, when natives from San Vicente (in Panzós) went to work the land on the shores of the Polochic river, the sons of a local landlord showed up with several armed soldiers, and intimidated the natives to stop demanding land for themselves. The same day, the military detained two peasants in La Soledad, and roughed up several more.
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Historically, Ashton appears to have primarily been an agriculturally focused area as according to the 1831 census the number of males over 20 in labor based occupation was 41, and the number of males defined under Middling sorts was 27, which covers 76.40% of the overall male population over 20 that was in occupation at the time. At this time, Middling sorts was defined as middle class, normally small scale farmers not employing their own workers or those with the skills of manufacturing or handcrafting. However, since the census data for occupational categories shows us that 57 workers were into agriculture and 15 into handicraft and there has only been records of farmhouses and large areas of farmland on the land of Ashton it is most likely that these middle class workers owned their own farmland. The record of 21 employers and professionals in Ashton in 1831 therefore were most likely upper class land owners employing the laborers to work the land.
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Unlike other parishes in Penwith, such as St Just, St Buryan was not a major focus of tin mining activity during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, having a mainly agrarian economy. After a spike in population in the early 19th century that is mirrored across the district and coincides both with the arrival of the railways and increased tin mining activity in Penwith, the population of the parish gradually declined over the next two hundred years (see figure right), in part due to the increased mechanisation of farming that the industrial revolution brought, requiring fewer people to work the land. China clay, Cornwall's other great mining export in addition to tin, was mined in the parish for a brief period in the nineteenth century at two pits at Tredinney Common (1880) and Bartinney Downs by the Land's End China Clay Company. Traction engines were still a novelty in 1884 and one used for the transport of 30 tons of clay for shipment from Penzance drew large crowds.
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Villages around Safad, 1945 Ein Zeitim was founded by members of the Dorshei Zion (Seekers of Zion) society, a Zionist pioneer group from Minsk.Jewish rural settlement in Cyprus 1882–1935: A “springboard” or a destiny? Despite strong opposition by the Turkish government, the settlers managed to establish farms with olive groves, orchards and dairy and poultry. Ein Zeitim was built 800m north of the Arab village Ein al-Zeitun, which had commonly been called Ein Zeitim in Hebrew and had been a mixed Arab-Jewish village during the Middle Ages.; for location, "Safad 1:100000" map by Dept. of Lands & Surveys, 1935. In 1891 some speculators bought 430 hectares of land about 3 km north of Safed, and sold it to a party of laborers. Unable to work the land properly, the new owners transferred it to Baron de Rothschild, with whose assistance 750,000 vines and many fruit-trees were planted in the course of six or seven years, and during this time a number of houses were built.
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Tsvi Misinai claims that the majority of the Palestinian people—including those with Israeli citizenship or residency, known variously as Arab citizens of Israel, Arab Israelis, Israeli Arabs, including the Bedouin Arabs of Israel—are descendants of the ancient Hebrews, as most of the world's Jewish ethnic divisions are. Furthermore, he claims that at least half of them are quietly aware of this fact.Arabs of Jewish Descent in Israel – 9 August 2009, Israel National News According to Misinai, unlike the ancestors of the modern day Jews who were city dwellers to a large extent, the Hebrew ancestors of the Palestinians were rural dwellers, and were allowed to remain in the land of Israel to work the land and supply Rome with grain and olive oil. Misinai states the topic of Hebrew origin was spoken of openly by Palestinians until relatively recent history, much like the Egyptians or Lebanese are aware of their origins in the ancient Egyptians and Phoenicians respectively, even if these ancestral origin topics arouse the passions in those countries among those wishing to either stress or de- emphasise them.
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Religion and the establishment of places of worship have played an important role in the colonial expansion and settlement of New South Wales. As the boundaries of the colony expanded and settlers pushed into previously unestablished areas, the government ensured religion followed to cater for the spiritual education and morality of the settlers. As for the Northern Tablelands region, European settlement came as early as 1832 as pastoralists searched beyond the colonial boundaries for new land on which to run their stock. At this time, the early settlers of the district were in fact illegal squatters who only gained colonial approval to work the land in 1836 with the passing of legislation recognizing the pastoralist's rights to graze (but not own) the land (for an annual fee of ten pounds). Religion soon followed the pastoralists into the newly declared township of Armidale (established in the late 1840s) with the first formal Christian service being held in 1845 by Bishop William Broughton, on his first and only visit to Armidale.
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