330 Sentences With "paraplegia" | Random Sentence Generator

A full half of the patients were upgraded to an incomplete paraplegia.

I'm raising Spike in honor of my late brother Kyle, who died from complications of his paraplegia.

Between 255,000-600,000 Americans can't walk because of paraplegia, or leg paralysis usually linked to spinal damage.

Gypsy has a long list of conditions: epilepsy, leukemia, a heart murmur, muscular dystrophy, learning disabilities, paraplegia, anemia.

In the FES bike race, competitors with paraplegia artificially "pedal" by stimulating motor nerves to cause muscle contraction.

Specific events reported include, but are not limited to, spinal cord infarction, paraplegia, quadriplegia, cortical blindness, and stroke.

Michela Alioto, a woman with paraplegia, undergoes physical therapy with the aid of an Apple II Plus on Sept.

More reports of ill-fated procedures have since surfaced across the country, the worst resulting in kidney failure and paraplegia.

Jennifer Williams chose to raise a Canine Companion in honor of her brother Kyle, who died from complications of paraplegia.

"She's got paraplegia, epilepsy, heart murmur and she's allergic to sugar," Dee Dee tells a doctor as Gypsy Rose sits silently.

Her husband died on March 6, 2016, from deterioration and infection of his hips and pelvis, a consequence of his paraplegia.

Müller, 23, cannot move his legs and sustained an "incomplete paraplegia" after the accident, which happened Wednesday during training in Tauplitz, Austria.

Four of the participants originally classified as completely paralyzed were reclassified as having incomplete paraplegia, a less severe form of spinal injury.

Johnson, who has a mental illness and paraplegia, received a $4 million settlement in 2015 that Avenatti is accused of concealing from him for years.

The 2012 French dramedy "The Intouchables," about an unlikely friendship between an uptight aristocrat with paraplegia and an employee, was a box-office sensation overseas.

Addiction led to prostitution, and then AIDS, and then hospitalization for much of last year, and paraplegia and, at 45, a life closing in on death.

Avery Price has hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) syndrome, a condition similar to cerebral palsy, which makes it difficult for him to use his legs, Fox 17 reports.

For one, Jaime is responsible for Bran Stark's paraplegia (though now that Bran's the Three-Eyed Raven, he'd probably assuage Jaime's guilt by unemotionally saying, "It was written").

"One previous study has shown that a large percentage of patients who are diagnosed as having complete paraplegia may still have some spinal nerves left intact," Nicolelis said.

William Tan, a 59-year-old doctor with paraplegia who survived stage IV leukemia, has set his sights on ending his wheelchair-racing career at the Rio Paralympics.

Anything in the middle of the spine will cause paraplegia, or lower limb paralysis, and higher points of injury may result in quadriplegia, or paralysis in all four limbs.

As the Apium van made its way along the Ernakulum coast in Kerala, Upasarna and the nurses monitored the morphine doses for patients struggling with paraplegia or chemotherapy treatments.

In The Act, Dee Dee (played by Patricia Arquette) rattles off a list of her daughter's conditions: She has epilepsy, leukemia, a heart murmur, muscular dystrophy, learning disabilities, paraplegia, anemia.

The 23-year-old cannot move his legs and has suffered an "incomplete paraplegia" after the accident which happened during training on the Kulm hill in Tauplitz, they told reporters.

How it works Paraplegia is often caused by injury within someone's spinal cord or nerves, meaning nerve signals cannot be transmitted between the brain and the rest of the body, such as the legs.

The transition to humans The goal for all researchers in this field is to apply these technologies to humans and improve the everyday lives of people with paraplegia, which the team plans to do.

But in the past, he said, marijuana had been important to him because it eased the pain associated with a medical condition called hereditary spastic paraplegia, which makes it difficult for him to walk.

Dee Dee claims that Gypsy Rose has a slew of medical conditions, telling a doctor in the trailer that Gypsy Rose suffers from paraplegia, epilepsy, heart murmurs, and an allergy from sugar, to name a few.

Gypsy, who is currently serving 10 years in federal prison, was raised to believe that she was perpetually sick, suffering a whole litany of ailments and conditions that included, among other things, paraplegia, epilepsy, heart murmurs, and a sugar allergy.

The characters tick familiar boxes: Scotty (Grant Rosenmeyer), who has paraplegia, is the crass, childish one; the visually impaired Mo (Ravi Patel) is a nervous stickler for the rules; and Matt (Hayden Szeto), who uses a wheelchair, is the straight man.

I hope it will make things move even more rapidly when you say rapidly it's never rapid enough for the people who have paraplegia," said Milekovic before going onto note, "our study was in large majority funded by the public research funds.

But another commonality unites the toddlers, who are the only known people in the country, and two of 11 in the entire world, diagnosed with an extremely rare disease called SPG-47 or hereditary spastic paraplegia type 47 that causes a decline in everyday cognitive and physical functions.

"The [new] study presents encouraging findings which demonstrate that a combination of a non-invasive brain-computer interface for restoration of walking and tactile feedback can lead to improvements in both motor and sensory functions in a small group of individuals with paraplegia, or the inability to walk," he said.

She'd been through it all with me — my diagnosis of a rare spine cancer two years ago, the radical multistage surgery, the long rehab stint, the longer convalescence at home, and the eventual finding that I'd suffered a complication in surgery that caused a spinal cord injury and what will probably be permanent paraplegia.

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Here's an incomplete list, in alphabetical order, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation and other sources: Acne AIDS or HIV Alcohol or drug abuse with recent treatment Allergies Alzheimer's or dementiaAnemia (if taking Epoetin/Epogen) Anorexia Arthritis or other inflammatory joint diseases Asthma BulimiaCaesarean section Cancer within a certain time period, eg 10 years Cerebral palsy Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) including emphysema Congestive heart failure Crohn's disease Cystic fibrosis Diabetes Domestic violence Ear infections EpilepsyGender reassignment surgery Heart or coronary artery disease and bypass surgery Hemophilia Hepatitis High cholesterol High blood pressureIncontinenceKidney stones Kidney disease or renal failure Lupus Mental disorders (including anxiety, autism, bipolar disorder, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, postpartum depression, schizophrenia) Menstrual irregularities Migraines Multiple sclerosis Muscular dystrophyNarcolepsy (if taking Xyrem) Obesity (BMI of 40 or more) Organ transplant Paraplegia Paralysis Parkinson's disease Pending surgery or hospitalization Pneumocystic pneumonia Pregnancy or expectant parent (including men) Rape and sexual assault (e.g.

Mutations of the SPG11 gene cause a rare form of spastic paraplegia, spastic paraplegia type 11.

Spastic paraplegia 23 (SPG autosomal recessive) is a 25cM gene locus at 1q24-q32. A genomewide linkage screen has associated this locus with a type of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP).

Since then, he has had paraplegia and uses a wheelchair.

REEP2 mutations have been reported in families with hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Mutations in this gene have been associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia.

However, mutations in KIF1C lead to spastic paraplegia and cerebellar dysfunction in humans.

If four limbs are affected by paralysis, tetraplegia or quadriplegia is the correct term. If only one limb is affected, the correct term is monoplegia. Spastic paraplegia is a form of paraplegia defined by spasticity of the affected muscles, rather than flaccid paralysis.

Dysfunction of PI4K2A may contribute to tumour growth, spastic paraplegia, Gaucher's disease, or Alzheimer's disease.

Here patients are treated with diseases or abnormalities of the spine and impending or occurring Paraplegia.

Liu was born in Jinzhou, China in 1990. A tumor to his spine left him with paraplegia.

Mutations in this gene have been associated with the human genetic disease autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia 6.

Spastic paraplegia 14 (autosomal recessive) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPG14 gene.

Spastic paraplegia 5B (autosomal recessive) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPG5B gene.

Spastic paraplegia 9 (autosomal dominant) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPG9 gene.

Many conditions that cause paraplegia or quadriplegia begin as monoplegia. Thus, the diagnosis of spinal paraplegia must also be consulted. In addition, multiple cerebral disorders that cause hemiplegia may begin as monoplegia. Monoplegia is also frequently associated with, and considered to be the mildest form of, cerebral palsy.

Paraplegia is a condition usually resulting from injury to the spinal cord. This was a long-term interest of Gull's dating back at least to his three Goulstonian lectures of 1848, titled "On the nervous system", "Paraplegia" and "Cervical paraplegia – hemiplegia".Medical Papers, pp. 109–162 Gull divided paraplegia into three groups: spinal, peripheral, and encephalic, where the spinal group related to paralyses caused by damage to the spinal cord; the peripheral group comprised disorders that occur when multiple parts of the nervous system fail simultaneously; and the encephalic group comprised partial paralyses caused by a failure of the central nervous system, possibly related to failure of the blood supply or a syphilitic condition.

The claimant suffered from pain in her neck, right shoulder, and arms. Her neurosurgeon took her consent for cervical cord decompression, but did not include in his explanation the fact that in less than 1% of the cases, the said decompression caused paraplegia. She developed paraplegia after the spinal operation.

Spastic paraplegia 16 (complicated, X-linked recessive) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPG16 gene.

Sarrias was the Spanish representative of IMSOP (The International Medical Society of Paraplegia), and he was both the initiator and president of SEP (Spanish Society of Paraplegia). He was a member of the editorial board of the journal Paraplegia Spinal Cord. In 1992 he organized the IMSOP Annual Scientific Meeting in Barcelona coinciding with the Paralympic Games; in the same year he was awarded the gold medal of the Club Européen de Santé and was elected a life member of the Académie Médicale Européenne de Réadaptation.

If four limbs are affected by paralysis, tetraplegia or quadriplegia is the correct term. If only one limb is affected, the correct term is monoplegia. Spastic paraplegia is a form of paraplegia defined by spasticity of the affected muscles, rather than flaccid paralysis. The American Spinal Injury Association classifies spinal cord injury severity.

Yang was born in Shishi, China in 1978. In 1996 she was struck by a falling object resulting in paraplegia.

Laurence–Moon syndrome (LMS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder associated with retinitis pigmentosa, spastic paraplegia, and mental disabilities.

Lo Giudice, T. et al., 2014. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: Clinical-genetic characteristics and evolving molecular mechanisms. Experimental Neurology, 261, pp.518–539.

Paraplegia is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. The word comes from Ionic Greek () "half-stricken". It is usually caused by spinal cord injury or a congenital condition that affects the neural (brain) elements of the spinal canal. The area of the spinal canal that is affected in paraplegia is either the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions.

Enzo Masiello confronted with paraplegia following a traffic accident at the age of 18 which persuaded him to take the sport of wheelchair athletics.

She had a part in the Jodie Foster film Mesmerized. In 2003, Hood was diagnosed with HSP (hereditary spastic paraplegia). She is a wheelchair user.

On September 18, 2001, Karen Brain fell off her horse Miko, shattering her T12 vertebrae and puncturing a lung. The accident resulted in incomplete paraplegia.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of inherited diseases whose main feature is a progressive gait disorder. The disease presents with progressive stiffness (spasticity) and contraction in the lower limbs. HSP is also known as hereditary spastic paraparesis, familial spastic paraplegia, French settlement disease, Strumpell disease, or Strumpell-Lorrain disease. The symptoms are a result of dysfunction of long axons in the spinal cord.

There may also be a link of reticulons to multiple sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia. The serum of patients with multiple sclerosis contains autoantibodies against the isoform A-specific region of RTN4. In the most common mutated protein in hereditary spastic paraplegia, spastin, there was an interaction with both RTN1 and RTN3 through two-hybrid screening. Lastly, reticulons can be associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Spinal Cord Injuries Australia (SCIA) is a non-government organisation which provides advocacy and services to people with spinal cord injury (paraplegia, quadriplegia) and similar conditions.

Mutations in the L1 protein are the cause of L1 syndrome, sometimes known by the acronym CRASH (corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, aphasia, spastic paraplegia and hydrocephalus).

Stack was taken to hospital in a coma. He awoke with paraplegia and brain damage and remained in hospital until his death on 29 September 1984.

Kerri-Anne Weston (née Connor) (born 3 April 1963) is an Australian swimmer with paraplegia who won five medals at the 1984 New York/Stoke Mandeville Paralympics.

Defects in this gene have been reported to cause spastic paraplegia autosomal dominant type 42 (SPG42) in one Chinese family, but not in similar patients of European descent.

Mutations in FARS2 have been associated to combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 14, spastic paraplegia 77, and infantile-onset epilepsy and cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. Both combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 14 and spastic paraplegia 77 are autosomal recessive in nature and have been linked to several pathogenic variants including Y144C, I329T, D391V, and D142Y. Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 14 is characterized by neonatal onset of global developmental delay, refractory seizures, lactic acidosis, and deficiencies of multiple mitochondrial respiratory enzymes. Spastic paraplegia, meanwhile, is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs, with patients often exhibiting difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking.

Although clinical signs of myelomalacia are observed within the onset (start) of paraplegia, sometimes they may become evident only in the post-operative period, or even days after the onset of paraplegia. Death from myelomalacia may occur as a result of respiratory paralysis when the ascending lesion (abnormal damaged tissue) reaches the motor nuclei of the phrenic nerves (nerves between the C3-C5 region of the spine) in the cervical (neck) region.

He also developed sacral anterior root stimulators for bladder control in paraplegic patients. Brindley GS, Polkey CE, Rushton DN. Sacral anterior root stimulators for bladder control in paraplegia. Paraplegia. 1982 Dec;20(6):365-81. Trained in Cambridge and London Hospital, he saw service in the RAF before taking up academic appointments first in Cambridge and then at the University of London, authoring more than 100 scientific papers in a variety of subjects.

Currently, FAM166 is not associated within a human disease or condition. Despite being located on Spastic paraplegia 46, a locus on chromosome 9, that is known to cause an autosomal-recessive disease called hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), FAM166B was determined not to be the gene responsible for the disease due to its frequency in the population controls. FAM166B was excluded from a patent looking for genes that are prognosis predictors for classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL).

Davidson was born on 9 May 1987. He contracted viral transverse myelitis at the age of five months and this led to paraplegia. He attended Parkdale Secondary College in Melbourne.

Taking into account its cytogenetic location, this UBA domain family member is being studies as a putative target for mutation in nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Truncating Mutations in UBAP1 Cause Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia.

She was born in Geelong, Victoria. At the age of six, she collapsed due to a rare spinal virus and this affected her lower back and caused her long term incomplete paraplegia.

After the accident, Kira Grünberg was hospitalised in the Universitätsklinikum Innsbruck. After the doctors diagnosed a broken fifth cervical vertebra and a resulting paraplegia, Kira was operated with the goal of stabilising the spinal column and avoiding further damages but the paraplegia could not be avoided anymore. Three months after the accident, she was transferred to a rehabilitation clinic in the Austrian city Bad Häring where she stayed for seven months. The public demonstrated great sympathy for the young athlete's fate.

Mutations in the SPG21 (ACP33/maspardin) gene are associated with the mast syndrome, a type of spastic paraplegia. The protein encoded by the SPG21 gene has been shown to interact with the ALDH16A1 enzyme.

The International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) was founded in 1961 as the International Medical Society of Paraplegia. It is an INGO, whose purpose is to study all problems relating to lesions of the spinal cord.

Elizabeth "Libby" Dudley Kosmala (née Richards), OAM (born 8 July 1942) is an Australian shooter with paraplegia. She represented Australia at twelve Paralympics from 1972 to 2016, and won thirteen medals, nine of them gold.

After 22 years of paraplegia, and loss of sensation from the waist down, Clopatofsky was able to regain sensation in his legs and successfully took his first steps thanks to physical therapy and the operation.

Mutations in this gene result in autosomal-recessive spastic paraplegia. The protein is also the target for neurodegeneration induced by organophosphorus compounds and chemical warfare agents. Recessively-inherited mutations in NTE that substantially reduce its catalytic activity cause a rare form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG39), in which distal parts of long spinal axons degenerate leading to limb weakness and paralysis. Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy a paralysing syndrome with distal degeneration of long axons results from poisoning with neuropathic organophosphorus compounds that irreversibly inhibit NTE.

Subject with Paraplegia Operates BCI- controlled RoGO (4x) at YouTube.com In 2009 Alex Blainey, an independent researcher based in the UK, successfully used the Emotiv EPOC to control a 5 axis robot arm.Alex Blainey controls a cheap consumer robot arm using the EPOC headset via a serial relay port at YouTube.com He then went on to make several demonstration mind controlled wheelchairs and home automation that could be operated by people with limited or no motor control such as those with paraplegia and cerebral palsy.

He visited the United States and Canada to study paraplegia which was common after coal mining accidents. Paraplegia remained an interest throughout his career, and he campaigned to establish a spinal unit at Lodge Moor Hospital in Fulwood, South Yorkshire. He became President of the British Orthopaedic Association, Senior Vice President of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and an Honorary Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. He received a knighthood in 1968, and became professor at the University of Sheffield in 1969.

Impaired blood flow through these critical radicular arteries, especially during surgical procedures that involve abrupt disruption of blood flow through the aorta for example during aortic aneurysm repair, can result in spinal cord infarction and paraplegia.

The speed of the highlighting determines the number of characters processed per minute. Results from studies using this setup show that normal subjects could achieve a 95% success rate at 3.4–4.3 chars/min. Such success rates are not limited to non-disabled users; a study conducted in 2000 revealed that 4 paralyzed participants (one with complete paraplegia, three with incomplete paraplegia) performed as successfully as 10 normal participants. Scientific research often relies on measurement of the P300 to examine event related potentials, especially with regard to decision making.

Mutations associated with this gene cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 7, a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. SPG7 mutations have also been associated with other undiagnosed ataxia. In model animals, knockdown of spastic paraplegia 7 by siRNA inhibits the early stages of HIV-1 replication in 293T cells infected with VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1. It has been shown that an SPG7 variant escapes phosphorylation-regulated processing by AFG3L2 and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and is correlated with many clinical phenotypes.

Clinically, the disease is manifested with attacks/relapses that result in neurological impairment such as blindness, paraplegia, sensory loss, bladder dysfunction, and peripheral pain. The disability from each attack is cumulative, making NMOSD a chronically debilitating and potentially life- threatening disease.

KIAA0196 (also known as strumpellin) is a human gene. The product is a protein that is a component of the WASH complex, which regulates actin assembly on intracellular vesicles. Mutations in KIAA0196 are implicated in some forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia.

The International Medical Society of Paraplegia was founded in 1961. The first President was Sir Ludwig Guttmann. In September 2001, at the General Meeting in Nottwil, Switzerland, it was agreed another name of the Society: The International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS).

Paraplegia - An injury to the cord in the thoracic (T1-T12) or lumbar spine (L1-L5) may affect the legs and trunk (abdomen and lower back) as well as bladder, bowel and sexual function, but arms and hands remain unaffected.

By 1 August Ms Albrighton became unable to walk. All traction was stopped on 2 August, however her spinal cord was totally severed leaving her a paraplegic. Professor Gye saw Ms Albrighton on 2 August however the paraplegia was irrevocable.

Frameshift mutations associated with this gene cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 20 (Troyer syndrome). Troyer syndrome (SPG20) is a complicated type of hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs). HSP is a category of neurological disorder characterized by spasticity and muscle weakness in the lower limbs.

It is associated with mutations in the ATP13A2 gene. This gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p36.13). Mutations in this gene have also been associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia, uncomplicated early - or late- onset parkinsonism and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.

At the outbreak of World War II, Bors joined the Army Medical Corps.The American Paraplegia Society 1954-2004: Our legacy, our future. J Spinal Cord Med. 2004;27(4):287-303. Bors became interested in spinal cord injury while caring for veterans after the war.

Another mutation, ARG212CYS, has been shown to cause Dystonia 9 (DYT9), an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by childhood onset of paroxysmal choreoathetosis and progressive spastic paraplegia. Most patients show some degree of cognitive impairment. Other variable features may include seizures, migraine headaches, and ataxia.

It gives an account of the existing knowledge of hemiplegia, paraplegia, paralysis of separate nerves, epilepsy, apoplexy, lethargy, and hydrocephalus internus, without major innovations. The method is comparable to that of his friend Thomas Young in his Practical and Historical Treatise on Consumptive Diseases (1815).

He also had works published involving studies of tetanus, diabetes, paraplegia and muscular atrophy. The eponymous Clarke's nucleus (also known as the column of Clarke or as the "nucleus dorsalis of Clarke") is a name sometimes given for the dorsal nucleus of the spinal cord.

Schaffelhuber was born in Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. She was born with an incomplete spinal cord and as a result has paraplegia and uses a wheelchair. She began monoskiing at age five and at age fourteen received a scholarship to join a national junior skiing programme.

He is a prominent figure in the disability rights movement; Hockenberry sustained a spinal cord injury in a car crash at age 19, which left him with paraplegia from the chest down. In late 2017, several colleagues accused Hockenberry of harassment, unwanted touching and bullying.

Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Other alternative splice variants have been described but their full length sequences have not been determined. Mutations associated with this gene cause the most frequent form of autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia 4.

Fitzsimmons–Guilbert syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disease characterized by a slowly progressive spastic paraplegia, skeletal anomalies of the hands and feet with brachydactyly type E, cone-shaped epiphyses, abnormal metaphyseal–phalangeal pattern profile, sternal anomaly (pectus carinatum or excavatum), dysarthria, and mild intellectual deficit.

This gene encodes a protein which contains a FYVE zinc finger binding domain. The presence of this domain is thought to target these proteins to Membrane lipids through interaction with Phospholipids in the membrane. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia-15.

MASA syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive neurological disorder on the L1 disorder spectrum belonging in the group of hereditary spastic paraplegias a paraplegia known to increase stiffness spasticity in the lower limbs. This syndrome also has two other names, CRASH syndrome and Gareis-Mason syndrome.

Australia's Kylie Gauci is a 2 point player. 2 point player and 2.5 point player is a disability sport classification for wheelchair basketball. People in this class have partial trunk control when making forward motions. The class includes people with T8-L1 paraplegia, post-polio paralysis and amputations.

Ochoa was born on October 4, 1978 in Valencia. She has paraplegia as a result of an accident when she was 14 years old. She has an undergraduate degree in business management from a Spanish university. In 2004, she lived in Valencia and was working as a financial manager.

The first is ichthyosis, which is a buildup of skin to form a scale-like covering that causes dry skin and other problems. The second identifier is paraplegia which is characterized by leg spasms. The final identifier is intellectual delay. The gene of SLS is found on chromosome 17.

Frank Lionel Watts, CMG, MBE, (1928–2000), known simply as Lionel Watts, was an Australian disability advocate and founder of Australian disability service provider, House with No Steps. House with No Steps is now known as Aruma. In 1956, Watts contracted chronic bulbar poliomyelitis which left him with paraplegia.

From around the world other Military doctors visit Birmingham General Hospital to learn about this new traumatic spinal cord center.The American Paraplegia Society 1954-2004: Our legacy, our future. J Spinal Cord Med. 2004;27(4):287-303.Bors EHJ, Comarr AE. Neurological Urology, Physiology of Micturition, Its Neurological Disorders and Sequelae.

Mario Hochberg trained in weightlifting and bench press even before he was disabled by an industrial accident in 1995. After the accident he was diagnosed with permanent spinal injury (Complete paraplegia TH 10). Mario Hochberg is still an athlete, father, caretaker, EU pensioner, club chairman Gotha beer keg lifter eV.

Comparing key muscle innervations for spinal cord levels compared to cycling and athletics classifications. Wheelchair sport classification includes a number of disabilities that cause problems with the spinal cord. These include paraplegia, quadriplegia, muscular dystrophy, post-polio syndrome and spina bifida. Minimal qualification for wheelchair sport is minimal body function impairment.

Reimer was born on 21 January 1940 in Swift Current, Saskatchewan. At the age of three, he contacted polio, leaving him with paraplegia. He later moved to Abbotsford, British Columbia, where he lived with his two sons and daughter. Reimer died on 9 June 2008 at the age of 68.

During her pregnancy, physicians advised her to abort due to her paraplegia and to her fetus' brain defect. However, she decided to give birth, risking her own life. Two years after her accident, she became the mother of a daughter. Six years after her daughter's birth, she and her husband separated.

In 1966, a thrombosis on his spinal column caused permanent paraplegia. For the rest of his life he used a wheelchair and drove adapted cars. In 1972, the Pierrot Players renamed themselves the Fires of London, and Hacker continued to perform with them until 1976. In 1971, he founded his own group, Matrix.

Souhad Ghazouani (born 7 August 1982) is a French powerlifter born with paraplegia. She started lifting weights at age six. At the 2004 Summer Paralympics she won silver and in that same year was made a Knight of the National Order of Merit. At the 2008 Summer Paralympics she won a bronze.

3 point player is a disability sport classification for wheelchair basketball. People in this class have good forward and backward trunk movement but poor to no sideways trunk movement. The class includes people with L2-L4 paraplegia and amputations. Amputees are put into this class generally if they have hip disarticulations or hip abductions.

Thoracic aortic injury is the 2nd leading cause of death involving both blunt trauma. 80% of patients that have a thoracic aortic injury will die immediately. Of the patients that do make it to be evaluated only 50% will survive 24 hours. Of the patients that do survive the first 24 hours 14% develop paraplegia.

His paraplegia confines Bruce to a wheelchair. Unable to teach anymore, he ordered his friends to close down the school, and they reluctantly oblige. With Linda's help, Bruce writes a book about his martial arts theories. Linda decides to bring Brandon home, who had been staying with her mother since Bruce injured his back.

Contribution à l'étude de la paraplégie spasmodique familiale: travail de la clinique des maladies du système nerveux à la Salpêtrière. G. Steinheil, 1898. Due to their contribution in describing the disease, it is still named Strümpell-Lorrain disease in French speaking countries. The term hereditary spastic paraplegia was coined by Anita Harding in 1983.

The viral genus Cyclovirus is a genus in the family Circoviridae. Viruses in this genus have been isolated from dragonflies, as well as chickens, goats, sheep, and other farm animals. Cycloviruses have also been found in the feces of healthy humans and chimpanzees and in samples of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with unexplained paraplegia.

Ursula Schwaller was born on 26 June 1976. In 2002, she suffered an accident while mountain trekking causing her to suffer from paraplegia due to a spinal injury. She was already active in sports, but following the injury she decided to take up para-sports instead. For example, she took up cycling using a handcycle.

However his disdain for the "system" was still apparent and he revealed secrets to manipulate the seriousness of paraplegia to the newly injured Rangi Heremaia (Blair Strang). The "bad-ass, wheelchair-bound drug dealer" portrayal of Craig was later identified as, "one of the show's more memorable characters" by a reviewer from The New Zealand Herald.

Class 4 players are able to push and stop the wheelchair with rapid acceleration and maximal forward movement of the trunk. Typical Class 4 Disabilities include : L5-S1 paraplegia, with control of hip abduction and extension movements on at least one side. Post-polio paralysis with one leg involvement. Hemipelvectomy. Single above- knee amputees with short residual limbs.

35, 1987. 15% of long term users may develop skin injuries, including inflammation, ulceration, necrosis, gangrene and constriction of the penis.Golji, H., “Complications of External Condom Drainage,” Paraplegia (19), 1981. Sizing can also prove difficult for some men, leading to dislodgement of the catheter and urine spillage during voiding (commonly referred to as pop- offs or blow-offs).

The Flemish boys Lars, Philip and Jozef are somewhere between 20 and 30 years of age and each has a physical handicap. Jozef is almost blind and needs to use a magnifier. Philip suffers from paraplegia. He can only move his head and can use one hand which gives him the strength to control his automated wheelchair.

Kinesin heavy chain isoform 5A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIF5A gene. This gene encodes a member of the kinesin family of proteins. Members of this family are part of a multisubunit complex that functions as a microtubule motor in intracellular organelle transport. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia 10.

Mutations in KIF5A were reported to cause hereditary spastic paraplegia type 10 (SPG1) by Douglas Marchuk in 2002. In 2018, mutations in KIF5A were also found to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by Bryan Traynor and John Landers. KIF5A also plays a role in Alzheimer's disease by modulating the toxic effect of beta- amyloid on axonal transport of mitochondria.

In January 2003, he was in a motor vehicle accident that resulted in paraplegia. While going through rehabilitation, he tried three sports, table tennis, swimming and wheelchair basketball. At the 2013 Benalmádena Grand Gala Sports, he was given a special award for perseverance and dedication. Rodríguez has made several music videos, and has done work for Antena 3.

Individuals with paraplegia can range in their level of disability, requiring treatments to vary from case to case. Rehabilitation aims to help the patient regain as much functionality and independence as possible. Physiotherapy may help to improve strength, range of motion, stretching and transfer skills. Most paraplegics will be dependent on a wheelchair as a mode of transportation.

A mutation (c.947A>T) in CYP2U1 has been associated with a small number of patients with Hereditary spastic paraplegia in that it segregates with the disease at the homozygous state in two afflicted families. The mutation affects an amino acid (p.Asp316Val) highly conserved among CYP2U1 orthologs as well as other cytochrome P450 proteins; the p.

People who have suffered cortical damage such as a stroke are capable of performing SEM. In one experiment, SEM caused stroke survivors to perform arm movements as fast as unimpaired people, despite being slower when performing the same action voluntarily. Furthermore, people with pure hereditary spastic paraplegia, a condition effecting the corticospinal tract, are susceptible to SEM as well.

In October 2007, Costa crashed her Opel Corsa into another car at a level crossing. She and front seat passenger Michele suffered minor injuries. Another Botucatu teammate, 16-year-old Cátia Oliveira, was asleep in the back seat and suffered a spinal cord injury, resulting in paraplegia. Costa was fined $576 for driving without a licence.

Teuber was born in Tegernsee, Germany in 1968. In August 1987, at the age of 19, he was involved in a car accident in France. The injuries he sustained from that incident resulted in an incomplete paraplegia to the lumbar spine, and complete paralysis below the knee joint. He spent the three years after the accident in a wheelchair.

In 1991 he was founding member, and from 1994 to 2008 chairman, of the Scientific Committee of the "International Foundation for Research in Paraplegia" (IFP) in Zurich. From 1991 to 1998 Georg Kreutzberg was initiator, joint instigator and director of the European Initiative for Communicators of Science (EICOS). From 1991–2019 was a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Frank Duffy (27 August 1959 – 16 December 2010) was a Scottish wheelchair curler. He was the skip of the silver-medal winning British team at the 2006 Winter Paralympics.Times Online He began curling at age 12 and developed paraplegia due to an accident at 35.BBC Sport His career highlights include sharing Gold at the 2004 and 2005 WCF World Championships.Paralympic.

Workshops for school children and adults are also part of Light Motion Dance's initiatives. Performances feature the choreography of Curtiss, who developed "front-end" wheelchair manoeuvers through her own experimentation and practise. Performances have been described as "virtuosic". Charlene Curtiss began using a wheelchair after a gymnastics accident resulted in her becoming paraplegic at age 17 (Curtiss has T12 paraplegia).

He gains the same powers as the rest of the Marvel Family. Amon's paraplegia, empowerment, and age all vaguely resemble Captain Marvel, Jr.'s. During Week 26, he along with Black Adam and his sister, Isis, fly to Nanda Parbat, carrying Renee Montoya and the Question, leaving them there.52 Week 26 (November 1, 2006) Later he feels that he wants friends.

In 1979, Buenoano's son Michael (March 30, 1961May 13, 1980) became severely ill, with symptoms including paraplegia. On May 13, 1980, Buenoano took Michael out in a canoe; the canoe rolled, and Michael, weighed down by his arm and leg braces, drowned. In 1983, Buenoano was in a relationship with John Gentry. Gentry was severely injured when his car exploded.

More severe injuries may result in paraplegia, tetraplegia (also known as quadriplegia), or full body paralysis below the site of injury to the spinal cord. Damage to upper motor neuron axons in the spinal cord results in a characteristic pattern of ipsilateral deficits. These include hyperreflexia, hypertonia and muscle weakness. Lower motor neuronal damage results in its own characteristic pattern of deficits.

An official investigation blamed inebriation as the cause of his fall, but the file was quickly classified. His spinal cord was fractured, his body was paralysed and he was practically decapitated. As the station was across the street from Colțea Hospital, in University Square, he was taken there immediately. At 2:30 am a surgeon wrote, "cranial and vertebral trauma; paraplegia".

In addition to pneumothorax, complications from thoracotomy include air leaks, infection, bleeding and respiratory failure. Postoperative pain is universal and intense, generally requiring the use of opioid analgesics for moderation, as well as interfering with the recovery of respiratory function. Paraplegia complicating thoracotomy is rare but catastrophic. In nearly all cases a chest tube, or more than one chest tube is placed.

This gene encodes a protein with several Transmembrane domains, a Rab11-binding domain and a lipid-binding FYVE finger domain. The encoded protein appears to promote Neurite formation. A mutation in this gene has been reported to be associated with Hereditary spastic paraplegia, however the Pathogenicity of the mutation, which may simply represent a Polymorphism (biology), is unclear. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010].

Standing wheelchairs are used by people with mild to severe disabilities including: spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, rett syndrome, post- polio syndrome and more. Standing chairs are used by people with both paraplegia and quadriplegia, since a variety of standing options are available to accommodate for mild-to-severe disabilities.

Since 1988, the Summer Paralympics have been held in the conjunction with the Olympic Games in the same host city and this practice was adopted in 1992 for the Winter Paralympics. The name Paralympics derives from the Greek "para" ("beside" or "alongside") and thus refers to a competition held in parallel with the Olympic Games. No relation with paralysis or paraplegia was intended.

Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso; paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms. The loss is usually sensory and motor, which means that both sensation and control are lost. The paralysis may be flaccid or spastic.

Strang was nominated for the "Best Supporting Actor" award in the 2000 TV Guide Television Awards. The character of Rangi was famous for the risky and abstract storylines he went through. Two notable storylines included the character recovering from paraplegia and dating his suspected sister. One particular storyline for the character was cut completely in that it was seen far too controversial.

During this time, Theunisse rode occasional regional mountain bike races. On 8 September 1997 he was hit by a car while training with the team. He was diagnosed as having a paraplegia, the result of a spinal cord injury when the car hit him. Theunisse was unable to walk but recovered over the six months and returned to coaching the Specialized team.

Although Abebe could not move his head at first, his condition eventually improved to paraplegia, regaining the use of his arms. In 1970, Abebe began training for wheelchair-athlete archery competitions. In July, he competed in archery and table tennis at the Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Games in London. The following April, Abebe participated in games for the disabled in Norway.

Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso; paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms. The loss is usually sensory and motor, which means that both sensation and control are lost. The paralysis may be flaccid or spastic.

Initially Polianskyi competed in para-canoeing but switched to para- rowing once canoeing was not included in the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympics program. Polianskyi competes in men's PR1 single sculls in para-rowing events. The PR1 classification designates those para-rowing athletes who compete while mainly using their arms and shoulders. Polianskyi has the medical condition called hereditary spastic paraplegia.

He has worked on the toxicity of Abrus precatorius on the maternal and fetal tissues, Kyasanur forest disease and South Indian Paraplegia. He held many administrative jobs as member of various University boards, Vice Dean of K.M.C., Hubli and Dean of Kidwai Memorian Cancer Hospital, Bangalore. He established the Pathology laboratories in Victoria Hospital, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College and St. Martha's Hospital.

The not-for-profit foundation Wings for Life was established by the two-time motocross world champion Heinz Kinigadner and the Red Bull founder Dietrich Mateschitz in 2004. Its goal is to find a cure for spinal cord injuries and paraplegia. Therefore, the foundation supports research and studies about spinal cord and spinal cord injuries financially. Anita Gerhardter is CEO.

Ataxia as a symptom was first described by French neurologist Duchenne de Boulogne in a subject with tabes dorsalis. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, extensive research into the characterization, cause, and diagnostics of hereditary cerebellar ataxias was underway with the work of several prominent neurologists, including Jean-Martin Charcot, Pierre Marie, Nikolaus Friedreich, Adolph Strümpell, and others. Marie described a number of cases of hereditary, adult onset disease he thought to be clinically distinct from Friedreich's ataxia, spastic paraplegia, and other known types of ataxia, calling the syndrome hereditary cerebellar ataxia, though it became known Marie's ataxia. While the hereditary patterns were clearly distinct, there was on-going debate well into the 1940s over whether Marie's ataxia was really distinct from Freidreich's ataxia and Strümpell's paraplegia and if these category's themselves represented a single disease or many.

Oristelle Marx (born July 7, 1971) is a former French wheelchair tennis player, she is a right-handed player. She competed in two Paralympic Games and won two bronze medals in the doubles' events with Arlette Racineux. In 1986, Marx was involved in an accident in a gymnastics training centre which resulted in her paraplegia. She now works as a consultant trainer for disability awareness.

On September 10, 1989 in Arles, Nimeño II was hurled into the air by a bull named Pañolero. He landed on his head, fracturing his cervical vertebrae and suffering paraplegia. After months of rehabilitation, Nimeño regained the use of his legs and right arm, but his left arm remained paralyzed. On November 25, 1991, Nimeño II committed suicide by hanging himself in his garage.

Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial (FARS2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FARS2 gene. This protein encoded by FARS2 localizes to the mitochondrion and plays a role in mitochondrial protein translation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 14, also known as Alpers encephalopathy, as well as spastic paraplegia 77 and infantile-onset epilepsy and cytochrome c oxidase deficiency.

Has good trunk rotation but no controlled sideways movement." The Cardiff Celts, a wheelchair basketball team in Wales, explain this classification as, "excellent stability of the trunk in a forwards and backwards direction. [...] Typical Class 3 Disabilities include : L2-L4 paraplegia, with control of hip flexion and adduction movements, but without control of hip extension or abduction. Post- polio paralysis with minimal control of lower extremity movements.

This gene encodes a transmembrane proteolipid protein that is the predominant myelin protein present in the central nervous system (CNS). The encoded protein functions in myelination. This protein may play a role in the compaction, stabilization, and maintenance of myelin sheaths, as well as in oligodendrocyte development and axonal survival. Mutations associated with this gene cause X-linked Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease and spastic paraplegia type 2.

The programme won a BAFTA Cymru award for best current affairs programme in 2004. In 2010, he left the BBC. Since then, he has been a freelance journalist and launched his own investigative website "The Eye" in 2011. In 2019, he wrote and published the book "A Good Story" (), giving an account of his career in journalism, and his difficulties with hereditary spastic paraplegia.

In 2012, there were estimated to be over 270,000 Americans with long-term spinal cord injuries, of whom around 21 percent suffer from complete paraplegia. The lifetime cost of care and lost productivity for each paraplegic ranges from US$1.4 million to $2.2 million. However, since the late 2000s, robotics and battery technology have become sufficiently advanced to make wearable walking assistance devices viable.

Kuschall headquarters in Witterswil near Basel The company was founded in 1978 by Rainer Küschall who was quadriplegic. Küschall's first successful model was the "Competition", which featured a new lightweight design.Guido A. Zäch: cross-section in longitudinal section: primary care, lifelong care, 12th Annual Meeting of the German-Medical Society of Paraplegia (DMGP), 15–18 Sept. 1999 Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Nottwil 2000, pp.

Multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis is a process in which ubiquitin tagged proteins enter organelles called endosomes via the formation of vesicles. This process is essential for cells to destroy misfolded and damaged proteins. Without ESCRT machinery, these proteins can build up and lead to neurodegenerative disease. For example, abnormalities in ESCRT-III components can lead to neurological disorders such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP).

Wilkins, 1964 Not only are these neurological features mentioned, but it is also noticed that some bodily functions can be impaired by brain injuries or injuries to the cervical spine. There are many other examples of observations of neurological phenomena throughout history. The Sumerians illustrated paraplegia caused by physical trauma in a bas relief of a lion with an arrow in its back.Paulissian, 1991 p.

Gull's main work on paraplegia was published between 1856 and 1858. Along with the French neurologist Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard, his work enabled paraplegic symptoms to be understood in context with the prevailing, limited understanding of spinal cord pathology, for the first time. He presented a series of 32 cases, including autopsies in 29 instances, to correlate the clinical and pathological features.Medical Papers, pp.

Two had intramedullary cervical tumours, and one, a Guy's Hospital nurse, probably had a cystic astrocytoma. Earlier work by the Irish physician Robert Bentley Todd (1847), Ernest Horn, and Moritz Heinrich Romberg(1851) had described Tabes dorsalis and noted atrophy of the spinal cord, but in an important paper, Gull also stressed the involvement of the posterior column in paraplegia with sensory ataxia [12].

At a competitive level, disability sport classifications are applied to allow people of varying abilities to face similar opposition. The term "parasports" arose from a portmanteau of the words paraplegic and sports. Though the sport has since included athletes of disabilities other than paraplegia, the term persists as a catch-all. Other terms for the concept include adapted sports, adaptive sports, disability sports, and disabled sports.

New York: Demos Medical Publishing, 2003:1-14. He is memorialized by The Ernest Bors Award for Scientific Development, which is administered by the Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, the official journal of the American Paraplegia Society.Bodner DR. The Bors Award: Legacy of Ernest 'Pappy' Bors, MD. J Spinal Cord Med. 2009;32(1): The annual award recognizes the best article published in the Journal by a young investigator.

Emma Doyle has spent her life exceeding expectations. She was born with a rare condition called Hereditary spastic paraplegia which is similar to cerebral palsy. Her family and friends explain how Emma was told she would never walk but now uses just a crutch to get around. She has a fear of water but has learned to swim and now wants to attempt something even more difficult – waterskiing.

The triad is paraplegia with lumbar loss of pain sensation and presence of perineal altered sensation. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by an MRI scan or CT scan, depending on availability. Bladder scanning and loss of catheter sensation can also be used to diagnose an onset of cauda equina syndrome and can aid diagnosis before MRI scanning. Early surgery in acute onset of severe cases has been reported to be important.

He was much in touch with Ferdinand von Mueller and assisted him in his botanical work. Woolls's next volume, Plants of New South Wales, was published in 1885, and his Plants Indigenous and Naturalized in the Neighbourhood of Sydney, a revised and enlarged edition of a paper prepared in 1880, came out in 1891. He died of paraplegia in the Sydney suburb of Burwood survived by his third wife.

Other disability-related publications continued a tradition of fostering solidarity within the different sub-cultures of the disability community. After World War II, soldiers who had been disabled in war came home, which led to the Paralyzed Veterans of America's development of the magazine, Paraplegia News, in 1946.(26) Many disability publications target similarly distinctive audiences, from people with a specific disability to parents to health care professionals.

Wheelchair Sports NSW is the peak New South Wales sports organisation that assists people with disabilities ranging from spinal cord injury, spina bifida, amputation, paraplegia, quadriplegia to other similar disabling conditions. The organisation was established as the Paraplegic Sports Club, a section of the Paraplegic Association of NSW (also known as ParaQuad) in October 1961. It offers a range of sports programs, facilities and financial support from beginners to Paralympians.

Complications with SCS range from simple easily correctable problems to devastating paralysis, nerve injury and death. In a 7-year follow-up, the overall complication rate was 5-18%. The most common complications include lead migration, lead breakage, and infection. Other complications include rotation of the pulse generator, haematomas (subcutaneous or epidural), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, post dural puncture headache, discomfort at pulse generator site, seroma and transient paraplegia.

Axons in the central and peripheral nervous system are coated with an insulation, the myelin layer, to increase the speed of action potential propagation. Abnormal myelination in the CNS is detected in some forms of hsp HSP.Noreau, A., Dion, P.A. & Rouleau, G.A., 2014. Molecular aspects of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Experimental Cell Research, 325(1), pp.18–26 Several genes were linked to myelin malformation, namely PLP1, GFC2 and FA2H.

Margaret McIntosh ('Maggie') McEleny MBE (born 1965), also known as "Mad Maggie" for her unshakable desire to compete is a Scottish swimmer. She has paraplegia and epilepsy due to a head injury at age 11, which left her blind for a while. She competed in four Summer Paralympics from 1992 to 2004. In her career, McEleny has won three gold, five silver, and seven bronze medals at the Paralympics.

There are at least 3 ways in which retromer dysfunction can contribute to brain disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. AP-5 is the most recently described complex, and one reason supporting the idea that it is an authentic adaptor complex is that it is associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia, as is AP-4. AP-1 is linked to MEDNIK syndrome. AP-3 is linked to Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome.

Kosmala interviewed by the 300x300px Kosmala was born on 8 July 1942 in Adelaide. Her father was a lawyer. She was born with club feet, which were straightened out with plasters and bandages. She was initially classified as having spina bifida, but at the age of 50, she discovered that her paraplegia was due to birth-related complications; she was delivered in a long operation using forceps by a cardiologist.

He noticed and was puzzled by degenerations of the posterior columns that could cause an 'inability to regulate motor power'. Gull recognised girdle pain as seldom absent from extrinsic compression, often signifying meningeal involvement. Paralysis of the lower extremities could, he thought, be consequent upon diseases of the bladder and kidneys ('urinary paraplegia'). The bladder infection was the source of inflammatory phlebitis extending from pelvic to spinal veins.

In three of the major phenotypes (except HSAS), this spasticity is presented as spastic paraplegia, where the muscles of the lower limbs are stiff and continuously contracted. This spastic paraplegia often manifests itself as a gait (walking motion) disorder, specifically shuffling gait in MASA syndrome patients, which acts as a source of handicap and stress due to postural instability, and leads to poor quality of life and increased mortality. Aphasia is also a common disorder, especially in people with MASA syndrome (a disorder on the L1 syndrome spectrum) and describes a range of language impairments with respect to syntax (structure), semantics (meaning), phonology (sound), morphology (structure), and/or pragmatics in language comprehension or expression. People with aphasia, as well as their family members, often experience a poor quality of life due to the social isolation and depression caused by this language impairment and therefore may seek therapy to enable functional and socially relevant communication.

Typical examples of the influence of maximum forces and the resulting elastic deformations on bone growth or bone loss are extended flights of astronauts and cosmonauts as well as patient with paraplegia due to an accident. Extended periods in free fall do not lead to loss of bone from the skull, providing support to the idea that its bone is maintained by a genetic not a mechanical influence. (Skull bone often increases in long term space flights, something thought to be related to fluid shifts within the body.) For example, a patient in a wheel chair who is using his arms but due to his paraplegia not his legs will suffer massive muscle and bone loss only in his legs due to the lack of usage of the legs. However the muscles and bones of the arms which are used every day will stay the same or might even be increased depending on the usage.

Georg W. Kreutzberg (September 2, 1932 in Ahrweiler – March 20, 2019) was a German neuromorphologist. Kreutzberg was long-serving director at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology in Martinsried near Munich. He remained active as emeritus director at that institute. His various research interests have included microglia cells, neuropathology and nerve regeneration following trauma (especially paraplegia and quadriplegia), fraud in science, correct reporting of scientific research to laypeople and the history of neuroscience in Germany.

Only the following illnesses could lead to departure from Germany: diseases of the circulatory system, serious nervous problems, tumours and severe skin diseases, blindness (total or partial), serious face injuries, tuberculosis, one or more missing limbs, paralysis, brain disorders like paraplegia or haemiplegia and serious mental illnesses.Auriol (2003), p. 269. From 1917, the criteria were extended to prisoners older than 48 or who had spent over eighteen months in captivity.Auriol (2003), p. 275.

They moved to the Sydney suburb of Riverstone where he attended Richmond High School. He left school at the age of almost fifteen to work at a timber yard with his father. In November 1961, aged 18, he contracted polio. He married his first wife, Robyn (née Torrington) in 1967, who was part of a group of people who put on functions to raise money for people with paraplegia; they divorced in 1980.

The term was proposed in 1876 by Moritz Kaposi (1837–1902), a Hungarian dermatologist. In 1957, he provided the first autopsy description of a condition of the upper airways, later known as tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. Subsequently, in 1868, he published the characteristic mental symptoms on alcoholic paraplegia (later to be named Korsakoff's syndrome). Wilks described the first case of myasthenia gravis, in 1877 (it was named "bulbar paralysis" in Guy's Hospital Reports 22:7).

Manfred Dollmann (born 31 August 1964) is an Austrian para table tennis player who competes in international level events. He is a double European champion, five-time World medalist and has participated at the Paralympic Games seven times winning two medals. When Dollmann was 16, he was riding his moped too fast and he slipped on a road bend then landed on his back on a stone on a small stream bed resulting in paraplegia.

Starkloff was passionate about disability rights and was one of the leaders of the "independent living movement," a grassroots movement meant to inspire young people with disabilities to take control of their own care. In 1970, while living in a nursing home, Starkloff founded Paraquad. The goal of the company was to help people with disabilities live independently. One year later, in 1971, he began the St. Louis chapter of the National Paraplegia Foundation.

Jerrold Pete Mangliwan (born 17 October 1979) is a Filipino wheelchair racer who competed for the Philippines in the 2014 Asian Para Games and the 2016 Summer Paralympics. In wheelchair racing, he competes in the T52 classification. Mangliwan has paraplegia which he acquired from polio, a disease he was diagnosed of when he was two years old. He took up the sport of wheelchair racing in 2009 upon the encouragement of a friend.

After the Crisis, the injuries that Ted had sustained were downgraded from paraplegia to less severe injuries from which he recovered quickly. He was also still a former heavyweight champion of the world. In addition, Ted is credited with being an expert at combat, though he prefers to trade punches as part of his brawling style. Even in his advanced years, on several occasions Ted has knocked out experienced fighters with a single punch.

Some research has shown that root stimulators may allow cycling to be feasible to those who suffer from paraplegia as a proof of concept. The devices may show promise in applications of more complex leg movement processes such as walking. At the very least, they offer a potential solution to delaying the issue of atrophy in paraplegics so that they might have an easier recovery in the case that better treatments come along.

Smétanine was born in Grenoble, France in 1974. He has paraplegia caused by spinal damage after he was involved in a car accident at the age of 21. In 2008 he was made a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur, for his services to his sport and his country after his performance at the 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games. In 2010 he was elected to the Regional Council of the Rhône- Alpes, representing the Socialist Party.

An active member of numerous professional organizations, he has had wide-ranging experience as chairman, board member and committee member. He was Chairman of the Board of the American Physiatric Education Council. He is a past president of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, the Association of Academic Physiatrists (AAP), and the American Paraplegia Society (APS). He served on the Special Medical Advisory Group for the Dept. of Veterans Affairs from 1992 to 2005.

The syndrome is named after Georges Bardet and Arthur Biedl. The first known case was reported by Laurence and Moon in 1866 at the Ophthalmic Hospital in South London. Laurence–Moon–Biedl–Bardet syndrome is no longer considered as valid terms in that patients of Laurence and Moon had paraplegia but no polydactyly or obesity, which are the key elements of the Bardet–Biedl syndrome. Laurence–Moon syndrome is usually considered a separate entity.

Schott was born in 1989 in Greifswald. At the age of three, she and her family moved to Bennewitz; when she was eight, she took up swimming and joined a swimming club in nearby Wurzen. In 2002, she was severely injured riding her bicycle when a van hit her while overtaking. This left her with incomplete paraplegia and she now uses a wheelchair. She competes in the S7, SM6 and SB5 classifications.

He also founded Delta Sigma Omicron, a national rehabilitation service fraternity. He was President of the National Paraplegia Foundation (now National Spinal Cord Injury Association) for four terms. He has been an international lecturer and consultant, as well as an advocate, publisher, and researcher on behalf of people with disabilities. He was a leader in the development of architectural accessibility standards, public transportation, adaptive equipment, and recreation activities for people with disabilities.

Gold post box on the corner of Arleston Lane and Wollam Road, Arleston, Telford Michael David BushellGRO reference: July 1990, Vol. 30, Page 68 MBE (born 8 June 1990) is a Paralympic gold medalist and personal trainer from Telford, Shropshire, England. He suffers from lumbar sacral spinal agenesis congenital paraplegia and competes in T53 category sprint events. He is the British record holder at 100m and 200, and a European record holder at 100m.

Since this procedure is a surgical technique there are many complications that can occur either during or after the surgery. Some major complications that can occur are cerebrospinal fluid leaks, dural tears, infection, or epidural hematomas. Death is also a risk; however, it occurs only once per thousand surgeries. Other potential complications are nerve root damage, which can lead to nerve injury or paraplegia, and a significant amount of blood loss that will lead to blood transfusions.

Tatyana McFadden at the Paralympic World Cup 2009 T54 is a disability sport classification for disability athletics in the track and jump events. The class includes people with spinal cord injuries who compete using a wheelchair in track events. They have paraplegia, but have normal hand and arm function, normal or limited trunk function, and no leg function. This class includes CP- ISRA classes CP3 and CP4, and some athletes in ISOD classes A1, A2 and A3.

It is also used in the management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, muscle spasticity (e.g. after strokes, in paraplegia, cerebral palsy, or patients with multiple sclerosis), and poisoning by 2,4-dinitrophenol or by the related compounds dinoseb and dinoterb. The most frequently occurring side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, general malaise, fatigue, and diarrhea. It is marketed by Par Pharmaceuticals LLC as Dantrium (in North America) and by Norgine BV as Dantrium, Dantamacrin, or Dantrolen (in Europe).

In 1890 Sachs and Peterson first referenced to the term diplegia, along with the word paraplegia, for their cerebral palsy classification. In 1955 the word diplegia was used in the clinical field to describe a patient whose limbs were affected in a symmetrical way. This included limbs on the same side of the body thus including hemiplegia. Later in 1956 diplegia was presented as a form of bilateral cerebral palsy affecting like parts on either side of the body.

Gowers' sign is classically seen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy where it is mostly evident at 4–6 years, but also presents itself in centronuclear myopathy, myotonic dystrophy and various other conditions associated with proximal muscle weakness, including Becker muscular dystrophy, dermatomyositis and Pompe disease. For this maneuver, the patient is placed on the floor away from any objects that could otherwise be used to pull oneself to a standing position. It is also used in testing paraplegia.

Mutations in the ATL1 gene are also a common cause of early-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) in humans. The disease is characterized by progressive stiffness and contraction (spasticity) in the lower limbs due to damage to or dysfunction of the nerves. The vast majority of HSP-associated mutations are missense mutations that are scattered throughout the affected protein. Some of these mutations have been shown to reduce the GTPase activity of atlastin-1 in vitro.

The disease is one in a group of genetic disorders collectively known as leukodystrophies that affect growth of the myelin sheath, the fatty covering—which acts as an insulator—on nerve fibers in the central nervous system. The several forms of Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease include classic, connatal, transitional, and adult variants. Milder mutations of the PLP1 gene that mainly cause leg weakness and spasticity, with little or no cerebral involvement, are classified as spastic paraplegia 2 (SPG2).

He ran for governor again in 1964 and 1968. In political life he supported civil rights, economic justice, environmental protection, and women's equality, and he challenged the business establishment that had long dominated Texas politics. After leaving politics, Yarborough promoted science as a means to ease suffering and cure aging. He worked as a lobbyist for the Paraplegia Cure Research in Washington, D.C., where he lived for many years on Capitol Hill and in McLean, Virginia.

Immediately after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Reich organized the leaders of disability groups to make sure that planning for future emergencies included accommodations for people with disabilities. In addition to his other achievements, Reich served on the People-to-People Committee on Disability, and the boards of the Paralysis Cure Research Foundation and the National Paraplegia Foundation. He was the first wheelchair user to address the United Nations and has had an audience with the pope.

Krempien was born on 19 February 1975 in St. Albert, Alberta. After a childhood accident resulted in a spinal cord injury, Krempien was diagnosed with paraplegia. Growing up, Krempien started playing wheelchair basketball at the age of eight on a junior team in Alberta. For her post-secondary education between the 1990s and 2000s, Krempien went to the University of Alberta to study sports psychology and the University of British Columbia for a nutrition master's degree.

The band used satire and black humor to sing about satanism, transsexualty, antichristianity, graphic violence, illegal drugs, bukkake, coprophagia, disabilities (like autism and paraplegia), hipster culture, homoeroticism and more. Incorrectly labeled satanists, the humor created by the group created controversies and was responsible for many suits. They were prevented from singing some songs in their shows. They were popular enough to have some of their songs played on MTV Brasil and presented out of the country.

Bushell suffers from lumbar sacral spinal sgenesis congenital paraplegia. In Bushell's case this means he is missing seven vertebrae from the lower part of the spine just above the coccyx. He has no abdominal wall muscle control, his legs and hips have never fully developed and float unsupported at the lower end of his body. In 2007, during his preparations for the Paralympic games in Beijing, Bushell began suffering from recurrent kidney infection necessitating a nephrectomy.

She was bereaved by the untimely death of her father during the tournament. Botucatu Futebol Clube signed Cátia as a promising footballer when she was 14 years old. In October 2007, teammate Renata Costa was driving Cátia and Michele in her Opel Corsa when she crashed into another car at a level crossing. Michele and Renata suffered minor injuries, while Cátia, who was asleep in the back seat, suffered a spinal cord injury resulting in paraplegia.

Llovera during 2010 Rally Finland. At the age of 17, Llovera became the youngest ever athlete to compete in the Winter Olympics when he represented Andorra at the 1984 games in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia. In the following year, 1985, whilst competing in the European Ski Cup, also in Sarejevo, he suffered a serious accident which left him using a wheelchair with paraplegia beginning at lower back level. He turned to motorsport, first competing on quad bikes and then starting in rallying.

Since 2017 Mölleken can be seen in the ZDF series Frühling in the role of Peet Hagen, who suffers from paraplegia due a swimming accident in Frühling – Schritt ins Licht. By publishing the music video Aber in summer of 2018, Patrick Mölleken took a stand against racism alongside Eko Fresh and Yunus Cumartpay. On January 30, 2019, the anniversary of Adolf Hitler's seizure of power, the period movie was launched, in which Patrick Mölleken plays the role of Jewish National Socialist Michael Glickstein.

A modern lightweight manual wheelchair A wheelchair is a chair with wheels, used when walking is difficult or impossible due to illness, injury, old age related problems, or disability. These can include spinal cord injuries (paraplegia, hemiplegia, and quadriplegia), broken leg(s), cerebral palsy, brain injury, osteogenesis imperfecta a.k.a. brittle bones, motor neurone disease (MND), multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy (MD), spina bifida, and more. Wheelchairs come in a wide variety of formats to meet the specific needs of their users.

The deity Namtogan, who has paraplegia, is said to have taught the Ifugao how to craft Bulul statues, which would serve as avatars of rice deities. The statues are bathed in animal blood and sometimes given rice wine in rituals performed by a mumbaki (Ifugao shaman). Each ethnic group in the country has their own distinct pantheon of deities and belief systems. Some ethnic groups have a supreme deity, while others revere ancestor spirits and/or the spirits of the natural world.

In the new Batgirl series, it is revealed that Oracle (along with Leslie Thompkins) has been helping Wendy adjust to her new life with paraplegia. After taking Wendy under her wing, Barbara eventually reveals to Wendy her alter-ego. Wendy's first mission as an associate of the Oracle is to help Stephanie Brown, the new Batgirl, defeat her father the Cluemaster and save Barbara from him. Afterward, she takes on the codename of Proxy, acting as a junior version of Oracle.

Paraplegia is a condition in which a person loses the ability to control or perceive his or her lower limbs. Patients that have lost functional limb control due to spinal cord injuries often have further complications past the point of injury. Due to paralysis, paraplegics remain unable to exercise the leg muscles and leads to muscle atrophy. In such cases, lumbar anterior root stimulators may offer a minimal and temporary solution by allowing paraplegics some capacity to exercise the legs.

Diagnosed with paraplegia, she spent the next four months in hospital. She had to repeat Year 10 at Max Ernst Gymnasium, but graduated in 2003. Although she began using a wheelchair, she longed to return to playing sport, and initially tried sitting volleyball. She then took up wheelchair tennis, winning the Hungarian Open in 2005, but ultimately switched to wheelchair basketball, playing for ASV Bonn. In 2005, she was invited to attend a German national team training camp by its coach, Holger Glinicki.

Wheelchair sport classification is a system designed to allow fair competition between people of different disabilities, and minimize the impact of a person's specific disability on the outcome of a competition. Wheelchair sports is associated with spinal cord injuries, and includes a number of different types of disabilities including paraplegia, quadriplegia, muscular dystrophy, post-polio syndrome and spina bifida. The disability must meet minimal body function impairment requirements.Some wheelchair sports are open to people with disabilities other than spinal cord injuries.

A major limitation of neuroprostheses for walking that are based on surface stimulation is that the hip flexors cannot be stimulated directly. Therefore, hip flexion during walking must come from voluntary effort, which is often absent in paraplegia, or from the flexor withdrawal reflex. Implanted systems have the advantage of being able to stimulate the hip flexors, and therefore, to provide better muscle selectivity and potentially better gait patterns. Hybrid systems with exoskeleton have been also proposed to solve this problem.

L1 is involved in neuron-neuron adhesion, neurite fasciculation, outgrowth of neurites, cerebellar granule cell migration, neurite outgrowth on Schwann cells and interactions among epithelial cells of intestinal crypts. As a consequence, mutations in the L1CAM gene cause the Nervous System to malfunction. The main disorders linked to this mutation are known by the acronym CRASH or can be also referred as L1 syndrome. This includes disorders such as HSAS, MASA syndrome, agenesis of the corpus callosum and spastic paraplegia.

Pepo Puch 2013 Josef "Pepo" Puch (born 10 January 1966 in Graz) is an Austrian Paralympic equestrian. He started in equestrian at fifteen and has incomplete paraplegia due to an accident in 2008.IPC bio At the 2012 Summer Paralympics he won a gold medal and a bronze medal.ORFRadio Arabella At the 2016 Summer Paralympics he also won a gold medal in the individual championship testOfficial Results Rio 2016 and a silver medal in the individual freestyle test grade 1b.

In 1964, plans were underway for the creation of a hospital dedicated to the treatment of people with paraplegia and quadriplegia, the first of its kind in Spain. Sarrias was named medical director. He spent 7 months at Stoke Mandeville hospital in England studying under Dr. Ludwig Guttmann where he learned the specialized treatment of people with spinal cord lesions. The new hospital was opened on 27 November 1965 and was named after Dr. Guttmann, as the Institut Guttmann Spinal Cord Injuries Centre.

The Paralympic Games or Paralympics are a periodic series of international multi-sport events involving athletes with a range of disabilities, including impaired muscle power (e.g. paraplegia and quadriplegia, muscular dystrophy, post-polio syndrome, spina bifida), impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency (e.g. amputation or dysmelia), leg length difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, vision impairment and intellectual impairment. There are Winter and Summer Paralympic Games, which since the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, are held almost immediately following the respective Olympic Games.

Heterozygous mutations of this gene have been suggested as a cause of a syndrome consisting of spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, nystagmus and obesity. Knock out mice with homozygous mutations have non-viable offspring with enlarged cerebral ventricles. A consanginous couple has been reported who suffered from repeated miscarriages in whom homozygous mutations of this gene were found.Mero IL, Mørk HH, Sheng Y, Blomhoff A, Opheim GL, Erichsen A, Vigeland MD, Selmer KK (2017) Homozygous KIDINS220 loss-of-function variants in fetuses with cerebral ventriculomegaly and limb contractures.

Steve finds a medical malpractice attorney, Mike End; End describes the complications that they will face because of some laws that protect doctors in Wisconsin. For example, End explains Wisconsin statute 907.06, known as the Doctor Privilege Law, give doctors the right to not testify against other doctors. End reminds Steve that it might take three years or more for the lawsuit to get to trial. Judie's conditions improve with time, but due to spastic paraplegia, she can only walk by using a walker.

Traumatic spinal cord damage causes a permanent loss of motor and sensory functions in the central nervous system, termed paraplegia or tetraplegia based on the site of the injury. Other detrimental effects may take place in the respiratory system and renal system as a result of the injury. Unlike the peripheral nervous system, the central nervous system is unable to regenerate damaged axons, so its synaptic connections are lost forever. Current treatment is limited and the primary potential methods are either controversial or noneffective.

Philae lander launched by the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft performed the first successful landing on a comet (Philaes target, Comet 67P, pictured). A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2014, including the first robotic landing on a comet and the first complete stem- cell-assisted recovery from paraplegia. The year also saw a significant expansion in the worldwide use and sophistication of technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles and wearable electronics. The United Nations declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming and Crystallography.

The muscles of the neck may also be affected, and about half experience involvement of the cranial nerves that supply the head and face; this may lead to weakness of the muscles of the face, swallowing difficulties and sometimes weakness of the eye muscles. In 8%, the weakness affects only the legs (paraplegia or paraparesis). Involvement of the muscles that control the bladder and anus is unusual. In total, about a third of people with Guillain–Barré syndrome continue to be able to walk.

Fernando Sánchez Polack (11 August 1920 - 24 January 1982) was a Spanish actor. He appeared in 113 films and television shows between 1959 and 1982, mostly of them as a supporting character in Spaghetti Western films. He starred in the 1966 film La caza, which won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 16th Berlin International Film Festival. On 1 December 1981 he was hospitalized from a paraplegia at Residencia Sanitaria Provincial and he died on 24 January 1982 aged 61 from a cardiac arrest.

In 1999 she suffered from a hernia and during a back- surgery and a nerve was damaged.Een sportief gesprek in de Nieuwe meerbode, 17 November 2005, Zwem-Mirjam, retrieved September 8, 2008 This left her with a form of paraplegia, hence she competes in the S6 classification. Swimming and wheelchair basketball were her sports, but as wheelchair basketball caused a lot of injuries, she decided to mainly focus on swimming. She started to train five times a week with local swim team called Oceanus in Aalsmeer.

The clinical neurologists correlated their findings after death with those of the neuropathologist. The best known was W.R. Gowers (1845–1915) who owned a major text in two volumes, of a cerebrospinal tract. By the end of the nineteenth century, the connection was established between stroke and hemiplegia, between trauma and paraplegia, between the spirochaete and the paralysed demency people who filled the mental hospitals. The first chemotherapeutic cure of a serious infection was salvarsan for syphilis, followed by the induction of fever in neurosyphilis.

The women's 5000 metres T54 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place at the Rio Olympic Stadium on 14 and 15 September. It featured 14 athletes from 8 countries and was open to both T54 and T53 classification athletes. The United States took all three medals, while eventual winner Tatyana McFadden broke the Paralympic record during the heat stages. The T54 category is for athletes with paraplegia, but have normal hand and arm function, limited to no trunk function, and no leg function.

Roosevelt first came in the 1920s in hopes that the warm water would improve his paraplegia. He was a constant visitor for two decades, and renamed the town from Bullochville to Warm Springs. The town is still home to the Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation (Roosevelt's former polio hospital) which remains a world-renowned comprehensive rehabilitation center including a physical rehabilitation hospital and vocational rehabilitation unit. Thomas M. Humphrey was one of the children treated for polio at the Institute during the 1940s.

A mutation (c.947A>T) in CYP2U1 has been associated in a very small number of patients with Hereditary spastic paraplegia in that it segregates with the disease at the homozygous state in two afflicted families. This mutation affects an amino acid (p.Asp316Val) that is highly conserved among CYP2U1 orthologs as well as other cytochrome P450 proteins; this p.Asp314Val mutation is located in the enzyme's functional domain, is predicted to be damaging to the enzyme's activity, and is associated with mitochondria dysfunction. A second homozygous enzyme-disabling mutation has been identified in CYP2U1, c.1A>C/p.Met1?, that is associated with <1% of hereditary spastic paraplegia sufferers. The reduction in 20-HETE production by these mutations, and thereby in 20-HETE's activation of the TRPV1 neural receptor, it is hypothesized, may contribute to the development of this disease (see 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid for details). CYPU21 along with members of the CYP4A and CYP4F sub-families also ω-hydroxylate and thereby reduce the activity of various fatty acid metabolites of arachidonic acid including LTB4, 5-HETE, 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-HETE, and several prostaglandins that are involved in regulating various inflammatory, vascular, and other responses in animals and humans.

In 1972 demonstrations were also held by disabled activists in Washington, D.C. to protest this veto; among the demonstrators were Disabled in Action, Paralyzed Veterans of America, the National Paraplegia Foundation, and others. Disability rights groups, especially the American Coalition of Citizens with Disabilities (ACCD), advocated to keep the regulations of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act in place unchanged. Section 504 required another step before being implemented (and thus enforced), a signature from the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW). In 1975 a federal lawsuit was filed to force the agency to act.

Along with French neurologist Pierre Marie, he is credited with identifying and diagnosing an arthritic spinal deformity that was to become known as the Marie–Strümpell disease (ankylosing spondylitis). Together with French physician Maurice Lorrain, the eponymous Strümpell–Lorrain disease is named, which is an hereditary spastic paraplegia. In 1884 Strümpell published a textbook on internal medicine that was based on his experiences. This publication, Lehrbuch der speziellen Pathologie und Therapie der inneren Krankheiten, was then considered to be the definitive textbook in Germany in regards to internal medicine.

Surfer's myelopathy is a rare nontraumatic injury causing paraplegia which is paralysis below the waist. It is a spinal cord injury caused by hyperextension of the back. When the back is hyperextended, a blood vessel leading to the spine can become kinked, depriving the spinal cord of oxygen The condition gets its name because the phenomenon is most often seen in those surfing for the first time, but it can be caused by any activity in which the back is hyperextended (yoga, pilates, etc.). In some cases the paralysis is permanent.

Regina Isecke (5 January 1953 – 26 June 2015) was a German wheelchair tennis player who competed in international level events. She was known as a pioneer in wheelchair tennis in Germany and was the German Wheelchair Tennis Association's president for many years until her death. Isecke was involved in an accident in 1971 resulting in a spinal cord injury and paraplegia, she was previously a wheelchair basketball player and a para table tennis player before switching to wheelchair tennis. A street in Junkersdorf, Cologne is named after her, Regina-Isecke-Straße, in 2018.

The risk is lowered by increased liquid consumption, presumably as a consequence of increased urine production and thus less dwell time on the urothelial surface. Conversely, risk is increased among long-haul truck drivers and others in whom long urine dwell- times are encountered. As with most epithelial cancers, physical irritation has been associated with increased risk of malignant transformation of the urothelium. Thus, urothelial carcinomas are more common in the context of chronic urinary stone disease, chronic catheterization (as in patients with paraplegia or multiple sclerosis), and chronic infections.

Plastic surgeries were frequent for chronic ulcers, burns, hare- lip, vesico-vaginal fistula, trachoma, various scars and most importantly elephantiasis, to which he devised a new bloodless operation. He was also innovative in being one of the first to drain paraplegia-causing tuberculous abscesses. Removal of tumors and even teeth were also performed, along with hernia repairs. He was also able to align local customs with modern medical norms in the case of circumcision surgeries, which were performed by untrained tribal leaders with little to no antiseptic precautions before his intervention.

Archives Hub. After private tuition in Latin he passed his entrance examination for the University of Edinburgh in October 1874 and qualified as a doctor in 1878. After completing his residency in Edinburgh, Mackenzie became a general practitioner in borough of Burnley in Lancashire, England where he continued to practice medicine for more than a quarter of a century. While he was engaged in a busy practice, he made many original observations, completed his MD degree on hemi-paraplegia spinalis (awarded by the University of Edinburgh in 1882) and had many scientific papers published.

Artificial dura mater was constructed through the utilization of PDMS and gelatin hydrogel. The hydrogel simulates spinal tissue and a silicone membrane simulates the dura mater. These properties allow the e-dura implants to sustain long-term application to the spinal cord and brain without leading to inflammation, scar tissue buildup, and rejection normally caused by surface implants rubbing against nerve tissue. In 2018 two distinct research teams from Minnesota's Mayo Clinic and Kentucky's University of Louisville managed to restore some mobility to patients suffering from paraplegia with an electronic spinal cord stimulator.

Hydrocephalus: Surgery should be performed as needed, to shunt cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in order to reduce pressure inside the head (intracranial pressure). Intellectual Disability: The development of the individual should be monitored since the development outcomes are variable among affected individuals, educational programs are needed for these individuals. Adducted Thumbs: Surgical procedures are generally not required, a splint may reduce the degree of the adduction, and in milder cases tendon transfer may improve the thumb function. Spastic paraplegia: Currently there are no specific treatments to prevent or reduce neural degeneration.

Other studies have shown paraplegics are nearly as happy as control groups that are not paralyzed, after equally few years. Daniel Kahneman explains: "they are not paraplegic full time... It has to do with allocation of attention". Thus, contrary to our impact biases, lotteries and paraplegia do not change experiences to as great a degree as we would believe. However, in a newer study (2007), winning a medium-sized lottery prize had a lasting mental wellbeing effect of 1.4 GHQ points on Britons even two years after the event.

Asp314Val mutation is located in the enzyme's functional domain, is predicted to be damaging to the enzyme's activity, and is associated with mitochondria dysfunction. A second homozygous enzyme-disabling mutation has been identified in CYP2U1, c.1A>C/p.Met1?, that is associated with <1% of hereditary spastic paraplegia sufferers. While the role of 20-HETE in these mutations has not been established, the reduction in 20-HETE production and thereby 20-HETE's activation of the TRPV1 receptor in nerve tissues, it is hypothesized, may contribute to the disease.

Perrottet, who never married, enlisted in the Australian Army on 4 September 1942. She held the rank of Lieutenant, service number NFX 112337, and was a physiotherapist with the Australian Army Medical Core. After the war, she went to London to further her professional career. George Bedbrook, the Australian orthopaedic surgeon who pioneered the Department of Paraplegia at the Royal Perth Hospital in Western Australia, was also at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, obtaining further knowledge and experience in orthopaedics, under Ludwig Guttmann, neurosurgeon and founder of the Paralympic Movement.

Spastic tetraplegia (all four limbs affected equally). People with spastic quadriplegia are the least likely to be able to walk, or if they can, to want to walk, because their muscles are too tight and it is too much effort to do so. Some children with quadriplegia also have hemiparetic tremors, an uncontrollable shaking that affects the limbs on one side of the body and impairs normal movement. Occasionally, terms such as monoplegia, paraplegia, triplegia, and pentaplegia may also be used to refer to specific manifestations of the spasticity.

Other memorable storylines for the character include his romance with Rachel McKenna (Angela Bloomfield), his two car accidents (one of which left him paralyzed), getting stabbed twice, recovering from paraplegia and losing his girlfriend as he was about to propose. The character survived the 2001 cast overhaul only for Strang to quit the show due to a "stress related illness". The character was written off in a whodunit storyline that saw his body discovered after being missing for weeks. It was eventually revealed he was murdered by his mistress' husband.

Its handling of many varied medical cases – some common, some uncommon – made it an instant hit for ABC. Story lines included impotence, depression, brain damage, breast cancer, mononucleosis, teenaged obesity, juvenile diabetes, sexually transmitted diseases, epilepsy, learning disabilities, leukemia, haemophilia, paraplegia, dysautonomia, rape, Alzheimer's disease, and addiction to painkillers, among others. At its second season (1970–1971), it ranked number one in the Nielsen ratings, becoming the first ABC show to top the list. The same year, both Young and Brolin won Emmy Awards for their work, as did the show for Outstanding Dramatic Series.

The poison can lead to further damage to the body such as a neurodegenerative disorder called organophosphorus induced delayed polyneuropathy. This disorder causes loss of function of the motor and sensory neural pathways. In this case, foot drop could be the result of paralysis due to neurological dysfunction. Diseases that can cause foot drop include trauma to the posterolateral neck of fibula, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, poliomyelitis, Charcot Marie Tooth disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, hereditary spastic paraplegia, Guillain–Barré syndrome, Welander distal myopathy, and Friedreich's ataxia.

In the 2011 New Year Honours, Sowry was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services as a Member of Parliament. In 2013, Sowry was appointed a member of the Representation Commission to determine New Zealand electoral boundaries. In October 2017 Roger Sowry was asked onto the board of Geneva Healthcare Ltd, a company which manages community houses for people with disabilities like Cerebral Palsey, and also a bureau working closely with ACC, helping injured people with their home self care i.e. stroke victims, paraplegia etc.

In November 2018, he was involved in a motor vehicle accident on the N3 Highway in the Free State Province of South Africa and had to be transported to the intensive care unit via ambulance. On 31 January 2019, Kaizer Chiefs released a statement that Meyiwa had been forced to retire as a result of the injuries he sustained in the accident; injuries which included an unstable fracture of his thoracic vertebrae and which resulted in permanent paraplegia. He made 21 appearances for the club in total across all competitions.

At that time, it was common practice to store such anaesthetic in glass ampoules immersed in a phenol solution to reduce the risk of infection. Unknown to the staff, the glass had a number of micro-cracks which were invisible to the eye but which allowed the phenol to penetrate. When used, the phenol-contaminated anaesthetic caused permanent paraplegia. A later analysis suggests that the most probable cause of the paralyses was an acidic descaler which, by an oversight, had been allowed to remain in the sterilizing water boiler.

Open surgery starts with exposure of the dilated portion of the aorta via an incision in the abdomen or abdomen and chest, followed by insertion of a synthetic (Dacron or Gore-Tex) graft (tube) to replace the diseased aorta. The graft is sewn in by hand to the non-diseased portions of the aorta, and the aneurysmal sac is closed around the graft. The aorta and its branching arteries are cross-clamped during open surgery. This can lead to inadequate blood supply to the spinal cord, resulting in paraplegia.

Achilles International, formerly known as the Achilles Track Club, was established by Dick Traum in 1983 to encourage disabled people to participate in mainstream athletics. Achilles has become an international organization that provides support, training, and technical expertise to runners at all levels. They welcome people with all kinds of disabilities, such as: visual impairment, stroke, cerebral palsy, paraplegia, arthritis, amputation, multiple sclerosis, cystic fibrosis, cancer, traumatic head injury, and many others. With the help of volunteer guides, athletes participate in workouts and races using crutches, wheelchairs, handcycles, prostheses, or without aid at all.

He pleads and wails against Saboor's rule that he could not cry in Kabul as Ms. Wahdati tries to assure him that the arrangement is for the best and he will understand when he is older. Abdullah keeps Pari's box of feathers safe. Subsequent chapters expound on how the arrangement came to be: the children's stepmother, Parwana, grew up as the less-favored child to her beautiful twin sister Masooma. One day, in a flash of jealousy because Masooma and Saboor were to be wed, she pushed Masooma out of a tree resulting in paraplegia.

Although the financial situation of the Jewish hospital was declining, it was allowed to employ renowned doctors who had been dismissed elsewhere, for example, Ludwig Guttmann. He later became known as the innovator of Paraplegia- treatment and the Paralympic games. He was a medical director in Breslau during the critical date of 1938: On the 11/12 November 1938 (the night the synagogues and Jewish businesses were destroyed and Jews detained) Dr. Guttmann gave the order that any person in need should be admitted to the hospital. Until this time, it would have meant protection.

Two different singles — one by Sovine — were billed as sequels to "Teddy Bear". The two songs told conflicting stories about the boy's future. Not long after "Teddy Bear" peaked in popularity, singer Diana Williams (who was signed to Capitol Records) released a song called "Teddy Bear's Last Ride." This story, told from the point of view of a friend of Teddy Bear's mother (who cared for the lad while the mother was at work), suggests that the boy's paraplegia is part of a terminal health condition, one that eventually kills him.

Lomas ran a fundraising campaign to raise £50,000 for the charity Spinal Research to find a repair for spinal cord injury. This campaign promoted as Claire's Walk focuses around her participation in the 32nd Virgin London Marathon of 22nd April2012. She finished the Marathon in 17 days using the ReWalk robotic suit that helps people with paraplegia walk standing in upright position, on 8 May. On August 2011, Lomas announced launching a semi-nude photography calendar starring renowned event riders from Britain as a method of fundraising for purchasing the £43,000 ReWalk suit.

In 1980, at her first Marine Corps basketball training session, she fell on the court and another player stepped on her back, rupturing two discs in her spine. This in turn led Madsen to undergo surgery to her back, but a string of errors resulted in her suffering an L1 incomplete spinal cord injury and paraplegia. The US military refused to pay for Madsen's medical bills following the accident, and, in the dispute that followed, Madsen lost her home and her marriage fell apart. She fell into depression and became homeless, sometimes sleeping in her wheelchair in front of Disneyland.

During this period, he is known to have established the departments of orthopedics and paraplegia. He received a scholarship from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the Commonwealth fellowship in 1971. The next year, he moved to the Government Medical College, Nagpur and worked there till his retirement from the government service in 1980 as the Dean of the college. After retirement, Marwah founded the Handicapped Children's Rehabilitation Centre and Children's Orthopedic Hospital, in 1981, associated with the Matru Sewa Sangh, Sitabuldi for treating polio affected and physically challenged children and worked there for 20 years.

Traumatic aortic rupture is treated with surgery. However, morbidity and mortality rates for surgical repair of the aorta for this condition are among the highest of any cardiovascular surgery. For example, surgery is associated with a high rate of paraplegia, because the spinal cord is very sensitive to ischemia (lack of blood supply), and the nerve tissue can be damaged or killed by the interruption of the blood supply during surgery. A less invasive option for treatment is endovascular repair, which does not require open thoracotomy and can be safer for people with other injuries to organs.

In 1996 Monypenny fell while rock climbing in the Cataract Gorge in Launceston resulting in paraplegia. After his fall Monypenny continued to remain active in a range of sports including wheelchair tennis and Basketball, wheelchair racing, hand cycling, indoor rock climbing and skiing before concentrating on adaptive rowing. As a member of the TASRAD Board (Tasmanian Sport and Recreation Association for people with a Disability), Dominic encouraged and mentored many other Tasmanians with disabilities to be active and participate in sports and recreation. Monypenny holds a PhD in Organic Chemistry and is currently working at Lilydale District High School.

Born in England with hereditary spastic paraplegia, Surgeoner was introduced to the pool through hydrotherapy and took to swimming at an early age. He found that he could keep pace with able-bodied children of the same age in swimming galas in Hong Kong, before the family returned to England in 1974 in time for him to attend secondary school. He joined the Rushmore Mallards, a local swimming group. Soon after, Surgeoner found success in the National Junior championships in Stoke Mandeville. With the 1984 Paralympic Games being jointly hosted by the United States and the United Kingdom Surgeoner competed in numerous events.

Due to the fact that a person with ALS may initially present with only upper motor neuron symptoms, indicative of PLS, one key aspect of the Pringle Criteria is requiring a minimum of three years between symptom onset and symptom diagnosis. When these criteria are met, a diagnosis of PLS is highly likely. Other aspects of Pringle Criteria include normal EMG findings, thereby ruling out lower motor neuron involvement that is indicative of ALS, and absence of family history for Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) and ALS. Imaging studies to rule out structural or demyelinating lesions may be done as well.

Entries exist in the ledger of the works of the collegiate church of certain sums of money paid to Benedetto da Maiano for the epitaph of Santa Fina, under the dates of 29 May 1490 and 13 December 1493. The frescoes are Ghirlandaio's first known major commission, and show the first traces of his mature style. According to Saint Fina's hagiography, she had devoted her late life to a mystic devotion, which eventually led her to paraplegia. One day St. Gregory appeared to her to announce that she would be soon liberated by the illness in exchange for external life.

Fung, Ying-ki (;日本語:フンインキィ; born 7 February 1980) is a Paralympic wheelchair fencer from Hong Kong, China. At the 2000 Summer Paralympics he won three gold medals in the men's individual foil, team foil, and individual sabre events and took bronze in team sabre. Four years later at the Athens Paralympics, he won two golds in individual foil and team sabre and a silver in team foil. Fung lost the use of his legs as a child after contracting a virus which damaged his spinal cord (Actue Transverse Myelitis in 1994 with paraplegia).

Led by Heumann, eighty activists staged this sit-in on Madison Avenue, stopping traffic. In 1972 demonstrations were also held by disabled activists in Washington, D.C. to protest this veto; among the demonstrators were DIA, Paralyzed Veterans of America, the National Paraplegia Foundation, and others. In 1976, DIA picketed the United Cerebral Palsy telethon, calling telethons “demeaning and paternalistic shows which celebrate and encourage pity.” In the late 1970s, some Disabled In Action members formed a musical group called The DIA Singers, which recorded two albums, In Motion and ...and the Parking Spots Are Nothing But The Best.

Ragnarsson served as president of the American Spinal Injury Association from 1993 to 1995. From 1995 to 1997 he served as president of The Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Board, and from 1997 until 2003 he chaired the Board of Governors of The Mount Sinai Faculty Practice Associates. He was a member of the board of the American Paraplegia Society from 1997 to 1999 and a member of the United States Department of Veterans' Affairs Scientific Merit Review Board from 1984 until 2000. In 1998, he chaired the National Institutes of Health consensus conference on "Rehabilitation of Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury".

There are a few clinical situations in which it is likely that someone may not be a candidate for the surgery. These situations include those who have suffered meningitis, a congenital (birth-originating) brain infection, congenital hydrocephalus unrelated to the person's premature birth, a person who has suffered head trauma, or a person with some sort of familial disease (e.g., those with hereditary spastic paraplegia are said to not be SDR candidates). Also precluded are people who have a "mixed" CP with predominant rigidity or dystonia, significant athetosis, or ataxia; and those who have very severe scoliosis.

Osteochondromas have a low rate of malignancy (<1%) and resection of the tumor is suggested if symptoms such as pain, limitation of movement, or impingement on nerves or vessels occur. Resection of the tumor also takes place when the tumor increases in size and progresses towards malignancy. During surgical resection, the entire lesion along with the cartilaginous cap should be removed to minimize any chances of reoccurrences. Surgical treatment becomes the sole treatment of choice if common complications such as fractures, symptoms of peripheral nerves such as paresthesia, paraplegia, peroneal neuropathy, and upper limb neuropathy take place.

Long term outcomes also range widely, from full recovery to permanent tetraplegia (also called quadriplegia) or paraplegia. Complications can include muscle atrophy, loss of voluntary motor control, spasticity, pressure sores, infections, and breathing problems. In the majority of cases the damage results from physical trauma such as car accidents, gunshot wounds, falls, or sports injuries, but it can also result from nontraumatic causes such as infection, insufficient blood flow, and tumors. Just over half of injuries affect the cervical spine, while 15% occur in each of the thoracic spine, border between the thoracic and lumbar spine, and lumbar spine alone.

Injuries from T9 to T12 result in partial loss of trunk and abdominal muscle control. Thoracic spinal injuries result in paraplegia, but function of the hands, arms, and neck are not affected. One condition that occurs typically in lesions above the T6 level is autonomic dysreflexia (AD), in which the blood pressure increases to dangerous levels, high enough to cause potentially deadly stroke. It results from an overreaction of the system to a stimulus such as pain below the level of injury, because inhibitory signals from the brain cannot pass the lesion to dampen the excitatory sympathetic nervous system response.

Although relatively little is known about the function of COX4I1, mutations in this gene have been associated with mitochondrial complex IV diseases with severe phenotypes. Among these, COX deficiency and Fanconi anemia have been suspected and linked to mutations in the COX4I1 gene. Clinical features of pathogenic variants of COX4I1 can include short stature, poor weight gain, mild dysmorphic features, mental retardation, spastic paraplegia, severe epilepsy, a narrow and arched palate, malar hypoplasia, little subcutaneous fat, and arachnodactyly. The homozygous mutation K101N and a de novo 16q24.1 interstitial duplication have been found to cause defective COX4I1.

In the vast majority of cases, these diseases are transmitted by a female to her children, as the zygote derives its mitochondria and hence its mtDNA from the ovum. Diseases such as Kearns-Sayre syndrome, Pearson syndrome, and progressive external ophthalmoplegia are thought to be due to large-scale mtDNA rearrangements, whereas other diseases such as MELAS syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF), and others are due to point mutations in mtDNA. In other diseases, defects in nuclear genes lead to dysfunction of mitochondrial proteins. This is the case in Friedreich's ataxia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and Wilson's disease.

Tyler's initial experience was obtained over a two-year period at the Department of Paraplegia, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia in 1961. This unit was pioneered by Australian Orthopaedic Surgeon Sir George Bedbrook, where sport played an important role in rehabilitation South Australian Paralympian Kevin Munro and Janet Tyler reminisce at a reunion of the South Australian members of the 1968 Australian Paralympic team in Adelaide in June 2013. Tyler was instrumental in gaining financial support for the construction of the first Hydrotherapy Pool at the Hampstead Rehabilitation Centre from Dame Ruby Litchfield of the Telethon Charities in 1972. This was granted and the pool opened in 1973.

Opened in 1953, Ahmedabad Civil Hospital is the largest hospital in Asia. Civil Hospital is housed in a sprawling area, has 2,800 beds facility where over 1,300,000 patients are treated and nearly 80,000 surgeries performed annually. It also has autonomous kidney, cancer, heart, eye, paraplegia, dental and TB hospitals located on the same campus, if all are taken into account, the number of beds goes up to 3,500. A proposal has been drawn up by Gujarat government to seek World Bank aid for a nine-storey 2,000-bed building on Civil Hospital premises, raising its capacity to 4,800 beds - making it the world's largest hospital.

Vogel and Welte went on to win the first ever Olympic gold medal in the women's team sprint later that year in London, benefiting from competitors being relegated in both the semifinal and final. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she won another gold, in the women's sprint, and a bronze medal in the women's team sprint again with Miriam Welte. On 26 June 2018, in the Cottbus velodrome, Vogel collided at high speed with a Dutch junior cyclist who was practising a standing start. The heavy impact on the concrete floor caused several fractures, severing her spinal cord at the seventh thoracic vertebrae and consequently caused paraplegia.

D. medinensis causes dracunculiasis as a result of the emergence of the female worm, nonemergence of adult worms (usually the male), and secondary bacterial infections. As it emerges to the subcutaneous tissue, the female releases a toxic chemical that may result in nausea, rash at site, diarrhea, dizziness, localized edema, reddish papule, blister, and itching. Arthritis or paraplegia can result from a worm that fails to reach the skin and gets calcified in or along the joint or finds its way into the central nervous tissue. Aseptic abscesses and cystic swelling can also occur when worms rupture before emerging, causing an acute inflammatory response from the host's immune system.

Monoplegia is diagnosed by a physician after a physical examination and sometimes after further neurologic examination as well. As monoplegia is fairly rare, after physical examination of a patient complaining of monoplegia, sometimes weakness of an additional limb is also identified and the patient is diagnosed with hemiplegia or paraplegia instead. After neurologic examination of the limb, a diagnosis of a monoplegic limb can be given if the patient receives a Medical Research Council power grade of 0, which is a measurement of the patient's limb strength. Needle Electromyography is often used to study all limbs, essentially showing the extent in each limb involvement.

In 1972 demonstrations were also held by disabled activists in Washington, D.C. to protest this veto; among the demonstrators were DIA, Paralyzed Veterans of America, the National Paraplegia Foundation, and others. The Act was eventually signed into law in 1973. The text of Section 504 states: “No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United States shall solely on the basis of his handicap, be excluded from the participation, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.” This means no disabled person should be excluded from any program, service, or similar which receives federal funds.

Treatments aim to reduce symptoms and improving balance, strength, and agility. Individuals should be evaluated periodically by a neurologist and physiatrist to evaluate progress made and to develop treatment strategies to maximize walking ability and reduce symptoms. The General guidelines for follow-up and treatment can be followed while monitoring the neurologic features of the condition. Treatment for spastic paraplegia usually involves exercise to: (1) improve and maintain cardiovascular fitness (The heart's ability to supply oxygen to the tissues) (2) reverse the reduced functional capacity (3) improve the mechanics of walking, and gait in general (4) Improve the individual's independence and sense of control.

Dennie–Marfan syndrome is a syndrome in which there is association of spastic paraplegia of the lower limbs and mental retardation in children with congenital syphilis. Both sexes are affected, and the onset of the disease can be acute or insidious, with slow progression from weakness to quadriplegia. Epilepsy, cataract, and nystagmus may also be found. The syndrome was described by Charles Clayton Dennie in 1929Dennie CC. Partial paralysis of the lower extremities in children, accompanied by backward mental development. Am J Syphilis 1929; 13: 157–163 , and Antoine Marfan in 1936Marfan AB. Paraplégie spasmodique avec troubles cérébraux d’origine hérédo-syphilitique chez les grands enfants.

Worldwide, the prevalence of all hereditary spastic paraplegias combined is estimated to be 2 to 6 in 100,000 people. A Norwegian study of more than 2.5 million people published in March 2009 has found an HSP prevalence rate of 7.4/100,000 of population – a higher rate, but in the same range as previous studies. No differences in rate relating to gender were found, and average age at onset was 24 years. In the United States, Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health which means that the disorder affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.

Jason Mitchell Street is a fictional character in the NBC/DirecTV (The 101 Network) television drama Friday Night Lights, portrayed by Scott Porter. Introduced as the small town "All-American," Jason is the starting quarterback of the Dillon Panthers, with a promising future career, until an injury during the season-opening football game results in paraplegia. Jason's story arc is focused on his adjusting to life and carving out a niche for himself outside of Panthers' football. In Season 3, due to Porter leaving the show, Jason moves to New York City after landing an entry-level position at a sports agency to be near his infant son.

Fay attended the University of Illinois, one of the nation's first wheelchair-accessible universities. A few years later, he was a founder of the Boston Center for Independent Living, the Massachusetts Coalition of Citizens with Disabilities, and of the American Coalition of Citizens with Disabilities. He was also the leader of the National Paraplegia Foundation, now known as the United Spinal Association, and established and presided over its first chapter in Washington D.C.. The Association still follows Fay’s core principles of self-sufficiency and independent living to this day. Fay worked for many years at the Tufts New England Medical Center, until syringomyelia made it impossible for him to sit upright.

Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP13A2 gene that is involved in the transport of divalent transition metal cations. It appears to protect cells from manganese and zinc toxicity, possibly by causing cellular efflux and/or lysosomal sequestration; and from iron toxicity, possibly by preserving lysosome integrity against iron-induced lipid peroxidation. However, it potentiates the toxic effects of cadmium and nickel on developing neurites, and of the widely used herbicide paraquat possibly by increasing polyamine uptake. Deficiency is associated with spastic paraplegia and Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, in which there is progressive parkinsonism with dementia.

Less common symptoms that may be seen in the setting of AD include congestive heart failure (7%), fainting (9%), stroke (6%), ischemic peripheral neuropathy, paraplegia, and cardiac arrest. If the individual fainted, about half the time it is due to bleeding into the pericardium, leading to pericardial tamponade. Neurological complications of aortic dissection, such as stroke and paralysis, are due to the involvement of one or more arteries supplying portions of the central nervous system. If the AD involves the abdominal aorta, compromise of one or both renal arteries occurs in 5–8% of cases, while ischemia of the intestines occurs about 3% of the time.

During the eighth season of Cheers, Grammer made a deal with former Cheers producers David Angell, Peter Casey, and David Lee (who were moving on to produce Wings) that they would do a new series together once Cheers ended. Once it became clear during the 10th season that the 11th would be the last, the group began working on their next series together. Grammer did not originally want to continue playing Frasier Crane, and Angell, Casey, and Lee did not want the new show to be compared to Cheers, which they had worked on before Wings. The three proposed that the actor play a wealthy, Malcolm Forbes-like paraplegia publisher who operated his business from his apartment.

On 28 February 2004, 22-month- old Jet Paul Rowland (born 9 April 2002) was killed when a driver with unstable epilepsy travelling in the opposite direction suffered a seizure, crossed the median strip on the Logan Motorway, south of Brisbane, and collided with the car Jet was travelling in with his mother Anita and his brother Bailey, aged 6. Anita Rowland, a police officer with the Queensland Police Service, sustained life-threatening injuries after the 200 km per hour impact. Bailey's spinal cord was severed, causing instant paraplegia. Jet later died at Brisbane's Mater Children's Hospital on the night of 28 February due to massive internal injuries after life support had to be withdrawn.

After his injury he was retained in the Armed Forces and serves as a lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserves. He began skiing on a family holiday at the age of nine. Whilst in the navy he was captain of the Scotland, Northern England & Northern Ireland Command Team and was placed fourth overall in the Navy Ski Championships. After his accident he chose to start skiing using a sit-ski with the goal of competing at the Paralympics. He was selected to compete for the Great Britain team 14 months after sustaining his injuries and competes in the LW10/1 classification for athletes with paraplegia with no upper abdominal function and no functional sitting balance.

Now based in Chicago, NANS developed out of the American Neuromodulation Society and has evolved into a national organization whose membership has grown to more than 800 members, signifying growing interest in this specialty. The majority of these members are working in pain-related disciplines, although members in areas such as epilepsy, urinary incontinence, angina, and movement disorders are also represented. Medical specialties represented in the membership include anesthesiology, neurosurgery, neurology, PM&R;, gastroenterology, urology and basic science. In addition, NANS has taken active part in opening forums for presenting the work of those who deal with functional electrical stimulation for patients with tetraplegia (quadriplegia) and paraplegia or paralysis due to brain injury and stroke.

L1 syndrome is a group of mild to severe X-linked recessive disorders that share a common genetic basis. The spectrum of L1 syndrome disorders includes X-linked complicated corpus callosum agenesis, spastic paraplegia type 1, MASA syndrome, and X-linked hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius (HSAS). It is also called L1CAM syndrome (for the disorder's causative gene) and CRASH syndrome, an acronym for its primary clinical features: corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation (intellectual disability), adducted thumbs, spasticity, and hydrocephalus. L1 syndrome can be caused by different variants in L1CAM, the gene that provides the information that allows the body to produce L1 cell adhesion molecule (sometimes called the L1 protein).

They may have any level of visual impairment from no light perception in either eye through to a visual acuity of 6/60 and/or a visual field of less than 20 degrees. ; H (1-5) – handcycle This class is for athletes who are lower limb amputees, have paraplegia or tetraplegia and ride a handcycle using arms to turn pedals for propulsion. H1–4 cyclists compete in a lying position, whereas H5 cyclists compete in a kneeling position. ; T (1-2) – tricycle This class is for athletes who have a neurological condition or an impairment which has a comparable effect on their cycling so that they are not able to compete on a standard bicycle for reasons of balance.

In 1993, she suffered from spinal disc damage from her nursing job, she had surgery on her spine and six-month hospital stay, she was diagnosed with complete paraplegia from the fifth thoracic vertebrae and spent the rest of her life in a wheelchair. In 1994, she began competitive swimming at the Saxony Championships in April, the German championships in July of that year. Her first international appearance was at the Dutch championships in 1995 where she swam four world records at the European Championships in Perpignan. Tragedy struck in December 1995 when Espenhayn was involved in a car accident in Kreischa and was then told by doctors that she wouldn't walk again.

Manuela Schmermund (born 30 December 1971) is a German Paralympic sport shooter. Schmermund has paraplegia which was caused by damage to her spinal cord in a car accident in 1992. She competes in SH1 classification events. She has competed at the Paralympic Games in 2000; in 2004, where she won a gold medal in the 10 metre air rifle standing SH1 event and a bronze medal in the 50 metre rifle 3 positions SH1 event; in 2008, where she won a silver medal in the 10 metre air rifle standing SH1 event; in 2012, where she won a silver medal in the 10 metre air rifle standing SH1 event; and in 2016.

Non-invasive BCIs have also been applied to enable brain-control of prosthetic upper and lower extremity devices in people with paralysis. For example, Gert Pfurtscheller of Graz University of Technology and colleagues demonstrated a BCI-controlled functional electrical stimulation system to restore upper extremity movements in a person with tetraplegia due to spinal cord injury. Between 2012 and 2013, researchers at the University of California, Irvine demonstrated for the first time that it is possible to use BCI technology to restore brain-controlled walking after spinal cord injury. In their spinal cord injury research study, a person with paraplegia was able to operate a BCI-robotic gait orthosis to regain basic brain-controlled ambulation.

Front wall suture line of an infrarenal open aortic repair with a dacron bifurcated graft Open surgery typically involves exposure of the dilated portion of the aorta and insertion of a synthetic (Dacron or Gore-Tex) graft (tube). Once the graft is sewn into the proximal (toward the patient's head) and distal (toward the patient's foot) portions of the aorta, the aneurysmal sac is closed around the graft. Alternatively, the anastomosis can be carried out with expandable devices, a simpler and quicker procedure The aorta and its branching arteries are cross- clamped during open surgery. This can lead to inadequate blood supply to the spinal cord, resulting in paraplegia, when repairing thoracic aneurysms.

Alberto Colombo, postmaster of Usmate Velate in Brianza, fails to secure a transfer to Milan, which was given to a disabled colleague, much to the disappointment of both himself and his wife, who both wanted to move to the Lombardic capital for a number of reasons, including securing their son, Chicco's future who would be able to study in an "American School" there. In an attempt to get the transfer he feigns Paraplegia, however, he inadvertently stands up while meeting the inspector sent to verify his disability. As punishment, Alberto is transferred South to become postmaster of the provincial village of Castellabate - described in the movie as being near Naples. Should he refuse this transfer, he would be dismissed.

In 1996, he was highly commended by the then Sri Lanka Cricket Board in becoming of great assistance to them, as single-handedly, Perera accepted and satisfactorily completed its highly technical assignment to streamline the rules and regulations governing 2, 3 and 4-day Division – 1, Division – 2 and under 24 Major Tournament Cricket in Sri Lanka. Seated on a Wheelchair, battling paraplegia and balancing a laptop, he even Authored Two A – 4 size Internationally famed books on Cricket, The Golden Era of Sri Lankan Cricket (May 1999) and Thinking Cricket (September 2001) . They were also Published by him without any external financial support. First formal cricket scorer training in Sri Lanka.

A great fan of sports in general and airborne sports in particular, Teresa's life took a turn when in 1989 she had a paragliding accident during training for the Austrian World Championship, causing paraplegia that binds her forever to a wheelchair. After nine months of rehabilitation at the National Hospital of Paraplegics in Toledo, she began to face all the difficulties that people with disabilities encounter in their day-to-day lives. These were difficult times, but she did not give up her efforts to return to her life as a journalist and innovative businesswoman in air sports. In April 1998, Teresa was able to start adapted alpine skiing and in January 2000 she created the Santiveri Adaptive Ski Exhibition and Competition Team.

Across most cultures, nations, and groups of people, the average and median ratings of life satisfaction are not neutral, as one might expect, but mildly positive. Groups of people who do not show a positivity offset include people with depression, people in severe poverty, and people who live in perpetually threatening situations. However, many groups of people that outsiders would not expect to show the positivity offset do, such as people with paraplegia and spinal injury, very elderly people, and people with many chronic illnesses. In some cases these individuals never become as satisfied or happy with their lives as before their illness or injury, but over time (generally approximately two years), they still stabilize at a level substantially above neutral.

3) #150 (July 2002) Before he purged all of the power, though, he modified his ring and conjured a new Corps uniform to reflect his new maturity. Once again limited only by his willpower and imagination, Rayner's ring could still affect yellow and would always harbor a lifeline of power without a time limit on its power, is keyed directly to him, and would always return to him, though it still required charging to reach full power. After the brutal gay bashing of his young assistant and friend Terry Berg, Rayner went on a lengthy self-imposed exile into space. Before leaving, he placed John Stewart, recently recovered from his paraplegia and given a new power ring, into his spot in the Justice League.

Contact between the side of the lumbar puncture needle and a spinal nerve root can result in anomalous sensations (paresthesia) in a leg during the procedure; this is harmless and people can be warned about it in advance to minimize their anxiety if it should occur. Serious complications of a properly performed lumbar puncture are extremely rare. They include spinal or epidural bleeding, adhesive arachnoiditis and trauma to the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots resulting in weakness or loss of sensation, or even paraplegia. The latter is exceedingly rare, since the level at which the spinal cord ends (normally the inferior border of L1, although it is slightly lower in infants) is several vertebral spaces above the proper location for a lumbar puncture (L3/L4).

Breathworks was founded in 2004 by Vidyamala Burch, Sona Fricker, and Gary Hennessey, growing out of a 2001 pilot scheme funded by a grant from the UK's Millennium Commission. This grant supported Burch to receive training from Jon Kabat-Zinn in mindfulness-based stress reduction, and enabled her to begin a "Peace of Mind" course in Manchester that used mindfulness and loving-kindness meditations to help those suffering from chronic pain. Drawing on her own experience of severe long-term back pain and partial paraplegia, Burch emphasized the need to turn towards difficult experiences with acceptance and kindness rather than continually struggling to defeat or overcome them. The pilot course received a positive response from participants, and was inundated with inquiries.

In all, 219,000 prisoners were exchanged. During the war, some prisoners were sent to neutral Switzerland on grounds of ill health. Internment conditions were very strict in Switzerland but softened with time. Only the following illnesses could lead to departure from Germany: diseases of the circulatory system, serious nervous problems, tumours and severe skin diseases, blindness (total or partial), serious face injuries, tuberculosis, one or more missing limbs, paralysis, brain disorders like paraplegia or haemiplegia and serious mental illnesses. From 1917, the criteria were extended to prisoners older than 48 or who had spent over eighteen months in captivity. The Red Cross helped initiate these internments, which it proposed at the end of 1914 and were implemented starting in February 1915.

Sir William Withey Gull, 1st Baronet (31 December 181629 January 1890), was a 19th-century English physician. Of modest family origins, he rose through the ranks of the medical profession to establish a lucrative private practice and serve in a number of prominent roles, including Governor of Guy's Hospital, Fullerian Professor of Physiology and President of the Clinical Society. In 1871, having successfully treated the Prince of Wales during a life- threatening attack of typhoid fever, he was created a Baronet and appointed to be one of the Physicians-in-Ordinary to Queen Victoria. Gull made a number of significant contributions to medical science, including advancing the understanding of myxoedema, Bright's disease, paraplegia and anorexia nervosa (for which he first established the name).

If this occurs, cerebrospinal fluid can be freely aspirated from the catheter. This is used to detect such occurrence, and the catheter will be withdrawn and replaced elsewhere, though occasionally no fluid is aspirated despite a dural puncture. If dural puncture is not recognized, large doses of anesthetic may be delivered directly into the cerebrospinal fluid. This may result in a high block, or, more rarely, a total spinal, where anesthetic is delivered directly to the brainstem, causing unconsciousness and sometimes seizures. Rare complications of epidural administration include formation of an epidural abscess (1 in 145,000) or epidural haematoma (1 in 168,000), neurological injury lasting longer than 1 year (1 in 240,000), paraplegia (1 in 250,000), and arachnoiditis, Rarely, an epidural may cause death (1 in 100,000).

The story begins with the introduction of famous motorcycle champion, Gerd Frentzen. After a tragic accident at the circuit, Gerd is rendered a paraplegic, until offered a cure in the way of a drug, which miraculously cures his paraplegia - by transforming him into an Amalgam. Gerd publicly exposes his Amalgam form during an XAT operation and has agents Hermann and his partner Amanda assigned to him by the organization for constant surveillance to study the nature of his metamorphosis, but concluded that the Demoniac responsible for Gerd's accident was also an Amalgam-human hybrid—explaining its ability to elude capture. With the help of his friend Hermann, Gerd escapes to visit his girlfriend Jill, only to discover she had been scheming all along with Gerd's former team manager, Matthew, in exploiting his fame—old & new.

A heterozygous deletion in GRID2 in humans causes a complicated spastic paraplegia with ataxia, frontotemporal dementia, and lower motor neuron involvement whereas a homozygous biallelic deletion leads to a syndrome of cerebellar ataxia with marked developmental delay, pyramidal tract involvement and tonic upgaze, that can be classified as an ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (AOA) and has been named spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive type 18 (SCAR18). A gain of channel function, resulting from a point mutation in mouse GRID2, is associated with the phenotype named 'lurcher', which in the heterozygous state leads to ataxia and motor coordination deficits resulting from selective, cell-autonomous apoptosis of cerebellar Purkinje cells during postnatal development. Mice homozygous for this mutation die shortly after birth from massive loss of mid- and hindbrain neurons during late embryogenesis.

For many years mutations of the seipin gene were associated with a loss of function, such as in CGL (see above). However, recent studies show that mutations such as N88S and S90L seem to have a gain-of-toxic-function which may result in autosomal dominant motor neuron diseases and distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Owing to the wide clinical spectrum of these mutations, it has been proposed to collectively refer to seipin-related motor neuron diseases as seipinopathies. Symptoms can vary and include: developmental regression of motor and cognitive skills in the first years of life leading to death (encephalopathy), muscle weakness and spasticity in lower limbs (spastic paraplegia type XVII), weakness of distal muscles of upper limbs (distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V) as well as wasting of the hand muscles (in both cases).

Myelomalacia is a pathological term referring to the softening of the spinal cord. Possible causes of myelomalacia include cervical myelopathy, hemorrhagic infarction, or acute injury, such as that caused by intervertebral disc extrusion. In advanced stages, this disorder causes flaccid paraplegia (impairment of motor function in lower extremities), total areflexia (below normal or absence of reflexes) of the pelvic limbs and anus, loss of deep pain perception caudal (toward the coccyx, or tail) to the site of spinal cord injury, muscular atrophy (wasting away of muscle tissue), depressed mental state, and respiratory difficulty due to intercostal (muscles that run between the ribs) and diaphragmatic paralysis. Gradual cranial migration of the neurological deficits (problems relating to the nervous system), is known as ascending syndrome and is said to be a typical feature of diffuse myelomalacia.

The earliest recorded history of a wheelchair was inscribed in stone on a Chinese Sarcophagus in the 6th century A.D.Cooper, R.A. 1998, "Wheelchair Selection and Configuration", pg 2 There have been many variations on the basic design since then but standard features always included rear wheels, front caster wheels, footrests, side frames and seating features. Until recently wheelchairs were designed for relatively smooth surfaces and paved streets and were not designed for rugged environments. Thirty years ago, Ralf Hotchkiss, an engineer with paraplegia and a frequent traveler to developing countries, saw the need for a high quality and rugged chair that could withstand conditions in rough terrain. He began a thirty year process of collaborative design using locally available parts with a cost low enough to be affordable to disabled persons in developing regions.Hotchkiss,R.

Romy Pansters (born 22 April 1996) is a Dutch paratriathlete and former Paralympic swimmer who competes at international level events, she was also a tennis player and handballer at national youth level before suffering from a blood clot in her spinal cord which led to paraplegia in June 2006 and has used a wheelchair since however is learning to walk again through rehabilitation. During her swimming career, she has won two European swimming medals and was a finalist in the women's 400m freestyle S8 where she finished last place as well as swimming at the 50m freestyle S8 and 100m freestyle S8. Pansters switched sports and turned to paratriathlon in 2015, she competed in the ETU Paratriathlon Championships but did not finish after she crashed her bike during the race in Lisbon.

Injuries to the spinal cord interfere with electrical signals between the brain and the muscles, resulting in paralysis below the level of injury. Restoration of limb function as well as regulation of organ function are the main application of FES, although FES is also used for treatment of pain, pressure, sore prevention, etc. Some examples of FES applications involve the use of neuroprostheses that allow the people with paraplegia to walk, stand, restore hand grasp function in people with quadriplegia, or restore bowel and bladder function. High intensity FES of the quadriceps muscles allows patients with complete lower motor neuron lesion to increase their muscle mass, muscle fiber diameter, improve ultrastructural organization of contractile material, increase of force output during electrical stimulation and perform FES assisted stand-up exercises.

DeBakey was first to perform cardiopulmonary bypass to repair the ascending aorta, using antegrade perfusion of the brachiocephalic artery. By the mid-1960s, at Baylor College of Medicine, DeBakey’s group began performing surgery on thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA), which presented formidable surgical challenges, often fraught with serious complications, such as paraplegia, paraparesis and renal failure. DeBakey protégé and vascular Surgeon, E. Stanley Crawford, in particular, began dedicating most of his time to TAAAs. In 1986, he classified TAAA open surgery cases into four types: Extent I, extending from the left subclavian artery to just below the renal artery; Extent II, from the left subclavian to below the renal artery; Extent III, from the sixth intercostal space to below the renal artery; and Extent IV, from the twelfth intercostal space to the iliac bifurcation (i.e.

Riley suffered a stroke in 1993 which caused paraplegia; he was unable to walk, and used a wheelchair for the rest of his life. The doctors attending to him erroneously thought that his condition was the result of drug use or a suicide attempt, and he was forced to live in a "convalescent home" for nearly 10 years, with people he described as "lowlifes, criminals, psychopaths, and token seniors with whom nobody wanted to bother." He participated in a musical project called Miasma of Funk, engineering and doing drum programming for a track titled "The Law of Averages" on the 1997 compilation album The Glory of Destruction. He was able to get out of the government care system in 2001, and moved into an apartment south of Chicago.

Xing was beheaded by Gozu on Enra's orders for his role in the plot, which did not kill him, and Hoji was banished to the mortal realm for his treachery. Enra later saw that only the sacrifice of an Ancient could revive Ameonna and save the Shadow Realm, and thus sought the Nobitsura Kage, the only thing in existence which can kill an Ancient. Enra brokered a deal with the mortal Zilla to find and assemble the sword, promising a cure for his paraplegia and the assistance of demons to conquer the Earth. On his quest for the third piece of the sword, Wang, who originally sought the Nobitsura Kage to deliver to Zilla, turns against his boss, betraying the Kyokagami twins, fellow assassins who also work for Zilla, in order to help Hoji retrieve the final piece of the weapon.

As a para alpine skier (LW10 class: sitting, paraplegia with no or some upper abdominal function and no functional sitting balance) he participated at the 1998 Winter Paralympics (won a bronze medal in downhill) and at the 2002 Winter Paralympics (won three silver medals - in slalom, giant slalom and super-G - and a bronze medal in downhill). Before the 2006 Winter Paralympics, the idea was that Ronny would end his alpine career by winning a Paralympic gold, which he did at most of the World Cups. But an injury that led to a serious infection and blood poisoning put an end to these plans. After some years without sport he started wheelchair curling at 2013.Stockholm » Ronny glider fram mot VM och Paralympiska spelen As a wheelchair curler he participated at the 2018 Winter Paralympics where Swedish team finished on tenth place.

Injuries to the spinal cord are classified as quadriplegia or paraplegia depending on the location of damage to the spinal cord, also known as the severity of the injury. Quadriplegia - The nerves that supply feeling and movement to the arms and hands, as well as the nerves of the diaphragm come from the nerve roots in the cervical spinal cord (C1-C7) or neck region. If the spinal cord is injured in this area, movement and sensation may be interrupted to the arms and hands as well as the rest of the body, including muscles in the abdomen, chest and legs as well as bladder, bowel, and sexual function. If the injury is high enough that the diaphragm is affected, breathing problems will also occur; thus, quadriplegia is a condition that causes paralysis of both the upper and lower limbs.

Miner served as the Director of the Marine Historical Museum, a board member of the International Foundation for Sciences, Director of the National Paraplegia Fund, and many different administrative roles at the New York Academy of Sciences. She was appointed to the position of Executive Secretary of the New York Academy of Sciences in October 1939 by the Scientific Council of the Academy. Her first efforts as the Executive Secretary were to conduct a series of membership drives which, according to Simon Baatz, the success of which "relied more heavily on a gregarious nature than on the scientific merits of the organization." By 1948, the membership of the Academy was at 4,000 and required the Academy to find a new home outside of the two rooms provided as meeting space by the American Museum of Natural History. The Academy launched a $1,000,000 fund drive for the purchase of a new home.

In melanocytic cells RIPK5 gene expression may be regulated by MITF. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 23.Lee JYW, Hsu CK, Michael M, Nanda A, Liu L, McMillan JR, Pourreyron C, Takeichi T, Tolar J, Reid E, Hayday T, Blumen SC, Abu-Mouch S, Straussberg R, Basel- Vanagaite L, Barhum Y, Zouabi Y, Al-Ajmi H, Huang HY, Lin TC, Akiyama M, Lee JYY, McLean WHI, Simpson MA, Parsons M, McGrath JA (2017) Large intragenic deletion in DSTYK underlies autosomal-recessive complicated spastic paraparesis, SPG23. Am J Hum Genet 100(2):364-370 "Diagram of HsInv0006 (orange bar) genomic region showing the effect of the inverted allele on the expression of neighboring genes in different tissues according to the GTEx data and the inversion tag SNP in Europeans associated to increased risk of Glaucoma" Giner-Delgado, Carla, et al.

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, also known as 20-HETE or 20-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, is an eicosanoid metabolite of arachidonic acid that has a wide range of effects on the vascular system including the regulation of vascular tone, blood flow to specific organs, sodium and fluid transport in the kidney, and vascular pathway remodeling. These vascular and kidney effects of 20-HETE have been shown to be responsible for regulating blood pressure and blood flow to specific organs in rodents; genetic and preclinical studies suggest that 20-HETE may similarly regulate blood pressure and contribute to the development of stroke and heart attacks. Additionally the loss of its production appears to be one cause of the human neurological disease, Hereditary spastic paraplegia. Preclinical studies also suggest that the overproduction of 20-HETE may contribute to the progression of certain human cancers, particularly those of the breast.

MBPM was developed by Vidyamala Burch, growing out of her experience of chronic pain, her practice of Buddhist meditation, and her work with medical experts in pain management. Having suffered several accidents in her early life which, alongside a congenital spine condition, left her with severe long-term pain and partial paraplegia, Burch turned to meditation initially as a way to escape her bodily experience, after having been introduced to visualization practice during a long hospital stay in her mid-20s. Eventually, after encountering the Triratna Buddhist Community, she became a practicing Buddhist, and moved from New Zealand to the UK to live full-time in a residential Buddhist community. In the late-1990s she suffered a further collapse in her health, confining her to home for long periods and requiring her to start using a wheelchair, which led her to re-evaluate her meditation practice.

At the beginning of his research career, he focused his attention on gene-disease identification including: the Kallmann syndrome gene (involved in axonal orientation), the OA1 gene (which deals withmelanosomes biogenesis and is mutated in ocular albinism), the paraplegine gene (which is involved in mitochondrial biology and mutated in hereditary spastic paraplegia), the MID1 gene (which is involved in the development of the median line and mutated in the OBB Opitz syndrome). He then focused on identifying the mechanisms underlying rare genetic diseases, particularly regarding lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). In this context, he made the discovery of the Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD), in which all members of the sulphatase family (17 in humans) are deficient due to a defect in a post-translational modification. Using an innovative approach, he identified the SUMF1 (Modification Factor 1 sulphatase) gene, which is responsible for this post-translational modification and is mutated in MSD patients.

In 1974, Murphy experienced a tragic turn of events, as he began to lose motor control to his lower extremities. He was diagnosed as having a benign but slow-growing tumor of the spinal cord that would unrelentingly lead to impairment of his central nervous system and greater loss of bodily functions over the next 16 years of his life; within two years, by 1976, he was quadriplegic and used a wheelchair full-time. Murphy had the "rage to live", and began to edit his popular lectures on cultural anthropology for a new textbook, Overture to Social Anthropology (1979), later revised into second (1986) and third (1989) editions before he died. Murphy dramatically transformed his scholarly efforts into an anthropological study of paraplegia, a major project funded by the National Science Foundation, which he wrote about in his ethnography of "the damaged self", The Body Silent: The Different World of the Disabled (1987, 1990, 2001), which won the Columbia University Lionel Trilling Award.

Her working hypothesis is that for each trafficking pathway, there are a number of different adaptors, each of which is recruited independently onto the appropriate membrane. Once on the membrane, the various adaptors would work together to package different types of cargo into the newly forming vesicle. Robinson and her researchers use several approaches to look for novel adaptors and other components of the trafficking machinery, including proteomic analyses of sub cellular fractions, genome-wide siRNA library screening, insertional mutagenesis, and a new method they developed for rapidly inactivating proteins, called ‘knock sideways’. Her current projects include establishing the functions of AP-1 and other adaptors in differentiated cells; matching up machinery and cargo proteins; investigating how clathrin and adaptors are hijacked by the HIV-1-encoded protein Nef; determine why mutations in the non-clathrin adaptors AP-4 and AP-5 cause hereditary spastic paraplegia; and exploring the evolution of adaptors.

At the 2010 World Hockey Summit, Aubry called for raising the minimum age for body checking to 13 or 14 and eliminating hits from behind altogether. Based on his research and experience, he argued that children should be developing skills instead, as they are the most vulnerable to injury due to height and weight differences; he cited research which highlights risks of long-term effects for athletes who have had multiple concussions, specifically younger hockey players. Aubry called for instructing players that a body check is a way of separating an opponent from the puck, rather than continuing the perception of hockey as a rough sport where putting an opposing player through the boards is considered part of the game, given that no safety equipment could prevent serious injuries such as the Ronny Keller incident resulting in paraplegia. Aubry has also testified before the Canadian International Trade Tribunal as an expert witness on the safety of hockey equipment.

Local anesthetic injections into the nerves or sensitive areas of the stump may relieve pain for days, weeks, or sometimes permanently, despite the drug wearing off in a matter of hours; and small injections of hypertonic saline into the soft tissue between vertebrae produces local pain that radiates into the phantom limb for ten minutes or so and may be followed by hours, weeks or even longer of partial or total relief from phantom pain. Vigorous vibration or electrical stimulation of the stump, or current from electrodes surgically implanted onto the spinal cord, all produce relief in some patients. Mirror box therapy produces the illusion of movement and touch in a phantom limb which in turn may cause a reduction in pain. Paraplegia, the loss of sensation and voluntary motor control after serious spinal cord damage, may be accompanied by girdle pain at the level of the spinal cord damage, visceral pain evoked by a filling bladder or bowel, or, in five to ten per cent of paraplegics, phantom body pain in areas of complete sensory loss.

He achieved his first World Cup victory in Sweden in February 1983, but incurred his first major injury two weeks later, tearing all the ligaments, cartilage, and a tendon in his left knee in a crash during a downhill at Lake Louise. In the following season, he won five slalom races and was third in the overall standings. In 1985, Girardelli won 11 races and the World Cup overall title, followed by another overall title in 1986 and a third in 1989. After another major accident in 1990, in which he narrowly avoided paraplegia, he recovered to win the overall again in 1991 and in 1993 for a record fifth time – a record until Marcel Hirscher won a sixth title in 2017 (Annemarie Moser-Pröll won six women's World Cups). In total, Girardelli won 46 World Cup races (fifth-most of all time among men) and recorded 100 podiums. Because Girardelli retained Austrian citizenship while skiing for Luxembourg, he was ineligible to compete in the 1980 or 1984 Winter Olympics - but also to compete in the 1982 World Championships.