1000 Sentences With "overlying" | Random Sentence Generator

Intense pressure of the overlying ice would warm the ice.

The ripples overlying the bedrock indicate the escape of the sand.

"I miss the people I love," she wrote in overlying text.

" Harley wrote in overlying text on the image, "It's not me.

That's kind of the overlying message I get from all the girls.

If the RPE cells die (this) could cause the overlying retina to die.

Where is the reflection of this reality in research priorities and overlying policies?

There was this overlying feeling of incredulity, like this can't possibly be real.

As radioactive elements decay within the core, they produce heat, melting the overlying ice.

"Hello 3rd Trimester!" she wrote in overlying text on a photo of herself on the beach.

Some of the bone fractures could have been caused by pressure from overlying sediment, he suggested.

"Hello 3rd Trimester!" she wrote in overlying text on a photo of herself on the beach.

Are these obvious similarities between claimed pre-Clovis artifacts and later points found in overlying sediments merely coincidental?

Poroelasticity appears to be generating earthquakes in the basement even when water is injected into overlying sedimentary rocks.

Pop the skin overlying the most 'ready area'—usually stretched-out skin over a yellow pus-filled bump. 6.

Overlying the image of Vermeer's painting in my mind, I was fairly convinced that this could be the place.

"The organics are then injected, together with the hot water, into the overlying cooler ocean by hydrothermal vents," Postberg said.

His arms were thin and wiry, just bone and sinewy muscle; the overlying skin hung loosely, reflecting significant muscle loss.

They removed bits of flowstone overlying paintings and used the samples to date the minimum age of the artwork underneath.

"The overlying factor is, what is the best service I can give my guests?" she said in a telephone interview.

If there's one overlying theme at the videogame trade show's biggest convention, it's that VR is coming in a big way.

Artist's concept for "chaos terrain" on Europa, with liquid water from a subsurface ocean seeping through cracks in the overlying ice.

Try to do it in one shot in order to minimize irritation and even tearing the surrounding and overlying skin. 7.

In 2016, Clinton's underlying (and sometimes overlying) message was something like this: Trump is awful and you will never vote for him.

The shape of the rooms deflected the weight of the overlying rock around the King's Chamber, ensuring that the roof didn't collapse.

"If the snow overlying a den is more than a meter thick, FLIR is not going to see it," Dr. Smith said.

"The second structure's morphology is shallower [and] its overlying ice is conformal and older," MacGregor and his co-authors write in the study.

This in turn raises overlying air temperatures, helping to melt more ice and continuing the feedback loop known to scientists as Arctic amplification.

"The worst part was an overlying feeling of helplessness, like no one was advocating for us and our safety or well being," he says.

There was the signal, and there was their prediction of what the waveform from the merger of two black holes would look like overlying it.

Additionally, Houweling has an Instagram Story album dedicated to Safai, which includes the kissy photo of the couple with an "I love You!" overlying GIF.

Its overlying message, "1984 won't be like [George Orwell's dystopian novel] 1984," is ironic in retrospect, considering the tech industry's role in our current surveillance state.

And on Kassius' Peach Pit snap, Marcil wrote in overlying text, "#Believeinmiracles #forgiveness Our youth will lead the way…." with both a praying hands and red heart emoji.

"These fragments accumulate along the submarine slope to form a loose foundation that will eventually support overlying lava flows that build the delta above sea level," USGS reports.

Accordingly, Morrison used a modern database applicable to European males of the same age group, which included tissue depth markers, to estimate the thickness of the tissues overlying the skull.

The E. coli strain could have been present in the reservoir for months or years because the bacteria can survive longer in sediment than in overlying water, the report said.

Experts first digitally separated the shape of the skull bones from the overlying plaster then converted data from a micro-CT scan to create a 3D-printed model of the cranium.

ANWR covers some 19 million acres of Alaskas North Slope, home to bears, carbou, lynx and muskox, and overlying around 16 billion barrels of recoverable crude oil reserves, according to federal officials.

ANWR covers some 19 million acres of Alaska's North Slope, home to bears, caribou, lynx and muskox, and overlying around 16 billion barrels of recoverable crude oil reserves, according to federal officials.

They also use satellite images to identify areas that are inundated on land, but those are of limited use in the tropics, where overlying vegetation and heavy cloud cover can mask standing water.

Mann said the ocean temperature anomalies of 5 to 6 degrees Fahrenheit above average would yield more than a 2% increase of the moisture content of the air overlying that layer of ocean waters.

L, which owns a 45 percent stake in Resolution - says it has spent 16 years and $1.3 billion on the project, including a decade acquiring acreage in the Tonto National Forest overlying the copper deposit.

Michael Block, chief strategist at Rhino Trading Partners, credits the recent streak to "an overlying sense that nothing bad is allowed to happen," partially due to optimism about President Donald Trump's stated tax cut, deregulation and infrastructure plans.

Since an icy overburden will both fill the voids with water and compress the rock, Dr Mordret reasoned that changes in the speed of transmission in rocks under ice sheets will reflect the thickness of the overlying sheet.

The Interior Department oversees territories covering a fifth of the country's surface from the Arctic to the Gulf of Mexico, comprising sensitive wildlife habitats, iconic landscapes, and overlying rich deposits of oil, gas and coal and important pasture lands for ranchers.

While no one is sure what Senator Susa Collins means by "starting from scratch" on AHCA, they are sure to add Senate patches on top of House patches, which are overlying Obama's patches, that were placed over Carter, Reagan, Clinton, and Bush patches.

This overlying snarl of rope evokes doctrines such as Timothy Morton's concept of the mesh, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's concept of the rhizome, and Bruno Latour's Actor-network theory, as well as such artworks as Marcel Duchamp's spidery 1942 installation, his twine.

In some ways the book has the affect of an elegant short story overlying the complications and concerns of a novel: These are not characters who change and develop, for all that it's partly the tale of the god's development over geologic time.

Overlying such disparities are other divisions, between prospering cities and struggling hinterlands, and between the few big, globally competitive conglomerates with access to capital, knowledge and political clout, and millions of small firms at risk of extinction from a flick of the government's bureaucratic tail.

Rio Tinto - along with the Australian mining company BHP Billiton, which owns a 45 percent stake in Resolution - says it has spent 16 years and $1.3 billion on the project, including a decade acquiring acreage in the Tonto National Forest overlying the copper deposit.

Scientists often talk of beauty when describing concepts or solutions, and I think this relates to that definition of the sublime, but there is an overlying idea contained within beauty and sublime that ties together the process of artists, scientists and a more general human perception.

The narrative plot line revolved around an overlying alien colonist myth arc in which the US government is involved in an alien/human hybrid-cloning project, resistant to alien colonization, frequently interspersed with monster of the week episodes playing on the fears all for dramatic relief.

The monuments covered by the review will range from the Grand Staircase in Utah created by President Bill Clinton in 1996 to the Bears Ears monuments created by President Barack Obama in December 2016 in the same state, covering millions of acres of land overlying minerals, oil and gas.

"This is Ron this weekend with another girl again," she wrote in overlying text before sharing separate screenshots of Ortiz-Magro on two separate occasions: one of him sitting beside a blonde-haired woman — who was invited over to the cast's home during their Miami vacation — and another of him in a hot tub with an unidentified brunette.

"If a patient stores the e-cigarette near the defibrillator - such as in shirt or jacket pocket overlying the device - there is a risk of temporarily disabling the defibrillator's ability to detect and treat a potentially lethal heart rhythm abnormality," said Julie Shea of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston, coauthor of the case report.

It has an overlying sense of wonder, as conveyed through the mysterious creatures that first grow the titular peach to mammoth size, the jolly centipede causing constant mischief with his 100 (or maybe just 42) shoes, and the short-fused giants that James and his magical new insect friends meet when their swollen stone fruit floats up into the sky.

The Cambrian stage 2 - stage 3 boundary (Tommotian/Atdabanian) has been reported as being within the Random Formation, or possibly in the overlying Bonavista Formation. The overlying Smith Point Formation hosts the first trilobites.

Also, a dumbwaiter was installed between the kitchen and the overlying hall.

Overlying grey-green, locally manganiferous mudrock is assigned to the Beaverbank Formation.

Fracture blisters occur on skin overlying a fractured bone, and fractures complicated by the development of overlying blisters remain a clinical dilemma in orthopedics. Fracture blisters are tense vesicles or bullae that arise on markedly swollen skin directly overlying a fracture. Fracture blisters pop up in trauma patients occasionally. A fracture blister typically occurs near fractures where the skin has little subcutaneous tissue between it and bone.

The Cordillera Oriental, however, is composed of folded stratified rocks overlying a crystalline core.

To the southeast of this crater, overlying the rim of Mendeleev, is the large Schuster.

The group is conformable with both the underlying Abo Formation and the overlying Glorieta Sandstone.

The infilling of these burrows consists of the same fine tuffaceous sand of overlying horizons.

The Mount Kinabalu intrusion is a laccolith where intrusion of magma pushes up into the stratigraphy. The sediments in the overlying stratigraphy have been deformed as a result of this pluton style intrusion. The Mount Kinabalu intrusion is a laccolith style pluton that caused the deformation of sediments overlying the intrusion. It intruded between 7.85Ma and 7.22Ma into shallow depths of less than 12 km splitting the overlying sediments from the underlying ultramafic basement rocks.

The border between the Hunter Wash member and overlying Farmington member dates to approximately 74 million years ago. The top of the Farmington member and bottom of the overlying De-na-zin member has been radiometrically dated to 73.37 ± 0.28 Ma ago. The top of the De-na-zin member, which contains the Willow Wash local fauna, has been dated to 73.04 ± 0.25 Ma ago. Overlying the De-na-zin member is a unit called the Naashoibito member This has often been considered to be part of the Kirtland formation, but more recently has been transferred back to the overlying Ojo Alamo Formation, which it had originally been part of.

Overlying the renal fascia and between this and the transverse fascia is a region of pararenal fat.

The basal contact of the Walcott Member with the overlying Sixtymile Formation is conformable. Typically, the contact between the underlying black shale typical of the Walcott and overlying basal red sandstones of the Sixtymile Formation consists of a interval that is gradational in nature. The transition beds and the basal laminated red sandstone of the Sixtymile Formation lack any fragmental or exotic debris, unlike the overlying strata. These field relations thus indicate that deposition was continuous across the Chuar Group-Sixtymile boundary.

A flame structure is a type of soft-sediment deformation that forms in unconsolidated sediments. The weight of an overlying bed forces an underlying bed to push up through the overlying bed, generally when both strata are saturated with water. The resulting pattern (in cross section) may resemble flames. In order for the flame structure to occur, the overlying bed must be of a higher density than the underlying bed, or there must be differential pressures in the upper bed.

The overlying peat is cut by drainage channels or groughs. Much of the area is open access land.

Sedimentary rocks of Carboniferous age underlie the southern two-thirds of the national park. The oldest of these rocks within the park are assigned to the Inverclyde Group. Overlying these are the rocks of the Border Group and the youngest ones within the park are assigned to the overlying Yoredale Group.

They contain complex trending of shear zones and fracture networks. The overlying Jurassic volcanic rocks are mainly basaltic lava flows.

The crater features have a softened appearance, possibly due to overlying ejecta from the much larger Schwarzschild and Compton impacts.

Because of the gradient in pressure due to the overlying weight of the glacier, such streams can even flow uphill.

They are under tremendous pressure because of the overlying rock material. When erosion removes the overlying rock material, these intrusive rocks are exposed and the pressure on them is released. The outer parts of the rocks then tend to expand. The expansion sets up stresses which cause fractures parallel to the rock surface to form.

Similar sediments collected from a shale folded in the core of the Four Peaks synform yielded a MDA of 1580 Mya. In the Upper Salt River Canyon, overlying the White Ledge Formation (a correlative to the Mazatzal Group), sediments from the conformably overlying Yankee Joe and Blackjack Formations yielded MDA of ca. 1470 Mya.

Over the last several million years, much of the overlying sediment has eroded away, leaving the coal seams near the surface.

The formation is largely part of the north-western rift flank overlying the Nachola Formation, part of the Neogene system (Samburu).

The method integratedly considers the stresses and deformations of soils and geosynthetics, and variation of settlement with depth in overlying soil.

Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations, Enceladus Rev 80 Flyby: Aug 11 '08. Retrieved 2008-08-15. Diapirs commonly intrude vertically upward along fractures or zones of structural weakness through denser overlying rocks because of density contrast between a less dense, lower rock mass and overlying denser rocks. The density contrast manifests as a force of buoyancy.

The Hugoton Field is a stratigraphic trap overlying a monocline, with the primary pay found in the Krider Dolomite of Permian age.Pippin, p. 217 This dolomite and the overlying Herington dolomite make up the Wolfcampian carbonates. Above these carbonates is the Wichita, an anhydrite and dense dolomite forming the reservoir seal, which thins to the west.

Based on the stratigraphic relations with the overlying and underlying units, the age has been estimated to be middle to late Coniacian.

Quarryville Basal Conestoga (slate and limestone conglomerate), unconformably overlying Vintage Dolomite, Bellemont Quarry The Conestoga Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania.

The Arafura Sea (or Arafuru Sea) lies west of the Pacific Ocean, overlying the continental shelf between Australia and Indonesian New Guinea.

However, under a more restrictive definition of the Yangliujing Formation, the fossils of Dingxiao would instead belong to the overlying Zhuganpo Formation.

This Tertiary age tuff is found throughout the Thomas Range. In 1959, beryllium deposits (bertrandite) were found overlying this tuff on Spor Mountain.

Granite II gradationally underlies Granite I, although in places dyke-like bodies of Granite II have intruded Granite I and the overlying breccias.

Diapirism involves the vertical displacement of a parcel of material through overlying strata in order to reach equilibrium within a system that has an established density gradient (see Rayleigh–Taylor instability). To reach equilibrium, parcels from a stratum composed of less- dense material will rise towards Earth's surface, creating formations that are most often expressed in cross-section as “tear drop”-shaped, where the rounded end is that closest to the surface of the overlying strata. If overlying strata are weak enough to deform as the parcel rises, a dome can form; in cases where the overlying strata are particularly devoid of resistance to applied stress, the diapir may penetrate through the strata altogether and erupt on the surface. Potential materials comprised by these less-dense strata include salt (which is highly incompressible, thus creating the structural instability that leads to diapirism when buried under deposited strata and subject to overlying stress) and partially melted migmatite (a metamorphic- texture rock frequently found in domes due to the typical involvement of heat and/or pressure with their formation).

If meltwater accumulates, the discharges are episodic under continental ice sheets as well as under Alpine glaciers. The discharge results when water collects, the overlying ice is lifted, and the water moves outward in a pressurized layer or a growing under-ice lake. Areas where the ice is most easily lifted (i.e. areas with thinner overlying ice sheets) are lifted first.

Due to rainwater leaking into the exhibition areas from the overlying building, the museum was temporarily closed and is planned to reopen in 2019.

1923 mainly with reference to the overlying Licking Creek Limestone. The type locality is about 0.25 miles south of Mandata, Pennsylvania, on Route 225.

The local bedrock consists of the Cuyahoga Formation (shale) and the overlying Logan Formation (sandstone and conglomerate), both Lower Carboniferous and rich in fossils.

The site consists of Aeolian sediments (sand and loess) overlying weathered bedrock of the Yukon- Tanana crystalline terrace.West, Frederick Hadleigh., and Constance F. West.

In addition, a small dacite lava flow is found on the north side at the base of the mountain, overlying the regional glacial drift.

The Joli Fou Formation was previously referred to as the Pelican Shale, but renamed in 1949 to avoid confusion with the overlying Pelican Sandstone beds.

Sandstones of the Upper Greensand Formation above Blackgang The Selborne Group comprises claystones of the Gault Formation and sandstones of the overlying Upper Greensand Formation.

The Abiquiu Formation may correlate with the Cordito Member. The age of the formation is presently constrained by radiometric ages of interbedded flows and underlying and overlying formations. The underlying Treasure Mountain and Masonic Park Tuffs have radiometric ages of 29.8 to 28.2 Ma. Interbedded flows have been dated at 17.7 Ma and 20.7 Ma. Flows of the overlying Servilleta Formation are 4.5 Ma old.

Bishop, pp. 29–31 A succession of eight island terranes moved eastward on the ancient Farallon plate and collided with the North American plate between 260 and about 130 million years ago. Each accretion left a terrane of rock of a single age. During the accretion, subduction of the plate metamorphosed the overlying rock and produced magma which intruded the overlying rock as plutons.

Beneath this silt lies a polygenetic puddingstone dating from the Upper Eocene Age, mixed with varicoloured clays and small pebbles of rolled silex, Jurassic cherts and quartz grains. The soils of this wine-growing terroir can be carbonate, overlying tuffeau stone on the higher slopes, or, more frequently, silicate and fairly heavy, overlying sands and clay gravels.Terroirs et vins de France. Itinéraires œnologiques et géologiques.

The stratigraphy at Swan Point is slightly different from the other sites in the Tanana River Valley; it is thinner because it is farther from the Tanana River. It consists of one meter of late Quaternary aeolian sediments overlying bedrock. The stratigraphic sequence is firmly dated spanning the last 11,700 cal years. Grayish aeolian sand overlies the bedrock and overlying that is a pebble layer.

The swamp lies in a depression on the Pinjarra Plain, part of the Swan Coastal Plain. The soils are friable, dark grey loams overlying clays. To the west of the swamp are low ridges formed by wind erosion of the swamp surface when dried out in summer. Salinity measurements indicate that the swamp is a lens of fresh water overlying a saline water table.

The park's geologic record preserves three different groups of rock and sediment. The oldest rocks are Early to Middle Proterozoic gneiss and schist, including the Ute Canyon Stock. Overlying these, and separated by an angular unconformity, are mostly horizontally bedded Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, including the cliff-forming Wingate Sandstone. Overlying these are various types of Quaternary unconsolidated deposits such as alluvium, colluvium, and dunes.

Ectodermal cells overlying the notochord develop into the neural plate in response to a diffusible signal produced by the notochord. The remainder of the ectoderm gives rise to the epidermis (skin). The ability of the mesoderm to convert the overlying ectoderm into neural tissue is called neural induction. The neural plate folds outwards during the third week of gestation to form the neural groove.

First, the colder, heavier water typically forms a layer near the bottom, which called the hypolimnion. Second, normally overlying it is a transition zone known as the metalimnion. Finally, overlying the metalimnion is a surface layer of a warmer, lighter water is called the epilimnion. However, this typical stratification sequence can vary widely depending either on the specific lake, the time of season, or combination of both.

A thrust fault is a type of reverse fault that has a dip of 45 degrees or less. If the angle of the fault plane is lower (often less than 15 degrees from the horizontal) and the displacement of the overlying block is large (often in the kilometer range) the fault is called an overthrust or overthrust fault. Erosion can remove part of the overlying block, creating a fenster (or window) – when the underlying block is exposed only in a relatively small area. When erosion removes most of the overlying block, leaving island-like remnants resting on the lower block, the remnants are called klippen (singular klippe).

It is bound in newly formed phyllosilicate minerals. All the nickel in the silicate zone is leached downwards (absolute nickel concentration) from the overlying goethite zone.

Because the Monterey plate was then beneath southern California, the capture resulted in pulling of the overlying crust out and northward from the rest of California.

Subsurface disposal typically uses pipes placed deep enough to minimize root penetration and often manages overlying vegetation to avoid growth of plants with deep root systems.

The current early Ordovician age estimation is based on a much more diverse and numerous—therefore more securely dated—assemblage of conodonts, again from overlying sediments.

Originally presumed to be Cambrian in age, the formation is now correlated with the Doushantuo formation, with an overlying formation also falling in the Ediacaran period.

Offshore both mass failure deposits and turbidites have been observed that are dated to later than 1954 from high caesium-137 levels in the overlying sediments.

The islands are of ironstone formation overlying quartzite and crystalline schists. Other islands are Bugaia, Lingira (pop. 1000), and Namiti. Rusinga and Mfangano are within Kenyan borders.

A time hiatus of an approximately 10 MA are inferred based on thermochronology and magnetostratigraphy between the Subathu and the overlying formation, but it is highly controversial.

Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.517-607 A megaraptoran similar to Aerosteon is known from the formation. The crocodylomorph Uberabasuchus was described from the overlying Marília Formation.

The ca. 200 m thick lower Cambrian Ardvreck Group consists of two formations, the basal Eriboll Formation and the overlying An-t-Sron Formation. The Eriboll Formation contains the Basal Quartzite member, with a basal conglomerate overlain by the heavily bioturbated Pipe Rock member with its distinctive skolithos trace fossils. The An-t-Sron Formation consists of calcareous siltstones of the Fucoid Beds and overlying sandstone of the Salterella Grit.

Bioturbation and bioirrigation in the sediment at the bottom of a coastal ecosystems Bioirrigation refers to the process of benthic organisms flushing their burrows with overlying water. The exchange of dissolved substances between the porewater and overlying seawater that results is an important process in the context of the biogeochemistry of the oceans. Coastal aquatic environments often have organisms that destabilize sediment. They change the physical state of the sediment.

This means that there is normally no communication between the Statfjord formation and the Brent Group reservoirs. The Statfjord formation consists of massive sandstones. The lower boundary is taken at the transition from red continental shales of the Lunde formation to the overlying sandstones. The top of the unit, which consists of calcareous sandstones, shows a relatively sharp transition to the dark shales and siltstones of the overlying Dunlin group.

17 The formation is the uppermost unit in the traditional Orthoceras Limestone of Sweden, overlying the Seby Limestone and the Folkesunda Limestone is overlain by the Furudal Limestone.

They are then covered and connected by an overlying medium, allowing well-to-well communication, while keeping the individual cell types separate. The IdMOC system is patented internationally.

For level ground conditions, the total vertical stress at a point, \sigma_v, on average, is the weight of everything above that point per unit area. The vertical stress beneath a uniform surface layer with density \rho, and thickness H is for example: :\sigma_v = \rho g H = \gamma H where g is the acceleration due to gravity, and \gamma is the unit weight of the overlying layer. If there are multiple layers of soil or water above the point of interest, the vertical stress may be calculated by summing the product of the unit weight and thickness of all of the overlying layers. Total stress increases with increasing depth in proportion to the density of the overlying soil.

The rate of cementation of the overlying substrate, relative to the rate of decomposition of the organism, determines whether the top or bottom surface of an organism is preserved. Most disc-shaped fossils decomposed before the overlying sediment was cemented, and the ash or sand slumped in to fill the void, leaving a cast of the underside of the organism. Conversely, quilted fossils tend to decompose after the cementation of the overlying sediment; hence their upper surfaces are preserved. Their more resistant nature is reflected in the fact that in rare occasions, quilted fossils are found within storm beds, the high-energy sedimentation not having destroyed them as it would have the less-resistant discs.

The rate of cementation of the overlying substrate relative to the rate of decomposition of the organism determines whether the top or bottom surface of an organism is preserved. Most disc-shaped fossils decomposed before the overlying sediment was cemented, whereupon ash or sand slumped in to fill the void, leaving a cast of the organism's underside. Conversely, quilted fossils tended to decompose after the cementation of the overlying sediment; hence their upper surfaces are preserved. Their more resistant nature is reflected in the fact that, in rare occasions, quilted fossils are found within storm beds as the high-energy sedimentation did not destroy them as it would have the less-resistant discs.

The Dauhugou locality lies in the Ningchen Basin in the SE corner of Inner Mongolia. Dauhugou village has fossil-bearing lacustrine (laid down in lakes) strata overlying precambrian basement.

The overlying Alston Formation extends south from the Scottish border along the coastal strip before turning inland through Alnwick towards Greenhead. It plays host to the intrusive Whin Sill.

Both of these anticlinal traps produce from Tertiary sandstones within the Churro and Chuspas Groups. The third trap is stratigraphical with the La Luna limestone sealed by overlying shales.

The volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit is located at the border of the Ordovician to the Llandovery epoch the ore is covered by an overlying layer of volcanic rhyolites.

The seas became trapped in low-lying areas and then evaporated, leaving salt beds up to thick in some places. Sand, silt and clay subsequently accumulated on top of the salt deposits over millions of years. The uneven weight and pressure of these overlying sediments squeezed the salt into an anticline (a domed ridge). Overlying horizontal rock layers bulged upward and cracked vertically allowing rainwater to trickle down and dissolve the salt away.

Detrital zircons from the Hopi Springs Shale in the northern Mazatzal Mountains yielded a maximum depositional age (MDA) of 1571 Mya. Similar sediments collected from a shale folded in the core of the Four Peaks synform yielded a MDA of 1580 Mya. In the Upper Salt River Canyon, overlying the White Ledge Formation (a correlative to the Mazatzal Group), sediments from the conformably overlying Yankee Joe and Blackjack Formations yielded MDA of ca. 1470 Mya.

The age of the lava flows ranges from heavily glaciated andesite flows overlying less-eroded ones to possibly postglacial lava flows that may be tens of thousands of years old.

South of Wetherby there is only a thin layer of glacial deposits overlying the limestone. The soils here are from the limestone and clay deposits and are generally very fertile.

The Elephant Canyon Formation is the basal Permian geologic formation of the Cutler Group overlying an unconformity on the Pennsylvanian Honaker Trail Formation in the Paradox Basin of southern Utah.

The Tawilah Group is an example of Cretaceous sandy conglomerate protected from subsequent erosion by the overlying Trap Series. Shallow basins continued to fill with sand as formations became tilted.

It is locally common throughout continental Europe, and ranges from Portugal to Western Siberia. it nests in short, lowland grass and heather or maritime heath overlying loose or sandy soils.

The salt's inherent buoyancy forces the uplift of the overlying Permian red sandstone. Nearby salt domes are believed to be sources of fossil fuels. Rock salt is mined on the Islands.

The glands are located just beneath the overlying epithelium and often produce a local elevation of the epithelium. Individual sebaceous cells are large, with central dark nuclei and abundant foamy cytoplasm.

The Wapta member has been redefined into the Raymond Quarry member, Emerald Lake member, Odaray member, Paradox member and Marpole member. The thin Stephen grades conformably into the overlying Eldon formation.

At the eastern limits there is some calcareous soil overlying Eocene limestone. The region has a low, gently undulating topography, with somewhat occluded drainage, resulting in a series of playa lakes.

As fills slump the overlying layers which seal the feature will slump in sympathy creating false impressions of fills below the lip of the cut and introduce the possibility of contaminated dating evidence into the features excavation. (See archaeological section in fig 1). also the degree of slumping of the primary fills compared to the slumping of overlying sealing layers is a possible measure of time differences between the formation of the fills the overlying sequence. This is because sealing layers laid down over a slumping feature with the intent of leveling the area for a specific purpose such as construction will either conform to the slumped fills as though the slump has occurred at the time of the sealing layers formation.

Schematic representation of an IdMOC plate The IdMOC plate consists of multiple inner wells within a large interconnecting chamber. Multiple cell types are first individually seeded in the inner wells and, when required, are flooded with an overlying medium to facilitate well-to-well communication. Test material can be added to the overlying medium and both media and cells can be analyzed individually. Plating of hepatocytes with other organ-specific cells allows evaluation of drug metabolism and organotoxicity.

The Islay Subgroup is the oldest/lowermost division of the group and includes the Kymah Quartzite, Auchnahyle, Ladder Hills and Nochty Semipelite and Limestone formations. Overlying this is the Easdale Subgroup which includes the Badenyon Schist and Limestone, Reppachie Semipelitic Schist, Glenbuchat Graphitic Schist, Lynavoir Semipelite and Culchavie Striped formations. Within the overlying Crinan Subgroup is the Queens Hill Gneiss Formation (or Queen’s Hill Formation). The youngest part of the Argyll Group is the Tayvallich Subgroup.

The expression "load cast", sometimes also called a load structure, refers to a load (the denser layer) sinking into its underlying (less dense) cast (mold). Related to load casts are flame structures, load waves, and anticrests. Extreme developments of load casts are pseudo-nodules and ball-and-pillow structures. In these extreme cases, the hanging lobe becomes almost or completely detached from the overlying bed, resulting in apparently isolated masses of the overlying material floating in the lower bed.

Simply speaking, the peninsula consists of three major members: the Salinian Cretaceous crystalline basement, the overlying Pliocene sedimentary rocks, and the late Pleistocene marine terrace deposits of the southern peninsula.Woodley, S. R. and K. Grove, 2010, INTERPRETING PLEISTOCENE MARINE TERRACE DEPOSITS OVERLYING THE 82 Ka WAVE-CUT PLATFORM, POINT REYES PENINSULA, MARIN COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, San Francisco State Univ, Paper No. 18-26, Cordilleran Section – 106th Annual Meeting, and Pacific Section, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 27–29 May 2010.

Local trauma or abscess formation can adversely affect the ameloblasts overlying a developing crown, resulting in enamel hypocalcification or hypoplasia. Affected teeth may have areas of coronal discoloration, or they may have actual pits and irregularities. This is most commonly seen in permanent teeth in which the overlying deciduous tooth becomes abscessed or is physically forced into the enamel organ of the permanent tooth. The resulting hypoplastic or hypocalcified permanent tooth is sometimes known as Turner's tooth.

Cryotips were used in male rats to cool the caudate putamen (CP) to study consumption behaviors. The shaft of the cryotips were not insulated, so overlying tissue including meninges and cortex overlying the CP were also cooled. All three regions were subsequently cooled in combinations and separately to determine which areas contribute to consumption reduction. Cooling the cortex alone created a conditioned consumption reduction; consumption reduction was contingent on pairing a sucrose solution (to be consumed) with cortical cooling.

Located along the Cascadia accretionary marginPhilip, B., Denny, A., Solomon, E., & Kelley, D. (2016). Time‐series measurements of bubble plume variability and water column methane distribution above Southern Hydrate Ridge, Oregon. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems,17(3), 1182-1196., sediment build-up in this region is driven by two subduction-related processes: #Scraping of sediments off of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate onto the overlying North American plate, and #Underplating of subducted sediments onto the overlying plate.

A unilateral decrease in visual acuity is the most common symptom of toxoplasmic retinitis. Under ophthalmic examination, toxoplasmic chorioretinitis classically appears as a focal, white retinitis with overlying moderate inflammation of the vitreous humour. A unifocal area of acute-onset inflammation adjacent to an old chorioretinal scar is virtually pathognomonic for toxoplasmic chorioretinitis. Focal condensation of vitreous and inflammatory cells may be seen overlying the pale yellow or gray-white raised lesion in the posterior pole.

The geology time range of Huangling Complex is from the Archean to Mesozoic Cretaceous. The overlying rocks are sedimentary rock from the Neoproterozoic to Cretaceous. Here three lithological units will be introduced.

Fountain Formation unconformably overlying Precambrian rocks at the parking lot of Red Rocks Park The Fountain unconformably overlies Precambrian granite and gneiss. Outcrops of the formation typically dip steeply to the east.

Maheľ, M., 1982 (Editor), Vysvetlivky ku geologickej mape Strážovských vrchov. 1 : 50 000. Geologický ústav Dionýza Štúra, Bratislava, 89 s. Two largescale nappe units are overlying the basement and its sedimentary cover.

Grande-Terre and Marie- Galante have basements probably composed of volcanic units of Eocene to Oligocene, but there are no visible outcrops. On Grande-Terre, the overlying carbonate platform is 120 metres thick.

Serrated lesions range in size from small (<5 mm) to large, and often have a "mucous cap" overlying the polyp. Serrated lesions are frequently located on the folds of the colon (haustral folds).

Just below the surface, the magma cooled and formed the granite typical of the range. In the process extreme heat and pressure deformed the immediate overlying sedimentary rocks into numerous and striking shapes.

Caprock or cap rock is a harder or more resistant rock type overlying a weaker or less resistant rock type.Kearey, Philip (2001). Dictionary of Geology, 2nd ed., Penguin Reference, London, New York, etc.

The rocks are submarine, and were deposited in a nearshore to offshore location on the continental shelf, with no freshwater influence evident—although overlying units bear evidence of deltaic and braided river deposits.

The tibial facet is divided into two basins by a low convexity, although this flexion is somewhat indistinct compared to that of suchians and avemetatarsalians. The calcaneal facet comes in the form of a flat surface overlying a convex 'peg', a feature characteristic of crurotarsal joints. The peg is poorly developed, more similar to that of phytosaurs rather than other suchians. The front edge of the astragalus has a large concave surface (astragalar hollow) overlying a small convexity (astragalar ball).

The drab-colored lower portion of the Cedar Mountain Formation, overlying the brighter Morrison Formation. The formation occurs between the underlying Morrison Formation and overlying Naturita Formation (sometimes formerly called the Dakota Formation). It is composed of non-marine sediments, that is, sediments deposited in rivers, lakes and on flood plains. Based on various fossils and radiometric dates, the Cedar Mountain Formation was deposited during the last half of the Early Cretaceous Epoch, about 127 - 98 million years ago (mya).

This required that plumes were sourced from beneath the shallow asthenosphere that is thought to be flowing rapidly in response to motion of the overlying tectonic plates. There is no other known major thermal boundary layer in the deep Earth, and so the core-mantle boundary was the only candidate. The base of the mantle is known as the D″ layer, a seismological subdivision of the Earth. It appears to be compositionally distinct from the overlying mantle, and may contain partial melt.

This will bend the crust forming an anticline, which can take up to ten thousand years. As a river flows through the area, it erodes away large amounts of the overlying rock, which causes a decrease in the lithosphere's mass, leading to an isostatic response. With no overlying rock, the underlying material rebounds up, like removing a weight from a raft. As the river progresses the erosion continues and therefore the rebounding continues, which will form a low wide antiformal structure.

When an underground salt diapir rises and extrudes at the surface, it pushes up the overlaying rock and results in an uplift movement of the salt glacier together with the overlying rock. Uplift movements in the rate of mm/yr are observed in various locations such as Mount Sedom in Israel and the salt glaciers in Iran. Salt diapirs that are exposed at the surface rise faster than the diapirs that remain in the subsurface, as the strength of overlying sediments is decreased.

In the Triassic Basin, pressure to convert organic plant material into coal came from just the weight of overlying sediments, without tectonics. That is why the local coal is bituminous, rather than semi- anthracite.

Typical Puget Sound profiles of dense glacial till overlying permeable glacial outwash of gravels above an impermeable bed of silty clay may become unstable after periods of unusually wet weather and slump in landslides.

They are dark-gray and ragged in appearance. Fractonimbus exist only under precipitation clouds (such as nimbostratus, altostratus or cumulonimbus), and don't produce precipitation themselves. Fractonimbus may eventually merge completely with overlying nimbostratus clouds.

The forewings are pale grayish white, with overlying darker scales. The basal and median areas of the hindwings are pale, but darker toward the margin. Adults are on wing from late July to mid August.

This species occurs in the western Little Karoo, the western Great Karoo and into the Northern Cape Province. It usually grows on lower slopes on silt or sand that is often calciferous (often overlying calcrete).

Load casts are secondary structures that are preserved as bulbous depressions on the base of a bed. They form as dense, overlying sediment (usually sand) settles into less dense, water-saturated sediment (usually mud) below.

The Khatyspyt Formation is a Neoproterozoic formation exposed in the Olenëk Uplift of north central Siberia, which contains the only known instance of the Ediacara biota preserved in a limestone bed. The Khatyspyt Formation forms one of the major parts of the Khorbusuonka Group; underlying the Khatyspyt are dolomites of the Mastakh Formation and their overlying red beds; the Turkut Formation overlies the Khatyspyt. The Khatyspyt and part of the overlying Turkut comprise a major shallowing upward marine carbonate sequence. Khatyspytia is named after this formation.

When first identified, the age of the crater could only be roughly constrained between the age of the impacted rocks (the target) and the age of overlying sediments. The target rocks date from the Cenomanian (98.9 to 93.5 million years ago) and Turonian (93.5 to 89 million years ago) epochs. Bore samples of sediments overlying the crater contain fossils dating from the Paleocene epoch, 66 to 54.8 million years ago. The age of the crater was thus constrained to between 54 and 98 million years.

The Los Pinos Formation is a geologic formation in northern New Mexico. It was deposited from the late Oligocene through the late Miocene epochs, based on radiometric ages of interbedded flows and overlying and underlying formations.

While some workers (e.g., Lyatsky and Haggart, 1993; Lyatsky, 2006) regard the Mesozoic horizons to be the primary oil-exploration targets, others (e.g., Dietrich, 1995; Hannigan et al., 2001) focus more on the overlying Cenozoic rocks.

This is in contrast to root resection, where an entire root is removed, and hemisection, where a root together with its overlying portion of the crown are separated the rest of the tooth and optionally removed.

Magnetite is an oxide of iron which is heavier than the surrounding particles of sand. When overlying sand is removed by wind, magnetite deposits stay in place and are visible as dark patches in the dunefield.

Next comes the Middle Carboniferous Bashkirian Stage limestones, and then the Lower Permian Artinksian Stage argillaceous sediments. The carbonate buildup is up to 4 km thick and form an angular unconformity to the overlying Permian sediments.

When the overlying soil was removed by external medium such as wind and rain, the corestone piled up and formed this vase-looking tor. Honeycomb weathering has also been taking place on Fa Peng Rock ongoingly.

Enlarged nodes are called buboes. Buboes are commonly painful. Nodes commonly become inflamed, thinning and fixation of the overlying skin. These changes may progress to necrosis, fluctuant and suppurative lymph nodes, abscesses, fistulas, strictures, and sinus tracts.

More marked cases are characterized by a foul odor and necrotic infected tissue. Crepitus has been reported. It begins as a subcutaneous infection. However, necrotic patches soon appear in the overlying skin, which later develop into necrosis.

Ensom (p.61) The overlying Gault is revealed in the spring lines around the chalk ridges and escarpments. This water is also responsible for the many landslips throughout Dorset's history from the prehistoric to modern times.Ensom (p.

The fine-grained, grey to cream coloured dolomitic marbles develop the mineral chondrodite. In some layers also clinochlore and phlogopite appear. Intercalated between the dolomitic marbles and the overlying calcareous marbles are layers of quartzite and greywackes.

Overlying themes in her work include feminism, linguistics and the impact of proper language, and peaceful coexistence with nature. Many of her works also draw from her Ozark background and heritage.Elgin blog, ozarque.livejournal.com; accessed April 26, 2015.

The Dox Formation locally interfingers with, and is baked by, basalt lava flows of the overlying Cardenas Basalt. Within the central Grand Canyon, pre-Tapeats Sandstone erosion has removed parts of the Unkar Group above the level of the middle part of the Dox Formation. The missing part of the Dox Formation and overlying Cardenas Basalt and Chuar Group can be found in a prominent syncline and fault block in the eastern Grand Canyon. The Dox Formation accumulated in a variety of marine, coastal, estuarine, and fluvial environments.

The hill has a split personality with its northern slopes dominated by the succession of Carboniferous Limestone rocks and its southern slopes by the Twrch Sandstone (formerly known as the 'Basal Grit') of the overlying Marros Group, but also dating from the Carboniferous period. In common with the regional trend the rock strata dip moderately to the south though locally the beds overlying the limestone have foundered as this soluble rock has dissolved away over millennia. There is an extensive area of shakeholes across the entire hill. Carn Fadog is similar in character.

The species has a slit similar to a blowhole on the top of the head, which acts as a nostril. The dense pigmentation in the skin overlying the eye prevents light from reaching the retina from any entrance except for a pinhole sphincter-like structure. This structure is controlled by a cone-shaped muscle layer that extends from the posterior eye orbit to the overlying eye skin layer. The sphincter-like structure is capable of sensing light and may be able to sense the direction from where the light was emitted.

A thick lateral layer between the metasedimentary Gunflint Iron Formation and overlying Rove Formation, and between the Biwabik Iron Formation and overlying Virginia Formation has evidence that the layer contains hypervelocity impact ejecta. Radiometric dating reveals that this layer was deposited between 1,878 and 1,836 million years ago. The Sudbury Impact event - which occurred to the east 1,850 ± 1 million years ago - is the likely ejecta source, making these the oldest ejecta linked to a specific impact. Additional evidence indicates a diameter meteorite collided with earth in the current-day vicinity of Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.

Ancient mudcracks preserved on the base of a bed of sandstone Mudcracks can be preserved as v-shaped cracks on the top of a bed of muddy sediment or as casts on the base of the overlying bed. When they are preserved on the top of a bed, the cracks look as they did at the time of formation. When they are preserved on the bottom of the bedrock, the cracks are filled in with younger, overlying sediment. In most bottom-of-bed examples, the cracks are the part that sticks out most.

Isis Temple-Cheops Pyramid region (Utah Flats), with Shinumo Quartzite cliffs above orange-red Hakatai Shale, upon Bass Formation. In the eastern part of the Grand Canyon, the contact between the Bass Formation and the overlying Hatakai Shale is typically gradational over an interval of a meter or so. For example, in Red Canyon, the contact consists of an interval in which stromatolitic limestone of the Bass Formation is intimately interbedded with coarse clastic sedimentary rock of the overlying Hakatai Shale. In the eastern part of the Grand Canyon, the contact is sharp, but conformable.

23, The Geological Society, p.22. . the Chillesford Church Member (a basal deposit of marine sand, formerly the Chillesford Sand Member); the Chillesford Member (micaceous, silty clays overlying the Church Member, formerly the Chillesford Clay Member); the Creeting Member (micaceous, inter- tidal sands); the College Farm Member (silty clay of mud flats associated with the Creeting Member); the Easton Bavents Member (clay with sand laminae); the Westleton Member (flint-rich gravels overlying the Easton Bavents Member). The type site of the Formation is at Bramerton Pits SSSI, near Norwich.Reid, C (1890).

This process becomes dominant at a temperature of about 17 million K, which is slightly higher than the core temperature of the Sun, but is less efficient than the Sun's proton-proton chain reaction fusion reaction. The CNO cycle is highly temperature sensitive, which results in a convection zone about the core that evenly distributes the 'ash' from the fusion reaction within the core region. The overlying atmosphere is in radiative equilibrium. This is in contrast to the Sun, which has a radiation zone centered on the core with an overlying convection zone.

Taforalt's stratigraphy in Sector 8. The yellow series appears grey because some of the overlying grey sediment has trickled onto it. The stratigraphy in Grotte des Pigeons, going as deep as as in the case of Roche’s excavations, differs slightly throughout the cave but follows a simple pattern based on their colour: the Grey Series overlies the Yellow Series. The Yellow series goes from the beginning of the occupation of the cave about 85,000 years ago to c. 15,000 cal BP. The overlying Grey Series dates from c.

It was argued that these redbeds belonged neither to the underlying Unkar Group nor overlying Chuar Group. Maxson in his geological mapping reduced the Nankoweap Group to formational rank because the Nankoweap had not been subdivided into formations.

In as many as twenty branches, the bundled axons cross the cribriform plate and enter the overlying olfactory bulb ending as glomeruli. Each branch is enclosed by an outer dura mater that becomes continuous with the nasal periosteum.

In areas of deeper bedrock with soft overlying soils, deep foundations are used to support structures directly on the bedrock; in areas where bedrock is not economically available, stiff "bearing layers" are used to support deep foundations instead.

Osburn et al. 2002 The formation crops out in a limited area of the southwestern Jemez Mountains. Maximum thickness is . The formation rests unconformably on the Abo Formation and has a gradational contact with the overlying Abiquiu Formation.

Related terms include aquitard, which is a bed of low permeability along an aquifer, and aquiclude (or aquifuge), which is a solid, impermeable area underlying or overlying an aquifer, the pressure of which could create a confined aquifer.

While the underlying Crato and overlying Romualdo Formations are particularly rich in fossils, comprising flora, fish, arthropods, insects, snakes, turtles, dinosaurs and pterosaurs,Aparecida et al., 2015, p.25Jorge de Lima et al., 2015, p.102Weishampel et al.

These geological observations indicate that the trachyte is an intrusive body, being the oldest body of the felsic alkaline magmatism of this area, and is clearly different from the lava flows overlying the eroded surface of the syenite.

The dura is sewn closed. The skull is reconstructed and the overlying tissues are closed in multiple layers. The patient is allowed to wake up and is taken to an intensive care unit or other close observation unit.

Rocks of the Cuddapah Supergroup, and the overlying Kurnool Group, comprise the stratigraphic sequence of the basin. This feature is contiguous all along the defined Archaean-Cuddapah contact zone even though its age may vary along its traced path.

Mining the deposits would be costly due to 26 to 50 meters over overlying sediments. The government of Guinea-Bissau experimented with applying ground phosphates extracted from the deposit on grain and groundnut fields, but never reported the results.

The whole surface is further roughened by microscopic flexuous wrinklings. The color of the shell is yellowish white on the thin calcareous layer overlying the nacre. The high spire is a little scalar. The apex is small and sharp.

Leonardi, 1994, p.19 The formation represents the oldest sedimentary unit in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in the Talampaya National Park of La Rioja Province, overlying Paleozoic basement, formed by the Tuminico Formation.Aceituno Cieri et al., 2015, p.

This explains the larger than unity value of the Priestley-Taylor parameter \alpha. The proper equilibrium of the system has been derived and involves the characteristics of the interface of the atmospheric boundary layer and the overlying free atmosphere.

It is widespread throughout Newfoundland unlike its underlying units. It was deposited in intertidal mud flats to subtidal setting, then (later) near the bottom of an open marine shelf. The top of the unit intergrades with the overlying strata.

In the 'Ulster Cretaceous Province' of Northern Ireland the clastic-dominated Hibernian Greensands Group and the overlying Ulster White Limestone Group are the stratigraphical equivalents of the Chalk Group of England. They are best exposed near the Antrim coast.

Beds of Ostrea and Corbicula shells are common in the basal, brackish water portion of the formation. The overlying freshwater beds include shells of freshwater and terrestrial molluscs. Shells of unionid freshwater mussels are common in the fluvial sandstones.

This volcanic centre formed in a subglacial to englacial environment between 130,000 and 90,000 years ago, as shown by the existence of distinctive, radial columnar joint patterns, a glassy to fine- grained matrix and stratigraphic relationships to overlying glacial till.

Coe 1967, 1988, p.85. Tikal Group 4D-2 possessed two monuments that were suggestive of a badly damaged twin-pyramid group. Tikal Group 5E-Sub.1 was discovered during excavations of an overlying ballcourt in 1965 by Christopher Jones.

These lesions present as slow growing painless masses usually in the ankle, foot, wrist or hand. There is normally no overlying skin change. Plain film X ray may show nothing or slight bone erosion. On MRI these lesions vary considerably.

"Preliminary reference Earth model." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 25(4): 297-356. This thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy by thermal expansion. Deeper hotter and often have higher thermal expansion and lower density relative to overlying rocks.

It consists of concentric circles of cusped mouldings. At the apex, the ceiling falls rosette or pendant design. The overlying roof is a stepped pyramid shape. Nearby is the ramal, an octagonal piece of stone in a corbelled lotus shape.

2009, pp.5-6 Maximum thickness is . The formation rests unconformably on the El Rito Formation and has a gradational contact with the overlying Abiquiu Formation. The transition zone is characterized by chert beds assigned informally to the Pedernal chert.

It was affected by anthropogenic factor, which has changed a tentative vegetative overlying strata. The groves of Siverse apple-tree and wild apricot are remained. On southern slopes rosaries are widely spread. In general the territory is a young mountain land.

This gradual, yet constant, penetration created caverns which became larger with the passing of time thus producing a hollow that was eventually unable to support the overlying top layer, which eventually collapsed and created the doline that can be seen today.

When the oceanic plate detaches from the overlying crust, intense decompressional melting of mantle is induced. Large amount of hot basaltic magma intrude and melt the crust which generate rhyolitic melt. It results in alternating eruption of basaltic and rhyolitic lava.

Gabon is situated at the northwestern margin of the Congo Craton—a region of stable, ancient crust—and preserves very ancient rock units across 75% of the country, with overlying sedimentary units from the Cretaceous and other more recent periods.

Other non- surgical endodonic procedures include pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexification, and pulpal regeneration. Hemisection, where a root and its overlying portion of the crown are separated from the rest of the tooth and optionally removed, is another (non-periradicular) endodontic surgery.

The optic disc or optic nerve head is the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye. Because there are no rods or cones overlying the optic disc, it corresponds to a small blind spot in each eye.

The mining region that contains the Sarabau Mine is part of the Sumatra Orogen. The region consists of a system of faults and joints through which hydrothermal fluids responsible for the mineralization of sarabauite rise into the overlying carbonate rock.

The silver is located in three main vein systems associated with reverse faults. These vein systems are known as Wood's, No. 16 and No. 28. Most of the silver production occurs in the 300 feet of metavolcanics overlying the Nipissing sills.

Symptoms include pain at the forehead or ear, pus draining from the ear or sinuses, tenderness overlying the infectious site, fever, neck stiffness, and in rare cases focal seizures. Treatment requires a combination of antibiotics and surgical removal of infected bone.

At low magnification, this may appear as a convoluted electron dense structure overlying the location of the obscured Z-line. At high magnification, the intercalated disc's path appears even more convoluted, with both longitudinal and transverse areas appearing in longitudinal section.

Fault propagation folds or tip-line folds are caused when displacement occurs on an existing fault without further propagation. In both reverse and normal faults this leads to folding of the overlying sequence, often in the form of a monocline.

The area has a layer of Ordovician limestone, approximately thick covering an area , and other sedimentary rocks.Lloyd, p.50 The town is surrounded by a plain underlain by this limestone which crops up through the overlying sediments.Parks and Wildlife Service, p.

These procedures remove most of the overlying material to expose the deposits of oil shale, and become practical when the deposits occur near the surface. Underground mining of oil shale, which removes less of the overlying material, employs the room-and-pillar method. The extraction of the useful components of oil shale usually takes place above ground (ex-situ processing), although several newer technologies perform this underground (on-site or in-situ processing). In either case, the chemical process of pyrolysis converts the kerogen in the oil shale to shale oil (synthetic crude oil) and oil shale gas.

The overlying Paleozoic quartzite and limestones rock lies on an unconformity with a total thickness ranging from , and contains of Mississippian Escabrosa Limestone and the Naco Formation limestone of Pennsylvanian age in the upper formations. Overlying the Naco Limestone is an unconformable Mesozoic series of conglomerate, thick-bedded quartzites, and shales, with two or three lenses of soft, bluish-gray limestone. Into these formations intrude intruded great bodies of quartz monzonite and by dikes of quartz monzonite-porphyry and diorite-porphyry. Structural faulting occurs throughout the district especially immediately south of Tombstone, where the strata are closely folded.

With a width of and a length of over , the Muskox intrusion is overlain by a sequence of Coppermine flood basalts that remains thick. The Muskox intrusion can be separated into three sections, including an olivine gabbro feeder dike to the intrusion, another contact margin zone, and an upper layered series. Because of different levels of erosion and outcroppings of the Muskox intrusion at higher structural levels, north of the Coppermine River the overlying margin zone and layered series covers the feeder dike section. The layering series dips gently north as do the overlying Coppermine flood basalts.

The hills are formed from early Carboniferous sedimentary rocks overlying Devonian sandstones and intruded by sills and volcanic plugs during late Carboniferous and Permian times. The lower ground to the north and west is formed from late Devonian rocks of the Glenvale Sandstone Formation traditionally ascribed to the Old Red Sandstone. Overlying this and forming the lower slopes of the scarp are the early Carboniferous sandstones of the Knox Pulpit and the Kinnesswood formations. Next in succession are the Pathhead Formation rocks which include cycles of sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, ironstones and limestone, formerly referred to as the Calciferous Sandstone Measures.

The geology of the White Peak has its origins in the Carboniferous Period, when the area was under a shallow sea that was fringed by reefs, leading to thick deposits of shelly calcareous material. Over millions of years the area rose up and subsided several times, leading to muddy, sandy and peaty deposits overlying the calcareous shells. Compression turned the deposits into rock - the shells became limestone, and the overlying deposits became gritstone, shales and coal. Further uplifting and folding raised the area into an anticline (the Derbyshire Dome), then subsequent erosion removed the younger deposits to expose the limestone.

Three types of geological plate tectonic boundaries The geology of an area evolves through time as rock units are deposited and inserted and deformational processes change their shapes and locations. Rock units are first emplaced either by deposition onto the surface or intrude into the overlying rock. Deposition can occur when sediments settle onto the surface of the Earth and later lithify into sedimentary rock, or when as volcanic material such as volcanic ash or lava flows, blanket the surface. Igneous intrusions such as batholiths, laccoliths, dikes, and sills, push upwards into the overlying rock, and crystallize as they intrude.

The Carboniferous strata consists of numerous recognised formations which are assembled into an underlying (older) Tyrone Group and an overlying (therefore younger) Leitrim Group. The Marble Arch Caves are developed in the Asbian-age Glencar Limestone Formation and the Knockmore Limestone Member of the overlying Dartry Limestone Formation. Cuilcagh Mountain and the hills to its northwest are largely made up of rocks of the Asbian/Brigantian age Glenade Sandstone Formation, the Brigantian/Pendleian-age Dergvone and Carraun Shale Formations, the Pendleian- age Briscloonagh Sandstone Formation and the Arnsbergian-age Bencroy Shale, Lackagh Sandstone and Gowlaun Shale Formations.

The thrust block partly overrides a tilted rim graben that has down-dropped about and moved toward the crater. Overlying this graben is a layer of breccia which is apparently the remains of an ejecta blanket that once surrounded the crater. Post-crater erosion removed the ejecta, except for that overlying the graben, and lowered the regional ground surface less than 30 m. Within a few million years of the cratering event the entire structure was covered with shale deposits from the early Late Devonian Chattanooga Sea, creating one of the best-preserved ancient impact structures presently known.

Unconformably overlying the Hangman Sandstone in the Porlock Basin is the Luccombe Breccia Formation, a presumed Permian age deposit consisting of calcareous breccia, sandstone and conglomerate which may be up to 650m thick. A further presumed unconformity separates the breccia from the mudstones of the overlying Mercia Mudstone Group which underlie the larger part of the low ground between Exmoor and North Hill. At the top of the group is a 25m thickness of mudstones with gypsum referred to as the Blue Anchor Formation. Above this are around 12m thickness of mudstones and limestone assigned to the Penarth Group.

Hence the water may move up the terrain underlying the glacier if it moves toward areas of lower overlying ice.A waterbed analogy can be applied here – the water moves under the pressure of the overlying ice, just as it does when a mass is placed on a water bed. As water collects, additional ice is lifted until a release path is created. If no preexisting channel is present, the water is initially released in a broad-front jökulhlaup which can have a flow front that is tens of kilometers wide, spreading out in a thin front.

Airports without operational control towers are uncontrolled airfields. Pilots in these areas are responsible for position and separation and may use a specified Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) or UNICOM for that airport, although no-radio flight is also permitted. Class G airspace is uncontrolled airspace which extends from the surface to either 700 or 1,200 ft. AGL depending on the floor of the overlying Class E, or to the floor of Class A where there is no overlying Class E. In the vicinity of an uncontrolled airport, the CTAF for that airport is used for radio communication among pilots.

Hence the water may move up the terrain underlying the glacier if it moves toward areas of lower overlying ice.A waterbed analogy can be applied here—the water moves under the pressure of the overlying ice, just as it does when a mass is placed on a water bed. As water collects, additional ice is lifted until a release path is created.Wingham2006 If no preexisting channel is present, the water is initially released in a broad-front jökulhlaup which can have a flow front that is tens of kilometres wide, spreading out in a thin front.

The formation is a clastic wedgeCobban and Hook 1989 directed to the northeast into the Mancos Shale. This divides the Mancos Shale into the underlying Rio Salado Tongue and the overlying Pescado or D-Cross Tongue. The base of the wedge is approximately along a line from the Arizona-New Mexico border southwest of Gallup, New Mexico to east of Cookes Range, where the overlying Pescado or D-Cross Tongue of the Mancos Shale pinches out. The wedge itself pinches out along an arc that passes south of Gallup and just north of Acoma Pueblo and west of Capitan.

Lancaster et al., 1993; Henk et al., 2000 Average porosity in the productive portions is about 6% and matrix permeability is measured in nanodarcies.Lancaster et al., 1993 Three assessment units have been proposed for the Barnett Shale continuous accumulations, each with different geologic and production characteristics: # a NE-F gas "sweet spot" where the Barnett is siliceous, thick, within the gas generation window, slightly overpressured, and enclosed by dense, tight overlying Forestburg Limestone and underlying Viola Limestone and Simpson Group as frac barriers; # an outlying area where the Barnett is within the gas-generation window but the subcrop is the porous Ellenburger and the overlying Marble Falls Limestone barrier may be absent; and # an area of lesser potential where overlying and underlying barriers may be absent and production includes oil and gas from fractured Barnett Shale. The siliceous nature of the Barnett Shale, and its relation to fracture enhancement in NE-F, was noted by Lancaster. Lancaster et al.

21, p. 698-714. It contains a variety of plant fossils including remains of ferns, cycads, cycadeoids, Ginkgos and extinct conifers, but remains of flowering plants do not appear until the overlying Ma Butte Formation.Bell, W.A. 1949. Lower Cretaceous floras of western Canada.

In the southern basin, crustal thickening caused high-grade metamorphism of the sedimentary fill by 1830 million years ago. A series of post-orogenic plutons intruded into the overlying rocks 1830 million years ago,; these plutons mark the end of the Penokean orogeny.

The magma stalled, likely in the form of a dike, and has been cooling since. The shallow magma heated the overlying hydrothermal system, which caused the observed increases in heat and gas emissions as well as providing energy for the steam explosions.

New information on the skull of the enigmatic theropod Spinosaurus, with remarks on its size and affinities. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (4), 888–896. Two other formations comprise the Kem Kem beds: the underlying Ifezouane Formation and the overlying Akrabou Formation.

Over time, sheets of rock break away from the exposed rocks along the fractures, a process known as exfoliation. Exfoliation due to pressure release is also known as "sheeting". Retreat of an overlying glacier can also lead to exfoliation due to pressure release.

Sinus pericranii typically present as soft palpable masses along midline skull, which may fluctuate in size depending on body positioning. Classically, these lesions are not associated with color change of the overlying skin, such as with other vascular lesions such as hemangioma.

Soil with broken rock fragments overlying bedrock, Sandside Bay, Caithness Soil profile with bedrock labeled R Bedrock in geology is the lithified rock that lies under loose softer material called regolith within the surface of the Earth's crust or other terrestrial planets.

Like the other Morros, Bishop Peak is primarily composed of dacite. About 20 to 25 million years ago, magma welled up underneath a layer of softer rock and solidified. The softer overlying rock has since eroded away, leaving a distinct rugged shape.

There are also plant fossils and numerous animal tracks. The Witteberg Group is truncated by the overlying Dwyka sediments of glacial origin. The latter forms part of the Karoo Supergroup. Therefore, the Witteberg Group forms the uppermost layer of the Cape Supergroup.

Since people have always had to obtain permission from the traditional owners or the appropriate Land Council to go on to Aboriginal land, the Court made it clear that such permission is also required to go on to water overlying that land.

Its diameter is about 50 meters, with an approximately circular floor plan. The surrounding rock, locally called fta, consists of volcanic breccia and pumice. It is protected from erosion by the overlying limestone, an uplifted coral reef. Cave Painting Cave in Rock.

The Linda Vista Formation, for example, is a reddish colored sandy marine terrace which is exposed throughout much of the Clairemont Area region of San Diego, and can be seen from Interstate 5 overlying the yellowish colored Torrey Sandstone in Del Mar Heights.

Advanced perineal hernia on the left side in a dog. The overlying skin is already blueish. In dogs, perineal hernia usually is found on the right side. Most cases are in older intact (not neutered) male dogs (93 percent in one study).

Head and body length 9–11 cm. Tail 6–7 cm. Reddish gray above, with gray flat spines (each with 11mm in length) and the reddish hue from the intermixed fine fur. The underparts are pure white with many long black hairs overlying.

It is endemic to an area in the Kimberley region of Western Australia where it is found on seasonally inundated flats with shallow skeletal alluvium overlying sandstone and dissected by outcropping sandstone ridges or in sandy soil around quartzite rocks alongside watercourses.

Radially outwards, radially inwards and overlying also tangentially. Excellent surface structure of the closing head: With the Radial riveting process, the tool itself does not rotate. The friction between tool and work-piece is thus at a minimum. The result is an excellent surface structure.

Generally, there is less overlying skin available for effecting the transfer. Asymmetrical hips after unilateral breast reconstruction. ;Indications Patients with insufficient abdominal wall tissue and large saddlebags, who accept the scar and the donor site deformity. In case other free flaps are not possible.

Nichols, Deborah L., and Christopher A. Pool. The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012. Print. The plants only made up 2 percent of the Archaic- period macrobotanical collection compared within 45 percentage in the overlying ceramic-bearing levels dating after 2000 BC.

American Geological Institute, Washington D.C., 325 p.Marko, F., Jacko, S., 1999: Structural geology (General and systematic). Vydavateľstvo Harlequin, Košice, p. 81 - 93 If an overlying allochthon has an opening or hole which exposes the underlying autochthonous material, the hole is called a window (or Fenster).

In this condition the posterior uveitis shows a geographic pattern. The inflammation begins in the juxtapapillary choroid and intermittently spreads centrifugally. The overlying retinal pigment epithelium and the outer retina are involved in the inflammatory process. A closely related condition is multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis.

Specifically, it prefers dry basalt talus scree overlying clay soils. It associates with the low sagebrush community, and specific associates include Artemisia arbuscula, Poa secunda, Elymus elymoides, Arenaria aculeata, Phlox spp., Erigeron linearis, etc. The fire ecology is unknown for members of this genus.

Because of its high silica content, the Kieselkalk is much less susceptible to karstification than the overlying Schrattenkalk. In the Siebenhengste-Hohgant-Höhle cave system in Switzerland, large galleries, easily developing in the Schrattenkalk, become impenetrable fissures networks when water disappears in the Kieselkalk.

Aroga websteri is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Washington.Aroga at funetmothphotographersgroup The wingspan is 14–16 mm. The forewings are sordid white, heavily stuffed with greyish-fuscous and overlying greyish-fuscous scales.

All the habitats are noted for their varied flora, but all have their specialities. The "relatively undisturbed reach of river ... is important for breeding birds." The wetlands are "important for amphibians." This is a Magnesian Limestone area, with overlying calcareous grassland and its typical species.

Hadrian's Wall survived as two partial courses of stone overlying a remnant of turf wall. The east wall of the milecastle was located, and there was a possible interior building on the east side of the milecastle. There are no visible remains above ground.

The geology of the United Arab Emirates includes very thick Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine and continental sedimentary rocks overlying deeply buried Precambrian. The region has extensive oil and gas resources and was deformed during the last several million years by more distant tectonic events.

Annona Chalk overlying Brownstown Marl at what is now called White Cliffs Natural Area, with the Little River in the foreground, Howard County, AR (c. 1910) The Brownstown Marl is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

The Chañares Formation is the lowermost unit of the Agua de la Peña Group, representing the onset of the first syn- rift phase of the basin. The combined thickness of the overlying Ischichuca Formation and the Chañares Formation is .Aceituno Cieri et al., 2015, p.

Pseudoaneurysms usually present as a painful, tender, pulsatile mass. The overlying skin is sometimes erythematous (red). They can sometimes be confused with abscesses. The patient may describe a history of catheterization or trauma, and they may note that the pulsatile mass is gradually expanding.

Bullhead Group includes the conglomerate and quartzose sandstones of the Cadomin Formation at the base, and grades to sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, shale and coal seams of the overlying Gething Formation. Those sediments were deposited in alluvial fan, braided river, deltaic and coastal plain environments.

The rim of Byrgius is worn and eroded, with Byrgius A overlying the eastern rim and Byrgius D lying across the northwest. The floor is relatively flat and undistinguished by significant craterlets. Byrgius A possesses its own ray system that extends for over 400 kilometres.

Lunar olivine basalt formed around 3.3 billion years ago. In the Lunar geologic timescale, the Late Imbrian epoch occurred between 3800 million years ago to about 3200 million years ago. It was the epoch during which the mantle below the lunar basins partially melted and filled them with basalt. The melting is thought to have occurred because the impacts of the Early Imbrian thinned the overlying rock - either causing the mantle to rise because of the reduced pressure on it, bringing molten material closer to the surface; or the top melting as heat flowed upwards through the mantle because of reduced overlying thermal insulation.

Overlying the Coeymans Formation, at the top of the escarpment, the Kalkberg Formation contains brachiopods and crinoids and is interpreted as even deeper marine deposits. The New Scotland Formation contains interbedded shale and sandstone; an exposure is found in Minelot Creek, up creek of the Paint Mine parking area. The Becraft Formation overlies the New Scotland Formation and is a coarse-grained limestone with abundant crinoid debris; it is best exposed in the northern section of the park near Carrick Road, where an unconformity separates the Becraft and overlying Oriskany Sandstone. Due to its predominant limestone bedrock, the park features karst topography which includes numerous disappearing streams, caves, sinkholes, and grikes.

The impact occurred into flat-lying Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of the McArthur Basin and most of the crater is covered by a semi-circular hill of flat-lying Neoproterozoic sedimentary rock. The only exposure of the crater itself are scattered outcrops of deformed sandstone and breccia around the northern edge of the overlying hill, which are inferred to be remnants of the crater rim. The rim is about 6 km in diameter. Evidence indicating an impact origin for the feature includes an abundance of shocked quartz grains in the sedimentary rocks overlying the crater; these are assumed to have been eroded from the floor of the crater.

The Manzano Series was first named by Herrick in 1900. Herrick correctly placed the Carboniferous - Permian boundary just below the base of this unit and identified Permian fossils in overlying beds, but could find no fossils within the series itself. Gordon assigned the underlying beds to the (now-abandoned) Magdalena Group and added the overlying limestone beds now assigned to the San Andres Formation, and placed the Manzano Group in the upper Carboniferous based on fossils reported by Lee and Girty. The name continued in use at least as late as 1920, when Boese concluded from ammonite fossils that the Abo Formation was Uralian (Cisuralian?) in age.

A stagnant lid regime occurs when mantle driving forces do not exceed the lithospheric yield strength, resulting in a single, continuous rigid plate overlying the mantle. Stagnant lids only develop when the viscosity contrast between the surface and planetary interior exceeds about four orders of magnitude.

This method involves dissecting the Fallopian tube from the overlying connective tissue (serosa), placing two ligatures and excising a segment of the tube, then buries the end of the Fallopian tube closest to the uterus underneath the serosa. Dr. Uchida reported no failures among 20,000 procedures.

The Gondwanas in the Nepal Himalaya. Sedimentary Basins of India: Tectonic Context, Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, 202–217. Abundant plant fossils are found in the Taltung Formation, and they are dated to the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. The Amile Formation is unconformably overlying the Taltung Formation.

It consists of conglomerate, quartzite, phyllite as well as diamictite with interbedded slates. At the base of this formation, pebbles are composed of quartzite and siliceous dolomite. They are embedded in a fine quartzite matrix. The thicker beds of slate and phyllite are overlying the conglomerate layers.

Septocutaneous perforators supply the overlying skin by traversing through an intermuscular septum before they pierce the deep fascia. These perforators are cutaneous side branches of muscular vessels and perforators. When a flap's blood supply depends on a septal perforator, this flap is called a septal perforator flap.

Dolines (or sinkholes) are mostly found in its suffusion form. Suffusion dolines are depressions formed above caves and smaller cavities in unconsolidated sediments. Many dolines in the Eramosa Karst are formed by a combination of soil piping and erosion of the glacially deposited sediments, overlying the bedrock.

Remains from the Chalcolithic have been uncovered by Danish archaeologists on the mount on which the former citadel once stood.Ring, 1996, p.315. The excavation took place between 1931 and 1938 under the direction of Harald Ingholt. The overlying level L dates to the Chalcolithic Halaf culture.

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 145, p. 46-73. Metamorphic core complexes were emplaced due to the buoyant entrainment of granitic melts. The abundant water was liberated by heating dehydration of the lowest orogenic crust, contributing aqueous solutions to amphibolite-facies retrogression of the overlying crust.

The andesites described in the 1920s were mapped as early Tertiary age, long before Level Mountain formed. Hamilton recognized the four sequences of alkali basalt flows and tuffs in the lava plateau as well as the overlying bimodal package of alkali basalt and peralkaline lavas and tuffs.

They found that decrease blood flow in the choriocapillaris precedes atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and the overlying photoreceptors. Since the choriocapillaris is a vascular layer, this maybe be used as an arugment for why geographic atrophy could be a disease due to decreased blood flow.

Symptoms may include pain in a specific bone with overlying redness, fever, and weakness. Onset may be sudden or gradual. Enlarged lymph nodes may be present. In fungal infections like Mycetoma there is usually a history of walking bare footed especially in rural and farming areas.

Overlying this unit, separated by a small unconformity, is the 'middle rift' unit of Pliocene coarse grained sandstones and conglomerates. Finally there is the modern rift unit of fluvial, glacial, and deltaic sediments. Examining Pliocene and younger sediments reveals sands, argillites, and silts, indicating lacustrine deposition.

As the seaway retreated toward the southwest, the marine sediments of the Bearpaw became covered by the deltaic and coastal plain sediments of the overlying formations.Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba.

Then the graft is attached to the overlying host stroma pneumatically (Fig 3E,F). Air fluid pressure is maintained inside the chamber for 60 seconds and then minimal air is released. The wound is closed with 10-0 monofilament suture and subconjunctival antibiotic steroid injection is given.

Bayley, 1963 The Diamond Springs Formation is conformable with the overlying rocks and consists predominantly of serpentinite, tremolite-talc-chlorite schist, and amphibolite. Compositionally, these rocks are typical of the basal volcanic members in other Archean terranes, and represent high-magnesian, sub-marine flows and sills.

Ridges of debris on the surface of the glaciers indicate the direction of ice movement. The surface of some glaciers have rough textures due to sublimation of buried ice. The ice evaporates without melting and leaves behind an empty space. Overlying material then collapses into the void.

They have propensity to enlarge progressively and ulcerate the overlying skin and extrude. They are most common around shoulders, hips and elbows. Laboratory evaluation reveal normal serum calcium levels and hyperphosphatemia. Rarely ALP (alkaline phosphatase – an enzyme active at sites of bone formation) may be elevated.

Its interior floor is level and has the same low albedo as the lunar mare to the northwest. The rim has a wide gap at the northern end, and the floor lies open to the exterior. This feature is not marked by any overlying impacts of note.

To exclude other differential diagnoses, a skin biopsy may be taken. Imaging studies can be used in order to detect any underlying bony abnormalities that cause abnormal pressure on the overlying skin. For this purpose, a plain radiograph usually suffices, but, occasionally, CT scanning is used.

The toes are moderately webbed, distinguishing it from the more extensively webbed Phrynobatrachus acridoides. There is a pair of concave ridges on the anterior part of the dorsum. Coloration is polymorphic. One form is dorsally dark greyish brown, usually with black areas overlying the dermal ridges.

It is endemic to parts of north- eastern Queensland including around the Argentine mine which is found approximately south west of Townsville where it is situated on plains and in gorges growing in brown loamy soils overlying Argentine schist bedrock as a part of Eucalyptus woodland communities.

The Mount Simon Sandstone is the basal sandstone of the Potsdam Sandstone. It was deposited in a nearshore environment, unconformably overlying Precambrian basement. It is overlain by the Eau Claire Formation or Ordovician strata. It is presumed to be Upper Cambrian in age, though not verified.

Together with Indian physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910–1995), he discovered and published in 1942 the so-called Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit, which is the maximum mass of the core of a star that can support the overlying layers against gravitational collapse, once the core hydrogen is exhausted.

The Kaladongar Formation is the oldest Mesozoic geologic formation of the Kachchh basin. It is found in Patcham Island, Kachchh, Gujarat, India. It is made up of limestone and sandstone. It was later intruded by an olivine gabbroic intrusion which baked and shattered the overlying Limestone.

Rock outcrops are minor except where the overlying limestones are exposed in the north end of Fort Knox. The Jefferson Memorial Forest in Louisville, Kentucky and Bernheim Forest in Bullitt and Nelson Counties are both located within the knobs of Muldraugh Hill, as is part of Fort Knox.

Bacterial infection in the oro-facial region can lead to abscess and swelling. The rapid spread of this infection through connective tissue spaces, is often referred to as cellulitis. The clinical features of cellulitis are a painful, diffuse, brawny swelling. The overlying skin is red, tense and shiny.

Because he could not afford a typewriter, he carefully wrote in ink on legal-sized paper, occasionally crossing through or overlying a word. If he changed something, he would rewrite the whole page. He later moved to New York City, where he completed the novel in April 1894 .

In contrast, the north and east plateau boundaries are less clear. From an elevation of onwards the overlying stratovolcano is dominant. Ridges and peaks prevail at an elevation of and comprise the Level Mountain Range. These rise more steeply to , eventually reaching the highest point of at Meszah Peak.

Geologically, Monte Sano is a mesa separated from the main Cumberland Plateau by the Flint River Valley. It is characterized by a resistant sandstone caprock of the Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation overlying more soluble layers of Mississippian limestone. The Mississippian limestone is rich in marine fossils, especially crinoids and blastoids.

The exposed clastic sedimentary rocks, as well as volcanic and carbonate units record rifting and subsidence of the Superior craton during this period. There are two main volcanic sequences on the Belcher Islands called the Eskimo and overlying Flaherty volcanics. These volcanics form part of the Circum-Superior Belt.

The suprascapular nerve (C5) innervates the supraspinatus muscle as well as the infraspinatus muscle. It comes from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. This nerve can be damaged along its course in fractures of the overlying clavicle, which can reduce the person's ability to initiate the abduction.

The polluted clouds thus engulf more of the overlying dry air causing them to rigorously evaporate and thin under dry meteorological conditions. Under a moist/unstable atmosphere the entrainment effect is smaller and the pollutants from the ship cause the clouds to thicken and the albedo to increase.

Jinguofortis is a genus of primitive avialan bird belonging to the clade Pygostylia that lived during the Valanginian stage of the Early Cretaceous. It was found in the Dabeigou Formation in northeastern China, and isotope dating from the samples overlying the bird-bearing horizon is 127 million years ago.

Southwest of Okanagan Falls, are the ragged cliffs of Indian Head, one of the most unusual rock formations in the Okanagan. Consisting of dark volcanic rocks overlying a lighter conglomerate. This formation contains spectacular megabreccia, volcanic and plutonic rocks up to across and metamorphic rocks of up to across.

However, the uplift of a block containing late granitic veins within the basement Moine complex in Easter Ross, whose intrusion has been dated as earliest Eifelian, before deposition of the overlying Middle Devonian sediments, is evidence of some continuing activity along this structure into the middle Devonian period.

Numerous vertical joint planes controlled where and how fast erosion took place. Most of these long, linear and very deep cracks trend northeast or northwest and form parallel, often regularly spaced sets. They were created by uplift-associated pressure release and by the unloading of overlying rock via erosion.

The epiclastites are massive altered lava fragments in a mud matrix, usually ferromanganiferous. Overlying this is the massive-finely laminated ferromanganese muds. Between the epiclastics and muds lie background accumulations of pelagic sediment. To the south there is the Mathiati-Margi massive sulfide ore body and stockwork mineralisation.

Reinke's space is a potential space between the vocal ligament and the overlying mucosa. It is not an empty space, but contains cells, special fibers and extracellular matrix. It plays an important role in the vibration of the vocal cords. Edema of this space is called Reinke's edema.

461 Ma from U/Pb zircon dates) and the overlying Partridge Formation (c. 457 Ma from graptolites in the formation). It is related to the slightly older Shelburne Falls arc that sits to the west. These rocks were metamorphosed and deformed during the Acadian Orogeny and the Alleghenian Orogeny.

The superior hypogastric plexus or presacral nerve is located in the interiliac triangle overlying the sacral promontory. At this location, the presacral nerve is in close proximity to major vasculature (bifurcation of the aorta, common iliac arteries, left common iliac vein, and inferior mesenteric artery) and the ureters.

The Ma Butte Formation is a unit of the Blairmore Group. It consists primarily of fine-grained sandstones interbedded with siltstones and mudstones. Some coarser grained sandstones and conglomerate beds are also present. Beds of bentonite and tuff increase upward toward the contact with the overlying Crowsnest Formation.

Temperature inversion in the Lake District, England, forms clouds at low level beneath clear skies. Smoke rising in Lochcarron, Scotland, is stopped by an overlying layer of warmer air (2006). Smog trapped over the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan during a temperature inversion. Smoke-filled canyons in northern Arizona, 2019.

The particular rock of the Winn Sill gives rise to conditions less acidic than comparable types, and the overlying soil is thin and peaty; it provides a habitat for glasses than tolerate dry conditions, notably wild chives (Allium schoenoprasum), rare in Northumberland other than on the Whin Sill.

The base of the shell shows under a lens very fine, close, regular spiral striae. Well-preserved specimens show red and emerald-green reflections through the thin layer overlying the nacre, like fiery opals. The low spire has a conoidal shape. The sutures are linear and not impressed.

The site is part of the East Devon dissected plateau, composed of calcareous upper greensand capped by clay, Flints and chert, and overlying Keuper marls. The north part of the site is 225 metres above sea level and the ground slopes steeply to the south down to 150 metres.

Deposition resumes in the western portion of the Zonguldak basin with the deposition of the Çakraz Formation. The Çakraz spans the upper Permian through the Lower Jurassic. Unconformably overlying the Çakraz is the Inalti Formation. The Inalti was deposited during the upper Jurassic and is truncated by an unconformity.

OCT has an improved ability with respect to intravascular ultrasound to penetrate and delineate calcium in the vessel wall that makes it well suited to guide complex interventional strategies in vessels with superficial calcification. OCT has the capability of visualize coronary plaque erosion and fibrotic caps overlying atheromas.

The forewings range from dark slate grey to brownish, with an intermingling of dingy-white scales and with a generally smudged appearance with purplish reflections. There are three rounded dorsal tufts overlying a fine paler fringe. The hindwings are narrowly lanceolate, with long fine silky fringes.The Canadian Entomologist, v.

Accessed June 2011 Of course, in the case of upgrading existing lines the design, installation, test and commissioning stages are much more critical. This is mainly due to the challenge of deploying the overlying system without disrupting the revenue service.Madrid's silent revolution. in International Railway Journal, Keith Barrow, 2010.

In this view, volcanism turned deep water slightly acidic by adding dissolved carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. This water slowly dissolved the limestone above, creating porous karst. This is referred to as “hypogenic karstification.” From time to time, overlying rock collapsed into hollow chambers below, creating deep shafts.

Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma typically presents as a deeply circumscribed, freely movable, rounded nodule ranging from 2 to 15 mm in diameter, with overlying skin that may have a reddish or violaceous tint.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. .

Baconton is located at (31.376002, -84.161468). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Soils of Baconton are mostly well drained or somewhat excessively drained. They have grayish brown loamy sand topsoils overlying yellowish brown or red sandy clay loam subsoils.

Bleeding in early pregnancy may be a sign of a threatened or incomplete miscarriage. In the second or third trimester a placenta previa (a placenta partially or completely overlying the cervix) may bleed quite severely. Placental abruption is often associated with uterine bleeding as well as uterine pain.

The type section is at Arroyo del Tuerto (Arroyo Pinovetito) where it cuts a slot canyon through Espinaso Ridge. Espinaso Ridge is a hogback produced by the strongly cemented volcaniclastics of the Espinaso Formation, which contrast with the less resistant beds of the underlying Galisteo Formation and overlying Tanos Formation.Stears 1953 Radiometric dating gives an age range of 34.3 +/-0.8 Ma near the base of the formation, 34.6 +/-0.7 Ma near the middle, and 26.9 +/-0.6 my near the top. A basalt flow at the base of the overlying Tanos Formation has an age of 25.1 +/-0.6 Ma. The formation intertongues with the underlying Galisteo Formation but unconformably underlies the Tanos Formation of the Santa Fe Group.

When the cliff edge does not retreat uniformly, but instead is indented by headward eroding streams, a section can be cut off from the main cliff, forming a mesa. Basal sapping occurs as water flowing around the rock layers of the mesa erodes the underlying soft shale layers, either as surface runoff from the mesa top or from groundwater moving through permeable overlying layers, which leads to slumping and flowage of the shale. As the underlying shale erodes away, it can no longer support the overlying cliff layers, which collapse and retreat. When the caprock has caved away to the point where only a little remains, it is known as a butte.

Pericoronitis (green arrow) in lower right wisdom tooth Impacted wisdom teeth without a communication to the mouth, that have no pathology associated with the tooth, and have not caused tooth resorption on the blocking tooth, rarely have symptoms. The chances of developing pathology on an impacted wisdom tooth that is not communicating with the mouth is approximately 12%. However, when impacted wisdom teeth communicate with the mouth, food and bacteria penetrate to the space around the tooth and cause symptoms such as localized pain, swelling and bleeding of the tissue overlying the tooth. The tissue overlying the tooth is called the operculum, and the disorder is called pericoronitis which means inflammation around the crown of the tooth.

Subglacial mounds (SUGM) of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex are an unusual type of subglacial volcano formed when subglacial eruptions began melting overlying glacial ice at a time when this region was covered by glacial ice during the Pleistocene and early Holocene periods. These subglacial eruptions were not hot enough to melt a vertical pipe right through the overlying glacial ice, instead forming mounds of hydrated volcanic rock made up of volcanic fragments called hyaloclastite and lava that solidified into pillow- shaped masses called pillow lava deep beneath the glacial ice field. Once the glaciers had retreated, the subglacial volcanoes would be revealed, with a unique shape as a result of their confinement within glacial ice.

Pendants and other jewelry showing traces of ochre dye and of deliberate grooving have also been found in one single stratigraphically disturbed Neanderthal archaeological layer, but whether these items were ever in the hands of Neanderthals or were mixed into their archaeological layers from overlying modern human ones is debated.

Daniel et al. 2013 while the contact with the overlying Piedra Lumbre Formation is gradational.Daniel et al. 2016, p.206 Because of its distinctive appearance, the formation is an important structural marker, which provided evidence that the Hondo Group of which it is a part fills an inverted syncline.Montgomery 1953, p.

The Blairmore group includes the conglomerate and quartzose sandstones of the Cadomin Formation at the base, and grades to sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and limestone in the overlying formations. The Beaver Mines and Ma Butte Formations in the upper part of the group also include minor beds of bentonite and tuff.

DLK is usually seen after refractive surgery. Neutrophils infiltrate the corneal stroma in a diffuse, multifocal pattern. Infiltration is confined to the surgical flap interface with no posterior or anterior extension, and overlying epithelium most often remains intact. As it is a sterile process, cultures based on swab tests are negative.

The Corona Formation was defined as a formation by Venturini in 1990.Ronchi et al., 2012, p.305 It is the lowermost Gzhelian unit in the late Pennsylvanian Pramollo Group, overlying the Kasimovian Pizzul Formation and overlain by the Auernig Formation in the Carnian Alpine border region of Austria and Italy.

In this way, loose clasts in a sedimentary rock can become "glued" together. When sedimentation continues, an older rock layer becomes buried deeper as a result. The lithostatic pressure in the rock increases due to the weight of the overlying sediment. This causes compaction, a process in which grains mechanically reorganize.

The drainage layer may be constructed via coarse gravel, stones, expanded clay aggregate, or may be wholly synthetic; the drainage layer is typically separated from the overlying substrate with a fine plastic mesh. Additionally, some bioactive terraria include leaf-litter, which can serve as food and microhabitat for the cleanup crew.

Bush-meadow-coniferous forest chord has a composite vegetative overlying strata. Northern slopes are occupied by endemic fir-trees of Schrenk, while southern by bushes of dogrose. Also there are aspen forests, and sometimes birch woods. Bushes and small- leaved wood band (1400–1600 m) is located in a submontane part.

UKmoths The larvae feed on Humulus lupulus. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a broad full depth corridor overlying the main veins, with broad lobelike, transparent extensions into the blade. The corridor itself is opaque and white at first, but later turns brown.

Bambuti societies have no ruling group or lineage, no overlying political organization, and little social structure. The Bambuti are an egalitarian society in which the band is the highest form of social organization. Leadership may be displayed for example on hunting treks. Men become leaders because they are good hunters.

This is composed of eggs; hence the name oölite. The process goes on today in the seas off the Bahamas (Kirkaldy p. 59). Much of it also contains marine shells, notably of oyster. Subsequently, the site was submerged less deeply so that the overlying Blisworth Clay was deposited in brackish conditions.

Because sills generally form at shallow depths (up to many kilometers) below the surface, the pressure of overlying rock prevents this from happening much, if at all. Lava flows will also typically show evidence of weathering on their upper surface, whereas sills, if still covered by country rock, typically do not.

The boundary is thought to harbor topography, much like Earth's surface, that is supported by solid-state convection within the overlying mantle. Variations in the thermal properties of the core-mantle boundary may affect how the outer core's iron-rich fluids flow, which are ultimately responsible for Earth's magnetic field.

The rim of Malapert forms an irregular ring of peaks around the interior floor. The western side of the rim is overlain by what appear to be impact craters. There are also small craters overlying the southeastern rim. Much of the interior and details of the rim remain hidden by shadows.

One of which is a similar depiction of winged Aphrodite. The lower part of the figure is made of dark stone, so that the marble body comes to a better focus. Another female figure wearing a chiton and an overlying peplos, the right shoulder is a shawl.Stawiskij: Die Völker Mittelasiens.

The site is on the outskirts of Gloucester City, and is made up of a series of lowland meadows overlying Lower Lias clays. They are one of the few remaining areas of herb rich ancient pastures in Gloucestershire. They have been traditionally managed for hay, and cattle and sheep grazing.

Bioluminescence is more abundant than sunlight in this zone. Most food in this zone comes from dead organisms sinking to the bottom of the lake or ocean from overlying waters. The depth of the aphotic zone can be greatly affected by such things as turbidity and the season of the year.

Potentially tectonically susceptible structure. The Acropolis is a klippe consisting of two lithostratigraphic units, the Athens schist and the overlying Acropolis limestone. The Athens schist is a soft reddish rock dating from the upper Cretaceous period. The original sediments were deposited in a river delta approximately 72 million years ago.

As a chunk of tissue, the dentate nucleus with overlying cerebellar cortex makes up a functional unit called the cerebrocerebellum. Thus, there is a part of cerebellum that communicates exclusively with the dentate nucleus.Saab, C. Y., & Willis, W. D. (2003). The cerebellum: organization, functions and its role in nociception. [Review].

There is evidence that meltwater discharges are episodic. This can result because as water continues to collect, more ice is lifted, and the water moves outward in a growing under-ice lake. Areas where the ice is most easily lifted (i.e., areas with thinner overlying ice sheets) are lifted first.

Sedimentary structures that appear to "protrude" into underlying strata. Most likely from the decay of entombed plants. These may have a "pothole-like" form. They reflect a prominent component of soft-sediment deformation in overlying and adjacent strata, but may also represent hydrodynamic activity around a plant that was not preserved.

Such systems are particularly useful in built-up urban environments where digging may be impractical due to overlying buildings.EPA. New York, NY (2003-04-17). "EPA Announces Cleanup Plan for Contaminated Soil and Ground Water at Central Islip Superfund Site." Example of use of ozonation wells for remediation in situ.

Dolerites of the Nyangani sill, overlying Archaean granite. The park is dominated by Mount Nyangani which lies in the centre and is the highest mountain in Zimbabwe. The park is well watered by numerous streams and rivers. The central and eastern parts of the park form part of the Zambezi Basin.

545 The dating of the Montsec Thrust has been established on the basis of the stratigraphies of the overlying hanging wall (Triassic to Cretaceous) onto the Lutetian (locally called Cuisian) fluvial sediments of the Àger Basin to the south of the Montsec.Teixell & Muñoz, 2000, p.257Fernández et al., 2012, p.

The formation is overlain by the Menefee Formation. The Point Lookout Sandstone was deposited in the Cretaceous Interior Seaway, as part of a regressive sequence as the seaway was receding. It is transitional between the marine environment of the underlying Mancos and the coastal plain environment of the overlying Menefee Formation.

The two layers cover the intraembryonic cavity. The parietal layer together with overlying ectoderm forms the lateral body wall folds. The visceral layer forms the walls of the gut tube. Mesoderm cells of the parietal layer form the mesothelial membranes or serous membranes which line the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities.

The British held the view that there should be complete sovereign right to the overlying airspace for national security reasons. They did not uphold the opinions of British professor of international law John Westlake, who although held the same view to some extent, also advocated the right of innocent passage.

It is the lowermost unit in the Marree Subgroup, overlying the Cadna-owie Formation and is overlain by the Coorikiana Sandstone. The formation dates to the Aptian to Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous.Bulldog Shale at Fossilworks.org The Bulldog Shale is composed of finely laminated carbonaceous and pyritic mudstone and claystone beds.

The eight whorls increase regularly in size. They are a little rounded, angulated at the carina, rather tumid on the base, and have a wide umbilicus. The suture is angulated and well defined, but a little filled up by the carina of the overlying whorl. The aperture is (apparently) perpendicular and semioval.

The leaching of minerals from pumice gravel, soils, and overlying rock provides for deposition of secondary speleothems in lava tubes. Lava Beds National Monument has the largest concentration of lava tubes in North America. One has electrical lighting, the others are illuminated by ceiling collapse portals or require flashlights, available on loan.

Livedoid dermatitis is a iatrogenic cutaneous reaction that occurs immediately after a drug injection. It presents as an immediate, extreme pain around the injection site, with overlying skin rapidly becoming erythematous, violaceous, or blanched ("ischemic pallor")James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. .

Between 1825 and 1850 manganese was mined near Talivaud in the contact region between the arkoses and the overlying Sidérolithique, iron-rich Tertiary sediments. The limestones sometimes develop karst phenomena like caves (near Blanchetière). The floodplain of the Bandiat is infilled by alluvial Pleistocene sands with occasional intercalated layers of polished quartz pebbles.

Gastrochisis in ultrasound: defect is right to midline In the developed world, around 90% of cases are identified during normal ultrasound screens, usually in the second trimester. Distinguished from other ventral body wall defects such as omphalocele, there is no overlying sac or peritoneum, and the defect is usually much smaller in gastroschisis.

The dorsal vertebrae of Katepensaurus were found to be unique among other sauropods, exhibiting five autapomorphies, i.e. unique traits. Lateral pneumatic fossa of the centrum (the central part of a vertebra) is divided by internal laminas. On the lateral surface of the vertebrae, overlying the neurocentral junction, vertical ridges or crests are present.

Overlying this solid geology are superficial deposits of glacial till, plus sand and aggregates. Land use is primarily grassland, with areas of bog and heathland, but includes the towns of Magherafelt and Maghera. The average annual rainfall in the catchment is , which is somewhat higher than the average for United Kingdom at .

It was then abandoned and left to subside. Bind :A term used in various areas to refer to shale, mudstone, clay or sandstone overlying the seam. Bituminous coal :Bituminous coal is a type of coal found in the most coalfields. It is laid down in seams and varies in constituency and quality.

The quarry is sited in the Forest of Dean and provides an easily accessible exposure through c.75 metres of Drybrook Sandstone. The sandstones include good sedimentary structures and fossil traces which indicate a shallow marine environment. The Drybrook Sandstone lies between the Chadian Whitehead Limestone and the overlying unconformable Coal Measures.

Over the last 30 million years the Ethiopian Highlands have been uplifted and the Edaga Arbi Glacials have been exposed as a result of the erosion of overlying rocks. This is one of the few places in the world where the Palaeozoic glacial deposits are well exposed and can be easily accessed.

The geology of Montana includes thick sequences of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks overlying ancient Archean and Proterozoic crystalline basement rock. Eastern Montana has considerable oil and gas resources, while the uplifted Rocky Mountains in the west, which resulted from the Laramide orogeny and other tectonic events have locations with metal ore.

All known specimens of Eriphostoma are from the Beaufort Group of South Africa. The holotype is from the Abrahamskraal Formation, but some of the referred specimens are from the overlying Teekloof Formation. Biostratigraphically, it ranges from the upper Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone to the upper Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone, and is the oldest known gorgonopsian.

In contemporary engineering, the pulvino is used as a structural element to distribute the load between an overlying part with less mechanical resistance and an underlying part with higher resistance. For example, it is used in railways to transfer the load of rails onto sleepers. Generally, it is made of cast iron.

In the suprasalt system, the oldest source rock is the Lower Brenha formation. The best reservoirs to mention include the Coimbra dolomite and Upper Dagorda carbonates, Candieiros olitic and bioclastic grainstones, and the fractured carbonates of the Brenha formation. Seals are tight or marly carbonates of the Brenha and overlying basal Upper Jurassic.

Weber–Christian disease, is a cutaneous condition characterized by recurrent subcutaneous nodules that heal with depression of the overlying skin. It is a type of panniculitis. It is a rare disease seen in females 30–60 years of age. It is a recurring inflammation of fatty layers of tissue present beneath the skin.

The syncline of south Hampshire is represented by the bay and département of Somme. Fundamentally, the Bray fault dates from the late Carboniferous and Early Permian but the effect in France and England, of its associated earth movements, has quietly continued so as to gently fold the overlying Jurassic and Cretaceous strata.

A total of at least 6 Megafauna species are represented, although the majority of bones are from Macropus giganteus or Macropus titan. Human artifacts were found in the bone bed and in the overlying clay. However, evidence of reworking by water flow has been noted. Thus it appears possible such artifacts are intrusions.

In general, the Organ Rock Formation records the evolution of terminal fluvial fans, which dry up into sections of overlying formations. Animals living during the time of the Organ Rock's deposition had the capacity to travel across most of earth's landmass, as at the time, land was all concentrated into the supercontinent Pangea.

This facies is marked by a sharp contact at the top of the preceding floodplain and channel facies. Mud cracks found at the top of the facies are filled by fine-grained sand from the overlying dune facies. This facies is most common at the western extent of the Organ Rock Formation.

Overlying these are regressive beach type deposits, displaying large-scale foresets and a coarsening upward sequence. Passing from open-water the facies change to nearshore and alluvial deposits. A 1000 m basinwide fanglomeratic unit overlies these deposits. The second sedimentary phase is marked by a dramatic increase in subsisdence, unmatched by sedimentation.

The misplacement is accompanied by the lamina propria, and is continuous with overlying polyp through a gap in the muscularis mucosae. It may require slices at multiple levels to demonstrate microscopically. In such cases adjacent hemorrhage and hemosiderin deposition is common. Collagen type IV stain will have a strong continuous staining around nests.

As the burial depth increase, the strength of sedimentary rocks increases with the rising pressure. Therefore, most thick overburden is more difficult to pierce by underlying salt and deform accordingly. Overlying sediments that have a thickness of few hundred meters rarely deform if external forces such as compression and extension do not exist.

Haughton impact crater is located on Devon Island, Nunavut in far northern Canada. It is about in diameter and formed about 39 million years ago during the late Eocene. The impacting object is estimated to have been approximately in diameter. Devon Island itself is composed of Paleozoic shale and siltstone overlying gneissic bedrock.

Alexandria, Virginia. Hypothetical cross-section of a river valley showing different types of benches. They include structural benches (sb) formed by the differential erosion of shale beds overlying limestone beds. Also, they include benches in the form of narrow strath terraces (st), fill terraces (ft), and cut terraces (ct) underlain by fluvial sediments.

The initial Cretaceous estimate was soon reviewed with a "mid- Cambrian to early Ordovician" (~) estimate based on trace fossils,Opik 1959 and was shortly afterwards replaced by a mid-Silurian age based on spores and acritarchs.Balme 1962 This was apparently confirmed by the identification in the overlying beds of a conodont fauna with a recognizably Silurian character,Hocking et al. 1987 but when the palæomagnetism of the area was studied, an early Ordovician age was deduced.Schmidt and Hamilton 1990 A single conodont element, again drawn from overlying sediments, was taken to support a late Cambrian to early Ordovician age,Gorto et al.. 1994 but this was refuted by the observation that the trace fossil assemblages bore great similarity to well constrained lower Silurian assemblages from Antarctica.

Coal strip mine in Wyoming Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed, in contrast to underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral is removed through shafts or tunnels. Surface mining began in the mid-16th century and is practiced throughout the world, although the majority of surface coal mining occurs in North America. It gained popularity throughout the 20th century, and surface mines now produce most of the coal mined in the United States.Coal production by state and mine type 2013-2014, US Energy Information Administration, accessed 4 July 2016.

The weathered rock beds are further overlain by transported soil, calcareous sandstone and thin bed of coarse grained conglomerate. The top of these strata are overlain by marine soil layer up to 9m thick consisting of dark brown clay silt with some fine sand overlying weathered, dark brown basaltic boulders embedded in the silt.

An angular unconformity separates the overlying Hassaouna sandstones from lower Precambrian rocks. These sandstones are inferred to be Cambrian rocks, formed at the beginning of the Paleozoic. In some cases, purple and blue Murizidie series rocks intercalate the sandstones. Orogeny related sedimentation continued through the Ordovician, until a period of tectonic calm in the Silurian.

The Warwickshire Group is a lithostratigraphic unit of rock strata defined within the British Carboniferous system. Within the Pennine Basin it overlies (i.e. postdates) the Coal Measures Group and is deemed to be of late Westphalian and Stephanian age. In the South Wales Coalfield it consists of the Pennant Sandstone Formation and overlying Grovesend Formation.

Upper Wensleydale is high, open and remote U shaped valley overlying Yoredale Beds. The gradient is gentle to the north end of the valley, becoming steeper further south. Drumlins lay either side of the river, which is shallow but fast flowing. The river is fed from many gills cutting through woodland and predominantly sheep farmsteads.

Withdrawal of large volumes of oil from the poorly consolidated sediments resulted in compaction of the oil reservoirs, and resultant sinking of the overlying land surface. Subsidence became apparent in 1940, and exceeded 20 feet at the center. Water injection to maintain pressure in the oil reservoirs began in 1953, which eventually stopped further subsidence.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency defines vapor intrusion as "a migration of volatile chemicals from groundwater contamination or contaminated soil into an overlying building". The chemicals can be of different classes including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), certain semi-volatile organic compound and inorganic chemicals, such as elemental mercury, naturally occurring radon, and hydrogen sulfide.

Clark Quarry is a cut and fill fluvial deposit overlying a marine sand, near Brunswick, Georgia, United States in Glynn County. The marine unit is characterized by a well-sorted, subrounded, low sphericity, fine- grained quartz arenite representing sediments of the Princess Anne Terrace. This site is in the pleistocene era on the geologic timescale.

In Type 2, unprotected vessels run between lobes of a bilobed or succenturiate lobed placenta. In Type 3, a portion of the placenta overlying the cervix undergoes atrophy. In this type, there is a normal placental cord insertion and the placenta has only one lobe. However, vessels at a margin of the placenta are exposed.

The Scollard is usually classified as the uppermost formation of the Edmonton Group, although some early workers included it in the overlying Paskapoo Formation. It is subdivided into an upper, coal-bearing member that consists of the Ardley coal zone, and a lower member that lacks significant coal. Neither member has been formally named.

Mee is a lunar impact crater in the southwestern part of the Moon's near side. Overlying the northwestern rim and intruding one-third the distance across the interior floor is Hainzel, a merged triple-crater formation. To the south is the highly elongated crater Schiller. Mee is 132 kilometers in diameter and 2.7 kilometers deep.

The extraction of hundreds of millions of barrels of oil caused concern for subsidence, as the overlying land collapsed into the empty space over time.NASA.gov page discussing subsidence at Long Beach, California, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, USA. Engineers and geologists were promptly assigned to the problem, building dikes for flood control at high tide.

Notocolossus was discvoered in the Plottier Formation of the Neuquén Group. This formation is about thick and composed of light red claystones and thin bands of pink sandstone. The Plottier Formation can be differentiated from the overlying Portezuelo Formation by the former's higher content of argillite. Tetrapods of the Plottier formation are poorly known.

Dorsoventral patterning is mediated by Wnt7a signals in the overlying ectoderm not the mesoderm. Wnt7a is both necessary and sufficient to dorsalize the limb. Wnt7a also influences the craniocaudal and loss of Wnt7a causes the dorsal side of limbs to become ventral sides and causes missing posterior digits. Replacing Wnt7a signals rescues this defect.

The stony rise flows have been dated at 300,000 years. Overlying the lava disc is a thin layer of tuff. The main hills and cones were built from scoria eruptions which succeeded the phreatomagmatic stage after groundwater had been depleted. Small lava flows from some vents beneath the scoria are the last eruptive activity.

Three native title claims have been registered in the area of the marine park by the Dambimangari, Uungu and Mayala native title groups. The Dambimangari claim lies over the majority of the park, with the Uungu claim overlying a small portion of the St George Basin, and Mayala at the southwestern end of the park.

This interaction is vital in controlling the local immune systems which in turn is vital for maintaining a semi-allogeneic fetus. At the end of gestation, a 'weak zone' develops in the foetal membrane overlying the cervix due to collage remodelling. This eventually leads to rupture of the fetal membrane and the onset of labour.

The Hayner Ranch Formation consists of about of red to tan volcaniclastic conglomerate, mudstone, and sandstone. It is the lowest formation of the Santa Fe Group in the San Diego Mountains area, overlying older volcanic units now assigned to the Spears Group. The formation fills paleovalleys cut in the underlying volcanic beds.Cather et al.

This layer is unique for it bridges the exocaldera and intracaldera sequences. A layer of saprolite (chemically weathered rock) separates the Bailey Rock Rhyolite formation from the overlying Caldera-Fill Sequence-era rocks. The exposed part of the flow overlies part of the Carrow formation, and is colored pink in the diagram above-right.

C. sinensis exhibits a range of growth forms, from low shrub to a multi-stemmed tree up to 12m in height. The stem bark is brown, to cream brown. Flowers are white or cream in colour. The fruit is conical, orange or red with a fleshy, viscid pulp overlying a 1-4 large seeds.

The term "Blanco Canyon beds", later shortened to "Blanco beds", was first applied to this formation in 1890 by William F. Cummins of the Geological Survey of Texas.Cummins, W.F. 1890. The Permian of Texas and its overlying beds. In: Dumble, E.T. (ed), First annual report of the Geological Survey of Texas 1889, pp. 183-197.

Volcanic activity in the belt is usually linked to the dehydration of the subducting slabs, which causes water and other subducted components to be added to the overlying mantle. In the case of the CVZ, this addition generates magmas that are further modified by the thick crust in the area, forming andesites, dacites and rhyolites.

The Skirmish Hill Caldera is poorly exposed along the southern margin of the Musgrave Block and consists of granite and overlying? rhyolite. It has been traditionally seen as a potential source for the Tollu Volcanics. The caldera is truncated on the north by a north-dipping thrust fault and is probably tilted to the south.

The massif consists of a basement formed by Cambro- Ordovician rocks, overlain by the Middle Silurian Sierra Grande Formation. The early Paleozoic section is covered by metamorphic and igneous complexes; the Permian Pailemán and Navarrete Plutonic Complexes,González et al., 2014, p.175 and the unconformably overlying Early to Middle Jurassic Marifil Volcanic Complex.

The Bursum Formation is primarily mudstone but with substantial limestone, particularly in its lower beds, with a thickness in excess of . It rests disconformably on the Atrasado Formation and grades into the overlying Abo Formation. It represents the transitional zone between the marine Madera Group and the continental Abo Formation.Kues and Giles 2004, pp.

Auspitz's sign is the appearance of punctate bleeding spots when psoriasis scales are scraped off, named after Heinrich Auspitz. This happens because there is thinning of the epidermal layer overlying the tips of the dermal papillae and blood vessels within the papillae are dilated and tortuous, which bleed readily when the scale is removed.

Within the formation, alluvial plain deposition grades into sandstones which originated from channels and deltas along a shoreline. The overlying shales in the formation were deposited offshore, and the mud cracks, clasts, and gypsum characterizing the area indicate a tidal deposition. The formation has been dated to 530±10 Mya through K-Ar radiometric dating.

The orchestras of the Hellenistic theater were then freed from the overlying layer of the earth. The theater dates from the 5th century BC; the Bacchae of Euripides were premiered here. In the summer of 1976 excavations were carried out in the southeastern sector within the city wall. One came upon the great thermae.

A good example can be seen at the Dillion Pinnacles in Curecanti National Recreation Area. The resistant welded tuff that caps Dillon Mesa is on top, overlying the West Elk Breccia, which has eroded into the pinnacles. Exposed under the breccia are the older, underlying Mesozoic sedimentary rocks including the Mancos, Dakota, and Morrison Formations.

All the craters at The Craters of the Moon are the result of hydrothermal eruptions. The pressure of the steam beneath the surface exceeds the pressure exerted by the weight of the overlying ground. This results in an explosion. A mixture of hot water, steam, hot mud and pumice is ejected into the air.

Generally though, lesions appear moist and have raised outer borders, a granulating base, an overlying layer of white purulent exudate, and have been described as "pizza-like." Biopsies of these lesions usually reveal a number of findings including numerous macrophages containing intracellular amastigotes as well as lymphocytes with observed granuloma formation and few parasites.

Angular unconformities of vastly differing magnitudes separate the Cardenas Basalt from the overlying Nankoweap Formation and Tonto Group. Mafic sills and dikes (basalt resp. diabase) intrude all rocks within Unkar Group members below the Cardenas Basalt. They consist of black, medium- to coarse- grained, olivine-rich basalt that contains plagioclase, olivine, clinopyroxene, magnetite-ilmenite, and biotite.

UKmoths The larvae feed on Ononis repens, Ononis spinosa, Trifolium medium, Trifolium montanum, Trifolium ochroleucon, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as a small, lower-surface epidermal corridor. Only after the first moult the larva starts feeding on the leaf parenchyma, resulting in a corridor overlying the midrib.

Routledge, 556pp. (2018). Selected papers Kapitsa, A., Ridley, J.K., Robin, G. de Q., Siegert, M.J. & Zotikov, I. Large deep freshwater lake beneath the ice of central East Antarctica. Nature, 381, 684-686. (1996). Siegert, M.J., Kwok, R., Mayer, C. & Hubbard, B. Water exchange between the subglacial Lake Vostok and the overlying ice sheet. Nature, 403, 643-646. (2000).

Fine- to coarse-grained greenish-grey sandstone interbedded with greenish-grey mudstone and siltstone, and lesser amounts of conglomerate, bentonite, and tuff. Some conglomerate beds contain pebbles of volcanic origin. Minor argillaceous limestone is present at the top in some areas. The sandstones are feldspathic, in contrast to the quartzose sandstones of the overlying Ma Butte Formation.

The type section is in the Wernecke Mtns; it corps out also in and to the S/SW of the Rochardson Moutnars. It possibly corresponds to the Sekwi Fm in the Macxkenzie mtns. Lowermost of the Palaeozoic strata west of the Richardson Mountains, angular unconformity at base, overlying various Precambrian strata. Silty limestones and massive dolomites.

The geology of Smith Rocks is volcanic. It is made up of layers of recent basalt flows overlaying older Clarno ash and tuff formations. Approximately 30 million years ago, a large caldera was formed when overlying rock collapsed into an underground lava chamber. This created a huge amount of rock and ash debris that filled the caldera.

Placenta The initial stages of human embryogenesis. The placenta begins to develop upon implantation of the blastocyst into the maternal endometrium. The outer layer of the blastocyst becomes the trophoblast, which forms the outer layer of the placenta. This outer layer is divided into two further layers: the underlying cytotrophoblast layer and the overlying syncytiotrophoblast layer.

Schacht Asse II 490 m level Typically salt mining is structurally unsupported. Stresses produced in the remaining salt structure during construction of the mine voids are accommodated in the overlying rock. Plasticity effects are taken into account as they occur naturally in salt domes. Significant mechanical stress is built up between the surrounding diapir and the mine construction.

The green-leaved red mallee grows in mallee in soils overlying limestone, often with other eucalypts, including E. calcareana, E. gracilis and E. phenax. It is found on the Eyre and Yorke Peninsulas, Kangaroo Island and as far east as Ngarkat in South Australia. There are also a few records in the far west of Victoria.

This is done by taking up one full sett in each pleat, or two full setts if they are small. This causes the pleated sections to have the same pattern as the unpleated front. Any pleat is characterised by depth and width. The portion of the pleat that protrudes under the overlying pleat is the size or width.

Satellite image of burning tropical peat swamp, Borneo. In 1997 alone, 73000 ha of swamp was burned in Borneo, releasing the same amount of carbon as 13-40% of the mean annual global carbon emissions of fossil fuels. The majority of this carbon was released from peat rather than overlying tropical rainforest. Wooded bog in Lahemaa National Park, Estonia.

The Sudbury Basin structure is located in Greater Sudbury at the erosional boundary between the Archean Superior province and the overlying sequence of early Proterozoic continental margin deposits.The original url used showed the entire article as a PDF. It doesn't seem to work when the url is typed into Google. The url=ftp:// geo.igemi.troisk.ru/archive/Geophysics/geo2000/geo65n06/geo6506r18901899.

The inner spur taking the form of a hollow vesicle which is black inside, with an aperture near its base. The first two joints of tarsi bent, and produced outwards into a thin curved corneous (horn-like) wing, forming a shield overlying and protecting the modified spur, the terminal joint of tarsus and ungues very minute.

The Middle Allochthon is similar, but contains Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks, many of which show glacial origins. The Sarv Nappe—the highest thrust sheet—contains dolerite from 600 million years ago. The overlying Seve Nappe formed along a continent-ocean transition, with mafic and ultramafic meta- igneous rocks. These rocks were buried to a depth of 60 kilometers.

The overlying Lower Anhydrite Member consists of microcrystalline anhydrite with minor beds of fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite. The Zama Member at the center consists of fragmental carbonate, and is overlain by the Upper Anhydrite which consists of interbedded microcrystalline anhydrite and fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite. The Bistcho Member at the top is a fragmental carbonate unit.

Pilomatricoma, is a benign skin tumor derived from the hair matrix. These neoplasms are relatively uncommon and typically occur on the scalp, face, and upper extremities. Clinically, pilomatricomas present as a subcutaneous nodule or cyst with unremarkable overlying epidermis that can range in size from 0.5-3.0 cm, but the largest reported case was 24 cm.

Overlying the Moenkopi Fm is the Chinle Fm, which has produced some isolated Phytosaur teeth from the Muddy Mountains, some associated bones of Metoposaurs from the Spring Mountains, and abundant petrified wood where ever else it is exposed. These unit record the transition from tidal flats to swamping fluvial environments in southern Nevada during the Triassic.

Just to the west of the ridges is Hilbert W, a crater with a smaller crater overlying the western rim, giving it a pear-like shape. Hilbert H is a circular, bowl-shaped crater in the east part of the floor. Next to the northern rim is Hilbert Y. There are also many lesser craterlets scattered about the interior.

Lake Fidler is a meromictic lake beside the Gordon River in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area of the west coast of Tasmania, Australia. The lake has a layer of fresh water overlying an anoxic salt water layer. The meromictic lakes and ponds of the Gordon River were discovered by D. A. Hodgson and Professor Peter Tyler.

Sandstone beds overlying mudstone become coarser the further up one goes in the sequence. Mudcrack-like structures can also develop when the sand is exposed to the air. Some rivers flowing into the basin create deltas along the edges of lakes. Lockatong deltas produced sandstone beds with climbing ripple cross-bedding, a specialized sedimentary structure indicative of decelerating water.

These basin depositions were mainly deep-sea submarine fans. Key strata include the Turnpike Bluff Formation, the Beardmore Group, and the Skelton Group. The Beardmore orogeny occurred during the Late Proterozoic, and is recognized in the central Transantarctic Mountains, with Cambrian limestones unconformably overlying deformed strata. Associated igneous activity resulted in batholiths (620 Ma) and pyroclastics (633 Ma).

Also known as "Great-upon-Little", this natural landscape formation is in a wooded area southwest of the village, near the road to Ardingly. It is an exposed outcrop of sandstone with a harder band overlying a soft stratum at ground level. The lower stratum has weathered significantly, making the upper section overhang like the cap of a mushroom.

Debswana also maintains a 100-bed hospital, pre-primary and primary schools for employees' children, and the Orapa game park. The mine maintains an ISO 14001 certificate for environmental compliance, and places some importance on water conservation and waste management. The preserved Cretaceous (Turonian) lake sediments overlying the pipe are an important locality for fossil insects.

The lack of craters suggests that its surface there is less than 100 million years old and hence that Pluto is probably geologically active. Subsequent data indicated that features near the edges of the region show evidence of ice flow such as glaciers, and light material overlying the darker material at the eastern edge of Cthulhu Macula.

MTConnect provides a RESTful interface, which means the interface is stateless. No session must be established to retrieve data from an MTConnect Agent, and no logon or logoff sequence is required (unless overlying security protocols are added which do). Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is recommended for discovery services. Version 1.0 was released in December 2008.

This erosional contact is between the underlying youngest Igneous suite of rocks of Precambrian age and overlying oldest sedimentary sequence of late Proterozoic to Eocene age. Its geological significance led to it being declared a National Geological Monument. The igneous cycle has three phases namely, the volcanic, plutonic and hypabyssal. The eruption is reported to be of fissure type.

The artery is closed using suture and a patch to increase the size of the lumen. Hemostasis is achieved, and the overlying layers closed with suture. The skin can be closed with suture which may be visible or invisible (absorbable). Many surgeons place a temporary shunt to ensure blood supply to the brain during the procedure.

Pressure release could have caused the exfoliated granite sheets shown in the picture. In pressure release, also known as unloading, overlying materials (not necessarily rocks) are removed (by erosion, or other processes), which causes underlying rocks to expand and fracture parallel to the surface. Intrusive igneous rocks (e.g. granite) are formed deep beneath the Earth's surface.

There are four distinct terranes from west to east. While the coastal mountains date to less than 3 million years ago, the farther inland High Cascades are as old as 7.5 million years. Granite batholiths, overlying sedimentary rock, and volcanic rock were crumpled into the massif of southwestern Oregon and northwestern California.Irwin, Snoke, and Barnes, p.

The Azufrera stage edifice was subject to the most alteration; especially in the summit area and between the Angulo and Azufrera summits lie sulfur rich talus deposits. The central part of the complex is heavily altered by fumarole activity. Hydrothermal alteration may be driven by the formation of a deep magma reservoir and resulting hydrothermal circulation in overlying rocks.

The economic importance of laterites comes from the mining of metals, particularly nickel and aluminium. Bauxite is an aluminium-rich laterite variety, which is commercially in demand. Bauxite patches are found with laterites overlying for a thickness varying from about . Worldwide resources inventory indicates that laterites are a major source of nickel and account for 70% of resources.

Picnic Island is a small, privately owned, rocky island, with an area of about one hectare, part of the Schouten Island Group, lying close to the eastern coast of Tasmania near the Freycinet Peninsula. It is composed of sandstone overlying granite.Brothers, Nigel; Pemberton, David; Pryor, Helen; & Halley, Vanessa. (2001). Tasmania’s Offshore Islands: seabirds and other natural features.

The oldest rocks exposed at or near the surface of Lincolnshire are the sandstones and mudstones of the early Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group. Rocks from this and the overlying Mercia Mudstone and Penarth groups occur in the northwest of the county and along its western border but are generally concealed beneath a thick cover of recent deposits.

Diapirs or piercement structures are structures resulting from the penetration of overlaying material. By pushing upward and piercing overlying rock layers, diapirs can form anticlines, salt domes and other structures capable of trapping petroleum and natural gas. Igneous intrusions themselves are typically too hot to allow the preservation of preexisting hydrocarbons.Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary, on-line at .

Infiltration galleries may be used to collect water from the aquifer underlying a river. Water from an infiltration gallery has the advantage of bank filtration to reduce the water treatment requirements for a surface withdrawal. An infiltration gallery may also be the best way to withdraw water from a thin aquifer or lens of fresh water overlying saline water.

Cracks and gullies within the cliffs had allowed rain water to percolate through the layers of Purbeck Beds, Portland Limestone and Portland Sand to the underlying impermeable Kimmeridge Clay, and the accumulation of water had weakened the structure between the strata. Because the island tilts to the south and the east, this allowed the overlying strata to slip.

This genus consists of small species with a head without frontal lobes. The shell is ovate, elongated, and imperforate. The radula has a broad, simple median tooth, overlying the bases of the inner laterals. These are subrhomboidal, produced at their outer angles into wings which overlie the bases of the adjacent tooth outward, and have denticulate cusps.

The overlying Portland stone is a distinctive white oolite containing thick shelled fossils and marine algae.Ensom (p.48) The marine algae which formed large reefs, is responsible for the occasional stacked and arched bands in the formation and is best viewed in the Roach, an extremely fossiliferous limestone confined to the north of Isle of Portland.Ensom (pp.

Endoscopic image of GIST in fundus of stomach, seen on retroflexion. Same GIST seen on forward view of the endoscope showing overlying clot. CT scanning is often undertaken (see the radiology section). The definitive diagnosis is made with a biopsy, which can be obtained endoscopically, percutaneously with CT or ultrasound guidance or at the time of surgery.

The benthic boundary layer, which includes the bottom layer of water and the uppermost layer of sediment directly influenced by the overlying water, is an integral part of the benthic zone, as it greatly influences the biological activity that takes place there. Examples of contact soil layers include sand bottoms, rocky outcrops, coral, and bay mud.

Volcano-dominated rises, such as the Bell Regio, have volcanoes atop the topographic rise. Rift-dominated rises are uplifted by rifting and thinning of the lithosphere and include the Beta Regio and the overlying Theia Mons. In a coronae-dominated rise, uplift is caused by the gravitational collapse and extension of a magma chamber, and include the Themis Regio.

Berg's tuco-tuco (Ctenomys bergi) is a species of rodent in the family Ctenomyidae, named after the Latvian-Argentine biologist Frederico Guillermo Carlos Berg. It is endemic to northwestern Córdoba Province in central Argentina. Its habitat is grassy areas overlying sand dunes. The species is threatened by the degradation and severe fragmentation of its small habitat.

A Syrah made from grapes from Boushey vineyard. Boushey Vineyard is actually composed of 5 locations, all near each other and Dick Boushey's home in Grandview. Across these locations the elevation varies from 800–1400 feet and include a diverse range of vineyard soils. The highest blocks of the Boushey Vineyard feature relatively shallow silt loam overlying fractured basalt.

Erosion created cliffs at Miradouro da Lua. The geology of Angola includes large areas of Precambrian age rocks. The west of the country is characterized by meta-sedimentary rocks of Proterozoic age including tillites assigned to the Bembe System. Overlying these are a thick pile of limestones and other marine sediments laid down during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.

Simplified stratigraphy of the Angoumian The Angoumian is usually divided into two formations, a lower Angoumien inférieur and an upper Angoumien supérieur. Some authors even attribute the Ligerian (in French Ligérien) to the Angoumian and then call it basal Angoumian. The Angoumian sensu stricto conformably overlies the Ligerian and closes with a hardground towards the overlying Coniacian.

Most patients present with a very rapidly growing mass that often gives a bluish appearance in the mouth. This is because the pigmentation in the cells appears blue through the overlying epithelium (mucosa). By imaging studies, there is usually a large expansive radiolucent (clear) mass without well defined borders. Calcifications within the mass may be seen.

After the formation of Lake Totten, colluvial sediments intensively flowed periodically into the shallow water north of the site, and eventually the reduction of the lake exposed lacustrine mud. This accounts for a one-meter thick alluvial, colluvial, and lacustrine sediments overlying a pedestal of bedrock spanning 5,000 years from 14,510 to 13,000 RCYBP in the late Pleistocene.

The overlying skin or squamous mucosa is intact and uninvolved by the process. There is normal glial tissue set within a fibrous connective tissue stroma. There is such blending, that the underlying process may be difficult to detect without special studies. In a few cases, large gemistocytes, neurons, choroid plexus, ependyma, and retinal pigmented cells may be seen.

Within the northwest part of New Siberia Island, these sediments grade into clays that contain fragments of marine bivalves. Directly overlying the Eocene sediments and another erosional unconformity are sands of Oligocene and Early Miocene age. They contain thin beds of silt, mud, clay, and pebbles. These sands contain fossil plants and lagoonal, swamp, and lacustrine diatoms.

The Luscar Group includes the conglomerate and quartzose sandstones of the Cadomin Formation at the base, and the overlying formations consist of variable amounts of sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. There are major coal seams in the Gates Formation, and minor coal, argillaceous limestone and calcareous shale in the Gladstone Formation. The Moosebar Formation consists primarily of mudstone and shale.

The site employs over 250 people and produces 7.5 million tonnes of limestone annually which is carried directly from the quarry by Mendip Rail. A Geodiversity audit of the site recorded pale to dark grey well bedded Carboniferous Limestone dipping consistently southwards with a small area of overlying horizontally bedded buff-coloured Jurassic oolitic limestone forming an angular unconformity.

The antiforms are connected with near horizontal shear zones, containing nappes of metamorphosed sediments. Younger overlying Paleozoic metamorphosed sediments found over most of Andorra have also been steeply folded. In the south east of the country is an alkaline granite from a batholith called Mt-Louis-Andorra Batholith. It extends into Spain and covers an area of .

Fenestrae is an open or partially filled space occupied by different sediment or cement in the rock. Flame structures is mud shaped like flames that intrude the overlying layer of rock. Convolute folds are complicated folds in beds into irregular anticlines and/or synclines. Flutes are outstretched ridges that are rounded at one end and flared at the other.

The basins' bottom and littoral sediments and their fossils contain geological evidence of the EEI. In the Caspian basin, bottom sediments attributable to the epoch differ from the under- and overlying layers in a number of waysBadyukova E.N. (2000). Genesis of the Khvalynian (Pleistocene) chocolate clays of Northern Caspian region. Buil. Moscow Soc. Naturalists. Sect. geol.

Root resection or root amputation is a type of periradicular surgery in which an entire root of a multiroot tooth is removed. It contrasts with an apicoectomy, where only the tip of the root is removed, and hemisection, where a root and its overlying portion of the crown are separated from the rest of the tooth, and optionally removed.

Tooth hemisection is a type of endodontic surgery in which a root and its overlying portion of the crown are separated from the rest of the tooth, and optionally removed. It contrasts with root resection, where a root is removed while leaving the crown intact, and an apicoectomy, where only the tip of the root is removed.

The second, the smaller section is woodland. In total the site measures . Also known as Edgbaston Park, the site is based on glacial sands and gravels overlying sandstone from the Late Triassic period. Maps from the 18th century show there used to be two ponds on the site but one has now been naturally filled in and overgrown.

The rock outcrop, composed mostly of rhyodacite, is a volcanic plug formed when magma welled up underneath a layer of softer rock and solidified. The softer overlying rock has since eroded away, leaving a distinct, rugged shape. On its east face is a rock formation named Tiki Rock, because of its resemblance to a Polynesian Tiki carving.

In geology, a claypan is a dense, compact, slowly permeable layer in the subsoil having a much higher clay content than the overlying material, from which it is separated by a sharply defined boundary. Claypans are usually hard when dry, and plastic and sticky when wet. They limit or slow the downward movement of water through the soil.

The type series of R. olseni was thought to originate from the Pekin Formation of Montgomery County. Heckert et al. (2012) noted that recent field work has shown that strata formerly assigned to that formation, including the type locality of R. olseni, actually pertain to the overlying Cumnock Formation (located in the Sanford Subbasin, Deep River Basin).

There are difficulties in reconciling how the Red Crag equates with international chronological stages. In particular, the start and end dates are poorly defined due to the general paucity of age-diagnostic stratigraphic indicators and the fragmentary nature of the geology. It can also be difficult to separate the Red Crag from the overlying Norwich Crag Formation.

The escarpment is formed from two distinct bands of Carboniferous limestone: the Glencar Limestone Formation and the overlying Dartry Limestone Formation. These overlie a series of mudrocks known as the Benbulben Shale Formation. Under the cliffs lie a mostly continuous apron of scree and landslipped material. The cliffs are a proposed Area of Special Scientific Interest.

Nasal bridge is the bony part of the nose, overlying the nasal bones, above the part in blue labeled "Cartilage of Septum". The bridge is between the eyes, and just below them. The lower half of the nose is below the bridge. The nasal bridge is the upper, bony part of the human nose, which overlies the nasal bones.

To the south the land is flat and in the mid 19th century there were collieries. The geology of the western part of the township consists of the bunter series of the new red sandstone, with overlying beds of lower keuper sandstone, the eastern part lies on the Middle and Lower Coal Measures of the Lancashire Coalfield.

Italian Garden Trentham Gardens are formal Italianate gardens, part of an English landscape park. The gardens are set within a large area of woodland. Together these currently together cover some 300 acres (1.2 km2). The gardens were designed as a serpentine park by Capability Brown from 1758 onwards, overlying an earlier formal design attributed to Charles Bridgeman.

The Everton Formation is a geologic formation in northern Arkansas that dates to the middle Ordovician Period. Unconformities separate this formation from the underlying Powell Formation and the overlying St. Peter Sandstone Formation. Named for the town of Everton in Boone County, Arkansas in 1907, the Everton Formation is composed primarily of dolomite, limestone, and sandstone.

The geology of the Madeira Abyssal Plain: further studies relevant to its suitability for radioactive waste disposal. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Report 250. Wormley, UK. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, 87pp Immediately overlying the oceanic crust is a layer of hemipelagic sediments. These sediments average in thickness and are expected to consist predominantly of hemipelagic clay.Searle, R.C., 1987.

The high water contents of back-arc basin basalt magmas is derived from water carried down the subduction zone and released into the overlying mantle wedge. Additional source of water could be the eclogitization of amphiboles and micas in the subducting slab. Similar to mid-ocean ridges, back-arc basins have hydrothermal vents and associated chemosynthetic communities.

The Henryetta Coal Formation is a geologic formation in Oklahoma. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period. As of a 1955 government report, the mapped area of the Henryetta mining district included about 168 square miles in Okmulgee County. Coal occurred in the Senora formation in two minable beds: the Morris bed and the overlying Henryetta bed.

In the South Texas subsurface, the age equivalent unit to the Langtry Member is more calcareous than the underlying Upper Eagle Ford rocks, making them difficult to distinguish from the limestones of the overlying Austin Chalk, although an unconformity is found between the Eagle Ford and the Austin Chalk in both South Texas and East Texas.

The country rock at the mine is metamorphosed killas and greenstone overlying the Carn Brea granite. The many lodes on the sett are all crossed by several elvan dykes. The mine's main produce was copper and later tin, arsenic and wolframite,Dines 1956, p.326 also small amounts of the ores of bismuth, cobalt and uranium.

They are also found across the larger part of Carlunie Hill and Berry Hillock together with Kinpurney Hill. The overlying Scone Sandstone forms the hill of Castleward and underlies the low ground of Strathmore to the north. Much of the lower ground around and within the hills is covered by glacial till, a legacy of the last ice age.

The site is particularly significant as it is the only remaining one in the region. It is close to the southern edge of the Middle Inferior Oolite. This is cut out beneath the overlying Upper Trigonia Grit (across the common and to the south). In research terms this shows the effects of earth movements on the local succession.

The Francevillian biota disappears and is absent in the overlying black shale. El Albani attributes this to their extinction. The biota formed with the Lomagundi event, a temporary increase in atmospheric oxygen, and became extinct from marine anoxia when the event ended. The biota represents the first known experiment in multicellularity, with no extant multicellular descendants.

The terminal branches of the zygomatic nerve contain sensory axons which provide innervation to the skin overlying the temporal and zygomatic bones. The zygomatic nerve also carries postganglionic parasympathetic axons. These axons have their cell bodies in the pterygopalatine ganglion. They travel from the ganglion to the zygomatic nerve and then to the lacrimal nerve through a communicating branch.

0.5 metre at Jet Wyke. They reside within the upper part of the Amaltheus margaritatus faunal zone and are collectively referred to as the Penny Nab Member, after a headland c.150 metres east of Staithes Harbour. An unconformity marks transition to the overlying Pleuroceras spinatum zone which covers the more ferruginous upper 6 metres of the formation.

However, due to the semi-arid > climate it only fills intermittently with water. The main land formations > are saline flats that contain shallow soils overlying gypsum, dune fields > that contain relics of Pleistocence sand ridges, and floodplains that are > formed of a quarterly alluvium. The biosphere reserve was established in 1981 and is managed by Parks Victoria.

Discoid lupus erythematosus skin lesions first present as dull or purplish red, disc-shaped flat or raised and firm areas of skin. These lesions then develop increasing amounts of white, adherent scale. Finally, the lesions develop extensive scarring and/or atrophy, as well as pigment changes. They may also have overlying dried fluid, known as crust.

Most soils derived from Sphagnum mosses are Fibrisols. Mesisols are more highly decomposed and contain less fibrous material than Fibrisols (10-40% by volume). Humisols consist mainly of humified organic materials and may contain up to 10% fibre by volume. Folisols consist mainly of thick deposits of forest litter overlying bedrock, fractured bedrock or unconsolidated material.

Gradual onset diseases are more common (85-90% of all diseases leading to a diagnosis of malformation) and are usually due to an increased venous pressure. Other factors such as thrombosis or arachnoiditis can be involved. A bruit (unusual blood sounds) may be heard overlying the spinal arteriovenous malformation. Very occasionally, nevus (moles) or angiolipomas are found.

In this model, Lesser and Greater Himalaya were developed in separate areas during Precambrian to Cambrian, and soon after in late Cambrian to Early Ordovician. Greater Himalaya accreted as an exotic terrane into the Northern India margin and came into contact with Lesser Himalaya. Tethyan Himalaya was later deposited on top of Greater Himalaya as an overlying sequence.

Over time, these concretions weathered from what was overlying rock, and then became concentrated on the surface as a lag deposit. The concentration of spherules in bedrock could have produced the observed blueberry covering from the weathering of as little as one meter of rock.Squyres, S. et al. 2004. The Opportunity Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars.

Agricola describes searching streams for metals and gems that have been washed from the veins. He also suggests looking for exposed veins and also describes the effects of metals on the overlying vegetation. He recommends trenching to investigate veins beneath the surface. He then describes dowsing with a forked twig although he rejects the method himself.

The arguments over air sovereignty at the time factored into one of two main viewpoints: either no state had a right to claim sovereignty over the airspace overlying its territory, or every state had the right to do so. The Paris Convention of 1919 sought to determine this question as part of the process of framing the convention's assumptions, and it was decided that each nation has absolute sovereignty over the airspace overlying its territories and waters. The nations that signed the treaty were: Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, the British Empire, China, Cuba, Ecuador, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, the Hejaz, Honduras, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Roumania, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Siam, Czechoslovakia, and Uruguay. Ultimately, the convention was ratified by 11 states, including Persia, which had not signed it.

Runaway thermonuclear reactions can occur in stars when nuclear fusion is ignited in conditions under which the pressure exerted by overlying layers of the star greatly exceeds thermal pressure, a situation that makes possible rapid increases in temperature. Such a scenario may arise in stars containing degenerate matter, in which electron degeneracy pressure rather than normal thermal pressure does most of the work of supporting the star against gravity, and in stars undergoing implosion. In all cases, the imbalance arises prior to fusion ignition; otherwise, the fusion reactions would be naturally regulated to counteract temperature changes and stabilize the star. When thermal pressure is in equilibrium with overlying pressure, a star will respond to the increase in temperature and thermal pressure due to initiation of a new exothermic reaction by expanding and cooling.

Massive intrusions of granite forced their way into these formations. After ten miles of overlying material was eroded over the last 70 million years, these intrusions became visible throughout the Sierra Nevada. Over the last 50 million years, rivers and volcanoes deposited materials; these built up in thick layers found atop many of the high ridges of the Sierra Nevada foothills.

An eddy correlation instrument measuring oxygen fluxes in benthic environments. The technique has additionally proven applicable under water to the benthic zone for measuring oxygen fluxes between seafloor and overlying water.Berg, P., H. Røy, F. Janssen, V. Meyer, B. B. Jørgensen, M. Hüttel, and D. de Beer. 2003. Oxygen uptake by aquatic sediments measured with a novel non-invasive eddy correlation technique.

Sketched dish structure from the Jack Fork Group. Nearly perfect dish in red, water escape indicated by yellow arrows. Upturned edge of a dish in blue. The subhorizontal dish structure consists of two parts, the dish itself and the [sediment] contained within the dish plus the region stretching up to the bounding surface of the overlying dish(or dishes) above.

The contact of the Shinumo Quartzite with the Hakatai Shale is the only documented unconformity that has been found within the Unkar Group. This unconformity truncates across beds and channel deposits of the Hakatai Shale. The relief at this unconformity is small, being about . The Shinumo Quartzite overlying this unconformity consists of arkosic conglomeratic sandstone that contains quartzite and granite pebbles.

The Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event in the mid Cretaceous deposited shales with an average organic content 6-10%, including samples that have reached over 15% organic content. On average, these shales have thicknesses of 22 meters. Overlying shales provide additional thickness for the source rocks of this system. The maturity levels for the shales range from immature to the main oil window.

Christmas Island consists of an uplifted limestone cap metamorphosed from coral reefs overlying more ancient volcanic andesite bedrock. The underlying seamount lies some southwest of Indonesia, and the isolation by the abyssal zone has led to endemism amongst the marine ecosystem. The park's boundaries extend beyond the low water line. Approximately of the island's shoreline is within the park limits.

Palaeonemertea is an order of primitive nemertean worm. It may be para- or polyphyletic, consisting of three to five clades and totalling about 100 species. These worms have several apparently simple features and, as their name suggests, they are often considered to be the most primitive nemerteans. The primary body-wall musculature consists of an outer circular layer overlying a longitudinal layer.

In case of head injury, a dural tear is likely in case of a depressed skull fracture. A burr hole is made through the normal skull near the fractured portion, and Adson's elevator is introduced. Underlying dura is separated carefully from the overlying depressed bone fragments. The dura that is now visible is carefully examined to exclude any dural tear.

The whole extent of the dural tear is exposed by removing the overlying skull. The ragged edges of the tear are excised. However, care should be taken not to excise too much dura as it may increase the chances for spread of infection into the subarachnoid space. Removing too much dura will also make it difficult to close the tear.

The village is known within the state for its dolomitic limestone quarry, which produces rock. harbor rock, gravel, and a very hard and weather resistant type of marble. The dolomitic limestone is Silurian aged Niagaran Dolomite. Glacial sediments overlying the bedrock in the area consist of a pebbly and cobbly, sandy, silty glacial till known as the Valders Member of the Kewaunee Formation.

White, J. Lloyd. Edison Oil Field: California Division of Oil and Gas, Summary of Operations. 1955. Vol. 41 No. 2, p 5-9 The overlying sedimentary layers are a mix of Holocene, Pleistocene, and Pliocene continental deposits and Miocene marine deposits. Oil pools exist both as lenticular accumulations within the units, trapped by stratigraphy, and as pools in structural traps along fault lines.

The Old Red Sandstone which characterises the Brecon Beacons inland is also present in Gower. The lowermost strata are exposed at the back of Rhossili Bay beneath Rhossili Down. Overlying these are the brown sandstones with thin mudstones of the Brownstones Formation. This formation is unconformably overlain by the Upper Old Red Sandstone, represented in Gower by the Pennard Conglomerate Formation.

The likelihood that melanoma will reoccur or spread depends on its thickness, how fast the cells are dividing and whether or not the overlying skin has broken down. Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. Globally, in 2012, it newly occurred in 232,000 people. In 2015, there were 3.1 million people with active disease, which resulted in 59,800 deaths.

Photomicrographs obtained by SEM showed that the smear layer consists of two confluent components. These were described as a thin superficial layer 1-2 micrometres thick overlying a densely packed layer and a second that penetrated into the dentinal tubules for distances of up to 40 micrometres. The packed material showed finger like structures projecting into the tubules from the canal wall.

The most logical control on these being the fact that the formation has had an influx of fluids most likely from the coastline splaying out into an alluvial fan. The final section of the Gilbert River Formation is baked by the overlying Sturgeon Basalt, and this has created the baked psammite layer at the top of the Gilbert River Formation.

The size of the shell varies between 20 mm and 43 mm. The shell has a black-and-white banded pattern overlying a light grey to white shell. It is very similar to that of the southern ribbed top snail, Austrocochlea constricta, and until recently the two species were considered to be identical. The aperture is less dilated, than in Austrocochlea constricta.

Geology and soil type The village lies mainly on first and second terrace river gravel. Alluvium borders the Great Ouse and Ivel rivers. There are patches of boulder clay, and the eastern and northern parts of the parish are on Oxford clay overlying Kellaways beds. Around the village the soil has low fertility, is freely draining and slightly acid with a loamy texture.

Roman glass cameos are rare objects, with only around two hundred fragments and sixteen complete pieces known, only one of which dates from the later period.Whitehouse, D., Late Roman cameo glass, in Annales du 11e Congres. 1990: Amsterdam. During the early period they usually consisted of a blue glass base with a white overlying layer,Fleming, S.J., Roman Glass; reflections on cultural change.

The effects of the oldest orogeny, the 2005–1960 Ma Glenburgh Orogeny, although known only from the southern end of the complex, reflect a period of substantial granite magmatism and intense deformation and metamorphism. The Neoproterozoic Edmundian Orogeny mainly consists of the reactivation of earlier formed faults in the Gascoyne Complex, along with folding and faulting of the overlying Edmund and Collier basins.

This detachment separates it from the underlying Yellow Band. The lower five metres of the Qomolangma Formation overlying this detachment are very highly deformed.Myrow, P.M., N.C. Hughes, M.P. Searle, C.M. Fanning, S.-C. Peng, and S.K. Parcha, 2009, "Stratigraphic correlation of Cambrian Ordovician deposits along the Himalaya: Implications for the age and nature of rocks in the Mount Everest region".

Radiocarbon dating of terrestrial plant macrofossils directly overlying the youngest tephra deposit suggest an early Holocene age for this volcanic material. Because Level Mountain has received little scientific study and it is debated on whether or not Holocene volcanic rocks are present, the volcano is a possible source for these tephra deposits along with Hoodoo Mountain, Heart Peaks and the Mount Edziza complex.

Accessed 16 October 2006 Other risk factors include low-lying placenta, anterior placenta, congenital or acquired uterine defects (such as uterine septa), leiomyoma, ectopic implantation of placenta (including cornual pregnancy). Pregnant women above 35 years of age who have had a Caesarian section and now have a placenta previa overlying the uterine scar have a 40% chance of placenta accreta.

The basal strata (Kawau Subgroup) are from the early Miocene (Otaian) and range in thickness from 10–45 m. These basal lithologies are varied and different from the overlying flyish basin. They overly the Te Kuiti Group sediments and the Mesozoic basement. This subgroup includes the Papakura Limestone, Tipakuri Sandstone Formation and the Cape Rodney Formation (greywacke conglomerate and breccia).

Elevation The village centre at above sea level overlooks lower lying land to the west that falls to . Tempsford Road has a 14% gradient. The highest point is at White Wood to the northeast of the village. Geology and soil type The village itself lies on Lower Greensand whilst the western area of the parish is on Oxford Clay overlying Kellaways beds.

The Esperance Plains region, with agricultural areas in yellow, and native vegetation in green The region's topography consists of a plain that rises from near sea level to an altitude of about 200 metres (700 ft), broken in places by outcrops of granite domes and quartzite ranges. The soil is Eocene sediments overlying clay or ironstone gravel derived from the Albany-Fraser Orogen.

It shows a section of Red Chalk and White Chalk overlying Lias. A shelter has been constructed to protect the quarry face from erosion. The reserve is situated on the western edge of the Yorkshire Wolds, one mile south-east of Goodmanham and two miles from Market Weighton. The site, which was designated a SSSI in 1952, has over 150 plants recorded.

The insular cortex is divided into two parts: the larger anterior insula and the smaller posterior insula in which more than a dozen field areas have been identified. The cortical area overlying the insula toward the lateral surface of the brain is the operculum (meaning lid). The opercula are formed from parts of the enclosing frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes.

The otolith organs include the utricle and the saccule. The otolith organs are beds of sensory cells in the inner ear, specifically small patches of hair cells. Overlying the hair cells and their hair bundles is a gelatinous layer and above that layer is the otolithic membrane. The utricle serves to measure horizontal accelerations and the saccule responds to vertical accelerations.

It therefore can be assumed that the variscan spatial organisation of the southern Armorican Massif also continued into the northern Aquitaine shelf. Furthermore, this seems to imply that the same or very similar deformation patterns continued right into the Cenozoic. The fractures/shear zones affecting the variscan basement must have been reactivated and consequently left their imprint on the overlying Mesozoic sedimentary cover.

The Coyote Mountains range consists of uplifted metamorphic basement rocks overlain by younger volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The peaks and mountain ranges are primarily Paleozoic and Jurassic basement rocks, which consist of marble, schist, and gneiss. This metamorphic basement rock and overlying volcanic and sedimentary rocks have been uplifted and exposed due to seismic activity along the Elsinore Fault Zone.

The Aachen Formation consists of glauconite bearing sand. It was deposited during the Santonian and Campanian ages (85.8 to 70.6 million years ago) of the Cretaceous Period. The formation rests unconformably on top of Carboniferous rocks of the Limburg Group, which are more than three times as old. Overlying the Aachen Formation is the Vaals Formation, also part of the Chalk Group.

Kieselkalk is also known as the Helvetic Siliceous Limestone. It has sedimented during the Lower Cretaceous epoch. It can contain up to 40% of very fine (1-10 μm), evenly distributed authigenic quartz crystals. Early diagenetic dissolution of opal sponge spicules led to silica enrichment of interstitial waters, which reprecipitated silica in the overlying horizons, forming tiny quartz crystals in pore spaces.

Osteomyelitis (OM) is an infection of bone. Symptoms may include pain in a specific bone with overlying redness, fever, and weakness. The long bones of the arms and legs are most commonly involved in children, while the feet, spine, and hips are most commonly involved in adults. The cause is usually a bacterial infection, but rarely can be a fungal infection.

A horst from the Early Cretaceous splits the Lambarene-Chincoua basement rocks and divides the overlying western sedimentary basin in two. The eastern, interior basin is made of a mix of lacustrine and continental sedimentary rocks, while marine sediments are common in the western basin, from the Cretaceous to as recently as the Quaternary in the past 2.5 million years.

These are inter-spaced with claystones, olive to grey fine-grained sandstone, and reddish-brown to maroon shales. In the overlying Katberg Formation, alluvial fans containing braided low sinuosity river channels comprising mainly coarse-grained sandstone appear. These sandstones form either single and multi-storey channel sandstones and crevasse-splay sandstones. The dominance of sandstones is diagnostic of the Katberg Formation.

To the east lies the village of Stonnall and a large area of green belt land. The geology of Brownhills comprises mainly red clay marl overlying Triassic sandstone and deposits of coal. The town is on several fault lines, the main one being the Vigo Fault, a branch of the larger Eastern Boundary Fault, which runs from Birmingham to Rugeley.

Schouten Island as viewed from the top of Mount Freycinet Schouten is a rugged island with the highest point, Mount Storey, above sea level. It is surrounded by cliffs, broken by sheltered bays. A north-south fault line divides the island where the eastern part of the island is composed of granite while the western part is dolerite overlying sedimentary and supergroup rocks.

Clay Cutans form by the coating of ancient open spaces by colloidal materials that were eluviated down from overlying horizons - and are commonly stained by iron oxides such as hematite. While the originally openings are commonly lost through geologic time and diagenesis, the cutanic fabric remains as evidence. Cutans also often contain relics of nodules and skeleton grains. Retallack, G.J., 1988.

The Bluestone Formation is a geologic formation in West Virginia. It is the youngest unit of the Upper Mississippian-age Mauch Chunk Group. A pronounced unconformity separates the upper boundary of the Bluestone Formation from sandstones of the overlying Pennsylvanian-age Pocahontas Formation. Two formally named subunits of the Bluestone Formation, the Bramwell and Pride Shale Members, are quite fossiliferous.

Conformable contact of overlying Tuscarora Formation (white rock, left) with underlying Juniata Formation (red rock, right) at the Narrows along U.S. 30 in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. There is one named member of the formation: Castanea, occurring at the top, leaving the Lower and Middle Tuscarora Formation at the bottom. This formation has been called the "White Medina Sandstone" in West Virginia.

Herbert, C. & Helby, R. (eds) 1980, A Guide to the Sydney Basin, Dept. of Mineral Resources, Geological Survey of NSW, bulletin no. 26. Due to its hilly topography, the plateau was slow to develop. It has two main sedimentary rock layers: Hawkesbury sandstone, consisting mostly of sandstone, but with some shale, and the overlying Ashfield Shale, which supports richer vegetation.

Some sources also identify the overlying Wellington Formation, predominantly a mudstone, as a Dwyka Group equivalent. The Ecca Group, the second of the four groups in the Karoo Supergroup, is represented by the Wellington (alternatively assigned to the Dwyka Group), Swartrant (Vryheid Formation equivalent), and Grooteguluk Formations. The Swartrant Formation is predominantly mudstone derived from a mafic source. It includes some coal.

Two-thirds of the west of the state are underlain by lignite, which was mined for fuel by Native Americans and by American explorers, Lewis and Clark. Before 1902, mining was done by hand limited by more than 10 feet of overburden. However, the introduction of heavy equipment increased mining efforts. In areas, old mine shafts have collapsed, pitting the overlying landscape.

The Grayling Formation unconformably overlies the Permian Fantasque Formation. It is equivalent to the lower Montney Formation in the subsurface of the Peace River plains and to the Phroso Siltstone Member of the Sulphur Mountain Formation in west-central and southwestern Alberta. Its contact with the overlying Toad Formation is gradational. The Toad Formation is conformably overlain by the Liard Formation.

The Strand Fiord Formation on west-central Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut consists mainly of basaltic lava flows and agglomerates. Souther established a type section for this formation near the western tip of the Kanguk Peninsula. The overlying Kanguk Formation was named after its locality. It comprises dark grey shale and siltstone with subordinate sandstone and some local thin bentonitic and tuffaceous beds.

In Flinders-style preservation, the overlying sediment always has a larger grain size than the sediment layer beneath. Because sediments with smaller grain sizes are more fluid, these can be squeezed up into a void that forms as organic material begins to decay. This model, proposed by Mary Wade in 1969, has found experimental support from cardboard-containing Death Star ice cubes.

Sump 1 alone is almost enough to fill an Olympic-size swimming pool. Consistent with landfill practices at that time, no liner was installed at the site. Waste disposal design features such as liners, cellular division of waste, and leachate collection systems were not installed. Instead, the waste materials were placed directly onto the Bay Mud and soils overlying bedrock.

The book pushes for a unity between environmental, human, and animal occupations of space. Echo of Space creates an overlying dreamlike analogy between architecture and an animal world, offering insight into architectural space from a uniquely Japanese perspective. Echo of Space/Space of Echo was first published in 2009, 139 pages, contains colour photographs, text in Japanese with English translations by Kumiko Yamamoto.

This nudibranch lays small clusters containing several hundred egg capsules on branches of its host coral. The morphology of the veliger larvae that hatch from these eggs suggest that they are planktonic. Juveniles feed on the soft tissue overlying the skeleton of the sea fan while adults feed on the polyps. Within its range, the distribution of Tritonia hamnerorum is very patchy.

Abanico Formation () is a thick sedimentary formation exposed in the Andes of Central Chile. The formation has been deposited in a timespan from the Eocene to the Miocene. Abanico Formation's contact with the overlying Miocene Farellones Formation has been the subject of differing interpretations since the 1960s.Godoy, 2012 A small part of the formation crops out in the Mendoza Province of western Argentina.

Overlying the Lincomb Tarns Formation are rocks of the Esk Pike Sandstone Formation. On Red Screes these are found high on the northern ridge. In this area the formation consists of alternating thick pebbly sandstone beds and thin beds of finer-grained sandstone and mudstone. These represent a return to water-borne sedimentation in an environment of rivers and lakes.

Overlying these across much the larger part of the 'national park' are silts and clays of Flandrian age, which together with peat deposits form the broad flats of the Waveney, Yare, Bure and Thurne valleys. Extraction of the peat in historic times, and subsequent flooding of the workings, has resulted in the pattern of broads for which the area is widely known.

Daylighting a tunnel is to remove its "roof" of overlying rock and soil, exposing the railway or roadway to daylight and converting it to a railway or roadway cut. Tunnels are often daylighted to improve vertical or horizontal clearances—for example, to accommodate double-stack container trains or electrifying rail lines, where increasing the size of the tunnel bore is impractical.

The highest surge-current rated film capacitors are film/foil capacitors with a metal foil construction. These capacitors use thin metal foils, usually aluminum, as the electrodes overlying the polymer film. The advantage of this construction is the easy and robust connection of the metal foil electrodes. In this design, the contact resistance in the area of the schoopage is the lowest.

A Neolithic settlement, belonging to the Linear Pottery Culture (c. between 7.500–5.500 years ago) overlying the Palaeolithic layer was first recognized during geological sondages by Hess von Wichdorff in 1927(3). He noted surface finds and the outlines of several living structures. During the course of the investigation, large numbers of pottery shards and several lithic axes were recovered.

Hydraulic fracturing uses between of water per well, with large projects using up to . Additional water is used when wells are refractured. An average well requires of water over its lifetime. Back in 2008 and 2009 at the beginning of the shale boom in Pennsylvania, hydraulic fracturing accounted for (less than 0.8%) of annual water use in the area overlying the Marcellus Shale.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer typically manifests as a rapidly enlarging neck mass. Associated redness and swelling of the overlying skin sometimes occur. ATC commonly causes symptoms by compressing local structures, such as the esophagus, carotid arteries, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and trachea. This compression of local anatomic structures may cause symptoms such as difficulty controlling the voice, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, or trouble breathing.

Where there are thick superficial deposits overlying the trace of the faults, the resulting surface effects are typically more discontinuous. Where there is little or no superficial deposits, the surface rupture is generally continuous, except where the earthquake rupture affects more than one fault, which can lead to complex patterns of surface faulting, such as in the 1992 Landers earthquake.

Sedimentary Geology 188-189, p. 36-67. Groundwater has gained access to Prairie Evaporite Formation along its eastern and southern margins, dissolving and the halite and other soluble minerals. That process, which is ongoing today, produced a breccia that consists of fragments of overlying formations that collapsed when their support was removed, as well as insoluble material from within the Prairie Evaporite itself.

The overlying gable includes a group of Johann Martin von Wagner. It represents Athena as protector of the plastic arts. The exterior walls are adorned with sculptures in niches, while the windows are open to the interior courtyard. The sculptures represent mythical or historical representatives of the arts, these are in the front of the Königsplatz Daedalus, Prometheus, Hadrian, Pericles, Phidias and Hephaestus.

They are a regolith breccia consisting mostly of eucrite and diogenite fragments, although carbonaceous chondrules and impact melt can also occur. The rock formed from impact ejecta which was later buried by newer impacts and lithified due to the pressure from overlying layers. Regolith breccias are not found on Earth due to a lack of regolith on bodies which have an atmosphere.

This deformation may have been a result of the coupling between the subducting Farallon plate and the overlying North American plate. Crustal thickening occurred due to Laramide compression. After the Laramide Orogeny and until 20 Ma, a major period of volcanic activity occurred throughout the southwestern United States. Injection of hot magmas weakened the lithosphere and allowed for later extension of the region.

Cambridge University Press. Over time, these concretions weathered from what was overlying rock, and then became concentrated on the surface as a lag deposit. The concentration of spherules in bedrock could have produced the observed blueberry covering from the weathering of as little as one meter of rock.Squyres, S. et al. 2004. "The Opportunity Rover’s Athena Science Investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars".

Wisdom teeth are also classified by the presence of symptoms and disease. Treatment of an erupted wisdom tooth is the same as any other tooth in the mouth. If impacted, treatment can be restoration, local treatment to the infected tissue overlying the impaction, extraction or coronectomy. The upper left (picture right) and upper right (picture left) wisdom teeth are distoangularly impacted.

The site is located on a peninsula on the western side of Lake Petexbatún.Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.386. In the Late Classic a series of defensive ditches were excavated across the base of this peninsula in order to fortify the site. The peninsula possessed deep fertile soils overlying limestone bedrock and gave easy access to the rich aquatic resources of the lake.

The formation consists of variegated mudstone and is assigned to the lower (bentonitic) Chinle Group.Stewart et al. 1972. The Salitral extensively intertongues with the underlying Shinarump Conglomerate (formerly known in the Jemez as the Agua Zarca Sandstone) and pinches out in the Abiquiu area and in the southern Jemez, where the overlying Poleo Formation rests directly on the Shinarump.Lucas et al.

Crested Butte is a laccolith, formed when magma intruded into Mancos Shale approximately 30 million years ago. Subsequently the softer, overlying sedimentary rock has eroded away, exposing the more resistant igneous rock. The bulk of Crested Butte is composed of quartz monzonite porphyry and granodiorite porphyry. The lower slopes consist of Mancos Shale overlain with debris from the granitic slopes above.

The upper edge of the orbit also has a prominent raised boss formed by the frontal. Behind and below the orbit lies the very large and blocky jugal. It is textured by prominent bumps, ridges, and pits, though these features are less pronounced than those of Doswellia. The overlying squamosal was also simple in shape and textured by long ridges and depressions.

Overlying the hemipelagic sediments, are alternating turbidites and thin beds of pelagic sediment. These sediments initially in filled irregularities on the uneven surface of the heimipelagic sediments to produce a flat plain that later turbidites accumulated. The total thickness of turbidites that have accumulated averages in thickness. In a few deep troughs within the oceanic crust, the total thickness of turbidites may reach .

The temperature of the core is approximately 1,000 degrees Celsius higher than that of the overlying mantle. Plumes are postulated to rise as the base of the mantle becomes hotter and more buoyant. Plumes are postulated to rise through the mantle and begin to partially melt on reaching shallow depths in the asthenosphere by decompression melting. This would create large volumes of magma.

The Pacific Plate is moving north-westward direction at a speed of ~5.5 cm per year. Periodic volcanic events have led to magma eruption onto the seafloor, forming seamounts. The last known volcanic activity was at Axial Seamount, which is currently directly overlying the hot spot. The total magmatic flux from the Cobb Hot Spot is about 0.3 cubic m/yr.

Molecular polymerization, resulting from high pressures and temperatures produced by overlying sediment, transforms the resin first into copal. Sustained heat and pressure drives off terpenes and results in the formation of amber. For this to happen, the resin must be resistant to decay. Many trees produce resin, but in the majority of cases this deposit is broken down by physical and biological processes.

Eemian lake sediments fill depressions, i.e. ice wedge casts and thermokarst lakes, which developed by the surficial thawing during Eemian interglacial climates of Saalian ice-wedges and other permafrost. In some locations, the Eemian lake deposits are thicker and laterally continuous enough to form a complete blanket overlying older sediments. The Eemian sediments contain fossils indicative of an interglacial environment.

Curry and Hay Moors is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest adjacent to the Tone. They form part of the complex of grazing marshes known as the Somerset Levels and Moors. The low-lying site is situated adjacent to the River Tone which annually overtops, flooding the fields in winter. Soils are predominantly alluvial clays overlying Altcar series peats.

The island which lies 280 metres from the shore of western Cyprus has been uninhabited since the 14th or 15th century. It has an area of 26000 square metres and rises 21.65 metres from sea level. Geologically the island consists of a hard calcarenite crust of Pleistocene marine terraces overlying a soft marl core. The toponym "Holy Island" is an ancient one.

Class A airspace is generally the airspace from 18,000 feet (3.41 miles) mean sea level (MSL) up to and including flight level (FL) 600, including the airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles (NM) of the coast of the 48 contiguous states and Alaska. Unless otherwise authorized, all operation in Class A airspace is conducted under instrument flight rules (IFR).

The suprapineal recess is an anatomical structure in the ventricular system of the brain. It is located in the posterior part of the third ventricle, overlying the cerebral aqueduct. In severe cases of hydrocephalus with increased pressure, this structure can dilate causing mass effect on the midbrain resulting in Parinaud's Syndrome with bilateral inward and downward deviation of the eyes.

211-213 The structure was discovered using seismic reflection data in the 1960s, although the initial interpretations were distorted due to zones of high gas saturation in the overlying Cenozoic rocks causing low seismic velocities. However, the high porosity of the reservoir rock does cause an increase in seismic amplitude which can be used with an isopach map to determine net pay.

Rhynie, Scotland. The Rhynie chert is an Early Devonian sedimentary deposit exhibiting extraordinary fossil detail or completeness (a Lagerstätte). It is exposed near the village of Rhynie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; a second unit, the Windyfield chert, is located some 700 m away. The Rhynie chert contains exceptionally preserved plant, fungus, lichen and animal material preserved in place by an overlying volcanic deposit.

The overlying Alston Formation extends south from the Scottish border along the coastal strip before turning inland through Alnwick towards Greenhead. It plays host to the intrusive Whin Sill. Besides a few inliers further north, the main outcrop of the Stainmore Formation stretches from the coast south of Craster towards Hexham and west along the valley of the South Tyne.

During neural induction, noggin and chordin are produced by the dorsal mesoderm (notochord) and diffuse into the overlying ectoderm to inhibit the activity of BMP4. This inhibition of BMP4 causes the cells to differentiate into neural cells. Inhibition of TGF-β and BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling can efficiently induce neural tissue from human pluripotent stem cells, a model of early human development.

Estimated recovery of Tern oilfield is of oil. The oil has a gravity of 34°API. Structurally, it is a triangular uplifted block of the Brent Group bounded by NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW trending faults and sealed by overlying Kimmeridge Clay (the dominant source rock, with debated contributions from the much deeper Old Red Sandstone) and Shetland Group mudstones.

No Ediacaran fauna has been found in the Welsh Terrane to date. The age of the Bryn-teg Volcanic Formation is constrained by Lower Cambrian foraminifera in overlying beds. The Playsolenites cooperi are only otherwise known in the Placentian of SE Newfoundland.D. McIlroy, O. R. Green, M. D. Brasier, Palaeobiology and evolution of the earliest agglutinated Foraminifera: Platysolenites, Spirosolenites and related forms.

The Quarry exposes the Upper Bathonian Athelstan Oolite and also the overlying Forest Marble. These are limestones of the Jurassic Period which was laid down 160 million years ago. This is considered the best example in the Tetbury area of the development of the Athelstan Oolite. This particular exposure is important in facies and stratigraphic interpretation of the Bathonian rocks.

Hawks Crag Breccia, Hawks Crag, Buller River Unconformably overlying the basement rocks west of the Alpine Fault is a terrestrial sequence that represents Zealandia's progressive movement away from Gondwana. The Hawks Crag Breccia formed from erosion off fault scarps. It is also New Zealand's best source of Uranium. These are then overlain by coal measures formed in swamps from the continued extension.

Echaurren et al., 2016, p.103 of the El Mirador Formation,Echaurren et al., 2016, p.102 and Quaternary alluvium overly the Collón Curá Formation in the Cañadón Asfalto Basin.Echaurren et al., 2016, p.105Echaurren, 2017, p.102 In the Collón Curá valley, the formation covers Paleogene sediments of the Huitrera and Cerro Petiso Formations and in places overlying crystalline basement.

The Kootenai Formation is a Lower Cretaceous geologic formation. The Kootenai was deposited in a foreland basin east of the Sevier thrust belt in western Montana. The lithology consists of a basal conglomerate with overlying non- marine sandstones, shales and lacustrine limestones.Decelles, P. G., Sedimentation in a tectonically partitioned, nonmarine foreland basin: The Lower Cretaceous Kootenai Formation, southwestern Montana, GSA Bulletin, 1997, v.

The insular cortex is divided into two parts: the larger anterior insula and the smaller posterior insula in which more than a dozen field areas have been identified. The cortical area overlying the insula toward the lateral surface of the brain is the operculum (meaning lid). The opercula are formed from parts of the enclosing frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes.

White spruce growing in the riparian zone of the Sautauriski River, Québec White spruce occurs on a wide variety of soils, including soils of glacial, lacustrine, marine, and alluvial origins; overlying basic dolomites, limestones and acidic Precambrian and Devonian granites and gneisses; and Silurian sedimentary schists, shales, slates, and conglomerates (Halliday 1937).Halliday, W.E.D. (1937). "A forest classification for Canada." Can. Dep.

Xenolechia ontariensis is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Manitoba to Texas, as well as Arizona and possibly California.Xenolechia at funetmothphotographersgroup The wingspan is about 12 mm. Adults are similar to Xenolechia querciphaga, but the ground colour is whitish-grey and the overlying wing colour is distinctly browner.Calif. Dept. Agric.

This section of the Bay had water up to deep, overlying soft mud deep, which in turn was overlying harder, compacted mud. The compacted mud was deemed sufficiently strong to support the weight of the freeway, but it was hoped that excavation of the soft mud layer could be avoided by dumping fill at a sufficient rate, later calculated to be per day. The experiment was deemed a success, and the remaining of causeway was put out for bid in 1954, awarded in 1955 to Guy F. Atkinson Co. By that time, over of fill had already been placed. Meanwhile construction had progressed south from San Mateo through San Carlos, with that segment completed in 1954, and continuing on into Redwood City (Marsh Road relocation, July 1958), Menlo Park (Willow Road Interchange, 1956), and Palo Alto (June 1958).

In the West Area, oil is present in the overlying Sisquoc Formation in several sand units, in stratigraphic traps – pinched out within less-permeable units – while deeper oil is trapped in the structural trap of the faulted Las Flores anticline, within the fractured shale of the Monterey Formation. The most productive portions of the Cat Canyon field are along and northeast of the southeast-to-northwest trending Las Flores anticline, the surface expression of which is the crest of the Solomon Hills. The Gato Ridge anticline to the southeast has a similar function with respect to that detached part of the oil field. Overlying the oil-bearing rocks of the Sisquoc and the Monterey formations, throughout the field, are several layers of less permeable, non-oil-bearing rocks, including the Foxen, Careaga, and Paso Robles formations.

In these volcanoes alkaline lavas are erupted in the post-shield stage but Macdonald is clearly a developing volcano, and further research is needed to explain the chemical history of Macdonald. These magmas in the case of Macdonald were derived from the partial melting of spinel-lherzolite and further influenced by fractional crystallization and carbon dioxide, but with no influence of the overlying plate.

117(11–12): 1573–95. The Hakatai Shale consists of purple, reddish-purple, reddish-orange, and pale purple or lavender mudstone, sandy siltstone, siltstone, and arkosic sandstone. The brightly colored slopes of the Hakatai Shale contrasts sharply against the grayish outcrops of the Bass Formation. The sloping exposures of the Hakatai Shale also contrast greatly with the steep cliffs formed by the overlying Shinumo Quartzite.

The dam itself can be composed of moraine, glacial till, or a lip of the underlying bedrock. The fluvial cirque or makhtesh, found in karst landscapes, is formed by intermittent river flow cutting through layers of limestone and chalk leaving sheer cliffs. A common feature for all fluvial-erosion cirques is a terrain which includes erosion resistant upper structures overlying materials which are more easily eroded.

The reticular dermis is the lower layer of the dermis, found under the papillary dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue featuring densely packed collagen fibers. It is the primary location of dermal elastic fibers. The reticular region is usually much thicker than the overlying papillary dermis. It receives its name from the dense concentration of collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers that weave throughout it.

As sediment transport and deposition continues, new sediments are deposited atop previously deposited beds, burying them. Burial continues and the weight of overlying sediments causes an increase in temperature and pressure. This increase in temperature and pressure causes loose grained sediments become tightly packed, reducing porosity, essentially squeezing water out of the sediment. Porosity is further reduced by the precipitation of minerals into the remaining pore spaces.

These approaches, however, are temporary fixes in that all they do is cover up the firestain: over time, it will almost always reemerge through the thin layer of overlying metal deposit. The only long-term techniques to prevent the appearance of firestain are through its time- consuming physical removal or preventing its formation in the first place (which is often expensive and requires specialized equipment/ gasses/ tools).

Madygenerpeton, like other chroniosuchids, has osteoderms, or bony plates, overlying its spine. These osteoderms interlock with each other and connect to their associated vertebrae on the spinal column. They are wide and have curved or peaked surfaces. On the upper surface of the front end and the lower surface of the back end of each osteoderm there are facets covered in concentric ridges and furrows.

Further preparation of fossil specimens showed that the 'second legs' were buried at an angle to the plane along which the rock had split, and could be revealed by removing the overlying sediment. Ramskold and Hou also believe that the blob-like 'head' is actually a stain that appears in many specimens, not a preserved portion of the anatomy. This stain may be an artefact of decomposition.

A brinicle is limited in size by the depth of the water, the growth of the overlying sea ice fueling its flow, and the surrounding water itself. In 2011, brinicle formation was filmed for the first time. The salinity of the liquid water within the brinicle has been confirmed to vary depending on the temperature of the air. The lower the temperature, the greater the brine concentration.

Special Paper no. 489, Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado. Within the Unkar Group, the upper contact of the Shinumo Quartzite with the Dox Formation appears to be gradational and is marked by a change in topographic expression and color. The basal of the Dox Formation directly overlying Shinumo Quartzite consists of predominantly dark green to black, fissile, slope-forming shale that contains thin sandstone beds.

To the east of Russell is Briggs, and to the southeast, adjacent to Struve, is the lava-flooded remains of a crater called Eddington. The rim of Russell is heavily worn and irregular in form, with multiple crater impacts overlying the wall. The largest of these is Briggs A on the eastern rim. To the north of Russell are the flooded remnants of several smaller craters.

The coastal cliffs are formed from the Lower Devonian sandstones ascribed to the Yesnaby Sandstone Group - a set of geological formations restricted to the Yesnaby area, and to the overlying beds of the Lower Stromness Flagstones. Fossil stromatolites from 390-400 million years ago can be found in the cliffs in the latter. They are locally known as Horse Tooth Stones from a supposed resemblance.

At the dorsal end of the neural tube, BMPs are responsible for neuronal patterning. BMP is initially secreted from the overlying ectoderm. A secondary signaling center is then established in the roof plate, the dorsal most structure of the neural tube. BMP from the dorsal end of the neural tube seems to act in the same concentration-dependent manner as Shh in the ventral end.

The valley of Windy Creek is broad and gravel filled. Along the sides of the valley, back from the creek bed, the gravel extends up the slopes, forming some well-marked gravel benches. A cut bank of the creek shows of muck overlying of gravel. Igloo Creek, also called on some maps Lewis Creek, enters the American River a few miles above its junction with the Agiapuk.

Stone Wall is an escarpment overlooking the Murchison River Gorge about north- east of Kalbarri in Mid West Western Australia. It is of geological interest because it provides outstanding exposures of five Cretaceous formations unconformably overlying the Ordovician Tumblagooda sandstone. The Cretaceous formations contain trace fossils of Skolithos and Cylindricum. It has been visited on geological excursions and is considered an important research site.

Shorea micans is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin (micans = gleaming) and refers to this species shiny leaves. It is a low emergent to main canopy tree, found in mixed dipterocarp forest on soils overlying ultrabasic rock. S. micans is endemic to the island of Borneo, found only within the Malaysia Sabah section of the island.

Large-cell carcinoma (LCC), like small-cell carcinoma (SCC) is very rare and only accounts for about 5% of all cervical cancers. Early-stage LCC are extremely aggressive and difficult to diagnose due to the sub-mucosal location of the tumor and intact overlying mucosa. As with SCC, in LCC early cases are asymptomatic. Later stages present with irregular bleeding, vaginal spotting, discharge, and pelvic pain.

Neuroplastic or neuroplastic and reconstructive surgery is the surgical specialty involved in reconstruction or restoration of patients who undergo surgery of the central or peripheral nervous system. The field includes a wide variety of surgical procedures that seek to restore or replace a patient’s skull, face, scalp, dura (the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord), the spine and/or its overlying tissues.

The 'V' shaped intrusion of land into the Bay that is spearheaded by Table Rock Point is referred to as the Beaumaris 'Peninsula'. The Beaumaris cliffs to the north east of Table Rock are formed by the steeply folded rock layers known as the Beaumaris Monocline, which is considered to be of Tertiary age overlying older structures.Singleton, F.A. (1941). The Tertiary geology of Australia. Proc.

As a result, the floor plate then also begins to secrete SHH, and this will induce the basal plate to develop motor neurons. During the maturation of the neural tube, its lateral walls thicken and form a longtitudinal groove called the sulcus limitans. This extends the length of the spinal cord into dorsal and ventral portions as well. Meanwhile, the overlying ectoderm secretes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP).

Blocky 'a'a and ropy pāhoehoe flows characterized the fluid and effusive nature of volcanism at Level Mountain during the mafic shield- building stage. Lava flows of the mafic shield-building stage comprise four sub-horizontal units. Initial volcanism produced a thick sequence of columnar jointed alkali basalt flows and altered grey-green vesicular basalts which form the lowest unit. Subsequent activity deposited the overlying second thick unit.

The Elisabeth Bay Formation, alternatively spelled as Elizabeth Bay Formation, is an Early Miocene (Aquitanian to Burdigalian, around 21 Ma) geologic formation in the Sperrgebiet, ǁKaras Region of southwestern Namibia, overlying the Blaubok Conglomerate.Dauteuil et al., 2018, p.6 The freshwater green and red siltstones, sandstones, intercalations of conglomerates and claystones of the formation were deposited in a fluvial environment,Elisabeth Bay Formation at Fossilworks.

A geonet is a geosynthetic material similar in structure to a geogrid, consisting of integrally connected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at various angles for in-plane drainage of liquids or gases. Geonets are often laminated with geotextiles on one or both surfaces and are then referred to as drainage geocomposites. They are competitive with other drainage geocomposites having different core configurations.

Weems originally described this layer as lacking fossils, although later studies argued otherwise. Overlying the Stagg Creek Member was what Weems called the Falling Creek Member (late middle Carian). As sediments began to slow down the rivers of the Stagg Creek Member, lacustrine (lake) deposits began to form. Rivers still managed to flow into the now dominant lakes from different directions, depositing a diverse assortment of sediments.

From 2008 through 2010 Encana accumulated a "large land position" (250,000 net acres) at an "average $150/acre" in the Collingwood Utica shale gas play in Michigan's Middle Ordovician Collingwood formation. Natural gas is produced from the Collingwood shale and the overlying Utica shale. The Michigan public land auction took place in early May 2010 in one of "America's most promising oil and gas plays".

The spinal cord is made from part of the neural tube during development. As the neural tube begins to develop, the notochord begins to secrete a factor known as Sonic hedgehog or SHH. As a result, the floor plate then also begins to secrete SHH, and this will induce the basal plate to develop motor neurons. Meanwhile, the overlying ectoderm secretes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP).

East Beckwith Mountain is a laccolith, formed when magma intruded into Mancos Shale approximately 30 million years ago. Subsequently the softer, overlying sedimentary rock has eroded away, exposing the more resistant igneous rock. East Beckwith Mountain is one of over a dozen laccoliths in the West Elk and adjacent Elk Mountains. Of these laccoliths, East Beckwith Mountain is noted for its distinctive glacial landforms.

In children, optic disc drusen are usually buried and undectectable by fundoscopy except for a mild or moderate elevation of the optic disc. With age, the overlying axons become atrophied and the drusen become exposed and more visible. They may become apparent with an ophthalmoscope and some visual field loss at the end of adolescence. ODD can compress and eventually compromise the vasculature and retinal nerve fibers.

Bowen later described it as a massive limestone overlying the Keyser Formation.Bowen, Z.P., 1967, Brachiopods of the Keyser Limestone (Silurian-Devonian) of Maryland and adjacent areas: Geological Society of America Memoir, 102, 103 p. C. R. Wood first mapped it as part of the Old Port Formation in Pennsylvania.Wood, C.R., 1980, Summary groundwater resources of Centre County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey Water Resource Report, 4th series, no.

Woodland was far more extensive on the North Downs prior to human clearance 5000 to 4000 years ago. Fragments still remain particularly where the layer of clay-with-flints overlying the chalk has inhibited clearance. Where this is the case species such as pedunculate oak predominate, although much woodland has been replanted with conifer and sweet chestnut. Lady orchids growing in calcaerous woodland and scrub, Denge Wood.

Cabannes is a lunar impact crater that lies in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. The rim has been worn by subsequent impacts, with a smaller crater overlying the southern rim. However the formation has not been significantly reshaped by nearby craters. The satellite crater Cabannes J is attached to the southeast rim, and lies between Cabannes and the heavily impacted crater Berlage.

Red soil is a type of soil that develops in a warm, temperate, moist climate under deciduous or mixed forest, having thin organic and organic-mineral layers overlying a yellowish-brownleached layer resting on an illuvium red layer. Red soils are generally derived from crystalline rock.They are usually poor growing soils, low in nutrients and humus and difficult to cultivate because of its low water holding capacity.

The oldest rocks exposed at the surface in Suffolk are the mudstones and sandstones of the Gault and Upper Greensand formations which are to be found only in the extreme northwest of the county west of Lakenheath. Overlying these deposits and to their east are the rocks of the Chalk which are divided into the lower i.e. older Grey Chalk and the upper i.e. younger White Chalk.

A more plausible theory is that the elastic stresses remained in the rock when the boulder fields formed, and the slow weathering rate keeps the stresses from dissipating. A possible source of the stresses would likely be the loading stresses from the time when the rock crystallized. The diabase sill formed at roughly beneath the surface. The overlying column of rock creates severe stresses in rocks.

Barrier beaches and river deltas migrated eastward into the seaway. The resulting 300 to 400 foot (90 to 120 m) thick Mesaverde Formation consists of light-brown to dark-gray thick-bedded and cross-stratified sandstone with interbedded dark gray shale and intertongues with the Masuk Member of the overlying Mancos Shale.Morris et al., 2003, pages 95–96, "Mesaverde Formation" and Billingsley et al.

Aetobarbakinoides is known from neck and back vertebrae, ribs, and several limb bones including the scapula, humerus, tibia, and foot bones. Paramedian osteoderms overlying the midline of the back and neck are also known. Most of the distinguishing features of Aetobarbakinoides are found in its vertebrae. Laterally-oriented projections on the neck vertebrae called prezygapophyses are longer and wider than those of many other aetosaurs.

On the Belcher Islands of southern Nunavut, two volcanic groups are known as the Flaherty and Eskimo volcanics. The underlying Eskimo volcanics are related with the Richmond Gulf, Persillon, Pachi and Nastapoka Group volcanics. The 1,998 million-year-old Minto dikes are also interpreted to be related with the Eskimo volcanics. The overlying Flaherty volcanics remain undated apart from a lead-lead dating of .

Sandpit Hole and Bishop's Lot () is a 1.8 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Ebbor Gorge in Somerset, notified in 1987. This site consists of two of the largest isolated depressions, known as dolines, occurring in the Mendip limestone area, and both appear to have been formed by the limestones being dissolved by subterranean waters and the overlying rocks then collapsing into them.

Another implementation of the media gateway control protocol architecture is the H.248/Megaco protocol, a collaboration of the Internet Engineering Task Force (RFC 3525) and the International Telecommunication Union (Recommendation H.248.1). Both protocols follow the guidelines of the overlying media gateway control protocol architecture, as described in RFC 2805. However, the protocols are incompatible due to differences in protocol syntax and underlying connection model.

The Lam-Lam formation consists of a limestone rich in mollusks and sea urchins, which alternates with a clayey limestone and marl. The limestones contain various foraminiferans, of which Globigerinatheca, Cassigerinelloita and Pseudohastigerina are typical of the Lutetian, around 44 million years ago. Other vertebrates from the Lam-Lam formation are mostly ray-finned fishes. The overlying Taïba Formation contained the remains of an archaeocete whale.

It is so called because of its green colour which is caused by the presence of the mineral glauconite.Ensom (p.62) In the west, overlying the eroded Lias, is a thin layer of Gault Clay which decreases in depth from 27 metres to 7 metres the further west it stretches, and can be located by the spring lines around the chalk ridges and escarpments.Ensom (pp.

Schematic development of the depositional environments in the Araripe Basin Sequence stratigraphy of the Ipubi Formation with respect to the underlying and overlying units late Early Cretaceous (105 Ma) The deposition of the Ipubi Formation represents a transition from a transgressive systems tract to a maximum flooding surface. Six stages in the depositional cycle were described by Fabin et al. in 2018:Fabin et al., 2018, p.

A separate, possibly ceremonial, area was also found at the site. Researchers originally thought that this area was a cemetery site because of the tomb-like concentrations of river cobbles. However, excavations proved that it was neither a cemetery nor a habitation area. A nearby staircase may have connected this portion of the site to the Panteón de La Reina on the overlying ridge.

The contact of the Dox Formation with the overlying Cardenas Basalt is smooth, planar, parallel to bedding, and locally interfingering. In places the sandstones of the Dox Formation have small folds and convolutions that are indicative of soft sediment deformation. In addition, in places, the uppermost of the Dox Formation is mildly baked. A thin lava flow occurs within the uppermost part of the Dox Formation.

Several species have sexual dimorphism, with the females being larger than the males. One exception is with the sperm whale, which has males larger than the females. Odontocetes, such as the sperm whale, possess teeth with cementum cells overlying dentine cells. Unlike human teeth, which are composed mostly of enamel on the portion of the tooth outside of the gum, whale teeth have cementum outside the gum.

Dermatochalasis is caused by a loss of elasticity in the connective tissue supporting the structure of the front portion of the eyelid. Normally, in Caucasians, the orbicularis muscle and overlying skin form a crease near the tarsal border. In dermatochalasis, the excess tissues hangs down, over the front edge of the eyelid. The excess tissue can sometimes obstruct the visual field, especially the superior visual field.

Three large synclinal folds were formed, the Haweswater, Scafell and Ulpha synclines. In all cases, these synclines are thought to be modifications of older volcano-tectonic features. The southernmost part of the BVG sequence and the overlying Windermere Supergroup dip steeply to the south forming the Westmorland Monocline. Continuing to the south a series of upright folds are developed, reducing in amplitude towards the south.

The lofty Hajar Mountains and the drowned valleys of Musandam are dramatic reminders of this. Generally speaking Oman is fairly quiescent tectonically. Musandan experiences occasional tremors as the Arabian Plate collides with the Eurasian Plate. During the Cretaceous Period Oman was located adjacent to a subduction zone and a portion of the upper mantle along with overlying seafloor volcanic rocks were thrust over the continental crust.

There is an alternate idea that early Earth plate tectonics began by vertical movement of the lithosphere, rather than the modern horizontal tectonics. This theory rejects the idea of subduction and arc accretion in the formation of greenstone belts. It suggests that convective overturn due to density differences between the overlying mafic sequence (greenstone) and partially molten granitic middle crust is responsible for the observed formations.

Overlying the Semilir Formation is a thick sequence of massive, resistant, monomict andesitic volcanic breccias, crystal-rich sandstones and minor lava flows of the Nglanggran Formation. The breccia beds are thick and can be mapped for several kilometres. Interbedded crystal-rich sand- stones are much thinner. The breccias are both clast- and matrix-supported with angular fragments commonly across with some blocks up to .

The Brown Dense accumulated on the bottom of a prehistoric stratified Gulf of Mexico. The upper part of the water column was well-oxygenated and subject to frequent algal blooms. Underlying these oxygenated waters and separated by a pycnocline, were anoxic and hypersaline bottom waters, which preserved organic matter as it accumulated. The organic matter consisted of algal material that fell downward from the overlying oxygenated waters.

Its deposits have been found overlying material from the preceding Ipswichian stage and lying beneath those from the following Holocene, which is the stage we are living in today. This is sometimes called the Flandrian interglacial in Britain. The latter part of the Devensian includes Pollen zones I-IV, the Allerød oscillation and Bølling oscillation, and Oldest Dryas, the Older Dryas and Younger Dryas cold periods.

Terraza et al., 2013, p.101 The Pajarito Fault thrusts the Macanal Formation on top of the Fómeque Formation to the east of Lake Tota,Plancha 192, 1998 and the Chámeza Fault thrusts the Macanal Formation on top of the overlying Las Juntas Formation around Chámeza, Casanare.Plancha 211, 2009 The Ubaque Fault forms the contact between the Fómeque Formation and the Macanal Formation,Patiño et al.

Caverna dos Ecos is a remarkable subterranean karstic feature as no other Brazilian cave of similar size is known from similar lithologies, mica schist, quartzite, and marble, with 70% of its volume developed in schists and quartzite. This cave, a geological curiosity, developed originally in limestone, but migrated to overlying mica-schists due to breakdown. Visits can only be made with an experienced guide.

The clay alternates with other subordinate lithologies, notably hard red-weathering beds of ironstone, limestone (Sussex Marble) and sandstones, notably including the calcareous sandstone unit referred to as the Horsham Stone. It has a gradual, conformable contact with the underlying Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation, and has a sharp, unconformable contact with the overlying Atherfield Clay Formation, a shallow marine unit deposited after marine transgression during the Aptian.

The formation's thick bedding, extensive cementation and dolomitisation have made it a generally stable engineering material.Rose (2001), pp. 99–100 Tunnelling has been possible almost throughout the Rock, with the exception of one region where it has been precluded due to high ground water pressures. In some areas, zones of weak rock or intrusions of the underlying or overlying 'shales' have caused tunnel instability.

Geological map of the 350px The geology of the Isle of Wight is dominated by sedimentary rocks of Cretaceous and Paleogene age. This sequence was affected by the late stages of the Alpine Orogeny, forming the Isle of Wight monocline, the cause of the steeply-dipping outcrops of the Chalk Group and overlying Paleogene strata seen at The Needles, Alum Bay and Whitecliff Bay.

At around the third week of development, the embryo is a three-layered disc, covered with ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. A tube-like formation develops in the midline, called the notochord. The notochord releases extracellular molecules that affect the transformation of the overlying ectoderm into nervous tissue. The neural tube, forming from the ectoderm, contains CSF prior to the development of the choroid plexuses.

The holotype of Bayomesasuchus is the most complete crocodyliform specimen recorded from the Cerro Lisandro Formation, and represents the fourth peirosaurid named from the Neuquén Group of Argentina, together with Lomasuchus palpebrosus and Patagosuchus anielensis from the overlying late Turonian to the early Coniacian Portezuelo Formation, and Gasparinisuchus peirosauroides from the even younger Santonian to early Campanian Bajo de la Carpa and Anacleto Formations.

Dinmore Hill Woods is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest in Herefordshire, England. It is an extensive area of mixed native broadleaved woodlands overlying rocks of the Old Red Sandstone. It forms one of the largest continuous blocks of deciduous woodland in this part of Herefordshire. The soils which range from acid to alkaline and front wet to dry gives rise to a diverse woodland structure.

Volcanic material is also found in the overlying Eutaw Formation. Subsidence and sea level rise resulted in the deposition of the chalk and limestone of the Selma Group. Natural gas accumulated in the Selma "gas rock" limestone underlying the Clayton limestone. The structure was noticed by Hopkins in 1917 and a successful gas well was drilled in 1930, but the field was nearly exhausted by 1939.

Lateral to the cuneate fasciculus is the lateral funiculus. Superior to the obex is the floor of the fourth ventricle. In the floor of the fourth ventricle, various nuclei can be visualized by the small bumps that they make in the overlying tissue. In the midline and directly superior to the obex is the vagal trigone and superior to that it the hypoglossal trigone.

Generally the bedrock of the west of the town consists of coal measures, which were exploited by the coal mining industry, while the east is mainly millstone grit. Overlying the bedrock are deposits of glacial sand and gravel, clay, and some alluvial deposits. Ashton Moss, a peat bog, lies to the west of the town and was originally much larger.Nevell (1992), pp. 10–11.

PDF file available on CD from www.consrv.ca.gov. pp. 290, 532 When grouped with the underlying Sespe Formation, because of its high porosity and the presence of an impermeable cap in the overlying Rincon Formation, it is the second-most important producing horizon in Southern California.Keller, Margaret. Ventura Basin Province, U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30, Release 2, one CD-ROM, 19 p.

Mammary gland tumors are the third common type of cancer in older female cats, with the most common symptom manifesting as a lump in the breast tissue. Domestic short-haired cats and Siamese appear to have a higher incident rates. The tumor is typically firm and nodular, and adheres to the overlying skin. Nipples may also appear to be red and swollen, oozing yellowish fluid.

Stratigraphy of Blombos Cave. The hiatus level (DUN) composed of undisturbed aeolian sand overlying the M1 phase is dated by OSL to 69,000 ± 5,000 and 70,000 ± 5000 years BP, while OSL ages ranging from 74,900 ± 4,300 to 72,500 ± 4,600 years BP have been obtained for the upper part of the M1 phase, i.e. the units associated with the Still Bay techno-tradition. Jacobs et al.

In the churchyard are 13 listed structures, each of which is designated at Grade II. To the north and west of the church are walls, stiles and gates. To the south of the south transept is a sundial. This originated as a medieval churchyard cross, whose shaft is sunk into a former mill wheel. On the top are two brass dials, one overlying the other.

The theory is frequent small cracks will spread thermal stress over a wider area than infrequent large joints, reducing the stress on the overlying asphalt pavement. "Rubblization" is a more complete fracturing of the old, worn-out concrete, effectively converting the old pavement into an aggregate base for a new asphalt road. The whitetopping process uses Portland cement concrete to resurface a distressed asphalt road.

Indiana University Press Cedarpelta is known from remains recovered at the CEM and Price River II quarries (PR-2) in eastern Utah; these sites were originally thought to be within the Ruby Ranch Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, but are now assigned to the base of the overlying Mussentuchit Member, dating to between 116 and 109 million years old (approximately the Aptian-Albian boundary).

Aside from triggering mantle melt, this reaction may also trigger partial melting of the subducting slab itself. Phlogopite + Diopside + Orthopyroxene = H2O + Melt Lawsonite remains stable up to 1080 °C and 9.4 GPa. the breakdown of lawsonite releases massive amounts of H2O into the mantle that can trigger partial melting of the slab and of the overlying mantle. The breakdown reaction of lawsonite is listed below.

This is overlain by the Permian White Rim Sandstone. Both are sometimes considered part of the Cutler Formation. Overlying these are the Triassic Moenkopi Formation (which is bounded top and bottom by unconformities), the Chinle Formation, the cliff-forming Wingate Sandstone, the Kayenta Formation, and the crossbedded Triassic-Jurassic Navajo Sandstone.Geologic Map of Canyonlands National Park and Vicinity, Utah, 1982 Edition, by P. W. Huntoon et al.

With the conquest of Italy, prepared viae were extended from Rome and its vicinity to outlying municipalities, sometimes overlying earlier roads. Building viae was a military responsibility and thus came under the jurisdiction of a consul. The process had a military name, viam munire, as though the via were a fortification. Municipalities, however, were responsible for their own roads, which the Romans called viae vicinales.

Thrust advances return to salt sheets as their primary base structure, and form because salt provides a weak detachment layer for faulting systems. When force is applied in such systems, the buried sheet will advance along the hanging wall. There are three driving processes in this type of advance; gravitational pressure of both the salt and overlying sediments, spreading of the margin and general plate tectonics.

Ivö is a place of geological interest as it contains relict landforms and fossils dating to the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous epoch. These features are exposed at a location known as Ivö Klack which was first described geologically by Gerard De Geer in 1889. The locality contains sedimentary rocks overlying basement gneiss and kaolinite. Ivö Klack started operating as a kaolinite quarry in 1886.

The parotid gland receives both sensory and autonomic innervation. General sensory innervation to the parotid gland, its sheath, and the overlying skin is provided by the auriculotemporal nerve. The autonomic innervation controls the rate of saliva production and is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve. The cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic fibres usually lie in the lateral horns of upper thoracic spinal segments (T1-T3).

Marine sediments represent the main sites of OM degradation and burial in the ocean, hosting microbes in densities up to 1000 times higher than found in the water column.Hewson, I., O’neil, J. M., Fuhrman, J. A., and Dennison, W. C. (2001). Virus-like particle distribution and abundance in sediments and overlying waters along eutrophication gradients in two subtropical estuaries. Limnol. Oceanogr. 46, 1734–1746.

The Rich Fountain Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. The Rich Fountain was proposed in 1944 as the equivalent of the lower part of the Jefferson City Formation in a new Jefferson City Group. The Theodosia Formation was proposed as the equivalent of the upper Jefferson City and the lower portion of the overlying Cotter Formation.

The Theodosia Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. The Rich Fountain Formation was proposed in 1944 as the equivalent of the lower part of the Jefferson City Formation in a new Jefferson City Group. The Theodosia Formation was proposed as the equivalent of the upper Jefferson City and the lower portion of the overlying Cotter Formation.

Geologists describe these rocks as platy rhyodacite; they are visible in the cliffs that surround Rainbow Falls. As water rushes over the cliff, it erodes the vertically fractured rhyodacite more easily. A small cavern begins to form at the base of the falls, and the overlying rock loses its support and collapses. This process, known as undercutting, causes the waterfall to recede slowly upstream.

Above these stands Uffington Castle, an Iron Age hill fort (overlying a Bronze Age predecessor) where some of this tribe may have lived. There are also a number of associated burial mounds and there are others further south. Just south of the hill fort the Ridgeway passes through the parish. Ram's Hill seems to have been a Bronze Age cattle ranching and trading centre.

However, electrode designs can be created that can circumvent the effect to a large extent and thus still provide primary muscle data. Moreover, the use of multifrequency measurements can also assist with this process of disentangling the effects of fat from those of muscle. From this information, it also becomes possible to infer/calculate the approximate amount of fat overlying a muscle in a given region.

The Kaunas Castle after the reconstruction of 2011 Protection of the castle began in 1930; nearby houses were demolished, and the territory was examined by archeologists. Further efforts to preserve the castle were made in the 1950s. At this time the round tower underwent some repair; later the firing bastion was excavated from beneath several overlying strata. The excavated bastion was in very good condition.

Plantar fibromatosis is most frequently present on the medial border of the sole, near the highest point of the arch. The lump is usually painless and the only pain experienced is when the nodule rubs on the shoe or floor. The overlying skin is freely movable, and contracture of the toes does not occur in the initial stages. A plantar fibroma right below the 2nd toe.

The pigmented layer of retina or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells.Boyer MM, Poulsen GL, Nork TM. "Relative contributions of the neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium to macular hypofluorescence." Arch Ophthalmol. 2000 Jan; 118(1):27–31. .

The Dunvegan Formation is conformably overlain by marine shales of the Kaskapau Formation in the Peace River Country and overlies conformably and transitionally the shale of the Fort St. John Group. The relationship between the Dunvegan and the overlying/underlying units is diachronous and the boundaries of the Dunvegan are placed at the first and last appearances of sandstone within the shale- dominated succession.

Damage to the peripheral nervous system or central nervous system can result in a decline or loss of pallesthesia. A diminished sense of vibration is known as pallhypesthesia. To determine whether a patient has diminished or absent pallesthesia, testing can be conducted using a tuning fork at 128 Hz by placing it on the skin overlying a bone. This works because bones are good resonators of vibrations.

The clastic beds overlay the TPG sediments, and are separated by angular unconformities. Overlying the MFF clastic sequence are the acidic volcanics of the Kenny Glacier Formation (KGF). This volcanic sequence is a 215 m thick group of rhyolite-dacite lavas, ignimbrites, tuffs, and agglomerates. The acidic dikes and sills which intrude the MFF and TPG sediments may be due to the KGF stratovolcano.

Little of the outer rim of this crater remains intact, and what survives is worn and eroded. The outer rim now forms an irregular ring of peaks, broken in several locations by small craters. The most intact portion of the rim is a small arc along the eastern side. Likewise much of the interior floor is irregular due to overlying impacts or their ejecta.

Ewelme () is a village and civil parish in the Chiltern Hills in South Oxfordshire, north-east of the market town of Wallingford. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 1,048. To the east of the village is Cow Common and to the west, Benson Airfield, the north-eastern corner of which is within the parish boundary. The solid geology is chalk overlying gault clay.

Snailwell Meadows is a 14.8 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Snailwell in Cambridgeshire. The meadows are on peat overlying spring-fed chalk, with a variety of soil conditions. Some areas are dry calcareous pasture, and others are wet neutral and marshy acidic grassland. Herbs include wild angelica, marsh valerian and fen bedstraw, and the nationally rare umbellifer Cambridge milk-parsley is also present.

The cupola sign is seen on a supine chest or abdominal radiograph in the presence of pneumoperitoneum. It refers to dependent air that rises within the abdominal cavity of the supine patient to accumulate underneath the central tendon of the diaphragm in the midline. It is seen as lucency overlying the lower thoracic vertebral bodies. The superior border is well defined, but the inferior margin is not.

II. Eggshell morphology and structure. UCMP Online Exhibits: Fossil Eggshell The inner layer, called the mammillary layer, is made of tightly-packed cones called mammillae. Overlying this layer is the continuous layer, which is four to eight times thicker than the mammillary layer. In elongatoolithids and in Continuoolithus, this layer is distinctive because it is not subdivided into well-defined crystal units (hence the name continuous layer).

The GSSP of the Hirnantian is the Wangjiawan section () near the village Wangjiawan, 42 km north of Yichang (Hubei, China). It is an outcrop of the Wufeng and overlying Lungmachi Formation, the former containing the base of the Hirnantian. Both formations consist mainly of shale and chert. The base is defined as the first appearance datum of the graptolite species Normalograptus extraordinarius in that section.

This transformed the lowest crustal rock from eclogite, a relatively dense rock (3.6 g/cm3) to garnet granulite, which is significantly less dense (2.9 g/cm3). This would have produced the buoyant forces needed to uplift the region.Fillmore 2010, pp.305-306 Whatever the cause of the uplift, it resulted in the erosion of up to a mile of overlying sediments from the eastern Grand Canyon.

Heinrich Harder's reconstruction of Arsinoitherium zitteli in the Oligocene grassland of Jebel Qatrani escarpment. The Jebel Qatrani Formation (also Gebel Qatrani) is a palaeontological and geologic formation located in the Faiyum Governorate of central Egypt. Conformably overlying the Qasr el Sagha Formation. It is exposed namely between the Jebel Qatrani escarpment and the Qasr el Sagha escarpment, north of Birket Qarun lake near Faiyum.

The formation rests on the Brushy Canyon Formation, but the lower tongue fills a few deep paleochannels that cut down through the Brushy Canyon and the underlying Cutoff Formation into the Victorio Peak Formation.Kues and Giles 2004, p.124 A hiatus in deposition, marking a substantial drop in sea level, separates the Cherry Canyon Formation from the overlying Bell Canyon Formation.Kues and Giles 2004, p.

If there is no lithologic discontinuity between the solum and the C horizon and no underlying bedrock present, the C horizon resembles the parent material of the solum. Soil with broken rock fragments overlying bedrock, Sandside Bay, Caithness D horizon D horizons are not universally distinguished, but in the Australian system refer to "any soil material below the solum that is unlike the solum in its general character, is not C horizon, and cannot be given reliable horizon designation… [it] may be recognized by the contrast in pedologic organization between it and the overlying horizons" (National Committee on Soil and Terrain, 2009, p. 151). R horizon R horizons denote the layer of partially weathered or unweathered bedrock at the base of the soil profile. Unlike the above layers, R horizons largely comprise continuous masses (as opposed to boulders) of hard rock that cannot be excavated by hand.

Most of the aquifers in Mauritius are in fractured volcanic rocks, overlying the more impermeable volcanics from the island's formation. The central plateau has high permeability in intermediate volcanics and also receives the highest rainfall. The five main aquifers are the Curepipe-Vacoas-Flic en Flac, Phoenix-Beau Bassin-Moka-Coromandel, Nouvelle France-Rose Belle-Plaisance, Nouvelle Decouverte-Plaine des roches- Midlands-Trou D'eau Douce and Northern Plains.

Its southern end is the narrowest with a width of about . The island's topography is about on the eastern side and on the western part above the mean sea level. Its surface formation consists of coral conglomerate overlying broken pieces of coral and coral sand. The lagoon on the western side of the island extends over a maximum width of covering an area of and the water depth is shallow about .

87(8): 1299–1321. Close-up Major unconformities separate the Unkar Group from the strata overlying and underlying it. First, the Unkar Group, as the bottom unit of the Grand Canyon Supergroup, lies directly upon deeply eroded granites, gneisses, pegmatites, and schists that comprise Vishnu Basement Rocks. Second, an angular unconformity, with a dip of less than 10°, separates the base of the Nankoweap Formation from the underlying Unkar Group.

These are high grade metamorphics, but granitic intrusions are also frequent. In the Neoproterozoic Damara Orogen and Gariep Belt, mineralisation is associated with successive phases of intracontinental rifting (copper, graphite), spreading and the formation of passive continental margins.MME, 2011, p.1 The overlying rocks of the Nama Group in central southern Namibia consist of marine sediments indicating a shallow shelf environment, deposited during the Ediacaran and earliest Cambrian.

Ribbed bog moss grows on organic surface layers overlying varying soil textures. Ribbed bog moss also grows on burned substrates including ash, mineral soil, scorched organic soil, scorched peat, and scorched downed woody debris. Ribbed bog moss grows on peat and other organic soil layers more often than on downed bark or wood, but is reported growing on woody debris or other dead wood in a few locations.

Balaleet () is a traditional sweet and savoury dish popular in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. A popular breakfast choice, it traditionally consists of vermicelli sweetened with sugar, cardamom, rose water and saffron, and served with an overlying egg omelette. It is sometimes served with sautéed onions or potatoes. The dish is especially served during the Islamic holidays of Eid al- Fitr as the first meal of the day.

Owing to the great difference in resistivity between the relatively soft, readily weathering Clinton Group and the massive dolomites of the overlying Lockport, the former tends to erode preferentially out from underneath the latter. This has resulted in the formation of numerous cateracts such as Niagara Falls and the High Falls of Rochester, New York which are but local manifestations of a regional geographic feature called the Niagara Escarpment.

P. polycephalum plasmodium cultivating two "islands" of agar substrate overlying a glass coverslip. Physarum polycephalum growing from an oat flake (center) towards hairy roots of the medicinal plant Valeriana officinalis (left). Physarum polycephalum has been shown to exhibit characteristics similar to those seen in single-celled creatures and eusocial insects. For example, a team of Japanese and Hungarian researchers have shown P. polycephalum can solve the shortest path problem.

The Isakov Terrane is a series of imbricated volcanic and sedimentary units containing ophiolite, which is underlain be volcanics, metamorphics and sedimentary rock. Unconformably overlying it is the Vorogovka group, a series of basins which were thrust over the Isakov. This terrane overlies the Central Angara terrane, having been thrust eastward over it. The Central Angara Terrane is intruded by alkaline granites with NNW trend in the elongated bodies.

14 The third member is a muscovite-rich phyllite with a pearly to greenish gray sheen containing small staurolite and garnet crystals.Montgomery 1953, p.15 The Rinconada Formation is separated from the overlying Pilar Formation by an unconformity representing a gap in geologic time of 200 million years. The Rinconada Formation is interpreted as deltaic, fluvial, and shallow marine deposition of the regressive sequence of a marine transgression.

An outlier of the Lower Old Red Sandstone occurs around the Tomintoul area. Principally Devonian age sandstones, they contain siltstones too and a basal conglomerate. These strata are collected together as the Tomintoul Group and consist of a lower Delnabo Conglomerate Formation, an overlying Raebeg Sandstone Formation and an upper Conglass Sandstone Formation. The lower part of this sequence may be latest Silurian in age.British Geological Survey 1996 ‘’Glenlivet’’.

The Bove Basin covers most of central Guinea-Bissau, filled with thick sequences of sedimentary rock from the Paleozoic. The lowest unit is the 250 to 600 meter thick Pita Group from the Ordovician and early Devonian. The formation has conglomerate sandstones, probably the result of an alluvial plain. The overlying Telimele Group is thought to be from the Late Devonian, due to the presence of graptolite fossils.

Geologically, some coves are windows formed by erosion that penetrated through the overlying thrust sheet, exposing the younger limestone beneath.Harry Moore, A Roadside Guide to the Geology of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1988), 29. Cades Cove and Wears Cove in Tennessee are examples of limestone coves, in which fertile soils have formed on the limestone parent material in the valley bottoms.

Crohn's disease can affect many organ systems beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammation of the interior portion of the eye, known as uveitis, can cause blurred vision and eye pain, especially when exposed to light (photophobia). Inflammation may also involve the white part of the eye (sclera) or the overlying connective tissue (episclera), which causes conditions called scleritis and episcleritis, respectively. Uveitis can lead to loss of vision if untreated.

It consists of a series of subsurface storm drain tributaries (cave/grotto environments) and daylighted flood control channels that have a dual function as habitat for wildlife and wildflowers.. Lower Dominguez Channel, for the last few miles before reaching the ocean harbor, becomes a river estuary mixing freshwater and ocean water together, overlying a wetland soil between uncemented boulder levees that serves as wildlife habitat and wildflower habitat including wetland vegetation.

Slight increases in serum bilirubin can therefore be detected early on by observing yellowing of sclerae. Traditionally referred to as scleral icterus, this term is actually a misnomer because bilirubin deposition technically occurs in the conjunctival membranes overlying the avascular sclera. Thus, the proper term for the yellowing of "white of the eyes" is conjunctival icterus. A much less common sign of jaundice specifically during childhood is yellowish or greenish teeth.

At the start of inspiration this muscle tenses the nasal septum and with the dilator naris widens the nostrils. The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, divides into a medial and a lateral slip. The medial slip blends into the perichondrium of the major alar cartilage and its overlying skin. The lateral slip blends at the side of the upper lip with the levator labii superioris, and with the orbicularis oris.

Falcine meningioma is a meningioma arising from the falx cerebri and completely concealed by the overlying cortex. Falcine meningioma tends to grow predominately into one cerebral hemisphere but is often bilateral, and in some patients the tumor grows into the inferior edge of the sagittal sinus. However, although much information is available regarding meningiomas, little is known about falcine meningiomas.Chung SB, Kim CY, Park CK, Kim DG, Jung HW (2007).

Sanavirón Island () is an island lying off Northeast Glacier, southeast of Audrey Island, Debenham Islands, in Marguerite Bay on the Fallières Coast. It was charted by the Argentine Antarctic Expedition, 1950–51, as two small islands (probably because of overlying ice) and named "Islotes Sanavirón" after the Argentine ship Sanavirón, which was used for the hydrographic survey of the area. The feature has been determined to be a single island.

Various units were earlier referred to as glauconitic or chloritic marls.Hopson, P.M., 2005 A Stratigraphical Framework for the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of England and Scotland with Statements on the Chalk of Northern Ireland and the UK Offshore Sector, British Geological Survey Research Report RR/05/01 (downloaded from www.bgs.ac.uk) This group and the overlying Ulster White Limestone Group are the stratigraphical equivalent of the Chalk Group of southern and eastern England.

The Lanark Group is a late Silurian to early Devonian lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in southern Scotland. The name is derived from the town of Lanark. It consists of sandstones and conglomerates within the Greywacke Conglomerate and Swanshaw Sandstone formations together with a wide range of igneous lithologies within the overlying Pentland Hills Volcanic Formation. The group is itself a division of the Old Red Sandstone Supergroup.

Tutsingle Mountain is a mountain on the Stikine Plateau in northern British Columbia, Canada, located east of Nuthinaw Mountain and northwest of Dease Lake on the northeast side of the Tachilta Lakes. It is a product of subglacial volcanism during the Pleistocene period when this area was covered by thick glacial ice, forming a subglacial volcano that never broke through the overlying glacial ice known as a subglacial mound.

Rift basins are elongated, narrow and deep basins. Due to divergent movement, the lithosphere is stretched and thinned, so that the hot asthenosphere rises and heats the overlying rift basin. Apart from continental sediments, rift basins normally also have part of their infill consisting of volcanic deposits. When the basin grows due to continued stretching of the lithosphere, the rift grows and the sea can enter, forming marine deposits.

Allen, P. (1948) Wealden Petrology: The Top Ashdown Pebble Bed and the Top Ashdown Sandstone. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 104, 257-321. This is overlain by an easily identified very coarse grained sandstone known as the Top Ashdown Pebble Bed, which is considered to be part of the overlying Wadhurst Clay Formation. The Top Ashdown Sandstone is the most persistent marker horizon in Early Cretaceous strata throughout the region.

To the south of the previous area there is the Bükkic unit, which bears the signs of the transitional zone between the Western Carpathians and the Dinarides. Rock of the Bükkic occurs in the north Hungarian mountain Bükk. It consists generally of the Paleozoic shales, carbonates, and sandstones, but also overlying younger Mesozoic carbonates and volcanic rocks. Sedimentation continued to the Jurassic when the nappes of unclear vergence were thrust.

Ascent of the ultrahigh-pressure Western Gneiss Region, Norway. In Cloos, M., Carlson, W.D., Gilbert, M.C., Liou, J.G., and Sorenson, S.S., eds., Convergent Margin Terranes and Associated Regions: A Tribute to W.G. Ernst: Geological Society of America Special Paper 419, p. 171–184. Arrest and spreading of UHP rocks at the Moho (if the overlying plate is continental) is likely unless other forces are available to force the UHP rocks upward.

The basal 50 m consists of medium-dark-gray laminated to thin-bedded calcisiltite with shale partings and interbeds. Overlying 5 m are light-yellowish-gray to olive- gray mudstone and shale. Above this interval are 75 m of laminated calcisiltite with interbeds of thick to very thick bedded calcisiltite. The remainder of the formation is cyclic, consisting of three or four resistant ledges of laminated limestone and shale.

The plant grows in poor, shallow, rocky, sandy, and salty soils, sometimes in thin layers of soil overlying bedrock. It can grow and is common on volcanic soils, such as pumice, lava and andesite. It is a dominant species in some areas, for example, the white pine-mountain hemlock forests and shrublands in El Dorado County, California, and the sagebrush near the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station in eastern Idaho.

The mountains may have formed as long ago as the late Precambrian. These formations were buried by Paleozoic sedimentary strata and are still being uncovered by the erosion of the softer, overlying rocks. Devil's Lake, the centerpiece of Devil's Lake State Park, was formed from terminal moraines blocking access to its outlet, creating what is today an endorheic lake (i.e., a lake lacking a surface outlet to the world's oceans).

Presence at birth is extremely rare and associated with other congenital anomalies such as proximal femoral focal deficiency, fibular hemimelia or anomalies in other part of the body such as cleidocranial dyastosis. The femoral deformity is present in the subtrochantric area where the bone is bent. The cortices are thickened and may be associated with overlying skin dimples. External rotation of the femur with valgus deformity of knee may be noted.

Most commonly, slumping exists in the Sherack Formation, which sits on a less competent formation called the Huot and Brenna Formations. The Sherack Formation is composed of silt and clay laminations, while the Brenna is a clay deposit. These less competent formations become exposed when the overlying Sherack Formation is eroded by the river valley. Cracks can also form in the Sherack Formation, causing weakness in the underlying clay, and slumping.

The Green Schist Formation, a distinctive unit overlying the Awband Formation, consists dominantly of green chlorite schists, and quartz-sericitic schists locally intruded by granodiorites. Some reports consider it as a member of the Awband Formation. Upper Devonian rocks of the Hajigak Formation are faulted against the Green Schist Formation. Strata of Lower Cretaceous and younger age crop out in the south west of the area, unconformable on the older sequences.

The geology of Brunei is primarily made up of Cenozoic rocks overlying deeper rock units on the island of Borneo. Rocks from the Oligocene through the Holocene are up to 15 kilometers thick. The oldest rocks are part of the Meligan Formation and Temburong Formation in the east and are the deformed remnants of floodplain sediments. An unconformity separates the older rocks from younger Middle Miocene and Pliocene rocks.

The Angwa Sandstone is the lowest formation in the Upper Karoo Group of the Karoo Supergroup, underlying the Pebbly Arkose Formation and overlying the Lower Karoo Group. The formation is divided into two members: the Alternations Member and the Massive Sandstone (Chirambakadoma) Member. The Angwa Sandstone has been correlated to the Molteno Formation of the Great Karoo Basin, South Africa, and to the Escarpment Grit of the Mid-Zambezi Basin.

The Cathedral Formation is present in the southern Canadian Rockies of southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. It reaches a maximum thickness of about 610 metres (2000 feet) at Mount Stephen. It is in gradational contact with the underlying Mount Whyte and Naiset Formations, and with the overlying Stephen Formation. To the west, the Cathedral Formation terminates abruptly against the shales of the Stephen Formation at the Cathedral escarpment.

Although there are isolated case reports of placenta accreta being diagnosed in the first trimester or at the time of abortion <20 weeks' gestational age, the predictive value of first-trimester ultrasound for this diagnosis remains unknown. Women with a placenta previa or "low-lying placenta" overlying a uterine scar early in pregnancy should undergo follow-up imaging in the third trimester with attention to the potential presence of placenta accreta.

A new type of cotylosaurian, Owenetta rubidgei. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 19:319–321. Several other localities, all from the overlying Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, have yielded the remainder of the known specimens. The naming of a new species in 2002, O. kitchingorum, extended the temporal range of Owenetta into the Early Triassic, meaning that the genus had survived past the Permian–Triassic extinction event.Reisz, R. R. and Scott, D. (2002).

While the virus does not replicate in these cells, expression of its early genes stimulates proliferation and lateral expansion of the basal cells. As this moves the virus particles into the overlying suprabasal layers, late viral gene expression occurs, enabling replication of the circular viral genome (see figure) and structural proteins. As these are pushed into the most superficial mucosal layers, complete viral particles are assembled and released.

Location of the Iapetus Ocean 550 million years ago. Geological research has revealed a long and complex geological history for the regional now occupied by Louisiana. During the Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian, the supercontinent of Rodinia was beginning to break up. This division created two landmasses, the northern Laurentia, consisting of the continental crust and overlying sedimentary cover of prehistoric North America and the southern Gondwana, which included South America.

The geology of the site is alluvium underlain by river terrace gravels and in turn overlying the London Clay formation. The reservoir is formed by a continuous earthen embankment that encloses the basin. The embankments consist of a central puddle clay core with a selected material adjacent to the core forming a filter. The core is a maximum of wide at the base and tapers to wide at the crest.

It mainly occurs along the coast from Gympie in Queensland south to Sydney. There are also outlying populations at Carnarvon National Park (around 500 kilometres from any other population), Crows Nest and Mount Barney National Park in Queensland, and at Boonoo Boonoo. It mainly grows in sand overlying sandstone, but also occurs in heavier soils. It is usually an understory shrub in open forests and woodlands of Eucalyptus.

The geology of the Massanutten Mountains is dominated by Silurian Massanutten Sandstone, a lateral equivalent of the Tuscarora Formation in the Appalachian Mountains to the west, overlying the Ordovician Martinsburg Formation. Erosion of the Martinsburg shale in some areas of the mountain caused the sandstone to break and slide to form talus slopes. The Massanutten Sandstone is folded in a synclinorium, and it outcrops at the ridge tops.Frye, Keith.

Amastia is often associated with Poland's syndrome, which requires appropriate reconstructive procedure to stabilize chest wall, transfer dynamic muscle and reposition nipple areola region. The treatment of nipple areola relocation provides space for secondary breast enlargement. In this treatment, the tissue expander can be inserted either beforehand or delayed. It can be placed in different parts of body depending on how many overlying soft tissues the patient has.

A view of the Petrified Dunes in Arches National Park, June 2005 The Petrified Dunes are a series of rock formations located in Arches National Park in southeastern Utah, United States. The dunes can be found just off of the park road between the Courthouse Towers and the Windows Area. The formation was produced when ancient sand dunes hardened into stone under the overlying subsequent material, which later eroded away.

The prosthesis is fabricated by an ocularist. Its form is that of a cupped disc so that it can fit comfortably in the pocket behind the eyelids overlying the conjunctiva that covers the orbital implant. The external portion of the ocular prosthesis is painted and finished to mimic a natural eye color, shape and luster. It can be removed and cleaned periodically by the individual or a care giver.

Although gypsum is abundant in the crystal clasts of the overlying Passaic Formation, it is absent in the Lockatong Formation. Some crystal clasts grow perpendicular to the layers, often sending out multiple branches as they radiate from a bedding plane. These radiating crystal clasts ypically form in transgressing shallow lake mudstones, as saline waters penetrate the lakebed and promote crystal growth. Most crystal clasts are more random in orientation and distribution.

The exact origins of liquorice growing in England remain uncertain. However, by the 16th century there is record of the activity, possibly via monastic gardens and as a garden crop for the gentry. During the 17th century it was recorded as being grown in areas with alluvial soil overlying magnesian limestone such as in Surrey, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire. Camden's Britannia of 1637 noted the crop in Worksop and Pontefract.

These pollutants have been shown to affect fetal outcomes. The relationship between hydraulic fracturing and air quality can influence acute and chronic respiratory illnesses, including exacerbation of asthma (induced by airborne particulates, ozone and exhaust from equipment used for drilling and transport) and COPD. For example, communities overlying the Marcellus shale have higher frequencies of asthma. Children, active young adults who spend time outdoors, and the elderly are particularly vulnerable.

Screening for the presence of wisdom teeth often begins in late adolescence when a partially developed tooth may become impacted. Screening commonly includes clinical examination as well as x-rays such as panoramic radiographs. Infection resulting from impacted wisdom teeth can be initially treated with antibiotics, local debridement or surgical removal of the gum overlying the tooth. Over time, most of these treatments tend to fail and patients develop recurrent symptoms.

These rocks of the Borrowdale Volcanic Group give rise to dramatic scenery. The mountainous nature of the area, its high rainfall and the relative impermeability of the rock give rise to a high risk of storm flooding as demonstrated by the 2009 flooding of Cockermouth. The upper boundary of the group is an unconformity with the overlying Windermere Supergroup. The lower boundary is an unconformity with the underlying Skiddaw Group.

Located in the rearmost portion of the skull, the occipital lobes are part of the posterior cerebrum. The lobes of the brain are named from the overlying bone and the occipital bone overlies the occipital lobes. The lobes rest on the tentorium cerebelli, a process of dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. They are structurally isolated in their respective cerebral hemispheres by the separation of the cerebral fissure.

Curry and Hay Moors () is a 472.8 hectare (1168.1 acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Somerset, notified in 1992. Curry and Hay Moors form part of the complex of grazing marshes known as the Somerset Levels and Moors. The low-lying site is situated adjacent to the River Tone which annually overtops, flooding the fields in winter. Soils are predominantly alluvial clays overlying Altcar series peats.

The thin, umbilicate shell has a conical shape. It is ashen, whitish or reddish in color. The surface is lusterless, the dull outer layer very thin, overlying a brilliantly iridescent nacre. The sculpture consists of a rather prominent spiral ridge or carina at the shoulder of each whorl, beneath which, on the peripheral portion of the whorl, there are several (generally 3 to 6) smaller lirae, often subobsolete.

Increased rates of seafloor spreading (i.e. the rate of expansion of the mid-ocean ridge) has caused global (eustatic) sealevel to rise over very long timescales (millions of years). Increased seafloor spreading means that the mid-ocean ridge will then expand and form a broader ridge with decreased average depth, taking up more space in the ocean basin. This displaces the overlying ocean and causes sea levels to rise.

The Geological Survey of Ireland ("GSI") describe Lugnaquilla as a "slate capped, granite rooted, relatively flat-topped mountain". Crags of dark-grey schist protrude from the upper cliff walls of Lugnaquilla's corries which are Ordovician in age. The protrusions of lighter grey rock are granite. The cap of schist overlying Lugnaquilla's granite core is the remnant roof of the magma chamber into which the Lugnaquilla granites were emplaced.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is less specific. The nuclear neuroendocrine marker insulinoma-associated protein-1 (INSM1) has proven to be sensitive as well as highly specific for neuroendocrine differentiation. NETs are often small, yellow or tan masses, often located in the submucosa or more deeply intramurally, and they can be very firm due to an accompanying intense desmoplastic reaction. The overlying mucosa may be either intact or ulcerated.

Pleistocene glaciers further accelerated this process and the larger ones transported the resulting talus and till from valley floors. Numerous vertical joint planes controlled where and how fast erosion took place. Most of these long, linear and very deep cracks trend northeast or northwest and form parallel, often regularly spaced sets. They were created by uplift-associated pressure release and by the unloading of overlying rock via erosion.

Neumann et al., 2003, p.91 Data collected from outcrops and boreholes indicate that the Ipubi Formation is separated from the underlying Crato Formation and the overlying Romualdo Formation by regional unconformities in proximal domains. The lower unconformity separates the top of the Crato Formation, which is mainly represented by its uppermost interval of laminated limestones (C6), from the basal black shales and claystone deposits of the Ipubi Formation.

Glacier surface melt waters tend to migrate to the base of the ice sheet. Once there the water lubricates the interface between the ice and the bedrock. The hydraulic pressure of the water becomes significant - it is driven by surface slope of the overlying ice and by the bed topography. The hydraulic pressure offsets part of the weight of the glacier (the lower density ice tends to be displaced by water).

It was discovered in the upper shale member of the Aguja Formation, among plant, bone, and clam fragments in a bed interpreted as the deposits of a small tributary channel. This bed is just below rocks of the overlying Javelina Formation. Volcanic rocks at about the same level have been dated to 76.9 ± 1.2 million years ago. Angulomastacator is classified as a lambeosaurine, the group of hadrosaurs with hollow cranial crests.

Uranium was discovered in the Orphan copper mine near the south rim of the Grand Canyon in 1950. The mine has been private property since 1906, and is today completely surrounded by Grand Canyon National Park. The discovery led to the finding of uranium in other collapse breccia pipes in northern Arizona. The breccia pipes were formed when overlying rocks collapsed into caverns formed in the Mississippian Redwall Limestone.

Coke ovens at Cokedale, west of Trinidad Bituminous coal mines opened in the Raton Basin in 1873. Walsenburg, Colorado, Trinidad, Colorado and Raton, New Mexico became coal-mining towns. The coal deposits are in the Vermejo Formation (Cretaceous) and overlying Raton Formation (Cretaceous and Paleocene).Ross B. Johnson (1961) Coal Resources of the Trinidad Coal Field in Huerfano and Las Animas Counties, Colorado, US Geological Survey, Bulletin 1112-E.

The lips are composed wholly of soft tissue. The skin of the face is thicker than the skin overlying the lips where blood vessels are closer to the surface. As a consequence, the margin of the lips shows a transition between the thicker and thinner skin, represented by the vermilion border. It therefore has the appearance of a sharp line between the coloured edge of the lip and adjoining skin.

The transition from the top of the Borrowdale Volcanics into the overlying Dent Group is marked by an unconformity. The Dent Group is of latest Ordovician age and forms the lowermost part of the Windermere Supergroup. It was deposited in shallow marine conditions, consisting mainly of calcareous mudstones, siltstones, limestones and shales. There is evidence of continued volcanism, with tuffs locally developed at various levels within the group.

The visceral pleura receives its blood supply from the bronchial circulation, which also supplies the lungs. The parietal pleura receives its blood supply from the intercostal arteries, which also supply the overlying body wall. The costal and cervical portions and the periphery of the diaphragmatic portion of the parietal pleurae are innervated by the intercostal nerves. The mediastinal and central portions of the diaphragmatic pleurae are innervated by the phrenic nerves.

Marine flooding surfaces are a fundamental concept in sequence stratigraphy, where they form the limiting surfaces of parasequences. A marine flooding surfaces is defined as a sharp contact that separates overlying younger strata with deep-water facies from underlying older strata with shallow-water facies. Therefore, marine flooding surfaces indicate a deepening and can display signs of erosion and/or nondeposition resulting in a hiatus or break in the sedimentary record.

The cervical (neck) vertebrae of Jaxtasuchus were characteristically longer than they were high, increasing in size towards the base of the neck. The neural spines were low and rectanglular, but were slightly taller at the base of the neck. The dorsal (torso) vertebrae, on the other hand, had wide neural spines with a roughly textured upper surface. This rough texturing signified where the vertebrae attached to the overlying osteoderms.

Image of the Gulf Stream obtained by the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. The false colors in the image represent "brightness temperature" observed at the top of the atmosphere in the 10.780-11.280 μm band. The brightness temperature values represent heat radiation from a combination of the sea surface and overlying moist atmosphere. Fluorescein in the Chicago River on the St. Patrick's Day (added for celebration, rather than tracing).

While there are no standard criteria for the diagnosis of Grinker's myelinopathy, neuroimaging can be an important diagnostic tool in ruling out other diagnoses. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans can be used to demonstrate a decrease in white matter density in the patient's cerebral hemispheres, with the typical exception of overlying cortices. Unexplained, uniform demyelination of white matter can indicate acute onset Grinker's myelinopathy.

These rocks are overlain by conglomerate and flysch from the Carboniferous, as well as acid tuff and Permian continental conglomerates. By contrast, the Kurama Unit has Proterozoic paragneiss, orthogneiss and granite intrusions in its basement rocks. Isotope dating indicates ages ranging from 1.9 billion to 230 million years ago for the metamorphic rocks. Vendian age sandstone and conglomerate intercalate with basalt, limestone and tuff, unconformably overlying the basement rock.

The southern Archean province is the Superior Craton, it is formed by the combination of a greenstone-granite and a gneiss terrane. The margins of the Canadian Shield have been covered by sedimentary rocks, such as in Michigan where a series of sediments has filled in the Michigan Basin. The exposed sections are often where glaciers have removed this overlying regolith to reveal the underlying glacially scarred crystalline rock.

It had a streamlined body with small, triangular ganoid scales similar to those of the Acanthodii. These scales had a basic structure typical of many early osteichthyans, with a superficial of ganoine overlying dentine, and a basal plate of bone. Cheirolepis had well-developed fins which gave it speed and stability, and was probably an active predator. Based on the size of its eyes, it hunted by sight.

The bottom layer of the pumice is white felsic rich pumice with a darker grey mafic pumice overlying it. These changes represent the increasing vigour of the eruption. The mafic upper part of the deposit reflects the increasing depth of the origin or compositionally zoned magma chamber (mafic lava is denser and settles to the bottom of the chamber as well as crystals which settle out, e.g., olivine).

The Grotte des Demoiselles is thought to have initially been formed by the collapse of overlying limestone, made fragile by water erosion. However, some doubt remains as to the source of the water: it may have been an underground stream that has now disappeared, or it may have been a stream that is now about 300 metres (~980 ft) lower, although no link with the latter has been discovered thus far.

As the salt receded, the overlying rock burden sank with it. Salt Valley, located to the immediate southwest, is an example of the resulting landform. At the edges of the valley, where Devils Garden is located, the cracked rock was slightly pulled apart. Rain and snow soaked into the vertical cracks, which dissolved the cementing minerals and loosened grains of sand to be carried away by running water.

Each of the sides has in the centre a gable of tracery protruding from the top of the porch. The porch on the south side, designed as the entrance to the park, is particularly complicated. Above the gate, a loggia with an overlying terrace leads from the bedroom of the Baroness. The porch's columns on the north front entrance copy the central projection of the south side in a simpler way.

The Whitkow Member at the base, which is present locally in the deepest parts of the basin, consists of coarsely crystalline halite with minor anhydrite. The overlying Shell Lake Member consists primarily of anhydrite interbedded with dolomite. The Leofnard Member at the top consists of halite with minor interbeds of dolomite, anhydrite and mudstone. Additional units are present in the potash-bearing areas of Saskatchewan and North Dakota.

A worker samples potash minerals at a mine in Saskatchewan. Note the thin interbeds of grey claystone. The contact between the Prairie Evaporite Formation and the underlying Keg River Formation (in the north) and Winnipegosis Formation (in the south) is sharp and conformable. The contact with the overlying Watt Mountain Formation (in the north) and Second Red Bed Member of the Dawson Bay Formation (in the south) is sharp and disconformable.

There appears to have been a later rebuilding of the tomb, but this may have been for domestic use as there is no evidence for any later ritual use of the monument. Between 1000 BC and 500 BC the stones were covered by a thick layer of turf. It is estimated that the place was abandoned around 800 BC. Only in 1857 was the overlying 1.5 metres of peat removed.

Water depth influenced the kinds of sediments that were deposited. Rocks formed close to the shore (Sutton Stone and Southerndown Beds) are strikingly different from the Blue Lias, which was deposited at the same time but farther offshore. Sutton Stone consists of massive, white, conglomeratic limestones with pebbles of black chert (silica) and Carboniferous Limestone. The overlying Southerndown Beds are blue/grey conglomeratic limestones and limy sandstones with thin shale partings.

The lake is almost circular in shape and has several smaller lakes located to the west including Lake Kubitch and Carbul Lake. A larger lake, Quallilup Lake is located further to the south near Shelley Beach. The lake and its surrounds are situated in the Albany-Fraser Orogen with alluvial sediments overlying gneiss, sandstone and limestone on a sub-coastal plain. The lake itself is a sub-terminal drainage basin.

Using this date, in correlation with a measured age from the underlying Aguja Formation and the likely location of the K-Pg boundary in the overlying Black Peaks Formation, the Alamosaurus fauna seems to have lasted from about 70–66 million years ago, with the earliest records of Alamosaurus near the base of the Javelina formation, and the latest just below the K-Pg boundary in the Black Peaks Formation.

Horseshoe Falls, part of the Niagara EscarpmentCaprock is a harder or more resistant rock type overlying a weaker or less resistant rock type. Common types of caprock are sandstone and mafic rock types. An analogy of caprock could be the outer crust on a cake that is a bit harder than the underlying layer. In processes such as scarp retreat, the caprock controls the rate of erosion of the scarp.

The field is located in a faulted block of Jurassic and older rocks beneath the Hampshire Basin, close to the steeply sloping monocline in the overlying chalk. The Purbeck Monocline defines the field's southern limit. The field consists of three separate reservoirs known as Bridport, Sherwood and Frome. Bridport, the first discovery, is in the Jurassic Bridport Sands below Poole Harbour, with an oil source in the Lower Lias.

The Lodgepole Limestone was deposited during the Mississippian, followed by the Madison Group and the Big Snowy Group. The Tyler Formation was deposited in the Pennsylvanian, and consists of interbedded sandstone, siltstone, shale, and limestone. The overlying Minnelusa Formation is characterized by deposition in alluvial plains, prograding river delta, and barrier island environments. The Minnekahta Formation was deposited during the Permian, followed by the Spearfish Formation and the Nesson Formation.

Schematic showing concave folded beds pierced by salt structures. Lower image shows a cross section of a possible sub-surface structure. Salt surface structures are extensions of salt tectonics that form at the Earth's surface when either diapirs or salt sheets pierce through the overlying strata. They can occur in any location where there are salt deposits, namely in cratonic basins, synrift basins, passive margins and collisional margins.

See Page 558, part of Chapter XII - Drift of the Triassic Plain. Available via Google Books. The southern part of the ridge displays a significant amount of trap rock, though some underlying red sandstone reaches up to the ridgeline halfway along the border of North Haledon and Hawthorne where quarrying has stripped away overlying trap rock. The majority of exposed trap rock occurs along high mural precipices facing to the east.

However, volcanic rocks as young as only a few thousand years old may exist on James Ross Island. Rocks of the James Ross Island Volcanic Group comprise Surtseyan tuff cones and Strombolian cinder cones, as well as lava deltas and overlying subaerial lava flows. The dominating feature of the James Ross Island Volcanic Group is Mount Haddington, a massive shield volcano of Miocene-to-Pliocene age on James Ross Island.

The Edith Formation consists of a single upward fining sequence, with a gravel base and overlying sandy to muddy floodplain deposits. It is poorly to moderately consolidated and locally cemented brown gravel, sand, and sandy clay. A typical composition for the basal gravel is 30% quartzite and 40% volcanic rock, with smaller amounds of granite and metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. It contains sparse clasts of densely welded Bandelier Tuff.

What affects the behavior of the magmatic system is the depth at which carbon dioxide and water are released. Low solubility of carbon dioxide means that it starts to release bubbles before reaching the magma chamber. The magma is at this point already supersaturated. The magma enriched in carbon dioxide bubbles, rises up to the roof of the chamber and carbon dioxide tends to leak through cracks into the overlying caldera.

Lymphangitis is the inflammation of the lymphatic vessels in response to infection. It occurs early in the course of infection in response to worm development, molting, death, or bacterial and fungal infection. The affected lymphatic vessels become distended and tender, and the overlying skin becomes erythematous and hot. Abscess formation and ulceration of the affected lymph node occasionally occurs during B. malayi infection, more often than in Bancroftian filariasis.

A blanket of unconsolidated Cenozoic sediments blankets most of Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island. These sediments include Paleocene to Eocene colluvial, alluvial, and deltaic gravels, sands, clays, and coals and Oligocene to Miocene alluvial, lacustrine, deltaic, and nearshore marine sands and clays that contain beds and lenses of gravel. Overlying these sediments are Pliocene to Pleistocene colluvial, alluvial, and nearshore marine sands, silts, and clays that contain occasional gravel layers.

During subsequent periods, tertiary rocks were laid down. The Paro metamorphic belt may be found overlying Chasilakha-Soraya gneiss in some places. Silurian metamorphics in other places suggest long denudation of the surface. This was the time of Alpine mountain and large number of "active volcanoes" formation which act as backbone of the Himalayas and much of the movement in the palaeozoic region was probably connected with it.

This helps mitigate the release of phosphorus from the soil to overlying water when the area is reflooded. The soil amendment was applied to about 2,800 hectares (7,000 acres) in the NSRA and was mostly complete in 2009. As infrastructure construction is completed for each phase, a biological assessment is prepared for review and submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). With USFWS concurrence, saturation and restoration flooding begins.

The fine preservation of the distal digits and small, parallel striations (interpreted as drag marks) within Bellatoripes tracks suggests that the track-makers partially withdrew their feet backwards before stepping forward, leaving the overlying sediment undisturbed. This contrasts with what is typically seen in other theropod footprints, where the tips of the digits drag as they are pulled forward, but is similar to the observed movements of ostrich feet during locomotion.

Fibrosarcoma (fibroblastic sarcoma) is a malignant mesenchymal tumour derived from fibrous connective tissue and characterized by the presence of immature proliferating fibroblasts or undifferentiated anaplastic spindle cells in a storiform pattern. It is usually found in males aged 30 to 40. It originates in fibrous tissues of the bone and invades long or flat bones such as the femur, tibia, and mandible. It also involves the periosteum and overlying muscle.

Several species have female-biased sexual dimorphism, with the females being larger than the males. One exception is with the sperm whale, which has males larger than the females. Odontocetes, such as the sperm whale, possess teeth with cementum cells overlying dentine cells. Unlike human teeth, which are composed mostly of enamel on the portion of the tooth outside of the gum, whale teeth have cementum outside the gum.

E. V. Verzhbitsky, M. V. Kononov and V. D. Kotelkin; Plate Tectonics of the Northern Part of the Pacific Ocean; Oceanology, 2007, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 705–717; The Commander Basin floor is a horizontal plain 3800–3900 m deep. It is covered with 2000–6000 m of sediment overlying an oceanic crust which is 12–14 km thick.A. O. Mazarovich; Marginal Seas—Terminological Crisis; Geotectonics; 2011; Vol.

The triangulation station on the top of the hill, with the city of Bath in the distance. The plants and animals which live on Solsbury Hill reflect the habitat provided by grassland overlying the limestone rock beneath. Specialist plants and animals, some of which are rare species, have adapted to the calcareous grassland. Most of the landscape is largely unaffected by agriculture as shown by the yellow meadow ant.

Beneath the Earth's surface, pressure increases with depth due to the accumulation of overlying rock. At a given temperature, a decrease in pressure can result in localized melting. Melting that is caused by a drop in pressure is referred to as decompression melting. Decompression melting can occur in thickened portions of the Earth's crust and may be the result of a variety of processes, including erosion, tectonic denudation, and lithospheric thinning.

60 It was originally thought to be formed during the Ladinian age of the Middle Triassic epoch, in the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era; Marsicano et al. (2016) dated it to early Carnian (235–234 Ma), Late Triassic.Marsicano et al., 2016 2020 U-Pb dating of the lower Los Rastros Formation overlying the Ischichuca Formation yielded an age of 234.47 ± 0.44 Ma, making the Chañares Formation lowermost Carnian.

The Ordovician Iberville Shale was likely deposited in a deeper marine environment and consists of fine-grained clastic materials.[1] Slip surfaces within the Iberville Shale seen at Lone Rock Point often contains calcite slickenlines along the planar thrust surface. Overlying pressure has led to a high degree of vertical faulting and calcite dissolution (white banding) throughout the unit. The top-most layer of the shale has been eroded away.

The overlying Drip Tank Member consists of a coarse-grained fluvial facies thought to reflect a braided river environment. The base of the member often creates a bench at the top of the plateau. The upper contact of the Drip Tank grades into the Wahweap Formation creating sloped interval. The Drip Tank is 141 – 523 feet thick and is mainly composed of yellow to brown medium-grained cross stratified sandstone.

Volkov is a lunar impact crater on the Moon's far side. It is located to the north of the prominent crater Tsiolkovskiy, and east-southeast of Dobrovol'skiy. Overlying the southeastern rim of Volkov is the satellite crater Volkov J, and the two have merged to form a figure-8 shape. The crater Lander is attached to the southwest rim of Volkov J, making this a triple- crater formation.

This causes accelerated mass wasting and easier erosion thereby enforcing the positive feedback Figure 3: This diagram contrasts the crustal strength of a landscape with significant localized erosion(Blue Dashed Line) when compared to an unmodified landscape (Green Dashed Line). The strength profile illustrated in the diagram is only in the brittle zone with an assumed constant increase with depth on the basis of increased pressure with increased overlying mass.

Firstly, due to the brittle nature of crustal rocks and their pressure dependent strength, the decrease in overlying material depresses the crustal strength when compared to surrounding areas. This occurs because the removal of crust decreases the overburden and thus the pressure which influences the strength. Secondly, the geothermal gradient increases vertically. Localized deep valleys create weakest areas that focus strain and thereby the movement of deep ductile material.

Freshwater Bay (previously, Novaia and New harbor) is an inlet in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is situated on the eastern shore of Chichagof Island, Chatham Strait, in the Alexander Archipelago. Overlying rocks of cherty limestones of Silurian age stand nearly vertically and are over thick. On the northeast side of the bay, a thick series of melaphyre lava flows and tuffs are interstratified with limestone of Upper Devonian age.

As well, the isotopic composition of carbonate through time, records the atmosphere loss, and it also reveals whether life once emerged on Mars. The lower part of mesa unit is the basement unit of the Northeast Syrtis region, consisting of Fe/Mg smectites and low calcium pyroxene. The basement unit was partially altered to form kaolinite. The kaolinite (Al-clay) usually overlying the Fe/Mg smectites across the Martian surface.

Presidio Mine Cross Section At the Presidio Mine, which started operation in 1880, the Permian Cibolo limestone formation is overlain unconformably by the Presidio formation, a massive dark-grey Cretaceous limestone. The Shafter limestone rests unconformably on the Presidio formation. Ore deposits are found in the Permian limestone and consist of supergene replacement minerals argentite and cerargyrite along the bedding. Veins and replacement mineralization are present in the overlying Cretaceous beds.

The Hemlock Stone is an outcrop of New Red Sandstone, deposited more than 200 million years ago in the Triassic Period. Approximately high, it is formed of a layer of Nottingham Castle Sandstone overlying a layer of Lenton Sandstone. Both layers are members of the Sherwood Sandstone Group. The Nottingham Castle Sandstone is a medium- to coarse-grained sandstone in which the grains are strongly cemented together by baryte.

Satellite image of subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica. Image credit: NASA A subglacial lake is a lake that is found under a glacier, typically beneath an ice cap or ice sheet. Subglacial lakes form at the boundary between ice and the underlying bedrock, where gravitational pressure decreases the pressure melting point of ice. Over time, the overlying ice gradually melts at a rate of a few millimeters per year.

Most hypotheses propose that oceanic crust was undergoing flat-slab subduction, i.e., with a shallow subduction angle, and as a consequence, no magmatism occurred in the central west of the continent, and the underlying oceanic lithosphere actually caused drag on the root of the overlying continental lithosphere. One cause for shallow subduction may have been an increased rate of plate convergence. Another proposed cause was subduction of thickened oceanic crust.

The narrow-leaved black peppermint grows in shallow, relatively infertile soils overlying shale and slate bedrock usually as part of grassy or sclerophyll woodlands, in association with Eucalyptus andrewsii and Eucalyptus caliginosa. Its distribution is limited to the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, particularly in the Walcha to Tenterfield, area and to the east. The species is sparsely distributed, but most commonly occurs in the central areas of its range.

Additionally, water on the floor of the caverns can contain carbonic acid and generate mineral deposits by evaporation. Growths from the floor upward through this process are known as stalagmites. Different formations of speleothems include columns, soda straws, draperies, helictites, and popcorn. Changes in the ambient air temperature and rainfall affect the rate of growth of speleothems, as higher temperatures increase carbon dioxide production rates within the overlying soil.

As the flow continues, it tends to erode the underlying materials and the overlying ice, creating a channel even as the reduced pressure allows most of the glacial ice to settle back to the underlying surface, sealing off the broad front release and channelizing the flow. The direction of the channel is defined primarily by the overlying ice thickness and secondarily by the gradient of the underlying earth, and may be observed to “run uphill” as the pressure of the ice forces the water to areas of lower ice coverage until it emerges at a glacial face. Hence the configuration of the various tunnel valleys formed by a specific glaciation provide a general mapping of the glacier thickness when the tunnel valleys were formed, particularly if the original surface relief under the glacier was limited. Analyses by Piotrowski demonstrate that the annual production of water from one typical catchment of would normally drain through its associated tunnel valley in less than 48 hours.

As the flow continues, it tends to erode the underlying materials and the overlying ice, creating a tunnel valley channel even as the reduced pressure allows most of the glacial ice to settle back to the underlying surface, sealing off the broad front release and channelizing the flow. The direction of the channel is defined primarily by the overlying ice thickness and second by the gradient of the underlying earth, and may be observed to "run uphill" as the pressure of the ice forces the water to areas of lower ice coverage until it emerges at a glacial face. Hence the configuration of the various tunnel valleys formed by a specific glaciation provides a general mapping of the glacier thickness when the tunnel valleys were formed, particularly if the original surface relief under the glacier was limited. The rapid, high-volume discharge is highly erosive, as evidenced by the debris found in tunnels and at the mouth of tunnels, which tends to be coarse rocks and boulders.

The majority of the tumors are identified in the parotid salivary gland, although the submandibular gland can also be affected. The symptoms are non-specific, but include a mass, frequently rapidly expanding, or ulceration of the skin overlying the mass. In very rare instances, association with other tumors, such as nevus sebaceus and hepatoblastoma are documented. Ultrasound can be used to screen the mass, a technique which can even be performed prenatally.

Unconsolidated alluvial deposits up to 15 meters thick overly many areas of basement rock in Sierra Leone. Along the coast is the Bullom Group, a belt of unconsolidated sands and gravels 10 to 20 meters thick, overlying sands and clays 30 to 80 meters thick. The formation is a moderately productive aquifer. The Saionya Scarp and Rokel River Group form a consolidated, near-surface weathered regolith aquifer in metasedimentary rocks, with low intergranular porosity.

The Redmond Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period. It was a thin (up to thick) and restricted unit traced for in a single mine (Redmond No. 1) in Labrador, overlying Paleoproterozoic rocks, with large amounts of rubble, probably as a result of graben subsidence within the Labrador trough. Argillite facies within the formation have produced a diverse flora and insect assemblage.

The oldest rocks in South Sudan are Precambrian gneiss, metasediments and basic volcanics that form the igneous and metamorphic basement rock that underlies the country and is exposed as 40 percent of its surface. Some Precambrian rocks may be well over two billion years old. However, in most cases they were reactivated and altered in the Neoproterozoic Pan-African orogeny. Northwest South Sudan has the Mesozoic Cretaceous Nubian sandstone overlying basement rock.

This is due to the less dense Dangerous Grounds not having a big enough density contrast compared to the overlying plate. Therefore, with the end to subduction a suture was formed where the proto-South China Sea ceased subduction and the crustal margins came together. The proposed suture lies beneath Mount Kinabalu in northeast Borneo. The subduction zone is generally thought to be about 400 km to the northwest of the suture.

Movement along the Jim Kelly Creek fault ceased and subsequent pyroclastic flows filled and overflowed that edge of the basin. Later, numerous subvolcanic intrusions were emplaced and post-Miocene uplift tilted and warped the overlying volcanic rocks. Erosion removed what may have been extensive volcanic cover from the surrounding area and uncovered the buried domes and intrusions. Today, the Coquihalla Volcanic Complex covers an area of about and the volume of pyroclastic material is .

Under a microscope, biopsies of the affected colon may show mucosal inflammation, characterized by focal infiltration of neutrophils, a type of inflammatory cell, into the epithelium. This typically occurs in the area overlying lymphoid aggregates. These neutrophils, along with mononuclear cells, may infiltrate the crypts, leading to inflammation (crypititis) or abscess (crypt abscess). Granulomas, aggregates of macrophage derivatives known as giant cells, are found in 50% of cases and are most specific for Crohn's disease.

As upward migration continues, the rock overlying the salt has been deformed into anticlines where hydrocarbons may accumulate. Since these salt formations have a wide lateral extent, increased difficulty has been experienced in all phases of exploration. Seismic interpretation below the canopies is more difficult to effectively process. Additionally, drilling costs through the salt formations to reach the underlying rocks serving as potential reservoirs has decreased the economic viability of wells in the region.

These waterways now carry little fresh water as they are mostly cut off from the Ganges, the outflow of which has shifted from the Hooghly–Bhagirathi channels progressively eastwards since the 17th century. This is due to subsidence of the Bengal Basin and a gradual eastward tilting of the overlying crust. The Piyali is heavily silted and most of it has been converted to low cultivated land, leaving only a narrow channel.

Geologically, the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Central form the western and eastern sides of a massive crystalline arch that extends from the Caribbean lowlands to the southern border of Ecuador. The Cordillera Oriental, however, is composed of folded stratified rocks overlying a crystalline core. The Cordillera Occidental is relatively low and is the least populated of the three cordilleras. Summits are only about above sea level and do not have permanent snows.

The cave comprises five sedimentary facies A–E of water-laid sandstone, with A. sediba being recovered from facies D, and more hominin remains from facies E. MH1 and MH2 are separated vertically by at most . Facies D is a , lightly coloured layer overlying flowstone. Small peloids are common, but are fused into large and irregular groups, which indicate they were deposited in a water-logged setting. Peloids may represent faecal matter or soil microbes.

The structure of the Mesa field is relatively simple. Oil was trapped in two anticlinal structures in a band of the porous Miocene-age Vaqueros Sandstone formation, at a depth of between 2,000 and . The two oil accumulations were about two-thirds of a mile apart horizontally, and around the same depth. Trapping the oil was the overlying impermeable Rincon Shale, also of Miocene age, and above that unit is the Monterey Formation.

Meehaz Mountain is a mountain in the Cassiar Country of the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, located on the north side of the headwaters of Teslin River and to the south of the Atsutla Range. It is a product of subglacial volcanism during the Pleistocene period when this area was covered by thick glacial ice, forming a subglacial volcano that never broke through the overlying glacial ice known as a subglacial mound.

From this point upwards, the more distinct fluvial channels are present in abundance. These are primarily fine grained sandstone with infill of more coarse grained material. Interbedded mudstone and shale layers become compressed by the overlying sediments and these compress to become load structures. The channels contain finely laminated mud clasts that have been carried through, and due to being softer sediments, these have preferentially weathered leaving behind imprints of where they once lay.

Lower Cretaceous sites include the Crato fossil beds in the Araripe basin in the Ceará, North Brazil, as well as overlying Santana formation; the latter was near the equator at that time. In Spain, important sites are near Montsec and Las Hoyas. In Australia, the Koonwarra fossil beds of the Korumburra group, South Gippsland, Victoria, are noteworthy. Major sites from the Upper Cretaceous include Kzyl-Dzhar in South Kazakhstan and Arkagala in Russia.

A piece of the Fort Atkinson along Aux Sable Creek in Illinois, showing the coarse texture and multitude of colors. Overlying the Scales Formation is the Fort Atkinson Formation, which has been informally called the Middle or Divine Limestone by drillers. The Fort Atkinson is a dominantly a red, gray, and white coarse crystalline dolomite with thin beds of green and gray shale. It contains many invertebrate fossils, such as brachiopods and abundant corals.

The formation at its type section reaches a thickness of . The formation comprises red mudstones intercalated by thin levels of siltstones and fine well-sorted yellowish to greenish grey sandstones. The formation has similar lithological characteristics as the Lisandro Formation and was deposited in a fluvial environment characterized by sinuous channels. Based on the stratigraphic relations with the overlying and underlying units, the age has been estimated to be early to middle Coniacian.

Although late Jurassic rocks are widespread in the south, unconformably overlying the Precambrian basement and the Hercynian platform, the early Jurassic has not been found anywhere. Red clay, gypsum, anhydrite and sandstone are all typical Jurassic rocks, sometimes reaching thicknesses of up to two kilometers. Except in the southwest, Cretaceous deposits are also common. Marine calcareous rocks are characteristic of the Paleogene in southern and central Moldova, while reef limestone and gypsum records the Miocene.

The cells are attached to each other and to the overlying stratum spinosum cells by desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. The nucleus is large, ovoid and occupies most of the cell. Some basal cells can act like stem cells with the ability to divide and produce new cells, and these are sometimes called basal keratinocyte stem cells. Others serve to anchor the epidermis glabrous skin (hairless), and hyper-proliferative epidermis (from a skin disease).

Overlying part of the Roman town's site, between Watling Street and the river, is an enclosure. It is believed to be an Anglo-Saxon military encampment thrown up after the Battle of Chester (AD 611 according to the Irish Annals). The earthwork was reinforced by masonry recovered from the Roman ruins. Archaeological excavations have uncovered a post-Roman mass grave beneath the defensive earthwork, which may hold Northumbrian casualties of the Battle of Chester.

It can also reach the brain through blood vessels and cause amoebic brain abscess and amoebic meningoencephalitis. Cutaneous amoebiasis can also occur in skin around sites of colostomy wound, perianal region, region overlying visceral lesion and at the site of drainage of liver abscess. Urogenital tract amoebiasis derived from intestinal lesion can cause amoebic vulvovaginitis (May's disease), rectovesicle fistula and rectovaginal fistula. Entamoeba histolytica infection is associated with malnutrition and stunting of growth.

The Somali Current is driven principally by the seasonal monsoon winds. In (Northern) summer (May – September) the southwest monsoon blows along the east coast of Africa and Oman. During the fall it reverses its direction to become a northeasterly wind during (Northern) winter. Before the onset of the monsoon (March–May): During this season, shallow northward coastal current flows with 50–100 km width near the Somali coast, overlying a southward undercurrent.

The cap stage is the second stage of tooth development and occurs during the ninth or tenth week of prenatal development. Unequal proliferation of the tooth bud forms a three-dimensional cap shape. Overlying this cap structure is the ectomesenchyme, which is attached to the mesodermal tissue known as the dental papilla superiorly, and lies within the epithelial concavity. Various types of differentiation occur at this stage; such as cytodifferentiation, histodifferentiation and morphodifferentation.

See Page 66. Available via Google Books The hill is composed of Orange Mountain Basalt, with no overlying Jurassic sediments apparent. Dikes branching south from the vicinity of the outlier appear to be connected to the intrusive igneous Sourland Mountain, an extension of the Palisades Sill.Lewis, Volney J. Annual Report of the State Geologist of New Jersey for the Year 1907 – Part IV: Petrography of the Newark Igneous Rocks of New Jersey.

The bowl-shaped Rehburg Hills were formed by relief inversion. They fall steeply away to the north, but its southern slopes are more gently. The ridge is, from a geological viewpoint, a saddle (the Rehburg Saddle or Rehburger Sattel), which consists of solid rock. The bulging of the saddle occurred as a result of the movement of Malm Salt (not Zechstein Salt) deep underground that forced the overlying, younger layers of solid rock upwards.

Middle Permian The first identification of fossil content of the Cuche Formation was done by Botero, who studied the formation in 1950. Research in the early 1980s revealed the presence of many more fossils in the formation and among the first fossil flora found were species then identified as the genera Ginkgo and Baiera.Mojica & Villarroel, 1984, p.71 The lower units show poorly preserved plant remains and the overlying shales provided arthropods and crustaceans.

Overlying the sandstones is the Neobolus Shale, which is composed of dark shales with a thickness of . Finally there is a zone consisting of red or purple sandstones having a thickness of to called the Purple Sandstone. These are unfossiliferous and show sun-cracks and worm burrows which are typical of subaerial weathering. The deposits in Spiti are known as the Haimanta system and they consist of slates, micaceous quartzite and dolomitic limestones.

The Elbbach's broad lower reaches follow a tectonically created fault (Elzer Graben) which stretches northwards into the community of Dornburg. The Devonian bedrock here is, especially west of the Elbbach, overlain with thick sedimentary fill from the Tertiary (clays, sands, gravels) of which especially the quartz sand has afforded the region some economic importance. Overlying these in turn are layers of Ice Age loess deposits, which have laid the basis for fruitful agriculture.

Cliff erosion, the overlying Red Crag deposit has eroded faster than the London clay baseOriginally, Walton was a farming village situated miles inland. Over the centuries a large extent of land has been lost to the sea due to coastal erosion. The site of the medieval village of Walton now lies nine miles out to sea; its old church finally succumbed in July 1798. Its last service was held on 22 July 1798.

Signs of perichondritis or chondritis in patients with an embedded earring are similar (these include pain, swelling and erythema of the overlying skin) and fluctuant swelling indicate an abscess that we should drain (typically associated with chondritis). Clinically, perichondritis can be differentiated from cellulitis of the pinna, in that the first usually does not involve the earlobe. In serious cases pus appears between the perichondrium and cartilage. Purulent melting of auricular cartilage takes place.

The spermalege has two embryologically distinct parts, known as the ectospermalege and mesospermalege. The ectospermalege is derived from the ectoderm. It consists of a groove in the right-handed posterior margin of the fifth sclerite, overlying a pleural membrane. In order to access the female's haemocoel during traumatic insemination, male bed bugs insert their needle-like penisRyne, C. (2009) "Homosexual interactions in bed bugs: alarm pheromones as male recognition signals," Animal Behaviour, 78, 1471–1475.

In Surrey, superficial deposits from the Quaternary are found overlying the chalk. These sands and gravels indicate the position of a former sea shore. Where these deposits occur, they are thin and the chalk also comes to the surface in the same areas (e.g. Headley Heath on the north east side of Box Hill), allowing acid-loving plants to thrive alongside those that prefer alkaline conditions, producing the rare chalk heath habitat.

Map and stratigraphic column of the Tendaguru Formation The Tendaguru Formation represents the oldest sedimentary unit in the Mandawa Basin, directly overlying Neoproterozoic basement consisting of gneiss. The contact contains a large hiatus, a missing sequence of stratigraphy, spanning the Paleozoic, Triassic and Early Jurassic. The formation is unconformably overlain by late Early Cretaceous sediments of the Makonde Formation, that forms the top of several plateaus; Namunda, Rondo, Noto, and Likonde-Kitale.Bussert et al.

Well bores in the numerous oil and gas fields in the Channel show the Gaviota Formation overlying the Cozy Dell directly, with no intervening Coldwater, excepting the offshore portion of the Capitan Oil Field, in which the Coldwater Formation is present as a natural-gas-bearing unit, underlying the Gaviota.California Department of Conservation, Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR). California Oil and Gas Fields, Volumes I, II and III. Vol. I (1998), Vol.

Brindlee Mountain (or "Brindley Mountain") is an isolated portion of the Appalachian Plateau in northern Alabama. It occupies significant portions of Cullman, Morgan, and Marshall Counties and extends into Winston and Lawrence counties. The plateau is formed by a sandstone cap-rock overlying limestone. The main mountain sits south of Lacey's Spring and houses communities such as Union Hill and Morgan City as well as parts of Union Grove and spans into Arab also.

There are small outward bulges along several sections of the rim, with the most notable bulges being along the eastern and southern sides. The inner wall has slumped around much of the perimeter, producing a sharp edge. The sides are also somewhat worn, with some tiny craterlets overlying the inner wall. Within the rim the interior floor has been resurfaced by lava and is nearly level, with a slight hint of a central mound.

If the water table is high enough dissolved minerals like calcite can percolate through the pores of the eggshell. When the egg is completely filled it can become sturdy enough to withstand the weight of the overlying sediments. Not all fossil egg specimens are of complete specimens, however. Individual pieces of eggshell are much more robust than the entire egg and can be transported intact long distances from where they were originally laid.

The bone of the forehead is the squamous part of the frontal bone. The overlying muscles are the occipitofrontalis, procerus, and corrugator supercilii muscles, all of which are controlled by the temporal branch of the facial nerve. The sensory nerves of the forehead connect to the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and to the cervical plexus, and lie within the subcutaneous fat. The motor nerves of the forehead connect to the facial nerve.

Insulated by the overlying roof rock, upwelling magma cooled slowly, and the mafic rock into which it cooled therefore is coarse-grained. These intrusions formed a sill some 16 km thick,Ojakangas & Matsch (1982), pp. 55–57. primarily of gabbro, but with significant amounts of anorthosite and other related granitic rocks.Jirsa & Southwick, Mineral Potential (2000); Topinka, America's Volcanic Past (2003); Miller, Green, Severson, Chandler, & Peterson, Geologic Map of the Duluth Complex (2001).

The gravels of the creek are not very worn, characteristic of weak streams, and have been left for a considerable distance, in places at least , up the slope of the hill as the stream bed has moved to the southeast. The bench gravels are made up entirely of country rocks. The deposit varies in thickness from , and the overlying muck varies from between , the distribution being irregular. The total thickness varies from .

Because CRISM is able to detect many minerals in the soil or regolith, the instrument is being used to help decipher ancient Martian environments. CRISM has found a characteristic layering pattern of aluminum-rich clays overlying iron- and magnesium-rich clays in many areas scattered through Mars' highlands. Surrounding Mawrth Vallis, these "layered clays" cover hundreds of thousands of square kilometers.Noe Dobrea et al. 2010. JGR 115, E00D19Michalski, Noe Dobrea. 2007. Geol.

Décollements in extensional settings are accompanied by tectonic denudation and high cooling rates. They can form by several methods: # The megalandslide model predicts extension with normal faults near the original fault source and shortening further away from the source. # The in situ model predicts numerous normal faults overlying one large décollement. # The rooted, low angle normal fault model predicts that the décollement is created when two thin sheets of rock decouple at depth.

V1 is often also called striate cortex because it can be identified by a large stripe of myelin, the Stria of Gennari. Visually driven regions outside V1 are called extrastriate cortex. There are many extrastriate regions, and these are specialized for different visual tasks, such as visuospatial processing, color differentiation, and motion perception. The name derives from the overlying occipital bone, which is named from the Latin ob, behind, and caput, the head.

The Enticho Sandstone evidences Palaeozoic glaciations. It was deposited in the shallow seas surrounding northern Gondwana's ice shield. Over the last 30 million years the Ethiopian Highlands have been uplifted and the Enticho Sandstone has been exposed as a result of the erosion of overlying rocks. This is one of the few places in the world where the Palaeozoic glacial and fluvio-glacial deposits are well exposed and can be easily accessed.

An ash bed lying below the upper boundary with the Kirtland Formation has been dated to 74.55 ± 0.29 Ma ago. The formation is subdivided into the upper Fossil Forrest Member (deposited between about 75-74.5 million years ago) and the lower Ne-nah-ne-zad Member (deposited from 75.5-75 million years ago). The Fossil Forrest member is considered to be part of the Hunter Wash, fauna shared with the overlying lower Kirtland Formation.

Typically people present with progressive pain, often long standing and/or bony swelling and restricted range of movement in affected limb 3,12. The latter is most often the case in bones with little overlying soft tissues (e.g. short tubular bones of the hands and feet). Most chondromyxoid fibromas are located in the metaphyseal region of long bones (60%), and may extend to the epiphyseal line and even rarely abut the articular surface 3,12.

It appears in up to half of newborns carried to term, usually between day 2–5 after birth; it does not occur outside the neonatal period. Erythema toxicum is characterized by blotchy red spots on the skin with overlying white or yellow papules or pustules. These lesions may be few or numerous. The eruption typically resolves within first two weeks of life and frequently individual lesions will appear and disappear within minutes or hours.

In traditional angiography, images are acquired by exposing an area of interest with time-controlled x-rays while injecting contrast medium into the blood vessels. The image obtained includes the blood vessels, together with all overlying and underlying structures. The images are useful for determining anatomical position and variations, but unhelpful for visualizing blood vessels accurately. In order to remove the distracting structures to see the vessels better, first a mask image is acquired.

It faces west towards the pyramid and has two access stairways. Three successive versions of the platform were built, each overlying the previous. The earliest version sat upon the early retaining wall, as did the second version. The final version was much larger and was built after the new retaining wall had extended the available area for Group A. Platform A3 encloses the north side of the eastern part of the Group A plaza.

The anterior and posterior humeral circumflex arteries branch off of the axillary artery to provide the majority of the blood supply to the proximal humerus. The axillary nerve courses inferior to the shoulder joint and innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles. It also provides sensation at the skin overlying the shoulder. This nerve is the most commonly injured nerve in proximal humerus fractures due to its location close to the proximal humerus.

The technological and typological aspects of these artifacts suggest an early phase of the Palaeolithic and have been observed in stratigraphic context in lenses of coarse sands indurated with iron oxide adhering to bedrock. An OSL date of the Final Middle Pleistocene, around 180,000 years, was obtained for the deposits overlying these formations, forming a terminus ante quem for this lithic industry. Its technical characteristics, however, suggest an age of at least 500,000 years ago.

The Bluefield Formation is a geologic formation in West Virginia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Mississippian subperiod of the Carboniferous period. Sediments of this age formed along a large marine basin lying in the region of what is now the Appalachian Plateau. The Bluefield Formation is the lowest section of the primarily siliciclastic Mauch Chunk Group, underlying the Stony Gap Sandstone Member of the Hinton Formation and overlying the limestone-rich Greenbrier Group.

Bedrock ridges are cut into ignimbrites of the Incahuasi valley. This terrain gradually leads over into the megaripple-covered surface through an increased gravel cover. The development of these megaripples appears to have been influenced by the underlying bedrock ridges which move alongside with the overlying ripples. These bedrock ridges are formed through erosion by wind and by wind- transported particles, it is not clear how they are then exposed from the ripples.

Yablochkov is a ruined lunar impact crater that is located on the northern hemisphere of the Moon's far side. It lies almost due south of the large walled plain Schwarzschild. Both the rim and interior of this feature have been heavily damaged by subsequent impacts, leaving a formation that is little more than a rugged depression in the surface. The most notable of the overlying impacts is Yablochkov U across the northwest rim.

Under the canopy is a mural of Hector and Andromache. The side walls contain murals depicting the history of Troy. The latter had been painted over until they were revealed in 1859, when the family were playing with a shuttlecock and damaged the overlying plaster. The other end of the hall is supported by a spere truss formed by two giant oak trunks, carved into an octagonal shape and covered in panels.

Widow Jane Mine, a drift mine into one of the hillsides, is the oldest cement mine on the property. It was constructed using the room and pillar technique, where pillars of dolomite have been left to support the overlying rock. The largest of the mines, it has been likened to an underground pillared room. The deep mining operations are mostly flooded with groundwater, but the room and pillar entrance is available for visitors.

A comprehensive study exploring several classical functional fixedness experiments showed an overlying theme of overcoming prototypes. Those that were successful at completing the tasks had the ability to look beyond the prototype, or the original intention for the item in use. Conversely, those that could not create a successful finished product could not move beyond the original use of the item. This seemed to be the case for functional fixedness categorization studies as well.

An HIV-positive person presenting with a Kaposi's sarcoma lesion with an overlying candidiasis infection in their mouth The mouth is involved in about 30% of cases, and is the initial site in 15% of AIDS-related KS. In the mouth, the hard palate is most frequently affected, followed by the gums. Lesions in the mouth may be easily damaged by chewing and bleed or suffer secondary infection, and even interfere with eating or speaking.

The Bagger 288 is a bucket- wheel excavator used in strip mining. "Strip mining" is the practice of mining a seam of mineral, by first removing a long strip of overlying soil and rock (the overburden); this activity is also referred to as "overburden removal". It is most commonly used to mine coal and lignite (brown coal). Strip mining is only practical when the ore body to be excavated is relatively near the surface.

This yields a bracket between 71–73 million years ago (Mya) and 59.3 Mya. The cause of the regression and hence of the erosion above sea level has been debated. It has been linked to eustatic sea level change, the Alpine orogeny and —more recently— to the Iceland plume. The surface was formerly known as Sub-Eocene surface until it was discovered that some sediments overlying the surface were in fact Paleogene.

It is the lowest unit of the Nanxiong Basin, a small graben created during Mesozoic rifting. Buck et al. state that it overlies Jurassic granite basement, and is conformably overlain by the Shanghu Formation. Alternative stratigraphic schemes for the Nanxiong basin have been proposed, one of which refers to the Nanxiong succession as the Nanxiong Group, and dividing it into the Yuanfu, Zhutian and Zhenshui formations, and overlying the Albian to Turonian Changba Formation.

ZMNH M8770 has 25 vertebrae in the back and neck, two sacral vertebrae (as in most Triassic pseudosuchians), and seven of the forward-most tail vertebrae. The neck vertebrae are taller and narrower than they are in Qianosuchus. Most of the back vertebrae are obscured by overlying ribs. At the back of the trunk near the hips are bones belonging to small vertebrates such as fish - likely the stomach contents of the individual.

The top of the coal measures may be marked by an unconformity, the overlying rocks being Permian or later in age. In some parts of Britain, however, the Coal Measures grade up into mainly coal-barren red beds of late Westphalian and possibly Stephanian age. Within the Pennine Basin these barren measures are now referred to as the Warwickshire Group, from the district where they achieve their thickest development.Powell, J.H. et al. 2000.

Acaroceratidae is family of Upper Cambrian (Trempealeauan) nautiloid cephalopods included in the Ellesmerocerida that contains two known genera, Acaroceras and Weishanuceras, both found in northern China. Acaroceratidae represent some of the earliest Ellesmeroderida, which have their origin in the Plectronoceratidae, either in Plectronoceras or some related genus. Acaroceras is known from the lower and middle Trempealeauan, upper Yenchou and overlying Wanwankou members of the Fengshan Formation. Weishanuceras is so far limited to the Wanwankou.

It exhibits a banded pattern similar to Jupiter's, and occasionally exhibits long-lived ovals caused by storms. A storm formation analogous to Jupiter's Great Red Spot, the Great White Spot, is a short-lived phenomenon that forms with a roughly 30-year periodicity. It was last observed in 1990. However, the storms and the band pattern are less visible and active than those of Jupiter, due to the overlying ammonia hazes in Saturn's troposphere.

The granule layer is between the overlying molecular layer and the underlying hilus (polymorphic layer). The granule cells of the granule layer project their axons known as mossy fibers to make excitatory synapses on the dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons. The granule cells are tightly packed together in a laminated manner that dampens the excitability of neurons. Some of the basal dendrites of the granule cells curve up into the molecular layer.

During embryogenesis, the testis descends through the inguinal canal, drawing a diverticulum of peritoneum into the scrotum as it descends. This peritoneal tissue is known as the processus vaginalis. Normally, the communication between the processus vaginalis and the peritoneum is obliterated, and the tunica vaginalis is the tissue that remains overlying the testis and the epididymis. Congenital hydrocele results when the processus vaginalis remains, allowing fluid from the peritoneum to accumulate in the scrotum.

It has been established that, in the type area near Red Deer, this erosional surface represents a hiatus of about 1-2 million years. In the foothills, the contact with the underlying Coalspur Formation is less distinctive but is again placed at the base of the first dominantly sandstone unit overlying a dominantly coal and mudstone unit.Lerbekmo, J.F. and Sweet, A.R., 2008. Magnetobiostratigraphy of the continental Paleocene upper Coalspur and Paskapoo formations near Hinton, Alberta.

The klippe is the isolated block of the nappe overlying autochthonous material. This geologic formation is evidence of thrusting plate motion, towards the south in this particular region. A thrust suggests that this area did experience subduction in the Archean. The implications of this come from studies of the deformational behavior, rheology, and strength of the Archean crust, all of which has been proposed to be very similar to the current crust.

About 9,000 meters of Eocene-Miocene marine clastics and continental sediments were deposited. Several basement faults were reactivated and underwent strike-slip motion in late Miocene times where the famous North Anatolian Fault bounds the southern part of the basin. The Cenozoic sedimentary succession, overlying Paleozoic to Mesozoic metamorphic basement, comprises interbedded fine to coarse grained clastics from a variety of depositional environments, turbidite, muddy carbonates with local reef developments, river channels and tuffs.

Although the adult and juvenile stages are more noticeable, lampreys spend the majority of their lives as larvae (ammocoetes). Ammocoetes live in fresh water for many years (usually 3–7 years, but at least one species has been recorded for +17 years). Ammocoetes are filter feeders that draw overlying water into burrows they dig into soft bottom substrates. After the larval period, the ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis and take on the juvenile/adult body morphology.

Sinosauropteryx, as a Yixian Formation dinosaur, is a member of the Jehol Biota, the assemblage of organisms found in the Yixian Formation and overlying Jiufotang Formation. The Yixian Formation is composed largely of volcanic rocks such as andesite and basalt. Between the volcanic layers are several beds of sedimentary rocks representing deposition in a lake. The freshwater lake strata of the Yixian Formation have preserved a wide variety of plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates.

Exhumation through denudation could be considered as the process of exposing rock packages solely through the removal of their overlying unconsolidated sediments or solid rock layers. Denudation is here considered as a process that removes parts of the Earth's upper crust by physical processes that occur naturally (e.g. glaciers, wind, water, landslides). Through this form of exhumation, something previously buried in sediments, for example a landform, is uncovered and can be exposed.

Water can percolate through the basalt and saturate the Eagle Creek formation. In places where the formation is relatively close to the surface and inclined downslope, such as near Greenleaf Peak and Table Mountain, water saturation can cause the formation's material to slide away, carrying the overlying basalt with it. Between Greenleaf Peak and Table Mountain, and above the Red Bluffs, lies Greenleaf Basin. The basin averages in elevation and is covered with forested wetlands.

Some specimens also have two chevrons, but the posteriormost of which cuts off a middorsal patch of reddish-brown pigment in the sacral area. Instead of chevrons, some specimens have a pair of reddish- brown dorsolateral stripes. Finally, some frogs have a pair of dorsolateral lines as well as an irregular pale median dorsal stripe. The ventrum is orange, but this color may be almost completely obscured by overlying dark brown mottling, blotches, or stipples.

The disruption of aquatic sediments and terrestrial soils through bioturbating activities provides significant ecosystem services. These include the alteration of nutrients in aquatic sediment and overlying water, shelter to other species in the form of burrows in terrestrial and water ecosystems, and soil production on land.Shaler, N. S., 1891, The origin and nature of soils, in Powell, J. W., ed., USGS 12th Annual report 1890-1891: Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, p. 213-45.

Chironomid larvae. The sediments of lake and pond ecosystems are rich in organic matter, with higher organic matter and nutrient contents in the sediments than in the overlying water. Nutrient re- regeneration through sediment bioturbation moves nutrients into the water column, thereby enhancing the growth of aquatic plants and phytoplankton (primary producers). The major nutrients of interest in this flux are nitrogen and phosphorus, which often limit the levels of primary production in an ecosystem.

The natural park consists of an interior highland with marked accordant peaks and a surrounding limestone or karst terrain. In the southern portion, the landscape is composed of jungle-covered limestone ridges. Its geology is mostly Miocene and Holocene with a sedimentary formation consisting of basement rocks and overlying clastic rocks or limestone. Its ecosystems include grasslands, agroforestry areas, forest- over-limestone, riparian ecosystem, lowland mixed dipterocarp forest, and mossy or cloud forest.

Evidence of pre-Clovis activity was found at the SV-2 site. There are three archaeological horizons evident of human occupation located within a one-meter thick alluvial, colluvial, and lacustrine sediments overlying a pedestal of bedrock. These are dated within 14,510, and 13,500-13,000 RCYBP. The oldest horizon is dated to 14,510 + 80 RCYBP (Beta-117541) by the presence of a tibia bone tool from a musk ox that was AMS radiocarbon dated.

Under this definition, the earliest evolutionary stage of the Jehol Biota is represented by the Huajiying Formation, and the Daohugou Formation is excluded due to the absence of Lycoptera fossils. Later in 2006, Liu et al. published their own study of the age of the Daohugou beds, this time using Zircon Uranium-lead dating on the volcanic rocks overlying and underlying salamander-bearing layers (salamanders are often used as index fossils). Liu et al.

The primary source rock of the Bend Arch–Fort Worth Basin is Mississippian Chester-age Barnett Shale, perhaps including the overlying Chesterian Forestburg Formation. The Barnett commonly exhibits an uncommonly high gamma-ray log response. Other potential source rocks of secondary importance are Early Pennsylvanian and include dark fine-grained carbonate rock and shale units within the Marble Falls Limestone and the black shale facies of the Smithwick/Atoka Shale.Mapel et al.

Interbedded pyroclastic rocks vary from thin beds of fine tuff to thick units of breccia, and reveal some ongoing volcanic activity during the period of deposition. Overlying those deposits are rocks of the Lincomb Tarns Tuff Formation, found on the eastern and western sides of the fell and the top of the southern ridge. These rocks are predominantly dacitic lapilli-tuff, interpreted as welded ignimbrite. Interbeds of thin tuff and of volcaniclastic sandstone occur.

Kyrgyzstan is notable for significant deposits of antimony and mercury, such as the Chauvay, Kadamzhai and Khaydarkan deposits. These are examples of quartz-fluorite-antimonite-cinnabar (also known as jasperoid type deposits), while others are quartz-dickite-cinnabar or magnesian-carbonate- cinnabar (or listvenite)_ types. The primary types of deposits are common at the contact between Carboniferous limestone and overlying Silurian shales and Devonian sandstone nappe formations. Listvenite deposits are typically associated with serpentine mélange.

To the west, Jurassic rocks are different: mainly sandstone and shale up to three kilometers thick, with subordinate limestone and marl. Close to Karkar, geologists have found 200 meter sandstone, shale and limestone sequence from the Middle Jurassic overlying coal. Researchers view the 650 meter thick sequence in the northwest as the remnants of deposition in the extinct Oxfordian age "Pamir Sea." Like Jurassic deposits, Cretaceous rocks also differ from north to south.

The caves on Erebus are of special interest for astrobiology, as most surface caves are influenced by human activities, or by organics from the surface brought in by animals (e.g. bats) or ground water. The caves at Erebus are at high altitude, yet accessible for study. Almost no chance exists of photosynthetic-based organics, or of animals in a food chain based on photosynthetic life, and no overlying soil to wash down into them.

Whether intentional or non-intentionally occurring, a cheesewire suture can be removed in surgery. A cheesewire suture is removed by a small incision made in the conjunctiva overlying the two ends of the suture. Fine removal suture forceps are used to grasp both ends of the suture. Tangential traction is then used to cheesewire through the scar tissue There are many complications that can arise from the removal of the cheesewire suture.

The Quebrada del Barro Formation is a geological formation of the Marayes-El Carrizal Basin in San Juan Province, Argentina. This formation is the most fossiliferous portion of the Triassic Marayes Group, and is also the youngest unit of the group, overlying the El Carrizal Formation. An unconformity at the top of the Quebrada del Barro Formation separates it from the Cretaceous-age Los Riscos Formation of the El Gigante Group.Gardini et al.

Because of Dartmoor's height and granite geology, it experiences strong winds and has acidic soils. In consequence it has been subject to very little intensive farming, and all these factors combine to form the basis of the important ecosystems found here. The landscape is one of granite with peat bogs overlying it. While the moors topped with granite tors are the most iconic part of Dartmoor's landscape, only about half of Dartmoor is actually moorland.

These are compressional structures composed of linear asymmetric ridges that can be tens of kilometers wide and hundreds of kilometers long. Many aspects of these ridges appear to be consistent with terrestrial compressional features that involve surface folding overlying blind thrust faults at depth. Wrinkle ridges are believed to accommodate small amounts of shortening on the order of 100 m or less. Larger ridges and scarps have also been identified on Mars.

Page 15 The Group is the lowermost of two geological units that take their name from their colouration due to the presence of the mineral glauconite, the other being the Upper Greensand. The unit was deposited in shallow marine conditions. In southern England the unit sharply but continuously overlies rocks of the Wealden Group. While elsewhere as the sea level rose it covered previously emergent highs of Jurassic rocks, unconformably overlying them.

Most slip is attributed to massive sandstones overlying weaker shales and clays. The back part of the slip in strongly permeable locations is prone to be straight downward on a rotational slip plane. This shift leaves a steep back face, or back-scar, with a toe raised significantly less. At ‘The Roughs’ in Kent, where a rotational slump occurred, slips of the Atherfield Clay (and all material above) have compromised sandstone blocks of Hythe Beds.

Schellsburg lies on the southeast flank of Allegheny Mountain, which is a doubly plunging anticline of the Devonian Onondaga Formation and Old Port Formation. The contact of the Onondaga formation with the overlying Marcellus Shale of the Hamilton Group passes through the town.Berg, T. M., and Dodge, C. M., eds., 1981, Map 61: Atlas of Preliminary Geologic Quadrangle Maps of Pennsylvania, PENNSYLVANIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Schellsburg Quadrangle All the rocks dip gently to the southeast.

Deep vein thrombosis is a condition in which a blood clot forms in a deep vein. This is usually the veins of the legs, although it can also occur in the veins of the arms. Immobility, active cancer, obesity, traumatic damage and congenital disorders that make clots more likely are all risk factors for deep vein thrombosis. It can cause the affected limb to swell, and cause pain and an overlying skin rash.

The lithology of the two members are quite different, representing different fluvial environments. The Utengule member is 85 m thick and predominantly consists of red-orange sandstones and matrix to clast supported conglomerates. The overlying Songwe Member is approximately twice as thick as the Utengule member, being 310–320 m thick in the type section. It is much finer grained, consisting of red-orange and grey green claystones, siltstones, mudstones, lenticular sandstones and tuffs.

A dark greenish-grey claystone succeeds vertically. This 25 cm thick unit is calcareous with a platy structure and grades upwards into a greenish grey blocky mudstone with some organics. This third unit encloses the upper portion of the sedimentary structure and bears a sharp, irregular contact with an overlying burrowed dark red claystone. The lithology of the structure contrasts sharply with the surrounding host mudrock and facilitates recognition of the structure in the field.

The El Cobre Canyon Formation consists of siliclastic red beds with a total thickness of roughly . These lie on Proterozoic basement and are in turn overlain by the Arroyo del Agua Formation. The formation is 66% siltstone and 21% sandstone, with minor conglomerate (9%) sandy shale (2%), and calcrete (1%). The beds are pale reddish brown in color, and can readily be distinguished from the orange beds of the overlying Arroyo del Agua Formation.

The Santa Susana Formation preserves fossils from the Late Paleocene to Early Eocene epochs in the Paleogene period of the Cenozoic Era. Fossilized fauna in the Santa Susana Formation is entirely different from that of underlying Martinez Formation, and has very little in common with that of the overlying Meganos Formation."Checklist of California Tertiary marine Mollusca"; Keen, A.M., and Bentson, Herdis; Geological Society of America Special Paper, 56, 280 p. (1944); [Pg.

The Turlock Lake Formation is an Early Pleistocene geologic formation in the Sierra Nevada foothills in Sacramento County, California. Cities in/over the formation's area include Citrus Heights, Carmichael, and Roseville.California Geological Survey: Geologic Map of the Sacramento Quadrangle The Turlock Lake Formation is a fan deposit of dominantly granitic alluvium covering the westward extension of the North Merced Pediment and Gravels formation, and directly overlying the Mehrten Formation. California Division of Mines and Geology.

Levant cloud forming against the eastern cliffs of the Rock of Gibraltar The Rock of Gibraltar is a monolithic promontory. The Main Ridge has a sharp crest with peaks over 400 m above sea level, formed by Early Jurassic limestones and dolomites. It is a deeply eroded and highly faulted limb of an overturned fold. The sedimentary strata composing the Rock of Gibraltar are overturned, with the oldest strata overlying the youngest strata.

Point Labatt as a headland was formed when the sea reached its present level 7,500 years ago after sea levels started to rise at the start of the Holocene.Robinson, 1989-90, page 26. Point Labatt and the adjoining cliff line consists of a calcarenite known as the Bridgewater formation overlying a red granite known as the Hiltaba Suite. The cliff top are finished with a soil consisting generally of a thin layer of calcareous material.

The Neptune Islands were formed between 10800 and 12000 years ago when sea levels rose at the start of the Holocene. The islands are remnant igneous inselbergs which have survived the erosive process associated with sea level rise. The remnant rock is described as being "a porphyritic granite gneiss and pink granite intruded with dolerite dykes". Remnants of the once-overlying calcarenite layers are also present on the upper platforms of the island.

Water returns to the land surface at lower elevation than where it infiltrated, under the force of gravity or gravity induced pressures. Groundwater tends to move slowly and is replenished slowly, so it can remain in aquifers for thousands of years. ;Evaporation: The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere. The source of energy for evaporation is primarily solar radiation.

The sandstones have been termed the Bells Sandstone Member for outcrops in Grayson County, and the Sub-Clarksville Sandstone in the subsurface. The shale overlying the Bells Sandstone has been named the Maribel ShaleMcNulty, C. L. Jr. (1966) Nomenclature of uppermost Eagle Ford Formation in northeastern Texas: AAPG Bulletin, v. 50, p. 375–379. Fossils that occur in the Arcadia Park include shark's teeth and other fish remains, ammonites, inoceramid clams, oysters, and foraminifera.

The site's geology broadly comprises glacial deposits deep overlying bedrock, with some areas overlain with peat to a depth of . The bedrock was formed during the Triassic-Jurassic period and consists mainly of sandstone, greywacke, shale and conglomerate. Groundwater in the area is produced from both the bedrock and shallow aquifers. The water table is at or near the surface for most of the year, and the area is generally low and swampy.

The houses are located along a north–south main street with the gables facing the street. The buildings are almost exclusively built with two naves and have lengths of and widths from . It is striking that several houses of vastly different sizes lay side by side, suggesting perhaps larger homes with smaller farm buildings. The house floors were all built with complex support structures and overlying split boards, which were usually covered with clay.

Discussed in the text are a subducting plate (5); an island arc (15) overlying a mantle wedge; a mid-ocean ridge (12); and a hotspot (3). Water is not just present as a separate phase in the ground. Seawater percolates into oceanic crust and hydrates igneous rocks such as olivine and pyroxene, transforming them into hydrous minerals such as serpentines, talc and brucite. In this form, water is carried down into the mantle.

Unless designated at a lower altitude, Class E airspace begins at 14,500 MSL over the United States, including that airspace overlying the waters within 12 NM of the coast of the 48 contiguous states and Alaska, up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL, and the airspace above FL 600. Class E has control services available but VFR pilots are not required to make any contact with ATC unlike other controlled airspace.

Uncontrolled airspace or Class G airspace is the portion of the airspace that has not been designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E. It is therefore designated uncontrolled airspace. Class G airspace extends from the surface to the base of the overlying Class E airspace. Although ATC has no authority or responsibility to control air traffic, pilots should remember there are visual flight rules (VFR) minimums which apply to Class G airspace.

The sedimentary deposits characteristic of this stage were lateral to, and overlying the deposits from the previous stage. Moreover, "[fan] sedimentation in this stage is distal to primary sediment input sources and occurs in a large ice- controlled lake." (Barnett et al., 1998, pg 1162) The most prominent process throughout this stage is the transition from fan to fan delta, and hence to deltaic sedimentation patterns, with extensive deposition of fine sand and silt rhythmites.

A maxillary torus is only removed in instances where it is problematic. This includes cases where in an edentulous patient, it extends to the vibrating line, preventing a posterior seal of the denture and posterior seal at the fovea palatinae. Other indications for removal include frequent trauma to the torus, owing to its size or the thinness of the mucoperiosteum overlying it, disturbance of speech, and rapid growth in patients who are cancer-phobic.

This species is virtually identical in appearance to the Papuan pipistrelle (P. papuanensis). In both species the dorsum fur is bicolored, with a brown tip overlying the longer black base of the hair. The ventral fur in both species has a black base tipped with cinnamon brown, and The snout, lip, ear, wing, forearm, and hind foot are clove brown, with a lightly furred uropatagium. However, there are several key morphological differences.

Mount Morning lies in Victoria Land, about from Ross Island and at the foot of the Transantarctic Mountains. The Koettlitz Glacier runs along the northwestern foot of Mount Morning and separates it from the Royal Society Range away. The volcano rises to above sea level and is capped by a wide caldera. Mount Morning has been defined as a large shield volcano that consists of a central volcano overlying an older volcanic complex.

Surface salt structures are formed when underground salt diapirs pierce through the overlying rock. When salt extrudes and flows at the surface, it becomes a salt glacier (also known as a salt fountain). Unlike underground salt structures, when rock salt is uncovered, it is exposed to rainwater, wind and heat from the sun that could lead to rapid deformation of salt structure within a short time, which can be daily to seasonal.

The hill is largely formed from sandstones of the Brownstones Formation of the Old Red Sandstone which were laid down during the Devonian period. On the southern slopes of the hill, sandstones of the overlying Plateau Beds Formation occur. In common with other hills in the Brecon Beacons National Park Fan Fawr was subject to glacial action in the ice ages. The western cwm contains a fine late-glacial moraine known as Cefn Bach.

The parish lies in an area of clay, gravel and sand which was laid down in shallow, marine, coastal and fluvial river environments. The oldest sediments comprise sands deposited in a shallow sea overlain by reddish-brown Reading Formation clays. These later sediments were deposited on marshy mudflats crossed by river channels. Named after the Reading area, these largely fossil-poor clay outcrops in a narrow strip between the Chalk and the overlying London Clay.

Carmel Formation near Gunlock, Utah. The unconformably overlying dark unit is the Upper Cretaceous Iron Springs Formation. The Carmel Formation is a geologic formation in the San Rafael Group that is spread across the U.S. states of Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, north east Arizona and New Mexico. Part of the Colorado Plateau, this formation was laid down in the Middle Jurassic during the late Bajocian, through the Bathonian and into the early Callovian stages.

The Cadomin Formation is of Early Cretaceous (Barremian to Aptian) age. It is the basal unit of the Bullhead Group in northeastern British Columbia and of the Blairmore Group in Alberta. The formation is a distinctive marker horizon, and it was sometimes called the "coal conglomerate" because it was useful as a reference point for locating the coal seams of the underlying Mist Mountain Formation and the overlying Gething Formation.McLean, J.R. 1977.

The soils are wet, alluvium and peat overlying Hercynian granite bedrock. Since grazing was withdrawn some of the marsh is overgrown with abundant common reed (Phragmites australis), rushes (Juncus sp) and grey willow (Salix cinerea). The drainage ditches, flow southward to Old Town Bay and divide the marsh into wet meadows with abundant soft rush (Juncus effusus), yellow iris and some ragged robin (Lychnis flos- cuculi) and greater bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus pedunculatus).

Growth faults maturation is a long term process that takes millions of years with slip rate ranges between 0.2-1.2 millimeters per year. It starts when sedimentary sequences are deposited on top of each other above a thick evaporite layer (fig. 2). A growth fault is initiated when the evaporite layer can no longer support the overlying sequences. The thicker and denser portion applies much more pressure on the evaporite layer than the thin portion.

The conference was the first political effort to develop the doctrines of international law relating to aerial navigation. Delegates disagreed about the right of foreign aircraft to fly over national territory. Germany and France supported the idea of wide freedom and national treatment of foreign aircraft. This view was opposed by Britain, Austria-Hungary and Russia, who backed the view there should be complete sovereign right to the overlying airspace for national security reasons.

Also the temperature falls to typically a third or a half of the temperature in the outskirts of the cluster. The typical [predicted] timescale for the ICM to cool is relatively short, less than a billion years. As material in the centre of the cluster cools out, the pressure of the overlying ICM should cause more material to flow inwards (the cooling flow). In a steady state, the rate of mass deposition, i.e.

These monadnocks served locally as sources of coarse-grained sediments during the marine transgression that deposited the Tapeats Sandstone (Tapeats Sea), and other members of the Tonto Group. Within the Unkar Group, the contact between the Hakatai Shale and overlying Shinumo Sandstone is a distinct disconformity. This contact is the only significant unconformity that occurs within the Unkar Group. This disconformity is sharp and locally truncates cross-bedding and channels exhibited by sandstones in the underlying Hakatai Shale.

Compared with Nepal, the Gondwana strata are exposed in a relatively smaller area in Bhutan. In southeastern Bhutan, the basal LHS begins with the metamorphic Daling-Shumar Group, followed by the Baxa Group that is characterized by quartzite, phyllite and dolomite succession of Neoproterozoic to probably Cambrian age. The bottom of the Gondwana Units (Diuri Formation) is then directly overlying the Baxa Group. Generally, there are three main formations of Gondwana Units exposed in southeastern Bhutan.

The UG2 Reef, the composition of which is relatively consistent throughout the BIC, is rich in chromite. However, the UG2 Reef lacks the Merensky's gold, copper and nickel by-products, though its reserves may be almost twice those of the Merensky Reef. Overall, the Merensky Reef is observed to be a lower layer composed of anorthosite or norite with a thin layer of chromitite over top. In addition, there is commonly a layer overlying both composed of feldspathic pyroxenite.

West of the Sur fault the earth is composed of Franciscan Assemblage rocks, some exposed serpentine, and overlying sandstone. Most of the Little Sur River geology is to the east of the Sur fault. This area is marked by deep canyons cut through granitic and metamorphic rocks of the Salinian Block. Upstream from the Boy Scout camp the gorges are full of mica schist and gneiss (metamorphosed sedimentary rocks), and granodiorite, quartz monzonite, and quartz diorite (granitic rocks).

Musculocutaneous perforators supply the overlying skin by traversing through muscle before they pierce the deep fascia. A perforator which traverses muscle before piercing the deep fascia can do that either transmuscular or transepimysial. This latter subdivision is however not taken into account during the dissection of the perforator. Only the size, position, and course of the perforator vessel are considered then. When a flaps’ blood supply depends on a muscle perforator, this flap is called a muscle perforator flap.

Oblique Lunar Orbiter 2 view, facing south Seidel is a worn lunar impact crater that lies to the east-northeast of the much larger crater Jules Verne. Farther to the east of Seidel is the western edge of Mare Ingenii, and to the northeast lies the crater O'Day. This is an eroded crater with a small crater overlying the south-southeastern outer rim. The southern rim is overlain by material deposits, most likely ejecta from another impact.

A Nubian ibex on the edges of Makhtesh Ramon Hundreds of millions of years ago, the Negev desert was covered by an ocean. Slowly, this started to recede northwards leaving behind a hump-shaped hill. The hump was slowly flattened by water and climatic forces. Approximately five million years ago, the Arava Rift Valley was formed, with rivers changing their courses, carving out the inside of the crater which was a softer rock than that overlying.

These excavations showed that the hill, clearly visible in the landscape, is a prehistoric Tell (Turk. Höyük). The hill was created due to thousands of years of settlement and rebuilding in the same place, resulting in the accumulation of massive occupation layers overlying each other, forming an artificial hill. This form of settlement is typical in the periods of the Neolithic, the Chalcolithic and the Bronze Age (8.–2. Millennium B.C.) from the Orient to Southeast Europe.

An example is the north-south trending Big Dan Shear Zone situated near the former garbage dump of Temagami. The felsic dikes near this zone are interpreted to represent a subvolcanic feeder system to the overlying felsic volcanic rocks. It is probable that the dikes maintained a former zone of weakness now demonstrated by the shear zones. Renewed tectonic activity along the Big Dan Shear Zone is manifested by offset of clastic sediments east of the Ontario Northland Railway.

Spencer, J.E., Pecha, M.E., Gehrels, G.E., Dickinson, W.R., Domanik, K.J. and Quade, J., 2016. Paleoproterozoic orogenesis and quartz-arenite deposition in the Little Chino Valley area, Yavapai tectonic province, central Arizona, USA. Geosphere, 12(6), pp.1774-1794. The rocks that are part of the Yavapai tectonic province and intruded by the Mint Wash Pluton formed in volcanic island arcs overlying one or more subduction systems, similar to modern volcanic arcs in the Aleutian Islands, the Philippines, and Indonesia.

The Pikes Peak granite formed in several stages. In the initial stage, about 1.02 billion years ago, a large mass of magma intruded into what is now the Front Range of Colorado. Although there may have been volcanoes overlying the intrusion, the majority of the magma never reached the surface, but formed and cooled at a depth of about 1 to 2 miles (1.6 to 3.3 km). Ultimately, the underground extent of the magma covered an area of .

Interstratal karst is a karstic landscape which is developed beneath a cover of insoluble rocks. Typically this will involve a cover of sandstone overlying limestone strata undergoing solution. In the United Kingdom for example extensive doline fields have developed at Cefn yr Ystrad, Mynydd Llangatwg and Mynydd Llangynidr in South Wales across a cover of Twrch Sandstone which overlies concealed Carboniferous Limestone, the last-named having been declared a site of special scientific interest in respect of it.

Mining is not a significant part of the economy of Guinea- Bissau, except for pits quarrying sand, gravel and clay for roads and building material. Lateritic regolith overlying Paleozoic sediments is known to contain bauxite, but there is currently no exploitation of these resources. Some small, low-grade gold anomalies exist in the northeast of Guinea-Bissau. Geologists have found soil anomalies of zinc, copper, molybdenum and lead associated with Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, although they remain poorly understood.

These sediments are progressively squeezed as they are subducted, reducing void space and forcing fluids out along the decollement and up into the overlying forearc, which may or may not have an accretionary prism. Sediments accreted to the forearc are another source of fluids. Water is also bound in hydrous minerals, especially clays and opal. Increasing pressure and temperature experienced by subducted materials converts the hydrous minerals to denser phases that contain progressively less structurally bound water.

The imprints of the bodies of organisms are often strongly compressed, distorted, and sometimes partly extend into the overlying rock. These deformations appear to show attempts by the organisms to escape from the falling sediment. Rarely, Dickinsonia have been preserved as a cast in massive sandstone lenses, where it occurs together with Pteridinium, Rangea and some others. These specimens are products of events where organisms were first stripped from the sea-floor, transported and deposited within sand flow.

The rock is composed of fine grains of sand that were laid down in the Silurian Period some 440 million years ago, in an extensive sand shoal at the edge of the ancient Iapetus Ocean. Eons of geologic activity followed, as the ocean slowly closed and the underlying rock uplifted and folded. Millions of years of erosion stripped away the overlying rock and left remnants of the arching folds in the form of these landmark outcrops.

The overlying rock mass in Asse II moves per year, undermining the strength of the mine construction. Because of the large number of tunnels and chambers, and the decades of use, deformation in Asse II has reached a state where the pressurised surrounding salt is losing its stability: "The supporting construction is softening by creep deformation, plasticity effects and local fractures from ground pressure."Dreidimensionale gebirgsmechanische Modellrechnungen zur Standsicherheitsanalyse des Bergwerkes Asse . Institut für Gebirgsmechanik GmbH, Leipzig, 2006.

An inlier is an area of older rocks surrounded by younger rocks. Inliers are typically formed by the erosion of overlying younger rocks to reveal a limited exposure of the older underlying rocks. Faulting or folding may also contribute to the observed outcrop pattern. A classic example from Great Britain is that of the inlier of folded Ordovician and Silurian rocks at Horton in Ribblesdale in North Yorkshire which are surrounded by the younger flat-lying Carboniferous Limestone.

Changes in surface moisture and vegetation will then be such as to preserve the newly formed permafrost. The overlying soil layer is gradually lifted up by frost heaving. In cross-section, the ice cores of a palsa show layering, which is caused by the successive winter freezing intervals. The pressing out of water from the pores is not crucial, however, since the boggy soil is water-saturated and thus always provides enough water for ice core growth.

A natural site, Wingecarribee Swamp is a remnant of a late glacial swamp overlying the Triassic sandstone and Wianamatta Shale of the Southern Highlands. The wetlands' peat deposits provide a rare resource for scientific study but are also sought after as a mining resource. The Wingecarribee Swamp covers and is over 5000 years old. It is listed as an Endangered Ecological Community at both State and Federal levels and contains four threatened species: the plants Lysimachia vulgaris var.

The upper contact of the Middle Member with the overlying Upper Member is sharp and unconformable. The basal sandstones of the Upper Member cut about into the beds of the middle member. In inaccessible exposures, conglomerate of the Upper Member appears to unconformably overly the middle member. The Upper Member of the Sixtymile Formation, which is about , consists of fine-grained fluvial and fanglomeratic sandstone that grades abruptly into sandy conglomerate toward the axis of the syncline.

Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 9, 327-345 defines three types of felsenmeer profiles: Type 1 consists of boulders overlying a matrix of fines at some depth below the surface. Type 2 consists of boulders supported by a cohesionless sandy matrix that continues from the surface down through the profile. Type 3 also consists of boulders supported by a matrix, but differs from Type 2 in that the matrix consists of silt and/or clay rather than sand.

The Sweetgrass Hills as seen from Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park in Canada. The hills were formed in the early Paleogene period, and geologically are known as stocks - intrusive igneous rock forced up from below and solidified. Because of uplift and erosion, the overlying rock formations have disappeared. The upper slopes of the hills have not been glaciated and would have stood above the ice sheet that covered the area during the last ice age. pp.84-85.

George Rice Dinefwr Park has a history of occupation spanning at least two millennia. A polished stone axe dated to the Neolithic period was unearthed on the site in 1976, and during the Iron Age, a farm existed on the property. The Romans later built a pair of forts here, with one partly overlying the other. There are traces of Roman roads and tracks, some of which may have been part of the Carmarthen–Llandovery Roman road.

The Niagara Escarpment has a relatively strong slope or enfacing escarpment on the side towards the upland, and a long gentle slope on the other side. Its relief is seldom more than 200 or and is generally small. Its continuity and its contrast with the associated lowlands on the underlying and overlying weak strata make it an important feature. The escarpment would lie straight east- west if the slant of the strata were uniformly to the south.

Regions overlying limestone bedrock tend to have fewer visible above-ground sources (ponds and streams), as surface water easily drains downward through joints in the limestone. While draining, water and organic acid from the soil slowly (over thousands or millions of years) enlarges these cracks, dissolving the calcium carbonate and carrying it away in solution. Most cave systems are through limestone bedrock. Cooling groundwater or mixing of different groundwaters will also create conditions suitable for cave formation.

In the early stages of strike-slip fault formation, displacement within basement rocks produces characteristic fault structures within the overlying cover. This will also be the case where an active strike-slip zone lies within an area of continuing sedimentation. At low levels of strain the overall simple shear causes a set of small faults to form. The dominant set, known as R shears, form at about 15° to the underlying fault with the same shear sense.

The seabed at the wind farm and offshore cable route consisted of mainly gravely sand, overlying chalk. The electrical power export cable was to be connected to a switching station near Muckleburgh Collection, via landfall near Weybourne Hope. Two routes were considered for the export cable, one avoiding the sandbank at Sheringham shoal. The connection to the National Grid was planned to be made at an electrical substation near Salle, Norfolk via a 132kV underground cable.

Fracturing rocks at great depth frequently becomes suppressed by pressure due to the weight of the overlying rock strata and the cementation of the formation. This suppression process is particularly significant in "tensile" (Mode 1) fractures which require the walls of the fracture to move against this pressure. Fracturing occurs when effective stress is overcome by the pressure of fluids within the rock.The minimum principal stress becomes tensile and exceeds the tensile strength of the material.

The Casselman Formation overlies the Ames Limestone, which represents the last marine submergence of the Appalachian Basin. The earliest portions of the Casselman Formation, consisting of sandstones and siltstones, are overbank levee deposits that were formed at the shoreline of the retreating Ames Sea. Overlying these deposits is the Grafton Sandstone, a cross-bedded channel-phase sandstone deposited by a meandering river. Above the sandstone lies the Birmingham Shale, which includes fine-grained siltstone and shale overbank deposits.

Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome is a set of hearing and balance symptoms, related to a rare medical condition of the inner ear, known as superior canal dehiscence. The symptoms are caused by a thinning or complete absence of the part of the temporal bone overlying the superior semicircular canal of the vestibular system. There is evidence that this rare defect, or susceptibility, is congenital. There are also numerous cases of symptoms arising after physical trauma to the head.

Dentin forms the bulk of the tooth substance, and contributes most to the overall tooth color. At the core of the tooth is soft connective tissue termed the dental pulp. The pulp is pink/red due to its vascularity, but is rarely visible through the overlying enamel and dentin unless the thickness of these layers is reduced by tooth wear (or rarely internal resorption). Public opinion of what is normal tooth shade tends to be distorted.

Lake-effect snow bands near the Korean Peninsula Air masses can be modified in a variety of ways. Surface flux from underlying vegetation, such as forest, acts to moisten the overlying air mass. Heat from underlying warmer waters can significantly modify an air mass over distances as short as to . For example, southwest of extratropical cyclones, curved cyclonic flow bringing cold air across the relatively warm water bodies can lead to narrow lake-effect snow bands.

The submucosa (or tela submucosa) is a thin layer of tissue in various organs of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts. It is the layer of dense irregular connective tissue that supports the mucosa (mucous membrane) and joins it to the muscular layer, the bulk of overlying smooth muscle (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle). The submucosa (sub- + mucosa) is to a mucous membrane what the subserosa (sub- + serosa) is to a serous membrane.

This, combined with the rising of the hot air, results in the formation of a low pressure area. Elevated areas can enhance the strength of the thermal low as they warm more quickly than the atmosphere which surrounds them at the same altitude. Over the water, instability lows form during the winter when the air overlying the land is colder than the warmer water body. Thermal lows tend to have weak circulations, and can extend to in height.

The posterior half is made up of two hypoplastra (containing the posterior bridge strut) and the rear is a pair of xiphiplastra. Overlying the boney elements are a series of scutes, which are made of keratin and are a lot like horn or nail tissue. In the center of the carapace are 5 vertebral scutes and out from these are 4 pairs of costal scutes. Around the edge of the shell are 12 pairs of marginal scutes.

The formation lies discontinuously on the Espinaso Formation and interfingers with the overlying Blackshare Formation, with the boundary placed at the highest thickly bedded tabular sandstone below the lenticular conglomerate of the Blackshare Formation. The Tanos Formation dips 20 to 32 degrees to the northeast. It is interpreted as sediments deposited in a closed basin during early rifting along the Rio Grande rift, and is the oldest exposed Santa Fe Group formation near the Albuquerque Basin.

The Yellow Band consists of intercalated beds of Middle Cambrian diopside-epidote-bearing marble, which weathers a distinctive yellowish brown, and muscovite-biotite phyllite and semischist. Petrographic analysis of marble collected from about found it to consist as much as five percent of the ghosts of recrystallised crinoid ossicles. The upper five metres of the Yellow Band lying adjacent to the Qomolangma Detachment is badly deformed. A thick fault breccia separates it from the overlying Qomolangma Formation.

Overlying unconformably in the Cau Formation, the Dua Formation is between 200m to 800m thick, composed of light and bright grey sandstone, interbedded with blackish-grey silty clay. The sandstone has characteristics of fine to medium grained, angular, quarts, with carbonate cement. This formation also has glauconite corresponding with fossil fragments. The overall lithology of the Dua Formation in the Nam Con Son Basin consist of coastal plain sandstones and has claystones and interbedded minor coals.

While the technology has changed considerably, the basic idea remains the same, to remove essentially all of the coal from a broad coal face and allow the roof and overlying rock to collapse into the void behind, while maintaining a safe working space along the face for the miners. Starting around 1900, mechanization was applied to this method. By 1940, some referred to longwall mining as "the conveyor method" of mining, after the most prominent piece of machinery involved.

The rock exposures constitute a key Jurassic locality and show a major section in the Lower Inferior Oolite. There are extensive exposures of Lower and Middle Jurassic rocks and these exhibit the best sections in the Cotswolds in the Pea Grit and the overlying Coral Bed. Crickley Hill is part of the Cotswold escarpment which runs from Dorset to the Yorkshire Coast. The stone has been quarried for hundreds of years and was probably used for dry stone walling.

View from east Prime Seal Island is a long island, with a high central ridge and an area of 1220 ha, in south-eastern Australia. It is part of Tasmania’s Prime Seal Island Group, lying in eastern Bass Strait west of Flinders in the Furneaux Group. Geologically, it is limestone overlying granite and has notable karst features, including caves. It is leased for farming and is extensively grazed by sheep and cattle as well as the native Tasmanian pademelons.

The Doswell Formation was originally described by USGS paleontologist Robert E. Weems in 1980. He used it to refer to the entire Triassic geological sequence preserved at the Taylorsville basin, overlying the much older Carboniferous "Petersburg granite" which predated the basin, and underlying much younger Cretaceous and Cenozoic gravel. Weems subdivided the formation into several "members". The oldest of these (middle Carnian in age) was the Stagg Creek Member, a fluvial (river) deposit of sandstone and conglomerate.

Overlying the fossiliferous sands and sandy clays of the upper San Fernando River in northeastern Mexico is a bed of coquina limestone dating probably to the Cenozoic era. Coquina deposits also occur in the Baja California peninsula, including submerged "reefs". So-called coquina "reefs" occur at Punta Borrascosa, San Felipe and Coloraditos on the northeast coast of Baja California. These have been uranium-thorium dated to the Pleistocene epoch, with an age estimated at 130,000 ybp.

The Towallum Basalt is a thick layer near Nymboida, Glenreagh and Moleton trig station overlying the Marburg formation. The Walloon Coal Measures forms a U shape around the east, south and west sides of the basin. It consists of claystone, shale, siltstone, arenites, and coal seams and the plant fossils in it show a Jurassic age. The next layer of rocks in the basin forming a nested U shape in its exposure is the Kangaroo Creek Sandstone.

In order to make it more wind-proof, the tops of woollen socks were often sewn to the cuffs. The half-length zip fastener on this smock was made of brass. The colours of the 2nd pattern also differed from those of the earlier smocks, the base colour varying from a light to a medium olive combination, with overlying brushstrokes of reddish brown and dark olive green. These colours were thought better suited to the North Western European theatre.

The citation for the SSSI says: > Trodds Copse Site of Special Scientific Interest comprises ancient semi- > natural woodland, unimproved meadows and flushes overlying Bracklesham Beds, > Bagshot Sand, peat and alluvium. The habitats are drained by tributaries of > the Monks Brook, a branch of the River Itchen. The diverse geology and > varied drainage conditions give rise to a wide range of habitats. At least > ten woodland types can be identified, of which four are considered > nationally rare.

At body temperature, the overlying SMP is in a glassy state and maintains the nitinol tightly coiled configuration in a straight form for endovascular delivery. Once the microactuator is positioned beyond the clot, joule heating is initiated. As the surrounding SMP is heated by conduction to its characteristic glass-transition temperature (Tg ≈ 80 °C), it transitions to its rubbery state, allowing the nitinol to resume its corkscrew shape. Retrieval of the blood clot occurs through a pull back motion.

While most Lockatong sediments are mudstones associated with lakes or lakebeds, river or stream deposits can also occur. These deposits form in areas equivalent to the edge of the Newark basin, and typically consist of sandstone and conglomerate. Since the Lockatong Formation is primarily exposed in the center of the Newark basin, basin-margin facies are rare. The overlying Passaic Formation has more extensive exposures near the basin margin, and thus a higher prevalence of sandstone and conglomerate.

Primordial heat is the heat lost by the Earth as it continues to cool from its original formation, and this is in contrast to its still actively-produced radiogenic heat. The Earth core's heat flow—heat leaving the core and flowing into the overlying mantle—is thought to be due to primordial heat, and is estimated at 5–15 TW.Lay, T., Hernlund, J., & Buffett, B. A. (2008). Core–mantle boundary heat flow. Nature Geoscience, 1(1), 25–32.

The skin lesions may be difficult to diagnose clinically but a punch biopsy will usually reveal a Grenz zone separating the tumour from the overlying skin. Histological examination shows dense dermal nodules composed of elongated cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in fascicles (spindle cells). The nuclei are uniform, blunt-ended and cigar-shaped with only occasional mitoses. Special stains that may be of use in the diagnosis include Masson's trichrome, Van Gieson's stain and phosphotungstic acid–haematoxylin.

A mechanism of exchange of energy between the atmosphere and the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean, Norwegian Coastal Current, is very important to the climate of Norway. In the winter time, there is a release of heat from the ocean to the overlying air masses. These air masses generally flow in the direction of north-east, thereby warming the adjacent land masses (Norway); especially the coastal regions. In the summer, the effect is actually reversed.

It is particularly at this time that the bacteria can utilize these energy sources to multiply and produce a sharp pulse (or bloom) that follows the phytoplankton bloom. The same relationship between phytoplankton and bacteria influences the vertical distribution of bacterioplankton. Maximum numbers of bacteria generally occur at the pycnocline, where phytodetritus accumulates by sinking from the overlying euphotic zone. There, decomposition by bacteria contributes to the formation of oxygen minimum layers in stable waters.6\.

As the overlying rock was worn away, pressure was relieved and horizontal cracks developed, allowing water to get into the rock layers. The basalt dikes eroded faster than the surrounding Conway granite, creating a deepening valley where the gorge is now. The gorge was covered by glaciers during the Ice Age, but the ice sheet did not greatly change the surface. It partially filled the valley with glacial debris and removed soil and weathered rock from the vicinity.

Almost all species have female-biased sexual dimorphism, with the females being larger than the males, although those physical differences are generally small; one exception is Dall's porpoise. Odontocetes possess teeth with cementum cells overlying dentine cells. Unlike human teeth, which are composed mostly of enamel on the portion of the tooth outside of the gum, whale teeth have cementum outside the gum. Porpoises have a three-chambered stomach, including a fore-stomach and fundic and pyloric chambers.

Patients mostly present with a hard lump in one breast without any sign of a systemic disease. Other possible symptoms include nipple retraction, pain, inflammation of the overlying skin, nipple discharge, fistula, enlarged lymph nodes, in rare case peau d'orange- like changes. Presentation is mostly unilateral although a significant share of cases is bilateral, also in many cases contralateral or bilateral recurrences were documented. Several cases occurring together with fever, polyarthralgia and erythema nodosum were documented.

Overlying circumpolar Deep Water of Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Weddell Sea Deep Water mix and can be traced back to the Weddell Abyssal Plain revealing the western gyre. Geographically speaking, the Antarctic Peninsula contains the western end of the gyre. In these bottom and deep layers of the gyre, it is completed by a southward movement. where the currents at the bottom of the gyre flow in an opposite direction than the water column above.

The most prominent terraces mark the former levels of the Thames in north Surrey. Along tributary slopes, a deposit, head, forms the main sediment of latest age. Head comprises angular pieces of rock and soil derived locally from the extensive frost-shattering of rocks and the subsequent movement of this material down valley slopes. Large areas of clay-with-flints, derived from the weathering of material overlying the present day chalk, occur across the North Downs.

Early Mississippian tuff, breccia, volcaniclastic sandstone and mafic volcanic rocks in the Skolai Group are the oldest rocks. The Skolai Group is separated from overlying Middle Triassic siltstone by a regional unconformity. Above the siltstone is the vast Nikolai Formation—basal conglomerate and basalt three kilometers thick, which extends far to the west into Alaska and as far south as Vancouver Island. It is interlayered with the Chitistone reef limestone and the deep marine McCarthy Formation.

Basaltic magma intruding near the surface flashed ground water to steam, which blew out overlying rock and soil, along with some juvenile material. As material slid into the hole formed, it closed the vent and the process repeated, eventually forming the huge hole. Blocks as large as in size were flung as far as from the crater. To the west of Hole-in-the-Ground is an even bigger maar, , but older and more eroded, called Big Hole.

West Beckwith Mountain is a prominent mountain summit in the West Elk Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The peak is located in the West Elk Wilderness of Gunnison National Forest, about southwest of Crested Butte in Gunnison County, Colorado, United States. West Beckwith Mountain is a laccolith, formed when magma intruded into Mancos Shale some 30 million years ago. Since then, erosion has removed the softer, overlying sedimentary rock, exposing the more resistant igneous rock.

The metamorphosed strata include a biotite granite unit located at a depth of 700m which was intersected during exploratory drilling at 700m below. There is the Jangsan quartzite unit in the lower most area underneath the Myobong unit. The Great Limestone unit completes the series of altered horizons overlying the Myobong Formation. There are certain terms on the horizons such as the Hanging Wall, Main, and Footwall horizons based on its geological features from the uppermost to lowermost regions.

In slab pull the weight of a tectonic plate being subducted (pulled) below an overlying plate at a subduction zone drags the rest of the plate along behind it. The slab pull mechanism is considered to be contributing more than the ridge push. A process previously proposed to contribute to plate motion and the formation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges is the "mantle conveyor" due to deep convection (see image).Holmes, A., 1928.

The German basin can be categorized as a salt wall which is a linear diapiric structure possibly related either to basement faulting or to the controlling effect of regional dip, and the English basin is categorized as a salt pillow type of structure, developed in association with thinning of overlying beds but without diapiric effects. The major types of salt structures in this basin are salt pillows or swells which lie in the cores of buckle fold structures.

Archean rocks dominate much of the territory's surface and places with overlying rock. Greenstone belts are common together with migmatite gneiss, granodiorite, and quartz monzonite, on the Melville Peninsula and northern Baffin Island, as well as the southwest mainland. Lenses and bands of amphibolite, granitoid and metasedimentary rocks are common in these areas, along with less common ultramafic rocks. Gold and other base metals are widespread as mineralization in siliclastic, felsic, mafic and ironstone rocks of the greenstone belts.

The uppermost part of the mound consists of moderately vesicular ash with lapilli, passing up into ripple- marked beds at the base of the overlying cone deposits. These beds are interpreted to represent the result of wave reworking. The cone consists of steeply dipping layers of mainly palagonite, formed by the alteration of the original basaltic glass. The cone is typical of tuff cones, which form during eruptions in the presence of standing water or abundant groundwater.

The Keyser is a nodular limestone overlain by thick- and thin- bedded limestone and laminated limestone at its type locality in Keyser, West Virginia. In central Pennsylvania, the basal "calico" limestone is a fossiliferous, medium-light- to medium-gray very thick bedded calcilutite containing numerous small irregular patches of clear calcite. The abundantly fossiliferous, nodular limestone at the base overlies the "calico". Overlying this is 5 to 6 m of fragmental calcarenite containing abundant crinoid columnals.

A combination of intense chemical, physical and microbiological weathering allows the removal of REEs in upper, more acidic completely weathered layer, downward migration through rainwater and eventually, deposition (and concentration) at lower, less acidic moderately weathered layer. (REE forms a more stable complex in soil with higher pH). In addition, intense weathering in subtropical areas (i.e. South China) continuously removes significant volume of overlying materials from the in-situ weathering system, which is a process called denudation.

The lake is overlooked by several prominent mountain peaks, especially Picws Du and Waun Lefrith. Waun Lefrith is formed from the sandstones and mudstones of the Brownstones Formation of the Old Red Sandstone laid down during the Devonian period. Its southern slopes are formed from the hard-wearing sandstones of the overlying Plateau Beds Formation which are of upper/late Devonian age. It is those rocks which form vertical crags along the top edge of the scarp.

"Mountaintop removal mining" (MTR) is a form of coal mining that mines coal seams beneath mountaintops by first removing the mountaintop overlying the coal seam. Explosives are used to break up the rock layers above the seam, which are then removed. Excess mining waste or "overburden" is dumped by large trucks into fills in nearby hollow or valley fills. MTR involves the mass restructuring of earth in order to reach the coal seam as deep as below the surface.

The Ardvreck Group is a stratigraphic group of early Cambrian age found in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It lies unconformably on gneisses of the Lewisian complex or sandstones of the Torridonian Supergroup. It consists of two formations, the basal quartzites and quartz arenites of the Eriboll Formation and the overlying dolomitic siltstones and sandstones and quartz arenites of the An-t-Sron Formation. It is overlain conformably by the Ghrudaidh Formation of the Durness Group.

Llyn y Fan Fach lake below Picws Du with the prominent escarpment Rocks from the Ordovician Period through to the Carboniferous outcrop in various parts of the Geopark. The oldest (of late Ordovician age) occur in the northwest whilst the youngest (of late Carboniferous age) occur along its southern margins. Many of the Ordovician and Silurian age sandstones and mudstones were faulted and tightly folded during the Caledonian Orogeny. The overlying Devonian and Carboniferous age sandstones (e.g.

The Grayling Formation consists of dolomitic siltstone and silty shale, with minor silty limestone, dolomite, and very fine-grained sandstone. It reaches a maximum thickness of about 460 metres (1500 ft). The overlying Toad Formation is more calcareous and less dolomitic than the Grayling. It consists of dark grey calcareous siltstone and silty limestone, with minor amounts of silty dolomite and calcareous sandstone and, in the lower part, minor thin, randomly dispersed lenses and nodules of phosphate.

The Praia da Amoreira- Porto Novo Member is composed of the Priaia de Amoreira Member, which consists of massive mudrock-sand with metre thick sandstone lenses, with massive mudrock with calcrete. The overlying Poto Novo Mb. consists of massive bodies of sandstone, often cross bedded. The environment of deposition is interpreted as a meandering fluvial system, while the Porto Novo Mb is interpreted as a deltaic deposit. It is interpreted to be latest Kimmeridgian in age.

Red soil is a type of soil that develops in a warm, temperate, moist climate under deciduous or mixed forest, having thin organic and organic-mineral layers overlying a yellowish-brown leached layer resting on an illuvium red layer. Red soils are generally derived from crystalline rock. They are usually poor growing soils, low in nutrients and humus and difficult to be cultivated because of its low water holding capacity. Red soils are an important resource.

Since the Jurassic, subduction has been occurring on the western margin of present-day South America, resulting in variable amounts of volcanic activity. A short interruption of volcanism, associated with a flattening of the subducting plate, occurred in the Oligocene 35-25 mya. Subsequently, renewed melt generation modified the overlying crust until major volcanism, associated with a "flare up" of ignimbritic volcanism occurred 10 mya. beneath the local volcanic zone lies the Benioff zone of the subducting Nazca plate.

A pocket of liquid water, which would normally evaporate instantly in the thin Martian atmosphere, is trapped around them by the overlying ice. As this ice layer thins, the microorganisms show through grey. When the layer has completely melted, the microorganisms rapidly desiccate and turn black, surrounded by a grey aureole. The Hungarian scientists believe that even a complex sublimation process is insufficient to explain the formation and evolution of the dark dune spots in space and time.