833 Sentences With "midden" | Random Sentence Generator

There are remnants of indigenous cultures of course, in the form of buried midden.

Heritage Monitoring Scouts use rebar installations to measure the distance from the midden edge to the beach.

The midden of oyster shells behind Lusco's— the tiny O of a bullethole in Booker's plate-glass window.

In one case, they arranged permission to survey a southern Maine midden that had been recorded 49 years ago.

More than half of the midden DNA they identified was bacterial and there was some evidence of ancient viruses.

This allowed them to map a midden without excavating in just two or three days (longer for forested or brushy sites).

A half-mile of mangroves buffered the Cutler Midden, another archeological site on the Deering Estate, against damage wrought by crashing waves.

Her lover and partner, Wick, remains holed up in their booby-trapped, warrenlike refuge, a former apartment building disguised as a midden.

Rising waters had transformed the Damariscotta estuary into an optimal oyster habitat by the time this midden, and another across the river, were created.

Another work, "The Midden," is dramatically suspended in its own space with heaps of plastic waste amassed by the Wertheims between 2007 and 2011.

Artifacts are surfacing in the midden, relics of the tribe's use of shells for tools and weapons—but the average beachgoer might not notice them.

The simplest sort, with rounded head and body carved from a single piece of wood, might have come from an Egyptian tomb or a Mesoamerican midden.

And because rodents breed, sleep, eat and urinate in their nests, their urine eventually crystallizes into a shellac, cementing the midden into an impenetrable, well-preserved mass.

They also identified so-called "midden layers," which are essentially ancient garbage dumps and are likely to shed more light on the lives of the ancient fort dwellers.

Sixty-two-year-old volunteer Paula Streeter surveys the shell midden on Calusa Island, a dot of land off the state's southwest coast once inhabited by Calusa Indians.

From the fantasy-pulp midden, Lee had excavated a gem of a truth: These tales about men and women in garish tights hitting each other were also about more.

The midden, or ancient trash heap, is nearly flush with the water level, which makes this site an ideal candidate for tracking inundation and water rise before and after storm events and king tides.

Paul Midden, PhD, is the author of Absolution and the retired founding CEO of the St. Louis Consultation Center, a treatment center committed to providing psychological and spiritual care for clergy and vowed men and women.

In 2018, for example, researchers homed in on plant pathogen DNA in fossil middens from Chile's Atacama Desert, and another team found the oldest known papillomavirus in a 27,000-year-old midden in the Grand Canyon.

This squishy portion of the riverbank is the site of a prehistoric midden, containing traces of shell tools, pottery, and other daily items that would have been used by Native American tribes who lived on the shore.

When she ventures into their domestic midden she begins to seem like a predator, a fox in a henhouse (indeed, eggs of all kinds are a recurring motif); the narrative balance is wonderfully sly and assured throughout.

Digging up the trash of the past is a long-held archaeological tradition, whether the treasure trove of discarded papyrus text found at Oxyrhynchus, Egypt, or midden heaps of bones and shells showing patterns of ancient life around the world.

But in a study published Tuesday in Ecology and Evolution, paleoecologists show that an expansive approach can be used to sequence all kinds of DNA found in a single midden — the scientific equivalent of moving from spear fishing to casting a broad net.

For "Midden Heap," his immersive exhibit last fall at the Friedman Benda gallery in Manhattan, he fashioned giant, otherworldly aquatic creatures out of refuse like plastic bags, shards of glass and a cast-off toilet seat found at the beach in Brooklyn's Dead Horse Bay.

Beyond these basics, there's a vast, beautiful, glittering midden of applied and miscellaneous knowledge — of natural science, history, material science, design, music, tradecraft and artistic dexterity — and because everything is potentially interesting, everything is potentially worthy of study, and arguing over the fine-grained specifics of the standard curriculum is a waste of time.

The Damariscotta Shell Midden Historic District encompasses a significant collection of shell middens along the Damariscotta River in Lincoln County, Maine. It includes eleven middens in all, including the well-known Whaleback Shell Midden and the Glidden Midden, which is the largest shell midden in the northeastern United States. The area has the largest concentration of such midden sites under conservation protection in the eastern United States.Spiess, Arthur and Cranmer, Leon (1997).

Located on this stretch of river bank, now largely in the hands of the state or conservation organizations, are eleven shell middens. Two of these are famous: the Whaleback Shell Midden, now part of a state historic site, was the east coast's largest shell midden until it was commercially excavated for lime in the late 19th century. Opposite it stands the Glidden Midden, now the largest midden, which escaped that fate because its owner refused permission for commercial excavation. The Whaleback Midden commercial activity was observed by archaeologists, with samples, artifacts, and drawings of the midden cross-sections forming part of its historic record.

Minim Island Shell Midden (38GE46) is a historic midden and archaeological site located near Georgetown, Georgetown County, South Carolina. The site consists of prehistoric midden deposits of shellfish remains, floral and faunal remains, and interred human burials. Cultural materials in the form of ceramics and lithics occur throughout the midden. These deposits are concentrated for a distance of about 100 feet along the shoreline of the Intracoastal Waterway.

Walled settlements are found at Tutuala, Lori Lata, Lopomalai, Ili Mimiraka, Mua Mimiraka, and Tutun (Tutunca'u). Lautem District features Lake Iralaloro. Shell midden sites are situated at Kusu Midden and Valu Beach Midden. Oirata Latamoko, situated at Manuméri Hoiku, is considered to be an ancestral landing site for the Koawatea villagers.

The Tchefuncte Site is located in the marsh a half-mile north of Lake Pontchartrain in eastern Louisiana. The Tchefuncte Site originally contained two oval-shaped shell middens, designated Midden A and Midden B. Midden A is about 52 meters long, 15 m wide, and 1.5 m thick. Midden B was approximately long and wide, but it is no longer in existence. The middens were composed mainly of shells of the brackish-water clam Rangia cuneata.

Zamami was settled as early as the shell midden period of the Ryukyu islands. The period corresponds roughly to the Jōmon period (14,000 - 300 BC) of the Japanese home islands. Shell middens in Zamami include the Furuzamami midden on Zamami Island and the Utaha midden on Aka Island. Zamami emerged under the Ryukyu Kingdom as the Jiyaman magiri.

The Great Marpole Midden (also known as the Eburne Site, or Great Fraser Midden, and known in Halkomelem as c̓əsnaʔəm), is an ancient Musqueam village and burial site located in the Marpole neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia.

They dated the midden to be much later, 800 AD - 1000 AD.

The green area that comprises the municipality of Midden-Delfland was named Midden-Delfland before 2004, and it referred to the green area surrounded by cities (such as The Hague and Rotterdam) and the horticulture area of Westland. The supporters of a continuous green area were lucky that the municipality of Midden-Delfland became a reality: the cities of Delft, Vlaardingen and Schiedam wanted to build new houses here, and the Westland gardeners also wanted to expand. Now, Midden-Delfland is designated as a recreation area for people from the surrounding cities.

Grants are sometimes available to protect these from rain to avoid runoff and pollution. Squirrel midden, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska In the animal kingdom, some species establish ground burrows, also known as middens, that are used mostly for food storage. For example, the North American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) usually has one large active midden in each territory with perhaps an inactive or auxiliary midden. A midden may be a regularly used animal toilet area or dunghill, created by many mammals, such as the hyrax, and also serving as a territorial marker.

The earlier graves at Indian Knoll were found down to five feet into the sand, with the more recent burials inside the shell midden. The deepest were better preserved as a result of the moist sand, even some of the bony tissues and infant skeletons remained intact. The grave structure was usually small, round, and filled in with black midden debris. The burials inside the midden showed no sign of formal walls, thus it is likely that individuals were placed in shallow depressions and filled in with the surrounding shell midden.

This site was particularly affected by the 1964 earthquake, and is subject to erosion. A detailed survey of the island identified five additional midden sites in 1976. One of these, designated SEL-041, has a midden deep, with historical refuse on top of it. The midden is part of what is interpreted as a village site, which has yielded radio carbon dates of CE 1100–1300.

Mathiassen was able to manually excavate through peat, sod, and gravel, portions of 12 sod houses and a kitchen-midden. In 1929, Mathiassen worked on another midden archaeological excavation, and uncovered a Norse culture in Inugsuk, Greenland.Mathiassen, 1930, p.

The Aboriginal Art site at Earlwood comprises a midden in a rock shelter with stencils of hands and feet on the rock walls of the shelter. There are 23 white hand stencils, two of which also depict forearms. Also included are two white foot stencils, a rare occurrence in the Sydney area and throughout Australia. The Midden is largely undisturbed although soil and rubbish lie on top of the midden.

The Musqueam people are the oldest-known residents of Vancouver. The Great Marpole Midden (also known as the Eburne Site, or Great Fraser Midden), is an ancient Musqueam village and burial site located in the Marpole neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia. Also known as the Great Fraser Midden, a thousands-year old deposit of skeletal remains, artifacts, stone and wooden tools, artwork and shells. The village itself was known as .

This shell midden was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Site 253D is a small partially eroded midden, with a variety of scattered artifacts.

From 2011 to 2012, he was an alderman of the municipality of Midden-Delfland.

The site's Hieroglyphic Stairway was buried under a midden dating to the Postclassic period.

More unusual finds include beads, buttons, burnt bone, lead toy soldiers, medieval green-glaze pottery and flint. Most of these items would probably have come from the night soil deposited on the midden and then spread with the manure from the farmyard midden.

There is little evidence of human activity in the early part of the Jōmon period in the Kumamoto Prefecture, because of volcanic activity about 7300 years ago by the Kikai Caldera in Kagoshima Prefecture. The Goryo midden and Kurohashi midden date to the middle age of the Jōmon period. Later, 13 middens in Kumamoto were situated at the height of 5 meters above sea level. In Souhata midden, stored acorns were found.

The shell midden is about long, and varies in width and depth. Moorehead excavated trenches totalling about long and wide, with the deepest central portion of the midden between and deep. Most of the shells were of quahogs of a variety still found in the area, although now smaller in size. He identified ten distinct layers within the midden, typically alternating between vegetative organic matter and layers (sometimes quite deep) of shells.

After being used for cooking, each umu had subsequently been used as a midden. The bottom layer of the midden showed that at the very earliest occupation time shellfish, such as mussels, were much larger, averaging long. The lower layers of the midden also showed that early moa bones were not smashed to get at the marrow as was common in the upper layers. Whale bones were found in the lower layer.

The privy midden (also midden closet) was a toilet system that consisted of a privy (outhouse) associated with a midden (or middenstead, ie a dump for waste). They were widely used in rapidly expanding industrial cities such as Manchester in England, but were difficult to empty and clean. A typical comment was that they were of "most objectionable construction" and "usually wet and very foul". They were replaced eventually by pail closets and flush toilets.

The Kaigarayama Shell Midden is associated with the neighboring Asahi village ruins, which is located 20 minutes on foot from Shin-Kiyosu Station on the Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line. The midden has a diameter of 15 meters and a depth of 2.5 meters. The site is in a low-lying alluvial area of the Kiso River, five meters above the modern sea level, at the northern end of the Nōbi Plain. The lowest layer of the midden dates from the final stages of the Jōmon period and the upper strata is from the early Kofun period, so the midden spans the whole of the Yayoi period.

The upper levels did not appear to be true shell middens, since they only contained roughly 15-20% shell midden volume. The rainwater and groundwater at this site has been sufficient to create a uniform midden level, which aids in preservation of artifacts such as bone.

Salt was produced by burning sea weeds; which has been verified by the presence of burned small seashells. In later years, there were middens with ironware along the Kurokawa river, Shirakawa river, and Kikuchigawa River and in the Futagozuka midden in Kumamoto City, suggesting the production of ironware there. In the Yayoi period, there were 740 middens in Kumamoto Prefecture, comprising 13% of middens in Japan. In the Tokuo midden and the Kogabaru midden, bronze mirrors were excavated.

The Kootenay lichen pounder. The Midden 20(1): 6-9.Turner, N. J. and A. Davis. 1993.

Similar systems still exist in some developing countries, but the term "privy midden" is now an archaism.

The kitchen midden culture stretched chronologically from c.5000 BC onward. Its immediate predecessor was the mesolithic culture of Maglemose, first uncovered in a Zealand bog in 1900; while from c. 2500 BC the midden culture would gradually come under the influence of the newly arrived neolithic farmer.

The Garden Patch site consists of six mounds, three midden areas, and a pond on an ancient dune. The mounds range from less than one meter to a little more than 2.5 meters in height. The mounds and midden areas surround a central plaza with little or no artifacts or refuse.

National Park Service. The Midden: The Resource Management Newsletter of Great Basin National Park. Summer 2016 edition. page 2.

The Midden Halt is a request stop on the Wells and Walsingham Light Railway which serves a camp site.

The Gardiner Pond Shell Midden (also known as RI-101W) is a prehistoric archaeological site in Middletown, Rhode Island, named after George Gardiner who was an early settler in the area. The site includes a large shell midden, in which archaeological finds have been made dating the area's human habitation to the Middle and Late Woodland Period. Finds at the site include agricultural tools such as hoes, planting tools, and stone mortars and pestles. The midden is on the grounds of the Norman Bird Sanctuary.

Pook's Hill contains ancient ruins of a Mayan site. The Mayan residential complex dates to around 830-950 AD. The site has been excavated by members of the Belize Valley Archaeological Reconnaissance Project. The excavations revealed four temples and also a midden. The midden is located between the temples 1 and 2A.

The midden at Nocoroco is mainly composed largely of a black earth accumulation, with pockets of shell and a few larger shell accumulations., Florida Historical Society. The Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 4 (April 1949), p344-345 The midden differs from most common middens in the region, which are mostly shell.

The midden on North Bight Beach was investigated, revealing much about the native diet. Bird, mammal, and fish bones were identified, ranked in order of frequency of appearance. Almost no invertebrates were found in the midden. Twenty-three species of birds were identified from their bones, twenty-one of which were sea birds.

Boutahar mag verbijstering verder te boven komen in Midden-Oosten - Voetbalzone He later played for Umm-Salal and Al-Shamal.

Westerbork was a separate municipality until 1998, when it became part of Middenveld, which was renamed Midden-Drenthe in 2000.

Per this account, a small Shinto shrine near this midden was dedicated to the kami of Mount Kare, a 430-meter mountain to the west of town. A giant, the "Tenaga Myojin" lived on the mountain and had very long arms - so long that it could reach the ocean to pick up shellfish (its favorite food), whose shells it would deposit on what became the Shinchi Shell Midden. The shell midden attracted attention from archaeologists in the Meiji period and initial excavations were conducted in 1890 and in 1924 by Tokyo Imperial University. In addition to the expected shells and animal and fish bones, the midden was found to contain a unique design of pottery with ruffled decoration which was dubbed "Shichi-style pottery".

A closeup of a shell midden in Argentina. A midden (also kitchen midden or shell heap) is an old dump for domestic waste which may consist of animal bone, human excrement, botanical material, mollusc shells, sherds, lithics (especially debitage), and other artifacts and ecofacts associated with past human occupation. These features, therefore, provide a useful resource for archaeologists who wish to study the diets and habits of past societies. Middens with damp, anaerobic conditions can even preserve organic remains in deposits as the debris of daily life are tossed on the pile.

The Asahi shell midden is located in the southwestern part of Himi, on the Asahiyama hill which extends from the west to the east through the center of the city area. An excavation survey was conducted by Tokyo Imperial University several times since the discovery of the midden in July 1918 during the construction of a Buddhist temple. The midden dates from the early Jōmon period through the Heian period. During a second survey in 1924, traces of at least two residences with hearths were discovered, overlapping earlier Jōmon period remains.

Hooghalen is a villageBijhouwer J.T.P. (1977). "The Dutch Landscape." Amsterdam: Cosmos. in the municipality Midden-Drenthe, in the Dutch province Drenthe.

Pig bones were the most common bones found in the village midden heaps, accounting for up to 70% of all bones.

Nests are usually within the midden, but regional variations to this rule occur. When not contained within the midden, the nest is usually concealed in a rocky crevice behind a barricade of sticks. In coniferous forests, the woodrat may build its house as high as 50 feet (15 m) up a tree. Bushy-tailed woodrats do not hibernate.

Doors at west provide evidence of location of former wharf. ;Fish pond Concrete pool measuring , featuring more recent concrete sea wall, mesh sunshades and filter units. ;Aboriginal middens # Rockshelter with midden deposits which extend downslope for a distance of at least five metres below the shelter. # Small area of midden down near holding pens on western side of complex.

Placing middens on conspicuous sites could attract the attention of hunters and provide the hunters with information about the location and activity of their prey. A group of researchers examined midden selection and use by mountain gazelles (Gazella gazelle) in central Saudi Arabia and hypothesized that if middens are used for territorial or communication purposes, then they would tend to be placed at the largest trees in the immediate area. Additionally, if mountain gazelle midden selection and use was predictable, then this would corroborate poachers' claims that gazelles are easy to hunt because of their predictable behavior. Ultimately it was found that midden size and the freshness of newly deposited feces could inform poachers about the gazelles' rates of midden use and potentially which middens are used more often.

Satellite photo of the area Hoogezand is a town in the municipality of Midden- Groningen, in the province of Groningen in northeast Netherlands.

The Whaleback Shell Midden in Maine resulted from oyster harvesting from 200 BC to 1000 AD. A shell midden or shell mound is an archaeological feature consisting mainly of mollusk shells. The Danish term køkkenmøddinger (plural) was first used by Japetus Steenstrup to describe shell heaps and continues to be used by some researchers. A midden, by definition, contains the debris of human activity, and should not be confused with wind- or tide-created beach mounds. Some shell middens are processing remains: areas where aquatic resources were processed directly after harvest and prior to use or storage in a distant location.

It was partially excavated in 1957 by Waseda University. The midden is annular, forming a shell ring, but truncated to the east and southwest, and has a thickness of over two meters, indicating that it had been used for many centuries. An unusual feature of the midden is that some layers consist almost exclusively of a certain type of artifact (for example, only oyster shells, or only fish bones, etc). However, in general, the midden has a typically mixed composition including many varieties of shellfish, fish bones, and the bones of mammals such as dogs, Sitka deer, whales, wolves and dolphins.

Dik-dik in Tarangire National Park, Tanzania. This species of ungulate utilizes dung middens as territory markers and have been implied to use middens in anti-parasite behavior via fecal avoidance. The widespread presence of dung midden use throughout the animal kingdom is coupled with a distinct variation in how dung middens are used from species to species. Dung midden use has been implicated in the context of both intraspecific markers of territory, sexual availability, and a part of anti- parasite behavior, but also as an essential part of the ecosystem, with interspecies interactions between the creators and users of dung midden piles.

The is an archaeological site consisting of a shell midden and the remains of an adjacent Jōmon period settlement located in what is now the town of Wakuya, Tōda District, Miyagi Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1970.It is the largest shell midden in Miyagi Prefecture.

The is an archaeological site in what is now the city of Tsugaru, Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan with an early Jōmon period shell midden. The site was designated a National Historic Site in 1944 by the Japanese government. It is a rare example of a shell midden to be found near the coast of the Sea of Japan.

In recent years DuPont has undergone a transformation with the realization of the modern planned community of "Northwest Landing". The city is expected to have a built-out population of more than 12,000. In 1975, the midden for the Sequalitchew Archeological site was added to the National Register of Historic Places, it being the oldest known midden in Washington state.

Roughly 500 meters eastward from the fort is a tomb. Originally, the site accommodated a midden, but this midden was eventually converted into a raised entrance once a small rectangular building was built next to it. Structural evidence indicates that it is likely this building did not have a roof. It is not known who was buried in the tomb.

In 2008, a wonderfully preserved, deeply buried Early Classic midden was discovered at the Bedrock site. Excavations of this group will continue in 2011.

Botanisch en floristisch verslag. In: D.W. Buijs, H. Witkkamp, F.H. Endert, H.C. Siebers & D.F.K. Bosch. Midden-Oost-Borneo Expeditie 1925. G. Kolff & Co., Weltevreden.

It has been repeatedly visited by the Officers of the Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council, including Allen Madden who commented that "This shelter also reminds us if our traditions - of caring for country and maintaining links between people and the earth, the water and the animals".Madden 2008 The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The site is of State heritage significance as a rare example of an occupation site containing art and a midden site with a huge potential resource for research into the traditional Aboriginal culture. The midden may potentially yield archaeological information relating to the diet and subsistence practices of the Aboriginal people who created the midden, the age of the midden, and the local environment at the time.

There is a midden on the creek bank which contains shells of clam and oyster, brown bottle debris, ceramic fragments, metal, and assorted domestic artefacts.

The earliest deposits discovered so far at Blue Creek come from a complex midden in front of and beneath the Temple of the Masks. During the 1995, 1996 and 1997 seasons, a large portion of the midden was excavated. By the Middle Preclassic period, Blue Creek was apparently a nucleated village engaged in complex communal ritual. No structural remains have yet been found from this period.

Only a small portion of this midden remains today as much of it was processed into chicken feed from 1886 to 1891 by the Massachusetts-based Damariscotta Shell and Fertilizer company, eroded by rising sea levels, or looted. Because of this, the Glidden midden, located across the river in Newcastle, is now the largest in Maine and the largest on the U.S. east coast north of Georgia.

It is known from the literature that the site consists of a large sand burial mound and a midden. Based on the ceramics taken from the midden, the burial mound and midden date from 800 BC - 500 BC, the Glades I Period, due to the Orange ceramics and early Glades and St. Johns ceramics found there. Several Calusa metal tablets, one silver and one copper, examples of 16th-century post-colonial artifacts, were extracted from the site.Allerton, David, The Florida Anthropologist 1984, 36-38 Use of the site into the early 19th century has been recorded, including use as a fishing camp by Cuban fishermen.

10,000, of Pasimbahan site located within the Magsanib district of Dewil. In addition, the assemblage of artifacts discovered by the UP-ASP and National Museum in the deposit labeled Midden 2, one of the caves in the Dewil Valley which was first investigated for its archaeological material in the year 2007, were composed of mainly of stone tools, together with consumed animal remains and shell fish. Stone tools found in Midden 2 were cobble size stone tools associated with shell food remains, and pig bones. These finds negated the hypothesis that the deposits labeled Midden 2 were not actually an in situ assemblage of stones, bones, and shells.

For the first winter edition of the show, the Islanders will stay at the Midden Cottage, located in the "ultra-wealthy" Constantia suburb of Cape Town.

Although there is archaeological evidence of Aboriginal occupation in the Municipality of Ashfield (including midden deposits), there is none known within the boundaries of the listing.

Coprinus sterquilinus, the midden ink cap, is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It grows on animal dung and occurs in Europe, Asia and America.

The common hippopotamus has been known to use dung middens as a social tool. The middens are created and maintained by bulls to mark territorial boundaries. To mark their scent upon a midden, the bull will approach the midden in reverse and simultaneously defecate and urinate on the mound, using its tail to disperse, or paddle, the excrement. This action is called dung showering and thought to assert dominance.

This "midden material" contained various kinds of woodland animal bones, fish bones, turtle shells, broken pottery, broken hand tools and arrowheads. By the time of abandonment, the midden area had reached in length, in width, in depth, and was formed into a crescent shape. Two large platform mounds are believed to have been used primarily for ceremonial purposes. A paved loop trail passes by each mound, with signs interpreting the mounds.

The mound was built over the midden between 1200–1541 during the Plaquemine/Mississippian period. This was further confirmed by stylistic analysis of pottery found at the site.

The village of Westerbork is located at , part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, in the middle of the province of Drenthe in the northeast of the Netherlands.

Diagram of an improved midden closet in Nottingham The midden closet was a development of the privy, which had evolved from the primitive "fosse" ditch. The early version was essentially an outhouse for public use, located over a hole in the ground at a public dump. In a speech given to the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1876 a Mr Redgrave described the midden closet as representing "the standard of all that is utterly wrong, constructed as it is of porous materials, and permitting free soakage of filth into the surrounding soil, capable of containing the entire dejections from a house, or from a block of houses, for months and even years". Later improvements, such as a midden closet built in Nottingham, used a brick-raised seat above a concave receptacle to direct excreta toward the centre of the pit—which was lined with cement to prevent leakage into the surrounding soil.

Honey Creek is a tributary of the Llano River, and an archaeological site located on the Edwards Plateau, between Grit and Streeter, in Mason County, Texas. The prehistoric midden site (41MS32) has been of interest to scientific research since 1987, when Glenn T. Goode of the Texas Department of Transportation uncovered it during an otherwise routine infrastructural project. Stephen L. Black and the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory included it in a wider study of burned-rock midden. Researchers have been able to date the midden at Honey Creek, used to bake native plants, to having evolved 1110–1700 AD, and is the end result of an estimated 165 ovens used by hunter-gatherer bands over that six-century period.

The location of this shell midden is on a tongue-shaped ocean terrace near the southern border of Minamisōma, approximately 700 meters from the present coastline and at an altitude of approximately 20 meters. The surrounding alluvial area was reclaimed in modern times, and formerly consisted of rice paddies and forest, with a lagoon extending inland almost to the site of the midden. The foundation of a pit dwelling, a group of pillar holes and a grave were also found at the site. The midden itself extends 20 meters from east to west and 40 meters from north to south, and has a maximum depth of 1.8 meters, indicating that the site had been occupied for many centuries.

Through Dr Bowdler's investigation, she concluded that there is potential that the individual shell midden sites on the northern shoreline could represent one single continuous midden site. It is also highly probable that there may be unrecorded Aboriginal artefact scatters and burial sites on the reserve (either individually or in association with midden sites). In regard to shipwrecks, the location of the Bertha remains undiscovered and it is also possible that there are further shipwrecks that have gone unrecorded in present documentation. Bass Point Reserve is an evolving and naturally changing landscape but its designation as a nature reserve has ensured that the site will remain a natural environment into the future while maintaining its use for recreational purposes.

Although it has been subject to earlier archaeological investigations (in 1969/70 by Dr Sandra Bowdler and again in 1974 by Hughes & Sullivan), there is great potential for further archaeological discoveries, both terrestrial and maritime. Through Dr Bowdler's investigation, it was concluded that there is potential that the individual shell midden sites on the northern shoreline could represent one single and continuous midden. It is also highly probable that there may be unrecorded Aboriginal artefact scatters and burial sites on the reserve (either individually or in association with midden sites). In regard to shipwrecks, the location of the Bertha remains undiscovered and it is also possible that there are further shipwrecks that have gone unrecorded in present documentation.

Radiocarbon dating of a shell midden in Gran Guaiteca has yielded an age of about 5,100 years B.P. making this a minimum age for human presence in the archipelago.

Oranje is a small town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 13 km southwest of Assen.

Enterprise voted to de-incorporate in 1895. Its distinctive midden, once featured on the city seal, would disappear, as well as the shells used to pave streets and sidewalks.

Although most Monongahela villages were stockaded,George, Richard L. National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Deffenbaugh Site (36FA57). National Park Service, 1981-07-31, 3. the village at the Foley Site clearly had no stockade. However, the site was accompanied by a large midden; along with European trade goods found elsewhere at the site, the midden has demonstrated that the site was occupied during the first third of the seventeenth century.

Fish hooks made of stone were found in Amakusa. A peculiar style of earthenware called kokushokukenmadoki was developed according to the development of living styles. Burned rice corns and barley corns were found in a dugout (shelter) dwelling in Uenobaru midden in Kumamoto City.The History of Kumamoto City 770 Archaeological sites were found in the Jōmon period in Kumamoto Prefecture, including Kannabe midden, Kumamoto in which Dogūs and ground stones were found.

Core samples taken during investigations at the site have revealed the mound was built in a single stage. Because the fill types can still be differentiated, the mound is thought to be relatively young. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal found in a midden under the mound reveals that the site was occupied from 996–1162 during the Coles Creek period. The mound was built over the midden between 1200–1541 during the Plaquemine/Mississippian culture period.

Flye Point 2, also designated Site 42.43 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Brooklin, Maine. This site includes a large shell midden, and has yielded evidence of human habitation, including "pit house" features, with an estimated occupation time of 1000 CE. The midden is one of the largest of its type on the coast of eastern Maine. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

To the east of the Paleoaucilla, an archaeological site has been found in what may be the ancient channel of the Econfina River. The Econfina Channel Site (8TA139) is offshore and to deep. The site includes an area where stone tools were found and a shell midden, with a spring nearby. Radiocarbon dating of shells from the midden yielded dates of 4510 years BP +/- 461 years, and 2621 years BP +/- 423 years.

Midden deposits are present along the entire foreshore with minor concentrations associated with rock shelters and extensive midden deposits visible beneath building foundations. The area would have provided rich marine resources for inhabitants, in terms of both food resources and shelter. Shellfish and fish such as Sydney rock whelk and Sydney rock oyster were integral to the diet of coastal Aboriginal tribes, as were snapper and bream. Both men and women spent considerable time fishing.

The city of Schiedam is located in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is enclosed between Rotterdam (east), Midden-Delfland (north), Vlaardingen (west) and the river Nieuwe Maas (south).

According to the Dutch opinion magazine HP/De Tijd, the Dutch political party D66 can be seen as radical centrist.Author unspecified (11 November 2011). "Het Radicale Midden". HP/De Tijd.

Despite the wide range of hunting and fishing available, midden surveys in San Lorenzo have found that the domesticated dog was the single most plentiful source of animal protein.Davies, p. 39.

The Numazu Shell Midden is located east of the modern city, near Mankoku Bay, at an elevation of approximately twenty-five meters from the present-day coastline. The midden is very large, extending for 220 meters east-west and 160 meters north-south, with a height of approximately 15 meters, indicating continuous usage over thousands of years. This is also reflected in the composition of the shells within the midden, changing from seawater clams to freshwater clams depending on the changes in the sea level. A preliminary survey was conducted intermittently from 1908 to 1929 by local authorities, during which time over 1200 artifacts such as bone tools and ornaments, along with Jōmon-period pottery and two terracotta animal figurines.

The site was partially destroyed by commercial dredging before 1938. In 1938 construction crews wanted to use shell from the middens for road construction. Before this was done, Clarence Johnson, a historian for the Civilian Conservation Corps directed excavation of the north half of Midden B. The south half had already been destroyed by the commercial dredging. Johnson then turned his material and notes over to the Louisiana Archaeological Survey in Baton Rouge. In 1941 further excavations of Midden B and Midden A were under the direction of Edwin B. Doran, Jr. The results of these investigations were published in 1945 by James A. Ford and George I. Quimby, entitled "The Tchefuncte Culture: An Early Occupation of the Lower Mississippi Valley".

It is also included in the later Lone Hill Phase, circa 4400-3200, a group of sites all located in Jefferson County. Extensive deposits of bone from the Middle Archaic period are present in KYANG's large midden, preserved by its highly alkaline soil, and their high degree of preservation facilitated a comprehensive study of local Middle Archaic bone-working toolmaking technology in 1992. Extensive burials at the site, together with the large midden, testify to its long period of use. A large mussel-shell layer atop the midden appears to indicate that the inhabitants used it as a processing spot for river mussels, while the site's bones appear to indicate that their diet was otherwise based on small mammals and deer.

The inscription was discovered in 1911 near the source of Batanghari river, Padangroco.Hendrik Kern, 'De Wij-inscriptie op het Amoghapâça-beeld van Padang-tjandi (Midden-Sumatra) 1269 Caka', Tijdschrift voor Indische taal-, land- en volkenkunde, Uitgegeven door het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen (TBG), 49, 1907, pp.159-171; also Hendrik Kern, 'De Wij- inscriptie op het Amoghapaca-beeld van Padang Candi (Midden-Sumatra) 1269 Caka', Verspreide Geschriften, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, Vol. VII, 1917, pp.165-75.

A smooth bucket backhoe was used to excavate a total of eighteen trenches as well as a 20 m x 20 m block and a 25 m x 25 m block. The trenches were then cleaned and smoothed by hand trowel. Artifacts emphasizing the Early Archaic, Middle Archaic, Early Woodland, and Middle Woodland periods were identified. Five types of features were found throughout 9WR4: unlined midden pits, rock lined midden pits, rock clusters, post molds, and an early dwelling.

The Daigigakoi Shell Midden is located on the south shore of Matsushima Bay, at an elevation of approximately thirty-five meters from the present-day coastline. The midden is very large, extending for 270 meters east-west and 280 meters north-south, in a roughly horseshoe shape, indicating continuous usage over thousands of years. It is over two meters thick in places. In the central clearing, the remains of at least eight pit dwellings have been found.

There is evidence of a Norse building or settlement near the hotel in the forms of drystone walling, pottery, and traces of midden. According to St Olaf's Saga, Hlodvir Thorfinnsson, the Earl of Orkney, was buried at Huna about 980. The sites are described as a Norse settlement site, enclosure, Norse building, Norse midden and structure, and a Norse burial site. In 1935, a Norse boat burial about west of Huna House was documented by Curle.

The New Middle Party (in Dutch: Nieuwe Midden Partij, NMP) is a Dutch small business-interest political party. The NMP is a marginal party and was only successful during the 1971 elections.

Many sailors from nearby shipwrecks were buried here. The village of De Cocksdorp (named after Nicolaas de Cock) and the hamlets Midden-Eierland and Zuid-Eierland are located in the Eierlandse Polder.

Excavation of Swansea Heads midden In May 2014 sinkholes appeared near houses due to subsidence into the abandoned Swansea coal mine.'Second sinkhole opens up in Swansea', Newcastle Herald, May 28, 2014.

It is located under an overhanging cliff and rock platform, which was used for shelter. This midden is defined as an aboriginal relic and is protected under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1975.

National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Riverton Site. National Park Service, 1978-08, 2. and the Riverton-era clam shell midden known as the Swan Island Site.Maruszak, Kathleen, and Debi A. Jones.

Menterwolde () is a former municipality with a population of in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. On January 1, 2018, Menterwolde merged with Hoogezand-Sappemeer and Slochteren, forming the municipality Midden-Groningen.

The specific epithet comes from the Latin epularis (pertaining to a banquet) which refers to the discovery of the specimens in a kitchen midden containing the remains of meals eaten by prehistoric Polynesians.

The Fleet is considered to be one medieval course of the river. In 1976 excavations in a garden off Trent Lane discovered a small house with low stone walls and a red clay floor outside of which had been a midden. Pottery found included green glazed fragments of jugs made in Lincoln and capable of being dated to c1250AD. Archaeologists were able to restore an almost complete cooking pot which had been broken at this period and thrown away on the midden.

Senuna's shrine consisted of a ritual midden, onto which offerings were thrown, surrounded by a complex of buildings including workshops and accommodation for pilgrims. It was certainly no humble crossroads shrine. The dedicatory artefacts kept in the shrine were subsequently buried together on the edge of the midden, perhaps intended for temporary safe-keeping, in the late 3rd or 4th century CE."A New Goddess for Roman Britain: The 'Near Baldock' Hoard" from the British Museum's Department of Prehistory & Europe.

Artifacts included bone fish hooks, harpoons and swords made from bone, along with the bones of deer and wild boar. A number of human remains were also found. Some of the earthenware pots found at the site appear to have been used for the production of sea salt. The midden is now part of the Nishinohama Historical Site Park; however, the midden itself site backfilled after excavation, and there is now nothing to see except for a stone monument and plaque.

The Padang Roco Inscription was discovered in 1911 near the source of the Batang Hari river.Hendrik Kern, 'De Wij-inscriptie op het Amoghapâça-beeld van Padang-tjandi (Midden-Sumatra) 1269 Caka', Tijdschrift voor Indische taal-, land- en volkenkunde, Uitgegeven door het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen (TBG), 49, 1907, pp.159-171; also Hendrik Kern, 'De Wij-inscriptie op het Amoghapaca-beeld van Padang Candi (Midden-Sumatra) 1269 Caka', Verspreide Geschriften, The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, Vol. VII, 1917, pp.165-75.

The farmstead consists of two adjacent rounded rectangular thick-walled buildings with very low doorways facing the sea. The larger and older structure is linked by a low passageway to the other building, which has been interpreted as a workshop or a second house. They were constructed on an earlier midden, and were surrounded by midden material which has protected them. There are no windows; the structures were presumably lit by fire, with a hole in the roof to let out smoke.

Period III ran from between 600 and 800 to between 1200 and 1400. The ceremonial center was no longer active. Two places on the natural levee along Fisheating Creek, Midden A and part of Midden B, were occupied during this period, as was Mound A for at least the early part of the period. There was little change in the artifacts left by Period III inhabitants compared to artifacts from Period II. There is no evidence of maize cultivation from Period III.

In some cases, it has been found that midden piles are the focal points of grazing lawns, not the other way around, as demonstrated by high frequency of grazing when old middens are present.

Qaren midden: Unni ayḥağen d̠ug ass, adeffeγen arraw ennes d̠iferd̠asen. They say: he that tells stories in the daytime, his children will turn bald. Ţḥağen γir d̠eg iḍ They only tell stories at night.

The restoration of De Haensmolen was completed in October 2007 and it was officially reopened on 12 May 2008. On completion of the restoration, the mill was transferred to the Stichting Molens De Lege Midden ().

Group 15 Structure 5 was found to have a midden near the northwest corner from which were excavated a large amount of Terminal Classic potsherds together with a few pieces dating to the Postclassic Period.

The Midden Curaçao Formation probably formed in the Paleocene based on poorly preserved foraminifera fossils. There is an unconformity between Cretaceous rocks and this formation, which includes remnants of submarine fan deposits along with andesite metamorphosed to greenschist grade. Parts of the formation date to the Eocene, while the upper units formed in the Oligocene. Together with the Knip Group, the Midden Curaçao Formation is intruded by intermediate igneous rocks, which caused contact metamorphism up to zeolite grade on the sequence of metamorphic facies.

Blesbok in Malolotja Nature Reserve, Swaziland. Dung midden from this species is cycled through the local ecosystem through its interactions with harvester termites. Dung with high parasite loads are a significant source of fecal-oral transmitted parasites, which impose a high cost on individual fitness in wild ungulates. Quantifying studies of parasite loads in dung midden piles of free ranging dik-dik found that nematode concentrations were elevated in the vicinity of middens in comparison to single fecal-pellet groups or dung-free areas.

The Lambert Farm Site was located in Warwick, Rhode Island, in the coastal plains above Narragansett Bay. Its principal feature was a shell midden, which had only been slightly damaged by agricultural activity in the area at the time of its discovery. The midden includes remains of shellfish, bone, and ceramics, and is surrounded by a collection of stone artifacts. The area has been known to be of prehistoric significance since at least 1897, but was only first surveyed by professional archaeologists in 1980.

Whaleback Shell Midden is a shell midden, or dump, consisting primarily of oyster shells located on the east side of the Damariscotta River in Maine, United States. It is preserved as a Maine state historic site and was included as part of the Damariscotta Oyster Shell Heaps listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. Other shell middens are located on the estuary in both Damariscotta and Newcastle. The middens in this area were formed over about 1,000 years between 200 BC to AD 1000\.

Key sites in field work on Savai'i island include prehistoric settlements situated inland at Sapapali'i, extensive village settlements in Palauli, where the Pulemelei Mound is situated and a midden site at the village of Siutu on the south coast. Archaeological Excavations at the Siutu Midden Site, Savai’i Island by Tomo Ishimura and Tomohiro Inoue, The Journal of Samoan Studies, Vol. 2, 1006. Retrieved 1 November 2009 Archaeological work at Sapapali'i was carried out by Jackmond, who surveyed a 20 hectare area and discovered extensive prehistoric ruins.

They would gather prey remains to form a midden (piles of shells, bones and rocks) the midden is used to conceal the entrance to their den. Sometimes mature M. maorum have been located in Eaglehawk Bay in Tasmania nobody knows why they aggregate here or where they come from. M. maorum has a significant economic effect on rock lobster fisheries in New Zealand and Southern Australia. M. maorum will prey on trapped southern rock lobster killing many and leaving some lobster missing limbs making them unsellable.

Bruntinge is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 13 km northeast of Hoogeveen.ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland, Topografische Dienst and ANWB, 2005.

Hijkersmilde is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 13 km southwest of Assen.ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland, Topografische Dienst and ANWB, 2005.

Laaghalerveen is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 8 km south of Assen.ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland, Topografische Dienst and ANWB, 2005.

A midden is a waste pit. The term is still used in Scotland and has come by extension, to refer to anything that is a mess, including people. This reflects McNulty's rather knobbly and unattractive face.

The shells extend down from the surface by from the center; the difference between the heights is the result of floods since the midden was created, which have deposited multiple layers of earth around the base.

Frank and Lizzie Webb Guptill built their home on the prehistoric Archaic Midden in 1901. They rented rooms to winter boarders. Ten years later, the home was acquired by Mrs. Potter Palmer and called Hill Cottage.

The Ronde van Midden-Nederland is a road bicycle race held annually in Netherlands. It was organized as a 1.2 event on the UCI Europe Tour from 2005 to 2013, and as a 2.2 since 2015.

A small number of the skeletons were in long cists but the majority were simple shroud burials. A dump or midden above the cemetery contained many elephant ivory off-cuts dating to the 18th or 19th centuries.

In 1920, Bünnemeijer explored Mount Kerintji between February 6 and May 12, before passing the Barisan Range on May 20 and leaving Kerintji Valley.Bünnemeijer, H.A.B. 1921. Reizen in het bergland van Midden-Sumatra. l.c. 10: 1–78.

The Kimball Island Midden Archeological Site is an archaeological site near Astor, Florida. It is located approximately seven miles southeast of Astor. On December 11, 1979, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Density, breeding performance and stability of Martial Eagles Polemaetus bellicosus breeding on electricity pylons in the Nama-Karoo, South Africa. Annalen-Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika. Zoologische Wetenschappen.Lehman, R. N., Kennedy, P. L., & Savidge, J. A. (2007).

Numerous examples of stone tools were found, including several hoes and a dagger of Dover chert. Excavations of a midden deposit in October 1999 produced a wealth of cultural material, including a unique perforated owl effigy rattle.

Gaskell, G., and Joerges, B. (Eds). (1987) Public Policies and Private Actions. Aldershot: Avebury WZB Monnier, E., Gaskell, G., Ester, P., Joerges, B., LaPillone, C.J.H., Midden, C., and Puiseux, L. (Eds). (1986). Consumer Behavior and Energy Policy.

The Yoshigo Shell Midden dates from the late to final Jōmon period, in an alluvial area with an altitude of 6 meters above the current sea level, on a gentle slope facing Atsumi Bay. The midden is not very large, with an area of 4100 square meters, but is considered large for the region. It was found to contain a variety of shells, fish and animal bones and broken bone tools, and pottery shards. Of note was discovery of a large Jōmon period necropolis containing the intact remains of 341 individuals.

The site is situated within the context of a rock outcropping from the sandstone ridgeline which dominates the landscape on the south side of the Cooks River valley at Earlwood. The art is situated inside the rock shelter, which is open on its north side, looking out over the Cooks River valley. The midden deposit is situated at the mouth and on the floor of the rock shelter. Mature plantings which previously screened the rock shelter have been removed, exposing the rock shelter and midden to the elements.

The pail closet was an evolution of the midden closet (privy midden), an impractical and unsanitary amenity considered a nuisance to public health. The pail system was popular in France and England, particularly in the historic Lancashire town of Rochdale, from which the system commonly took its name. The pail closet was not without its own problems; if the pail was not emptied on a regular basis, it overflowed and became unhygienic. Some manufacturers lined the pail with absorbent materials, and other designs used mixtures of dry earth or ash to disguise the smell.

Manchester was one such city and by 1877 its authorities had replaced about 40,000 middens with pail and midden closets, rising to 60,000 by 1881. The soil surrounding the old middens was cleared out, connections with drains and sewers removed and dry closets erected over each site. A contemporary estimate stated that the installation of about 25,000 pail closets removed as much as of urine and accompanying faeces from the city's drains, sewers and rivers. The midden closet was a development of the privy, which had evolved from the primitive "fosse" ditch.

Most of this midden consists of oyster shells, which were harvested in the winter and spring. The other eight middens are all roughly dated, like the first three, to Maine's Middle Ceramic Period. Some of them are subjected to erosive forces due to their location on the banks of the river, while others have had their upper layers damaged by agricultural activity. The historic district includes one non-midden site, Maine Survey 26.47, which includes an Indian burial mound where at least one set of remains was found, as well as stone artifacts.

The midden was more than six meters thick in places, and a wide variety of relics have been excavated. The many thousands of years of continuous occupation and clear stratification of the midden enabled researchers to develop a pottery chronology which had a great influence on the later Jōmon research. In addition to vast numbers of shells, the mound included chestnuts, acorns, the bones of large oceanic fish, and the bones of deer, wild boar and numerous species of birds. More than sixty examples of human remains were also found.

Flye Point is located on the east side of Brooklin, jutting into Blue Hill Bay to the north of Naskeag Point, where the more well-known Goddard Site is located. This site's principal feature is a large shell midden, with a length of at the time of its National Register listing. The site is subject to tidal erosion, and it was estimated at that time to already have lost about half of its original material. Shell deposits in the midden are about thick, with crushed shells near the top and whole shells at the bottom.

The East Chisenbury midden is a notable example of a large dump of archaeological material, dating to the 1st millennium BC. Now within a military training area, the midden mound contains discrete layers of flint, charcoal, bones, pottery and excrement. It survives to a height of and is wide despite 2,500 years of weathering. The accumulation is believed by some archaeologists to have a ritual basis, with organised deposition of produce and waste being suggested as an explanation for its size and longevity. All Cannings Cross, to the north, is a similar site.

The community was the center of a bead- and turquoise-processing industry that influenced the development of all villages in the canyon; chert tool production was also common. It shares its mesa with another great house, Nuevo Alto, both of which are now protected within the borders of Chaco Culture National Historical Park. Storerooms at Pueblo Alto opened to the outside rather than into the interior rooms and there was a huge midden of pottery. This and chert found in the midden came mostly from the Chuska area 70 km (43 mi) to the west.

The site is located on an isolated hill with an elevation of 15-20 meters over the surrounding Ōsaki plains. Per excavations conducted in 1965, 1974 and 1975, the remains of an early to middle Jōmon period settlement were found on the southern side of the hill, with the shell midden on the eastern side. The shell midden contained shells from mostly freshwater shellfish, but also had oyster shells, despite its distance from the ocean. The settlement extended for approximately 490 meters east-west by 120 meters north-south.

Midden-Drenthe () is a municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. The municipality was created in 1998, in a merger of the former municipalities of Beilen, Smilde, and Westerbork. Between 1998 and 2000, the name of the municipality was Middenveld.

The Bubba Midden is a historic site near Green Cove Springs, Florida. It is located on Fleming Island, northwest of Green Cove Springs. On March 2, 1990, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Lamanai copper objects all were found associated with elite burials except for one object found in a cache and one found in a midden. Copper objects were found in six of the 97 burials excavated in these two structures.

The Galt Island Archeological District (also known as the Galt Island Shell Midden or Galt Island Burial Mound) is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on May 21, 1996) located on Galt Island, near St. James City, Florida.

Map of the wildlife refuge A 9-meter (30 ft) prehistoric midden known as the Shell Mound, which may be as much as 3,000 years old, is enclosed within the refuge, along with other evidence of ancient human habitation.

The Old Colony Cove Site is an archaeological site near Rose Haven in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. The site consists of a shell midden and is long by wide. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

CRIBB, R (2000) An Assessment of Comalco's Cultural Heritage Proposals. Unpublished Report to the Cape York Land Council.CRIBB, R (1992)Preliminary Report on the Excavation of an Aboriginal Midden Site at Bailey's Creek Mouth. Unpublished report for Concrete Constructions Pty Ltd.

Ester, P., Gaskell, G., Joerges, B., Midden, C., de Vries, T., and van Raaij, W. (Eds) (1984). Consumer Behaviour and Energy Policy. North Holland, Amsterdam, New York. Gaskell, G., and Sealy, A.P. (1976). Groups: Block 13, D305 Social Psychology, p. 81\.

According to archaeologist Jeffrey McClain Mitchem, the burial mound and midden have been excavated by numerous persons, beginning with prominent Florida looter Montague Tallant, who donated some of his finds to the Florida Museum of Natural History. Gordon R. Willey gives a concise account of the site in his Archaeology of the Gulf Coast Florida for the Smithsonian Institution. Prior to his research, the burial mound was 27.4 m by 1.8 - 2.5 m high and contained both Glades Plain and Weeden Island pottery. In the 1950s the shell midden was excavated by John Goggin and William Plowden.

The predominant feature of the Stoner Site is a wide semicircular midden that is believed to have been the site of a prehistoric village. With a diameter of almost and a height of nearly , the midden contains numerous postholes, but its most prominent feature is found at its northeastern corner: a substantial mound measuring by and approximately high. Despite its prominent size, the mound has been greatly reduced since the middle of the 20th century; before that time, the site was covered by woods, but cultivation since that time has reduced the mound from its previous height of .

Along with the usual clam shells and fish and animal bones, the midden was found to contain many examples of stoneware and earthenware pottery. The presence of early Yayoi pottery typical of the Onga River of western Japan, and streak-type Jōmon pottery shards typically from eastern Japan together in the same strata indicate that both cultures co- existed for a time in the same settlement. The midden was discovered in 1929, and was excavated in 1972 due to construction of an interchange junction on Japan National Route 302. It is the largest of several middens in the area.

The Mount Taylor period is named after the Mount Taylor site (8VO19), a large shell midden on the St. Johns River in northwestern Volusia County, Florida. The absence of ceramics in the lowest levels of the Mount Taylor midden was noted in the late 19th century by C. B. Moore. Archaeologists working in the first half of the 20th century established that ceramic‑free layers existed in many middens and mounds in eastern Florida. John Goggin defined the Mount Taylor period to cover a number of middens and mounds in northeastern Florida that lacked ceramics, but had similar artifact assemblages.

His final article published in Science in 1979 was based on excavations of early microblade assemblages at Namu in 1977. From 1948 to 1957, Borden excavated material and undertook salvage archaeology projects in the 1950s and 1960s at the Marpole Midden, also known as Great Marpole Midden. Borden "was the first to draw links between contemporary Musqueam peoples and excavated remains." At the time of his death, however in 1978, in spite of his best intentions, all of the Marpole material was in storage and still required "full description, quantification and publication of the original data" on which they were based.

The Sixtoe Mound was located over from the village site and most likely served as a ceremonial center, which had large dormitory-like structures, two of which were by , on the mound summit. These structures were not burned down, but were rather built over, or one building would fall apart and a new one was then built over the remains. Unlike the village, midden accumulation in these structures was relatively scarce. Midden was most likely thrown into quarry pits made during construction of the mound and contained little animal bones, ash, or charcoal, which also differed from the village site.

Comer retired from whaling in 1912. In 1915, Comer served as ice master on the George B. Cluett, chartered by the American Museum of Natural History to bring back Donald MacMillan's men from the Crocker Land Expedition at Etah, in northern Greenland. En route, the Cluett became ice trapped for two years, giving Comer opportunity to perform archaeological excavations at Mount Dundas (Umánaq, Uummannaq or Umanak), a hill near Pituffik, where he unearthed evidence of what is now referred to as the Thule people, ancestors of the Inuit. His find is called "Comer's Midden" as it included a kitchen-midden.

Located on the northwest shore of Matsushima Bay, this shell midden is on a small peninsula about 15 meters from the current coastline. The midden measures 130 meters from east-west and 200 meters from north-south. As with the nearby Satohama shell mound, it is considered a type site for Jōmon period artifacts in the southern Tohoku region. Excavation in 1959 to 1960 and from 1966 to 1967 found remains from the early through the late Jōmon period, extending through the Yayoi period, Kofun period and into the early Heian period, indicating continuous occupation of this site for many thousands of years.

This plaza and its twenty associated mounds are the second largest such grouping at the Cahokia site, after the Grand Plaza area which includes Monks Mound and is encircled by the palisade. Mound 34 lies at the northern end of a string of mounds that define the western edge of the Ramey plaza. This construction required the leveling of the area and the removal of much of the village midden that had accumulated over the previous two centuries of occupation, pp to in some areas. This removed midden material, along with nearby earth from borrow pits, was used to build the mounds.

Midden closets were still used in the latter part of the 19th century but were rapidly falling out of favour. A Mr Redgrave, in a speech to the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1876, said that the midden closet represented "... the standard of all that is utterly wrong, constructed as it is of porous materials, and permitting free soakage of filth into the surrounding soil, capable of containing the entire dejections from a house, or from a block of houses, for months and even years". The 1868 Rivers Pollution Commission reported two years later: "privies and ashpits are continually to be seen full to overflowing and as filthy as can be... These middens are cleaned out whenever notice is given that they need it, probably once half-yearly on an average, by a staff of night-men with their attendant carts." Midden closets were, therefore, generally insanitary and were also difficult to empty and clean.

Orvelte () is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 18 km northeast of Hoogeveen. Less than 100 people live in the village. Orvelte presents itself as a museum village.

Samples from the area of Neolithic occupation (hut and midden), radiocarbon dated in 1973, indicated a date of around 2370 BP, the beginning of La Tène culture, at the early British Iron Age, but were considered unacceptable by the National Museum Wales.

Shell middens were studied in Denmark in the latter half of the 19th century. The Danish word køkkenmødding (kitchen mound) is now used internationally. The English word "midden" (waste mound) derives from the same Old Norse word that produced the modern Danish one.

Pook's Hill is a private forest reserve, bird sanctuary, and archaeological site in Cayo District, Belize, west of Belmopan. The Mayan site contains temples, a plazuela, midden, banquet hall, and burial sites. Facilities within the reserve include Pook's Hill Lodge, an ecotourism resort.

Although midden studies do not provide information beyond the late Pleistocene, they do indicate that, in gross form, the climate of the Gran Desierto as recorded by plant communities has been desert-like since at least the peak of the Wisconsinan glaciation.

WSRT in operation in 2006 Single antenna in 2006 The Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) is an aperture synthesis interferometer near World War II Nazi detention and transit camp Westerbork, north of the village of Westerbork, Midden-Drenthe, in the northeastern Netherlands.

Society for American Archaeology. The second component was dated between 4600–3200 years ago and the third to ca. 3000–1300 years ago. The latter two components consisted of ground and slate tools The deposits included shell midden and fire cracked debris.

Struvite was first described in 1845 by the German chemist (1811–1883), who found crystals of struvite in what he surmised had once been a medieval midden in Hamburg, Germany; he named the new mineral after the geographer and geologist (1772–1851) of Hamburg.

The is an archaeological site containing a Jōmon period shell midden located in what is now part of the city of Tahara, Aichi on the Atsumi Peninsula in the Tōkai region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1951.

The cultural deposits are about 6 to 3 meters thick. Primarily fresh water shells are found in the midden. Ropes, reed baskets and similar items were plentiful. Very old stone weights used for nets were excavated, as well as many other items made of stone.

The old village around 1915-30.J. Van Venetien (1968). Hart van Kennemerland: Album van het leven en werken in Midden-Kennemerland door de eeuwen heen. p.212. After the time of knights and nobles, Heemskerk remained a small, quiet village near the dunes.

Siutu is a village on the island of Savai'i in Samoa. It is situated on the southeast coast of the island in Palauli district. The population is 683 (2006 Census). Archaeology in Samoa uncovered pre-historic samples at a midden site in the village.

"Off the Beaten Track: The Church of St. Anne", Jerusalem Post, 17 November 2011 After the conquest of Jerusalem by Saladin in 1187 it was transformed into a Shafi`i fiqh (Islamic law school). Gradually the buildings fell into ruin, becoming a midden (waste dump).

The relics date from the late 8th century to the 10th century, and a large number of broken tiles and shards were found together in a midden, which may indicate that they were destroyed by an earthquake known to have occurred in 869 AD.

Earlwood Aboriginal Art Site is a heritage-listed Aboriginal cultural site at Earlwood, City of Canterbury-Bankstown, New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as Aboriginal Art and Midden. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 27 November 2009.

The is an archaeological site containing a late Jomon period shell midden located in what is now part of the town of Higashiura, Aichi in the Tōkai region of Japan. The site was designated as a National Historic Site by the Japanese government in 1953.

Kropswolde () is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Midden-Groningen, about 3 km southwest of the town of Hoogezand and 5 km northeast of the town of Zuidlaren.ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland, Topografische Dienst and ANWB, 2005.

A total of 66 pit dwelling foundations were found in this area. A midden was also discovered from this period. The final Jōmon period extended to the east of the original settlement. The style of buildings appears to have transitioned to elevated floor buildings.

The oldest naturally mummified corpse recovered from the Atacama Desert is dated around 7020 BCE.Arriaza, Bernardo T. Beyond Death: The Chinchorro Mummies of Ancient Chile. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1995. Print. Shell midden and bone chemistry suggest that 90% of the people's diet was seafood.

The midden originally had three main layers of shells. In the bottom two layers, individual shells were generally long. These two layers are separated by a layer of soil, and the middle layer is mixed with animal bones. The top layer contains smaller shells.

Zouteveen is a neighbourhood in the municipality Midden-Delfland in the province Zuid-Holland in the Netherlands. It is located between Vlaardingen and Delft, about 3 km south of the town of Schipluiden. There are two hamlets in this area: Negenhuizen and De Kapel.

Ad van der Meer and Onno Boonstra, "Repertorium van Nederlandse gemeenten", KNAW, 2006. The old Zegwaart was a ribbon development along what remains until today as Zegwaartseweg, which is perpendicular to Dorpstraat. It is further divided into Seghwaert-Oost (2723), -Midden (2724) and -Noord (2727).

Later improvements, such as a midden closet built in Nottingham, used a brick-raised seat above a concave receptacle to direct excreta toward the centre of the pit—which was lined with cement to prevent leakage into the surrounding soil. This closet was also designed with a special opening through which deodorising material could be scattered over the top of the pit. A special ventilation shaft was also installed. The design offered a significant improvement over the less advanced midden privy, but the problems of emptying and cleaning such pits remained and thus the pail system, with its easily removable container, became more popular.

The Meadows complex consists of four separate sites which abut each other, on a property that has been owned by a single family since the 18th century. The most prominent feature of each site is a shell midden, with three of them exhibiting signs of habitation. The sites were designated 253A-D when they were discovered during a state-funded survey in 1980, at which time a two- phase excavation of the sites was made.Versaggi, Nina (no date); NRHP nomination for Meadows Archeological District (redacted); available by request from the National Park Service Site 253A is a small site, whose midden is thick, and included fragments of a bone awl.

Known as Palmer site 8s02, this is the oldest midden at Historic Spanish Point, dating to before 3000 BC. The site is thought to have been built by the Calusa Indian tribe. The Archaic Midden is made up of layers of shellfish, shell tools, pottery and other early artifacts built up through the Late Archaic (5,900-3,200 years ago), Manasota, and Late Woodland (3,200–1,000 years ago) periods. It is the only archaeological exhibit in the United States that is built inside an archaic midden.Historic Spanish Point: Enjoy Nature, Experience Prehistory, Explore Florida's Past, Photos and Design (c) 2009 Laura Dean; Illustration by Sketches, etc.

The site was first described in detail by Warren K. Moorehead, who engaged in a multi-season survey of archaeological sites in Maine in the 1910s and 1920s. He identified the Von Mach Site as one of the larger shell midden sites on the lower reaches of the Bagaduce River, which empties into Penobscot Bay on the central Maine coast. The midden was located on the property of art historian Edmund von Mach, who granted Moorehead permission to excavate the site. Local residents reported to Moorehead that there had been previous work at the site, and he was able to locate trenches nearby consistent with these reports, but no written reports.

On 2 December 2014 Spyker NV was granted a financial restructuring by the Dutch court "Midden Nederland". Spyker needs protection from creditors for its liquidity problems. Victor R. Muller, Spyker founder and chief executive, said “Over the past few years, Spyker has faced a number of serious difficulties and challenges resulting from, among others, the legacy of the F1 era and the acquisition of Saab Automobile AB,”. On 18 December 2014 Spyker NV was declared bankrupt by the Dutch court "Midden Nederland". Victor R. Muller, Spyker founder and chief executive, said “In 2000 our objective was to found a global sports car manufacturer, and we did just that.

Mantinge is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe. The statistical area "Mantinge", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 190.Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statline: Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2003-2005.

Elp is a small village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 15 km south of Assen. The Elp culture was named after the village. In 2001, the village of Elp had 264 inhabitants.

The shell midden dates from approximately 4000 years ago. The Shinto shrine disappeared around 1887, but its foundations were discovered. The site has a stone marker and explanatory signboard. It is located about 30 minutes on foot from Shinchi Station on the JR East Joban Line.

These affected grammar, syntax, sentence structure, and also included a wide variety of new lexical items, which were either based on older forms or borrowed from other languages, especially Aramaic, Greek and Latin.Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Hebreeuwse taal. §1. Oud-Hebreeuws en Midden-Hebreeuws".

The mill's condition again deteriorated under the ownership of the Gemeente Boarnsterhim. Concern was expressed about its condition by the Monumentenzorg and De Hollandsche Molen. Stichting Molens de Leeg Midden was formed and took over the mill. Plans were made to rebuild it at a new location.

Rhinos in Namibia. Rhinos have been known to produce middens that can be 65 feet across. Dung-midden production is also observed in the White and Black rhinoceroses. The middens are shown to provide cues as to the age, sex, and reproductive health of the producer.

The Carlston Annis Shell Mound (designated 15 BT 5) is a prominent archaeological site in the western part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. Located along the Green River in Butler County, this shell midden has been declared a historic site because of its archaeological value.

Trafalgar Site, RI-639 is a prehistoric archaeological site in Warwick, Rhode Island. The site's primary component is a shell midden. Finds at the site include stone tools, bone, and tools for working bone. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

The entrance to Mrs. Palmer's Fern Walk is under the aqueduct. In a natural hollow created by the archaic midden, beautiful ferns and palms are featured.Historic Spanish Point: Enjoy Nature, Experience Prehistory, Explore Florida's Past, Photos and Design (c) 2009 Laura Dean; Illustration by Sketches, etc.

The is an archaeological site in what is now part of the city of Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan, with an initial Jōmon period shell midden. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1981 by the Japanese government.

The is an archaeological site in the Odaka area of the city of Minamisōma, Fukushima Prefecture, in the southern Tōhoku region of northern Japan containing an early Jōmon period shell midden. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2006 by the Japanese government.

The location of the shell midden is on a river terrace on the right bank of the Gonohe River in northern Hachinohe, at an altitude of approximately 10 to 20 meters. The area was first surveyed by the Aomori Prefectural Cultural Heritage Expert Committee in 1958, and excavated extensively from 1977-1979 when the site became endangered by the construction on the nearby Kurono Industrial Park. The site dates from the initial Jōmon period (7000 BC) and the shell midden consisted of four separate middens with an average thickness of 40-50 centimeters, increasing to 1.1 meter near the remains of dwellings, indicating that the site had been occupied for many centuries, however no remains of pit dwellings have been discovered. The midden contained the remnants of some 30 varieties of shellfish, bones of nine types of animals, three types of birds, birds and at least 20 different varieties of fish and an extremely large number of Hamaguri shells, indicating the importance of these clams in the early Jōmon period diet.

Very young hyraxes have poor coordination. At an estimated age of under one week they cannot follow their mothers along a branch, but their mobility skills develop rapidly. Within two weeks they will use a midden. They will eat a diverse range of leaves, shoots, bark, fruit, and flowers.

On the southern slope of the hill, three pit dwellings were detected, indicating that there were settlements. The shell midden begins at a depth of 7 meters underground to 3 meters above ground. At the time it was used as a garbage dumping site, it was in the lake.

The province of Isabela used to be a vast rainforest where numerous indigenous ethno-linguistic groups lived. Many of the same ethnic groups still live in the province. Shell midden sites and other archaeological sites throughout the province constitute the material culture of those groups during the classical era.

Oral traditions of people of Wehali principality of East Timor mention their migration from Sina Mutin Malaka or "Chinese White Malacca" (part of Indianised Hindu-Buddhist Srivijaya empire) in ancient times.H.J. Grijzen (1904), 'Mededeelingen omtrent Beloe of Midden- Timor', Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap 54, pp. 18-25.

Oral traditions of people of Wehali principality of East Timor mention their migration from Sina Mutin Malaka or "Chinese White Malacca" (part of Indianised Hindu-Buddhist Srivijaya empire) in ancient times.H.J. Grijzen (1904), 'Mededeelingen omtrent Beloe of Midden-Timor', Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap 54, pp. 18-25.

The Phipps Site (13CK21) is a Late Prehistoric Mill Creek culture archaeological site near Cherokee in Cherokee County, Iowa, United States. Its principal feature, a refuse midden, has yielded important information on the formation of middens in the region. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.

The district includes five midden deposits which indicate the location of prehistoric villages. The site of the village of Hahnomah, which was inhabited by the Kahwatchwah Yokuts, is also located in the district. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 7, 1973.

Neolithic artefacts have been recovered from the plateau at the tip of Raʾs Sharma. Remains of a shell midden have also been found. Around the start of the first millennium, Sharma was probably a seasonal settlement. A Himyarite structure, probably a temple, has been found on the eastern plateau.

Beds were arranged around the walls. The Mandans built dome-shaped houses of logs and earth, known as earth-lodges. The raised areas around the village are midden mounds or earthen mounds ranging from one to ten feet high. There are more than 30 mounds surrounding the village.

Midden is a Scandinavian word, common in a number of north-east English dialects, used to describe a heap or dump of domestic waste; local legend has it that the devil threw the Black Middens into the Tyne to spoil the rich trade in coal shipped from Newcastle.

The rocky ria coast of Iwate Prefecture was densely settled from the early through late Jōmon period, and the locations of such coastal settlements are often marked by shell middens containing the remains of shellfish, fish, animal and whale bones and human-produced artifacts, including earthenware shards, fishing hooks, etc. The Sakiyama Shell Midden is located on a narrow peninsula on the northern end of Miyako Bay, at an altitude of 115 meters above sea level, and approximately 1.5 kilometers from the present coastline. The existence of the midden had been known for a long time. A preliminary survey was conducted in 1924 and in 1956, however urban encroachment in the 1960s destroyed a portion of the site.

The site is exceptionally rare within the local area, being the only one of its kind in the City of Canterbury, and is also rare within the central Sydney region and the State, both for its combination of art and midden deposit, and especially for the presence of rare foot stencils. The site is historically and culturally associated with the Bidigal Aboriginal people. The site has the a high potential to reveal archaeological data and thus increase the understanding of the site and similar sites and their integration into traditional Aboriginal life and culture. The midden deposit may contain artefacts, and evidence relating to diet and subsistence, and the environment of the Cooks River valley prior to European settlement.

Anecdotal information which suggests that stone flakes were found on the site (pre-1974) raises the possibility that the midden and the site would also yield other examples if archaeologically investigated. (Note: there is no intention to excavate the midden deposit now or in the foreseeable future). In addition the stencils on site have not been recorded in great detail. They therefore have the potential to yield further information via a more detailed recording which may locate further stencils as well as measurement information which may indicate the minimum number of individuals responsible, gender and age of the art makers and contribute greatly to the understanding of this site and similar sites across the State.

Territory or home-range maintenance is found in many species of animals as a way to divide resources, including food and mates. Often markers are employed to define such territories, and dung middens are one form of the markers employed. An example of dung midden use for territorial marking is found in the mountain gazelle, in which latrines/dung middens are found in the home-range cores and serve as a concentrated area to repel intruders while facilitating communication amongst the members of the female group. This method of dung midden use is distinct from other species such as the Thornson's gazelle and the Günther's dik-dik, both of which use dung middens as peripheral territory markers instead.

Upon analysis of the middens at Bass Point, Dr Bowdler and Dr Hughes discovered shells and bones of shellfish, fish, wallabies, bandicoots, possums, birds and seals. It was also considered that the many middens along the northern shoreline may, in fact, represent a single continuous midden site. These archaeological excavations revealed the environmental change and evolution of Bass Point over time and, further analysis of the midden sites has shown the development of techniques used by the Aboriginal people to hunt and gather available resources. As a result of these archaeological assessments, Bass Point is now considered to be one of the most significant Aboriginal archaeological sites to be excavated in NSW.

There are remains of human activity in the Tullibody area from Mesolithic times. On Braehead Golf Course, the green-keepers found a midden containing shell remains of mussels, scallops and cockles dating back to 4000 BC. Known as The Braehead Shell Midden it is one of the few found on the north side of the Forth. The Haer Stane, now part of Tullibody War Memorial, is said to have formed part of a circle of standing stones. Forth from Colsnaur Hill It is thought that the church in Tullibody dates from the end of the fourth century and St. Serf ministered to the church in the 5th century on his journeys to Alva.

Gumbaynggir (also "Kumbainggar", as pronounced by the first European settlers) are an Australian Aboriginal group on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales. The Gumbaynggirr Nation is from Tabbimoble Yamba- Clarence River to Ngambaa- Stuarts Point, SWR- Macleay. The Gumbaynggirr have the largest midden-shell deposit in the Southern Hemisphere.

Wijster is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 11 km north of Hoogeveen. In 2001, the town of Wijster had 462 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.15 km², and contained 190 residences.

Spier is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 11 km north of Hoogeveen. In 2001, the town of Spier had 91 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.036 km2, and contained 35 residences.

Witteveen (; ) is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 16 km northeast of Hoogeveen. In 2001, the village of Witteveen had 160 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.049 km², and contained 47 residences.

In pre-Columbian times Chumash Native Americans had a significant settlement named Los Osos Back Bay on a stabilized sand dune to the east of the Elfin Forest.C. Michael Hogan. 2008. Los Osos Back Bay, Megalithic Portal, editor A. Burnham There is a long Chumash midden within the dwarf forest.

However, due to the shell midden material it recommends recording the wall as an Aboriginal site. It also recommended that any work to the east of the Francis Greenway wall that will result in the exposure of the sandstone platforms will require monitoring and detailed recording conducted by a qualified archaeologist.

The rectangular mound now measures in height, with the base being by , and the summit by . Excavations at the site have produced charcoal from beneath the mound that dates to 1020–1260 CE. Pottery recovered from the midden places the occupation of the site to the Late Coles Creek period.

The Chaypee Woods Trail snakes its way through stone walls that hearken back to farming days when dairy cattle, ducks, and chickens were raised there. Steep steps and slopes mix with the vistas of the salt marsh, oak-hickory forest, freshwater wetlands, kettleholes, moraine, and a Native American midden site.

Duluwat Island or Indian Island is located on Humboldt Bay within the city of Eureka, California. The 1860 Wiyot Massacre was perpetrated in the village of Tolowot or Tuluwat on this island. It has also been called Gunther Island. A National Historic Landmark encompasses the midden at Gunther Island Site 67.

Laaghalen is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, about 9 km south of Assen. The statistical area "Laaghalen", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 90.Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statline: Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2003-2005.

260px Hoogersmilde is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 16 km southwest of Assen. In 2001, the town of Hoogersmilde had 730 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.19 km², and contained 305 residences.

Nieuw-Balinge () is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 10 km northeast of Hoogeveen. In 2001, the village of Nieuw-Balinge had 446 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.16 km², and contained 171 residences.

The site is located in a rural area near the Pacific Ocean. The midden has been known since at least the Edo Period. Sakuma Yoshikazu, a local scholar, described it a journal listing the holdings of the Date clan. compiled at the order of the 4th daimyō of Sendai Domain, Date Tsunamura.

The Rhodes Site, designated 31BR90, is a prehistoric archaeological site near Hamilton, North Carolina. It is a deeply buried midden located on the eastern bank of the Roanoke River, and has been dated to the Middle and Late Woodland Periods. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

In 1997 to mark the 30th anniversary of Fairport Convention, the album was remastered, repackaged and re-released as "Encore Encore". This version included the 1980 studio single "Rubber Band" plus three additional tracks recorded on the 1979 tour: "The Hens March Through the Midden/Four Poster Bed", "Flatback Caper" and "Dirty Linen".

In 1986, Richard Weinstein and Charles Pearson of Coastal Environments, Inc., and Dave Davis of Tulane University excavated portions of Midden A as part of a field school for the Louisiana Archaeological Society. In 2000, archaeologists from the Regional Archaeology Program mapped the site for a National Register of Historic Places nomination.

The is an archaeological site consisting of a shell midden and the remains of an adjacent Jōmon period settlement located in what is now the city of Higashimatsushima, Miyagi Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site in 1995.

Navajo Springs Outlier is an Ancestral Puebloan outlier community located southwest of Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico. The great house is one of the more westerly Chacoan pueblos. Three small house sites are located nearby, as are several midden piles. The site also contains a great kiva and seven berms.

The is an archaeological site consisting of a shell midden and the remains of an adjacent Jōmon period settlement located in what is now the city of Ōsaki, Miyagi Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1988.

Bushy-tailed woodrats are active throughout the year. While primarily nocturnal, they can occasionally be seen during the day. They are usually solitary and very territorial. These woodrats collect debris in natural crevices, and abandoned man-made structures when available, into large, quasistructures for which the archaeologists' term 'midden' has been borrowed.

It is also possible to anchor in a small pool at the centre of this strait. Excavations on Eilean Mòr have shown evidence of Mesolithic human settlement and there are the remains of a midden and rock shelter on the north west coast of Eilean Meadhonach."Eilean Meadhonach". Canmore. Retrieved 31 Dec 2011.

Evidence from the ground-breaking work of 1973 at Aspero, at the mouth of the Supe Valley, suggested a site of approximately . Surveying of the midden suggested extensive prehistoric construction activity. Small-scale terracing is noted, along with more sophisticated platform mound masonry. As many as eleven artificial mounds "could be" present.

De Kapel (Dutch for The Chapel) is a neighbourhood in the municipality of Midden-Delfland, in the province of South Holland in The Netherlands. It lies in the south of this municipality between Negenhuizen and the town of Vlaardingen. The entire area around the crossroads is also referred to as Zouteveen to the former municipality in the Zouteveense and Holiërhoekse polder, which was dissolved in 1855 and went up in Vlaardinger Ambacht, a former separate municipality annexed by Vlaardingen in 1941. Around the crossroads of the road between Vlaardingen and Midden-Delfland's core Schipluiden and the Oostveenseweg and Willemoordseweg is the hamlet Aan den Kapel, named after the former Roman catholic chapel that stood at this junction, until its demolition in 1719.

A midden site at West Voe on the south coast of Mainland, dated to 4320-4030 BC, has provided the first evidence of Mesolithic human activity in Shetland.Melton, Nigel D. "West Voe: A Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition Site in Shetland" in Noble et al (2008) pp. 23, 33Melton, N. D. & Nicholson R. A. (March 2004) "The Mesolithic in the Northern Isles: the preliminary evaluation of an oyster midden at West Voe, Sumburgh, Shetland, U.K." Antiquity 78 No 299. The same site provides dates for early Neolithic activity and finds at Scord of Brouster in Walls have been dated to 3400 BC. This site includes a cluster of six or seven walled fields and three stone circular houses that contains the earliest hoe-blades found so far in Scotland.

Some of the shellfish in the midden are no longer found in the area, indicating that the ocean temperatures during this period were warmer than at present. The midden also contained shards of Jōmon pottery marked with cord-patterns, as well as stone tools and implements and objects fashioned from bone (fishing hooks, needles, hairpins, etc.). Some of the fish bones were oceanic species (such as bonito and sea bass), and the presence of combination fish hooks and open socketed harpoon heads indicates that the local inhabitants had the capability of offshore fishing as well as gathering of marine resources from inner bay areas. Many of the artifacts recovered from the site are on display at the Hachinohe City Museum.

Excavation on the river-mouth Rock Shelter site began in 1980. It was determined that the site had been occupied by humans for roughly 900 years, beginning about 1,000 years ago. The interior of the rockshelter covers . The most significant discovery from the rock shelter is the 3.3 vertical meters of pristine shell midden.

Their eight children married and lived in the area for several generations. The family established the Pfeiffer Ranch Resort near their home in 1910. An Esslen midden site is near their home. Their son John and his wife Zulema Florence Swetnam build a cabin near the north bank of the Big Sur River in 1884.

The mention is brief, but it corroborates Van Mander's claim about Pourbus' Gouda roots by another contemporary source.Streekarchief Midden-Holland, Archief van de star Gouda; Rekeningen van inkomsten en uitgaven van de tresoriers respectievelijk trésorier-ontvanger(s); 0001.1186 (1529), fol.19v. This finding was previously published in: De Groot 2011, p.101, footnote 27.

Hasell Point, an “address restricted” landmark in Beaufort County, South Carolina, with its mix of burial mounds, potter and an oyster shell midden, is a potentially important archaeological site, one that may yield significant information dating to 500 AD. Hasell Point was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on August 14, 1973.

The shell midden, when first examined, measured about by , with a deposit depth of to , but this size has been greatly reduced due to erosion. The site also includes fragmented remnants of a residence, burial sites, and other artifacts. The evidence gathered dates the site from c. 500 BCE to the European contact period.

Garminge is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 15 km northeast of Hoogeveen. The statistical area "Garminge", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 70.Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statline: Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2003-2005.

Balinge is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 14 km northeast of Hoogeveen. The statistical area "Balinge", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 120.Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statline: Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2003-2005.

Holthe is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 14 km north of Hoogeveen. The statistical area "Holthe", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 150.Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statline: Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2003-2005.

Brunsting is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 16 km south of Assen. The statistical area "Brunsting", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 100.Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statline: Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2003-2005.

Drijber is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 9 km north of Hoogeveen. The statistical area "Drijber", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 480.Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statline: Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2003-2005.

Eursinge is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe and lies about 16 km northeast of Hoogeveen. The statistical area "Eursinge", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 60.Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statline: Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2003-2005.

Zuidveld is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 16 km south of Assen. The statistical area "Zuidveld", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 80.Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statline: Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2003-2005.

Zwiggelte is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 15 km south of Assen. The statistical area "Zwiggelte", which can also include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 480.Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statline: Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2003-2005.

Texas A&M; University archeobotanist Phil Dering identified 14 varieties of local plants in charred remains found. The oldest artifact found at the site is the "Martindale dart point" believed to date to 5000–6000 BC for hunting, but chipped and refashioned in later years to be used as a tool at the midden.

Milner is best known for his work on the prehistory of eastern North America and especially on the Mississippian period in the Midwest.The Moundbuilders: Ancient Peoples of Eastern North America. 2004. Thames and Hudson, London His research on CahokiaThe Read Archaic Shell Midden in Kentucky. 1998. (G.R. Milner, R.W. Jefferies). Southeastern Archaeology 17:119-132.

Hodenpijl is a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is located 3 km southwest of the centre of Delft, in the municipality of Midden-Delfland. Hodenpijl was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1855, when it merged with Schipluiden.Ad van der Meer and Onno Boonstra, "Repertorium van Nederlandse gemeenten", KNAW, 2006.

This shell midden is approximately 10 meters wide by 80 meters in length. and as discovered during the Taishō period. Is located within the grounds of the Iriumi Shrine. The location is at the base of Chita Peninsula, on a river terrace on the right bank of the Sakai River which flows into Kinugaura Bay.

Through the 1800s, Paleo-Indians lived in the county and left behind archaeological remains of a burned-rock midden. Athabascan-speaking Indians associated with the prehorse Plains culture live in this part of Texas. Later native inhabitants include Jumano, Tonkawa, Comanche and Lipan Apache. In 1847, John O. Meusebach sent surveyors into the area.

It was again examined by the state in 1996. Maine Survey Site 26.15 is also particularly noteworthy. It is located on a point of land, with deposits more than deep. Archaeologists have recovered stone tools, bone fragments, ceramic artifacts, and fire-cracked rocks from within the midden matrix, evidence of human habitation and activity.

She attended University of California, Berkeley, Department of Anthropology in the late 1990s and completed her degree with the Kroeber prize. She then obtained a master's degree in archaeology from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Her thesis was titled Visions Cast on Stone, abstracts were published in the journal The Midden. Adams' first book.

The Silas Mumford Site, also known as the Tappan Site and RI-705, is a historic archaeological site in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. Located in the northwestern part of the town, it includes a 19th-century homestead with an extensive household midden. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Sometimes the octopus catches more prey than it can eat, and the den is often surrounded by a midden of dead and uneaten food items. Other creatures, such as fish, crabs, molluscs and echinoderms, often share the den with the octopus, either because they have arrived as scavengers, or because they have survived capture.

The Awazu site, a submerged Shell midden, is an important archaeological site of the Jōmon period. It goes back to the beginning of the Initial Jōmon period (ca. 9300 BP). It lies near the southern end of Lake Biwa, close to Otsu City, at a depth of 2 to 3 meters from the bottom.

The site includes remains of earth lodges, midden mounds, and fortification ditches. It is managed by the State Historical Society of North Dakota. The site is the subject of two listings on National Register of Historic Places: one for its archaeological significance in 1979, the other for its Depression-era park structures in 2014.

This archaeological exhibition is located inside a prehistoric shell midden. It features an audiovisual program about Historic Spanish Point's first inhabitants, a diorama that depicts a prehistoric dwelling, exhibits, and interactive displays.Historic Spanish Point: Enjoy Nature, Experience Prehistory, Explore Florida's Past, Photos and Design (c) 2009 Laura Dean; Illustration by Sketches, etc., at "21".

The walls were thick and not more than high. The structure was constructed of mortar but nothing remains of it today. A drain runs through the cashel wall at ground level on the northwest side. It leads from a midden in the western side of the enclosure that was in diameter and one foot deep.

The majority of population speaks Balochi and there is a small Sindhi speaking minority. In Gadani majority of the population speaks a language named Balochi, this language is derived from Iran. They belong to Sanghur, Kurd, Sajdi, Muhammad Hasni, and Bezinjo tribes. Many prehistoric shell-midden sites were discovered along the shores of a small bay, near Gadani.

A district, including the shrimping village and a prehistoric shell midden, were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for having state-level significance in archaeology, architecture, commerce, settlement, and social history. China Camp State Park, along with the Rush Ranch Open Space Preserve, is part of the San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve.

Hijken () is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 13 km south of Assen, the province capital of Drenthe. In 2001, the town of Hijken had 322 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.12 km², and contained 117 residences.

Bovensmilde is a town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 6 km southwest of Assen. In 2001, the town of Bovensmilde had 2,873 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.76 km², and contained 1,094 residences.Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Bevolkingskernen in Nederland 2001.

Blair Mound is a historic archaeological site located near Winnsboro, Fairfield County, South Carolina. Blair Mound is an earthen mound structure in the form of a low, oval hummock. It measures approximately and is just over high, with evidence of leveling for agricultural development. The mound was constructed on the site of a late Woodland trash midden.

Horse Island (38CH14) is a historic mound located near Rockville, Charleston County, South Carolina. It is one of 20 or more prehistoric shell rings located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. On average, it measures 156 feet in diameter and stands 4 feet high. The midden is largely composed of oyster shell.

Ackersdijk en Vrouwenregt is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland, located about halfway between Delft and Schiedam. It existed from 1817 to 1855, when it was joined to the municipality of Vrijenban. The area is now part of the municipalities of Midden-Delfland, Delft, and Pijnacker-Nootdorp. The municipality had about 150 inhabitants.

Hanckel Mound (38CH7) is a historic mound located near Rockville, Charleston County, South Carolina. It is one of 20 or more prehistoric shell rings located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. On average, it measures 158 feet in diameter and stands 8 feet high. The midden is largely composed of oyster shell.

The house took its original name from a mound in the front yard. The mound was once thought to be an Indian burial ground for the Guale Indians, who were the earliest inhabitants of the island.Glynn County listing for Indian Mound Cottage The mound was later found to be a shell midden left by the Indians.

After a period of time this structure was then burned and the first of mound layer was erected over it. The first burial is included in this layer. The mound was built up in intervals, with new levels being added in stages. The bulk of the mound fill was a mixture of scraped up midden materials.

Cars wait for access to Minister's Island The island's Shell Midden was recognized as a National Historic Site in 1978, recognizing the importance of the site to First Nations history; the island as a whole was declared a National Historic Site in 1996 for its Van Horne associations. In the intervening years, the island was largely closed to visitors.

The Ais Indians resided in the area in pre-Columbian times. In 2010, a midden near Aquarina included a burial ground for a chief and two handmaidens.Florida Today It has been suggested that Juan Ponce de León landed near Melbourne Beach in 1513, where he then became the first European to set foot in Florida.And not at St. Augustine.

The site once consisted of four mounds, several flat-topped platform mounds and at least one burial mounds and extensive midden areas. The site was excavated by Edward Palmer in 1883. He described the largest two platform mounds as being in height and . He also noted a burial mound and a low mound of undetermined function.

The area around Kaizu was part of traditional Mino Province. A midden from Jōmon period was found in Kaizu, which includes sea shells, tools, and human remains. These artifacts indicate that the area was settled as early as 2,500 years ago. Around these period, Kaizu was much closer to the ocean and many basket clam shells can be found.

Archeological Site No. 29-64 is a prehistoric archaeological site in Islesboro, Maine. The site encompasses a shell midden, in which are embedded the remains of semi-subterranean pit-house structures. It is one of the best- preserved examples of this type in northeastern North America. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Pail closets were used to dispose of human excreta, dirty water, and general household waste such as kitchen refuse and sweepings. The pail closet system was one of several methods of waste disposal in common use in the 19th century, others of which were the privy midden system, the pail system, and the dry-earth system.

Dutch-language publication. Retrieved 1 May 2018. Radical centrism is a possibility in another Dutch party as well. In a report presented in 2012 to the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party, CDA member and former minister of social affairs Aart Jan de Geus recommends that the CDA develop itself into a radical centrist ("radicale midden") party.

Midden formation in insects was first observed in Black Garden Ants, Lasius niger. The middens created by the ants are called "kitchen middens" and are composed of food scraps, ant corpses, and other detritus. A reason for the behavior has yet to be determined though it is thought to serve as a feeding ground for larvae.

19 Prior to the 1830s, local Aboriginals used the island to gather shellfish and camp. Isle of the Dead retains a large midden.Thorn & Piper, 1996, p. 4 The midden contains shells and the remains of campfires (charcoal and ash), evidence of past aboriginal people visiting the isle to gather shellfish and molluscs such as abalone and mussels.

Pine Hill Archeological Site, RI-655 is a prehistoric archaeological site on Prudence Island in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. The site's principal feature is a coastal shell midden dating to the Late Woodland period. Finds at the site include projectile points, stone tools, bones, and ceramics. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

The Waanyi people have lived in the gorge area for at least 17,000 years and know this place as Boodjamulla, or Rainbow Serpent country. Lawn Hill Gorge is sacred to the Waanyi people. Midden heaps, camp sites, grinding stones, and rock art evidence the importance of this place. Today, the Waanyi people help manage the park.

Beilen () is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is a part of the municipality of Midden-Drenthe, and lies about 16 km south of Assen. The old Reformed church is the only remaining truly old building; a large fire destroyed a major part of Beilen in 1820. Beilen has a railway station - Beilen railway station.

The Damariscotta middens are notable for their size and the large presence of oysters in the midden, despite there being incredibly low current populations of oysters. The large presence is connected to coastal change, sea-level rise, and the geology of the regionSanger, David, 1936- (1985). Sea-level rise and archaeology in the Damariscotta River. Maine Geological Survey, Dept.

He was also Sheriff of Galloway. As Sheriff of Galloway, in 1618 Lord Garlies brought a mysterious case to the attention of the Privy Council of Scotland and the king's advocate Thomas Hamilton. A severed hand was found in the midden or rubbish heap of a notary called John Kennedy, when his servants were carting manure to the field.

Paranaguá was home to a sambaqui, or midden culture, for several millennia prior to the arrival of the Portuguese. Little is known of the population, which existed along the coast of Paraná. The area was later home to the Carijó people, an extinct subgroup of the Guaraní people. Portuguese explorers captured the Carijó for slave labor.

Westerbork () is a village with a population of 4,710 in the municipality of Midden-Drenthe in the Netherlands. It is located in the middle of the eastern province of Drenthe. During World War II, the Westerbork transit camp was located near the village. The Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope and the Camp Westerbork Museum are now situated at the site.

A midden was excavated from 1955 to 1964. Jōmon pottery was found, indicating that the Palace was inhabited in the Jōmon period, before 300 BCE.Biology Research Institute[1989:4] Toward the end of the Heian period, Edo Shirō () built his residence in Edo, but its exact location remains unknown. Ōta Dōkan constructed the Edo Castle from 1456 to 1457.

On top of the base is a very thin layer of crushed oyster shell, interpreted as an old ground surface. Possible post holes, now filled with soil, extend from this layer into the base layer. Above the old ground surface is a midden layer, consisting of oyster shells with about 20% soil mixed in, and ceramics and shell tools.

The is a shell midden and remains of an Early Jōmon period settlement located in the Torihama neighbourhood of the town of Wakasa, Fukui, in the Hokuriku region of Japan.map location of Torihama It is a waterlogged midden site that was occupied mainly from the Incipient Jomon period to the Early Jomon period from 12,000 to 5,000 years ago (10,000–3,000 BC). The site is located in the area of Lake Mikata, one of the Mikata five lakes, near the confluence of Hasu and Takase Rivers, within the borders of the Wakasa Wan Quasi-National Park. At that time, the Shiibayama hill on which the site is located extended like a cape from the west to the east, and Lake Mikata extended to the tip of the hill.

The Smuggler Cove Shell Midden (Smithsonian trinomial: 35TI46) is an archeological site located in Oswald West State Park near Neahkahnie Beach, Oregon, United States. First documented by archeologists in 1976, the midden has been found to contain remains of mussels, barnacles, and chiton to a depth of approximately . Radiocarbon dating of a single sample of shell debris indicates that the Smuggler Cove campsite was occupied around 1660 CE, approximately the same date as the supposed wreck of a European ship at nearby Nehalem Spit, suggesting the site may preserve information from both before and after first contact between local people and Europeans. The site has been heavily damaged by construction of recreational facilities and coastal erosion, but a significant portion remains with potential to contribute to future research.

As at 6 September 2013, the Aboriginal art site at Earlwood is of State heritage significance as it provides clear and intact evidence of Aboriginal occupation of the area prior to European settlement. Comprising a rockshelter, midden and stencil work, the site offers a rare and unique insight into the daily life as well as the routine and ceremonial culture of the Bidigal people prior to European contact. Its significance is strengthened in that it is a rare example of such an intact surviving occupation site in a highly urbanised setting. The Aboriginal art and midden site at Earlwood is of State significance as both a rare and representative example of painted stencil art including foot stencils, from the Sydney basin, providing a basis for cross comparison with other regional styles across NSW.

Several of their skeletons, weapons and other artefacts were unearthed in Peers Cave on the north-eastern side of the valley, in 1927. The skeletons were named 'Fish Hoek Man'. By the first century AD 'Strandlopers' (Khoisan) were living on the slopes of Slangkop. A midden containing mussel, limpet and abalone shells, and various stone implements was uncovered there in 1972.

Each house, he continued, had a midden in front of it. Bishop Pococke in 1760 also noted the existence of thatched houses. By the end of the 19th century it was said that two houses in the town were hardly the same; some had gable ends, others had large fronts pierced by pigeon-hole windows, while still others had outside stairs.

Finlayson, Bill and Edwards, Kevin J. "The Mesolithic" in Edwards & Ralston (2003) p. 115 Evidence of large-scale Mesolithic nut processing, radiocarbon dated to circa 7000 BC, has been found in a midden pit at Staosnaig on Colonsay. The dig discovered the remains of hundreds of thousands of burned hazelnut shells"Mesolithic food industry on Colonsay" (June 1995) British Archaeology.

Evidence of Neolithic settlement in Wales is extremely uncommon. Megalithic burial chambers are normally the only Neolithic structures to survive. However, an excavation of the site by Sabine Baring-Gould, in 1903, showed the remains of rectangular and circular Neolithic dwellings. An associated midden has been dated to around 5500 years before present (BP), during the early to middle Neolithic.

In 1997 there was a significant amount of remaining physical evidence from the war time use of the Rathmines Base. The elements which remained varied in condition. Some have been largely altered and adapted for new uses, and some are in disrepair. There are two Aboriginal Artifact Scatters (one scatter and one isolated find) and a midden recorded within the area.

Buzzard's Island Site is a historic mound located near Mount Pleasant, Charleston County, South Carolina. It is one of 20 or more prehistoric shell rings located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. On average, it measures 178 feet in diameter and stands 3 feet high. The midden is largely composed of oyster shell.

Seghwaert was formed around what was the former village of Zegwaart (or Zegwaard), which fused with Zoetermeer in 1935, using the archaic spelling of the locale's name. The old Zegwaart was a ribbon development along what remains until today as Zegwaartseweg, which is perpendicular to Dorpstraat. It is further divided into Seghwaert-Oost (postcode 2723), -Midden (postcode 2724) and -Noord (postcode 2727).

The women cultivated varieties of staple crops: corn, beans, and squash, and tobacco, which was used for ritual purposes. The men fished in both fresh and salt water. The size of midden shell heaps along the coast and the amount of cleared land attested to both a long period of occupation and a high degree of social organization among the people.

Data generated from the site may help answer questions related to environmental change in the Oregon Coast region, settlement and subsistence patterns, emergence of ethnographic patterns among coastal people, the change in cultural patterns from before to after contact with European Americans, and other topics... The Smuggler Cove Shell Midden was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997..

Thus it attracted the attention of the Dutch and the British to establish relations with Pagaruyung. There is a record that in 1684, a Portuguese named Tomas Dias paid a visit to Pagaruyung at the behest of the Dutch governor general in Malacca.Haan, F. de, (1896), Naar midden Sumatra in 1684, Batavia-'s Hage, Albrecht & Co.-M. Nijhoff. 40p. 8vo wrs.

750 CE, while the youngest dated from around 1830. Some scientists estimate that the weirs could have supported a population of several thousand people. The Pentlatch also harvested the abundant shellfish in Comox Bay. Centuries of discarded shells resulted in a deep strata of shell fragments along the shoreline of present-day Comox now known as the Great Comox Midden.

Ulva's human history goes back thousands of years. Its standing stones have been dated to 1500 BC, and a shell midden in Livingstones Cave dates to c. 5650 BC; it includes remains of flint and a human infant, as well as fauna more appropriate to the Ice Age, such as lemming and Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus)."The Isle of Ulva: History" .

Archeological digs at Squawteat Peak uncovered prehistoric hunter-gatherer artifacts. Fourteen clusters of stones interpreted as wickiup and tipi rings indicate human habitation. A ring midden in the camp provided a radiocarbon date of 1300 AD. Archeological finds along Tunas Creek include a burial site, pictographs, and artifacts; a possible modified Langtry projectile point (2,000 BC to 700–800 AD).

The midden has revealed antiquaries which relate to the food habits of a common man. Temple 2A has been inferred as a banquet hall or community hall. Other antiquaries located here consisted of human teeth, images made in ceramics, and also musical instruments. Also found across the temple site were main burial sites in which skeleton remains of nine people have been found.

In a later phase of settlement, a midden covered the cemetery. Artefacts found included a whetstone made from local limestone, a copper alloy brooch, a copper finger ring, a bronze Roman coin from the reign of the Roman usurper Magnentius (AD 350–353), fragments of Romano-British pottery, and clusters of hobnails showing where leather footwear had rotted away in the ground.

The Culverwell stream. The site is said to be circa 7500-8500 years old. The site's main feature is the large floor of limestone slabs on top of a shell midden (rubbish dump). The floor is unique for this period and is also the earliest known structural evidence in England for the extensive use of Portland Jurassic limestone on a living site.

The Baker Site is an archaeological site in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, located north of Andrew's Run and northwest of Rochester. The site is a shell midden site dating from the Middle Archaic period. In addition to middens, the site also includes four human graves and three dog graves. A number of artifacts, including projectile points and scrapers, have been obtained from the site.

The Fernald Point Prehistoric Site is an archaeological site in Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island on the central coast of Maine. The principal feature of the site is a shell midden, whose excavation has yielded both historic artifacts and evidence of human occupation to at least 1000 BCE. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

The period of heaviest occupation was between 1 CE and 1300 CE. In addition to large quantities of shells (mostly of soft-shell clams), the midden yielded up evidence of human consumption of a wide variety of mammals, birds and fish. Evidence of clay pottery is limited to fragmentary potsherds, although there were sufficient examples to trace changes in decoration and style.

Midden-Zeeland Airport , also known as Zeeland Airport, is an airport located east northeast of Middelburg, Zeeland in the Netherlands, just south of the Veerse Meer lagoon. The airfield is uncontrolled and has a single grass runway of long in the 09/27 direction, with a displaced threshold of for the 09 direction. It was founded in 1968 and officially opened in 1970.

The phasing of the painted stencils is uncertain, i.e. whether they were produced within a discrete period of time, or whether they were the product of several phases of painting over a longer period of time. The date(s) of the midden and rock art cannot be ascertained without further investigation. None of the art indicates evidence of contact with Europeans.

The Mill Cove Complex is a group of prehistoric archaeological sites located in Duval County, Florida built by people of the St. Johns culture approximately 900 to 1250 CE. The site encompasses 2 sand mounds, Grant Mound (8DU14) and the contemporaneous Shields Mound (8DU12) located away, and an area in between the two which is full of St. Johns culture midden deposits.

The name "Risga" is Norse and includes the Old Norse word for island. In 1920–21 some Mesolithic materials were recovered during the excavation of a kitchen. They are now in the Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow and Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum. There is a shell midden, a scheduled monument that is at least , which is visible as a grass-covered mound.

Sunwatch: Fort Ancient Development in the Mississippian World. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2007, 139. Because the midden is wide but quite shallow, it has been proposed that the village's population was significant but its period of occupation was short. Among the district's contributing properties are three small burial mounds, which appear to be the work of earlier mound building peoples.

Tobago has at least one Ortoiroid site, Martinique has two, and Antigua has 24 Ortoiroid shell-midden sites. Ortoiroid peoples settled on St. Kitts from 2000 BCE to 400 BCE.Saunders 260. In the north, two distinct Ortoiroid subcultures have been identified: the Coroso culture, which flourished from 1500 BCE–200 CE, and the Krum Bay culture, which spanned 1500—200 BCE.

Isle of the Dead is a small island adjacent to Port Arthur, Tasmania, Australia. The island is historically significant as it retains an Aboriginal coastal shell midden, one of the first recorded sea-level benchmarks, and one of the few preserved Australian convict-period burial grounds. Isle of the Dead forms part of the Port Arthur Historic Site.Godden et al.

The Archaeological Society of British Columbia (ASBC) is a Canadian organization founded in 1966. Since 1968 the quarterly The Midden is published with the help of the B.C. Heritage Trust. Its headquarters is in Vancouver, bureaus can be found in Victoria, the province's capital, and since 1994 in Nanaimo also. The society has more than 300 members in Vancouver alone.

The site yielded sufficient material to provide evidence of occupation between the Late Archaic and the Woodland period. It is interpreted as a temporary procurement and processing site. Site 253B is larger, covering , including a midden, fire-cracked rock suggestive of a hearth, and a significant amount of stone toolmaking debitage. 253C is in size, and contained a stylistic diversity of stone points.

The highest point on the Shell Ridge Midden was created by the early inhabitants, perhaps to serve as a platform for the chief's residence or temple. It is also the site where the Webbs built their home, in 1867.Historic Spanish Point: Enjoy Nature, Experience Prehistory, Explore Florida's Past, Photos and Design (c) 2009 Laura Dean; Illustration by Sketches, etc., at "22".

The later levels show a shift in occupation to other parts of the tell, where areas inhabited earlier were turned into a refuse midden and later a cemetery. The site was later abandoned for hundreds of years only to be rebuilt again in the fourth millennium BC. This level had a large tripartite building measuring about 11.5 by 10.5 m.

This closet was also designed with a special opening through which deodorising material could be scattered over the top of the pit. A ventilation shaft was also installed. The design offered a significant improvement over the less advanced midden-privy, but the problems of emptying and cleaning such pits remained and thus the pail system, with its easily removable container, became more popular.

2, vol. 3 The joint work of Reiss and Stubel is considered by some as the precursor of scientific archeology in Peru, although not yet applied stratigraphic methods. Further research was conducted by Max Uhle (1904) who was the first to record the large shell midden of Las Colinas. Other archaeologists working on this site include Paul Berthon (1907), and Aleš Hrdlička (1913).

Rockmarshall has been settled since the Mesolithic (c. 5700 BC on); excavation of a midden shows late tools, oysters and periwinkles. The Carlingford Lough/Cooley Peninsula region was low in Mesolithic activity in comparison to Strangford Lough and Belfast Lough, due to the low quality flint. Carlingford and the Mournes could also have provided berries and nuts in season, and wild boar.

Useppa Island is long north to south, and up to wide. A ridge, up to high, runs along much of the eastern edge of the island. A ridge up to high is in the middle of the island along the western side. A conical shell midden with ramps is located on the west side of the island towards the southern end.

On the southern coast of the slope, Alvin and his friends Huck (a g'Kek), Pincer-Tip (a qheuen) and Ur-ronn (an urs) receive unexpected assistance from Uriel the smith in completing their summer project: a submarine to explore part of the Midden — an undersea subduction zone that destroys the form of anything placed on it. The Midden is where each of the races on Jijo sunk their starships, and where the races still continue to deposit the bodies of their dead and non-decomposable trash (all of which are called "dross"). In return for her assistance, Uriel requests that Alvin and his friends locate a hidden cache of galactic technology. Rety recovers from her injuries after the robot firefight and is sent to the Glade of Gathering where the council and a Rothen shuttle reside.

As at 14 July 2003, Evidence of Aboriginal occupation prior to the establishment of the Coast Hospital in 1881 includes a diverse collection of prehistoric Aboriginal sites, such as open and sheltered middens, open campsites, rock engravings, axe-grinding grooves and pathways, a possible fish trap and ochre source. The area also retains the potential to contain previously unidentified Aboriginal artefacts and significant sites (see attached plans). Identified Aboriginal Archaeological sites located within the existing boundaries of the Prince Henry site are: # Little Bay 5 - Sheltered midden on Little Bay, disturbed, prehistoric.NPWS No. 45-6-1058 # Little Bay 6 - Open midden on Little Bay, disturbed, prehistoric.NPWS No. 45-6-2157 # Little Bay 7 - Axe grinding grooves, Coast Golf Course, undisturbed, prehistoric.NPWS No. 45-6-2158 # Little Bay 8 and 9 - Rock engravings, Coast Golf Course, unlocated, possibly undisturbed, prehistoric.

Kangaroo, eels and carpet snakes were rich in protein and fat. The dominant shellfish used as food was the oyster known today as the Sydney Rock Oyster known locally as tibir, at that time growing naturally on the seabeds. The oyster middens, many metres thick, were plundered by early settlers for lime. A significant midden site, now lost, was located not far from Bongaree jetty.

A large midden is located on the headland and isolated shells and artefects are scattered throughout the site. A shield tree, now dead, is enclosed in situ within the storage compound.NSW National Parks 1995: 3, 8-12 The archaeological potential of the site was reported to be high as at 28 July 1997. The entire site is relatively undisturbed although some structures are no longer extant.

Chiba is famous for the Chiba Urban Monorail, the longest suspended monorail in the world. Some popular destinations in the city include: Kasori Shell Midden, the largest shellmound in the world at , Inage Beach, the first artificial beach in Japan which forms part of the longest artificial beach in Japan, and the Chiba City Zoological Park, popular on account of the standing red panda Futa.

She decides to investigate. Just out of the assembly, Tobias Brogan uses his sister to cast a circle spell on the Duke and Duchess Lumholtz, which would make them walk around a midden heap near the city. Brogan, Galtero and Lunetta go to the couple. Galtero holds down the woman while Brogan rips her dress down to her waist exposing her nipples to the bitter cold.

The ground, first, second and third floor interior of the lighthouse tower are paved with quality black and white tiles in checkerboard patterns. The original lens crystal and each phase in the evolution of the light has technical research potential. The place has aboriginal significance and includes rock shelters, platforms and midden/camp sites. The place has the potential to reveal archaeologically material of aboriginal significance.

Hoogezand-Sappemeer () is a former municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. It was the third most-populous municipality in the province of Groningen, after the city of Groningen and Oldambt, formed in 1949 by the merger of the former municipalities Hoogezand, well known for its ship building industry, and Sappemeer. On January 1, 2018, Hoogezand-Sappemeer merged with Slochteren and Menterwolde, forming the municipality Midden- Groningen.

The Chaluka Site is a prehistoric archaeological site and National Historic Landmark in Nikolski, Alaska, on Umnak Island in the Aleutian Islands of southwestern Alaska. The site documents more than 4,000 years of more-or-less continuous occupation of the area now occupied by the modern village of Nikolski. The site includes a large midden, yielding much information about the origins of the Aleut people.

A large midden of mussel shell gave evidence for the baiting of cod lines. Domestic refuse of the later 18th and early to mid-19th century was also recovered. The only relatively late recorded military action at Dunure consists of a short siege in 1570. A Civil War action or slighting is a further possibility, although the castle may have been abandoned by that time.

The yacht became wedged on dangerous rocks requiring the rescue of 37 people by helicopter. The incident was Australia's largest helicopter rescue operation from a vessel. At least two people have died from irukandji jellyfish stings while snorkeling off Hook Island. Some of the oldest archaeological sites ever found in Eastern Australia are the caves and midden of the Ngaro People on Hook Island.

Turtle Mound is a prehistoric archaeological site located south of New Smyrna Beach, Florida, on State Road A1A. On September 29, 1970, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It is the largest shell midden on the mainland United States, with an approximate height of . The mound extends for over along the Indian River shoreline and contains over of shells.

In 1974 Royal was honored by Dick Stone, the Secretary of State of Florida, for his contributions to scientific knowledge.Burgess, p. 211. In later years Royal also investigated underwater midden deposits in the Gulf of Mexico west of Venice, Florida, and fossils and artifacts in Salt Creek, a drainage from Warm Mineral Springs to the Myakka River. He continued swimming daily into his 91st year.

Accessed: 3/10/2013 Archaeological studies show evidence of Indigenous occupancy through the presence of several midden sites. Into the 1800s, Peel Island, as well as North Stradbroke Island, was used as a quarantine station by the New South Wales colonial government which "housed persons considered unsuitable for mainstream society". Subsequently, the quarantine station developed into an inebriates' asylum, and then later a lazaret in 1907.

Care was taken to maintain vertical profiles every five feet and to keep a clean floor in the trench going down to the hardpan. The excavation revealed no evidence of midden material. Also no potsherds were found in the mound. There was no evidence on the site of any structures and very little information that would give any information as to who built the mound.

A further restoration was undertaken in 2004, during which the roundhouse roof was boarded, as it had been previously. The mill is not complete, as the Archimedes' screw is missing, although it can turn by wind. The mill was officially reopened on 18 November 2005. Previously in the ownership of the Gemeente Boarnsterhim, De Bird is now owned by Stichting Poldermolens De Lege Midden ().

"Barnhouse" RCAHMS. Retrieved 27 August 2008. House 3 in the Barnhouse Settlement, with Loch of Harray beyond Skara Brae consists of ten clustered houses and is northern Europe's most complete Neolithic village. Occupied between 3100-2500 BC the houses are similar to those at Barnhouse, but they are linked by common passages and were built into a large midden containing ash, bones, shells, stone and organic waste.

Structure #2 was very similar to Structure #1, but with some variations in post mould patterns. These structures also shared the relative same presence of artifacts and midden on the floor surface. The majority of the sherds found in Structure #1 and Structure #2 were of those were Dallas Plain. The "trash pits" of the village were able to illustrate what these people were eating.

Then he continued his study at STOVIA, a medical school for native students. However, he failed to graduate because of illness. Later he worked as a journalist and wrote for many newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer and Poesara. He was also a contributor to Kebangoenan, a nationalist newspaper owned by the Dutch- educated jurist and politician Phoa Liong Gie.

The people of the Caloosahatchee culture built mounds. Some of the mounds in Caloosahatchee settlements were undisturbed shell middens, but other were constructed from midden and earth materials. The hundreds of sites identified range from simple small middens to complex sites with earthwork platform mounds, plazas, "water courts", causeways, and canals. Mound Key, in the middle of Estero Bay, covers , and includes mounds up to tall.

The school is located within the ancestral territory of the Lekwungen, a Coast Salish tribe and ancestors of the modern Esquimalt and Songhees First Nations -- both of whom have Reserves located nearby. Known as "Kosapsom" to the indigenous people, it was previously the location of a village site, and the current structure is built upon a large shell midden created by several millennia of intermittent human habitation.

Shell Midden No. 3 is dated to the Middle Jōmon period. An abundance of horse chestnuts were uncovered here (about 40% of their total estimated diet). This indicates that, by this later period, a sophisticated processing technology was mastered in order to remove the harmful tannic acid, and make this food safe for consumption. Ishiyama is another such site of the Early Jōmon period on Lake Biwa.

Provence Historique, 99, pp. 87–97. mapping of artifacts within the area of the Richat Structure have found them to be generally absent in its innermost depressions. So far, neither recognizable midden deposits nor manmade structures have been recognized and reported from the Richat Structure. This is interpreted as indicating that area of the Richat Structure was used for only short-term hunting and stone tool manufacturing.

The largest group of skeletons (15-43) were in an area to the east which covered an oval area . These people are believed to be moa hunters who lived their lives in New Zealand, based on bone and teeth DNA analysis. The main habitation area was central,about from the southern lagoon edge. There were three zones of cooking and surface midden debris, all about approximately.

A sample of 93 artifacts were obtained from a single area of a midden at Ngamuriak. These samples contained formal tools as well as secondarily modified pieces, cores/core fragments, along with flakes and fragments. Using XRF analysis on the obsidian artifacts show where one of the sources of the obsidian was collected from, with deposits coming from the central Rift Valley near Mt. Eburru.

Artifacts unearthed lead scientists to believe that successive tribes of prehistoric people used the area. The top layer was deposited by members of the Abenaki tribes that fished in the area in the summer. Originally, the Whaleback midden was more than thirty feet deep, more than 1,650 feet in length, and a width varying from 1,320 to 1,650 feet. It got its name from its shape.

Some of the carvings had remnants of a lime-based coating. Other pieces of wood were long enough to have been set in the bottom of the pond and hold the carvings above the water. Some of the wood was rotted, other pieces were charred.Sears:165-67 Under the wood and bones was a midden layer, consisting of sherds, shells, pipe fragments and coprolites (preserved human feces).

Traditionally, the term "Middle Malay" (a calque of Dutch term Midden- Maleisch) is used when referring to this cluster. Later, to avoid misidentification with a temporal stage of Malay language (i.e. the transition between Old Malay and Modern Malay), the term "Central Malay" is used. McDonnell (2016) uses the term "South Barisan Malay" instead, referring to the southern region of Barisan Mountains where these isolects are spoken.

Bushy-tailed woodrats are preyed upon by many predators, including: spotted owls, bobcats, black bears, coyotes, weasels, martens, and hawks. The sheltered conditions offered by the midden are often used by reptiles during the colder months. The rattlesnake, normally a predator of the woodrat in the warmer months, is a common lodger.Piper, Ross (2007), Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals, Greenwood Press.

He was correspondent for the Royal Netherlands Academy for the Sciences for physics. Between 1917 and 1919, he was member of the "Rotterdamse Natuurhistorische Club". In 1919, he joined the "Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte", as recorded in its memorial "Herdenking van het 150-jarig bestaan", dated 17 August 1919. For Abendanon he categorized and analyzed the geological finds of his "Midden Celebes-expeditie".

Harkstede (), also known as Haarkstee () in Gronings, is a small village in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located in Midden-Groningen, Groningen. Harkstede has about 3000 inhabitants, which makes it one of the smaller villages in the area. This number is scheduled to increase as hundreds of new homes will be built in and around Harkstede as part of the "Meerstad Project" of the City of Groningen.

The Hoogheemraadschap van Delfland is a Dutch waterboard, which is responsible for water management. It covers the municipalities of Delft, Midden-Delfland and The Hague, and is fully located in the province of South Holland. The organization was established in 1289 when William I, Duke of Bavaria (As William V, Count of Holland) authorized the "Heemraden of Delft" to manage water and serve as a court.

Bed III contains a particular rich assemblage with the presence of a kitchen midden made of several animal bones and broken pottery. The bed also includes decorated ostrich eggshell beads and pottery. Additionally several human burials found at the site were discovered within this bed. The ceramic artifacts found in this bed are attributed to a type known as "Kansyore Ware", associated with hunter/gatherer peoples.

The Sims Site (16SC2), also known as Sims Place, is an archaeological site located in Saint Charles Parish, Louisiana, near the town of Paradis. The location is a multi-component mound and village complex with platform mounds and extensive midden deposits. The site habitations are divided into three periods. It was first inhabited about 800 CE by peoples of the Coastal Coles Creek culture.

Quantity, quality and knowledge interests: Avoiding confusions, pp3–18, in Bauer M & G Gaskell (eds) Qualitative researching with text, image and sound. London: Sage. Durant, J., Bauer, M., Gaskell, G., Midden, C., Liakopoulos, M., and Sholten, L. (2000). Industrial and post-industrial public understanding of science, in: Dierkes M and C von Grote (eds) Between understanding and trust: the public, science and technology, Reading, Harwood, Academics Publisher.

The site was excavated in 1979 and from 1990 to 1992, and estimates suggest that 93% of the site remains undisturbed. They uncovered a large oval area surrounded by pits, a large sheet midden area, and what are believed to be two sweatlodges. The excavations have yielded a trove of artifacts and animal remains. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

With a second place in stage two and a third place overall of the Tour de Liège in 2009 Bulgaç earned a spot in the for the 2010 season. His performances for Rabobank were not convincing enough to keep him in the team for 2011 with a fifth place in the prologue of the Jadranska Magistrala and a ninth place in the Ronde van Midden-Nederland as his best results.

Alex 2000:115–118 Numerous regional variations and phases have been defined in Iowa, based in large extent on differences of ceramic form and decoration. Excavations at Late Woodland sites are common, some of these sites showing surprising complexity. The Gast Farm Site excavations revealed a complex settlement associated with a midden of refuse 100 m in diameter. Large storage and food processing pits, trash middens, and other features were excavated.

The Selenie Lagoon Archeological Site is a prehistoric archaeological site near Port Graham, Alaska. The site encompasses a fairly large and deeply- stratified shell midden on the north shore of the Port Graham inlet. The site is expected to yield a fairly complete sequence of artifacts relating to the history of human habitation of the inlet. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Shell Mound in Dongsam-dong, Busan is located on the west coast of Yeong-do Island in Dongsam-dong, Yeongdo District, Busan, South Korea. This archaeological site consists of a midden of shells of various mollusc taxa that were discarded in a relatively small or restricted area by people who lived there in the Jeulmun pottery period.Tongsamdong. In The Penguin Archaeology Guide, pp. 450-451. Penguin, New York, 2001.

Artefacts of hunter/gatherers are sometimes found in middens, rubbish pits around hearths where people would have rested and cooked over large open fires. Once cliffs erode, midden-remains become exposed as blackened areas containing charred stones, bones, and shells. They are usually found a metre below the surface. Mesolithic people did not have major rituals associated with burial, unlike those of the Neolithic (New Stone Age) period.

Lal-lo is considered by some archaeologists to be the most extensive shell midden site in Southeast Asia. Excavations have been conducted by Thiel in 1980, Aoyagi in 1983, Aoyagi and Tananka in 1985, and Ogawa and Aguilera in 1987. A sum of 21,664 earthenware sherds have been recovered and multiple types of vessels (red-slipped jars, bowls with ring footing, and shallow bowls with paddle impressions) have been collected.

Early Okinawan history is defined by midden or shell heap culture and is divided into Early, Middle, and Late Shell Mound periods. The Early Shell Mound period was a hunter-gatherer society, with wave-like opening Jōmon pottery. In the latter part of this period, archaeological sites moved near the seashore, suggesting the engagement of people in fishing. On Okinawa, rice was not cultivated until the Middle Shell Mound period.

Lighthouse Point Shell Ring (38CH12), also known as Parrot's Point Shell Ring, is a historic mound located on James Island, Charleston County, South Carolina. It is one of 20 or more prehistoric shell rings located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. The midden contains a diverse array of biota. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Auld Mound (38CH41), also known as Yough Hall Plantation Shell Ring, is a historic mound located near Mount Pleasant, Charleston County, South Carolina. It is one of 20 or more prehistoric shell rings located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. On average, it measures 174 feet in diameter and stands 2 to 3 feet high. The midden is largely composed of oyster shell.

Within nonreproductive P. barbatus worker ants, five major tasks are performed: foraging, maintenance of the nest, defense, midden work, and convening. Roles are not constant and chemical interactions determine when certain ants engage in certain activities. As such, these tasks are relatively fluid and cannot be understood as separate processes. The transition in behavior on behalf of one group triggers behavioral transitions in other groups of worker ants.

Conjurer's Field Archeological Site is a historic archaeological site located at Colonial Heights, Virginia. The prehistoric village site (44CF20) is one of the very last of the larger Middle and Late Woodland period villages located along the Appomattox River. The site include several well preserved burials, ceramic wares, and the presence of an undisturbed prehistoric midden. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Paul Kroegel (January 9, 18641948) was a German immigrant to the United States who helped establish Pelican Island as a bird sanctuary in Florida.Paul KroegelPelican Island National Wildlife Refuge Kroegel is listed as a Great Floridian. Kroegel was born in Chemnitz, Germany. He arrived in Sebastian, Florida in 1881 and homesteaded with his father on a shell midden on the west bank of the Indian River Lagoon overlooking Pelican Island.

The ossuaries present at the shell midden site provide important information about Woodland period material culture. Permanent village life is thought to have originated during the Colington Phase locally. According to the North Carolina Office of State Archaeology, many ceramics, blades, shellfish remains, and other projectile points were recovered from the site. Copper beads and a marginella shell necklace were also found to be linked with the ossuaries.

Below ground level of Mound 3, was a village midden showing residential occupation at this spot before the construction of the mound began. The first activity other than village occupation is a leveling of the location and pit dug and filled with 35 stone projectile points and burned organic material. This is covered over with a layer of clay and structure erected. This building may have been used for feasting rituals.

On Canada's west coast, there are shell middens that run for more than along the coast and are several meters deep. The midden in Namu, British Columbia is over deep and spans over 10,000 years of continuous occupation. Shell middens created in coastal regions of Australia by Indigenous Australians exist in Australia today. Middens provide evidence of prior occupation and are generally protected from mining and other developments.

Unlike other "temple mounds" around the Tampa Bay area, the Portavant Mound does not have a ramp to the top of the mound. There is a lower (one m high) platform, about 30 m by 30 m, that abuts the main mound. The Portavant Mound was made from soil mixed with debris from middens. Several other mounds, also consisting of soil mixed with midden debris, are near the "temple mound".

Living quarters are also often built against rock crevices, at the base of creosote or cactus plants, or in the lower branches of trees. Rock crevices appear preferred where available, but pack rats generally adapt to any situation. Wood rat (Neotoma lepida) midden Woodrats construct houses for nesting, food caching, and predator escape. These can have up to six entrances and eight internal chambers, including both nests and food caches.

The complex was laid out with several rooms leading off a small courtyard, and the entire complex was surrounded by an enormous wall. The entry to the complex was through a narrow passage. A large midden adjacent to the north west wall of the courtyard house was uncovered during excavation, revealing a large pile of limpet shells. Other detritus at the site included fish, cattle, sheep, pig and horse bones.

The Grand Site is an archaeological site in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. The site includes a shell midden approximately 30 fee wide and 175 feet in diameter, with a sand mound immediately to the west. It is a product of the St. Johns archaeological culture spanning the St. Johns IIA through IIB periods. On June 20, 1975, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

The mound is a buildup of midden located on a terrace ridge to the northeast of the nearby Jacks Bay Site. Pottery sherds collected at the site have enabled archaeologists to determine the different succeeding cultures which have inhabited the site. The site was first occupied briefly about 1 CE by peoples of the Marksville culture. It was again occupied by the later peoples of the Baytown culture.

The Great Diamond Island Site, designated Site 9-16 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric archaeological site on Great Diamond Island in Casco Bay, off the coast of southern Maine. Principally a shell midden, the site is an important window into the habitation and usage history of the Casco Bay region by Native Americans. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Great Diamond Island is one of the inner islands of Casco Bay, located about east of the Portland peninsula. The island is administratively part of the city, and was for many years the site of Fort McKinley. Site 9-16 is primarily a shell midden located on the island. The site also includes a number of subsurface pit features, which are interpreted as either storage or cooking sites.

Mountain gazelle in the Dubai Desert Conservation Area, UAE. It appears that middens have olfactory importance for mountain gazelles. Many gazelle species use middens (see also Animal latrine) for activities related to territory maintenance, advertisement and olfactory communication. Due to the investment required to maintain a midden, it is likely that middens would not be randomly placed throughout the environment, but rather would be distributed on different landmarks.

Bush Hyrax from Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Fossilized dung middens from Hyrax species have contributed significant climate information for paleobiologists. Pollen that becomes fossilized in dung midden can provide information about the climate and environment during the time period when it was fossilized. This provides researchers with a better understanding of what historical environmental changes may have occurred leading up to the biodiversity and present day environment of various places.

Greenstone ceremonial axe, from shell midden, Mount Irvine Bay, Tobago, 1957. Tobago was settled by indigenous people belonging to the Ortoiroid cultural tradition some time between 3500 and 1000 BCE. In the first century of the Common Era, Saladoid people settled in Tobago. They brought with them pottery-making and agricultural traditions, and are likely to have introduced crops which included cassava, sweet potatoes, Indian yam, tannia and corn.

Novomessor cockerelli forms large underground colonies, sometimes with multiple entrances, on open ground or beside rocks. The nest tends to be surrounded by a midden, a circle of tiny pebbles and plant remains. The worker ants normally leave the nest to forage in the early morning and in the evening, at which times the ground temperature is within the range . During the winter they may forage throughout the day.

The Orr-Herl Mound and Village Site is an archaeological site located along the Ohio River in Hardin County, Illinois, United States. The site consists of a mound, which includes a sizable midden, and the remains of a village. The village was inhabited from roughly 900 to 1500 AD by Mississippian peoples. The site was an important source of fluorspar, which Mississippian peoples used for carvings and beads.

A typical household unit at San José Mogote contained braziers, earth ovens and/or hearths for cooking, stone manos and metates for grinding, and blackened pottery. Food, including maize, was stored in pits that were bell-shaped and located outside the house walls. Later, trash was dumped into these pits, forming midden deposits. Burials and other activity areas were also located in areas adjacent to the house structures.

An archaeological survey in 1969 revealed a shell midden at Mori Point, demonstrating pre-Columbian Native American residency at Mori Point. The limestone at Mori Point has been quarried by Native Americans and, later, by the Spanish.Postel (2010), p. 200 Francisco Sanchez received Rancho San Pedro in 1839 during the Rancho period, which encompassed much of present-day Pacifica, including the land that would later be called Mori Point.

The Greenwich Cove Site is a prehistoric archaeological site in Warwick, Rhode Island. The site is a significant multi-component site, with finds dating from the Late Archaic to the Middle Woodland Period. It notably includes a shell midden that has only been moderately affected by vandalism and development; these are particularly rare in coastal Rhode Island. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Historical marker Historic Spanish Point is a museum and environmental complex located in Osprey, Florida. It is operated by the Gulf Coast Heritage Association, Inc. Located at 337 North Tamiami Trail, in Osprey, Florida, the museum includes an archeological exhibit of a prehistoric shell mound known as a midden, a turn-of-the-century pioneer homestead historic house museum, a citrus packing house, a chapel, boatyard, gardens and nature trails.

The Burial Mound was built by many generations of prehistoric native North Americans who lived along the Shell Ridge Midden from about 300 to 1000. Human bones and ceremonial offerings of shark teeth, smashed pottery and other materials were periodically placed on the mound, then covered with sand.Historic Spanish Point: Enjoy Nature, Experience Prehistory, Explore Florida's Past, Photos and Design (c) 2009 Laura Dean; Illustration by Sketches, etc., at "5".

The rectangular midden included post holes, fire sites, ceramic fragments and variety of sedimentary rocks and crystals. The site was dated to 2800-1500 BC and included stone and Bronze Age. A multi-stage dry stone wall in Pian del Remit can't be exactly dated but may date from the Iron Age into the modern era. Its original function (building foundation, terrace wall or marker stone) is not known.

Since 11 March 2010 she has been again a council member of this Dutch Limburg municipality. In the meantime she was a member of the municipal council as well as VVD fraction leader of the South Holland municipality of Midden- Delfland from 2004 to 2006. Straus studied public administration at Radboud University Nijmegen and organizational and management studies at VU University Amsterdam. She also studied at Nyenrode Business University.

A survey carried out in November 1982 reported evidence of the presence of the following vertebrate animals - the White-faced storm petrel by the presence of ‘shallow burrows’ used during the ‘summer breeding season’, Pacific gull by the existence of a ‘large midden of shell fragments was found on the highest dome, indicating a feeding site…’, and the White-bellied sea eagle by the presence of a ‘maintained nest’.

The is an archaeological site located in what is now the town of Misato, Tōda District, Miyagi Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. The site is the ruins of a settlement with associated tombs and shell midden containing remains from the early Jōmon period through the Kofun period, indicating continuous occupation over several thousand years. It is protected by the central government as a National Historic Site.

Avans University of Applied Sciences itself was founded on January 1, 2004, as a union of Hogeschool 's-Hertogenbosch and Hogeschool Brabant in Tilburg, Breda, and Etten-Leur. Hogeschool Brabant itself was a union from 1988 of Hogeschool West-Brabant (Etten-Leur and Breda) and Hogeschool Midden-Brabant (Tilburg). The oldest branch of Avans University of Applied Sciences is the Kunstacademie in 's-Hertogenbosch, which was founded on October 1, 1812.

The Adolfo Canyon Site (LA 5665) is an archaeological site containing a Navajo pueblito located in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. The site is situated on a rock outcrop overlooking Adolfo Canyon. The site consists of a three-room, single story pueblito, and extensive midden area, and six forked stick hogans on the crest of a ridge.Defensive Sites Of Dinetah by Margaret A. Powers and Byron P. Johnson.

While such evidence is minimal, it suggests a short- term Shenks Ferry occupation at a date later than that of the Monongahela; among the remains of the Shenks Ferry occupation is a large midden located on top of the Monongahela stockade. The wide range of artifacts and the high degree of preservation at the Bedford Village site led to its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

View from the village church 't Woudt is a small village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is located about 5 km southwest of the city of Delft, in the municipality of Midden-Delfland. 't Woudt (then spelled "'t Woud") was a separate municipality between 1812 and 1817, when it was divided into Groeneveld, Hoog en Woud Harnasch, and a part that merged with Hof van Delft.

The buildings would have been single-storied, made of wattle-and-daub, roofed with turf or thatch – the latter made from reeds from the banks of the Tay. There would be a single room for living space, with one end cordoned-off for animals. An open hearth would have provided heat, possibly with a hole in the roof to extract smoke. Domestic rubbish would have been thrown onto a midden near the entrance.

The Gavin Watson Site, designated Site 59.8 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Sullivan, Maine. Located on the shore of Flanders Bay, an inlet off Frenchman Bay in Down East Maine, the site is a refuse midden that is (unusually for the region) free of shells. An important regional multicomponent site with artifacts spanning thousands of years, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

The site is believed to be that of a Plains Indian agricultural village, and was first excavated in 1938-39. The site's major element is a large midden and hearth, with a number of smaller hearth features and burial sites nearby. The site contains artifacts from the Late Prehistoric period, approximately 1200 AD to 1600 AD, including a variety of chipped stone points and scrapers. Fired earthenware bowls and jars have also been found.

In fact, the novel Raising Steam makes clear that this rivalry extends to the city level, as Pseudopolis refuses to accept an Ankh-Morpork-constructed trainline. As of Unseen Academicals, the aristocracy of the city appear to have undertaken an experiment in representative democracy, much to Lord Vetinari's amusement. While no Discworld novels have been set in Pseudopolis, a number of characters have roots there. Eric Thursley lives/lived at 13 Midden Lane ( ~~Faust~~ Eric).

The earliest-known site of human activity in Goat Canyon is a prehistoric campsite with a shell midden. In the area surrounding the canyon, evidence of human activity relating to the San Dieguito and La Jollan prehistoric cultures has been found. Within the canyon there is a San Dieguito-era quarry. In 1769, the Portolá expedition's overland group, with which Junípero Serra was traveling, traversed Goat Canyon on their way to San Diego Bay.

The reserve has picnic sites, the remains of a prehistoric shell midden and walking trails, with a walkway and pedestrian bridge that span the lagoon. At the mouth of the Ohlanga lagoon there is a popular but unofficial nudist beach. Increased use of the area by non-nudist walkers and families resulted in complaints about nudism and antisocial behaviour. The area was at one time a ‘no-go’ area, due to a serious crime problem.

Throughout the 1940s, he conducted extensive excavations in the Amerindian middens in Cedros, Erin and Palo Seco. The Cedros site in Trinidad, which he excavated with Irving Rouse in 1946, is considered one of the most important archaeological sites in the Caribbean, consisting of a partly destroyed shell midden located on the southwest tip of Trinidad. The corrected radiocarbon datings for the finds at this site were given as 190 B.C. and A.D. 100.

De Bosch also designed various vignettes for different publications, which were in turn engraved by several other artists.Roeland van Eijnden en Adriaan van der Willigen, Geschiedenis der Vaderlandsche Schilderkunst, Haarlem, 1817, p. 135-137. Furthermore, de Bosch is known for his topographical drawings of several Dutch cities, such as Amsterdam and Zeist.J. Meerdink, Johannes de Bosch (1713-1785) en zijn tekeningen van Zeist in het midden der 18e eeuw, Van de Poll- Stichting, 1979.

The site was further explored using modern methods by the University of Shizuoka from 1954–1955 and in 1983. Many of the artifacts, which included iron arrowheads, jewelry and pottery, are on display at the adjacent Hamamatsu City Museum. At present, the shell midden is divided into four parts. One part is preserved with the cross-section on display to a depth of approximately 1.5 meters, indicating habitation of the site for approximately 1000 years.

Scotland's Places. Retrieved 21 September 2013. According to the "Scotland's Places" website (which collates information from various national databases including RCAHMS) this "cove" is probably one of the caves on the island, possibly at which "has been divided by a drystone wall from floor to roof with an opening for communication between the two compartments". They note that Fraser Darling found a midden there, although all trace of it has now gone.

His articles were of a biting style. In 1928, he wrote the book "De Wielersport begint" (The Cycling Begins), which portrays the beginnings of racing in the Netherlands. In the following year he wrote "Te midden der kampioenen" (Among the Champions) about the multiple world champion Piet Moeskops and his special discipline Sprint (cycling). In 1941 he published the Sports Psychology works "Werk Mysterieuze Krachten in de Sport" (Mysterious Forces at Work in Sport).

From 1918 he worked closely with the Forest Research Institute at Buitenzorg (now Bogor), Java. In 1925, Endert accompanied a plant collecting expedition to central Borneo (Midden-Oost- Borneo-Expeditie), during which he collected Nepenthes fusca and Nepenthes mollis for the first time. In 1938 he was stationed at Makassar in southwestern Sulawesi, tasked with the supervision of the forests. In 1941 he was appointed Secretary of the Committee for Economic Plants.

The Mount Elizabeth Archeological Site, also known as Racey's Tuckahoe, St. Joseph's Novitiate or the Mount Elizabeth Indian Mound is a prehistoric midden and an archaeological site in Jensen Beach, Florida. It is located in Martin County's Indian RiverSide Park, which includes the former Florida Institute of Technology (Jensen Beach Campus) east of Indian River Drive on the Indian River Lagoon. On September 14, 2002, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Tribonyx hodgenorum was closely related to the black-tailed native-hen (Tribonyx ventralis) and the Tasmanian native-hen (Tribonyx mortierii). The species was first described by Ron Scarlett as Rallus hodgeni in 1955. Storrs L. Olson transferred it into the genus Gallinula in 1975 and changed its specific epithet to hodgenorum in 1986. It is only known from subfossil material of which the youngest Māori midden record is from the 18th century.

The village consists of a close-knit community and a very active social life. In 2007 the residents jointly took over the village pub and thus became jointly owned, to prevent the pub from closing definitively. This was made possible by around 500 residents who put money into the shares of the café, subsidy and a loan on favorable terms from the local bank. Since 2001 Esbeek has its own golf course, Golfclub Midden-Brabant.

For more than years prior to 1840, the Tharawal (or Dharawal) people occupied the catchment area evidenced by hundreds of Aboriginal artefacts, middens, rock carvings and cave paintings. In the mid-19th century shell grit was in high demand as a source of lime for building in the Sydney district. Consequently, mud and oyster rocks were collected in large numbers from Port Hacking catchment, destroying a number of Aboriginal midden sites in the region.

As an archaeologist, he researched Eskimo archaeology in the Julianehaab district, Disko Bay, and Inglefield Land. In 1931, he did work in the Lindenows Fjord area of southern Greenland, excavating 25 houses and unearthing 2,000 artifacts. In the 1930s, he was the first to identify the Ruin Island Phase of the Thule culture in northwest Greenland. He excavated the Comer's Midden site from 1935 to 1937, and again from 1946 to 1947.

Some of these remnants included but were not limited to, a midden containing house remains such as floors and kitchen features, a hearth indicating a common area, and artefacts with pottery and rock assemblage. These were part of the most significant discovery. Discovering the structural remains also provided a better understanding of the type of construction seen around the site, including pit-houses and dome- shaped homes with a communal area, usually containing a hearth.

Since Apollonia lets no one see her baby, village gossip accuses her of having killed and buried it in the midden (dung heap). They organize a search but instead of a corpse unearth Wiegland's lost motorcycle, missing for a year. Unable to bear their cruelty, Apollonia leaves with her baby for France. After learning that Apollonia returns his love, Paul, smitten, almost goes with her, but is unable to summon up the courage.

BC, it became a central part of the economy. Evidence for a shift in subsistence economy and social relations in the Later Terminal Kansyore Phase is seen in Siror and Usenge 3. At these sites a decline of fish resource exploitation is experienced and a rise in terrestrial mammals is emphasized. For example, in Usenge 3 the upper layers of deposit including terrestrial animals, such as cattle, overlaid a Kansyore shell midden.

However, future investigations found over 14,000 Dungeness crab fragments in roughly 4m3 of excavated midden sediment. It was determined that Native Americans harvested a large size range of Dungeness crabs, including many juvenile crabs, from the bay. It is suspected crabs were collected along with cockles using a rake-like tool during low tide. It seems all major shellfish species found in the middens could be harvested throughout the course of a tidal cycle.

Multiple radiocarbon dates for Mound C bracket the entire occupation of the site, but one radiocarbon test result from beneath the base of the mound suggests Mound C is one of the earliest constructions at the site. Mound C is composed of several thin layers of distinct soils with small amounts of accumulated debris, or midden, between them, indicating they were added over time. The uppermost level gave the mound its final dome shape.

At the eastern end the town is a midden, a pile of shells and other refuse that accumulated over two thousand years due to year-round activity of the indigenous peoples in Canada. It is today a provincial heritage site. The site of the town was named Qunnnoskwamk'ook, meaning long gravel bar in the Malecite-Passamaquoddy language. The present name was given by a French missionary who landed at the site on Saint Andrew's Day.

Gusuku wall Gusuku is the term used for the distinctive Okinawan form of castles or fortresses. Many gusukus and related cultural remains in the Ryukyu Islands have been listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites under the title Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu. After the midden culture, agriculture started about the 12th century, with the center moving from the seashore to higher places. This period is called the gusuku period.

The site suffers from weed growth, in particular the midden deposit, which has been disturbed (at least at the surface) by the manual removal of weeds. The painted stencil art is situated on the walls inside the rock shelter. The first formal recording of the site was made in 1974 by NPWS. The recording was not detailed, possibly due to obscuring vegetation, and noted only "5 very faint hand stencils, some very indistinct charcoal lines".

The area associated with the Leopard’s Kopje region stretches from just south of Belingwe, Zimbabwe, down to the Limpopo River. Archaeological sites in the region date to between 950-1100 AD. The six type sites that have been selected as most representative of the Leopard's Kopje culture are Zhizo Hill, York Ranch, Leopard's Kopje, Taba Zikamambo, Woolandale Estate Midden Mounds, and Enyandeni Farm. Other notable associated sites include Mapela Hill, K2, Khami, Mapungubwe, and Bambandyanalo.

The Ryukyu Islands were inhabited from at least 32,000-18,000 years ago, but their fate and relation with contemporary Ryukyuan people is uncertain. During the Jōmon period (i.e., Kaizuka) or so-called shell midden period (6,700-1,000 YBP) of the Northern Ryukyus, the population lived in a hunter-gatherer society, with similar mainland Jōmon pottery. In the latter part of Jōmon period, archaeological sites moved near the seashore, suggesting the engagement of people in fishery.

The girls excitedly reveal the news to the boys and the twins. Together, they plan to hunt for the cellars on the farm. They come across the castle's kitchen midden and realize they are close to finding the treasure. Junior spies on them and rushes to break the news to his father and his father's friend Mr Durleston, who decide to excavate the castle site, find the fortune and sell the goods in America.

British Archaeology, 1997. Imported chaff, straw, barley grain, charcoal and midden material were used for animal fodder, as temper for the making of wall plaster and mud-brick, and for fuel for the ovens and fires. At the Quarries, several columns, some basins and a bath can still be found lying broken; the largest column is 60 ft high and weighs some 200 tonnes. Many buildings still survive intact to roof height.

Los Osos Back Bay is a prehistoric Chumash archaeological site in the Los Osos Valley, near the coast in San Luis Obispo County, California. These ancient Californian Native Americans had a significant settlement, now named "Los Osos Back Bay," on a stabilized sand dune.C. Michael Hogan. 2008. , Los Osos Back Bay, Megalithic Portal, editor A. Burnham It is to the west of the Elfin Forest Natural Area, which has another midden within it.

Amaat Vyncke, Brieven van een Vlaamsche missionaris in Midden- Afrika, Tweede Reeks: Reis van Algiers naar Zanzibar (Letters from a Flemish missionary in Central-Africa; second series: Voyage from Algiers to Zanzibar), Karel Steyaert-Storie, Brugge, 1885 p. 9. There is no doubt about being this ship because in the same letter, Father Vyncke mentioned it was a three-master and steamer length of 300 feet with capacity of 1800 tons - company: British India Company.

The KYANG Site, also known as the Kentucky Air National Guard Site or 15JF267, is a prehistoric archaeological site located on the grounds of the Louisville Air National Guard Base in Louisville, Kentucky. The site was occupied from the Early Archaic period to the Late Woodland period. The site includes two zones, both of which contain extensive midden deposits. Burials were also conducted at the site, and human remains have been recovered from both zones.

Several lines of molehills in the pasture. shell midden, Chiba city A molehill (or mole-hill, mole mound) is a conical mound of loose soil raised by small burrowing mammals, including moles, but also similar animals such as mole-rats, and voles. The word is first recorded in the first half of the 15th century. Formerly the hill was known as a 'wantitump', a word still in dialect use for centuries afterwards.

Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature, 114, 35-55. At a site in Kilnatierney where ash, burnt shells, fish, and pig bones were discovered in a dug-out depression, the diminutive size of the fish bones suggests they were cooked on skewers or directly on hot rocks.Murray, E., Sloan, B., Hamilton- Dyer, S., & Wouter, W. (2011). A late Mesolithic shell midden at Kilnatierny near Greyabbey, Co. Down.

Several other aboriginal rock shelters also lie within Bidjigal Reserve, including one with a midden dated to 10150 bp, which is the earliest human habitation site known in the Sydney area (although older sites are known in the Blue Mountains). There are also reliable reports of other works of Australian aboriginal art, including hand stencils and rock engravings, but none have been identified in recent years, and they may have been damaged or destroyed.

Besides prestige items, inhabitants on Blueberry site shared cultural similarities with other groups of American Indians. Studying the red ocher recovered from the midden stratum and the ceramics, rituals and ceremony had a lot in common. Meanwhile, the analysis of hearth samples and the faunal assemblage proved the consistent subsistence strategy over time. The belle Glade communities harvested aquatic resource such as fish and turtles as well as upland resources such as deer and turkey.

There are a number of extant or proposed prehistoric sites in Douglas and the surrounding area, including a shell midden, ringforts, souterrains, and a fulacht fiadh. Further evidence of prehistoric settlement in the area includes the finding of a Bronze Age decorated beaten gold disc in the townland of Castletreasure; although reputed to be related to the ruined castle of the same name, it has actually been dated to 2500-2000 BC.

13 The difference in hearths based on amount of wear was an indicator to scholars to identify if the building was for ritualistic activities or not.Brown and Sheets, p. 13 The combination of phosphorus detection and heavy metal extraction within the site have allowed archaeologists to discover that each household stored about 70 vessels for cooking, plus serving food and drinks conducted in kitchen and midden areas in comparison to other areas.Parnell, pp.

Shell middens are often where archaeologists identify organic remains, thanks to their alkaline content, which is a good natural preserver. At Namu, an important burial context has been recovered in the shell midden, dating circa 3400 BC. The presence of this hunter-gatherer cemetery is further evidence of a prolonged sedentism, a characteristic of complex hunter-gatherers. Various stone technologies have been identified at the Namu site. It consisted of celts, microblades and burnishing stones.

His first solo exhibition, Midden Heap, was at the Friedman Benda Gallery in 2016. He has since exhibited at the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Walker Art Center, Dallas Museum of Art, and High Museum of Art. His work is found in numerous public collections such as Corning Museum of Glass (Corning, New York), and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (Houston, Texas). Collectors of his work include Kelly Wearstler and Peter Marino.

Brøgger finished his secondary education in 1903, but his higher education was sporadic. Without a formal examination, he wrote the paper Øxer av Nøstvettypen, which was published in 1905 by the Norwegian Geological Survey. He participated in the archaeological investigations of Svarthola outside Stavanger, and wrote a report on the first paleolithic kitchen midden found in Norway, published in the Annals of Stavanger Museum for 1907. Already in 1909 he completed his Dr.philos.

The Seven Mile Island Archeological District is an archeological site on an island in the Tennessee River in Colbert and Lauderdale County, Alabama. The island is believed to have been inhabited for about 9,000 years, with the earliest artifacts dated to the early Archaic Period. Out of 18 sites identified on the island, two have had extensive study. The Perry Site (1Lu25) is a seven-foot (2.1-meter) thick midden containing ceramic potsherds from the Archaic period.

Greenstone ceremonial axe from shell midden at Mt. Irvine Bay In the first century of the Common Era, Saladoid people settled in Tobago. Like the Ortoiroid people who preceded them, these Saladoid people are believed to have come from Trinidad. They brought with them pottery-making and agricultural traditions, and are likely to have introduced crops which included cassava, sweet potatoes, Indian yam, tannia and corn. Saladoid cultural traditions were later modified by the introduction of the Barrancoid culture.

Brogan grabs the woman's left nipple, stretches it and cuts it off to give it to Lunetta, who uses it to cast a spell upon the young woman, making her obey Brogan. Under Brogan's orders, Lunetta heals Duchess Lumholtz left breast, leaving it without a nipple. Brogan then gives Duchess Lumholtz to Galtero, who rapes the woman on top of the midden. Brogan then kills the Duke and makes it look like a mriswith did it.

Because this midden is composed of four feet of shell materials, the land was totally unsuitable for cultivation and appears to have been left undisturbed by early settlers as well as recent occupants of the island.Aulbach-Smith, Cynthia A., The Vascular flora of Callawassie Island, Beaufort County, South Carolina, Department of Biology, University of South Carolina. 1982 pp.11, 17 The lowland mixed hardwood forest occurs in low-lying areas of the island in poorly drained soils.

The ceramics from the period exhibit a close affinity in the Middle Preclassic to those of coastal Belize rather than the Belize Valley. The midden deposits at the Temple of the Masks also include a rich record of Late Preclassic activity. Moreover, it now appears that, by no later than the end of the Late Preclassic, the fundamental form of the Main Plaza was in place. Early phases of Structures 1, 4 and 6 were erected.

Engravings at Terrey Hills in northern Sydney. The two kangaroos suggest this was used for an increase ceremony, whilst the well-endowed man may be Baiame. The aboriginal rock engraving sites usually contain images of sacred spiritual beings, mythical ancestral hero figures, various endemic animals, fish and many footprints. Surrounding the rock engravings, there are art sites, burial sites, caves, marriage areas, men’s areas, women’s areas, birthing areas, midden sites, stone arrangement sites and tool manufacturing locations.

This practice is also described in sources describing boginki. However, even if Dziwożona managed to take a baby away, there was still a way to get it back. The mother had to take the changeling to a midden, whip it with a birch twig and pour over it water from an eggshell, shouting "Take yours, give mine back!", at which point Dziwożona normally felt sorry for her offspring and took it away, returning the one she stole.

Our City Forest. Why is Everything named Humboldt? The area around Humboldt Bay was once solely inhabited by the Wiyot Indian tribe. One of the largest Wiyot villages, Tolowot, was located on Indian Island in Humboldt Bay. Founded around 900 BC, it contains a shell midden in size and deep. It was the site of the February 26, 1860 massacre of the Wiyot people that was recorded by Bret Harte, then living in Union, now called Arcata.

The Turtle Mound shell midden, in Florida, is the largest on the US East Coast. Shell middens are found in coastal or lakeshore zones all over the world. Consisting mostly of mollusc shells, they are interpreted as being the waste products of meals eaten by nomadic groups or hunting parties. Some are small examples relating to meals had by a handful of individuals, others are many metres in length and width and represent centuries of shell deposition.

The word "midden" is still in everyday use in Scotland and has come by extension to refer to anything that is a mess, a muddle, or chaos. This use was also taken to Northern Ireland by Scottish plantation settlers. Privy middens, outdoor toilets, used to be common in industrial cities such as Manchester. The word is used by farmers in Britain to describe the place where farm yard manure from cows or other animals is collected.

There is evidence of humans in North Devon from Mesolithic times onward. Worked pieces of flint or stone, known as flint scatters, that date to this era have been found around Baggy Point in an area where flint does not occur naturally. In the clays beneath the sand of Westward Ho! beach there is a Mesolithic midden, a prehistoric dump for domestic waste, composed of mussels, cockles, peppery furrow shells (Scrobicularia plana), and carpet shells (Venerupis spp.).

The series was later adapted to television (Madelief, 1994) and film (Scratches in the Table, 1998). In 1982 she won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis together with Guus Kuijer for the book Erzähl mir von Oma, the German translation of Krassen in het tafelblad (1978). From 1985 onwards Post illustrated many of Toon Tellegen's books for almost three decades. In 2006, at age 81, Post received the Zilveren Penseel award for her illustrations in Tellegen's book Midden in de nacht.

Seghwaert is a district in Zoetermeer that was formed around the old village of Zegwaart (or Zegwaard), which fused with the municipality of Zoetermeer in 1935, using the archaic spelling of the locale's name. The old Zegwaart was a ribbon development along what remains until today as Zegwaartseweg, which is perpendicular to Dorpstraat. The district is divided into Seghwaert-Oost (2723), -Midden (2724) and -Noord (2727). In the Middle Ages Zegwaart and Zoetermeer formed a parish.

In 1565, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés explored the St. Johns River, perhaps reaching Lake Monroe. At the time of contact with Europeans, the area was home to the Mayaca Indians, who lived in small villages. They collected snails and shellfish, hunted turtles, deer and alligators, and gathered roots, nuts and berries for food. The Enterprise midden or shell mound accumulated over thousands of years from the debris of cooking and toolmaking by the ancestors of the Mayaca.

One of more than 1,000 who applied was Cornelius Taylor from San Pablo (now Mayport), a former timber agent and first cousin to General Zachary Taylor. In 1841, he and about 20 others founded "Enterprise" at Fort Kingsbury, which had been abandoned after six weeks, and filed for homestead the next year. Taylor built an inn atop the shell midden to attract visitors traveling by shallow-draft steamboat from Palatka, the furthest upstream that ocean-going vessels could navigate.

She is a member of the AHRC peer college, and a member of the assessment panel for the NERC radiocarbon facility. In addition to her work at iconic Star Carr, she has also worked on shell midden sites in Ireland, Scotland, Spain and Portugal, and has co-directed excavations as Howick and Baylet. In November 2019 Milner was Highly Commended in the category of 'Outstanding Research Supervisor of the Year' at the Times Higher Education Awards.

In addition, many individual Stone and Bronze Age objects have been found throughout the municipality. An Iron Age midden heap was found at Rifeld. Below the Gasthaus (combination hotel and restaurant) Anker are the foundations of a Roman small fort from the second half of the 4th Century and a nearby soldier's grave from the same period. Between Mumpf and Stein, a fragment of a milestone, with an inscription, from the time of Antoninus Pius (139 AD) was discovered.

Thule Greenlanders whaling, drawing by Hans Egede, 18th century ;Habitation periods The site shows signs of having been inhabited from the 14th to the 20th century although Holtved reports that the 17th and 18th centuries are poorly represented.Holtved (1944) vol. II, p. 179. ;Ruins The site contains about 26 house ruins and several middens distributed over an area of about in width and stretching over inland with the midden which Comer excavated located at its south end.

The Municipal Forest was donated by the Ross family in 1935 The Bosque Municipal (Municipal Forest) was donated by the Ross family in 1935. The main access to the forest is in front of Ross Casino, near Paseo el Sol; or by a road near the Colegio Preciosa Sangre. The forest has a footpath surrounded by palms, pines, and many other varieties of trees. Conchal Indígena (Indigenous Midden) is an archaeological site of pre-Hispanic times.

A plaza group directly overlies the principal chamber of the Cueva de El Duende (not to be confused with the similarly named Cueva de Río El Duende), which lies just southwest of the El Duende pyramid. A 2 meter deep midden was discovered in this cave showing heavy use during the Preclassic and Classic periods. A ceramic vessel bearing the earliest dynastic text yet recovered from Dos Pilas was found in this midden.Brady 1997, p. 608.

The Pineland Archeological District includes a number of mounds and other features. Close to the shore is Battey's Landing (8LL35), consisting of the Brown Mound Complex, with five mounds, to the northwest, and to the southeast, the Randell Mound Complex, with two mounds. The two complexes are separated by the western end of the Pine Island Canal (8LL34). Southeast of the Randell Mound Complex, close to the shore, is the Old Mound, or Pineland Midden (8LL37).

Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge preserves habitat for threatened and endangered species, with particular emphasis on the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Its two miles (3 km) of sandy beaches on the southwest corner of Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands is an ideal nesting place for leatherbacks. The National Wildlife Refuge is open to the public for limited hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The Aklis Archeological Site, a prehistoric shell midden on the coast, is in the refuge.

The surface of the midden deposit has been disturbed by erosion and the manual removal of weeds. The painted stencils have not been physically harmed by vandalism, though litter has been observed within the rock shelter. The visibility of the paintings however has deteriorated due to weathering as a result of the lack of protective screening. Expert advice is required to determine whether the effects of weathering can be reversed in order to recover and preserve the stencils.

Archaeological excavations in the province attest to its rich precolonial past. Archaeological materials including burial jars, human bones, shell midden and pot shreds have been discovered at different sites in Bondoc Peninsula including the towns of San Narciso, San Andres, Mulanay and Catanauan. The most recent excavations were conducted in Catanauan by the Catanauan Archeological and Heritage Project. According to the preliminary report released by the Catanauan Archaeological and Heritage Project, several excavations were conducted in the 1930s.

Occupation of these sites is believed to date from the Middle Fort Ancient period of the thirteenth century AD. A leading part of the district is a village site, also known as the "Henry Bechtel Village"; it includes a wide midden and a cemetery. Plowing of the fields at the village site has frequently turned up a wide range of artifacts, including burial pits, hearths, and trash pits.Owen, Lorrie K., ed. Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places. Vol. 1.

Beaudry attended the College of William and Mary, initially choosing a major in English, with the goal of being a writer. In 1970, she enrolled in an Introduction to Anthropology class in order to meet a college requirement. Along with her class, Beaudry was invited by the instructor to join the excavation of a prehistoric shell midden at Maycock Plantation. During the excavation, Beaudry assisted in the discovery of the remains of a 17th-century child.

Early occupancy of c̓əsnaʔəm (Marpole Midden) is evident from c. 2000 BCE – 450 CE, and lasting at least until around the late 1800s CE, when smallpox and other diseases affected the inhabitants. Other notable early settlements that record has been found of include prominent villages along the Duwamish River estuary dating back to the 6th century CE, which remained continuously inhabited until sometime in the later 18th century.Dailey, map icon 33, Dailey reference 2, 9, 10.

A truncated pyramidal mound up to high and up to long on each side at the base stood on one side of the plaza. One or more buildings stood on top of the mound, and a ramp ran from the top of the mound to the plaza. A burial mound would be located off to the side. A shell mound, or midden, ran along the shore, and other middens were sometimes located on other sides of the plaza.

Green stone ceremonial axe. From shell midden, Mt Irvine Bay, Tobago, 1957 Human settlement in Trinidad dates back at least 7,000 years. The earliest settlers, termed Archaic or Ortoiroid, are believed to have settled Trinidad and Tobago from northeastern South America around 4000 BCE. Twenty-nine Archaic sites have been identified, mostly in south Trinidad and Tobago; this includes the 7,000-year-old Banwari Trace site which is the oldest discovered human settlement in the eastern Caribbean.

Because of its location, the spit provides access to countless resources that thrive in both the calm waters of Drayton Harbor, and the ocean currents through the Strait of Georgia. Historically, the Lummi Indian Nation used the spit for its natural resources; a major village was built on the spit. Today, shell midden is clearly visible in many places, on either side of the spit, as wave action has cut away at the shore, revealing historic artifacts.

The structures are archaeologically similar to shell rings found on the coasts of Florida and South Carolina. In 1940 and 1941, a limited archaeological survey was executed on a large prehistoric shell midden on Dauphin Island. More extensive excavations of the site were conducted by archaeologists from the University of South Alabama in 1990. Observation of the mound profile revealed stratification with large layers of oyster shells and thin intervening layers of charcoal, fish bones, and potsherds.

A fourteen-year-old demonologist and title character in Eric. He lives at 13 Midden Lane, Pseudopolis. Eric inherited most of his demonology books and paraphernalia (as well as a talking parrot) from his grandfather; his parents, apparently convinced that their son was destined to become a gifted demonologist, allowed him free rein over his grandfather's workshop. Eric was relatively unsuccessful as a demonologist until, with some unknown assistance, he managed to summon Rincewind from the Dungeon Dimensions.

It has been dated to the late 12th to early 13th century and was used as a fishing station by the Huron people. It is the only documented fishing station from the Uren period, and one of few sites of that period to have been discovered. The site is regarded by archeologists as a temporary location "for exploitation of local fish resources". Numerous fish remains were found in the site's midden, but no longhouses were found there.

Plum Orchard The Dungeness and Plum Orchard were designated as National Historic Districts in 1982 and 1984 respectively. The Dungeness district contains the ruins of the Carnegie Dungeness mansion and its supporting structures and gardens, the Tabby House dating to the Early Republic, and a cemetery. The Plum Orchard Historic District contains the intact Plum Orchard mansion dating to the 1890s, a shell midden dating back over 4,000 years, and the mansion's support structures including an electrical house.

The uppermost 60 cm of the site was rich shell midden, with abundant shells, faunal remains, stone artefacts and human remains. Below this the site was very sandy and contained mostly stone artefacts. In 1988 the site was re-visited by archaeologists Rhys Jones and Christopher Chippindale, along with geochronologist Richard 'Bert' Roberts. At this time they augered a single core at the site in order to trial the then new technique of thermoluminescence dating at the site.

Sediments are highly alkaline, favoring the preservation of bone. There is approximately of deposit, fairly uniform in depth. The deposit is mostly midden, containing concentrations of bone, shell, some stone and little charcoal Thiara Tuberculata composes 78% weight wise and Rhysota composes 7-15% of the total weight of shells. However, Rhysota still significantly contributes to the total meat weight. Naulan Cave’s taxonomy is the same with the Lapuz Lapuz cave except for the lack of civets.

Lars Larsson (born 1947) is a Swedish writer, photographer, and adventurer. Chair of prehistoric archaeology at Lund University in Sweden, Larsson has devoted most of his research career to the Stone Age in southernmost Sweden. Among his fieldwork may be noted excavations at the Ageröd bog, famous Late Mesolithic cemeteries at Skateholm, a Mesolithic shell midden and a Neolithic megalithic tomb in Portugal. In the 1990s, Larsson directed excavations of Middle Palaeolithic cave settlements in northern Zimbabwe.

Accessed 2014-02-13. Previous archaeological work in and around the Grant Birthplace included the retrieval of early nineteenth-century pottery from a small midden being impacted by the replacement of a nearby bridge in 1984, as well as a field survey of open areas in the birthplace grounds before the construction of a small building at the site in 2005; the latter project recovered only a couple of insignificant lithic flakes from an unidentified prehistoric period.

The finger ridges are separated from each other by canals. Several of the finger ridges are associated with "water courts", depressions deep enough to retain water. Some may have stored rain water for drinking, while others, with a connection to open water, may have served as fish traps. The finger ridges are also constructed from clean, whole oyster shells, but are covered by a midden layer of black earth and shells with many artifacts and fish bones.

The Atkinson-Koskinen Site, designated 45.13 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric archaeological site in or near Steuben, Maine. Its main feature is a non-shell refuse midden, a rarity on the coast of eastern Maine. Along with the Goddard Site in Brooklin, it is important in analyzing land use and subsistence patterns during the Late Ceramic period (1000-1400 CE). The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Shells are not a regular feature of the site, since a number of test pits contained no or very little shell material.Spiess, Arthur (1984). NRHP nomination for Atkinson-Koskinen Site; redacted version available by request from the National Park Service This type of non-shell midden area is rare on the coast of Maine. At the time of its listing on the National Register in 1984, only one other site, the major Goddard Site, was known.

Fong Yuen Study Hall The vacated Ma Wan Main Street Village aka. Ma Wan Town in 2011, viewed from the breakwater of the typhoon shelter. Remains have been found from the Mid- Neolithic Age (about 3000 BC), the late Neolithic Age (about 2000 BC), the early to late Bronze Age of coastal South China (1500–500 BC), the period of the Warring States to the Han dynasty (206 BC −220 AD),Rogers, P., Widdowson, E.. Midden Excavation in Theory and Practice: a Han period midden site at Tung Wan Tsai, Ma Wan Island, Hong Kong . Papers from the Institute of Archaeology, North America, 7, Oct. 2009 the Tang dynasty (618–917 AD) and the Qing dynasty (1644–1911 AD). In 1997, a joint excavation by the Antiquities and Monuments Office and the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences found complete Neolithic human skeletal remains in tombs at the Tung Wan Tsai North site. 20 tombs were found spanning from the late Neolithic to the early Bronze Age. The prehistoric island had late neolithic inhabitants as proved by recent excavations.

There were also pits in which shells had been burned to produce lime. Unburned shells around the edges of the lime pits were mainly river mussels, but also included conchs and venus clams. Human coprolites, feces preserved by exposure to the lime, were also found around the edges of the pits. Mound A was expanded at least twice during Periods II and III (200 to 1200 or later), with a particularly dense midden area deposited in the first half of that period. Some habitation of the mound extended past 1400.Sears:147-48, 169-71, 173, 174, 195 At its final development, Mound B was cone-shaped (with a steeper slope on the upper part) with a slightly truncated top.Sears:148 Decayed conch shells, along with badly decayed human bones and teeth, were found on the original surface of the mound, below the lowest midden layer of Mound B.Sears:155, 160 Dirt excavated from the adjacent pond was used to build the earliest part of Mound B and the embankment that surrounded the mound (connecting to Mound A at both ends).

When searching for food is dangerous or unproductive, animals often use food stores to supply all or part of their diet. This is a feasible strategy to avoid food shortage. It is the habit of collecting and storing both food and nonfood items that has earned the eastern woodrat is other common name of "pack-rat" or "trade rat". Starting in September, the woodrat will start to forage and store food in its midden for use and survival in the winter.

The town is home to St Joseph's Catholic Primary School (current principal Mrs Luisa Tobin), Bulli Public School, Waniora Public School and Bulli High School, New South Wales. At Sandon Point and Tramway Creek immediately north of the promontory, there is some remnant bushland including turpentine forest. This is an important migratory bird location and a history walk has been set up along the road were the old railway used to go. This point is also the site of a midden area.

Slochteren () is a village and former municipality with a population of 15,546 in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. On January 1, 2018, Slochteren merged with Hoogezand-Sappemeer and Menterwolde, forming the municipality Midden-Groningen. The former municipality can be characterized as a chain of small villages dividing a mostly agricultural landscape. Having an agricultural background for at least a thousand years, the community houses for the most part commuters to nearby towns like Hoogezand, Groningen and Delfzijl.

Julia and her brother, Paul, are spending a day by the beach when they discover a midden heap. They climb to the top, where Julia discovers a rag doll in a ball of feathers hidden in a nest. It turns out to be a powerful and evil witch, and it possesses Julia and spirits her away through a pyramid of fire. Paul manages to follow them and he finds himself in a strange country desperately unprepared for the return of the Ragwitch.

They all connect in what is essentially an out-and-back, but various loops of different lengths and difficulties can be ridden off the main out-and-back. The extinct Tequesta Indians canoed the waters of the Oleta River over 400 years ago and today, a Tequesta village and midden site is preserved nearby as a reminder of the river's past human history. This area now represents one of the last wilderness areas available to wildlife in northern Miami-Dade County.

After the war, the Netherlands enforced the Cultivation System which was linked to famines and epidemics in the 1840s, first in Cirebon and then Central Java, as cash crops such as indigo and sugar had to be grown instead of rice. However, the Dutch also brought modernisation to Central Java. In the 1900s, the predecessor of the modern Central Java was created, named Gouvernement of Midden-Java. Before 1905, central Java consisted of 5 gewesten (regions) namely Semarang, Rembang, Kedu, Banyumas, and Pekalongan.

Augustine Mulliner, a meek and mild young curate, arrives in Lower-Briskett-in-the-Midden to assist the vicar, the Rev. Stanley Brandon and falls in love with the vicar's daughter, Jane Brandon. The young lovers wonder how to approach the fierce vicar about their love when a package arrives from Augustine Mulliner's aunt containing a tonic, Buck-U-Uppo (it works directly on the corpuscles). Mulliner takes a tablespoonful as recommended by his aunt and becomes more confident and assertive.

Comer's Midden was a 1916 archaeological excavation site near Thule (modern Qaanaaq), north of Mt. Dundas in North Star Bay in northern Greenland.Thalbitzer, 1934Dick, 2001Thule Forum, 2006 It is the find after which the Thule culture was named.Birket-Smith, p. 548. The site was first excavated in 1916 by whaling Captain George Comer, ice master of the Crocker Land Expedition's relief team, and of members of Knud Rasmussen's Second Danish Thule Expedition who were in the area charting the North Greenland coast.

Abbey St Bathans KirkIn the mid-1960s a deposit or "midden" was found by the existing Kirk, on the river bank where such a "tip" would logically be located . This contained many shards of pottery which were identified as mediaeval by the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh. This suggests that the priory was located in the riverside meadow area around the existing Kirk, and a dig would probably reveal some of the structure. This deposit was discovered and excavated by Mrs.

Smotherlaw barrow at Carlbury is in the parish of High Coniscliffe. A small, copper, Bronze Age tool was found in the village in 1991. Roman pottery, thought to be related to Piercebridge Roman Fort, has been found scattered on fields, possibly as fertiliser from a Roman midden. There is a carving in St Edwin's church of two winged figures on either side of a calf or ram; this is thought to be an Anglo-Saxon re-carving of a Roman dedication stone.

The earliest evidence of human occupation unearthed so far by archaeological investigations is that of the Thule culture, dating to approximately 1000 years ago. These people are the ancestors of the present-day Inuvialuit.Analysis of midden material from a Thule Eskimo dwelling site on the shore of Herschel Island The Inuvialuktun word for Herschel Island is "Qikiqtaruk", which simply means "island". The first European to sight the island was explorer Sir John Franklin, who named it on 15 July 1826.

The Jupiter Inlet Historic and Archeological Site is an archaeological site in Jupiter, Florida. It is located off A1A in the area of DuBois Park. An ancient shell midden built by the Jaega people, it was the site of the village of Hobe (or Jobe in Spanish orthography), which was later conflated with Jove and inspired the name of the town of Jupiter, Florida, where it is located. On November 5, 1985, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

View of the southeastern beach on Benson Island Benson is a small, irregularly shaped island on the northwestern edge of the Broken Group. It covers about and is about at its longest points from north to south. The shoreline is mostly very rugged, with two rock beaches on the northeast and southeast sides of the island. The northeast beach is the site of a former Tseshaht village, and there is a large cultural shell midden extending approximately along the shoreline.

LIBS has also been evaluated as a promising elemental imaging technique in meat. In 2019, researchers of the University of York and of the Liverpool John Moores University employed LIBS for studying 12 European oysters (Ostrea edulis, Linnaeus, 1758) from the Late Mesolithic shell midden at Conors Island (Republic of Ireland). The results highlighted the applicability of LIBS to determine prehistoric seasonality practices as well as biological age and growth at an improved rate and reduced cost than was previously achievable.

A feature described as "the single most important discovery on 9WR4" was found in the southern section. This feature was a Late Archaic midden filled pit house. Charcoal found in the hearth was radiocarbon dated to 1900-1950 B.C. The distribution of artifacts suggested that the artifacts were accumulated over time, and not used as fill after abandonment of the dwelling. This large rectangular feature measured about 5m x 4m x 35 cm and had a volume of about 5650 liters.

This type of blade is thought to be the oldest blade of the Upper Paleolithic and is only found in Haua Fteah and another nearby site. The origins of the Dabban is still unknown completely. In phase 4, the 8 to 7 feet layers, a midden exists that mainly contains mammal bones and teeth, large amounts of limpet and cockle shells and land snails. This phase was also characterized by Later Stone Age microlithic tools dated to 14 to 10 kya.

Okinawa midden culture or shell heap culture is divided into the early shell heap period corresponding to the Jōmon period of Japan and the latter shell heap period corresponding to the Yayoi period of Japan. However, the use of Jōmon and Yayoi of Japan is questionable in Okinawa. In the former, it was a hunter- gatherer society, with wave-like opening Jōmon pottery. In the latter part of Jōmon period, archaeological sites moved near the seashore, suggesting the engagement of people in fishery.

Electrical resistance meters can be thought of as similar to the Ohmmeters used to test electrical circuits. Archaeological features can be mapped when they are of higher or lower resistivity than their surroundings. A stone foundation might impede the flow of electricity, while the organic deposits within a midden might conduct electricity more easily than surrounding soils. Although generally used in archaeology for planview mapping, resistance methods also have a limited ability to discriminate depth and create vertical profiles (see Electrical resistivity tomography).

As at 11 June 2009, the site has been deteriorating over time due to a lack of protection and poor site management practices. The midden deposit has been disturbed by erosion and the manual removal of invasive weeds. The visibility of the stencils within the shelter has deteriorated over time (observation based upon comparison with the 1970s recordings and subsequent records of site visits by Council officers). This process appears to have accelerated since screening vegetation was removed from around the rock shelter.

Marpole is one of Vancouver's oldest communities. The Great Marpole Midden, an ancient Musqueam village and burial site, one of North America's largest village sites and "one of the largest pre-contact middens on the Pacific coast of Canada", has been a National Historic Site since 1933. According to the Musqueam, it dates back at least 4,000 years. A long-house dated to the year 5 AD was located near modern Marine Drive, in South Vancouver, belonging to the Ancient Marpole First Nation.

281 Most samples come from room 2, which is believed to be the oldest and largest room in the Unit. Most radiocarbon dates come from wood charcoal samples from midden, though there are two samples of reed fragments from pit 3 in Unit 4. Thin layers of much later material have also been found on several sites within El Paraiso. These have been dated to belong to the Early Intermediate Period about 200 B.C. to 550 A.D.Quitter et al, 1991, p.

He collected and seriated the samples separately in order to establish a chronology of five distinct periods, and used the process to determine a theory of midden building for South Florida. While at Yale, Goggin continued to study the cultural history of Florida. For his dissertation, he created a chronology of Florida's history based on locations and periods with evidence of solid wood given way to “cultural patterns.” He presented his argument and evidence from a standpoint of ethnohistory, ethnology, and archaeology.

Middelburg () is a city and municipality in the south-western Netherlands serving as the capital of the province of Zeeland. Situated on the central peninsula of the Zeeland province, Midden-Zeeland (consisting of former islands Walcheren, Noord-Beveland and Zuid-Beveland), it has a population of about 48,000. In terms of technology, Middelburg played a role in the Scientific Revolution at the early modern period. The city was historically a center of lens crafting in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.

45 ("The only domestic animals were dogs—the principal source of meat for much of Preclassic Mesoamerica—and turkeys—understandably rare because that familiar bird consumes very large quantities of corn and is thus expensive to raise".) and dog bones are common in midden deposits throughout the region. Societies of this region did hunt certain wild species for food. These animals included deer, rabbit, birds, and various types of insects. They also hunted for luxury items, such as feline fur and bird plumage.

Gault site: the 2007–2014 excavation at bedrock. Excavations have been conducted in 15 areas, augmented by numerous machine-dug trenches and boreholes as well as the use of non-invasive geophysical procedures. The work in 1998–2002 focused on relatively undisturbed, early deposits beneath the looted midden. A sequence of cultural materials from early Paleoindian to early Archaic times was documented, including the technology styles identified as Clovis, Folsom, Wilson, St. Mary's Hall, Cody, Golondrina, Barber, Angostura, Hoxie, and Gower.

Gisolf dedicated his thesis--"Beschrijving van een microscopisch onderzoek van Gabbros en Amfibolieten herkomstig van Midden- Celebes"--to G.A.F. Molengraaff, his close friend. W.F. Gisolf is further well known from his publication in the "Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen in N.O.I." from 1924 with the title "De meteoriet van Tjerebon". In the "Jaarboek voor het mijnwezen" Gisolf published various articles between 1920 and 1930. He wrote an article in a German Journal, the "Mineralogische und Petrografische Mitteilungen", called "Zur graphischen Darstellung von Gesteinsanalysen".

Frederik de Wit was born Frederik Hendriksz. He was born to a Protestant family in about 1629, in Gouda, a small city in the province of Holland, one of the seven united provinces of the Netherlands. His father Hendrik Fredericsz (1608 – 29 July 1668)Streekarchief Midden-Holland, Gouda: inventarissen: 8. Sociale zorg; vakorganisaties (1) was a hechtmaecker (knife handle maker) from Amsterdam,Gemeente Amsterdam Stadsarcief: Archief van de Burgerlijke Stand; Doop-, trouw- en begraafboeken van Amsterdam: Book 2476, fish 764 p. 50.

While some archaeologists passed by or visited Useppa Island in the 19th century, the first scientific excavation on the island was by John Griffin and Hale Smith, who collected ceramics from a disturbed midden in 1947. Jerald Milanich and Jefferson Chapman conducted more extensive excavations on Collier Mound and adjacent middens in 1979 and 1980, using a backhoe to dig trenches in mound and middens.Milanich, et al.:268-70 William Marquardt and Michael Hansinger conducted an excavation on Collier Ridge in 1985.

Suicide Bay at Cape Grim, the scene of the events of 10 February 1828. The steep cliff face is at the centre, with the path to the beach, which includes the site of a midden, near the right. The Doughboys are on the left.The immediate catalyst of the February killings at Cape Grim was an incident about the beginning of December 1827 during a visit to the area by the Peerapper clan from West Point in search of muttonbird eggs and seals.

Many midden sites provide evidence of the use of sea foods as well as reptiles and mammals from the bushland. Fish hooks were made from turban shells and fishing lines and nets from bark and native grasses. Timber provided bark for huts, canoes, coolamons, and lomandra leaves were woven together to make bags. In early 1770 Dharawal people of the southern coastal area between Nowra and Kurnell observed a large "white bird" (oral tradition of the local people) or floating island.

1969 : Part of the film Ryan's Daughter was filmed around the remains of the Kakapo on Noordhoek beach. 1970 : The first annual Two Oceans Marathon was run -- the route passes through the valley. 1972 : A 2000-year-old midden containing mussel, limpet and abalone shells, and various stone implements was uncovered at Kommetjie in 1972. 2000 : Devastating mountain fires ravaged the southern Peninsula for several days in -- parts of Noordhoek and Kommetjie were evacuated until the fire services and air force had extinguished the blazes.

Samrong Sen (alternates: Somron-Seng, Somrong Seng, Somrong Sen, Som-Ron- Sen;Sophady (2007), p. 7 ) on the east bank of the Stueng Chinit River is a prehistoric archaeological site in the Kampong Chhnang Province, Cambodia. Consisting of a very large fluviatile shell midden, it flourished in particular from 1500 BC to 500 BC. Excavations at Samrong Sen, which started in the 1880s, have been described as the earliest prehistoric archaeological studies which gave credence to the concept of Southeast Asian Bronze Age.Miksic (2003), p.

In some cases, females will acquire additional middens prior to reproduction, which they later bequeath to their offspring. Offspring that do not receive a midden from their mother typically settle within 150 m (3 territory diameters) of their natal territory. Observations suggest that male red squirrels have environmentally induced, alternative reproductive strategies that result in higher incidences of sexually selected infanticide in years when food is plentiful. American red squirrels experience severe early mortality (on average only 22% survive to one year of age).

De Roepstorff was a member of several scholarly societies including the Asiatic Society of Bengal to whose journal he contributed notes. In his spare time he took a great interest in the fauna and flora, collecting specimens for the Indian Museum, as well as sending them to specialists in Europe. He also explored the region and wrote to various journals of ethnology and geographical exploration. WIth geologist Ferdinand Stoliczka, he explored a kitchen midden in the Andamans that they dated to the Neolithic period.

Cornelis Klaas "Kees" Bakker (26 October 1943 – 25 March 2020) was a Dutch football chairman and police officer. Bakker was born in Hilversum. He was Chief of Police of the region Gelderland-Midden from 1997 to 2003 and was previously part of the police force leadership in the region Rijnmond. In addition, Bakker was chairman of for ten years from 1999. Bakker has held various administrative positions at SBV Vitesse since 2003 as a member of the Supervisory Board and as a board member.

The old hearth was not covered, so it may have still been used. A new fireplace was also added, apparently of a domestic design, although the context makes that function improbable. A well-marked track led southwest down the slope from S1, and a large midden was close to the path. It has been suggested that a "clean" pit north of S1 was a well, with fresh water floating above the saltwater below, a phenomenon known from Blakeney Point and elsewhere on the Norfolk coast.

The Fauba Archaeological Site is a prehistoric stoneworks on a mountain ridge on Tol Island in Chuuk State of the Federated States of Micronesia. The site consists of an area enclosed by a stone wall that is roughly triangular in shape. The wall is between 1 and 1.5 meters in height, and is about 1 meter thick. The enclosed area includes a number of stone platforms, and there is a refuse midden outside the enclosure that is believed to be associated with the site.

Yukon Island is an island in outer Kachemak Bay, an inlet of the Cook Inlet of south central Alaska. The island is located about south of Homer. The island is archaeologically sensitive, with a number of sites documenting the prehistory of the bay. The Yukon Island Main Site, a National Historic Landmark, is a major shell midden site at which the pioneering archaeologist Frederica de Laguna was able to sequence 1500 years of the area's prehistory, and other sites have been found on the island since then.

One 18th-century historian of the county, Samuel Robinson, noted that "the greatest number of houses were of a homely character, thatched and one storey high". Each house, he continued, had a midden in front of it. Bishop Pococke in 1760 also noted the existence of thatched houses. By the end of the 19th century it was said that two houses in the town were hardly the same; some had gable ends, others had large fronts pierced by pigeon-hole windows, while still others had outside stairs.

At the southern end of Area B is the Temple of the Masks (Structure 9), another dramatic statement as to the nature of Blue Creek in the Early Classic period (Haines 1995). The earliest phase of the building (Str. 9-I) dates to the Late Preclassic and is built on top of Middle and Late Preclassic midden deposits. However, by the mid-Early Classic, architecture of the temple is typical of Petan temples, with a single room superstructure on top of a steeply inclined substructure.

Maasland (population: 6,844) is a town in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. It lies in the municipality (gemeente) of Midden- Delfland and covers an area of 24.42 km² (of which 0.64 km² water). The first signs of a community started back in 925 when the area became part of the county of Graaf Dirk II and a church was built. After severe floodings during the 12th century, the Maasdijk was rebuilt and the town centre relocated to its current site.

The Cliff face at Binnel Bay Archaeological findings from the landslide deposits at Binnel Bay have identified evidence of human activity in this area of the Undercliff dating back to the neolithic. These finds included a neolithic soil horizon dated to 2530BC, containing charcoal and the remains of red squirrel, red deer and marine molluscs. Later prehistoric evidence includes midden deposits of bronze age to iron age date. In 1977 a palaeolithic handaxe of Acheulean style was discovered on land immediately west of Binnel Bay.

The first kinds of deposition are located on the northwestern and western part of the island, and were typically three metres of domestic debris and shell midden. Surrounding the area that was once Fort Nassau, these depositions were determined in correlation with Fort Nassau activity, which was seen to be relatively unfluctuating. A rare deposition was found near the Castel at G18, the sole site excavated in the area. Depositions in this area were typically shallow and right on top of a limestone bedrock.

Lindisfarne has a large recreation park which includes playing fields—home to the Lindisfarne Blues competing in the Southern Tasmanian Football League now known as the SFL and the Lindisfarne Cricket Club competing in the Tasmanian Grade Cricket part of the Tasmanian Cricket Association, tennis courts—home to the Lindisfarne Tennis Club, Beltana RSL Bowls Club links and an ANZAC memorial park, all situated on a bluff overlooking the Derwent River and Mount Wellington. The memorial park is also the site of a large Tasmanian Aboriginal midden.

Specimens have been found in the Riversleigh fossil-bearing formations, at sites classified as middle Miocene (Faunal Zone C). The site of its discovery contains fossilised fragments of local fauna, which in analysis are consistent with a midden created the modern species. The species recorded at the former floor of the Gotham City site are a diverse assemblage of remains, and included animals that are only recorded at other sites, indicating they were captured some distance away and returned to what was its feeding roost.

Cesspools were cleaned out by tradesmen, known in English as gong farmers, who pumped out liquid waste, then shovelled out the solid waste and collected it during the night. This solid waste, euphemistically known as nightsoil, was sold as fertilizer for agricultural production (similarly to the closing-the-loop approach of ecological sanitation). The garderobe was replaced by the privy midden and pail closet in early industrial Europe. In the early 19th century, public officials and public hygiene experts studied and debated sanitation for several decades.

The single was played by Garrix as an ID at Home Festival in Treviso, Italy in early September, and was a part of his seven-track extended play Seven. He also performed at the Amsterdam Dance Event for the first time. On December 16, 2016, he released a remix of "Alone" by NERVO and Askery featuring Brielle Von Hugel, which was his first release on Spinnin' Records. A day later, he was a guest and performed at Midden In Je Weekend Show on SLAM!.

Zone A was a sub-mound soil complex of dark clay with much silt, where the original land surface was uneven and a natural levee on the north bank of the Coosawattee. Zone B was the initial mound-fill that was composed of a dark, almost black clay, with heavy organic content, charcoal, and some scattered midden inclusions. This zone varied in thickness from - and formed the core mound of the structure. Zone C was a small lamination of water-laid yellow- brown sand, ranging from - thick.

Renwick C, Pastorelli C, Muir L, Sheppard H, Denby J, Chalcroft G 2008 Cooks River Interpretation Strategy The part of Earlwood in which the Aboriginal Art site is located was bought at auction between 1835 and 1836 by Abraham B. Pollack. Polack acquired the eight grants totalling . By the 1880s the estate was being subdivided and the area subsequently became increasingly urbanised. Despite the disturbance of the environment there is abundant evidence of pre-contact Aboriginal occupation of the area including the rock art and midden site.

The recording also noted 2 foot stencils. The recorder noted that stencils at the south end of the shelter were covered by dust, and were therefore not fully recorded, and that potentially more stencils would be found in that area under the dust. The 1979 recording also noted that the shell midden was probably about 4 feet deep, was littered with rubbish, but generally undisturbed at that time. Observed shells included Anadara trapezia (Sydney Cockle), Pyrazus ebeninus (Hercules' Club Whelk) and Crassostrea commercialis (Sydney Rock Oyster).

Islesboro is an island community in Penobscot Bay, a deep indentation on the coast of Maine that bisects its coastline. On one of its east-facing coastlines stands a large shell midden that was surveyed by archaeologists from the Maine State Museum and partially excavated in 1980. The midden's surface exhibited a series of crater-like depressions, which were hypothesized before excavation to correspond to house pits. They were organized in two rows of three, running parallel to the coastline and varied in diameter between .

Molluscs have probably been used by primates as a food source long before humans evolved. The Asturian culture of the European Mesolithic, in modern north Spain, is one of many coastal archaeological cultures around the world characterized by the creation of very large shell-middens or waste-heaps. The extremely large Whaleback Shell Midden appears to have been created over a period of 1,000 years or more. Shell collecting, the precursor of conchology, probably goes back as far as there have been humans living near beaches.

Just west of the Fraser Arms is the approximate location of the Great Marpole Midden . The West 70th Avenue area is currently undergoing some revitalization, with the redevelopment of the Safeway grocery store, partnered with residential condo towers. Another large commercial district has been approved for Marpole, which will be in the eastern portion of the neighbourhood. The intersection of Marine Drive and Cambie Street was designated by the City of Vancouver as the "Marine Landing" precinct of the Cambie Corridor (Marine Landing Precinct).

The remains of the domestic buildings lie around 100 m east of the churches. These structures, along with the water mill, terraced garden and a possible midden indicate the presence of a substantial number of people at the settlement's peak. Around 700 m to the northeast of the churches, half way up the slope, lies a holy well dedicated to St. Colman, Tobar Cholmáin. It reportedly served as a cure for eye sores and is still visited by people for that purpose, as evidenced by votive offerings.

Indian Mound Park contains six oyster shell middens of varying sizes. The largest is approximately circular with a recessed bowl in the center of the mound. This midden measures 180 feet (55 m) by 165 feet (50 m) with a height of 3 feet (1 m) to 22 feet (7 m). In the book Stars Fell On Alabama, however, Carl Carmer states that the largest mound rose to a height of 50 feet (15 m) and was composed of layers measuring ten feet (3 m) thick.

Beveridge found the remains of midden material, small rounded pebbles, and the abundance of hammerstones (many of which were broken) at the site. He also found several examples of potsherd decorated with incised patterns and finger-impressed cordons. Beveridge considered that some of the finds had been subjected to fire; in his mind, similar to the foundations he described at Dùn an Achaidh. Two of the potsherds bear the incised figures of deer; and are currently kept in the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland.

According to Richard Hingley, potsherd decorated with figures of deer have been found in a number of archaeological sites in the Hebrides (on Bragar, Lewis; Kilpheder, South Uist; Galson, Lewis; and Dùn Morbhaidh). Hingley stated that this would seem to indicate an importance of hunting in some of the Iron Age communities in the Western Isles. The site was visited, in 1972, by the Ordnance Survey, which noted that the site was "probably a dun with outworks". No trace of any midden was found on the site.

Though it spends most of its life in trees, it descends to lay its eggs in moist soil. It consumes various kinds of lichens throughout its life, as well as twigs and small branches. Its shells have been discovered in midden heaps in the Dominican Republic, indicating that it was a food resource for indigenous peoples. Early European explorers to Hispaniola brought the shells back to Europe, and it has been depicted in scientific illustrations since 1684, making it first neotropical land snail that was scientifically illustrated.

The Ohlone people harvested shellfish including abalone from the waters around Point Lobos. Evidence has been found of seasonal camp sites on the San Jose Creek that indicate the natives inhabited the area for about 2,500 years. The village, named Ichxenta, was occupied until the end of the Carmel Mission era, when the native population was decimated by disease and forced assimilation. There are 19 midden sites within Point Lobos and five sites containing mortar holes used by the natives for grinding acorns and seeds.

The station is located on the Staatslijn D (Zutphen - Glanerbeek) and is located near the Streekziekenhuis Midden-Twente (Hospital) in the west of Hengelo. A station called Tuindorp-Nijverheid, which opened on 1 November 1865 as part of the Staatslijn D and closed in 1936, used to exist in the general area of the new station. The construction of the new station was planned to begin by April 2009, and to be completed by December 2009. The station finally opened on 9 December 2012.

The site, discovered on the farm of Elmer Donaldson, was first documented by a collector in 1947. Four significant excavations were conducted at the site, by Thomas Lee in the 1940s and again in the 1950s, by James V. Wright in 1960, and by William Finlayson in 1971. Wright and Anderson identified a hillside midden in 1960, which was excavated by Finlayson in 1971. Among the findings by Wright of the site were 13 skeletons, grave artefacts, pottery, and the outlines of two house structures.

Around 7,500 years BCE the first users of the rock shelter had worked antler and stone to make tools. As well as using local stone for their tools they had obtained distinctive stone from the island of Rùm, to the south, and Staffin on Skye, to the west, showing that they were able to cross open sea. Gradually a large pile of shells, mainly limpets, built up into a large midden. Abundant fragments of stone "pot-boilers" and bevel ended bone tools indicate that the shellfish were being cooked and the contents scooped out.

Kearney trained at Manchester Metropolitan Capitol School of Theatre and has appeared in several theatre productions throughout her acting career. Between 2001 and 2003 she starred in productions at the Capitol Theatre in Manchester including Love's Labour's Lost, The Cherry Orchard, The Provok'd Wife, The Taming of the Shrew, and Dancing at Lughnasa. In 2003, she appeared in Translations at the Library Theatre. She appeared in three plays in 2006, the first was Separate Tables at the Royal Exchange Theatre, and the others, The Mortal Ash, and Midden at the Oldham Coliseum Theatre.

Red squirrel swimming Juvenile American red squirrels must acquire a territory and midden prior to their first winter to survive. They can acquire a territory by competing for a vacant territory, creating a new territory or by receiving all or part of a territory from their mothers. This somewhat rare (15% of litters) female behavior is referred to as breeding dispersal or bequeathal, and is a form of maternal investment in offspring. The prevalence of this behavior is related to the abundance of food resources and the age of the mother.

Other eco-artists reflect on our human engagement with the natural world, and create ecologically informed artworks that focus on transformation or reclamation. Ecoart writer and theoretician Linda Weintraub coined the term, "cycle-logical" to describe the correlation between recycling and psychology. The 21st century notion of artists' mindful engagement with their materials harkens back to paleolithic midden piles of discarded pottery and metals from ancient civilizations. Weintraub cites the work of MacArthur Fellow Sarah Sze who recycles, reuses, and refurbishes detritus from the waste stream into elegant sprawling installations.

The site is located on the seacoast of Eastern Maine. Its principal feature is a midden consisting of a rich black organic layer about thick, overlaying a clay subsoil. Relatively small portions nearest the shore were reported to be slightly eroded in 1987, but much of the site is believed to be intact.Spiess, Arthur; Cox, Steven (1987); NRHP nomination for Gavin Watson Site; redacted version available from National Park Service by request The site was first test by archaeologists from the University of Maine at Orono in 1973, at some materials were found.

Human remains were discovered in 1941, and again in 1985. State and federal authorities were first notified of the site's existence in 1979, and the state Division of Historic Landmarks surveyed the site in 1986. At that time the site was determined to measure about by , consistent with known sizes for a typical palisaded native village. Among the features identified in this survey was the large midden; artifacts recovered during the survey include ceramic and stone fragments, as well as worked copper pendants, as well as plant and animal remains.

The Paleocene Soebi Blanco Formation is a 400-meter thick sequence of conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones at Seroe Largo in central Bonaire. It is similar to the Midden Curacao Formation in that it contains fragments of exotic rock not found in the area, such as quartzite, gneiss and schist. Uranium-lead dating gives an age of 1.15 billion years old on zircon fragments within a granulite pebble from the formation, suggesting that it is eroded material from much older rock in South America. In other cases, fragments of Cretaceous limestone are included as well.

There is only one other documented site of this community type in South Carolina located at Victoria Bluff, not far from Callawassie Island, which was destroyed in preparation for an industrial site (S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Heritage Trust Programs Records, Columbia, S. C.). This magnolia community appears to be a virgin or near-virgin forest: an area exhibiting this amount of maturity requires several hundreds of years to reach its climax. One possible explanation for its existence is that it is situated on an Indian shell midden.

"Caribs, Maroons, Jacobins, Brigands, and Sugar Barons: The Last Stand of the Black Caribs on St. Vincent" , African Diaspora Archaeology Network, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, March 2007, retrieved 26 April 2007 Greenstone ceremonial axe. From shell midden, Mt Irvine Bay, Tobago, 1957. Caribs traded with the Eastern Taíno of the Caribbean Islands. In its early days, Daguao village was slated to be the capital of Puerto Rico but the area was destroyed by Caribs from neighbor-island Vieques and by Taínos, from the eastern area of Puerto Rico.

The married quarters are located immediately adjacent to the single men's quarters and include huts, two communal kitchens (one later converted into accommodation), a garden area, cess pits, a midden, and general laundry buildings. Former structures are marked by concrete pads. At least five huts in this section may have been occupied by single patients and follow the same pattern as that seen in the other single patients sections. Generally, the hut pads in the married quarters differ from the single patient's hut pads by an extension of the pad for a personal kitchen.

The Devils Head Site, designated Site 97.10 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric and historic archaeological site in Calais, Maine. Located on the banks of the St. Croix River, it is a shell midden site with evidence of multiple periods of human habitation, from the Middle Ceramic Period (c. 200-600 CE) to the Late Contact Period (mid-18th century) and beyond. With its location near Saint Croix Island, the site of an early French settlement in 1604, the site's finds may provide insight into early French- Native relations in the area.

There is evidence for some post-built buildings and other settlement features such as hearths and floors. More recent work by the University of Sheffield in 2003 and 2004 has interpreted the humic deposit as being part of a group of large middens, analogous to similar sites at nearby Potterne or East Chisenbury. The nature of the settlement itself is still poorly understood and it is uncertain whether the middens represent waste materials from a farming economy of whether the midden pits were perhaps ritually created through group feasting activities.

Within the Royal National Park, field surveys have revealed many hundreds of Aboriginal rock shelters. In other locations (The Military Area near Holsworthy and Darkes Forrest) there are thousands of sites, camping areas and sacred places. These areas mentioned have not been affected greatly by European occupation and building and may give a clearer example for the quality of life and abundance of resources in Sutherland/Liverpool areas. Since 1966 when there was an archaeological dig in Cabbage Tree Basin archaeologists have uncovered parts of an extensive open-air midden or cooking and camp sites.

The site is located on Andrews Bayou. The mound itself is a very well preserved platform mound measuring in height and by at its base and a summit measuring square. Core samples taken during investigations at the site have revealed the mound was built in a single stage and because the fill types can still be differentiated it suggests the mound is relatively young. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal found in a midden under the mound reveals that the site was occupied from 996–1162 during the Coles Creek period.

View from the south of Rangitoto Island and Motutapu Island Geologically, Motutapu comprises Waipapa series greywackes, cherts and argillites, overlaid with Waitemata tertiary sediments, and blanketed in Rangitoto ash. The cultural landscape of archaeological sites includes pre-Rangitoto eruption archaic campsites and adse making sites, 13 pā, numerous open settlements, midden deposits, storage pits, and agricultural areas. There are 372 recorded sites and it is likely that many more subsurface deposits remain unrecorded. Some of the sites will have been damaged or destroyed by farming and military activity.

The Rowlandton Mound Site was inhabited from 1100 to 1350 CE. The Rowlandton Mound site occupied a site, and also a large platform mound and an associated village area, similar to the Wickliffe Mounds Site. It is probable that these civic sites were established originally by local Late Woodland peoples. The Tolu Site was inhabited by Kentucky natives from 1200–1450 CE. The Tolu site originally had three mounds: a burial mound, a substructure platform mound, and one other of undetermined function. It also had a central plaza, and a large, -deep midden area.

In 1983, naturalist Hamilton Mack Laing died, and left his house Shakesides and his undeveloped land along the shore of Comox Bay to the town on the condition that the land be left in its natural state. The result was the Mack Laing Nature Park, with a trail that runs from the last untouched section of the Great Comox Midden up through of second-growth forest. In 1991, the local economy was given a boost when 414 Squadron was assigned to CFB Comox. Retirees from other walks of life also began to move to Comox.

To the west and to the southwest of this complex are two large areas with the foundation stones for numerous warehouses, which were used for storing taxation grains. In between these two areas was a valley used as a midden in the Nara and Heian periods. A large number of relics such as wooden tags, wooden products, and pottery were excavated. To the south of the southern warehouse area are the ruins of large- scale pit dwellings and square-walled standing pillar buildings, the largest of which has side 10 meters in length.

Snaketown was first excavated in 1934 by the Gila Pueblo Foundation, under the direction of Harold S. Gladwin. Between 1964-1965, a second excavation was led by Emil Haury, assistant director of Gila Pueblo, with assistance from E.B. Sayles, Erik K. Reed, and Irwin and Julian Hayden. The two expeditions discovered that the site contained more than sixty midden mounds. A central plaza and two oval shaped fields were surrounded by pit houses, and an elaborate irrigation system fed the nearby fields in which beans, maize and squash were grown.

Dromedary sat at the same spot for several decades with the result that where she lay became a midden. In 1982 the Bermudian government gave permission for divers to conduct an underwater archaeological dig at the Dromedary anchorage site. The dig recovered a large collection of 19th-century material directly associated with convict life on the hulks. The archaeologists recovered thousands of artifacts: whale oil lamps, pewter mugs, engraved spoons, clay pipes, bottles, buttons, seals, coins, trinkets, charms, rings, beads, gaming pieces, religious items, knife handles and gaming boards.

Native food gatherers used the low tide mudflats as a source for clams, and a midden on the north side indicates that a large dwelling once stood there. In the Squamish language, the name is Ch'ekxwa'7lech, meaning "gets dry at times". Settlers also built cabins around the lake, which were all removed between 1913 and 1916 during construction of the causeway. The lake was created in 1916 by the construction of the Stanley Park causeway; until then, Lost Lagoon was a shallow part of Coal Harbour, which itself is an extension of Burrard Inlet.

KOD-171 is a prehistoric and historic archaeological site in the vicinity of Larsen Bay, a city on the north side of Kodiak Island in southern Alaska. The site was discovered by Smithsonian Institution archaeologist Aleš Hrdlička and described in 1944 as containing both historical Russian artifacts as well as prehistoric Kachemak Bay tradition artifacts. A 1978 survey team reported the site to include 22 house pits and an eroding shell midden. The site, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, is subject to erosion and vandalism by pot hunters.

Specimens at the Vienna Museum of Natural History; thousands of kakapo were collected for museums across the world The first factor in the decline of the kakapo was the arrival of humans. Māori folklore suggests that the kakapo was found throughout the country when the Polynesians first arrived in Aotearoa 700 years ago. Subfossil and midden deposits show that the bird was present throughout the North and South Island before and during early Māori times. Māori hunted the kakapo for food and for their skins and feathers, which were made into cloaks.

The Kukak Village Site is a prehistoric and historic archaeological site, located on the shore of Kukak Bay, on the south coast of the Alaska Peninsula in Katmai National Park and Preserve. The area was documented to be occupied in the early 20th century, and was abandoned after the 1912 volcanic eruption of Novarupta. The Kukak Bay area is also of prehistoric significance, with researchers identifying 89 depressions as likely sites of subterranean houses (similar to barabaras), and a refuse midden. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

It was ceremonially open on 2 April 1927. During winters, in order to prevent the frost damage, the entire fountain was covered with hay, earth and grass on top. It was a constant source of making fun of the city government, which was being accused by the journalists for creating a midden in downtown instead of progressing to the future. The fountain itself though, was considered a beauty: it was made of greenish granite, had sprinklers of different intensity while the bed of the pond was made from Murano glass.

A proper survey was not done until 1986-1988. The midden was found to date from the early to the middle Jōmon period, and the village remains from the second half of the middle Jōmon period. The settlement was to the east and west of a central plaza, which was a circular depression, and the entire settlement was protected by an earthen embankment. This was the first discovery of a Jōmon settlement with such extensive civil engineering works, and indicate that the village was built along a planned design.

Ullapool, founded as a fishing village in 1789. There are traces of Mesolithic occupation at several sites in Wester Ross, including at Redpoint and Shieldaig. Excavations of a Mesolithic rock shelter and shell midden at Sand on the Applecross peninsula revealed a variety of tools made from bone, stone and antler, together with waste from tool manufacture and food processing.History Scotland Magazine: First Settlers The Mesolithic people were largely nomadic, and permanent settlements were first built during the Neolithic era, when trees were felled to create land for farming.

The midden, which has a thickness of between 0.6 and 1.2 meters, was first excavated between 1924-1925 and again in 1961, and many artifacts were recovered, including clay dogū, 220 stone tools, deer antler bones, and large quantities of pottery shards. The remains of two adult humans and one child and one dog were also found. The site, which is located on private property, was backfilled after excavation and there is now nothing at site but an explanatory plaque. The site is located approximately seven minutes on foot from the JR East Shimofunato Station.

Construction plan for C-34 Impoundment. Construction plans called for completion of a perimeter dike around the subject section of islands, with the dike carried inside of a shell midden to avoid flooding tropical vegetation found there. A pump house allowed flooding of the impoundment during the summer rainy season when mosquito breeding is most intense. Flapper valve gates at the north and south ends of the impoundment were installed to allow closure during flooding and opening during the dry season to allow water exchange with the lagoon.

The recording also noted that a former neighbour had collected about 20 stone flakes from the site (prior to NPWS legislation protecting Aboriginal relics). The most recent formal investigation of the site was conducted for the purposes of a 2005 Archaeological Assessment.McDonald, 2005 The Assessment noted that the site's condition "appears similar to that observed on previous visits - although the midden deposit may be more disturbed than previously noted". In addition to the shell species previously observed, the Assessment also noted the presence of Trichomya hirsuta (Hairy Mussel).

Though it has been disturbed, the depth of the midden deposit is uncertain, and is likely to have archaeological potential. An Archaeological Assessment of the siteMcDonald, 2005: 5, 15has indicated that archaeological potential is restricted to the area identified as the curtilage for the site. Though shell fragments have been observed mid-slope and at the street frontage of the property, these have been stray finds likely resulting from erosion and other disturbance. The 1979 recording of the site noted that a former neighbour had once collected stone tool fragments from the site.

It has been excavated four times by Nanzan University, during which examples of Sue ware earthenware, stoneware, animal bone and horn implements, clay figurines and other objects dating from around 7000 years ago were discovered. The thickness of the shell layer is about 40 cm at the thin part and about 110 cm at the thick part of the midden. The composition of the shell mound is about 75% mussels and about 15% oysters. These shellfish are found in tidal flats, which must have existed in close proximity to the settlement trace.

Prior to 1786, the Ramaytush band of the Ohlone people had a settlement on the site, the village of Pruristac. Evidence of the village remains by a shell midden, located near the present day park ranger building. The Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portolà camped nearby in 1769, ~ to the west from 31 October through 3 November, during the Portolà expedition in upper Las Californias Province of New Spain. Journals from the expedition record of his group's meetings with the villagers, but give no indication that they visited the village.

On November 18, John Doolin accompanied Paulk and Chester DePratter to excavate a 1 by 2 meter deep trench between the back wall and the front entrance of the shelter. On November 20, Wood and DePratter returned to excavate a midden in the trench. On November 21, Wood and DePratter brought Paulk and Doolin to extend the trench 1 meter north, making it a 1 by 3 meter trench. On November 22, all four returned to do a detailed excavation of the eastern part of the trench with photographs, drawings, and backfill.

Prior to European settlement, the area had for thousands of years been the home to Native American tribes like the extinct Timucua. They left behind a rich archaeological history in the form of large middens of freshwater shellfish, which they deposited along the banks of the St. Johns River and Lake George. The Bluffton Mound and Midden at the Bluffton Recreation Area in Lake George State Forest is one such example. Lake George State Forest is formed from lands previously resourced for timber, production of naval stores, cattle grazing, and hunting.

The south-western promontory of Dun Mingulay has the remains of an Iron Age fort and there is a pre-historic site at Crois an t-Suidheachain near the western landing place at Aneir at the southern end of Mingulay Bay, which may have been a stone circle. In 1971 a 2,000-year-old Iron Age midden was found resting on sand near the 'Village' overlooking the Bay. A stone 'pebble hammer' was discovered nearby in 1975, but it has not been possible to date the find. Skipisdale may also contain Iron Age remains.

Plot map of planned Point Lobos City, September 1890 The Ohlone people harvested shellfish including abalone from the waters around Point Lobos. Evidence has been found of a long-term village named Ichxenta, in a meadow near San Jose Creek adjacent to Point Lobos, that indicates the natives inhabited the area for about 2,500 years. The village meadow is currently known as the Polo Field. There are 19 midden sites within Point Lobos and five sites containing mortar holes used by the natives for grinding acorns and seeds.

GDSE geological sites As a consequence amethyst stones, which give the place its name, can be found on the pebbly beach. This stretch of the coast is renowned for its shipwrecks, with the ship, Fiji wrecked just off the head in 1891Visit Victoria and the Marie Gabrielle wrecked on 25 November 1869.Only Melbourne An Aboriginal shell midden was excavated in a rock shelter at Moonlight Head and was found to have been occupied between 1030 BP and 180 BP when excavated by archaeologist David Frankel.La Trobe University Staff profilesFrankel, David. 1991.

Edisto Beach State Park is located on the coast of South Carolina, 50 miles south of Charleston, near the town of Edisto Beach in Colleton County. The park offers South Carolina's longest system of handicapped accessible hiking and biking trails. The trails wind through Edisto Island's maritime forest, leading to sites such as a Native American shell midden dated to 2000 BC, and a survey monument placed by Alexander Bache in 1850. Activities possible at the park include surf fishing for flounder, spot tail and whiting, as well as boating, birding and picnicking.

Shellfish exemplify the resources targeted by the CPF model – those with a heavy, bulky, low utility component (e.g. shell) surrounding a smaller, lighter high utility component (e.g. meat). If foragers differentially field process and transport shellfish prey items, analyses of midden composition may incorrectly estimate the importance of some species and their relative contribution to prehistoric diets. Using foraging data from the Meriam of Australia, Bird and Bliege Bird (1997) compare observed shellfish field acquisition to shell deposition at residential sites, and test the hypotheses of the CPF model.

Pozorski and Pozorski 2008 The purpose for the centre is unclear. The lack of substantial midden deposits in recognized dump areas, designated burial areas or cemeteries, and thick wall construction consisting of stone quarried in local hills, suggests that it was not a residential or domestic complex.Moseley 1975; Quilter 1991; Stanish 2001 Evidence instead promotes the contention that El Paraíso was either an economic or religious centre, and possibly both. As well, it may also have been a centralized hub for control and development of cotton rather than food production.

Seeing it, Kondo suggested him to work with Kenneth Emory, a renowned Polynesian archaeologist. Unfortunately, Emory refused on working with Kirch, so Kondo took him under his wing so that Kirch could spend the whole summer conducting archaeological digs of his own. A year later, securing the permission of a landowner and some help from his father, Kirch had dug out a three-by-three-foot test pit at Hālawa on Molokai. In the midden of the pit, he found bone and shell fragments, which he carefully assembled, counted and write up results on.

Cueva Clava Cave, type locality of Geotrygon larva The Puerto Rican quail-dove (Geotrygon larva) is an extinct species of dove from the genus of quail-doves Geotrygon. It is only known by subfossil material from the Holocene. Remains of the Puerto Rican quail-dove were unearthed in the caves Cueva Clara and Cueva Catedral near Morovis, in the cave Cueva Toraño at Utuado and in a kitchen midden near Mayagüez on Puerto Rico. The holotype, a tarsometatarsus, was discovered in July 1916 by zoologist Harold Elmer Anthony in the cave Cueva Clara.

This spring was located in a large sandstone overhang, and water collected into a natural dish in the sandstone floor of the shelter. In the early 20th century, an old Pyrmont resident recalled that "through the mosses and ferns" of the overhang "trickled musically a small stream of pure, cold water". Other Pyrmont residents recalled evidence of the Aboriginal use of Tinker's Well, describing "numerous mussel shells" and other shellfish that were still visible near the spring in the early 20th century. These were almost certainly signs of an Aboriginal campsite, or midden.

The high value accorded the Macquarie Lightstation is also demonstrated by its numerous listings in all heritage registers indicating wide agreement that the site is of exceptional national significance. Public tours of the lighthouse have been conducted regularly and there is an identified need to increase public access to and interpretation of the site. The Macquarie Lightstation is of Aboriginal cultural significance. Despite having no site-specific archaeological potential, the shell midden material used in the production of mortar for the Greenway compound wall has significance as objects in themselves.

Bats have been hunted by Aboriginal Australians for thousands of years, extending into modern times. Popular game species are the black flying fox and the little red flying fox. In 1997, it was estimated that the Aboriginal people of the Top End consumed 180,000 flying foxes each year. While it has been suggested that the Taíno people of Puerto Rico consumed bat meat in pre-Columbian times, no bat bones have been documented in their midden heaps, making it unlikely that bat meat was a substantial dietary component.

A winter diesel-hauled train arriving at Wells. The current line starts at Wells station, on the A149 coast road just south of the town. After leaving the station trains begin to climb the 1 in 80 gradient to Warham, passing the remains of the Leicester Lime Works and The Midden Halt, a small request stop station serving a camp site, before passing under a road bridge carrying the Wells to Walsingham road. At Warham the line starts to descend, and passes over a level crossing before reaching the request stop at Warham station.

Moran, Geoffrey (September 1979); NRHP nomination for Greenwich Cove Site (redacted version available by request from the National Park Service) Test holes were dug into the shell midden, which was determined by be in size. Finds from this area included tempered pottery fragments, stone toolmaking chips, and a few fragments of bone. A nearby test hole also found evidence of fire-hardened stone, and organic remains. At the lowest level of that hole evidence of a hearth was uncovered, along with bone tools and stone fragments suitable for toolmaking.

From about 3,000 years ago to Contact the number of occupied sites appears to have increased dramatically. This may reflect a "real" increase in the number of sites (and hence people) in the region, or may reflect preservation factors (particularly associated with shell midden deposits) where older sites have been destroyed by thousands of years of erosion, and accelerated by development in the post- Contact period. Over the 20,000 years of Aboriginal occupation in the region, and in particular the last 5,000 to 8,000 years, numerous changes in excavated stone tool assemblages have been observed.

Brian Stewart received a Bachelors of Arts in Anthropology in 2000 from the University of Vermont. He went on to receive his M.St. with high distinction in 2001 and his Ph.D in 2008 from the University of Oxford. He completed his dissertation under the mentorship of Dr. Peter Mitchell, focused on a spatial analysis of the Late Stone Age campsite of Dunefield Midden in South Africa. After receiving his doctorate, Stewart was a Junior Research Fellow (2008-2012) and Postdoctoral Research Fellow (2010-2012) at the University of Cambridge.

The Von Mach Site is an archaeological site in Brooksville, Maine. Located on the south bank of the Bagaduce River opposite Castine, the principal feature of the site is a large shell midden, yielding evidence of a long period of human habitation. When excavated by pioneering Maine archaeologist Warren K. Moorehead in the 1920s, he described one of the ceramic finds at this site among the most finely decorated he had found anywhere on the New England coast. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

In Dutch, the word Amerika mostly refers to the United States.geheugenvannederland.nl Although the United States is equally often referred to as de Verenigde Staten ("the United States") or de VS ("the US"), Amerika relatively rarely refers to the Americas, but it is the only commonly used Dutch word for the Americas. This often leads to ambiguity; and to stress that something concerns the Americas as a whole, Dutch uses a combination, namely Noord- en Zuid-Amerika (North and South America). Latin America is generally referred to as Latijns Amerika or Midden- Amerika for Central America.

This includes the majority of the estimated area contained within a wooden palisade, as well as an undefined area of additional occupation to the west. The Pope County portion is privately owned. When the University of Chicago excavated Kincaid in the 1930s and 1940s, nine mounds were identified on the site's Massac County portion. In 2003, a tenth mound was identified; a small mound that was later covered with a midden, it lies along the road almost straddling the county line on the southeastern corner of the town plaza.

Midden heaps in the soil and partial scorch marks on the support structures suggest that at least some buildings were lifted quite high off the ground. Keller-Tarnuzzer noted that there was the close relationship of the ceramics with the Michelsberg culture of southern Germany, and believed that the Pfyn finds were a Michelsberg settlement. Around 1960 research determined that the Pfyn ceramics were represented an autonomous culture that was related to the Michelsberg culture. Since that time, the Pfyn-Breitenloo site has been regarded as the center of the Pfyn culture.

Other preventative methods included not washing diapers after sunset and never turning their head away from the baby as it slept. Still, even if a child was taken by the Mamuna, there was a way to have her return the baby. The mother would take the changeling child to a midden, whip it with a birch stick, and pour water from an eggshell over it, all while shouting "Take yours; give mine back." Typically, the Mamuna would feel sorry for its own child and would return the human baby to its mother.

Some of the coprolites showed evidence of constipation, others showed evidence of diarrhea. Sears interpreted the materials in the midden layer as having been thrown into the pond during a "housecleaning" of Mound A, with the coprolites coming from the lime pits where similar coprolites were excavated.Sears:167 Despite the large number of carved beast and bird effigies in the same naturalistic style of Calusa wood carving, he stated he did not see in carving style or function any real resemblance to similar figures found at the Key Marco Calusa sites.

The only place in the area high enough to remain above the flood waters was a section of old natural levee. Part of this levee, named Midden B, was also used as a living site during Period I. While the mounds at Fort Center were mostly used as house platforms, some mounds and other earthworks served other purposes. The site may have been inhabited because it provided easy access to food sources in the stream.Sears:130, 185, 191 Thompson and Pluckhahn conclude that the mortuary mound and pond complex was built much earlier.

The animal lives mostly in the Upper and Lower Sonoran life zones, occurring from pinyon-juniper woodland in higher country to desert habitats at lower elevations. As with other species of woodrats, the white-throated woodrat constructs middens of a variety of materials such as sticks, cactus parts, and miscellaneous debris. An above- ground chamber within the midden contains a nest lined with grasses and kept free of feces. In non-rocky areas, the den usually is several feet in diameter and most commonly built around the base of a shrub that gives additional cover.

Chrome Island is the site of a light station in the Salish Sea/Georgia Strait on the coast of Vancouver Island in an area known as Baynes Sound. Chrome Island is located off the southeast tip of Denman Island and east-northeast of the harbour at Deep Bay, British Columbia. The Island was known as Yellow Rock until 1940, when the name changed to prevent confusion with a similarly named island. Archaeological studies have explored evidence of pre-contact human use including petroglyphs, human bones and a midden of discarded shells.

The complex contains burial mounds, temple/platform mounds, a plaza area, and a midden. The earliest burials at the site are believed to be located in the conical mound and date back to about 250 BC. Many of the people buried in this mound had copper tools and ornaments buried with them. The copper artifacts came from the Ohio River area through a trade network developed by the Hopewell culture that existed at the time. There seemed to be indirect trading between the people who lived here and the Hopewell culture.

Since the historic value of Bass Point has been recognised, there have been archaeological investigations of the area that have revealed significant information about its pre-contact history. Of the 12 shell midden sites identified on Bass Point, Dr Sandra Bowdler investigated six sites in 1970 as the basis for her thesis. Further analysis of the remaining six sites was undertaken by Dr PJ Hughes in 1974. Middens of the NSW South Coast, including those at Bass Point, contain indicative remains of the food sources of the Aboriginal people.

The site of Al-Ashoosh covers some 1.3 hectares and comprises a fenced area of low dunes surrounding a large tell, or mound, 1.5–2m in height. The site is divided into two distinct parts, dubbed areas A and B. Area A, the main area, covers some 350m² and represents a single-phase rubbish midden located on a natural sand dune. It has yielded a large amount of material including faunal remains, lithics, charcoal and a small quantity of pottery. There is no evidence of any structure at the site.

As at 30 January 2013, Boilers Point has been extensively impacted upon by activities associated with the military, including the installation of an Electric Beach Searchlight, an engine room and WWII defensive trenches. Numerous 4WD roads and walking tracks criss-cross the Point. Use of these features has to some extent been limited by the installation of access blocks and a formed formal walking track. Aboriginal midden deposits that were exposed in these features are now being covered over by regenerating grass and heath or have been partially covered by the formal walking track.

On behalf of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, archaeologists investigated a midden at Sand Ridge in 1884. They were able to add a wide range of artifacts to the museum's collection, including a wide range of stone tools, bird and deer bones, and projectile points. In more recent years, Clough Creek has also attracted attention for the artifacts visible on its surface, including scrapers, blanks, and projectile points. According to archaeological estimates, some artifacts at the site may be buried as much as below the surface.

In 1995 evidence of large-scale Mesolithic nut shelling, some 8,000 years ago, was found in a midden pit at Staosnaig on the island's sheltered east coast, in a large, shallow pit full of the remains of hundreds of thousands of burned hazelnut shells. Hazelnuts have been found on other Mesolithic sites, but rarely in such quantities or concentrated in one pit. The nuts were radiocarbon dated to , which calibrates to . Similar sites in Britain and its dependencies are known only at Farnham in Surrey and Cass ny Hawin on the Isle of Man.

In the late 1950s, Reichel and his family moved to the coastal city of Cartagena. Reichel taught classes in medical anthropology at the university there and engaged in programs of public health with an anthropological perspective. Actively involved in archeological excavations in the Caribbean region around Cartagena, in 1954, the Reichel-Dolmatoffs located and also excavated, amongst others, the Barlovento site, which was the first early Formative shell-midden site found in Colombia. At Momil, they conducted the first study of societies engaged in a subsistence change from shifting cultivation (manioc) to corn agriculturalists.

Radiocarbon dating of a fire area near Arlington Canyon on the northwest coast of Santa Rosa Island shows human habitation from at least 37,000 years BP, while a burned mammoth bone was dated at 30,000 years BP. Similar fire areas in the same vicinity were dated at 27,000 years BP and 17,000 years BP, also believed to have been made by man. Additionally, a burned dwarf mammoth in a shell midden was dated to 12,500 years BP. A fire pit in a midden-humus layer was dated at 11,900 years BP, while above this layer was a stone chopper with a butchered and burned mammoth dated 11,800 years BP. Several more fire areas were dated at 11,000 years BP, while human bones, Arlington Springs Man, are dated to 10,000 years BP. A circular fishhook was dated at 4,800 years BP. Huge shell mounds appear at 2,000 years BP, while a camp fire in Skull Gulch was dated at 330 years BP. Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo first observed the islands in 1542. The three northern channel islands were inhabited by an estimated two to three thousand Chumash, with eleven villages on Santa Cruz, eight on Santa Rosa, and two on San Miguel.Channel Islands. (2016).

The tryworks site comprises remnants of the brick footings and hearth once used to boil down whale blubber, a number of timber artefacts and three ships tanks. The tryworks were built on top of an Aboriginal midden from which an archaeological investigation revealed the remains of a dingo. The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. Davidson Whaling Station is the longest operating whaling station in Australia, the last of its type to close down and one of few shore-based whaling station with in situ remains.

Best Restaurants of Australia Official Website Originally, Berowra Waters Inn was a guest house dating to the 1930s CE. In 1975, the Inn was purchased by Tony and Gay Bilson. The Edwardian style teahouse had major engineering flaws however and a decision was made to close and redesign the venue. Between 1976 and 1983, the architect Glenn Murcutt redesigned the property using a "distinctive Australian vernacular style: corrugated tin roof over glass louvre windows, on a Sydney sandstone base, set among eucalypts and angophoras". During excavating work for the rebuild, Indigenous Australian (Aboriginal) midden remains on the property boundary were discovered.

Richat Structure, Mauritania The Richat Structure in Mauritania has also been proposed as the site of Atlantis. This structure is generally considered to be a deeply eroded domal structure that overlies a still-buried alkaline igneous intrusion. From 1974 onward, prehistoric artifacts of the area were mapped, finding an absence of prehistoric artifacts or Paleolithic or Neolithic stone tools from the structure's innermost depressions. Neither recognizable midden deposits nor manmade structures were found nor reported in the area, thus concluding that the area was used only for short-term hunting and stone tool manufacturing during prehistoric times.

Map showing the location of the Dongsam-dong Shell Midden site and other Jeulmun period archaeological sites in South Korea. A variety of artifacts, including three types of pottery (patternless, comb-patterned, and appliqué patterned), and tools made of bone and stone were uncovered. Artifacts and features from Dongsam-dong provide insight into the way the people of the area lived as well as into the cultural trends of the times. The excavated remains have also proved to be valuable for estimating both the influences of Siberian culture on Korea and prehistoric exchange between southern Korea and Kyushu, Japan.

Douglas squirrels mostly eat seeds of coniferous trees such as Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and shore pine (Pinus contorta). They also eat acorns, berries, mushrooms, the eggs of birds such as yellow warblers, and some fruit including strawberries and plums. Douglas squirrels are larder hoarders, storing their food in a single location or 'larder' called a midden. As the squirrel peels the scales off cones to get at the seeds, the discarded scales accumulate into piles that can grow to several meters across as the same site is used by generations of squirrels.

The Emeryville Shellmound, in Emeryville, California, is a sacred burial site of the Ohlone people, a once-massive archaeological shell midden deposit (dark, highly organic soil, temple and burial ground containing a high concentration of human food waste remains, including shellfish). It was one of a complex of five or six mounds along the mouth of the perennial Temescal Creek, on the east shore of San Francisco Bay between Oakland and Berkeley. It was the largest of the over 425 shellmounds that surrounded San Francisco Bay. The site of the Shellmound is now a California Historical Landmark (#335).

Bead Hill is an archaeological site of an intact 17th century Seneca village and was designated a National Historic Site in 1991.Bead Hill, Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of CanadaBead Hill, Toronto National Historic Sites Urban Walks - Parks Canada The site includes the remains of an Archaic campsite, dating about 3,000 years old. Minimal excavations have been carried out, and the site includes a naturally protected midden, which is thought to contain a wealth of material. Because of its sensitive archaeological nature, it is not open to the public nor readily identified in the park.

The Palugvik site is located on the rocky shore of Hawkins Island, just west of the city of Cordova. The major feature of the site is a shell midden, and was at a somewhat higher elevation at the time of its human occupation. Since that time, the site has subsided, and was recorded in the 1960s as being about below the mean high tide level for the area. The first major archaeological survey of Prince William Sound was conducted in the 1930s by pioneering archaeologist Frederica de Laguna, at which time she led a major excavation at Palugvik.

The Main Site on the island was discovered in 1924, at which time ancient female human remains were discovered in an eroding shell midden. The site was investigated in depth by Frederica de Laguna in the 1930s, as a result of which she was able to construct a 1500-year chronology of use. Her work laid the foundation for later research in the region, which has largely confirmed her initial timeline. This site has been a regular subject of archaeological research; it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.

The Winter Cove day use area is the most visited park area on Saturna Island. It surrounds a cove with a sheltered moorage area and a dinghy dock. On land the day use area includes a picnic area and a trail through a variety of landscapes such as forested uplands, open meadows, salt marshes, shell midden, and sandstone beaches, to a viewpoint at Boat Pass. The Narvaez Bay park area includes several connected hiking trails, along the coastline and through the forest to the Monarch Head viewpoint which overlooks Boundary Pass and the American San Juan Islands.

These hunter- gatherers have stockpiled their leftover mollusk shells in numerous sites in Gattaran and Lal-lo, until eventually, the shells formed into the largest stock of shell-midden sites in the entire Philippines. From available evidences, the Atta or Negrito - a short dark-skinned nomad - was the first man in Cagayan. They were later moved to the uplands by the Malays who eventually became the Ibanags, Itawes, Yogads, Gaddangs, Irayas and Malawegs - the natives of Cagayan - who actually came from one ethnicity. These are the people found by the Spaniards in the different villages along the rivers all over Cagayan.

Melton, Nigel D. "West Voe: A Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition Site in Shetland" in Noble et al (2008) pp. 23, 33Melton, N. D. & Nicholson R. A. (March 2004) "The Mesolithic in the Northern Isles: the preliminary evaluation of an oyster midden at West Voe, Sumburgh, Shetland, U.K." Antiquity 78 No 299. Overview of the distribution of "brochs", showing those in the Shetland isles The same site provides dates for early Neolithic activity, and finds at Scourd of Brouster in Walls have been dated to 3400 BC. "Shetland knives" are stone tools that date from this period made from felsite from Northmavine.

Remnant above ground and sub-surface fabric may have state significance for their potential to yield further information as a source of physical evidence to interpret the range of operations of a large defence seaplane base during WWII. The scale of the surviving evidence makes it an important benchmark for such sites. The site also contains two Aboriginal Artifact Scatter sites and a midden area that has potential to yield further cultural information about the Awabakal Peoples of the area. The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

In these he strongly criticised Boshoff's policies with regard to land speculation. Groenendaal, though not a very powerful figure, still had allies in the Volksraad, which appointed him member of a commission to oversee the state budget for 1858, much to the dismay of President Boshoff. In November 1858, Groenendaal was re- elected to the Volksraad for the constituency of Midden-Rietrivier en Grootrivier in Sannah's Poort Fauresmith. This time, he found himself on the side of Boshoff, and up against a majority of the Volksraad, in the debate about unification of the Orange Free State with the South African Republic.

The major feature of the site is its large midden, a mound about long, wide, and deep. Excavations at the site have yielded more than 4,000 artifacts, including a wide variety of projectile points, made from ivory, bone, and stone. The site has also yielded one of the oldest radiocarbon dates in the Aleutian Islands, documenting human activity there as early as 1,800 BCE. Human remains identified as Paleo-Aleut in age have been recovered from the site, as have stone lamps, stone knives of a type similar to those found at Dorset culture sites, and carved ivory deity images.

The site was first identified as of archaeological interest in 1909, and its first major excavation took place in 1938 under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution's Aleš Hrdlička. It has since been a regular subject of study. One of the most important excavations took place in 1962 under the leadership of William S. Laughlin, in which two wide trenches were dug, and the stratigraphy of the midden carefully documented. The Chaluka site is unique because it supported a continuous population for nearly 3500 years and reveals a very precise food sourcing system that sustains the fostering of faunal life.

Patterned pottery found in the midden of Dùn Beic. In 1903, Beveridge excavated the centre of one of the buildings he claimed to have been located at the summit. He found several round or oval stones which measured on average about an inch in length; and noted that such finds were commonly found on the duns of Coll and Tiree. Along the southwest edge of the dun, upon the top of the cliff, Beveridge found more of the same pebbles, as well as many fragments of hammerstones and pottery (some of which he described as "well patterned").

These findings confirm a presence of Native Americans during the Colington Phase. The site had been regarded as a very important shell midden site in the state of North Carolina for decades. It has been used for research and investigation several times, including in 2005, when archaeologists from the Office of State Archaeology found remains that were uncovered by erosion at the bluff area of the site.James, Jr., Stephen R. and Andrew D. W. Lydecker, Phase I Terrestrial and Underwater Archaeological Background Study, Mid-Currituck Bridge Study, Currituck and Dare Counties, North Carolina, 2009, Panamerican Consultants, Inc.

Milner completed her BA in Archaeology in 1995 at the University of Nottingham, followed by a PhD at the University of Cambridge, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council. Her doctoral research developed a method for analysing seasonality from the shell of the European oyster, and applied this method to Danish shell midden sites. Following her PhD she was awarded a Sir James Knott postdoctoral fellowship at Newcastle University in 1999, and was employed as a lecturer at the same institution in 2001. She moved to York in 2004 and was promoted to Senior Lecturer in 2009, and Professor in 2012.

1:5 Pohi monument: replica of the Phohi (Philips Broadcasting Holland Indonesia) transmitters used in Huizen(nl) between 1920 and 1940; Location: Rotonde Blaricummerstraat - Randweg Midden, Huizen The Huizen transmitter was one of the first large-scale radio transmitting stations to be built in the Netherlands. It was opened in 1923 as an experimental 500-watt transmitter, and its power was increased to 5000 watts in 1926. The original Huizen transmitter towers were well-known local landmarks, frequently depicted on postcards. In 1935, however, they were demolished following the erection of a mast radiator near Hilversum.

Big Mound City is the site of one of four recognized monumental Native American earthworks built in the Lake Okeechobee Basin area of southeastern Florida. Dating from the Glade III Glade Period (circa 1000 AD), it is a combination of at least nine mound structures and a ridge complex, including radiating causeways and crescent-shaped man-made ponds. Some of the mounds have been identified as burial mounds. Except for a brief study by M.W. Stirling, who studied the complex in the 1930s while excavating the burial mound and midden at the Belle Glade site, Big Mound City has never been excavated.

In present time it is navigable for pleasure craft. On the east side of the canal are the Duifpolder and Broekpolder, on the west side is the Zouteveense Polder, formerly the municipality of Zouteveen, now a neighbourhood of the municipality Midden-Delfland formed in 2004, through the merger of the former municipalities Maasland and Schipluiden, with its local administration in Schipluiden at the north end of the canal. In the municipality of Vlaardingen the Vlaardingse Vaart Bridge, connects its northern town part Vlaardingen-Holy with the Broekpolder recreational area. Vlaardingervaart The length is approximately 8 kilometers.

The Vlaardingervaart or Vlaardingse Vaart is a canal in the municipality of Midden-Delfland in the Dutch province of South Holland, between the Gaag in Schipluiden and Vlaardingen, where through the Oude Haven the water is connected to the Nieuwe Maas. Noordvliet It is an old drainage canal (from before 1250) and also an old inland shipping route, created by connecting parts of different creeks through dug canals. The Vlaardingervaart already appears on early maps and is already mentioned in late medieval documents. Later it became a canal for horse-towed boats, connecting Vlaardingen with Schipluiden, Den Hoorn and Delft.

He declared it to be "important to science", and urged that it be made a "national reservation." William H. Sears conducted the first excavation by a professional archaeologist in 1955. He noted structural features similar to those found at Key Marco and Chokoloskee Island, and concluded that the region was an "important prehistoric population center." Sears found muck with midden materials between the mounds and on the lower slopes of the mounds, but the bulk of the mounds were clean shell deposits, almost entirely made up of small oyster shells, which had been placed on submerged mud flats.

A large number of artifacts found in the midden at the Foley Site are animal-related, including bones of birds and a wide range of animals, as well as shells of box turtles. Also present are metal and clay objects such as beads and combs, but perhaps the most significant discovery at the site was that of European-produced objects made of brass and glass. The presence of these objects enabled archaeologists to determine that the village site was occupied during the Historic Monongahela period. Like the Foley Site, many Monongahela villages are located in river bottoms.

They are thought to have been storage containers for small foods until they were no longer useful and were repurposed as rubbish pits. Some of the smaller pits could have shared a similar function as the features in group 1, like hearths or fire pits because they were deeper and involved more midden waste indicating heat-related functions. Group 4 consisted of more a miscellaneous array of artifacts, including 'pot busts', which are spots containing 'busted' or scrapped vessels. As a result, this group does not share many characteristics since the artefacts lack any identifiable attributes.

Also close to the reserve is a cave used by Neolithic people, located in the cliffs adjacent to the visitor centre. Bones found within the cave are believed to come from a midden that was in use between 4,000 and 3,000 BC. The bones were identified as coming from a variety of different creatures, and pieces of pottery and an amulet were also found. The Kaim o' Mathers, a castle thought to have been built in the early 15th Century, lies just to the north of the reserve boundary.The Story of St Cyrus National Nature Reserve. p. 14.

The midden consists of two separate groups of mounds, which were first excavated in 1925 by the Tohoku Imperial University and again in 2002. The type of pottery found at this site was of a type widely distributed throughout the Tōhoku region and into southern Hokkaido. The shell middens are between a grouping of kofun to the east and the remains of a residential area to the west, which is in turn surrounded by more shell middens on its far side, indicating a very long period of residency. In some cases, the middens were over one meter thick.

A diagram showing the various components of mound growth for a platform mound The mound construction stages show a growing complexity in social structure and hierarchy at the site. Beginning as a midden 15–20 cm thick, the mound grew through a succession of two earthlodge structures, a possible flooding event and four subsequent mound building stages. The earthlodges were superimposed square structures surrounded by significantly high earthen embankments. The interment of a high status individual, known as Burial 2, occurred prior to the construction of the second earthlodge after the partial dismantling of the first.

Fossil records and historic records show that tāiko used to be the most abundant burrowing seabird on Chatham Island, though has not be found to have lived on other islands. Moriori, the indigenous people of the Chatham Islands, harvested tāiko among other birds for food, as evidenced by bones of tāiko found in midden deposits. The first specimen of the Magenta petrel was collected from His Italian Majesty's ship Magenta on July 22, 1867 in the South Pacific Ocean, midway between New Zealand and South America. The name 'Magenta petrel' and the scientific name P. magentae come from this ship.

Diagram showing mound construction sequence Originally standing about in height, the platform mound was constructed in 10 stages. Extensive damage through erosion and amateur digging have resulted in only the first four stages to have distinguishable form and purpose, while also decreasing the height of the mound to . Stage 1 of the mound began as a low truncated rectangular pyramid about in height, which was probably used as a dance platform or dias. The fill for this mound came from the midden area of a previous Woodland period settlement; it was followed by a thinner semi-impermeable blue-grey clay cap.

Sources of midden as old as 6,000 years ago can also be used to view the climate through the presence of certain pollen and the attributed rainfall necessary for those plants to be present and flowering. However, the changing presence of some plants can also be due to erratic conditions such as grazing and human interference by Nomadic people. Although, this is not thought to explain all of the aridity and variation of the area at certain times. The presence of certain flowering plants during the mid- Holocene that require more moisture leads to a conclusion of increased summer rainfall.

Hall, W.E., Van Devender, T.R. and Olson, C.A., Late Quaternary arthropod remains from Sonoran desert packrat middens, southwestern Arizona and northwestern Sonora, Quaternary Research, in press, 1988. All have concluded that the Gran Desierto has been an ecological refuge for desert plants since at least the late Pleistocene. The Gran Desierto has served as a refuge for most dominant Mojave Desert plant species during cooler pluvial epochs as well. Carbon-14 dating for a midden from the Tinajas Altas Mountains shows assemblages of juniper and Joshua trees coexisting with contemporary Gran Desierto flora and fauna more than 43,000 years before present.

A cockatrice is supposedly born when a serpent hatches an egg that has been laid on a dunghill by a rooster and it is so venomous that its breath and its gaze are both lethal to any living creature, except for a weasel, which is the cockatrice's mortal enemy. A basilisk is a serpent with the head of a dragon at the end of its tail that is born when a toad hatches an egg that has been laid in a midden by a nine-year-old cockatrice. Like the cockatrice, its glare is said to be deadly.

In February 2006 the Sydney Harbour Federation Trust commissioned the Australian Museum Business Services to carry out an Archaeological Survey of the Macquarie Lightstation. This was undertaken in conjunction with the La Perouse Aboriginal Land Council. The survey found no Aboriginal sites or objects on the surface and that the previous disturbance to the site made it highly unlikely that any Aboriginal material was pre-Greenway wall is likely to have come from an Aboriginal midden and appears to contain at least one possible artefact within it. It recommends that no further survey work is necessary or warranted.

Middens have been found all the way along tidal sections of the Georges River where shells, fish bones, and other waste products have been thrown into heaps. These, as well as environmental modifications such as dams, building foundations, large earthen excavations and wells, gives evidence of where the Gweagal established villages for long periods, and are found where oysters, fresh water, and strategic views come together. Middens have been found in Oatley, and Oatley Point was known as a feasting ground. In Lugarno a midden is still existent and may be found in Lime Kiln Bay.

The people living on the headlands and shores at the entrance to Botany Bay benefited from the many food and other resources and the mild climate of the area. On both shorelines are many midden sites providing evidence of the rich variety of sea foods enjoyed by the Indigenous people, aside from the reptiles and mammals which also lived in the heath and forests. Fishing was the major source of food for the Indigenous people of the area. Fish hooks were made from turban shells and fishing lines and nets were also made from bark and native grasses.

At this time the climate became somewhat cooler, and the site was abandoned, eventually being covered by a sand dune thick. Around 0 AD Mink Island was once again occupied, with a period of nearly continuous occupation until about 1500 CE. These inhabitants were responsible for the creation of a large shell midden on the island, as well as a number of burial sites. One such burial site contained the remains of a family, including an older female, two teenagers, and two small children, buried around 1450 CE. Remains of five houses date to this time.

The Greenwich Cove site was discovered in 1976, during the construction of a residential subdivision. Test excavations identified a number of features, including a shell midden and a habitation area on a knoll overlooking Narragansett Bay, with a kettlehole nearby as the only source of fresh water. The site was subjected to an extensive salvage excavation in 1979, when it was threatened by complete destruction from the development. Finds at the site include a small number of stone tools (projectile points and scrapers), and significant number of stone chips, evidence of the manufacture of stone tools.

The Lambert Farm Site, designated RI-269, was a prehistoric archaeological site in Warwick, Rhode Island, United States. The site consisted of a large shell midden and a dispersed collection of associated stone artifacts at an inland location, which were dated to the Late Woodland Period. The site was examined by professional archaeologists in 1980, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 for its potential to reveal information about prehistoric land use patterns. It was destroyed in 1991 by residential development of the area, although significant quantities of archaeological material were recovered prior to its destruction.

The north side of Albany Hill was long used by Native Americans, as evidenced by large mortar stones and remnants of a shell midden. Oaks on the north side, the willow grove where tributary Middle Creek joins Cerrito Creek, salt and fresh wetlands to the north (now filled), and the nearby Bay would have made this a bountiful seasonal home. Beginning in the late 19th century, Judson Powder Works manufactured dynamite at the northwest foot of the hill. The company had been forced to move from San Francisco and then nearby Fleming Point in Berkeley because of continuing accidental explosions.

The Fig Springs site is adjacent to a short tributary connecting Fig Springs to the Ichetucknee River, about one mile downstream from the head springs of the Ichetucknee. An apparent midden was discovered in the tributary in 1949, and a survey with limited excavations in 1986 found evidence of a mission on the adjacent land, including a church building, missionary residence (convento), cemetery, plaza and native village. More extensive excavations were carried out in 1988-1989. Analysis of sherds found at the site indicated that the mission was occupied during the first half of the 17th century.

The earliest inhabitants of the Port Stephens region and particularly the land close to Port Stephens itself were the members of the Worimi Aboriginal tribe and their middens may be seen at many points along the beach. These middens, which are up to 12,000 years old, consist mainly of the remnants of pipis and whelk shells. As the beach is constantly reshaped by the winds some middens are concealed while new ones are revealed. A midden conservation area, where beach driving is not permitted due to the cultural significance of the middens, has been established on the beach.

To figure out the influence of geomorphological characteristics of the landscape on human behavior, in 2014, some archaeologists conducted a case study on the Blueberry site. They studied lithic assemblages to see how Belle Glade inhabitants on Blueberry site dealt with environmental constraint, since this site lacked available lithic raw materials. From the diagnostic lithics recovered from midden matrix, the archaeologists concluded that a lot of nearly complete tools were imported to the site. They also found evidence of Blueberry lithic manufacture at late stage. The lithic assemblages supported the hypothesis that Pecora’s Reduction Juncture Model can describe the Blueberry site.

Sina was initially wary of the project, as he had negative experience of the portrayal of Midden Eastern people, and did not want to be controlled by marketing requirements. But after meeting Mechner and the editor for First Second Books, he was won over Sina's story deliberately played on the series concept of there being multiple Princes, writing his story around several Prince characters in different eras. For the 2010 movie adaptation, the Prince was given the name Dastan. According to Mechner, he chose the name as he had learned it was an old Persian name meaning "trickster".

The Obitsu River supported a rich population in the Jōmon period (ca. 14,000-300 BC) as evidenced by large- scale kaizuka midden, or shell mounds.宇宙からみる小櫃川流域貝塚群 The shell mounds of Chiba Prefecture are the largest in Japan, and the , along the Obitsu in the Gion District of Kisarazu, dates from the mid-Jōmon period. While there is some evidence of large-scale settlement along the Obitsu in the Yayoi period (300 BC-250 AD), the entire eastern Bōsō area was again richly populated in the Kofun period (250-538).

The site consists of three locations: the (Middle Jōmon period), (Early to Middle Jōmon period) and (Final Jōmon period), collectively called the Korekawa Site. The location is on a river terrace on the left bank of the Niida River, at an altitude of approximately 10 to 30 meters. The area was first excavated in the 1920s, and then much more extensively in 1962 and again from 1999 to 2004. The size of the settlement during the middle to late Jōmon period (3000-1000 BC) was relatively small, but the site included the residential area, graveyard, work area, garbage midden and ritual place.

Point Isabel is a hilltop in the ancient range of hills that also includes Albany Hill, Brooks Island, and the Potrero San Pablo. Rising sea levels following the last Ice Age formed San Francisco Bay and left the point as a rocky promontory joined to the mainland by a salt marsh that flooded at high tides. A large shell midden showed that Native Americans used the site. In the 19th Century, Pt. Isabel it was part of the Rancho San Pablo owned by Don Victór Castro whose father received it in a land grant from the Mexican Republic.

According to oral tradition Wehali was the first land that appeared from the waters which once covered the earth, which made it the centre or origin of the world from a Timorese perspective. Other traditions mention a migration from Sina Mutin Malaka (Chinese White Malacca) in ancient times.H.J. Grijzen (1904), 'Mededeelingen omtrent Beloe of Midden-Timor', Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap 54, pp. 18-25. The historical background of this is not clear, but the account of Antonio Pigafetta of the Magellan expedition, who visited Timor in 1522, confirms the importance of the Wewiku-Wehali kingdom.

Long before the arrival of Spanish explorers, the Rumsen Ohlone tribe, one of seven linguistically distinct Ohlone groups in California, inhabited the area now known as Monterey. They subsisted by hunting, fishing and gathering food on and around the biologically rich Monterey Peninsula. Researchers have found a number of shell middens in the area and, based on the archaeological evidence, concluded the Ohlone's primary marine food consisted at various times of mussels and abalone. A number of midden sites have been located along about of rocky coast on the Monterey Peninsula from the current site of Fishermans' Wharf in Monterey to Carmel.

Animals with communal latrines include raccoons, Eurasian badgers, elephants, deer, antelopes,"THE ROLE OF SMALL ANTELOPE IN ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING IN THE MATOBO HILLS, ZIMBABWE" horses, and dicynodonts (a 240-million-year-old site is the "world's oldest public toilet")."Giant prehistoric toilet unearthed", James Morgan, science reporter, BBC News, 28 November 2013 A regularly used toilet area or dunghill, created by many mammals, such as hyraxes or moles, is also called a midden. Some lizards, such as yakka skinks (Egernia rugosa) and thorny devils use dedicated defecation sites. European rabbits may deposit their pellets both randomly over the range and at communal latrine sites.

Eight significant sites were identified, and have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places: Turner Farm, Turner Farm II, Mullen's Cove, Joe Amesbury Place, Bortz-Lewis Site, Bull Rock Site, Cabot I Site, and Crocker Site. All of these have as a major component a shell midden, each of which yielded evidence of habitation in the Late Archaic and Ceramic phases. The Turner Farm Site was identified as the most significant of the sites located, and was subjected to extensive archaeological work. It has yielded evidence of occupation during at least three different time periods (the Moorehead, Susquehanna, and Ceramic phases) dating back to c.

A jobless youth from upcountry, Roman (Kondrat), whose belongings are crammed into a single suitcase is wandering through a midden-littered alleyway when he chances upon a well-dressed, mustachioed middle-aged man kicking out another glum-looking young man from the backdoor of a large hotel. The time is the 1920s or the 1930s. Once the moustachioed man goes back inside the doorway, Roman approaches just in time to catch an even better dressed middle-aged man, whom he asks for a job. This man turns out to be Albin, nephew of Hotel Pacific owner Pancer (Randa), who hires Roman on the spot.

Tobago was first settled in the Archaic period by people who probably originated in Trinidad. The oldest settlements are in the southwest of the island near the Bon Accord Lagoon, and belong to a culture known as the Milford complex, was named for the shell midden near Milford, Tobago. These first Tobagonians have been associated with the Ortoiroid people, who were hunters and gatherers and are believed to have been "incipient horticulturalists" who relied on, and probably managed, a range of edible roots, palm starch, and seeds. In Tobago, they fished and hunted sea turtles, shell fish, crabs and land mammals (primarily collared peccaries and agoutis).

Accordingly, the culture is less commonly named the Kitchen Midden. As it is approximately identical to the Ellerbek culture of Schleswig-Holstein, the combined name, Ertebølle-Ellerbek is often used. The Ellerbek culture (German Ellerbek Kultur) is named after a type site in Ellerbek, a community on the edge of Kiel, Germany. In the 1960s and 1970s another closely related culture was found in the (now dry) Noordoostpolder in the Netherlands, near the village Swifterbant and the former island of Urk. Named the Swifterbant culture (5300 – 3400 BC) they show a transition from hunter-gatherer to both animal husbandry, primarily cows and pigs, and cultivation of barley and emmer wheat.

The Swan Island Site is an archaeological site in Crawford County, Illinois, located north of the point where the Wabash River crosses the Lawrence County line. The shell midden site, located on a sandstone ridge in the Wabash River flood plain, was inhabited by people of the Riverton culture in the Late Archaic period. As of 1978, it is one of three known sites associated with the culture, which lived in the central Wabash Valley and had distinct methods of making tools. Archaeologists first found the site in the 1950s, and Dr. Howard Winters of the Illinois State Museum began excavations there in 1961.

To date these are the oldest evidence of cultigens in the Upper Midwest. Previously the oldest appearance of Cucurbita pepo in the region was from the Middle Woodland, found near Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, and dated to around 160 CE. Archaeologists speculate that the site was occupied by seasonal encampments in the late summer or fall during the Early Woodland period, about 1,940 years ago. The one deposit identified from this period contained sand-tempered ceramics and a small midden composed of mussel shells, animals bones, nut shells, and a few stone tools. Middle Woodland use is echoed only by a scatter of grit-tempered ceramics.

Apart from archaeology, participating scientific disciplines included botany, zoology and geology, and such kitchen middens has since been viewed as important archaeological sites internationally.. The original publication from The National Museum of Denmark, funded by the Carlsberg Foundation. Due to land-shift after the melting of the ice, many kitchen midden sites, originally on the coast, were later submerged:Geoffrey Bibby, The Testimony of the Spade (Fontana 1962) p. 139-8 The first submerged settlement excavated in Denmark was Tybrind Vig in 1977. The site was excavated over the following decade. 300 m from the shore and 3 m below the surface, divers excavated sensationally well-preserved artefacts from the Ertebølle Culture.

A landfill in Poland A landfill site, also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump, or dumping ground, is a site for the disposal of waste materials. Landfill is the oldest and most common form of waste disposal, although the systematic burial of the waste with daily, intermediate and final covers only began in 1940s. In the past, refuse was simply left in piles or thrown into pits; in archeology this is known as a midden. Some landfill sites are also used for waste management purposes, such as temporary storage, consolidation and transfer, or for various stages of processing waste material, such as sorting, treatment, or recycling.

The site was inhabited by Coast Salish people beginning at least 4,000 years ago, until about 200 years ago, with the arrival of smallpox on the Northwest Coast. During that time it was a village known as c̓əsnaʔəm. According to BC Heritage Industry Canada site, the Marpole Culture Type dates between 2400 BP and 1600 years BP. In 1884 the midden was unearthed during the upgrading of Garypie Farm Road, and was the site of archaeological excavation throughout the subsequent decades. In 1892, Charles Hill-Tout did extensive excavations at the site for the Art, Historical, and Scientific Association of Vancouver, stimulating study of other middens in the region.

Many of the structures in the site were built in the early Angel 2 phase (1200 to 1325). According to the stratigraphy of midden deposits, this was the earliest Middle Mississippian occupation of Angel. During this phase at Angel, pottery design indicates that this was the same time period as when Middle Wickliffe transitioned to Late Wickliffe phase, as well as Angelly. The proposed Angel 1 phase (Stephan-Steinkamp Phase, 1100 to 1200?), is represented only by pottery sherds in the vicinity of, but not in, the Angel Mounds site. Mound A was constructed in the early 13th century, during the Angel 2 phase.

Kruyt is considered one of the leading theorists, missionaries and ethnographers in the early period of the 20th century. The mission he led in Poso and Central Sulawesi was recognized as one of the greatest successes of the mission of the Gospel in the Indies. His works on ethnography and evangelism—particularly in Central Sulawesi—are regarded as an "extraordinary" source of information. The book he co-authored with Nicolaus Adriani, entitled De Bare'e-sprekende Toradja's van Midden-Celebes (The Bare'e speaking Toraja of Central Sulawesi), is considered one of the best publications in the field of ethnology, and is the primary source of research by scientists and researchers.

In 1919, Tennessee state archaeologist Mark Harrington boated down the Tennessee River to investigate a series of mound structures scattered along the river between Lenoir City and Hiwassee Island (about 100 miles downstream from Bussell). Like Emmert, Harrington focused on the north end of the island, although he noted that the mounds Emmert excavated had been leveled. Of the 41 burials uncovered by Harrington, 9 were of the older "Round Grave" culture, whereas the remainder were attributed to the later Cherokee inhabitants. Harrington suggested that the large diamond-shaped terrace mentioned by Emmert was actually a massive midden deposit that had accumulated over several centuries.

It took a couple of years before the town was rebuilt and in 1614 part of the town Maasland (which included the Maeslandsluys) gained independency and is known as Maassluis. Until the new townhall was built in 1874 meetings of the city council meetings were held in the tavern 'de Pynas'. In the late 20th century the town of Maasland and its surrounding communities were governed as the municipality (gemeente) of Maasland, with most governmental functions based in the town. In 2004, the town of Maasland became part of the municipality (gemeente) of Midden-Delfland upon the merger of the municipality of Maasland and the municipality of Schipluiden.

One must exercise caution in deciding whether one is examining a midden or a beach mound. There are good examples on the Freycinet Peninsula in Tasmania where wave action currently is combining charcoal from forest fire debris with a mix of shells into masses that storms deposit above high-water mark. Shell mounds near Weipa in far north Queensland that are mostly less than high (although ranging up to high) and a few tens of metres long are claimed to be middens,Bailey, G; Chappell, J.B; Cribb, R (1994) "The origin of Anadara shell mounds at Weipa, North Queensland, Australia" Archaeology in Oceania. Volume 29 Number 2. pp.

Therkel Mathiassen (5 September 1892, in Favrbo, Denmark – 14 March 1967) was an archaeologist, anthropologist, cartographer, and ethnographer notable for his scientific study of the Arctic. Mathiassen and Peter Freuchen took part in the Fifth Danish Thule Expedition led by Knud Rasmussen.Rasmussen, 1927, viii During his travels, Mathiassen gave out thimbles to local Inuit, thus earning the Inuktitut nickname, Tikkilik ("the one with the thimbles"). In 1922, Mathiassen began an archaeological investigation at a site he called "Naujan" (Naujaat); the first archaeological excavation in Canada's Arctic.Folger, 2006 This was also the second ever Thule culture archaeological excavation, following the 1916 Comer's Midden in North Greenland.

Therefore, the riddling aspect to the Aesopian original is, in some regards, not ultimately overturned and is arguably maintained as part of the fabric of the poem. Among the specific issues touched on or implied in Henryson's expansion are questions of fiction and truth, appetite, self-interest, fecklessness, materialism, duty, wisdom, hierarchy, equality, education, social order, government, the nature of aristocracy, the nature of royalty and many others. There is also the question of who the cockerel ultimately represents and whether, in some sense, Henryson's poem itself is ultimately the jasp which the reader has encountered "in the midden" to take or leave as he or she wishes.

Late medieval heraldry also distinguished a dragon-like creature known as a "cockatrice". A cockatrice is supposedly born when a serpent hatches an egg that has been laid on a dunghill by a rooster, and it is so venomous that its breath and its gaze are both lethal to any living creature, except for a weasel, which is the cockatrice's mortal enemy. A "basilisk" is a serpent with the head of a dragon at the end of its tail that is born when a toad hatches an egg that has been laid in a midden by a nine-year-old cockatrice. Like the cockatrice, its glare is said to be deadly.

The Bald Point Site (Smithsonian trinomial: 35CLT23) is an archeological site located within park boundaries, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.. The site features a shell midden and possible house pit, dating to ca. 1550 CE. Associated with the Tillamook people, it has the potential to yield information related to environmental change in the Oregon Coast region, settlement and subsistence patterns, emergence of ethnographic patterns among coastal people, baseline cultural patterns prior to the arrival of European Americans, and other topics. Parts of the site have been lost to coastal erosion since the first scientific investigations in 1976, but the remaining portions appear mostly secure...

It is then encouraged the Dutch to build a port in Padang.Marsden W., (1811), The History of Sumatra, London And arrived at 17th-century, Dutch still call a gold ruler to the king of PagaruyungNA, VOC 1277, Mission to Pagaruyung, fols. 1027r-v and then asks Tomas Diaz to investigate the matter, which he tried to enter the interior of the Minangkabau from east coast of Sumatra, and Diaz' noted he had found one of the Minangkabau king at that time (Rajo Buo) and also mentioned main of the people jobs was gold miners.Haan, F. de, (1896), Naar midden Sumatra in 1684, Batavia-'s Hage, Albrecht & Co.-M. Nijhoff. 40p.

The Cedar Swamp Archeological District is located east of the center of Westborough, encompassing a large swampy area, bounded on the east and west by roadways, and the north and south by lines drawn across the terrain at a mean altitude of above sea level. Parts of this area are traversed by highways (including Interstates 90 and 495), as well as secondary roads. One archaeological site of note is located on an island in the swamp, which was discovered in 1974 and excavated in 1984-86. Features of this site include a large refuse midden and a hearth, the latter of which has been radiocarbon dated to about 200 BCE.

The term "senseless violence", in the meaning used in this article, was first used in 1997 by Cees Bangma, district chief of the Dutch police unit Midden-Friesland. Before 1997 the term did not carry the same moral connotation in Belgian and Dutch culture, and typically referred to overseas warzone violence. Bangma used it in a letter written to the Leeuwarder Courant, a Frisian newspaper in which he made an appeal to the Dutch population to have a minute of silence for Meindert Tjoelker, who was killed on 13 September 1997. This minute was necessary "to make it clear to everyone that the Frisian society does not accept senseless violence".

A detailed recording of the painted stencils may also have the potential to provide enhanced knowledge about the creation of stencil sites in the Sydney region and provide a basis of comparison with similar sites across NSW. Earlwood Aboriginal Art Site was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 27 November 2009 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales. The Aboriginal midden and art site at Earlwood is of State heritage significance as it provides strong evidence of Aboriginal occupation in this region from thousands of years prior to European settlement.

"Site I" is the area of Hyrax Hill that was occupied during the Neolithic and late Iron Age. Although the early occupation of the site 5000 years ago is frequently referred to as the "Neolithic" (a trend started by Louis and Mary Leakey during the first excavations in the area), evidence has yet to be found for the cultivation of crops or raising of animals at the early occupation of Site I at Hyrax Hill. The Iron Age portion of the site dates to around 200 years ago, and consists of several stone enclosures and a large midden. Directly under this layer was an earlier Neolithic cemetery.

They will join other predators at a cave mouth where other bat species will exit, this example of multiple species feasting together with other carnivores is intensified in the season when young bats are emerging from their creche. These congregations include introduced species, cane toad Rhinella marina, feral cats and foxes, and natives such as pythons, birds of prey, quolls and large frogs of genus Litoria. The bat will often take prey to a feeding roost, where a midden is formed from the discarded remains. The range of a species of skink, found in the Northern Territory, was extended to Queensland by a record at a feeding roost of M. gigas.

The earliest major habitation sites discovered in Trinidad are the shell midden deposits of Banwari Trace and St. John, which have been dated between 6000 and 5100 BCE. Both shell middens represent extended deposits of discarded shells that originally yielded a food source and stone and bone tools. They are considered to belong to the Ortoiroid archaeological tradition, named after the similar but much more recent Ortoire site in Mayoro, Trinidad. Classifying Caribbean prehistory into different "ages" has proven a difficult and controversial task. In the 1970s archaeologist Irving Rouse defined three "ages" to classify Caribbean prehistory: the Lithic, Archaic and Ceramic Age, based on archaeological evidence.

Midden analysis from camp and settlement sites provides information about diet, with evidence of a preference for beef and lamb in the European camps, and a preference for pork within the Chinese camps. Artefactual evidence found during excavations includes blue and white ceramics, cooking and eating utensils, metal objects, such as buttons, nails and tin boxes (flint boxes, tobacco boxes) and an exceedingly high number of alcohol glass bottles. It is possible these glass bottles were recycled, so archaeologists cannot draw definite conclusions as to alcohol consumption. Within the Chinese camps (such as the Lawrence Chinese camp) artefacts include gambling tokens and Chinese coins as well as celadon earthwares.

Excavations of a rock shelter and shell midden at Sand, Applecross on the coast of Wester Ross have shown that the coast was occupied by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. It may be doubted whether the Romans ever effected even a temporary settlement in the area of the modern county. In Roman times, and for long afterwards, the land was occupied by Picts, who, in the 6th and 7th centuries, were converted to Christianity by followers of Saint Columba. Throughout the next three centuries the natives were continually harassed by Norwegian Viking raiders, of whose presence tokens have survived in several place-names (Dingwall, Tain, and others).

Prior to white settlement, South Durras was home to the Yuin people whose land covered much of the South Coast of New South Wales. Just north of South Durras in the Murramarang Aboriginal Area is what is believed to be the largest midden on the South Coast. While there was some initial hostility between the Yuin and the white settlers, introduced diseases such as smallpox killed off around 95% of the tribe, leaving them in no state to fight for their land. The first land grant in the area was made to John Whitehead McNee in 1840 and the name Durras was in use at that time to describe the area.

Shell columella (the central column of a conch or whelk shell, often used as a hammer) and tools with shark's teeth have also been found.Milanich 1995: 232, 235 The Cades Pond people heavily exploited the aquatic resources of their environment. A large midden at the Melton site on the north side of Paynes Prairie provided evidence for most of what is known of Cades Pond subsistence. Eighty-five percent of the 1500 individual animals used for food at one site came from aquatic habitats. Included were snails, clams, 12 species of fish, frogs, 7 species of turtles, 5 species of water snakes, alligator, 7 species of water birds, otter, and muskrat.

Pictish stone formerly incorporated within the structure of St Rule's Church, now on display at the Museum of ScotlandThe earliest evidence for occupation of the area surrounding Monifieth dates to the Mesolithic period. Midden pits of that age have been found nearby at Stannergate, and worked flints apparently of that age have been found at Balmossie. More tangible evidence for settlement can be found from the Neolithic period, for example with the Cursus monument, identified from cropmarks near Woodhill, between Monifieth and Carnoustie. This cursus is of a similar scale to the well characterised, mid 4th century BC enclosure found nearby at Douglasmuir near Friockheim.

The later 2009–2010 study, using more precise modern methods, resulted in the site being more accurately dated by the radiocarbon method to 1288–1300 CE. The site appeared to be occupied twice over a period of about 20 years, which is consistent with information from other early Polynesian colonisation sites in New Zealand. Accurate dates were obtained from moa egg fragments found in grave and midden sites. Buried with the skeletons were moa bone reel necklaces, whole moa eggs (used as water carriers), argillite adze heads, carved serpentine that looked like shark and whale teeth, harpoon heads and tattoo chisels. Few nephrite (jade or greenstone) artefacts were found.

Henry Gault, from whom the site takes its name, put together a 250-acre farm in the Buttermilk Creek Valley, starting in 1904. At some point in the early 20th century he found extra income as an informant for early archaeological explorations in Central Texas working with the first professional archaeologist in Texas, J.E. Pearce, as well as avocational archaeologists (Alex Dienst, Kenneth Aynesworth and others). The first excavations were carried out at the Gault site in 1929, by Professor J. E. Pearce of the University of Texas. He was attracted by the large size and prolific artifact content of the Archaic midden at Gault.

Illustration of L. virgineus from Filippo Bonanni's Recreatio Mentis et Oculi (1684) Shells of L. virgineus have been discovered in midden heaps in the Dominican Republic, indicating its use by indigenous peoples. The presence of shells from L. virgineus and two other terrestrial gastropods showed that shellfish were gathered from both rivers and the countryside. As the island of Hispaniola was one of the earliest sites of European contact, the brightly colored and distinctive shells of L. virgineus have been represented in scientific illustrations for hundreds of years. The first illustration attributed to L. virgineus was published in 1684 in Filippo Bonanni's Recreatio Mentis et Oculi.

By the end of the decade, the French made an encampment called "Port Bayou St. Jean" near the head of the bayou; this would later be known as the Faubourg St. John neighborhood. The French also built a small fort, "St. Jean" (known to later generations of New Orleanians as "Old Spanish Fort") at the mouth of the bayou in 1701, using as a base a large Native American shell midden dating back to the Marksville culture. In 1708, land grants along the Bayou were given to French settlers from Mobile, but the majority left within the next two years due to the failure of attempts to grow wheat there.

The estate buildings include the joiners' shop and smithy, the Midden Yard (with its saw mill and cart sheds), and the Stable Yard (with its stables and tack room, carriages and vintage bicycles and vintage cars). In the house are the laundry, bakehouse, kitchen and scullery. The nearby river supplied a source of water, which was pumped uphill by a hydraulic ram, the water entering the ram via a feature known as Erddig's Cup and Saucer. Whilst occupied by the Yorke family the house was never installed with mains electricity, with the last Squire, Philip, relying on a portable generator to power his single television set.

The Ramey Plaza lies to the east of Monk's Mound, at the top edge of the illustration. From the Emergent Mississippian period (beginning approximately 800 CE) to the Stirling Phase (1000 to 1200 CE) the location was a village site with multiple houses, pit features, extensive midden deposits, a copper worskop, and a large structure (possibly as large as by ) with a centrally located hearth. Early in the Moorehead Phase (1200 - 1275 CE) the entire area east of Cahokia saw an intensive construction episode. The village area and all of its structures was razed and the "Ramey Plaza" and its associated mounds was built over it.

Hill 60 and its environs (MM Beach, Boilers Point, Fisherman's Beach and Hill 60 Park) contains a rare suite of Aboriginal sites which demonstrate the evolving pattern of Aboriginal cultural history and the Aboriginal land rights struggle. The quality, extent and diversity of the prehistoric archaeological remains at this place are rare on the NSW coast particularly in the local region. These include extensive shell midden deposits rich in stone artifacts and burials. There is demonstrated cultural affiliation with the place by the Aboriginal community, through near continuous occupation of the place, a history of struggle to gain land tenure and ongoing association and use of the place.

Daniël David Veth (17 February 1850 – 19 May 1885) was a Dutch explorer and photographer. Veth was the son of Royal Netherlands Geographical Society chairman Pieter Johannes Veth, and studied engineering at technical colleges in Hanover and Stuttgart.Photographer Daniel David Veth Sumatra (Daniel David Veth: Midden-Sumatra Photographie-Album (1877–1879) Luminous Lint The geographical society organized an expedition from to Central Sumatra in 1877, with the objective to map the Hari river basin, led by Johannes Schouw Santvoort of the Royal Netherlands Navy, and joined by zoologist Johannes François Snelleman and ethnographer Arend Ludolf van Hasselt. Veth was responsible for photographs and mapping.

Archaeologists working in the Gulf of Georgia, Vancouver Island, and the Lower Mainland have identified several distinct periods of cultural activity, known as "culture types" in the region. The site at Craigflower Farm exhibits three of these culture types, known as "Locarno Beach", "Gulf of Georgia" and "Historic". The "Historic" culture type refers to the colonial settlement of the area, and is contiguous with the European colonization; a majority of the artifacts recovered from the site have been dated to this period. The other two periods of human habitation are discernible mainly by the presence of a large shell midden on the site; testifying to the abundant shellfish and game in the area.

Information can be taken from a wide variety of objects, but this classification system is only useful for a class of sources that are called symbolic sources. Symbolic sources are sources that are intended to communicate information to someone. Common symbolic sources include written documents such as letters and notes, but not, for example, bits of broken pottery and scraps of food excavated from a midden, regardless of how much information can be extracted from an ancient trash heap, or how little can be extracted from a written document. Many sources can be considered either primary or secondary, depending on the context in which they are used.. Moreover, the distinction between primary and secondary sources is subjective and contextual,.

The boatman typically sits, kneels or stands in the boat and either paddles it with a double bladed paddle or with his arms in a single person canoe when lying prone. If the boat was not woven tightly enough, then the boatman would find himself sitting, standing or kneeling in several inches of water. The tule canoes were often used for transportation to oyster mollusk and other shellfish beds that could be harvested at low tide. The Emeryville Shellmound or midden composed almost entirely of the inedible shells of different types of shellfish, presumably harvested utilizing tule boats, is an example of the over 400 shell mounds known in the San Francisco Bay area.

Uquiasaurus is an extinct genus of iguanian lizards represented by the type species Uquiasaurus heptanodonta from the Late Pliocene of Argentina. Uquiasaurus was first described in 2012 on the basis of isolated snout and jaw bones within the Uquía Formation, the namesake of the genus. These bones were preserved in a midden of predatory bird pellets and are part of a microvertebrate assemblage that includes the bones of rodents, marsupials, frogs, birds, and other lizards, one of the few to document the mixing of North and South American faunas during the Great American Interchange. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Uquiasaurus is part of a clade (evolutionary grouping) of iguanians that includes the living families Liolaemidae, Leiocephalidae, and Tropiduridae.

Archaeology students from Defiance College took part in field schools at the site during the summers of 1968 through 1973. Excavations conducted by these field schools resulted in the discovery of a wide range of artifacts, such as bits of flint, bone, and pottery, a midden, fire pits, and a piece of copper. Although only half of the site was excavated by these field schools, the knowledge gained was significant because it highlighted the connection between the different peoples who occupied the site, and because the excavations revealed the inhabitants' varying seasonal uses of the site. In 1976, the Brooke Site was added to the National Register of Historic Places because of its archaeological significance.

Early eras at Saruq Al Hadid are represented by stone-lined hearths and ash-pits, as well as associated post-holes. A series of midden deposits containing large amounts of animal bone have supported carbon dating to the Umm Al Nar and Wadi Suq periods. Deposits of a large number of artefacts, thought to have been cached, have been dated to Iron Age I-II, with finds between 1.3–3 metres dated to Iron Age II. Surface deposits represent Iron Age II and later. A total of 223,889 bone fragments have been recovered from the site, from camel and oryx bones through to rodents, with widespread evidence of both hunting and husbandry and also hide processing.

Portland Island with the Salt Spring Island at the background On the northern end of the Haro Strait is a area of the national park centered on Portland Island and extending out to include Brackman Island and numerous islets (but excluding several private islands). Brackman Island was an ecological reserve prior to its inclusion into the national park as a Special Preservation Area. Archaeological sites in the form of midden deposits remain on Portland Island from a long-abandoned First Nation village. Similarly, evidence remains of its use as a private island, including agricultural development and logging, though it reverted to the provincial government after the owner's bankruptcy in the Great Depression.

They also appear to be vulnerable to invasive predatory fish in reservoirs, generally impoundment and damming do not favour hardheads and tend to favour introduced fish species. Hardheads seem to be especially vulnerable to the introduction of predatory bass from the family Centrarchidae. They are also vulnerable to pollution from agricultural runoff and their presence in midden sites of native peoples in the Sacramento and San Joaquin basins show that they were previously much more abundant and widespread than they are currently. In general, the simplification of water regimes, pollution and introduction of exotoc fish have caused declines in this species which was also persecuted as a competitor to more desirable game fish species.

Tolowa people foraged on, but did not live on the island, their village sites were on the headlands near Castle Rock and towards Point St. George where the intertidal zone provided shellfish and seaweed. Tolowa Indian Settlements are California Registered Historical Landmark No. 649 The Tolowa hunted sea lions from to long sea-going canoes at St. George Reef and Castle Rock. They also hunted and ate sea otters, sea lions, whales, harbor and fur seals as well as birds, eggs and juvenile birds with the most common midden bird bones being from immature cormorants. In May, men would collect eggs to be eaten as well as blown empty and used to make decorative garlands.

In 2007, the two schools were combined to form Lyceum Schöndeln, which is housed in the former buildings of Bisschoppelijk College Schöndeln. It offers the havo and university entrance (vwo: Voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs) tracks, consisting of atheneum and gymnasium; a new school, Mavo Roermond, provides vocationally oriented lower secondary or middle-school education (mavo: Middelbaar algemeen voortgezet onderwijs) in the former buildings of the Stedelijk Lyceum, and another new school, Niekée, is a vmbo and occupies a new building. Together with a Dutch as a Second Language division, the schools together form Mundium College, run by the Stichting Onderwijs Midden- Limburg.Bea Ros, "Cultuur hoeft niet leuk te zijn": Portret Lyceum Schöndeln, Bulletin Cultuur & School 65 (2011), pp.

Both this wreck and a historic midden close to the southern shore of the inlet's mouth are registered as Category II historic sites by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust. Papanui Inlet is separated from Hoopers Inlet by a strip of land which is the isthmus to a hilly peninsula containing Cape Saunders and the peninsula's highest point, the 408-metre Mount Charles. A road, leading to Cape Saunders, skirts the southern shore of the inlet. The inlet is registered as a Coastal Protection Area by the Otago Regional Council, due to its cultural and spiritual values to the Kai Tahu iwi, its status as an important habitat for bird and sea life, and for its historic sites.

The Coal Village Site, also known as Coal Cove after the name of the bay south of it, is a historic archaeological site near Port Graham, Alaska. It was the location of a coal mining operation established by the Russian American Company in 1855, and was for a time the third largest settlement in Russian Alaska. An open-pit coal mine was mined until 1860, when a fire destroyed the main steam engine, and the site was abandoned in 1865. When the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, it was overgrown, and remnants of building foundations, a railway, and other artifacts were discernible, as was a refuse midden.

Key Biscayne was first developed for coconut cultivation. The earliest mention of coconuts on Key Biscayne is a Spanish account from 1568, although the reference may be to cocoplums rather than coconuts. Mature coconut trees were on Cape Florida by the 1830s, likely grown from coconuts sent from Mexico by Henry Perrine to the first lighthouse keeper, John Dubose.Blank. p. 87. In the 1880s Ezra Asher Osborn and Elnathan T. Field of New Jersey started an enterprise to develop the Florida coast from Key Biscayne to Jupiter by clearing native vegetation, leveling Indian midden mounds and beach dunes, and planting coconuts. Osborn and Field imported 300,000 unhusked coconuts from the Caribbean, of which 76,000 were planted on Key Biscayne.

Sanger describes this work as at least a partial salvage operation, as the site was being eroded due a long-term rise in sealevels in the area since the end of the last Ice Age; the site has since been protected by construction of a seawall. Major finds at the site including elements of at least two house sites (one of which was already significantly eroded), and eight human burials. One group of four graves was clearly placed with deliberation in the midden, a practice that is otherwise rare on the Maine coast. Finds at the site suggest that it was occupied as early as 1000 BCE, although older radiocarbon dates (to 2000 BCE) were obtained.

The earliest archaeological research in the region was conducted by Mathew Stirling in 1953 and revealed the existence of shell middens along the coastal plain Stirling and Stirling 1964 although very little was published about these. The geographer B.L. Gordon provided a more discerning interpretation of these middens Gordon 1962 and “began to develop a bio-cultural profile of the area”.Seifert 2007 Gordon’s excavations yielded mostly mollusk remains, although he described an unknown number of metates and a low density of both ceramic sherds and stone tools in the form of triangular celts. From 1971 through 1972 Olga Linares conducted test excavations Linares 1977 at the Cerro Brujo shell midden site on the Aguacate Peninsula.

The people living on the headlands and shores at the entrance to Botany Bay benefited from the many food and other resources and the mild climate of the area. On both shorelines are many midden sites providing evidence of the rich variety of seafoods enjoyed by the Indigenous people. Many of the local plants were edible such as the roots of the common fern and warrigal, a spinach-like leafy plant that grew along the local fresh water streams on both northern and southern headlands. Because of its bountiful resources, the north and south headlands of Botany Bay were important ceremonial gathering places for the Dharawal on the south of Botany Bay and the Darug on the northern shores.

The most recent occupation layer also contained trade goods including: rusted iron (perhaps knife blades), a copper pendant, and many sherds of Chinese porcelain. Closer examination of the middens surrounding major house pits identified middens that were up to 1.3m deep, and in some cases over 2m deep. Over 67,000 vertebrate specimens, in total, of at least 59 species have been recovered from test pits at the site including bones from birds, fish, shellfish, sea lions, sea otters, seals, porpoises, whales, elk, deer, and beavers. Initial attempts to describe midden composition determined a rough 50:50 split between shells of blue clams and cockles, with butter clams and bent-nosed clams making up the rest.

The Earlwood site is of State heritage significance as an extremely rare example of an occupation site which comprises a rock shelter with both midden deposit and painted stencils. The presence of the stencils mark it out as by far the most significant Aboriginal site in the local area, while the number of stencils, the presence of relatively rare forearm plus hand stencils and the very uncommon foot stencils, make it a rare site within the central Sydney region and the State. The other site demonstrating foot stencils is at Bantry Bay on the South Coast. This stencil uses red ochre making the white foot stencilled shelter in Undercliffe rare in terms of motif and stencil variation.

Diagram of a midden closet in Nottingham By 1869, Manchester had a population of about 354,000 people who were served by about 10,000 water closets (flush toilets) and 38,000 middensteads. An investigation of the condition of the city's sewer network revealed that it was "choked up with an accumulation of solid filth, caused by overflow from the middens." (Middens and middensteads both refer to dunghills, ash pits, or refuse heaps.) Such problems forced the city authorities to consider other methods of dealing with human excretion. Although the water closet was used in wealthy homes, concerns over river pollution, costs and available water supplies meant that most towns and cities chose more labour- intensive dry conservancy systems.

Saint Joseph College of Florida was started in 1890 in St. Augustine as a sisters' college, or sisters' formation college, by the Sisters of St. Joseph, a Roman Catholic teaching order. In 1950, the order bought the Tuckahoe Mansion on Mount Elizabeth, an ancient Native American midden in Jensen Beach and, after adding two dormitory wings to the mansion, moved the college and their novitiate into it. In 1957, the Sisters of St. Joseph converted the college into a regular liberal arts college, but only offered a two-year curriculum even though it was chartered as a four-year institution. Admission was still limited to members or potential members of the order.

Consecutive construction phases saw rooms filled in with fibre bags filled rocks, or shicra. Internal doorways and stairways within the multi-room structure indicate a changing pattern of use throughout the occupation. Room 2 is the oldest in this complex, and an 80 x 80 cm excavation unit located in the north east corner contained four distinct floors, each separated by black midden deposits. Three dates are associated with this room, the earliest level is date to 2,185 to 1,685 cal BC and the upper most level is dated to 1,420–1,105 cal BC. The last phase suggests ceremonial use; the most notable finding in this building was the ritual offering placed inside one of the walls.

Dionisio Alcalá Galiano (1760-1805) Prior to the arrival of Europeans, Galiano Island was long inhabited by Indigenous peoples from the Penelakut First Nation as well as other Coast Salish peoples, who used the island as a summer fishing colony. Midden pits at Montague Harbour suggest at least 3,000 years of habitation. In the late 1770s, before Europeans had even arrived in the area, the small pox epidemic reached the Coast Salish region, killing as much as 30% of region's original population. Subsequent outbreaks would reduce the First Nations population even further over the following century. In 1792, Spanish navigator Dionisio Galiano was dispatched by the Spanish crown to seek out the rumoured Northwest Passage.

Some 59 shell middens have been found around Matsushima Bay alone, of which the Satohama site is one of the largest. Located on Miyatojima, the largest island in Matsushima Bay, the midden is on a hill extending from east to west, extending 200 meters north-south and 800 meters east-west. It was first excavated by Tohoku Imperial University from 1918-1919. It is especially famous as the first case of stratigraphic excavation in Japan, with clear indication of small settlements in the early Jōmon period, larger settlements and shell mounds were left in each intermediate portion of the Jōmon period until the beginning of the Yayoi period, and small settlements continuing until at least the Heian period.

Goggin attempted to set all the artifacts from a certain site into a chronology paying particular attention to typology, functions, construction, and where, in accordance to stratification, the objects lay. Beyond these specifications to research, Goggin used all the aspects of anthropology, archaeology, ethnology, history, and natural history, as a lens in which he would establish a chronology of artifacts. He expressed his distrust in sampling early on. As a collector of artifacts he found sampling very dangerous to the preservation of tangible history. While working and schooling in New Mexico, Goggin developed his own method of “controlled sample collecting.” In this method he marked off 16 parts of the surface ground at Goodland Point midden.

It was believed, at the time of its listing on the National Register, that evidence of habitation (post holes and hearths) might be found below the plow zone, or under the midden itself, were it to be more fully excavated. Further investigation of the site was expected to yield additional information about subsistence, habitation, and migration patterns in the region. The area where the site was located was slated for development in 1991, and the developer agreed to delay construction work on a area surrounding the site, in which salvage archaeology could be performed. This work recovered more than of shells, considered somewhat unusual because the site was more than from the bay.

The ancient Maya diet was also supplemented by the exploitation, at least in coastal areas, of maritime resources, including fish, lobster, shrimp, conch, and other shellfish. The zooarchaeological evidence from the sites of Lamanai and Tipu have provided considerable information about the types of animals being exploited. The zooarchaeological evidence (5,737 remains from Lamanai and 24,590 remains from Tipu) were collected from midden deposits and structures near and in the ceremonial center of the site. While white-tailed deer remain the most exploited animal at the sites throughout time, there are shifts over time from larger mammals to small mammals, aviary species such as turkey, and aquatic resources such as fish, turtles, and mollusks.

Lighthouse at Kiama Kiama was the site of two strong volcanic flows, called the Gerringong Volcanics, which came out of Saddleback Mountain, now a collapsed volcanic vent. The Kiama Blowhole is part of an erosion process on the more recent rock, formed into columnar basalt, or latite. Before the cedar-getters (comprising ex-convicts, convicts and runaways, some with cedar licences and many without) arrived in the area around 1810, the local Indigenous Australians, Wodi Wodi of the language group Dharawal, had been using the land for thousands of years, moving every six weeks or so in family groups. This is supported by a midden of shells at nearby Bass Point used for more than 17,000 years.

Historic Contact: Indian People and Colonists in Today's Northeastern United States in the Sixteenth Through Eighteenth Centuries. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, 1995, 297. However, the site's significance depends on the wide variety of cultural materials dating between these extremes: simple artifacts such as common projectile points and potsherds are found at all locations in the midden, and the continuity of the deposits demonstrates gradual transitions in ceramic and lithic technology from generation to generation of the shelter's occupants. Moreover, the shelter is significant for more than just its pottery and stone tools: both faunal and floral materials are exceptionally well preserved at Hidden Valley, thus enabling scholars to trace the site's environment over the last several thousand years.

Prior to the arrival of colonists on Tangier Island, it was a retreat for the Pocomoke Indians for centuries. Although not much is known about these people, their existence is evidenced by the thousands of stone arrowheads that have been found all over the island. Almost any morning after gale-force winds have been blowing all night, new arrowheads can be found on the beach. The discovery of an ancient offshore oyster midden, thousands of years old and containing a huge pile of shells which could only have been deposited by humans, is further evidence that there was a regular population on Tangier, at least in the warm part of the year, long before it had an English name.

The garbage midden contained the remnants of various shellfish, bones of animals and fish and an extremely large number of Japanese horse chestnuts and walnuts, indicating the importance of these nuts in the Jōmon period diet. Of especial note were lacquerware items, both of decoration and for strengthening and preserving tools, which suggest systematic lacquer tool production activities. The Nakai Site is also one of the type sites representing the Kamegaoka culture of the final phase of the Jōmon period (1000-300 BC). Many of the artifacts recovered from the site are on display at the , a museum built at the site, which has been preserved as an archaeological park with several reconstructed pit dwellings.

The Tax and Customs Administration is part of the Ministry of Finance and consists of nine organizational units: Particulieren (Individuals), Midden- en kleinbedrijf (Small and medium-sized enterprises), Grote ondernemingen (Large companies), Centrale Administratieve processen (Central Administrative processes), Klantinteractie en Services (Customer interaction and Services), Informatievoorziening (Provision of information), Douane (Customs), Fiscale inlichtingen- en opsporingsdienst (Fiscal intelligence and investigation service) and Toeslagen (Social security). The Director-General (DG) and the deputy DG (pDG) are in charge of the Tax and Customs Administration. The underlying services from the primary process are managed directly by the DG. The non-primary processes are largely controlled by the pDG. Customs vessel Grote Stern in the Port of Rotterdam in 2015.

High and Low lights, new and old Because of the difficulty of navigating ships into the mouth of the river past the dangerous Black Midden rocks, buildings were erected in the 16th century with permanent lights burning to be used as a guide by the mariners. High and Low lights are pictured on a 1655 map of the river Tyne: a pair of square castellated towers. Both lights were rebuilt in 1727, and these buildings still stand today (albeit the Old Low Light was remodelled in 1830 to serve as an almshouse). In 1810, the Old Lights were replaced by new High and Low Lights, placed respectively at the top and bottom of the steep bank alongside the river.

There are, or were, a number of military installations located at the northern end of the beach, including a machine gun post , the main command building, a coarse aggregate concrete service trench and gun emplacements. There has been considerable ground disruption associated with these installations and access to them. The middle and southern portions of MM Beach contain a WWII semi-circular brick gun emplacement, stormwater drains, the remains of a possible early jetty and coarse aggregate and swimming baths on a rock platform. Extensive deposits Aboriginal shell midden are located in the dune formations of MM Beach between the rocky headland of the military land and middle portion of the beach.

In 2012, a geophysics survey was conducted by a team from Durham University but it has not been fully excavated. Among finds at the fort are altars with inscriptions to Hercules by Legio VI Victrix (normally stationed at Eboracum [York]) and to Apollo by the 2nd Cohort of Nervians, the garrison of auxiliaries. Other finds include a midden containing shoes; coins, fragments of Samian pottery, beads, nails, and a bronze handle shaped like a dolphin. Whitley Castle (Epiacum) is referenced as the site of a fictional battle between fictional characters Uhtred of Bebbanburh and Sköll in the 2018 novel War of the Wolf written by Bernard Cornwell, the eleventh book in his Saxon Stories series.

The bodies of the men might later have been thrown upon the rocks. He also suggested a second scenario, which he described as more likely, which involved a midden whose remains are about from the top of the path to the beach on a large flattish sandy area. He said if this was the cooking area chosen on the day, the tribe could have been ambushed as they cooked and ate the muttonbirds, and suddenly found themselves trapped between the shepherds and the sea. Alarmed by gunfire, some may have fled down to the beach while others were driven back around the lip of the high ground leading to the cliff top.

Stephens' unfamiliarity with the artifacts that he found in his early excavations led him to suggest that the village was populated by members of a previously unknown culture. His further work permitted the inhabitants to be identified as members of the Middle Woodland period Allison-Lamotte culture, which was first defined in 1963, and which flourished from around the birth of Christ until AD 400. The arrangement of the postholes enabled him to understand the site as a collection of circular houses (typically in diameter) partially encircling a central plaza. Later research demonstrated similar town planning at other Allison-Lamotte sites, and the placement of a mound near the midden has also been shown to be a common feature for Allison-Lamotte villages.

The site is located on the Toyokawa River downstream from the center of modern Toyohashi city. It was discovered in 1936 and excavated from 1947-1948, and again in 1952. The site contained a midden from the mid- Yayoi to late-Yayoi period, with a thickness of 1.3 meters, which contained roughly textured pottery with a comb design, stone tools, bone needles, parts of looms and other wooden tools, and other artifacts. The quality and quantity of the artifacts has been compared to those found at the Toro ruins in Shizuoka prefecture, and indicate that rice paddy cultivation was carried out in the alluvial area of the lower Toyokawa River from an early period, although the actual remains of rice paddies have not yet been found.

Frankel was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1993, and served on the Humanities Panel of the Australian Research Council (1996–98). He was awarded the Prime Minister’s Centenary Award for services to Australia society and the humanities in 2003 and joint Editor-in-Chief of Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology.Astrom Editions In 2015 he was awarded the Australian Archaeological Association's Rhys Jones Medal for outstanding contributions to the discipline. His research interests include Australian Aboriginal archaeology with particular reference to south-eastern Australia and the archaeology of the Bronze Age of Cyprus having excavated in Papua New Guinea, Moonlight Head midden and Koongine Cave in Australia, and Marki Alonia, Deneia and Politiko Kokkinorotsos in Cyprus.

The name of the game varies with region. In the United States, the descriptive name Keep Away seems to prevail, while Canadian children commonly call the game either Pig in the Middle (Western Canada) or Monkey in the Middle (Eastern Canada, parts of New England, and parts of the Midwest). In the UK, Australia and New Zealand the name Piggy in the Middle is used (almost) exclusively. The game is also common in German, called "Dummer Hans" (Silly John), in Turkey under a name which translates to Rat in the Middle, in Denmark where it is known as what translates into Butter blob, in the Netherlands they call it "Lummelen" or, less commonly, "Aap in het Midden" [lit: "Monkey in the Middle"] and Silly Johnny in Poland.

While the age of the midden and rock paintings is at present unknown as no archaeological investigation has been conducted, it is accepted that the site was regularly used by the Aboriginal people of the local area as they travelled between sites of ceremonial importance and sources of food and water that changed with the seasons. It is thought that the warmer months were spent nearer the coast and the cold months of winter were spent further inland. Throughout Australia traditional Aboriginal people practised art making in the places on their land that they visited in their seasonal travels. Rock art includes engraving, painting using ochres and charcoals, hand printing and stencilling of hands, feet and objects such a boomerangs, small animals kangaroo paws etc.

The site is significant beyond the City of Canterbury. It is part of the historical legacy of the Aboriginal people of the Sydney basin, and specifically, of the dialect groups (Bidiagal/Gweagal) who inhabited the Cooks and Georges River valleys and the Botany Bay area. The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history. The Earlwood art site and midden is of heritage significance at State level through its association with the Aboriginal people who lived in the area prior to colonisation and whose numbers in the decades after contact were decimated through the alienation of their land and the impact of disease.

Many of the skeletons placed in shallow graves, especially the skulls, were crushed and shown signs of disturbance. Most of the skeletons were found in tight coiled positions, which indicates the bodies may have been wrapped, though there are a few instances of being placed sitting up, with even less fully extended . The large number of burials caused graves to intrude into others accidentally, though multiple burials were common practice during the time the shell midden formed between the years 5500 and 2000 BC. Multiple burials were also typically circular, but larger and lacked grave goods except for single projectile points near the chest cavities, which suggest violence near time of death. Many skeletons were found dismembered, either unintentionally or as an act of mutilation.

The Phipps Site is located on the banks of Mill Creek in Cherokee County, occupying a broad terrace about above the typical water level of the creek. The principal feature of the site is a long and deep refuse midden, which, despite losses to plowing and erosion, still contained artifacts to a depth of more than , indicative of a long period of use. Evidence of habitation has also been found in the form of depressions, a feature associated with earth lodges, semi-subterranean dwellings typical of the Mill Creek culture. Finds at the site include pottery fragments from both the Early and Late Little Sioux phases of the Mill Creek culture, and significant assemblages of the remains of raptors, suggesting some sort of ritual importance.

In between these two interchanges the A4, the E 19 and the E 30 all run concurrent and on this location, there is a basketweave exchange. The outerlanes of the basketweave are for connecting the A13 and the stack exchange ramps from and to the A12, the inner lanes are the continuing the A4. Leaving the basketweave interchange, the A4, now concurrent with the E 30, continues southwards around Delft towards southeastern Delft, where it continues partially below ground level through the Midden-Delfland region. It then enters the Rotterdam region at a semi-directional T-interchange, called Kethelplein, where the motorway travels to the south while the A20 concurrents with the E 25, travels from the east to the west.

The record of Australian Aboriginal occupation of Shark Bay extends to years BP. At that time most of the area was dry land, rising sea levels flooding Shark Bay between BP and BP. A considerable number of aboriginal midden sites have been found, especially on Peron Peninsula and Dirk Hartog Island which provide evidence of some of the foods gathered from the waters and nearby land areas. An expedition led by Dirk Hartog happened upon the area in 1616, becoming the second group of Europeans known to have visited Australia. (The crew of the Duyfken, under Willem Janszoon, had visited Cape York in 1606). The area was given the name Shark Bay by the English explorer William Dampier, on 7 August 1699.

The ruins were discovered during the construction of the Mizuho Athletic Stadium in 1939, and despite the designation as a national historic site in 1941, construction of the stadium proceeded over the site. In 1980, when an old stand was demolished for reconstruction of the stadium, it was confirmed that the shell midden remained in good condition, and an excavation survey of about 2200 square meters found a complex ruins from the early Jōmon period with four shell middens. The middens mainly consisted of shells from large oysters and crabs, and the thickness of over 1 meter. The ruins are located in the estuary flood plain of the Yamazaki River, with sand and gravel layers containing rubble of a large size.

Cylindrical pottery found at the site dates it to 4,500-6,000 years ago which corresponds to early to middle Jōmon period. Around this time, the surrounding area was submerged by the expanding brackish water of ancient Lake Jūsan due to a rise in sea levels. The midden is almost exclusively made of Yamato-shijimi clams which were harvested from the brackish water; however, other shells, as well as the bones of fish including carp and Japanese sea bass and the bones of birds such as geese, ducks and short-tailed albatrosses have been unearthed. In addition, bone implements made of the bones of large mammals such as whales and dolphins as well as human bones have also been unearthed at the site.

Bass Point has been the focus of attention from archaeologists since the late 1960s as an area that has potential to reveal significant information about pre-contact history in NSW. Twelve midden sites and one camping/meeting place have been identified and archaeological excavations have revealed the environmental change and evolution of the area over time and the development of techniques used by the Aboriginal people to hunt and gather available resources. Alongside Burrill Lake rock shelter (which is of similar antiquity), Bass Point is considered to be one of the most significant Aboriginal archaeological sites to be excavated in NSW. It is considered to be a rare example of established occupation and continues to be of exceptionally high significance to the Aboriginal people of NSW.

The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. Bass Point has been the focus of attention from archaeologists since the late 1960s as an area that has potential to reveal significant information about pre-contact history in NSW. Twelve midden sites and one camping/meeting place have been identified at Bass Point and archaeological excavations have revealed the environmental change and evolution of the area over time and the development of techniques used by the Aboriginal people to hunt and gather available resources. Alongside Burrill Lake rock shelter (which is of similar antiquity), Bass Point is considered to be one of the most significant Aboriginal archaeological sites to be excavated in NSW.

This site was first identified in the early 20th century as being of archaeological interest, but its location was mis-described several times before its first format evaluation in 1979. At that time, the site was identified as containing 22 depressions indicative of house rings, as well as evidence of trash pits and a midden. Field work resulted in the collection of more than 200 pieces of ceramic remains, stone chips consisting with tool work, projectile points and other stone tools, as well as the remains of bison and other fauna. The site is part of a complex of sites in the middle reaches of the Missouri River that are believed to constitute the largest assemblage of agrarian prehistoric settlements of the period in North America.

The oldest known River Murray Indigenous site, a midden of ancient river mussel shells, confirmed the occupation of the site by Aboriginal peoples for at least 29,000 years. The find has expanded the scarce knowledge of the area's ancient history. A study reporting the find and describing the dating as "based on 31 radiocarbon age determinations" was published on 14 July 2020, saying that this pushes back the previously known occupation of the area by 22,000 years, into the last ice age. The research was carried out as part of an ongoing collaboration between the River Murray and Mallee Aboriginal Corporation (RMMAC) and researchers from Flinders University led by Amy Roberts, and is a first step in a larger project tracking hows how people lived during that time.

Eating nut, in Edmonton, Alberta Large midden constructed by American red squirrels, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska American red squirrels are primarily granivores, but incorporate other food items into their diets opportunistically. In Yukon, extensive behavioral observations suggest white spruce seeds (Picea glauca) comprise over 50% of a red squirrel's diet, but squirrels have also been observed eating spruce buds and needles, mushrooms, willow (Salix sp.) leaves, poplar (Populus sp.) buds and catkins, bearberry (Arctostaphylos sp.) flowers and berries, and animal material such as bird eggs or even snowshoe hare leverets (young). White spruce cones mature in late July and are harvested by red squirrels in August and September. These harvested cones are stored in a central cache and provide energy and nutrients for survival over the winter and reproduction the following spring.

Originally reported as over high and some in diameter, the shellmound constituted a small hill, and was physically linked to several adjacent mounds by extensive lower-lying midden deposits.Uhle 1902 Its peak likely provided sweeping views of the Bay and the Golden Gate. Entrance to Shellmound Amusement Park from Southern Pacific rail stop Archaeologists believe that Native Americans constructed the Shellmound which was largely made up of shellfish and animal remains, the remnants of millions of meals consumed at the site by the prehistoric residents. The shells they threw aside from their catches of shellfish eventually covered some hundreds of thousands of square feet, marked by several cones. Evidence indicates that the site was a large village, occupied from at least 2800 years ago to 400 years ago.

Several phases of the linear and circle and dot Old Bering Sea style was formally defined by Henry Collins in 1937 on the basis of his extensive excavations at the mound sites of Mayughaaq in the vicinity of Gambell, Alaska, at the northwestern cape of St. Lawrence Island. Collins' research focused on large midden and domestic architecture with few graves located; a large cemetery was subsequently located nearby by Hans Georg Bandi in the 1960s. An important subdivisions of Old Bering Sea is its earliest, more spare designs termed Okvik, for several mounds on an island off the east coast of St. Lawrence Island, excavated by Otto Geist. A small Okvik site, the Hillside locality, lies above the Mayughaaq mound and contains five stone slab houses reasonably well dated to AD 200 to 400.

The home of the Koobenpul tribe and part of the Jagera/Yagera language group people, Eprapah was part of their range from Redland Bay (Talwarrapin, or cotton wood tree that was endemic to the area) to the Brisbane River (Mairwar). Victoria Point's Aboriginal name of Warra Warra possibly means mussels, while Coochiemudlo refers to the red rock that forms the small island. A midden was discovered on-site but its location has since been lost. Many plants at Eprapah were used by the Aboriginal people, including the red ash or soap tree (Alphitonia excelsa) as a poison, the edible and crunchy small fruit of the lillypilly (Syzygium smithii), black bean or Moreton Bay chestnut (Castanospermum australe) as a food source (after long treatment), and the paper bark (Melaleuca sp.) for carrying containers amongst other uses.

The Negishi ruins are located in a hilly area very close to the Pacific Ocean to the east. Within the borders of the National Historic Site designation is the site of a hilltop Jōmon period settlement with numerous pit dwellings. To the west of this settlement (and outside the borders of the National Historic Site) is a shell midden contemporary with the settlement, from which numerous shards of Jōmon period pottery, tools and other artifacts have been recovered. The site of the later regional government administrative complex is located on flat land to the northeast of this settlement. The site measures 600 meters north-south and 300 meters east-west, and contained a large administrative building, flanked by buildings in symmetrical positions in the east and west, forming a “U”-shape.

The rocky ria coast of Iwate Prefecture was densely settled from the early through late Jōmon period, and the locations of such coastal settlements are often marked by shell middens containing the remains of shellfish, fish, animal and whale bones and human-produced artifacts, including earthenware shards, fishing hooks, etc. The rocky rias coast of Iwate Prefecture was densely settled from the early through late Jōmon period. In particular, the deeply indented Ōfunato Bay area was a rich fishing ground and is the location of 16 known Jōmon -period shell middens, a number of which have been designated National Historic Sites. The Takonoura shell midden dates from the early to middle Jōmon period, and is located on a hill on the east side of the Ōfunato Bay in the Ashinozaki, Anozaki-cho neighborhood.

The Assessment noted the presence of Sydney cockle and whelk shells on the surface elsewhere on the site, but in the context of building debris, and likely to have been moved downhill (by erosion or other disturbance). The Assessment indicated that "the rock shelter was probably the focus of midden making/consumption activity in the landscape", and therefore a curtilage from the rear boundary would include "all possible locations at the front of the shelter where intact deposit may be located sub-surface". Having regard to the painted stencils, the 2005 Assessment recorded what is possibly a third foot stencil. The Assessment noted that the site "would benefit from a detailed recording (including hand and foot stencil measurements and proper description, and the relationship between the motifs being recorded)".

Mounds and village sites of the Cades Pond culture include the Running Lake Mounds (8AL182, 8AL183), near River Sink on the Santa Fe River, the Simmons Place (8AL188) near where Olustee Creek joins the Santa Fe River, the Cades Pond Mound and the Griner Mound (8BF8) northeast of Santa Fe Lake, the Prairie Creek Midden site between Paynes Prairie and Newnans Lake, the Shirea Site (8AL49, 8AL84) and the Melton Site (8AL5, 8AL7, 8AL169) on the north side of Paynes Prairie, the Ramsey Pasture Mound (8AL78) and Wacahoota Mound (8AL58) between the western end of Paynes Prairie and Levy Lake, the Cross Creek site (8AL2, 8AL3) between Orange Lake and Lochloosa Lake, the River Styx site (8AL458) north of Orange Lake, and mounds near Hawthorne (8AL464), and Evinston (8AL117).Hemmings: 142-43Wallis, et al.: 170.

Into the modern era, humans typically practiced open defecation or employed latrines or outhouses over a pit toilet in rural areas and used chamber pots emptied into streets or drains in urban ones. The Indus Valley Civilization had particularly advanced sanitation, which included common use of private flush toilets. The ancient Greeks and Romans had public toilets and, in some cases, indoor plumbing connected to rudimentary sewer systems. The latrines of medieval monasteries were known as reredorters; in some cases, these were connected to sophisticated water systems that swept its effluent away without affecting the community's drinking, cooking, or washing water... In the early modern period, "night soil" from municipal outhouses became an important source of nitrates for creating gunpowder.. 19th century refinements of the outhouse included the privy midden and the pail closet.

Geographic Distribution of Gaelic speakers in Scotland (2011) Perhaps surprisingly Shetland may have a Gaelic root—the name Innse Chat is referred to in early Irish literature and it is just possible that this forms part of the later Norn name Hjaltland— but the influence of this language in the toponymy of the Northern Isles is slight. No Gaelic-derived island names and indeed only two Q-Celtic words exist in the language of modern Orcadians - "iper" from eabhar, meaning a midden slurry, and "keero" from caora - used to describe a small sheep in the North Isles.Lamb, Gregor "The Orkney Tongue" in Omand (2003) p. 250. The Hebrides remain the stronghold of the modern Gàidhealtachd and unsurprisingly this language has had a significant influence on the islands there.

In 1982, a sub-fossil right middle phalanx was found in a prehistoric midden near Kuruwita in Sri Lanka, which is dated to about 16,500 ybp and tentatively considered to be of a tiger. Tigers appear to have arrived in Sri Lanka during a pluvial period, during which sea levels were depressed, evidently prior to the last glacial maximum about 20,000 years ago. The tiger probably arrived too late in southern India to colonise Sri Lanka, which earlier had been connected to India by a land bridge. Results of a phylogeographic study using 134 samples from tigers across the global range suggest that the historical northeastern distribution limit of the Bengal tiger is the region in the Chittagong Hills and Brahmaputra River basin, bordering the historical range of the Indochinese tiger.

Letters in the Pearce archives contain reference to extensive looting at the Gault site in 1929, and this continued (it was actually a "pay-to-dig" site for many years) until 1998, when new owners stopped the practice. Fortunately, the looters and collectors apparently rarely dug into the earlier deposits below the Archaic midden due to the lower density of collectible or marketable artifacts. Limited test excavations were conducted in 1991, and sustained geoarchaeological investigations began in 1998, and continued through 2002, and from 2007 to 2015, under the auspices of the Texas Archaeological Research Laboratory at the University of Texas at Austin, the Gault School of Archaeological Research (GSAR) and the Prehistory Research Project at Texas State University . In 2007, the site was purchased and donated to The Archaeological Conservancy .

With H. H. Kan as founding president, CHH became a platform for Han and his colleagues to advocate cooperation with the Dutch colonial state to achieve legal equality for ethnic Chinese subjects in the Indies. CHH was later criticised for its supposed pro-Dutch sympathies, conservatism and elitist outlook, for which it was dubbed the 'Packard Club' after the automobiles used by some of the party's leaders. At the end of his tenure in the Volksraad, Han settled down in Semarang and became a deputy of the Provincial Council of Central Java (the Provincialen Raad van Midden- Java), a role he performed until his death in 1940. Han's preoccupation with education also led him to serve as a Trustee of the Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (ITB) from 1924 until 1940.

Dundee and its surrounding area have been continuously occupied since the Mesolithic. A kitchen midden of that date was unearthed during work on the harbour in 1879, and yielded flints, charcoal and a stone axe.Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland: Dundee, Stannergate; Mathewson(1878–79) A Neolithic cursus, with associated barrows has been identified at the north-western end of the cityHistoric Scotland: Greystane Lodge, cursus and barrows and nearby lies the Balgarthno stone circle.Jervise (1854–57); Historic Scotland: Gourdie, stone circle A lack of stratigraphy around the stone circle has left it difficult to determine a precise age,Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland: Balgarthno Stone Circle but it is thought to date from around the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age.

In 1983, he launched his vinyl long player In 't midden van' t gewoel (In the middle of the hustle and bustle). "Very strong, if not virulent in his Flemish protest, was Brussels singer Jef Elbers, who always profiled himself as an illustrious opponent of Belgium", as Peter Notte writes in his (except for Internet) unpublished thesis, while noting that, of all the singers dedicated to the Flemish cause, he probably was the most committed Fleming, while singers such as Wannes Van de Velde stood rather for a more lenient inclination, whereas a group of singers like De Elegasten embodied the superlative that provided Elbers the opportunity to raise the bid.Peter Notte, ”De Vlaamse Kleinkunstbeweging na de Tweede Wereldoorlog, Een historisch overzicht” , (The new wave of Flemish singers after the Second World War.

The main characters are Anand the Roach Boy and his cousin, Pleckoo the Noseless, who are outcastes in the United Queendoms of the Great and Holy Slope, a highly stratified nation that exploits the leaf cutter ants that farm and eat a nourishing fungus. Among the outcastes, Anand is further degraded because his mother is a Britasyte, a member of a traveling roach people. Both Anand and Pleckoo work in the midden or the dung/trash heap of Mound Cajoria which is one of a hundred different human-occupied ant mounds within the Slopeish nation. When Cajoria becomes overpopulated, the priests of the mound conduct a Fission rite in which a third of the population of both ants and humans are selected by lottery to establish a new colony in the unknown north of Dranveria.

Sand on the Applecross Peninsula in Wester Ross, Scotland, is an archaeological site. Sand is the site of a major archaeological excavation on the Inner Sound coast of the Applecross Peninsula in Western Scotland, to the north of the small town of Applecross. A small number of shell middens were known as rare traces of Mesolithic settlement when a rock shelter and shell midden at Sand, Applecross on the coast of Wester Ross, Scotland, was selected for detailed excavation as part of a study of shell middens in the area around the Inner Sound between the Skye and the mainland. The Scotland’s First Settlers project (SFS) investigating the relationship of early inhabitants with the western seaboard chose this area which had known sites at An Corran in Staffin, Skye, and at Redpoint and Shieldaig in Torridon.

The Illinois Archaeological Survey first recorded the Stoner Site in 1930 and carried out a minimal field survey at the site, collecting materials that could be found at the surface. Aside from occasional reckless digging into the mound in the early 1950s by the owners, no further work of any sort was done for nearly thirty years. Local resident Denzil Stephens, an amateur archaeologist, conducted far more detailed work at the site starting in the late 1950s: besides investigating the mound, he excavated the surrounding field and discovered the midden and village site. By digging test pits at regular intervals and removing everything down to the subsoil, he demonstrated the existence of a village: by the early 1960s, he had revealed more than three hundred postholes and thus shown the complete outline of one house and portions of outlines for eleven other buildings.

The two main ways that the moa bones were deposited in such sites were birds that entered the cave to nest or escape bad weather, and subsequently died in the cave and birds that fell into a vertical shaft and were unable to escape. Moa bones (and the bones of other extinct birds) have been found in caves throughout New Zealand, especially in the limestone/marble areas of northwest Nelson, Karamea, Waitomo, and Te Anau. Moa bones and eggshell fragments sometimes occur in active coastal sand dunes, where they may erode from paleosols and concentrate in 'blowouts' between dune ridges. Many such moa bones antedate human settlement, although some originate from Maori midden sites, which frequently occur in dunes near harbours and river mouths (for example the large moa hunter sites at Shag River, Otago, and Wairau Bar, Marlborough).

Guy Shortridge searched extensively for this species on his collecting expedition near Bremer Bay, finding Potorous gilbertii skulls at caves near Margaret River, but could only provide the historical details of this species provided to him in his 1910 report. The information he reported—assumed to be from Nyungar informants—was that the species became extinct in 1905, were similar to the quokka in range and habits, and had been commonly found and often captured in large quantities. The remains were examined the following year, along with the remains of a dibbler, which was found along with the P. gilbertii remains in a deposit beneath a moving dune system. Another set of bones were found in an midden beneath a large peppermint (Agonis flexuosa), which was assumed to be the feeding roost of a predatory bird such as an owl.

The earliest evidence of human activity on the Pointe de la Torche is a Mesolithic midden on the northeast side, consisting mostly of seashells, with some fish and cattle bones.La Torche / Un haut lieu historique / Un sanctuaire de la préhistoire, Commune of Plomeur The burial site was constructed in the Neolithic period with five chambers, four of them arranged symmetrically, and an entrance way which forms an angle and was roofed over in the late Neolithic. Finds from several different eras have been uncovered in the chambers and the corridor, and for reasons of soil chemistry the site was only the third in Brittany to yield prehistoric human remains in significant numbers.P.R. Guiot and André Guilcher, "Essai de chronologie des successions pré- et protohistoriques de la baie d'Audierne (Finistère)", Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 44 (1947) 116-21, pdf at Persée, p.

This fact, coupled with inter-marriage with the Stirlings of Keir and the failure of the Stuart male line in 1797 explains the present family name of Crawfurd Stirling Stuart. This complex family history was explored by Andrew Stuart of Torrance and Castlemilk who published The History of the Genealogy of the Stewarts in 1798.Incomplete History Of Castlemilk, Chapter3 In 1991, in advance of the redevelopment of the site of Castlemilk House into an adventure playground, an archaeological dig was carried out by Archaeology Projects Glasgow in close collaboration with the now defunct Castlemilk Local History Group. Two trial trenches to the west of the tower discovered a defensive ditch which had been filled with midden material such as pottery, bone, bottle glass and a clay pipe bowl that would date the deposit to the 18th century if not earlier.

In the winter of 1984/5, strong winds felled two trees above a shell midden and exposed ancient human remains of a child, a young adult female and an older male. With the approval of the Metlakatla First Nation, the remains were analysed by the Canadian Museum of Civilization. A genetic study published in PLOS ONE in 2013 linked the 5,500-year-old female remains to 2,500-year-old remains found on nearby Dodge Island. The groundbreaking study, the first to use new techniques to analyse the complete mitochondrial genome, also found that a living Tsimshian woman from the Metlakatla First Nation near Prince Rupert had a matrilineal DNA link to the 5,500-year-old female remains from the Lucy Islands. The study’s findings may indicate an enduring occupation of the geographical region by local First Nations.

The rocky ria coast of Iwate Prefecture was densely settled from the early through late Jōmon period, and the locations of such coastal settlements are often marked by shell middens containing the remains of shellfish, fish, animal and whale bones and human-produced artifacts, including earthenware shards, fishing hooks, etc. The rocky rias coast of Iwate Prefecture was densely settled from the early through late Jōmon period (4000–1000 BC). In particular, the deeply indented Ōfunato Bay area was a rich fishing ground and is the location of 16 known Jōmon-period shell middens, a number of which have been designated National Historic Sites.The Shimofunato Shell Midden dates from the late Jōmon period, and is located at an elevation of between 20 and 30 meters above the present sea level, on the west side of Ōfunato Bay.

The rocky ria coast of Iwate Prefecture was densely settled from the early through late Jōmon period, and the locations of such coastal settlements are often marked by shell middens containing the remains of shellfish, fish, animal and whale bones and human-produced artifacts, including earthenware shards, fishing hooks, etc. The rocky rias coast of Iwate Prefecture was densely settled from the early through late Jōmon period. In particular, the deeply indented Ōfunato Bay area was a rich fishing ground and is the location of 16 known Jōmon-period shell middens, a number of which have been designated National Historic Sites. The Ōhora Shell Midden dates from the late Jōmon period, and is located at an elevation of 31 meters above the present sea level, on a small peninsula on the east side of the bay.

The European rabbit is widespread in both Great Britain, Ireland and most islands, except for Isles of Scilly, Rùm, Tiree, and some small Scottish islands, such as Gunna, Sanday, and most of the Treshnish Isles. It was likely first brought to Britain by the Normans after the 1066 conquest of England, as there are no pre-Norman British allusions to the animal. The rabbit was nonetheless scarce or absent throughout most of England a short time afterwards, as warrens are not mentioned in the Domesday Book or any other 11th century documents. Rabbits became well known, but not necessarily accepted members of British fauna between the 12th-13th centuries, with the first real evidence of their presence consisting of a number of bones from the midden of Rayleigh Castle, which was occupied from the 11th-13th centuries.

The numbers and types of non-human bones at the mound were typical of Archaic shell middens in the region, as was the number of antler pieces, although tools made of human bone were unusually numerous. At least three different processes were used to produce fishhooks from bones: some had been made from deer toes; some from bird bones of all sizes, a technique common at Kentucky shell middens; and a few by drilling large bones. Carlston Annis was the first Kentucky shell midden at which fishhooks made by this technique were found, although evidence of this technique is plentiful at the later Fort Ancient-period Madisonville Site near Cincinnati. Numerous animal bones appear to have been used as ceremonial "medicine bags," which in later centuries were often made by skinning an animal without removing some of the bones.

An Aboriginal presence in the Djangadi lands has been attested archaeologically to go back at least 4,000 years, according to the analysis of the materials excavated at the Clybucca midden, a site which the modern-day descendants of the Djangadi and Gumbaynggirr claim territory. In the Clybucca area are ancient camp sites with shell beds in the form of mounds which are up to high. Middens are attested in the Macleay Valley, together with remnants of a fish trap in the Limeburners Creek Nature Reserve and, just slightly north of Crescent Head, at Richardsons Crossing, there is a bora ring. White intrusion on the Djangadi lands first took off as mostly ex-convict cedar cutters, based at a camp at Euroka Creek established by Captain A. C. Innes in 1827, began exploring the rich resources of the area in the late 1820s.

The oldest reliable date for dog remains found in mainland Southeast Asia is from Vietnam at 4,000 years YBP, and in island southeast Asia from Timor-Leste at 3,000 YBP. The earliest dingo remains in the Torres Straits date to 2,100 YBP. In New Guinea, the earliest dog remains date to 2,500–2,300 YBP from Caution Bay near Port Moresby, but no ancient New Guinea singing dog remains have been found. The earliest dingo skeletal remains in Australia are estimated at 3,450 YBP from the Mandura Caves on the Nullarbor Plain, south-eastern Western Australia; 3,320 YBP from Woombah Midden near Woombah, New South Wales; and 3,170 YBP from Fromme's Landing on the Murray River near Mannum, South Australia. Dingo bone fragments were found in a rock shelter located at Mount Burr, South Australia, in a layer that was originally dated 7,000-8,500 YBP.

There was a legislative body, the Stadsgemeenteraad; however, its membership was not proportional, with 8 seats for the Europeans, 1 seat for the Chinese, and only 2 seats for the natives who form the majority of the people. The birth of Salatiga was accompanied by the world economic depression of the 1930s, so the development of the city was halted, and to solve the increase of the city's spending, the salaries of government officials were cut by up to 15%. Salatiga had an important economic role as a hinterland to Semarang, providing products from coffee, rubber, cacao, cotton, spices, tobacco, wheat and vegetable plantations to Semarang to be processed. Supported by geographical factors, its cool climate, and its luxurious buildings with Indies architecture, Salatiga's beauty was well known during the Dutch colonisation, even it was called De Schoonste Stad van Midden-Java (The Most Beautiful City in Central Java).

There are no formal records either of such a burial or of the birth of the child; however, the discovery of the grave lends greater credence to the story. Also found on the grounds of the house were the remains of the foundation of a tobacco barn, known to have burned in 1826,Francisco mentions the loss of a year's tobacco crop in a letter of that year to the Virginia General Assembly, in which he uses it as justification in asking for back military pension pay to be paid him. as well as some bits of ash and a large collection of nails and nail fragments. Excavations on and around the property also turned up the foundation and cellar of an old ice house, later used as a midden; the foundation of another small building, whose purpose remains uncertain; and a small spring associated through oral tradition with Peter Francisco.

That same year Governor Douglas issued a land and settlement proclamation for the Koumox Valley, intending to divert new settlers away from the Victoria area as well as from the newly discovered Cariboo gold fields. He offered land in the valley for $1 per acre and free transportation to the area.HMS Grappler, shown here in later service as a packet steamer. brought the first settlers to the Comox Valley in 1862 Although some unofficial settlers had arrived in previous years, the first government-approved settlers arrived in 1862 aboard . Scottish immigrant James Robb, age 44, and his son William realized that the shoreline along the former K'ómoks fishing village and the Great Comox Midden was sheltered from the prevailing south east winds by the sandy hook of the Goose Spit, and would be the only place between the Courtenay River and the Spit suitable for landing supplies.

The rocky ria coast of Iwate Prefecture was densely settled from the early through late Jōmon period, and the locations of such coastal settlements are often marked by shell middens containing the remains of shellfish, fish, animal and whale bones and human-produced artifacts, including earthenware shards, fishing hooks, etc. The rocky ria coast of Iwate Prefecture was densely settled from the early through late Jōmon period, and the locations of such coastal settlements are often marked by shell middens containing shellfish, fish, animal and whale bones and human-produced artifacts, including earthenware shards, fishing hooks, etc. The Nakzawahama Shell Midden is located near the tip of Hirota Peninsula at the western slope of Omoriyama mountain, at an elevation of between five and twenty meters from the present-day coastline. A preliminary survey was conducted in 1907-1908, at which time 23 sets of human remains were also discovered.

In the middle of the route there is a connection with the Noordvliet from Maassluis. In Schipluiden, the Gaag and Lierwatering merge to form the Vlaardingervaart. Just downstream from this merger of waterways is a Tram Bridge from 1912, from the former tramway connection Westlandsche Stoomtramweg-Maatschappij (1880-1943). Vlaardingervaart at its most southern end, near the Delftseveerweg, former "Strontenburg" neighbourhood in Vlaardingen On 2 June 2019, a statue of the Dutch painter Johan Jongkind made by Dutch sculptor Rob Houdijk was revealed in the Duifpolder between Maassluis and Vlaardingen, alongside the Vlaardingertrekvaart canal, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth. Streekhistorie: Johan Barthold Jongkind is terug in Midden-Delfland Johan Barthold Jongkind schittert in de polder At this spot, Jongkind must have made preparatory sketches of the Rechthuis van Zouteveen for one of his later etching ‘Les deux barques à voile’ from 1862.

In the 1960s, regional interests proposed the construction of the Cross Wabash Valley Waterway, which would have required extensive construction projects along the river in order to make it more accessible to riverine shipping. Before the project was cancelled, the Corps arranged with the University of Illinois to conduct a field survey of the river valley. Under the direction of Robert Clouse, surveyors discovered the Bieker-Wilson Site in 1972, and further study was performed one year later by Southern Illinois University scholar Ronald Pulcher. While neither survey conducted any excavations, simple observation of the site and collection of artifacts from the surface has shown it to have been a significant settlement at one time: a portion of the site slightly less than in area has soil much darker in color than the rest of the field, which the surveyors interpreted as evidence of a substantial midden in the darkened area.

Mouth of Quebrada Tiliviche and (bottom) the ruins of Pisagua Viejo According to Francisco Riso Patrón, and stated in Diccionario Geográfico de las Provincias de Tacna y Tarapacá, the name Pisagua has a quechua origin, meaning "place of scarce water": Pis - scarce, agua - water. Pisagua was founded in 1611 after an edict by the Viceroy of Peru which established a base from which it could be possible to stem the illegal traffic of gold and silver flowing from the important mines of Potosí and Oruro, in the Highlands of the "Audiencia of Charcas", to the British and Dutch pirates operating in the Corregimiento de Arica. Thus, Pisagua became a minor port, subjected to the major Port of San Marcos de Arica. This settlement, known today as 'Pisagua Viejo' (Old Pisagua) developed at the south side of the Quebrada Tiliviche, on part of an extensive ancient midden deposit.

The earliest winepresses discovered to date in the Southern Levant were excavated adjoining the governor's residency at Tel Aphek, dated to the 13th century BC, the reign of Ramesses II. The two winepresses were plastered and possessed two treading floors (Hebrew: gat elyonah, “upper vat”) in parallel configuration extending over 6 m². Beneath and next to these, the stone-lined plastered collection vats (Hebrew: gat tahtonah, “lower vat”) could each store over 3 m³, or 3,000 litres, of pressed grape juice. Canaanite amphorae were recovered still in situ at the bottom of each pit, while a midden of grape skins, seeds and other debris was discovered adjacent to the installations [Kochavi 1981:81]. The excavator has drawn attention to the proximity of these winepresses to the Residency, their large size and the fact that ancient winepresses were normally located outside settlements amongst the vineyards suggesting that the Egyptian administration supervised the viniculturists of the Sharon closely [Kochavi 1990:XXIII].

A new Comox school was built in 1927 to replace the one on Anderton Road, and the Little River and Knob Hill schools. The Comox 9 hole Golf Course opened as a private course in 1928 and later as a public course in 1934, a course which continues in use to this day. In 1929, R.J. ("Bob") Filberg, manager and superintendent of the giant Comox Logging and Railway Company, and his wife Florence commissioned master builder William Haggarty to build a rustic summer lodge on top of a part of the Great Comox Midden on the shores of Comox Bay. The resulting structure incorporated local stone and timber, as well as a native petroglyph and British naval cannonballs. Although the lodge was intended only as a summer residence, the Filbergs were so entranced by it that they made it their full-time residence in 1935, and continued to add outbuildings and gardens on the grounds.

Mpu, from the collection of the Brooklyn Museum Mpu, from the collection of the Brooklyn Museum Mpu, from the collection of the Textile Museum Washington, D.C. Mpu, from the collection of the Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika The mpu was a supple knotted cap of golden raffia or pineapple fiber and a vital component of the chief's regalia, which also included a kinzembe mesh tunic, a woven chest bag, a charm bag (nkisi), a reliquary basket, the double bell, and a stool. For Kongo, Vili, Yombe, Mbundu, and related peoples in northern Angola and the region formerly known as the Lower Congo, the mpu signified the authority invested in a person elected to an office of sacred leadership. Moraga writes that "it was also a potent cosmological symbol connecting the chief (mfumu), the kin group, and the village to a mythic place of origin as well as a specific territorial domain (nsi)." There are several types of mpu hats.

Physical evidence of this is extant in the form of a midden behind blocks of flats between Onslow Avenue and Billyard Avenue. Elizabeth Bay House has representative associations with John Verge, the most fashionable architect in NSW during the 1830s and the artist Conrad Martens who executed views of the house and other commissions for members of the extended Macleay family. The house has associations with NSW high Victorian architect, George Allen Mansfield, who designed the portico, architect C. C. Phillips who provided designs for the conversion of the house into flats in the 1940s and conservation architect Clive Lucas who supervised the restoration and adaption of the house in 1972-76. The house has associations with the NSW Jewish community as it was the home of George Michaelis and his family, one of a number of prominent Jewish families which resided in villas in the vicinity of Elizabeth Bay, which was noted as within walking distance of the Great Synagogue.

Decentralised systems are intricately linked to the idea of self- organisation—a phenomenon in which local interactions between components of a system establish order and coordination to achieve global goals without a central commanding influence. The rules specifying these interactions emerge from local information and in the case of biological (or biologically- inspired) agents, from the closely linked perception and action system of the agents. These interactions continually form and depend on spatio-temporal patterns, which are created through the positive and negative feedback that the interactions provide. For example, recruitment in the foraging behaviour of ants relies on the positive feedback of the ant finding food at the end of a pheromone trail while ants' task-switching behaviour relies on the negative feedback of making antennal contact with a certain number of ants (for example, a sufficiently low encounter rate with successful foragers can cause a midden worker to switch to foraging, although other factors like food availability can affect the threshold for switching).

This suggests that hunter-gatherers could also have settled down in Scotland. Other sites on the east coast and at lochs and rivers, and large numbers of rock shelters and shell middens around the west coast and islands, build up a picture of highly mobile people, often using sites seasonally and having boats for fishing and for transporting stone tools from sites where suitable materials were found. Finds of flint tools on Ben Lawers and at Glen Dee (a mountain pass through the Cairngorms) show that these people were capable of travelling well inland across the hills. At a rock shelter and shell midden at Sand, Applecross in Wester Ross facing Skye, excavations have shown that around 7500 BC people had tools of bone, stone and antlers, were living off shellfish, fish, and deer using "pot-boiler" stones as a cooking method, were making beads from seashells, and had ochre pigment and used shellfish which can produce purple dye.

Quilter 1985; 1991 An adult (burial 2) and the remains of an infant (burial 3) were found next to the south exterior wall of Unit I; the infant was wrapped in textiles dated to the Ceramic Period. Another adult (burial 1) was found on the west side of Unit I and a young infant (burial 4) was found at the base of the south wall of the west wing of Unit I. The final adult (burial 5) was found on the north side of Unit V. The burials generally appear to intrude into occupation midden deposits, and researchers have determined it difficult to make particular inferences from them; only noting that in later Andean periods, child burials were often associated with fertility rituals. Unit II produced a variety of remains, including cloth and textile fragments, and other domestic refuse. Unit IV produced almost exclusively food remains, and no other artifacts of consequence were found.

The earliest evidence for foxtail millet in Southeast Asia comes from various sites in the Khao Wong Prachan Valley in central Thailand, with the site at providing the earliest date with direct AMS dating to around 2300 BC. The earliest evidence for foxtail millet in East Siberia comes from the archaeological site at Krounovka 1 in Primorsky Krai, dating to around 3620–3370 BC. The earliest direct evidence for foxtail millet in Korea come from Dongsam-dong Shell Midden, a Jeulmun site in southern Korea, with a direct AMS date of around 3,360 BC. In Japan, the earliest evidence for foxtail millet comes from the Jōmon site at Usujiri in Hokkaido, dating to around 4,000 BP. Foxtail millet arrived in Europe later; carbonized seeds first appear in the second millennium BC in central Europe. The earliest definite evidence for its cultivation in the Near East is at the Iron Age levels at Tille Hoyuk in Turkey, with an uncorrected radiocarbon date of about 600 BC.

Twelve midden sites and one camping/meeting place have been identified and archaeological excavations have revealed the environmental change and evolution of the area over time and the development of techniques used by the Aboriginal people to hunt and gather available resources. Alongside Burrill Lake rock shelter (which is of similar antiquity), Bass Point is considered to be one of the most significant Aboriginal archaeological sites to be excavated in NSW. Official European settlement in the Illawarra region and on Bass Point Reserve, started from 1817 with the division of land and the establishment of agriculture and industry. The development of basalt mining on the point saw the growth of shipping in the region but, due to the hazardous conditions of the new transport route, a number of ships were wrecked off the Bass Point coastline - the Bertha (1879); Our Own (1880); Alexander Berry (1901); Comboyne (1920); Kiltobranks (1924); and the Cities Service Boston (1943).

In 1930 the museum sponsored an extensive series of archaeological excavations of the Marpole Midden which was one of the most important archaeological sites on the Pacific Northwest Coast but was also an unceded ancestral territory of the Musqueam First Nation and was where the village of c̓əsnaʔəm (Musqueam Marpole Village Site) had been located. The outcome of this has been dealt with in the award-winning exhibition c̓əsnaʔəm, the city before the city, a joint project between the Musqueam Indian Band, the Museum of Vancouver and the Museum of Anthropology. In 1957 the public library which shared the Carnegie building with the museum moved to a new dedicated building in Burrard Street tripling the available storage and display space for the museum and in 1959 the museum was incorporated into the City Council and became a city department under the control of a Civic Museum Board. A report was commissioned on the future of the museum (the Heinrich Report of 1965) and this recommended the building of a new museum on the south shore of False Creek near the Burrard Bridge.

The well- preserved food remains excavated from village midden provides for a detailing of a diversified and generalized subsistence strategy rather that a more focal strategy employed by the inhabitants. The remains included resources from the upland and bottomland forest, river shoals, and agricultural practices on the fertile floodplain, and included maize, squash, sumpweed, sunflower, maypops, grapes, persimmons, acorns, hickory nuts, grass seeds and greens as floral resources, as well, as faunal resources such as deer, rabbits, squirrels, raccoons, beaver, turkey and riverine foods including turtle, catfish, gar, sucker and bass. The excavations conducted at Beaverdam Creek have helped to clarify two important categories of study in Mississippian period chiefdoms, namely how is a chiefdom quantified and what were subsistence strategies employed by a chiefdom once it has been quantified? The exchange of earthlodges for structures atop platform mounds coupled with Burial 2 and the inclusion of children argues for the emergence of the site as a stratified chiefdom, and the floral and faunal evidence indicate a highly diversified subsistence strategy.

Subfossil deposits and midden remains reveal that the huia was once widespread in both lowland and montane native forest throughout the North Island, extending from the northernmost tip at Cape ReingaTennyson and Martinson 2006 to Wellington and the Aorangi Range in the far south. Only a few huia are known from the extensive pitfall deposits in the karst of the Waitomo Caves area and they are also rare or absent in fossil deposits in the central North Island and Hawke's Bay; it seems to have preferred habitats that are not well sampled by the deposits known at present. The huia vanished from the northern and western North Island following Māori settlement in the 14th century, due to over-hunting, forest clearance, and introduced kiore preying on nests.Holdaway, Worthy 2002:556 By the time of European settlement in the 1840s it was only found south of a line from the Raukumara Range in the east, across the Kaimanawa Range, to the Turakina River in the Rangitikei in the west.

There are seven distinct cultural phases determined by McBurney from these excavated layers. Cultural remnants of this site in the uppermost layer include hearths with shallow depressions that were most likely used for cooking fires and midden deposits. The original carbon dates from McBurney's excavation were obtained from samples of wood charcoal and bone fragments. Many original samples from McBurney's excavation and material from the most recent excavations were evaluated and confirmed by using several recent dating techniques during the CPP. The first and earliest phase had the flake and blade artifacts which date back to 80 to 65,000 years ago (80-65 kya). The second phase from 19 to 28 feet deep contained the Levalloiso-Mousterian flints dated from 65 to 40 kya with current dating techniques suggest these finds are closely dated from 73 to 43 kya. At the depth of 23 feet a modern human mandible was discovered which date between 73 and 65 kya. Abundant evidence of the Levalloiso-Mousterian blade industry is found during the second stage of climactic change shows that there is no established tradition in blade making among these people during this time.

In 1900, Martin Gusinde joined the missionary order Divine Word Missionaries. He began higher studies in 1905 in St. Gabriel in Mödling, near Vienna. After ordination in 1911, Gusinde went to Chile. He worked as a teacher from 1912 to the end of 1913 and subsequently at the Ethnographic Museum in Santiago de Chile with Max Uhle until 1922, becoming a head of department in 1918.Charuty, Giordana (2019), Sentir avec eux et comme eux. Le primitivisme de Martin Gusinde (Selk’nam et Yamana de Patagonie, 1918-1924), in André Mary & Gaetano Ciarcia (dir.), Ethnologie en situation missionnaire, Les Carnets de Bérose n° 12, Paris: Bérose - Encyclopédie internationale des histoires de l’anthropologie / BEROSE - International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology, pp. 32-81. Martin Gusinde on the Indigenous Midden, Pichilemu, 1917 Gusinde undertook four research journeys to Tierra del Fuego between the end of 1918 and 1924. The objective was to explore the different groups of Tierra del Fuegan Indians, the Yamana and Selk'nam (also known as Ona), who had been displaced by immigrants and severely depleted by imported diseases for which they lacked natural resistance.