574 Sentences With "fringing" | Random Sentence Generator

I thought the suede coat with silver fringing was amazing.

"Modern fringing has taken a fresh look on present furnishings," she added.

But much of that is still incidental fringing hanging off the Skywalker plotline.

Still, look at all the chromatic fringing (the purple stuff) where foilage meets sky.

Including giving the edge of what should be some skin a kind of fabric-style fringing.

Everywhere from Governors Ball to Benicàssim is a throbbing, homogenous sea of fringing and flower crowns.

It snapped some bad photos consistently full of chromatic fringing, and also stitched together a meh timelapse.

It shattered our front window, glass fringing the tree limb like a body outline in a murder scene.

Even his usual crystal-covered jersey dresses and a finale of lavish black fringing had a protective mien.

This process is referred to as "chromatic aberration," or "color fringing," and is a well-known concept among photographers.

The resulting collection — sculptural earrings with teardrop pearls and diamond croissants lined with yellow gold fringing — more than meets that goal.

Michele's maximalist trademarks were all there: jewel-encrusted insects, bug-like sunglasses, neon-hemmed lace slips and plaid-on-fringing-on-sequins.

Its large 42mm lens made from ED Glass gives you a clear and sharp image with hardly any fringing from edge-to-edge.

Rousteing's Balmain Army was dressed mostly in a monochrome palette that was embellished and adorned with fringing, sequins, ribbed leather, gold chains, and beading.

"As light hits the surface of a lens, it bends in proportion to its wavelength, and that's why you see the fringing," he explained.

Accordingly, the collection includes puff-sleeved blouses rendered in black PVC, shimmering silver bags trimmed with beaded fringing and single earrings shaped like darts.

"As we flew up and down the Big Bend, we could see this band of dead trees, always fringing a salt marsh," Putz says.

The most noticeable issue comes in around the edges of characters and objects where you can see a clear checkerboard pattern and rainbow color fringing.

There's some color fringing along the borders that remind you the prints are on instant film, but other than that, the prints are just...wow.

By simulating what the octopus sees, they concluded that the eye design of cephalopods almost exclusively favors color fringing over other visual benefits, such as acuity.

Stevie's unique look, all long blonde hair and floaty fabrics and slinky fringing, may lend itself to drag, but it's also made her a bohemian style icon.

Most of the women and girls interviewed for the report said they are tasked with the "finishing touches" of a garment: embroidery, tasseling, fringing, beadwork and buttons.

In the shot of the trees below, taken with an unnamed competitor's lens, you can see purple fringing — also known as chromatic aberration — around the edges of the leaves.

Image quality is the poorest compared to Moment and Olloclip — photos are softer on the edges and there's more noticeable color fringing, but that's to be expected from plastic lenses.

Here, Nahui is shot at close range, looking directly into the camera, her cropped hair unevenly fringing her face, and her eyes expressing an air of melancholy, or perhaps defiance.

But through argument and anecdote Mr Thomas shows that mix-and-match "novel" ecosystems, such as the unprecedentedly cosmopolitan forests now fringing Lake Maggiore on the Swiss-Italian border, have copious charms.

There were rubber boots with drawstring nylon tops and massive pleather coats with faux-fur cuffs and thick bustiers and iridescent fringing and watercolor florals — much of it at the same time.

Fringing some 71,000 square km (27,000 square miles) of Australia's rocky southern coastline, this "biological powerhouse" harbors thousands of species of fish, crustaceans, mollusks and other marine invertebrates found nowhere else on Earth.

At longer zoom lengths, you're more likely to suffer from color fringing, a complication the Mark VI corrects for with the two lens elements, a pair of low-dispersion elements designed to suppress chromatic aberration.

If you look really closely you'll see some fringing on the edges around finer details like hair strands, but it's pretty close to what the iPhone 7 Plus and 8 Plus achieve with a secondary camera.

The dress, in the "Second Skin" section, "is made of a light and supple synthetic fabric which is easy to wear, and the 'Charleston' effect of the fringing reveals the limbs in motion," Mr. Noisette said.

There were also more feminine flourishes via floral print dresses and puff-sleeve blouses; touches of Americana came in the form of Clueless-esque yellow plaid, Stetson hats, classic denim, cow-print crop tops, and cowgirl fringing.

Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu, along with environmentalists and urban planners, says the canal fringing Istanbul will turn the city of 15 million people into a "construction site" for years and destroy ecosystems vital for marine animals and migratory birds.

AMMAN (Reuters) - Jordan's King Abdullah paid his first visit on Monday to an enclave fringing the country's northern border with Israel, a day after the expiry of a 25-year special regime that allowed Israeli farmers access to the area, official sources said.

There's no real cost to using it, the image quality isn't degraded and the rest of my colors are left untouched (obviously there's some fringing and imperfections in the sample photo I provide, but that's why it's a slider and not a binary toggle).

In 90-degree Tuscan heat, boys and girls drifted past in high ruffled necklines and heavy-duty felt military coats covered in rich brocade, kitschy brown double-G emblazoned PVC and fur striped jackets and oversize white shearling leather bombers with fringing on the arms.

The result walked a thin line between provocation and practicality, at least for the most part (eyelash fringing on the cocktail slips and a paint-splatter quasi-floral lost its balance), suggesting the beginnings of a new shape, literally, for the old idea of power dressing.

Those kerchiefs topped off a tan leather suit pleated to resemble corrugated cardboard; stapled leather trousers; oversize, yetilike knits; decaying rose prints in felted Chantilly lace; suits and slip dresses dangling diamanté charms; and black silks finished in multicolored ostrich fringing and speckled with appliquéd flowers.

Political time now lags behind geological time: If we don't take dramatic steps to prepare for the rising seas, hundreds of millions could be displaced from their homes by the end of the century, and the infrastructure fringing the coast, valued in the trillions of dollars, could be lost.

Meanwhile, Cesare Casadei, "inspired by the freedom and craziness" of the Studio 54 era, showcased boogie-infused designs that found their footing in a series of sturdy block-heeled designs with a contemporary kick, like a flared heel velour lace-up, chunky magenta-pink ankle boots, or multicolored fur fringing that added a tinge of folksy flair to sandals.

Over at Furla, which recently reported a 23 percent sales spike in 2015, underscoring the current booming demand for so-called accessible luxury, heels had been embedded with fragments that looked as if they came from a shattered disco ball, while bags channeled groupie chic, awash with fringing, Navajo straps, psychedelic kaleidoscopic patterns and scattered gold studs.

Fringing reef Fringing reef at Eilat at the southern tip of Israel A fringing reef, also called a shore reef, is directly attached to a shore,Fringing Reefs (Shore Reefs) at www.pmfias.com. Retrieved 2 Feb 2018. or borders it with an intervening narrow, shallow channel or lagoon. It is the most common reef type.

Diagram of a fringing coral reef There are two main components that make up a fringing reef, the reef flat and the reef slope.

Fringing coral reefs extend along much of the coast, extending .5 to 2 km from the shore on the narrow continental shelf. Fringing reefs extend along the coasts of Kenya and Tanzania as far as the Ruvuma River, which forms the Tanzania-Mozambique boundary. The fringing reefs are interrupted by major river mouths, including the Tana and Athi rivers in Kenya and the Rufiji in Tanzania.

It grows on clayey soils, and is found fringing saltlakes and salty depressions.

Fringing reef growth and morphology: a review. Earth-Science Reviews. 57:255-277.

The very big corals seen today surrounding the lagoons are originally the fringing reefs.

Dramatic tectonic uplift of fringing reefs on Ranongga Is., Solomon Islands. Coral Reefs 26:983.

Sometimes it is hard to tell the difference between fringing reefs and another type of reef called a barrier reef. One of the ways that these two types of reefs are separated is based on the depth of the lagoon in the back reef. Barrier reefs have at least some deep portions; fringing reefs do not. Another major difference is that barrier reefs tend to be much farther away from shore than fringing reefs.

Like the fringing reef itself, they run parallel to the coast. The fringing reefs of the Red Sea are "some of the best developed in the world" and occur along all its shores except off sandy bays.Hanauer, Eric. The Egyptian Red Sea: A Diver's Guide.

Fringing forest is made up of a mix of Corymbia papuana, Eucalyptus tectifica and Eucalyptus microtheca.

The Bazaruto Archipelago is home to fringing reefs and patch reefs made up of soft and hard corals. High thickets of Porites and Acropora hard corals grow in the archipelago's sheltered back reefs. Fringing reefs are also found at Inhaca and Portuguese Islands near Maputo Bay.

The fringing reefs that lie at all three corners are up to wide and uncovered at low tide.

Namuka lies off the southern shore of Epi Island and has white-sand beaches and a fringing coral reef.

A fringing reef off the coast of Eilat, Israel A fringing reef is one of the three main types of coral reef recognized by most coral reef scientists. It is distinguished from the other main types (barrier reefs and atolls) in that it has either an entirely shallow backreef zone (lagoon) or none at all. If a fringing reef grows directly from the shoreline (see photo, right) the reef flat extends right to the beach and there is no backreef. In other cases (e.g.

In older fringing reefs, whose outer regions pushed far out into the sea, the inner part is deepened by erosion and eventually forms a lagoon.Ghiselin, Michael T. The Triumph of the Darwinian Method. Berkeley, University of California, 1969, p. 22. Fringing reef lagoons can become over 100 metres wide and several metres deep.

A fringing reef surrounds the whole island, which makes local fishing and transport into and out of the island difficult.

Zone Z The final zone indicates a much poorer fringing forest and a reduced shift of vegetation growth at the time.

Thomas and Goudie list four "principal large-scale coral reef types" – the fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll and table reefThomas David S.G. and Andrew Goudie (eds.) (2000), The Dictionary of Physical Geography, 3rd edn., Oxford, Blackwell, p. 403. . – while Spalding et al. list five "main types" – the fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll, "bank or platform reef" and patch reef.

Unguja Island has a fringing reef along its eastern shore and extending around the southern and northern tips of the island. Mafia Island has a fringing reef along its eastern shore which extends south to the Songo Songo Islands.Nyawira Muthiga, Lionel Bigot and Agneta Nilsson (1998). "East Africa: Coral reef programs of eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean".

Much of the fringing reef is above water at high tide. It supported a beacon in 1984. It also has guano deposits.

The original specimens were found at depth on the fringing coral reef. Species of Felimare feed on sponges of the family Dysideidae.

Island with fringing reef in the Maldives. Coral reefs are dying around the world.Coral reefs around the world Guardian.co.uk, 2 September 2009.

Surrounding the Tobago Cays are several shallow fringing reefs around the islands, and a major bank-barrier reef known as Horseshoe Reef. Other major reefs in the park include World's End Reef, Egg Reef and Mayreau Gardens. The fringing reefs around Mayreau and the Mayreau Gardens reef are considered to be the most biodiverse and healthy, with Horseshoe Reef and the reef around Petit Tabac being the next richest. Finally, the World's End and Egg reef, as well as the other fringing reefs are considered to be the most degraded and least diverse in the park.

The refractor, at Yerkes Observatory, the largest achromatic refractor ever put into astronomical use (photo taken on 6 May 1921, as Einstein was visiting) Refractors suffer from residual chromatic and spherical aberration. This affects shorter focal ratios more than longer ones. A achromatic refractor is likely to show considerable color fringing (generally a purple halo around bright objects). A 16 has little color fringing.

Head The most distinctive feature of this species is its spatulate bill. The breeding adult bird is 14–16 cm in length, and has a red- brown head, neck and breast with dark brown streaks. It has blackish upperparts with buff and pale rufous fringing. Non-breeding adults lack the reddish colouration, but have pale brownish-grey upperparts with whitish fringing to the wing-coverts.

Types of Coral Reef Formations at coral.org. Retrieved 2 Feb 2018. Fringing reefs follow coastlines and can extend for many kilometres.McClanahan, C.R.C. Sheppard and D.O. Obura.

In terms of aberrations, the lens exhibits noticeable vignetting when used wide-open on full frame cameras, this is significantly reduced when used on a cropped sensor or when the lens is stopped down. The lens also generates purple fringing in high-contrast lighting, with subjects such as chrome, water, and black-and-white scenes.Photozone Default Canon 85mm f/1.8 Purple Fringing These aberrations are corrected by some cameras.

It grows in seasonally wet areas, swamps, and fringing watercourses from Nannup to Albany. It flowers in spring and early summer in a greyish head of multiple spikelets.

Mundoo (Dhivehi: މުންޑޫ) is one of the inhabited islands of Haddhunmati Atoll (code letter "Laamu"). It is located in the long reef fringing the eastern side of Haddummati.

Prauserella coralliicola is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Prauserella which has been isolated from the coral Galaxea fascicularis from the Luhuitou fringing reef in China.

In contrast sediments entering the ocean from the marsh creeks of East Coast USA and mangroves fringing the South China Sea generally have moderate sedimentary Hg (<0.5 mg/kg).

Other towns and villages fringing the park include Whaley Bridge, Hadfield, Tintwistle, Darley Dale and Wirksworth in Derbyshire, Stocksbridge in South Yorkshire and Marsden and Holmfirth in West Yorkshire.

This species is found in shadow on laterite at an altitude of 120 m in Cameroon, and in the fringing forest of the rain- forest in the Central African Republic.

The island, one of the Palm Islands group, is about north-east of Townsville, off the Queensland coast. Its area is about and it is surrounded by a fringing reef.

The species is similar to Acropora echinata and Acropora navini, and is found in fringing reefs, the slopes of shallow reefs, and sandy slopes. It grows to a size of .

Lataro lies a few kilometers in Shark Bay off the eastern coast of Espiritu Santo. Lataroa has a nice white sand beach with some fringing reef on the western side.

This fish is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and the Johnston Atoll, and is found down to depths of at least . Its habitats include coastal fringing reefs, outer reefs and lagoons.

A fringing reef circumscribes the atoll. There are two openings into the ocean. It almost encompasses a large lagoon. The lagoon itself is in length and is more than in width.

Godel Iceport is an iceport about wide, which marks a more-or-less permanent indentation in the seaward front of the extensive ice shelf fringing the coast of Queen Maud Land.

A characteristic are the fringing fields under-stretched with ropes, which possess a span of 264 meters on the south side. Hence this could be done without columns in the valley slopes.

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved on 9 November. Wind-borne clay, silt and sand have formed accompanying low fringing dunes, known as lunettes, around the lake.

Its fringing roots grow on these joints. L. montana has few branches. Its leaves always grow in pairs and almost have no petiole. The size and shape of its leaves vary a lot.

Waterlemon Cay is a small cay surrounded by a fringing reef located in Leinster Bay on Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands. It is named after the water lemon. The cay is surrounded by a fringing reef, and is considered to be one of the best snorkeling spots on the island. A trail leads from the sandy beach at Leinster Bay approximately along the point, from which is a ten-minute swim to the cay, where there is a small beach.

Volcano with fringing reef, to barrier reef, and finally formation into a coral atoll Coral islands begin as a volcanic island over a hot spot. As the volcano emerges from the sea a fringing reef grows on the outskirt of the volcano. The volcano eventually moves off of the hot spot through a process known as plate tectonics. Once this occurs the volcano can no longer keep up with the erosion that is taking place due to the ocean and undergoes subsidence.

This filter works by taking all areas in a picture with the defined aberration color and reducing its saturation to zero. Since purple fringing, a common aberration type, is easiest to remove, purple is by default the aberration removal color. Optical aberrations, such as red/cyan fringing, are more difficult to remove and often must be cloned out in order to remove them completely. Sharpening In the Sharpening filter, sliders allow for the sharpening of both small details and edges.

Darwin's theory followed from his understanding that coral polyps thrive in the clean seas of the tropics where the water is agitated, but can only live within a limited depth of water, starting just below low tide. Where the level of the underlying land stays the same, the corals grow around the coast to form what he called fringing reefs, and can eventually grow out from the shore to become a barrier reef. Where the land is rising, fringing reefs can grow around the coast, but coral raised above sea level dies and becomes white limestone. If the land subsides slowly, the fringing reefs keep pace by growing upwards on a base of dead coral, and form a barrier reef enclosing a lagoon between the reef and the land.

The island is known to have a rich ecosystem, with forest and scrub; and extensive fringing reefs. The islet is also home to a major seabird rookery, turtle nesting area and a few mangroves.

The outermost square has three ragged edges, similar to fringing. The center of the flag is sometimes defaced to commemorate a specific concept or personality. Historically, some imperial and military ensigns followed a similar pattern.

The forelimbs are slender. The fingers have weak dermal fringes. The toes have thick webbing and extensive dermal fringing reaching to their tips. Dorsal coloration consists of a light gray background and dark gray spots.

Measured capacitance between plate combinations is used to reconstruct 2D images (tomograms) of material distribution. In ECT, the fringing field from the edges of the plates is viewed as a source of distortion to the final reconstructed image and is thus mitigated by guard electrodes. ECVT exploits this fringing field and expands it through 3D sensor designs that deliberately establish an electric field variation in all three dimensions. The image reconstruction algorithms are similar in nature to ECT; nevertheless, the reconstruction problem in ECVT is more complicated.

Water milfoil grows abundantly in the lake. The fringing zone around the edge is characterised by the introduced bulrush Typha orientalis and the sedge Baumea articulata. When water levels drop, the club-rush Bolboschoenus caldwellii becomes established on the exposed mudflats within the fringing zone, while behind it is a belt of Baumea juncea and Baumea articulata with emergent native broom and shrubs of orange wattle. Behind these is a belt of the trees flooded gum and stout paperbark, and the shrub grey stinkwood.

One eye (left, amber filter) receives the cross-spectrum colour information and one eye (right, blue filter) sees a monochrome image designed to give the depth effect. The human brain ties both images together. Images viewed without filters will tend to exhibit light-blue and yellow horizontal fringing. The backwards compatible 2D viewing experience for viewers not wearing glasses is improved, generally being better than previous red and green anaglyph imaging systems, and further improved by the use of digital post-processing to minimise fringing.

Eastern shore of Lake Nunijup Lake Nunijup fringing vegetation Lake Nunijup is an ephemeral salt lake located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, approximately south west of Cranbrook and north west of Mount Barker.

Populonia is mentioned in Horatius, the poem by English author Lord Macaulay: "From seagirt Populonia,/Whose sentinels descry/Sardinia's snowy mountain-tops/Fringing the southern sky", although Macaulay wrongly wrote that Sardinia is visible from it.

Fringing stands of tall vegetation by water basins and rivers may include helophytes. Examples include stands of Equisetum fluviatile, Glyceria maxima, Hippuris vulgaris, Sagittaria, Carex, Schoenoplectus, Sparganium, Acorus, yellow flag (Iris pseudacorus), Typha and Phragmites australis.

Voyeykov Ice Shelf (), is an ice shelf fringing the coast between Paulding Bay and Cape Goodenough, Antarctica. Mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SovAE) (1958) and named after Aleksandr I. Voyeykov (1842–1916), a Russian climatologist.

Oneeke (also Oneaka) is the smaller of the two islands which form Kuria in the North Gilbert Islands. It is separated from Buariki, the larger island, by a narrow channel. A fringing reef extends from the island.

Fais Island is an oblong, oval-shaped raised coralline mass with a maximum elevation of , surrounded by a narrow lagoon and fringing reef except for its northeast and southwest extremities. It has a total land area of .

This large lake has six major wetland habitats and include: # Dry saline clay flats which are seasonally flooded; # Fringing saline flats on the edges of the lake floor covered by low samphire bushes; # Sandy beaches around the edge of the lake, supporting a woodland of beefwood, other grevilleas, sally wattle and ironwood (Acacia excelsa);Acacia excelsa Atlas of living Australia. Retrieved 13 March 2013. # Red dunes around the southern part of the lake with gidgee woodland; # Freshwater swamps behind the dunes, with coolabahs and; # Fringing areas of open wattle scrub in the saline flood zone.

Satellite image of Cargados Carajos The shoreline is principally basalt boulders cemented basally by beachrock. The peripheral fringing reefs are exposed to a considerable south- east swell; accumulated water flows with dangerous velocity through the pass between Le Chaland and Ile des Deux Cocos.Procter and Salm, 1974 The reefs are described by Sabn (1976). The western part of the bay has a coral bank and a fringing reef, dominated by staghorn Acropora, with an irregular front which merges with the coral banks; the reef flat has appreciable coral cover.

The fringing vegetation of the estuarine portion of the Kalgan River is dominated by the saltwater paperbark trees surrounded by dense stands of coastal saw sedge and shore rushes. The downstream freshwater parts of the river have a much greater variety of species, with a fringing forest that includes swamp paperbark, marri, jarrah, wattle and Western Australian peppermint trees. Further inland, species such as swamp yate, flooded gum and varieties of Banksia and Hakea are found. Parts of the riverbank that have been cleared support a variety of introduced weeds that are shallow rooted.

Part of the challenge of making a practical capacitive sensor is to design a set of printed circuit traces which direct fringing fields into an active sensing area accessible to a user. A parallel-plate capacitor is not a good choice for such a sensor pattern. Placing a finger near fringing electric fields adds conductive surface area to the capacitive system. The additional charge storage capacity added by the finger is known as finger capacitance, or CF. The capacitance of the sensor without a finger present is known as parasitic capacitance, or CP.

Plants indicated show a fringing forest that was poorly developed with a very open woodland. Within these woodland conditions, there seems to be an influence of evergreen elements that emerged. Zone Y Clark was able to date this zone to approximately 27,000 to 30,000 years ago, because conditions were comparable to those dated in European soils from this time. Evidence of an increase in rainfall and a temperature drop of 4.1 °C with a fringing forest that was well developed with the return of swamp plants is indicated in the pollen collected.

Off-axis electron holography is a particularly powerful approach since it permits quantitative visualization of nanoscale electric and magnetic fields, and we are using the technique to investigate the magnetization behavior and fringing fields associated with patterned nanostructures.

Laysan is the second largest single landmass in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, after Sand Island at Midway Atoll. Laysan was created by coral growth and geologic upshift.Rauzon 2001, p.100. The fringing reefs surrounding the island cover about .

It measures 15 km in length with a maximum width of 14 km. The reef fringing the atoll is continuous. There are no deep, navigable passes to reach the lagoon. Motutunga's lagoon has a surface of 126 km2.

This fish is found in the western and central Pacific Ocean. It ranges from the Great Barrier Reef in Australia to Fiji and Tonga. Adults are found in fringing coral reefs. This species is present at depths of .

The deeply trilobate lip is adnate to the column to its apex: the small lateral lobes are sickle-shaped, with slight fringing on the proximal edge, and the much larger central lobe is kidney-shaped at its apex.

It measures 5.3 km in length, with a maximum width of 3.2 km and a land area of 2.2 km2. Its shape is roughly square and its lagoon is totally enclosed by the fringing reef. Anuanuraro Atoll is uninhabited.

Lake Cairlocup is an ephemeral salt lake in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, approximately north-west of Jerramungup and south-east of Lake Grace. Fringing vegetation around the lake includes Hakea brachyptera, Lechenaultia acutiloba, Angianthus halophilus, and Goodenia salina.

Erskine Iceport (), also known as Erskine Bay or General Erskine Bay, is an iceport about wide and long, which marks a more-or-less permanent indentation extending southeast into the seaward front of the extensive ice shelf fringing Queen Maud Land.

In more exposed locations on the island it is replaced by the closely related flat tree oyster (Isognomon alatus). Lister's tree oyster is a constituent of the characteristic invertebrate fauna of the mangrove swamps fringing the southern part of Florida.

Pandora Reef is a low-lying island in addition to being an adjacent fringing reef. It is in Halifax Bay in Queensland, Australia. It is from the Greater Palm group. The name Pandora Reef dates back to at least 1889.

Images viewed without filters will tend to exhibit light-blue and yellow horizontal fringing. The backwards compatible 2D viewing experience for viewers not wearing glasses is improved, generally being better than previous red and green anaglyph imaging systems, and further improved by the use of digital post-processing to minimize fringing. The displayed hues and intensity can be subtly adjusted to further improve the perceived 2D image, with problems only generally found in the case of extreme blue. The blue filter is centered around 450 nm and the amber filter lets in light at wavelengths at above 500 nm.

The Gulf of Carpentaria is known to contain fringing reefs and isolated coral colonies, but no near-surface patch or barrier reefs exist in the Gulf at the present time.Veron, J.E.N., 2000. Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville.

LPPCHEA is composed of the Freedom Island in Parañaque and the Long Island in Las Piñas that covers 175 hectares and features a mangrove forest of eight species, tidal mudflats, secluded ponds with fringing salt-tolerant vegetation, a coastal lagoon, and a beach.

On fringing reefs in Barbados, species such as Diploria strigosa, Palythoa mamillosa, and Diadema antillarum are found. The reef crest's most common species is Porites porites, a type of stony coral, although there are also significant areas covered in flesh-like algae.

Fish abundance is greatest in the offshore area of the east coast fringing reef and in the deep-water areas off the northwest corner of GHL. Three sea turtle species occur around the island, the hawksbill turtle, green turtle, and leatherback turtle..

Toga Island is the most southern of the Torres Islands. The island's size is 6 km by 4.5 km. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is 104 meters. Toga is surrounded by a narrow fringing reef quickly dropping off into deep water.

Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 411: 61−71. .Tanaka Y, Ogawa H, Miyajima T (2011) "Production and bacterial decomposition of dissolved organic matter in a fringing coral reef". J Oceanogr, 67: 427−437. . The sponge holobiont is an example of the concept of nested ecosystems.

Bonaire is surrounded by fringing reefs. These consist of about 60 different coral species, including brain corals, elkhorn corals, fire corals and gorgonians. The reefs offer a variety of marine life. Some of the most common fish species are surgeonfish, parrotfish, reefperch and wrasses.

Off-loom stitches and fringing may also be used to add beads onto finished crochet work. Design considerations in bead crochet include the size of the yarn or weight to be used, the diameter of the beads, and the weight of the bead material.

Lizard Island beach Lizard Island is a granite island about 10 square kilometres in size, with three smaller islands nearby (Palfrey, South and Bird). Together these islands form the Lizard Island Group and their well- developed fringing reef encircles the 10 metre deep Blue Lagoon.

Severe purple fringing can be seen at the edges of the horse's forelock, mane, and ear. A wider-view context of the above cropped image, from a Fujifilm FinePix S5200 camera In photography (particularly digital photography), purple fringing (sometimes called PF) is the term for an unfocused purple or magenta "ghost" image on a photograph. This optical aberration is generally most visible as a coloring and lightening of dark edges adjacent to bright areas of broad-spectrum illumination, such as daylight or various types of gas- discharge lamps. Lenses in general exhibit axial chromatic aberration, in which different colors of light do not focus in the same plane.

Another NASA picture of Niau Atoll. Niau is a small atoll in French Polynesia, in the commune of Fakarava (Tuamotu archipelago). This atoll has a broad fringing reef, a diameter of 8 km and an area of 53 km². Niau's lagoon is swampy, hypersaline and entirely enclosed.

Acropora rudis is native to the northern Indian Ocean where it has a patchy distribution in Sri Lanka, the Seychelles, Bangladesh, Thailand and western Sumatra. It occurs on rocky fringing reefs, the edges of shallow reefs and the upper parts of submerged reefs, at depths between about .

The lens body has a plastic construction, including the lens mount. Generally, however, this version of the lens is soft and must be stopped down to gain acceptable sharpness. Barrel distortion becomes quite noticeable at the wide-angle setting and chromatic aberration (purple fringing) is common.

Females can reach about long, but are typically long and weigh ; males are slightly smaller at long and weighing . The carapace and abdomen are transversely banded with alternative red and white. The antennae are grayish brown. Brown pereiopods and pleopods are present with fringing setae in red.

Explorations that winter by second master, George F. McDougall, included McDougall Sound, the waterway to the north of Griffith Island. Griffith Island is , and in area. Since 1958, the southeast coast of Griffith Island has experienced uncommon change, from discontinuous flying spits to continuous fringing barriers.

They are usually formed from fringing reefs around volcanic islands. Over time, the island erodes away and sinks below sea level. Atolls may also be formed by the sinking of the seabed or rising of the sea level. A ring of reefs results, which enclose a lagoon.

Addu Atoll seen from space. Note the continuous reef fringing Addu from the west and southwest. Addu Atoll marks the southern end of the Maldive archipelago. Addu Atoll is long and it is fringed by broad barrier reefs with large islands on its eastern and western sides.

The island of Ranongga to the west of Gizo was uplifted by around 2.5 – 3 metres resulting in the death of its fringing reef and also opening massive fissures in the island itself. Reefs around Munda and Uepi were largely unaffected by the tsunami and earthquake.

The southern islands are limestone, with level terraces and fringing coral reefs. The northern islands are volcanic, with active volcanoes on Anatahan, Pagan and Agrihan. The volcano on Agrihan has the highest elevation at . About one-fifth of the land is arable; another tenth is pasture.

One of the camera's weaknesses, however, was manual shooting. Lacking aperture and shutter speed priority modes, the F10 was mostly a point and shoot camera. Other criticisms included the proprietary dongle needed to make any connections to the camera and a relatively high level of purple fringing.

Its coenosteum is bristly, making the species appear rough, and there are no similar species within genus Acropora. It occurs in tropical, shallow reefs; typically in fringing reefs and the slopes of other reefs, where many Acropora species occur. In this marine environment, it exists at between .

Zanzibar Archipelago, Zanzinet Forum: Where Zanzibaris Meet The island is about long and wide, with an area of . Unguja is mainly low lying, with its highest point being . Unguja is characterised by beautiful sandy beaches with fringing coral reefs. The reefs are rich in marine biodiversity.

Ctenophorus nguyarna, commonly known as the Lake Disappointment dragonWilson, S., Swan, G. (2013) A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia, New Holland Publishers, Sydney, New South Wales, is a species of agamid lizard occurring in low samphire shrubs fringing the remote Lake Disappointment in Western Australia.

The island lies on the sea route between South Africa and the northern tip of Madagascar. It is affected by strong currents and has become the site of numerous wrecks. Most visible are the remains of the which ran onto the southern fringing reef in 1911.

Eel-tailed catfish at Adelaide Zoo The eel-tailed catfish inhabits slow moving streams, lakes and ponds with fringing vegetation. It swims close to the sand or gravel bottoms. This species is more abundant in lakes than in flowing water. Though they are usually solitary, juveniles may form aggregations.

The thickets of closed scrub and low open forest fringing the lake are mostly populated by Casuarina obesa, Melaleuca strobophylla and Disphyma crassifolium, with Melaleuca halmaturorum commonly found in the lake basin. Rare flora species known to be found in the nature reserve are Dryandra porrecta and Blennospora phlegmatocarpa.

An example is the Marquesas Islands, which, unlike other high- island groups in Polynesia, are not surrounded by fringing coral reefs, and consequently have no low coastal plains. Every valley in the Marquesas is accessible to other valleys only via boat, or by traveling over steep mountain ridges.

Only a few grasses grow on the island. The lagoon is up to 18 metres deep and encumbered with rock. The fringing coral reef has a wide passage in the southwest. The closest land is Takamaka Island in the Salomon Islands Atoll, about 20 kilometres to the southwest.

The Taconic-Acadian deformation was caused by the collision of an ocean floor/island arc terrane with a continental margin or fringing microcontinent in the early Paleozoic. The Alleghanian-Pallisades deformation was caused by continental rifting in the early Mesozoic, and possibly late- Paleozoic trans-current plate motions.

The iris is orange red. Both sexes are identical and young birds are browner and initially lack the bare head and crown. The bills and legs are grey but turn reddish during the breeding season. The toes have a fringing membrane and are slightly webbed at the base.

It is native to the Indo-Pacific islands, distributed mostly in the Coral Triangle area, and also found in the American Samoa. It prefers environments protected from surface wave action on fringing reef crests, mid-slope terraces, and lagoons at depths of 2 to 25 meters (6–82 ft).

The low-lying swamp areas around the lake are dominated by Melaleuca trees and scrub. Other dominant species include Calothamnus quadrifidus and Acacia cyclops. Fringing vegetation of mixed low heaths occur on lake edges with dense sedge beds of Baumea articulata, Isolepis nodosa, Juncus species and Schoenus brevifolius.

The Français Rocks are a group of fringing rocks lying off the northeast coast of D'Urville Island, in the Joinville Island group. The name "Pointe des Français" (point of the French) was given by Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville, of the French Antarctic Expedition, 1837–40, to the northeast point of the island which at that time was believed to be continuous with Joinville Island. Surveys by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (1952–54) and aerial photographs by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (1956–57) have not revealed a definable point hereabout. For the sake of historical continuity in the area, the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (1978) applied the name Français Rocks to these fringing rocks.

The islands belong to the Ritchie’s Archipelago and are located north of Outram Island. Besides a variety of submerged corals, Dolphin, Dugong and Blue whale are important marine animals for conservation. These islands also forms abode to many species of avifauna and fishes. Coral dominate the islands as submerged fringing types.

The river descends over its course. An estuary is formed at the mouth of the river. The Isis and Gregory Rivers also discharge into the long and between and wide estuary. The area includes intensive inter-tidal flats, shallow sand banks, a meandering main channel with small patched of fringing mangroves.

Retrieved on 12 July 2011. The land around the lake is used for grazing. Lake Buchanan contains a number of significant species which are newly discovered and most probably endemic. These include the Lake Buchanan button grass, fringing rush, Lake Buchanan fringe rush, Lawrenica buchananensis (Malvaceae), and Buchanan's fairy shrimp.

Ctenella The lagoon that surrounds the atoll has an area of about . The maximum water depth in the lagoon is about . The width of the coral reef varies from with a shallow depth of about on the seaward side. The area covered by the fringing seaward reef shelf is about .

The Republic of Singapore Air Force and Navy take turns to use it, with the Air Force practicing strafing and the Navy practicing shelling targets. Pawai's lush green and brown forests are mostly undisturbed and it has been found to have a rich biodiversity of coral reefs, especially fringing reefs.

Tuvana-i-Ra is located about 30 km southwest of Ono-i-Lau, Fiji's southernmost inhabited atoll, and 8 km southwest of the neighboring Tuvana-i-Colo. It is an elliptically shaped Atoll with a large island in the center of the lagoon. There are no islands on the fringing reef.

Huahine measures in length, with a maximum width of . It is made up of two main islands surrounded by a fringing coral reef with several islets, or motu. Huahine Nui (Big Huahine) lies to the north and Huahine Iti (Little Huahine) to the south. The total land area is 75 km2.

The resonant length of the antenna is slightly shorter because of the extended electric "fringing fields" which increase the electrical length of the antenna slightly. An early model of the microstrip antenna is a section of microstrip transmission line with equivalent loads on either end to represent the radiation loss.

The archipelago consists predominantly of pre- Tertiary continental islands primarily of quartzites and shales covered by basaltic lava. Geologically, the islands are part of Sundaland. The islands have extensive fringing and patchy coral reefs. The best time to visit the islands is during the dry season, generally from April to October.

A fringing reef extends off the shoreline. There are several beaches and beach parks in Hauula, including Hauula Beach Park, Aukai Beach Park, Kokololio Beach Park, and Mahakea Beach. Sugarcane was once grown along the narrow coastal plain inland from the highway. The U.S. postal code for Hauula is 96717.

A fringing reef extends off the shoreline. There are several beaches and a beach park in Punaluu, including Punaluu Beach Park, Punaluu Beach, Haleaha Beach, and Kaluanui Beach. Sugar cane was once grown on the narrow coastal plain inland from the highway. The U.S. postal code for Punaluu is 96717.

Along with Patron Tim Winton, AMCS and allies protected Ningaloo Reef, WA (Australia’s largest fringing coral reef) from a major marina development. With overwhelming support from the public, we further succeeded in securing 34% of the Ningaloo Marine Park in green zones, and most recently World Heritage listing in 2011.

The watershed of Stony Creek is punctuated by swampy areas and narrow floodplains. It starts in the Piedmont of Virginia and flows east and south through a small gorge to the Coastal Plain southeast of Dinwiddie, Virginia. Once in the Coastal Plain it widens out and acquires a wide floodplain with fringing swamps.

The climate is equatorial, with little rainfall and intense sunshine. Temperatures are moderated somewhat by a constant wind from the east. The terrain is low-lying and sandy: a coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef with a slightly raised central area. The highest point is about six meters above sea level.

They are variable in size, ranging from a few hundred metres to many kilometres across. Their usual shape is oval to elongated. Parts of these reefs can reach the surface and form sandbanks and small islands around which may form fringing reefs. A lagoon may form In the middle of a platform reef.

In 2001 a small NTA (no-take-area) was established off the Island of Hoga. This establishment was in partnership between Operation Wallacea and local Bajau communities. It covers a 500m long section of fringing walled reef and reef flat. Observations suggest that the area is 80-90% successful in preventing fishing activities.

Raraka, or Te Marie, is an atoll in the west of the Tuamotu group in French Polynesia. It lies 17 km to the southeast of Kauehi Atoll. The shape of Raraka Atoll is an oval 27 km long and 19 km wide. Its fringing reef has many sandbanks and small motu (islets).

Flora includes breadfruit, pandanus, and coconut palms. The limited terrestrial fauna includes feral pigs, rats, and small lizards. There are several species of freshwater fish inhabiting the small streams on the islands, but the fringing coral reefs around the islands exhibit a dazzling array of fish and other salt water- dwelling species.

Like other species in its genus, Anaphes nitens is a tiny insect, not more than long. The hind wings are elongated and stalked, and there are short hairs fringing both pairs of wings. The head and body are black, the limbs are amber to brown and the wings are tinged with brown.

Sarabah is a small national park in South East Queensland, Australia, 65 km south of Brisbane. The park lies within the catchment area of the Albert River. The park contains the remains of lowland subtropical rainforest and fringing riparian open forest along Canungra Creek. It was declared a national park in 1973.

Large areas of rainforest perch on steep mountain slopes. Access to the island is via Refuge bay, a tree lined 1.3 km white sandy beach. The bay is a wide sheltered bay facing north with all tidal access. The bay has clear blue water, an excellent coral fringing reef, ideal for snorkelling.

Carpin, Sarah,(1998) Seychelles, Odyssey Guides, p. 161, The Guidebook Company Limited, Retrieved on June 22, 2008 Aldabra atoll is long (in east–west direction) and wide. It has a large shallow lagoon, in area, of which roughly two thirds is dry during low tide. The lagoon is encircled by fringing coral reef.

There are three lagoons, the largest, Vaiatoa, having four islands. There are mangrove trees, native broadleaf forest and coconut palms. The island has an oval outline, with the longer axis oriented north-south. A fringing reef surrounds the whole island, which makes local fishing and transport into and out of the island difficult.

The corallites are rough and irregularly placed, and tentacles enlarge during the day. There are no similar species within genus Acropora. It is found in marine, tropical, shallow reefs, mainly in turbid water near fringing reefs. It also occurs in shallow lagoons and sand slopes, and is found at depths of between .

Pomacentrus aurifrons spend the majority of their time in coral reefs at a depth of about 2–14 m and live in groups. The coastal fringing reefs and offshore platform reefs they live on are generally composed of a variety of different sponge and both hard and soft coral. They feed on zooplankton.

Earlham Park Woods is a Local Nature Reserve on the western outskirts of Norwich in Norfolk. It is owned and managed by Norwich City Council. This is an area of woodland fringing Earlham Park, and trees include regenerating elms. Other habitats include tall marsh, unimproved grassland and a pond which has silted up.

Tidal marshes are differentiated into freshwater, brackish and salt according to the salinity of their water. Coastal marshes lie along coasts and estuarine marshes lie inland within the tidal zone. Location determines the controlling processes, age, disturbance regime, and future persistence of tidal marshes. Tidal freshwater marshes are further divided into deltaic and fringing types.

Radial distortion that depends on wavelength is called "lateral chromatic aberration" – "lateral" because radial, "chromatic" because dependent on color (wavelength). This can cause colored fringes in high- contrast areas in the outer parts of the image. This should not be confused with axial (longitudinal) chromatic aberration, which causes aberrations throughout the field, particularly purple fringing.

The harbour (merely an opening in the fringing reef, only passable by small boats) is at the northwest of the island. A steep staircase leads up to the village, with about 69 residents at the census of 2001, located on a plateau on the north side of the mountain. There is a government primary school.

Hikkaduwa coral reef is a typical shallow fringing reef with an average depth of around . The coral reef reduces the coastal erosion and forms a natural breakwater. The coast of the national park extends four km. Generally the coast is narrow, ranging from 5–50 m according to the climatic conditions of the year.

Cap Wabao on Maré, showing the rough coral rock (foreground) and narrow fringing reef. The high, flat peak of Cap Wabao in the background is a former reef islet. The characteristic Araucaria trees cover most flat land near the sea. The island is long and 16 to 33 km (10 to 20 miles) wide.

The refuge has unique habitat zones that contain diverse combinations of plant communities. These zones begin with the sandy beach fringing Lake Pontchartrain. Moving inland, the next zone is the brackish marsh. The third zone has a water level that is slightly below the marsh floor and the predominate plants are wiregrass and spike rush.

Around the northern bays of the island are seagrass beds which support a diverse range of marine life. Unadorned rock-wallabies are found on the island. The seas here are warm, clear, shallow, nutrient rich and fast moving due to large tidal flows making them well-suited to the growth of fringing coral reefs.

Potamonautes isimangaliso is a species of freshwater crustacean in the family Potamonautidae. It is endemic to iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. Its natural habitat are the ephemeral wetlands fringing the western shores of False Bay. Molecular DNA analyses were required to distinguish it from the similar and rather variable P. lividus, which occurs further inland.

Maputo Bay is part of the Delagoa marine ecoregion. Habitats in the bay include mangrove wetlands, seagrass beds, and fringing coral reefs around Inhaca and Portuguese islands. Humpback whales and several species of dolphins live in the water while southern right whalesRichards R.. 2009. Past and present distributions of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis).

All of these reefs are Fringing reefs, except Lakshadweep which are Atolls. There are Patchy corals present along the inter- tidal areas of the central west coast like the intertidal regions of Ratnagiri, Gaveshani Bank etc. The Hermatypic corals are also present along the sea shore from Kollam in Kerala to Enayam Puthenthurai in Tamilnadu.

The fringing reef on the windward western coastline of Lord Howe Island absorbs wave energy and acts as a breakwater preventing storm surges from eroding the low lying central region of the island. The sheltered lagoon contains a number of different reef habitats, dominated by sand, lagoonal corals, gravel sheets, algal flats and patch reefs.

The rail had a restricted distribution in the far south-west of Western Australia, from Margaret River to Albany, and inland as far as Bridgetown. Its core habitat was the dense vegetation fringing, or emerging from, saline, brackish and freshwater wetlands, though it could also sometimes be found in grassland or in thick coastal scrub.

The islands are home to a number of important bird species, including the beach stone-curlew, eastern curlew and sooty oystercatcher. Also seen around the islands are the white-bellied sea-eagle, peregrine falcon and eastern osprey. Fringing reefs and seagrass beds are found in the surrounding waters. Green turtles nest on the beaches.

From north to south the East European Plain is clad sequentially in tundra, coniferous forest (taiga), mixed and broadleaf forests, grassland (steppe), and semi-desert (fringing the Caspian Sea) as the changes in vegetation reflect the changes in climate. Siberia supports a similar sequence but is predominantly taiga. The country contains forty UNESCO biosphere reserves.

An island with a fringing reef in the Maldives. Coral reefs are dying around the world.Coral reefs around the world The Guardian, 2 September 2009 The oceans are normally a natural carbon sink, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Because the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide are increasing, the oceans are becoming more acidic.

Land in Tanzania is a valuable resource. Since most of the country is dry and arid, the wetlands surrounding Lake Victoria are the most fertile and consequently, in high demand for farming.Hongo, H and M. Masikini. 2003 Impact of immigrant pastoral herds to fringing wetlands of lake Victoria in Magu district Mwanza region, Tanzania.

238-39 (Internet Archive). De Lacy built a huge ringwork castle defended by a stout double palisade and external ditch on top of the hill. There may also have been further defences around the cliffs fringing the high ground. Part of a stone footed timber gatehouse lies beneath the present stone gate at the west side of the castle.

Surveys of the fringing reefs in Shoalwater Bay indicate that reefs in the place generally consist of broken rocky shores or rubble banks, which may be covered by algae, corals and/or seagrasses. The bottled-nosed dolphin, the Indo-Pacific dolphin, the Irrawaddy dolphin and the humpback whale are known to occur within the marine waters of the place.

Satellite picture of the Atafu atoll in Tokelau in the Pacific Ocean Atoll lagoons form as coral reefs grow upwards while the islands that the reefs surround subside, until eventually only the reefs remain above sea level. Unlike the lagoons that form shoreward of fringing reefs, atoll lagoons often contain some deep (>20 metre; 65') portions.

The common seasnail is an unusual-looking fish with a large head and front part of the body and a laterally compressed posterior part of the body and large fringing fins. Its length is generally between . The bony head has two pairs of nostrils on the snout. The pectoral fins are very large and unite beneath the body.

It is perhaps best known as the island Amelia Earhart was searching for but never reached when her airplane disappeared on , during her planned round-the-world flight. Airstrips constructed to accommodate her planned stopover were subsequently damaged, not maintained and gradually disappeared. There are no harbors or docks. The fringing reefs may pose a maritime hazard.

The island stands on a detached patch coral reef similarly orientated, with maximum dimensions of and . A shallow sand spit extends northeast from it. The island stands on the northern sector of the reef atoll. There are drying reef flats wide on its south side, but only a narrow fringing reef about wide on its north side.

Amblyglyphidodon flavilatus is a reef dwelling fish, most often found at coastal fringing reefs and reef slopes. It is only found between the depths of twelve and twenty meters. The Amblyglyphidodon flavilatus has not been know to migrate from their spots, so they are non-migratory fish. They prefer warmer water, between temperatures from 72-78 °F.

The alternate name, "Stockyard Beach", comes from the presence of stockyards on the island built to house sheep in the 1920s and 1930s. A fringing coral reef lies offshore, home to a variety of fish and sea turtles—including the green turtle and Hawksbill turtle—which feed on nearby seagrass. The beach is a popular destination for snorkelling.

In the northeast is Kopu a Ruatapu, a boat passage through the fringing coral reef. The peninsula is 3.25 km long north-south, and has an area of 1.75 km2. It is 400 metres wide on the average, with a minimum of 250 metres. At its widest, where it joins the main island, it reaches 750 metres in with.

Orbicella faveolata occurs in shallow waters in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, its range including Florida, the Bahamas, Venezuela and possibly Bermuda. It is found on both the back reef and fore reef slopes of fringing reefs at depths of up to . It is often the most abundant coral species on fore reef slopes between .

Since Darwin's identification of the three classical reef formations – the fringing reef around a volcanic island becoming a barrier reef and then an atollHopley, David (ed.) Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs Dordrecht: Springer, 2011. p. 40. – scientists have identified further reef types. While some sources find only three,e.g. Unit 10: Reef Types in the Coral Reef Ecology Curriculum.

Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, London: Routledge, 2004, p. 411. Fringing reefs are initially formed on the shore at the low water level and expand seawards as they grow in size. The final width depends on where the sea bed begins to drop steeply. The surface of the fringe reef generally remains at the same height: just below the waterline.

Like an atoll, it is thought that these reefs are formed either as the seabed lowered or sea level rose. Formation takes considerably longer than for a fringing reef, thus barrier reefs are much rarer. The best known and largest example of a barrier reef is the Australian Great Barrier Reef.Types of Coral Reefs at www.coral-reef-info.com.

Bryopsis contains mostly epilithic but sometimes free-floating algae that occupy a range of habitats including seaweed beds, shallow fringing reefs and both sheltered and well-exposed subtidal areas (Giovagnetti et al., 2018; Song et al., 2019). Bryopsis is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas and dominant in eutrophic coastal regions (Hollants, Leliaert, Verbruggen, Willems, et al.

This species lives along coastlines. It is unusual among European flatfish in that it prefers a rocky substrate. It has the ability to remain immobile in the most surprising sites, holding on to vertical rocks or even upside down under overhangs. This is achieved by using its broad fringing fins to fit itself into the substrate.

These patches have expanded and fused to provide the numerous, large coral banks found in the Bay. Only twenty-eight coral species have been recorded which is probably due to the uniform habitat. Further offshore lies a peripheral fringing reef. This has not been surveyed, and approach to it is difficult because of the south- easterly swell.

Young similarly explained the colors of "striated surfaces" (e.g., gratings) as the wavelength-dependent reinforcement or cancellation of reflections from adjacent lines. He described this reinforcement or cancellation as interference. Thomas Young (1773–1829) Neither Newton nor Huygens satisfactorily explained diffraction—the blurring and fringing of shadows where, according to rectilinear propagation, they ought to be sharp.

Adult males measure and adult females, based on just one specimen, in snout–vent length. The snout is pointed in dorsal view and acuminate in lateral view; in males, the snout tip has a well-developed, shovel-like fleshy ridge. The tympanum and supratympanic fold are present. The finger tips are rounded but not expanded, without webbing or fringing.

The backreef area has the least species diversity, which increases seaward towards the reef crest. Some of this difference is due to eutrophication from increased nutrients, sediments and toxicity due to domestic and industrial wastes.Tomascik, T. and Sander, F. 1987. Effects of eutrophication on reef- building corals: II. Structure of scleractinian coral communities on fringing reefs, Barbados, West Indies.

Fantome Island is one of the islands in the Palm Island group. It is neighboured by Great Palm Island and is north-east of Townsville, Queensland on the east coast of Australia. The island is small with an area of and is surrounded by a fringing reef. The Djabugay (Aboriginal) name for this island is Eumilli Island.

The Gulf and off- shore waters beyond the Ningaloo fringing reef are home to some of Australia's more significant sport fish including marlin, Spanish mackerel, and several sub-species of tuna. The Gulf sustains one of Western Australia's largest prawn fisheries, managed by the Kailis Fishing Group, which operates under license from the Western Australian Government.

Adult males measure and adult females, based on just one specimen, in snout–vent length. The snout is pointed in dorsal view and acuminate in lateral view; in males, the snout tip has a weakly to well- developed fleshy ridge. The tympanum and supratympanic fold are present. The finger tips are rounded but not expanded, without webbing or fringing.

They can also be caused by foreign material within the camera lens. The image artifacts usually appear as either white or semi-transparent circles, though may also occur with whole or partial color spectra, purple fringing or other chromatic aberration. With rain droplets, an image may capture light passing through the droplet creating a small rainbow effect.J. David Pye.

An attempt to move an object around the screen (such as with the use of the blitter) will create noticeable fringing at the left and right borders of that image, unless the graphics are specially designed to avoid this. In order to avoid recomputing Hold-and-Modify values and circumvent fringing, the programmer would have to ensure the left-most pixel of every blitter object and the left-most pixel of every line of a scrolling playfield is a 'set' pixel. The palette would have to be designed so that it incorporates every such left-most pixel. Alternatively, a HAM display can be animated by generating pixel values through procedural generation, though this is generally useful for synthetic images only, for example, the 'rainbow' effects used in demos.

The forest giant squirrel is native to tropical western and central Africa. Its range extends from Sierra Leone to western Kenya, and southwards to northern Angola and northern Tanzania. It is a lowland species with a maximum altitudinal limit of about . It occurs in primary forest, secondary forest and fringing forest as well as plantations and agricultural land and gardens with trees.

Fringing on caribou garments was practical as well, as it could be interlocked between layers to prevent wind from entering. Pendants were made from all kinds of materials. Traditionally soapstone, animal bone, and teeth were the most prevalent, but after European contact, items like coins, bullet casings, and even spoons were used as decorations. Beadwork was generally reserved for women's clothing.

Nikunau Atoll Nikunau is a low coral atoll in the Gilbert Islands and forms a council district of the Republic of Kiribati. It consists of two parts, (the larger one in the northwest), joined by an isthmus about wide. There are several landlocked, hypersaline lagoons located within the island, measuring about in area. The island is surrounded by a narrow fringing reef.

The western shore of the gulf is backed by high sandstone hills that are to in height and with fringing colonies of mangroves and mudflats when the tide is low. Dense mangrove stands fringe the marshy area on the eastern shore of the gulf. Adolphus Island splits the southern end of the sound with a navigatable channel being found on the western arm.

Flint Island is located about northwest of Tahiti, south-southeast of Vostok Island, and southwest of Caroline Island. The island is about long and wide at its widest point (). It has a land area of and rises to a height of above sea level. The island is surrounded by a narrow fringing reef and with no safe anchorage landing is difficult.

The island is mainly tropical rainforest, 63% of which is national parkland. The narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard. Christmas Island lies northwest of Perth, Western Australia, south of Indonesia, ENE of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and west of Darwin, Northern Territory. Its closest point to the Australian mainland is from the town of Exmouth, Western Australia.

The avifaunal species consists of wetland birds such as Egretta vinaceigula, Bugeranus carunculatus, Ardeola rufiventris, Pelecanus rufescens, Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis, Microparra capensis, Vanellus albiceps, Vanellus crassirostris, Glareola pratincola, Macronyx ameliae and Circus pygargus. In the riverine habitat, the bird species of importance are Glareola nuchalis and Rynchops flavirostris, and in the fringing riparian vegetation Scotopelia peli and Gorsachius leuconotus species have been recorded.

Ile aux Souris is an island in Seychelles, lying in the eastern shores of Mahe. With a 14-metre elevation ‘it stands just inside the long line of coral reef fringing the coasts of Anse Royale and Anse Bougainville. It is rocky, about 500 metres south west of Pointe au Sel. In the vicinity you can find the Seychelles university.

It is generally high with a rocky perpendicular bluff on its northwestern side. Its coastline is covered with mangroves and has gravel beaches on its western side. It is surrounded by Macarite, Cagnipa, Talisay, Magesang and other smaller unnamed islands and is protected by fringing reefs. In 2000, the island municipality had a population of 8,700 distributed in 8 barangays.

This species is confined to acid paperbark swamps in wallum country. Males make a high pitched squeaking noise and call at any time of the year, when water is available. Males normally call from hidden positions in grass, while floating in the water. Breeding happens mostly during autumn and winter and occurs in large swamps and temporary ponds fringing the swamp.

The Rosenthal Islands are a group of islands fringing the west coast of Anvers Island, north of Cape Monaco, in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. The largest of them is Gerlache Island. Discovered by the German expedition 1873–74, under Dallmann, and named by him for Albert Rosenthal, Director of the Society for Polar Navigation who, with the society, sponsored the expedition.

Desnœufs Island is the southernmost island of the Amirantes chain, is a nearly circular island with a high rim surrounding a central depression (instead of a lagoon). It is up to 5.5 m high. Most of the land is exposed sandstone, after the guano has been exploited in the 20th century. The island has a fringing reef, and the reef flat is narrow.

Lake Poorrarecup western shore Lake Poorrarecup fringing vegetation Lake Poorrarecup, also known as Poorarecup Lagoon, is an ephemeral salt lake located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, approximately south west of Cranbrook and north west of Mount Barker. It is located in a watershed between the Kent River and Frankland River catchments and the Gordon River, a tributary of the Frankland.

The island is located 34 km west of Cerf Island of Providence Atoll, and 462 km east of Aldabra. This uninhabited island is nearly circular, east-west by north-south, with a land area of . St. Pierre has a gently sloping seabed on the exposed southeastern coast and a steep drop off on the northwest, where the fringing reef is all but absent.

The southern reef fringing the atoll is wider than the northern one, but the largest islands are on the narrower northern rim. Tahanea has a wide and deep lagoon with a surface of . There are three deep, navigable, passes into the lagoon, which are called Motupuapua, Teavatapu and Otao. Tahanea is uninhabited, but visited occasionally by islanders from neighboring atolls.

Rodrigues is the only Mascarene island with extensive limestone deposits and caves. A large fringing reef surrounds the island forming a lagoon within which lie eighteen small islets. The coral reef of Rodrigues is of particular interest as it is self-seeding – it receives no coral zooplankton from elsewhere. This has led to an overall species-poor but highly adapted ecosystem.

Most of the coral reefs in the park are fringing reefs. The type and composition of vegetation vary from island to island. Most notably there you can see a difference between the tourist islands which suffer more anthropocentric change and others which do not. There are also some islands more isolated or protected from the effects of weather in the Bay of Bengal.

Europa is in diameter, with a maximum altitude of , and has of coastline. It is surrounded by coral beaches and a fringing reef and encloses a mangrove lagoon of around and open to the sea on one side. There are no ports or harbours but anchorage is possible offshore. Its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), contiguous with that of Bassas da India, is .

This dynamic animation shows the dynamic process of coral atoll formation. Corals (represented in tan and purple) settle and grow around an oceanic island, forming a fringing reef. In favorable conditions, the reef expands, and the interior island subsides. Eventually the island completely subsides beneath the water, leaving a ring of growing coral with an open lagoon in its center.

Tectonic activity can have very detrimental effects. An earthquake on Ranongga Island in the Solomon Islands moved 80% of its fringing reef permanently above sea level. Northern reefs became elevated 1m above the high tide water height, whereas on the south side reefs moved 2 to 3m above the water height.Albert, U., Udy, J., Baines, G. and McDougall, D. 2007.

The Boyd Plateau comprises a dome of Devonian granite intruded into Devonian quartzites and sedimentaries. There are also intrusive igneous rocks from the Carboniferous period. Kanangra Tops at the south-eastern end of the Plateau is one of the Permian outliers. Its fringing fault scarp – Kanangra Walls – comprises Permian sedimentaries of the Capertee Group which rests unconformably on a Devonian Lambie Group Basement.

In 1991 the Marine Group, under the leadership of Helen Newman, initiated a coral rescue project that relocated hard corals from areas destined for reclamation.Lum, S. K. Y., 2011.Nature Society Singapore-Marine Conservation Group, 2003. Singapore Waters: Unveiling Our Seas. Nature Society (Singapore) The first project involved 140 volunteers that worked on the fringing reef around Buran Darat, off Sentosa island.

The original city of Seleucus was laid out in imitation of the grid plan of Alexandria by the architect Xenarius. Libanius describes the first building and arrangement of this city (i. p. 300\. 17). The citadel was on Mount Silpius and the city lay mainly on the low ground to the north, fringing the river. Two great colonnaded streets intersected in the centre.

Protanguilla palau is a species of eel, the only species in the genus Protanguilla (first eel), which is in turn the only genus in its family, Protanguillidae. Individuals were found swimming in March 2010 in a deep underwater cave in a fringing reef off the coast of Palau. Protanguillidae is a sister group to all other eels.Springer, V. G. (2015).

Tufa deposits have been found in the Panamint Valley, some of which form fringing reefs and algal mounds. Lake Panamint has left clay, marl and silt deposits in Panamint Valley. Cobble beaches developed at the Nadeau Road and Lower Water Canyon localities, while wave-cut terraces were identified close to Ballarat and Big Four Mine Road and delta deposits close to Panamint Springs.

The GBRMPA zoning is "Conservation Zone". In a Conservation Zone, as compared with a Buffer zone; bait netting, crabbing (trapping), and limited collecting are permitted. In a Conservation Zone, as compared with a Habitat Protection Zone, harvest fishing for sea cucumber, trochus, and tropical rock lobster are not allowed. Barber (Boodthean) Reef is a nearshore fringing reef adjacent to the island.

It has coral reefs in its waters. It was established as a Marine Park in 1986, and encloses part of the lagoon, back reef and reef crest habitats of the Bamburi-Nyali fringing reef. The Marine park is characterized by warm tropical conditions varying at the surface between 25 °C and 31 °C during the year, stable salinity regimes and moderate nutrient levels.

Current location in Asia Siberia, also known as Angaraland (or simply Angara) and Angarida, is an ancient craton in the heart of Siberia. Today forming the Central Siberian Plateau, it was an independent continent before the Permian period. The Verkhoyansk Sea, a passive continental margin, was fringing the Siberian Craton to the east in what is now the East Siberian Lowland.Permian bivalve mollusks of Northeast Asia, Fig.

The island has three types of habitats: coral reef, seagrass and nesting ground for marine turtles. Zoning of the coral reef is mapped under three zones of reef flat, reef slope and lagoon. Next to the shore line are the fringing reefs where fish species of fin and shell fishes spawn, and are found in abundance. As of 1986, there were 45 coral species in the reef.

Golubaya Bay () is a bay in the southeast extremity of Kamenev Bight, along the ice shelf fringing the coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. The bay was photographed from the air by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in 1958–59 and was mapped from these photos. It was also mapped in 1961 by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition who named it "Bukhta Golubaya" (azure bay).

Forrestdale Lake is a shallow, brackish, seasonal lake with a large area of open water when full. It has extensive fringing sedgeland typical of the Swan Coastal Plain, and is a major breeding site, migration stop-over and semi- permanent drought refuge area for waterbirds. It usually dries out by mid- summer. The area to the north-east is suburban with houses only from the lake.

Blenniella Coral reefs are among the most densely populated marine environments. The coral reef fringing Réunion is a rich habitat for soft and hard corals that provide food and habitat for an abundance of fish and shellfish. The corals feed on a diet of plankton and algae which they catch with their tentacles. The growth cycle of corals is relatively slow, with growth of about per year.

There is often a large row of marginal plates adjoining the ambulacral groove, sometimes bearing spines. Brittle stars do not have pedicellariae, and the plates that cover their surface are known as shields. On the arms these are in four rows with each segment having an aboral and oral shield and two lateral shields, usually with fringing spines. Other ossicles include spines, tubercles, small scales and vertebrae.

Microscope image of an individual elytron from Augenerilepidonotus dictyolepis. Note the fringing papillae on the border. In annelids, elytra (; from Greek ἔλυτρον "sheath, cover"; singular: elytron ) are shield-like scales that are attached dorsally, one pair on each of a number of alternating segments and entirely or partly cover the dorsum. Elytra are modified dorsal cirri, and their number, size, location, and ornamentation are important taxonomic characters.

This species is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-West Pacific region, including the Red Sea, occurring at depths down to . Its typical habitat is in silty environments without strong wave action such as protected fringing reefs and back reef slopes. In the atoll lagoons of the Indian Ocean it is often plentiful and dominant, while in the Red Sea it is uncommon.

G. Stallbaum, vol. I, p. 121, line 24.), commonly also Lake of Ioannina (, Limni ton Ioanninon) is the largest lake of Epirus, located in the central part of the Ioannina regional unit in northern Greece. The regional capital Ioannina to the west and the town of Perama to the north are urban settlements fringing the lake while the remaining of its periphery is composed of farmland.

The final instar larvae can be up to twice as large as the adult, and the second to fourth instars are known to be covered in thick, white waxy filaments. Length 2–6 mm. When alive the entire dorsal surface is covered by a secretion of very thick, white, waxy filaments, with longer filaments fringing the body margin. The ventral surface is devoid of waxy filaments.

Map of the Sarangani islands The north and east coasts are bordered by a reef, which in some places extends out over 1 mile, while on the south and west sides the fringing reef does not extend out to any distance. Off the southwest point is a rock island called Manamil Island with an elevation of .U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1954). "Caburan (topographic map)".

Acropora vaughani is a species of acroporid coral found in the northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the oceanic western and central Pacific Ocean. It is also found in Madagascar. It occurs in tropical shallow reefs around fringing reefs in turbid water, at depths of between . It was described by J. W. Wells in 1954.

Such dragging seems to be at odds with aberration however, which would require the Earth not to drag the aether in order to be visible. :: George Gabriel Stokes becomes a champion of the dragging theory. : 1851 – Armand Fizeau carries out his famous experiment with light travelling through moving water. He measures fringing due to motion of the water, perfectly in line with Fresnel's formula.

Areas favoured by the grasswrens are characterised by laterites, shallow loams and clays, and skeletal soils. The vegetation generally consists of tropical savanna open woodland, with scattered shrubs and trees of Eucalyptus leucophylla, E. leucophloia and Corymbia terminalis, and a ground layer of large Triodia hummocks separated by bare ground. Patches of gidgee occur throughout. Several seasonal streams have fringing vegetation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis with Lophostemon grandiflorus.

Lagos is a port which originated on islands separated by creeks, such as Lagos Island, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon while protected from the Atlantic Ocean by barrier islands and long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to east and west of the mouth. The metropolitan area of Lagos includes Ikeja (which is the capital of Lagos State) and Agege and Mushin.

Some users have experienced pink fringing or pink vertical bands along the left side of the image. Fujifilm along with the Super CCD has been known for this problem and has yet to fix the problem completely. Fujifilm's proprietary xD-Picture cards are expensive compared to SD and CF counterparts and as of 2009 the largest size available to consumers is only 2 GB.

Salinity and dissolved oxygen are consistent throughout the island and throughout the year (35 ppt and 6.0% respectively). Most of San Salvador Island is surrounded by fringing reefs. In many areas, such as Fernandez Bay, the shore is rocky and populated by reef urchins (Echinometra viridis). Moving away from shore, the bottom slopes gradually and may have several patch reefs surrounded by a sandy bottom.

A fringing reef is a reef that is attached to an island. A barrier reef forms a calcareous barrier around an island resulting in a lagoon between the shore and the reef. An atoll is a ring reef with no land present. The reef front (ocean side) is a high energy locale whereas the internal lagoon will be at a lower energy with fine grained sediments.

Piggott (1961) On the large land mass towards the western tip, exposed reef rock raises to some ASL. Elsewhere it is largely covered by gravelly debris. Dunes of up to line the windswept eastern rim of the island, and the eastern part of the lagoon is especially shallow due to the inblown dune sand. Astove Island's fringing reef is just about (300 ft) wide.

Acropora awi is a species of acroporid coral that was described by Wallace and Wolstenholme in 1998. Found in fringing reefs, the slopes of shallow reefs, and sandy slopes, it occurs in a marine environment. The species is rated as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, with a decreasing population, and is easily damaged. It can be found over a large area but is not abundant.

International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium (ITMEMS) Proceedings, 1998. Seagrass beds are found in clear, shallow lagoons between the fringing reefs and the shore, and between offshore islands and the mainland. River mouths are home to the East African mangroves. The Rufiji River delta is the largest mangrove ecosystem on the East African coast, and accounts for half of Tanzania's 55,000 ha of mangroves.

"East Africa: Coral reef programs of eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean". International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium (ITMEMS) Proceedings, 1998. Fringing reefs are uncommon along the Mozambican coast, limited by freshwater input from numerous rivers, and cold-water upwelling in the Mozambique Channel. Patch reefs are best developed on the Quirimbas Islands, Primeiras and Segundas Archipelago, and Mozambique Island and neighboring islands in Mozambique Bay.

The African helmeted turtle and tortoise are found on land, and several species of sea turtle breed on the beaches. Yemen has coastlines on the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf. These mostly have shallow fringing reefs where corals proliferate and a diverse invertebrate fauna. These reefs provide a spawning ground and a protective environment for the young of many species of fish.

Again used for iron cores. Similar to using an "E" and "I" together, a pair of "E" cores will accommodate a larger coil former and can produce a larger inductor or transformer. If an air gap is required, the centre leg of the "E" is shortened so that the air gap sits in the middle of the coil to minimize fringing and reduce electromagnetic interference.

Nights, however, are quite cool. The ground is mostly sandy and reaches 23 feet (7 meters) at its highest point. Because of the island's distance from other large landmasses, the Jarvis Island high point is the 36th most isolated peak in the world. The low-lying coral island has long been noted as hard to sight from small ships and is surrounded by a narrow fringing reef.

428: "The breakup of the fringing reef has itself contributed to extensive and accelerating coastal erosion on the windward coast of the island, where sea cliffs of unconsolidated volcanic gravels as high as 25 m have developed." Thick forest once covered the eastern coastal plain, where the Amerindians built their first settlements during the Aceramic period, complementing the ecosystem surrounding the coral reef just offshore. It was the easy access to fresh water on the island and the rich food source represented by the ocean life sheltered by the reef that made it feasible for the Amerindians to settle this area around 600 BC. With the loss of the natural vegetation, the balance in runoff nutrients to the reef was disturbed, eventually causing as much as 80 percent of the large eastern fringing reef to become inactive. As the reef broke apart, it, in turn, provided less protection for the coastline.

Leningradskiy Bay is an indentation in the ice shelf fringing Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, immediately west of Lazarev Ice Shelf. Leningradskiy Island is at the head of the bay. It was mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1959 and named by them for the Russian city that at that time was named Leningrad. Ostryy Point ("Angular Point"), an ice projection, forms the west side of the entrance to the bay.

Mayotte is surrounded by a typical tropical coral reef. It consists in a large outer barrier reef, enclosing one of the world's largest and deepest lagoons, followed by a fringing reef, interrupted by many mangroves. All Mayotte waters are ruled by a National marine Park, and many places are natural reserves. The outer coral reef is 195 km long, housing 1,500 km2 of lagoon, including 7.3 km2 of mangrove.

About 30 plant species have been recorded. There are stands of banbar and swamp paperbark fringing the northern and eastern margins, with a patchy understorey of broadleaf cumbungi. The south-western corner is dominated by pasture and the midsection of the western shore is open eucalypt woodland, including tuarts, flooded gums and swamp peppermints, with a grass understorey. Other species present include spearwood, golden-wreath wattle, Swan River peppermint and sheoaks.

Bleaching in 1998 reduced average hard coral cover on Frankland Is. fringing reefs from 67% to 37%. Reductions were similar on both the eastern and western reefs. Over 70% of soft corals (primarily Sinularia spp.) also bleached, but these apparently recovered and soft coral cover increased slightly between the 1998 and 1999 surveys. Eastern reefs were also affected by the crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci (COTS) in 1998.

The Pearl and Hermes Atoll is the third northernmost atoll of Hawaii, behind Midway and Kure, approximately northwest of Honolulu and east-southeast of Midway Atoll. Like the rest of the Hawaiian Islands, the atoll observes Hawaii Standard Time. In total, Pearl and Hermes has about of land and almost of coral reef habitat. The fringing coral reef which surrounds the atoll is roughly in circumference and open to the west.

Mimosa pigra invades sedgeland and grassland communities on open floodplains, particularly in areas where feral buffalo have removed the vegetation. It forms dense, practically monospecific tall shrubland in which the ground flora is sparse to non-existent. Similarly, it invades the paperbark (Melaleuca spp.) swamp forests fringing the floodplains, where it forms a dense understorey, and shades out native tree seedlings. The common name is mimosa or giant sensitive plant.

Uepi is a classic raised barrier reef island, covered by rainforest, outlined by fringing reef and sandy beaches. The island is flanked by the warm lagoon waters on one side, and the oceanic depths (6000 ft/2000m) of "The Slot", a deep marine abyss, on the other. Uepi Island is approximately 2.5 km long and 300 metres wide. Uepi is only 90 minutes from Honiara by plane and boat.

The park's "Tolkien Tree", 2008 Mopane is the most common large plant species in the park. The epiphytic orchid, Microcoelia ornithocephala is nearly endemic to the park, also being recorded on nearby Sambani Hill. Other plants in the park include: acacias, miombo, Albizia harveyi, Adansonia digitata, reedbeds along the rivers, evergreen forests fringing tributaries, Vachellia xanthophloea (fever tree), Borassus (Palmyra palm), capers, Hyphaene coriacea (Lala palm), and Kigelia (sausage trees).

The Vidster only has auto-exposure as a method of exposure control, and also is constantly automatically white-balancing itself. This leads to very accentuated alterations in the qualities of the image, even from small changes in a scene. The lens of the Vidster is extremely small, resulting in an image with slight vignetting of image sharpness. There is also significant color fringing and video noise, especially for low-light subjects.

These corals were eventually exposed to air and perished, becoming surface limestone deposits over the millennia. Vast amounts of coral skeletons may be seen along the shoreline and across the interior of Bonaire. The island is essentially a coral reef that has been geologically pushed up and out of the sea. This also resulted in the natural fringing reef system seen today, in which the coral formations start at the shoreline.

This semi-arid climate is conducive to a variety of cacti and other desert plants. Klein Bonaire, the small island in the sheltered lee of Bonaire, has the same geological history. While Bonaire has some hills and variations in altitude, Klein Bonaire's surface is quite level and just a few feet above high tide. Because the island is as-yet undeveloped, the fringing reef system surrounding Klein Bonaire is truly pristine.

Hypoplectrus unicolor is found on shallow fringing reef faces, the front slopes of reefs, and under piers. It is normally found at depths between >It is a carnivorous species which has a diet largely consisting of crustaceans and smaller fishes. The juveniles are frequently observed in mangroves. The species in the genus Hypoplectrus are synchronous hermaphrodites and they have the ability to move between "male" and "female" roles when spawning.

Barrier reef Barrier reefs are separated from a mainland or island shore by a deep channel or lagoon. They resemble the later stages of a fringing reef with its lagoon, but differ from the latter mainly in size and origin. Their lagoons can be several kilometres wide and 30 to 70 metres deep. Above all, the offshore outer reef edge formed in open water rather than next to a shoreline.

The tail and wings are blackish, and the latter have two buff wing bars and buff edging to the secondary feathers. The breast is ochre-orange, shading to bright yellow on the belly. Sexes are similar, but young birds have brownish upperparts with buff fringing, orange wing bars and paler underparts. The northern tufted flycatcher is usually seen in pairs, hunting flying insects from an open perch like a pewee.

Corals picture taken from Brewers Bay on St. Thomas Formation of fringing reefs (top), barrier reefs (middle) and atolls (bottom). One of the marine ecosystems found in the Virgin Islands are the coral reefs. These coral reefs can be located between the islands of St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. These coral reefs have an area of 297.9 km2, along with other marine habitats that are in between.

With The curtain fixture business was begun in 1869 by Sawyer & Buckley, and was later taken over by the Charles Parker Company. Parker, then managed by Charles Parker's son Wilbur, greatly expanded the business, overseeing construction of the majority of this complex in 1892. It was the largest manufacturer in the nation that produced curtain rollers, fringing, and curtain cloth. The business was acquired in 1905 by the Columbia Shade Company.

Kaashidhu Atoll, lies towards the eastern end of the channel to which it gives its name ('Kardiva Channel' in the Admiralty Chart). This atoll had two islands namely Kaashidhoo and Kaashidhoo Huraa from which only Kaashidhoo exists today. Kaashidhoo is surrounded by deep waters and there is generally heavy surf all around. The Atoll has an oval-shaped lagoon (vilu) with a narrow fringing reef on its NW side.

Siluranodon auritus is the only species in the genus Siluranodon of the catfish (order Siluriformes) family Schilbeidae. This species is known from the Nile River and the Chad, Niger, Volta, and Comoe basins. In the Sudd, these fish have been found to occur beneath fringing Eichhornia. Although it has been previously thought that fish of this species lack teeth, it has been found that they have very reduced teeth.

Ophioblennius atlanticus, also known as the redlip blenny and the horseface blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny, family Blenniidae, found primarily in the western central Atlantic ocean. Redlip blennies can be found in coral crests and shallow fringing reefs. They are highly territorial and attack intruders with two long, sharp canine teeth. The adults are found at depths of 10 to 20 meters, and the eggs are benthic.

The upper levels of Mount Manucoco (above 700 m) still carry patches of tropical semi-evergreen mountain forest in sheltered valleys, covering about 40 km2. Lower down there are remnants of drier forest and Eucalyptus alba dominated savanna woodlands, especially on limestone outcrops, with agricultural land in the vicinity of villages. The island has a fringing reef 30–150 m in width; it generally lacks freshwater wetlands, estuaries and mangroves.

There are 4 to 8 large tentacles halfway down the outside of the bell located between the radial canals and sometimes 4 more, close to them. These have adhesive pads on their tips which allows the jellyfish to grip hold of objects. There are up to 128 (more usually 64-75) hollow tentacles fringing the margin of the bell. These have several rings of nematocysts along their length.

A cemetery and rubble from earlier settlements are located near the middle of the west coast, where the boat landing area is located. There are no ports or harbors, with anchorage prohibited offshore. The narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard, so there is a day beacon near the old village site. Baker's abandoned World War II runway, long, is completely covered with vegetation and is unserviceable.

For example, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources defines littoral as that portion of the lake that is less than 15 feet in depth. The littoral zone may form a narrow or broad fringing wetland, with extensive areas of aquatic plants sorted by their tolerance to different water depths. Typically, four zones are recognized, from higher to lower on the shore: wooded wetland, wet meadow, marsh and aquatic vegetation.Keddy, P.A. 2010.

Sinks Valley is a 24.9 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Kesgrave, on the eastern outskirts of Ipswich in Suffolk. This site has diverse semi-natural habitats, with alder and oak woodland, a brook with fringing swamp, wet and dry grassland, spring fed fen and heath. Areas grazed by rabbits have a short turf rich in lichens, mosses and herbs. The nationally uncommon mossy stonecrop grows on paths.

Most of the islands are steep, with unstable soils and little permanent fresh water. One estimate, made in 2005, is that only 9% of land is used for agriculture (7% with permanent crops, plus 2% considered arable). The shoreline is mostly rocky with fringing reefs and no continental shelf, dropping rapidly into the ocean depths. There are several active volcanoes in Vanuatu, including Lopevi, Mount Yasur and several underwater volcanoes.

The program supports sub-pixel rendering to optimize image quality for LCD displays. Although RGB vertical striped arrays are common, Saffron can also render to alternative pixel patterns such as RGB delta arrays, which are often used on digital camera LCDs. In addition, prototype implementations of Saffron are optimized for Clairvoyante's PenTile patterns. During sub-pixel rendering, the program reduces color fringing artifacts that would otherwise be visible at small sizes.

The Cochin Port Trust (Madras), commandeered the areas fringing the Mattancherry Channel north-west of the island and built fine buildings and a solid wharf. The rest of the land lay open with an abundance of grass and shrubbery growing in great profusion . An Indian Naval Training Establishment, INS Venduruthy has been named after it. Two important defense schools at Venduruthy are—the Gunnery School and the Navigation and Direction School.

Leucospermum saxatile only occurs in a narrow zone of so-called arid fynbos, along the northern slopes of the Langeberg near Riversdale district, fringing the renosterveld of the Little Karroo, from Rietvlei westwards to Muiskraal, a distance of just 30 km (20 mi), at an altitude of 450–600 m (1500–2000 ft). Locally dense stands either scramble over the neighboring shrubs or spread across the barren rock.

Habitat loss in this ecoregion is so extensive, and the remaining habitat is so fragmented, that it is difficult to ascertain the composition of the original vegetation of this ecoregion. According to Champion and Seth (1968), the freshwater swamp forests are characterised by Heritiera minor, Xylocarpus molluccensis, Bruguiera conjugata, Sonneratia apetala, Avicennia officinalis, and Sonneratia caseolaris, with Pandanus tectorius, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Nipa fruticans along the fringing banks.

A key policy question that may not be clearly answered for some time is how regulatory protection of wetlands will be affected or reduced as a result of the decision. Many types of isolated wetlands are not physically adjacent to navigable waters and under a broad reading of the decision, would lack regulation. Major wetland types that potentially would not be regulated include prairie potholes of the Upper Midwest, wet meadows, river fringing wetlands along small non-navigable rivers and streams, lake fringing wetlands for smaller non-navigable lakes, many forested wetlands, playas and vernal ponds of Texas and other areas of the west, seeps and spring, flats, bogs and large amounts of tundra in Alaska. A new report by the Department of Interior's Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that in 1997, there were of wetlands on public and private lands in the conterminous United States and that between 1986 and 1997, a net of of wetlands was lost.

The best place to do diving is Una Una volcano island. Based on Badan Koordinasi Survei dan Pemetaan Nasional (Bakosurtanal) or Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping, there are 33 dive sites disperses from north to south beaches of the Togian Islands with fringing reefs, barrier reefs, patch reefs and atolls. The area has the third most biodiversity in the world and is a series of Bunaken National Marine Park and Raja Ampat Islands.

30 April 2012. . Steep, cliff-backing abrasion coastline The coastline along the western part of the nation consists of very steep, cliffed rock formations generally with vegetative slopes descending down and a fringing beach below. The various sedimentary, metamorphic, and volcanic rock formations assembled along a tectonically disturbed environment, all with altering resistances running perpendicular, cause the ridged, extensive stretch of uplifted cliffs that form the peninsulas, lagoons, and valleys.Collins, B., and N. Sitar.

Eil Malk or Mecherchar is the main island of the Mecherchar Islands, an island group of Palau in the Pacific Ocean. In a more narrow sense, just the southeastern peninsula of Mecherchar is called Eil Malk. It is located 23 kilometers southwest of Koror near the fringing reef of Palau. Eil Malk (Mecherchar) This densely wooded island has the shape of a letter Y, is up to 6 km long and 4.5 km wide.

Kuria is an atoll, formed by a pair of islets, in the Central Gilbert Islands in Kiribati, northwest of Aranuka. The two islets, Buariki and Oneeke, are separated by a 20 metre wide channel on a shallow water platform (Te breeti), which is crossed by a bridge of the connecting road. The islands are surrounded by fringing reef which is broadest on the eastern side of Kuria. The population of Kuria was 1,046 in 2015.

Planar technologies are used at microwave frequencies and make use of printed circuit tracks as transmission lines. As well as interconnections, these lines can be used to form components of functional units such as filters and couplers. Planar lines readily couple to each other when in close proximity, an effect called parasitic coupling. The coupling is due to fringing fields spreading from the edges of the line and intersecting adjacent lines or components.

Hikkaduwa National Park is one of the three marine national parks in Sri Lanka. The national park contains a fringing coral reef of high degree of biodiversity. The area was declared a wildlife sanctuary on May 18, 1979, and then on August 14, 1988, upgraded to a nature reserve with extended land area. The growth of the number of visitors in the next 25 years increased the degradation of the coral reef.

Dunk Island is also home to reptiles such as pythons, tree snakes, geckos and skinks. The island's fringing reefs and surrounding waters are home to an array of marine life such as sea turtles, dugongs, corals, fish, shellfish and crabs. Purtaboi Island (the small island directly out from Dunk Island) is closed and inaccessible for guests from October through to April each year due to the crested terns nesting on the island.

The reservoir is owned by Yorkshire Water. The reservoir and the surrounding woodlands are both Sites of Special Scientific Interest.Natural England Eccup Reservoir SSSI – overall The western end of the reservoir is the most vegetated. Fringing vegetation includes shore-weed (Littorella uniflora) and amphibious bistort (Persicaria amphibia), and such sedges as bottle sedge (Carex rostrata) and bladder sedge (Carex vesicaria), as well as taller stands of bulrush (Typha latifolia) and common spike-rush (Eleocharis palustris).

These structures formed as volcanoes in the Mesozoic ocean. Fringing reefs may have developed on the volcanoes, which then became barrier reefs as the volcano subsided and turned into an atoll, and which surround a lagoon or a tidal flat. The crust underneath these seamounts tends to subside as it cools, and thus the islands and seamounts sink. Continued subsidence balanced by upward growth of the reefs led to the formation of thick carbonate platforms.

NASA astronaut image of Kanacea Island, Lau Archipelago, Fiji Kanacea (pronounced ) (Kanathea) is a volcanic island with seven peaks in Fiji's Lau archipelago. It is 15 km west of Vanua Balavu. Covering an area of , it has a maximum elevation of 259 meters. The island features a coconut plantation and many streams, and is circled by great beaches and fringing reefs with a boat opening and a large lagoon on the northeastern side.

Vegetation is abundant but of very limited variety. Main food staples are pulaka (Cyrtosperma merkusii) or swamp taro that is grown in the pits; breadfruit, coconut and pandanus is also cultivated. A fringing reef surrounds the whole island, which makes local fishing and transport into and out of the island difficult. In March 2015 Niutao suffered damage to houses, crops and infrastructure as the result of storm surges caused by Cyclone Pam.

Chromatic aberration is the phenomenon of different colors focusing at different distances from a lens. In photography, chromatic aberration produces soft overall images, and color fringing at high-contrast edges, like an edge between black and white. Astronomers face similar problems, particularly with telescopes that use lenses rather than mirrors. Achromatic lenses are corrected to bring two wavelengths into focus in the same plane – typically red (~0.590 µm) and blue (~0.495 µm).

John Paul Jones Memorial Park is located between Hunter and Newmarch Streets in southern Kittery, just north of the Piscataqua River. The two roadways carry one-way traffic in opposite directions, to and from the Memorial Bridge to Badger's Island and Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The park is roughly , in size, and trapezoidal in shape. It is mostly a flat grassy area, with trees fringing the border and a few specimen trees dotting the park.

The reef slope is found at the outer edge of the fringing reef, closest to the open ocean. This area of the reef is often quite steep and descends either to a relatively shallow sand bottom or to depths too great to allow the growth of coral. Coral grows much more abundantly on this slope, both in numbers and in species diversity. This is mostly because runoff and sediments are less concentrated here.

The sediments that are present within the environment cause increased turbidity and may smother some organisms. The corals present on the fringing reefs use four processes to get rid of sediments which include polyp distension, tentacular movement, ciliary action and mucus production. The corals that are present then are thus likely those that can get rid of the sediments the best. Bloodling also known as brooding corals have higher growth and reproduction rates than others.

The total land area (excluding peripheral reefs) is around . The coral reef surrounding the seaward side of the atoll is generally broad, flat, and shallow around below mean sea level in most locations and varying from in width. This fringing seaward reef shelf comprises an area around . At the outer edge of the reef shelf, the bottom slopes very steeply into deep water, at some locations dropping to more than within of the shore.

The island was named after HMS Pelorus, flagship on the Australia Station 1860-62. In 2017 the Morris family bought Pelorus Island, who own the Northern Escape Collection; Chris Morris being the Computershare mogul. On behalf of the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA), Constructions Pty Limited designed and constructed a navigation structure and helipad to service the structure. Pelorus is surrounded by spectacular fringing reefs that can be accessed by snorkelling right off the beach.

Tuvana-i-Colo is an uninhabited atoll in the southeastern part of the island state of Fiji in the Pacific Ocean. It is the second most southern atoll of the Lau archipelago and represents Fiji's third most southern landmass. It is located about 25 km south of Ono-i-Lau, the southernmost inhabited Fijian atoll, and 8 kilometres east-northeast of the neighboring atoll Tuvana-i-Ra. It is completely surrounded by a fringing reef.

Raine Island is a vegetated coral cay dominated by low herbaceous annual vegetation (Batianoff et al. 1993). The cay is composed of a central core of phosphate rock surrounded by sand and extensive fringing reefs. It lies just off the eastern edge of the continental shelf, next to a shipping channel known as the Raine Island Entrance and Pandora entrance. The entrance allows shipping to enter the water of the Great Barrier Reef.

KPVU 91.3 FM is a college radio station located on the campus of Prairie View A&M; University in Prairie View, Texas, 25 miles northwest of Houston's city limits. The station's playlist mainly consists of jazz, but at other times it plays Urban AC-level R&B; and Gospel as well. The signal is a rimshot over the northwestern portions of the Greater Houston area, fringing out over parts of the city.

Acropora donei is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by J. Veron and Carden Wallace in 1984. Found in fringing reefs and the upper slopes of shallow reefs, it occurs at depths of . The species is rated as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, with a decreasing population, and is affected by disease. It is not common but found over a large area, and is listed under CITES Appendix II.

Unfortunately, the resultant image quality is very soft, and there are also extremely high levels of edge fringing, making the hack unsuitable for conventional video and still image capture.iscorama focus moding comes with problems. Iscorama - All about anamorphic adapters. The second of the Iscorama 42ʼs unique features was its ratcheting anamorphic alignment mechanism, which was actuated by sliding the rubber grip section at the rear of the lens forward by two millimetres.

Acropora horrida is a species of acroporid coral that was first described by James Dwight Dana in 1846. Found in tropical, shallow reefs in marine environments, it occurs near fringing reefs around turbid water, at depths of . It is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List, and it is thought to have a decreasing population. It is not common and found over a large area, and is listed under CITES Appendix II.

The Mexican state of Tabasco is home to the Chontal Maya. Tabasco is a Mexican state with a northern coastline fringing the Gulf of Mexico. In its capital, Villahermosa, Parque Museo la Venta is known for its zoo and colossal stone sculptures dating to the Olmec civilization. The grand Museo de Historia de Tabasco chronicles the area from prehistoric times, while the Museo Regional de Antropología has exhibits on native Mayan and Olmec civilizations.

Computational Electromagnetic Modeling (CEM) uses various methods to numerically calculate an antenna pattern. To the untrained eye, this may seem a trivial process. Although, with some research and thought, one will realize that all local structures affect the radiation pattern either by reflection, absorption, refraction, fringing, or being a part of the radiating structure. Some structure which is not local will also cause these items and more including blockage and 're-radiation'.

The Olango group of islands is an island group composed of the island of Olango and six satellite islets. The six neighboring islets are Sulpa, Gilutongan (also spelled Hilutangan), Nalusuan, Caohagan, Pangan-an, and Camungi. These are bound by continuous fringing reefs (steep reef wall on the west and sloping reef at the east coast of Olango) and reef flats. The islands are low-lying with elevation reaching no more than above sea level.

Ron Courtney Island is a small uninhabited river island in the Swan River, located in the suburb of Ascot in Perth, Western Australia. It was named in honour of the first chairman of the Swan River Conservation Board, which was formed in . The island has a stand of flooded gum and a fringing community of shorerush and lake club rush. The understorey is predominantly exotic grass species which gives the island a parkland character.

Royston Island was formed about 7000 years ago following the rise of sea levels at the start of the Holocene.Robinson et al, 1996, Page 15 Royston Island consists of a calcarenite upper layer over a “pronounced ridge of Lincoln Complex granite.” Royston Island is fringed partly on its north-west and south-east ends by fringing reefs while the waters surrounding its extent drop to a depth of within a distance of on its westside.

In Darwin's global hypothesis, vast areas where the seabed was being elevated were marked by fringing reefs, sometimes around active volcanoes, and similarly huge areas where the ocean floor was subsiding were indicated by barrier reefs or atolls based on inactive volcanoes. These views received general support from deep sea drilling results in the 1980s. His idea that rising land would be balanced by subsidence in ocean areas has been superseded by plate tectonics, which he did not anticipate.

View of Little Langdale Tarn and Swirl How Little Langdale Tarn is a natural tarn within a marshy area of the valley. The area around the tarn is managed by the National Trust and has no public access. It is typical Southern Cumbrian meso- oligotrophic tarn, whilst not at a particularly high altitude itself it has a mean catchment altitude 520 m. The tarn and approximately 30 ha of its fringing habitats were designated a SSSI in 1965.

North Sea cliff Towards the south the firths give way to a cliff coast, which was formed by the moraines of Ice Age glaciers. The horizontal impact of waves on the North Sea coast gives rise to eroded coasts. The cliff landscape is interrupted in southern England by large estuaries with their corresponding fringing marshes, notably the Humber and the Thames. There are skerries in southern Norway formed by similar action to that which created the fjords and firths.

Located on St. John's south shore, Salt Pond Bay is a protected bay and beach. The beach can be reached by hiking a short trail from Route 107, about south of Coral Bay. The bay is a popular snorkeling spot and has fringing reefs on both sides of the bay, sea grass in the center, and a deep coral reef far out in the middle of the bay. Overnight and day use mooring balls are available for boaters.

N. australis has palp morphology and fringing on its first pair of legs very similar to that seen in N. nojimai Ikeda 1995, from Japan. N. taylori is most similar in morphology to N. sumatranus from Indonesia and N. kovblyuki from the Crimea and elsewhere. The genus is common and widespread in litter throughout Australia, from the highlands of Tasmania through the hot, dry inland to the wet tropics and includes many undescribed species.Richardson, B. J. (2013).

A baseline, as defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is the line along the coast from which the seaward limits of a state's territorial sea and certain other maritime zones of jurisdiction are measured, such as a state's exclusive economic zone. Normally, a sea baseline follows the low-water line of a coastal state. When the coast is deeply indented, has fringing islands or is highly unstable, straight baselines may be used.

Its interior is forested, with mangroves fringing the coastal areas, and some agricultural land in the north. The small settlement of Wamega is situated on the north-west coast. Warir has long been used for cultivation, and it has been important for the people of Samate and Kalobo villages of Salawati. For about a year during World War II, the island was inhabited by the people of Samate who had fled the Japanese occupation of their village.

Most species of frogs were recorded on the western plains. This reflects the requirement for seasonal ponds for breeding and an intolerance to salt spray. Sixty-four reptile species are recorded which represents around 10 percent of Australian native species and include members of all families of land and freshwater reptiles. There are more than 30 islands and small inlets in the place and many have fringing reefs with coral cover varying from 7 to 66 percent.

Since then, it is controlled by Transnistrian authorities, although it has been formally in the demilitarized zone established at the end of the conflict. Most of the city's remaining Jews emigrated after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Moldovan authorities control the commune of Varnița, a suburb fringing the city to the north. Transnistrian authorities control the suburban communes of Proteagailovca, which borders the city to the west and Gîsca, which borders the city to the south-west.

The dense fringing vegetation around the lake extends for from the edge of the lake. The over-storey consists mostly of swamp favouring species Banksia littoralis, paperbark Melaleuca cuticularis, wonnich Callistachys lanceolata and the common peppermint tree Agonis flexuosa. The woolly bush Adenanthos sericeus make up the bulk of the mid storey with an understorey consisting mostly of sedges Lepidosperma gladiatum or Lepidosperma effusum and rushes Baumea juncea. Banksia sessilis (budjan) is also found around the site.

Location of Rangiroa in French Polynesia The atoll consists of about 415 motus, islets and sandbars comprising a total land area of about 170 km². There are approximately one hundred narrow passages (passes), called hoa, in the fringing reef. The atoll has a flattened elliptic shape, with 80 km in length and a width ranging from 5 to 32 km wide. The width of land reaches 300 to 500 meters wide and its circumference totals up to 200 km.

The lake stretches for upstream from the Diversion Dam at towards the larger Lake Argyle dam at . At the town of Kununurra the lake is connected to Lily Creek Lagoon. It contains Freshwater Crocodiles and 21 fish species, and is widely used for recreational fishing and boating by the residents of Kununurra and tourists. Because of the stable water levels in Lake Kununurra and its associated wetlands, it has well-developed fringing vegetation of grassland, rushes and woodland.

Geckos of the genus Oedura are mostly arboreal and nocturnal, and have flattened bodies that are distinctly patterned. They are secretive tree or rock dwellers, usually concealing themselves beneath peeling bark or in cracks and crevices. A species found in the Kimberley region, Oedura filicipoda, is named for the plumose fringing on the toes that may assist in clinging to rocky overhangs. All species are adapted to their dry conditions and can go for months without food or water.

The process of atoll formation may take as long as 30,000,000 years. Island with fringing reef in the Maldives A coral atoll in the Maldives Keep-up: These reefs grow at the same rate that sea level rises. Catch-up: These reefs initially grow more slowly than sea level rises, but eventually catch up when the rise in sea level slows or stops. Give-up: These reefs are not able to grow fast enough and are "drowned out".

Lizard Island is a high granite island about seven square kilometres in size, with three smaller islands nearby (Palfrey, South and Bird). Together these islands form the Lizard Island Group and their well-developed fringing reef encircles the ten- metre deep Blue Lagoon. The Lizard Island Group is a mid-shelf reef, situated 30 kilometres from the Australian mainland. Most reef and island types characteristic of the Great Barrier Reef are accessible from the Research Station.

Pressure Bay is an arm of Robertson Bay, 3 nautical miles (6 km) wide, lying between Cape Wood and Birthday Point along the north coast of Victoria Land. Charted and named in 1911 by the Northern Party, led by Campbell, of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13. The Northern Party experienced great difficulty in sledging across the pressure ice fringing the shore of Robertson Bay. This pressure was caused by the adjacent Shipley Glacier descending to the sea ice.

Very little of the catchment is cleared so the stream system and the lake are in almost pristine condition. The lake itself is essentially a large sedge swamp with large stands of Baumea articulata with a fringing forest of paperbark and Agonis. The lake forms part of the Two Peoples Bay and Mount Manypeaks Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its significance in the conservation of several rare and threatened bird species.BirdLife International. (2011).

The in-stream vegetation includes fool's water cress (Apium nodiflorum), water starwort and duckweed species in areas of low flow. Fringing the river is fool’s water cress, water dropwort (Oenanthe crocata), water mint, clustered dock (Rumex conglomeratus, soft rush, marsh-bedstraw (Galium palustre), horsetails (Equisetum spp.), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), willows (Salix spp) and silver birch (Betula pendula). Brown trout (Salmo trutta) and salmon (Salmo salar) are the fish species most likely to be found in the Finnery.

Kaaawa is north of Kāneohe Bay (north of Kaōio Point, also Kalaeokaōio), and the Pacific Ocean shore here is fronted by a broad fringing reef with a narrow, but quite inviting beach (Kanenelu Beach, Kalaeōio Beach Park, and Kaaawa Beach Park). The around-the-island-highway (Kamehameha Highway, State Rte. 83) and the houses and other buildings comprising the town, are confined to a relatively narrow belt along the coast. However, a long valley extends inland.

Also, several of the beaches within the Park constitute the last remaining nesting sites in mainland Vietnam for small numbers of endangered Green Turtles and other marine turtles on the IUCN Red List. The fringing coral reefs are also particularly rich with 307 species recorded, and are generally in good to excellent condition. The most recent surveys by WWFDeVantier, L. 2003. Reef-building corals and coral communities of Nui Chua Nature Reserve, Ninh Thuan, Vietnam: Rapid Ecological Assessment of biodiversity.

Coral reef, of the fringing and hermatypic types, exist along the coast around Ras Mohammad close to the shoreline. More than 220 species of coral are found in the Ras Mohammad area, 125 of them soft coral. The coral reefs are located 50 to 100 cm below the sea surface, and they have a width of 30 to 50 m in most places. Though in some spots on the western coast, the coral reef is 8 to 9 km wide.

Stretches of the shore with muddy or stony substrates provide niches for bur marigold and the scarce tasteless water-pepper and small water-pepper. The lake supports nationally important numbers of great cormorant (averaging around 200) and notable concentrations of whooper swan, wigeon, teal, mallard, grey heron and lapwing. Curlew and lapwing also nest in the fringing marshes. The plant communities along the lake margins are of note and combine with over wintering bird numbers to make Lough Ramor an important wetland site.

Jacobs Peninsula is a massive peninsula, long and wide, extending east from Nash Range into the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The peninsula rises to over and is ice-covered except for fringing spurs, as at Cape May, the northeastern extremity. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Stanley S. Jacobs, an oceanographer at Columbia University's Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, who made physical/chemical observations in the Southern Ocean, including the Ross Sea area, between 1963 and 2000.

Mauke is a raised coral atoll, with a central volcanic plateau surrounded by a jagged fossilised coral makatea which extends up to one mile inland. A narrow layer of swamps lies between the makatea and the plateau. The entire island is surrounded by a fringing reef, pierced by six passages, and sits atop an extinct volcano rising from the ocean floor. The volcanic soil in the island's center is relatively fertile, so it is called "The Garden of the Islands".

Typical riparian habitat of the buff-sided robin with fringing Melaleuca leucadendra, Nauclea orientalis and Barringtonia acutangula. Eastern Northern Territory The buff-sided robin is largely confined to dense riparian vegetation, and subcoastal and sandstone monsoon vine-thickets. At riparian sites, it prefers thickets of freshwater mangrove, pandanus, and bamboo. The core riparian forest habitat of the buff-sided robin is characterised by canopy and sub-canopy trees, including Melaleuca leucadendra, Nauclea orientalis, Ficus, Terminalia, Pandanus aquaticus, and Barringtonia acutangula.

Because of the lifting, the current shoreline is relatively recent and supports only short sections of nearshore fringing reef, unlike the extensive barrier reef found on the main island of New Caledonia, Grande Terre. The narrow beaches of Maré are often backed by cliffs. Villages include, from north-southwards, Roh, Thogone, Kaewatine, Tenane, Hnawayaca, Wakuaori, Menaku, Padawa, Kaewaura, Pakada, Atha, Tadurehmu, Nece, La Roche, Tuo, Miramas, Wakone, Hanadid, Rawa, Tawainedr, Mebuet, Tadine, Cuaden, Cengeite, Penelo, Patho, Wabao, Medu, Kurin, and Eni.

In 1889, Rear Admiral L.A. Kimberly USN visited Tutuila and selected a site for a future U.S. naval station. Roughly seventeen acres of land were purchased for a total price of $3,241.79. The construction of the wooden-floored steel dock, storehouse and manager's dwelling did not commerce for another ten years. A water reservoir in the hills behind the station was also constructed, and the expansion of the site begun by filling in Pago Pago Bay to the edge of the fringing reef.

Kosrae International Airport is an airport serving Kosrae, the easternmost state of the Federated States of Micronesia. It is located on an artificial island within the fringing reef about 150 meters from the coast and is connected to the main island by a causeway. The airport has been continuously served by the United Airlines (formerly Continental Micronesia) Island Hopper service between Guam and Honolulu, which stops twice weekly at Kosrae in each direction. Kosrae is three jogs from both Guam and Honolulu.

Kamenev Bight () is a shallow embayment about wide in the ice shelf fringing the coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. Cape Krasinskiy, an ice cape, marks the western end of the bight which lies northwest of the Schirmacher Hills. The bight was photographed from the air by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in 1958–59 and was mapped from these photos. It was also mapped in 1961 by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition who named it for S.S. Kamenev, an organizer of Arctic expeditions.

The Tubbataha Reef is situated on the Cagayan Ridge, composing of extinct underwater volcanoes. Being a true atoll structure, it is believed that the atolls of Tubbataha were formed thousands of years ago as fringing reefs and volcanic islands. This is based on Charles Darwin's theory that atolls are formed when a volcano erupts and afterwards an island is born. When the volcanoes became extinct and the islands subsided over a long time, only the corals remain, growing towards the sunlight.

Location of Anvers Island in the Antarctic Peninsula region. The Lajarte Islands () are a group of islands fringing the north coast of Anvers Island, close west of Cape Grönland and 1.5 km east-northeast of Lapteva Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. The islands were discovered by a German expedition under Eduard Dallmann, 1873–74. They were charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for Captain Dufaure de Lajarte of the French Navy.

Fevers (probably a combination of cholera and yellow fever) continued to plague the settlement, situated as it was along the wetlands fringing the Wabash River. An arsonist was thought to have attempted to burn down one of the dwelling houses in February 1820. Spring floods in 1820 damaged the Shaker's mills.Diary of Samuel Swan McClelland By September 1826, the unanimous decision of the Shaker Elders at West Union and throughout the wider community of Shakers was that the settlement should be closed.

The calyx has five sepals in the form of awns almost as long as the petals. After the flowers have dropped, the calyces together with the bracts form a spiky ball that may be the reason for the "pincushion" common name. The calyx is persistent and remains as a crown on the fruit after it is shed. The corolla has four to five lobes fringing a narrow funnel with a furry throat, the funnel being somewhat longer than the lobes.

Fringing between multiple genres, including thriller, science fiction and police procedural, the series remained ambiguous regarding its central plot, with the character himself unsure about his situation. The series also starred Harvey Keitel, Jonathan Murphy, Michael Imperioli, and Gretchen Mol. Life on Mars garnered critical praise for its premise, acting, and depiction of the 1970s. Shortly after its premiere, the show's momentum was interrupted by a two-month hiatus followed by a timeslot change which led to a decline in viewership.

Grey stinkwood Australasian bittern Baillon's crake Thomsons Lake Nature Reserve, including the lake and adjacent woodland, has an area of . The lake is a shallow, brackish, seasonal lake with a large area of open water when full. It has extensive fringing sedgeland typical of the Swan Coastal Plain, and is a major breeding site, migration stop-over and semi-permanent drought refuge area for waterbirds. It usually dries out during the summer, though occasionally retaining some water through the year.

Chuuk Lagoon is part of the larger Caroline Islands group. The area consists of eleven major islands (corresponding to the eleven municipalities of Truk lagoon, which are Tol, Udot, Fala-Beguets, Romanum, and Eot of Faichuk group, and Weno, Fefen, Dublon, Uman, Param, and Tsis of Namoneas group) and forty-six smaller ones within the lagoon, plus forty-one on the fringing coral reef, and is known today as the Chuuk islands, part of the Federated States of Micronesia in the Pacific Ocean.

In 1887 McKinnon was employed by the Otago Survey Department to try to find a tourist route into Milford Sound. He was unsuccessful in this first attempt but hopeful that a pass could be discovered. In 1888 the Otago Survey Department again employed McKinnon, this time with Ernest Mitchell. They were instructed to cut a track up the river and to find a pass while C.W. Adams, the chief surveyor, took a party to survey the country fringing Milford Sound.

Its natural habitat is arid, mesic or moist savannas and woodland, often dominated by thorn trees or thorn shrub (Dichrostachys, etc.). It is however also commonly found in miombo and mopane woodland, and is one of the commonest bird species on the Mozambican coastal plain. It is also present in the Eastern Highlands and the East African uplands below 2,000 m. In addition it utilizes some ecotones including edges of cultivation, fringes of dense woodland and woodland fringing the Okavango delta.

The beach of Andavadoaka Andavadoaka is a small fishing village located on the southwest coast of Madagascar. It is located in the Morombe District of the Southwest Region, 45 km south of the town of Morombe. in the region of Atsimo- Andrefana. The village lies on the edge of a shallow lagoon protected from the open ocean by a series of fringing and submerged barrier reefs that support substantial coral growth, providing a vital resource base for a local artisanal fishery.

Courtesy of Wide Screen Museum William Friese-Greene invented another additive color system called Biocolour, which was developed by his son Claude Friese-Greene after William's death in 1921. William sued George Albert Smith, alleging that the Kinemacolor process infringed on the patents for his Bioschemes, Ltd.; as a result, Smith's patent was revoked in 1914. Both Kinemacolor and Biocolour had problems with "fringing" or "haloing" of the image, due to the separate red and green images not fully matching up.

Palikir () is the capital city of the Federated States of Micronesia located in the western Pacific Ocean. A town of slightly under 5,000 residents, it is part of the larger Sokehs municipality, which had a population of 7,000 , out of the nation's total population of 106,487. It is situated on the northwest side of Pohnpei island (population 33,000), a high volcanic island surrounded by a fringing coral reef. Nearby to the northeast is the island's largest settlement, the coastal town of Kolonia.

The former vicarage, now known as "Marshfield House", whose front was rebuilt in the 1730s by Mrs Dionysia Long, is particularly handsome with its barn, stable block, and large walled garden fringing the market place. It has four storeys, including a basement and extensive attics. The vicarage did not have electricity until the 1950s, in fact only two of the floors had electricity in the early 1980s. The last vicar to inhabit the old vicarage was Rev John Miskin Prior.

The climate is equatorial, with little rainfall, constant wind, and strong sunshine. The terrain is low-lying and sandy: a coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef with a depressed central area devoid of a lagoon with its highest point being above sea level. The island now forms the Baker Island National Wildlife Refuge and is an unincorporated and unorganized territory of the U.S. which vouches for its defense. It is visited annually by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Phrynobatrachus jimzimkusi occurs in calm, pool-like passages of rapid streams in montane forests, including stream-fringing forests in montane savanna, at elevations of above sea level. Furthermore, it can sometimes be found along streams in open grassland, especially at higher elevations, and can persist in very degraded habitats, even in those without canopy cover. Females attach clutches of eggs in small groups to root hairs or vegetation floating in the water column. The tadpoles live in pools in streams.

Summer in Maceió. The state's name originates with the lakes along its coast near the city of Maceió. The coast is bordered by fringing reefs and many fine beaches. Behind the beaches, sometimes only hundreds of meters and defined by steep scarps, lies a stretch of green coastal hills having enough rainfall for considerable agriculture and scarce remnants of the Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Rain Forest) that now is largely limited to steep hill tops or steep valley sides and bottoms.

Okidaitōjima is a relatively isolated coralline island, located approximately south of Minamidaitōjima, the largest island of the archipelago, and south of Kitadaitōjima. Naha, Okinawa, is to the northwest. As with the other islands in the archipelago, Okidaitōjima is an uplifted coral atoll with a steep coastal cliff of limestone (the former fringing coral reef of the island), and a depressed center (the former lagoon of the island). The island is roughly triangular in shape, with a circumference of about and an area of .

One can even discern the color-fringing of the edge of Snell's window, due to variation of the refractive index, hence of the critical angle, with wavelength (see Dispersion). diamond. The critical angle influences the angles at which gemstones are cut. The round "brilliant" cut, for example, is designed to refract light incident on the front facets, reflect it twice by TIR off the back facets, and transmit it out again through the front facets, so that the stone looks bright. Diamond (Fig.

An individual leaf of P. ciliare seen under a microscope, with the fringing cilia clearly visible. Ptilidium ciliare grows in loose, reddish-brown to yellow-green tufts, with individual shoots up to 3 mm wide. Its stems are pinnate or bipinnate, with short stubby branching clusters of dense overlapping leaves covering its stem. The leaves are up to 2.8 mm wide and 2.3 mm long, and the leaves are finely serrated or ciliated, the margins extended as fringe-like rows of thin teeth.

Actinopyga echinites is found off the coasts of Asia and Africa, in the tropical Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Its range extends from the Red Sea, the east coast of Africa and Madagascar, to Indonesia, northern Australia, the Philippines, New Guinea and other island groups in the western Pacific. It is found on the seabed in shallow water on reef flats, on fringing flats, in lagoons and estuaries, at depths between . It is often plentiful in seagrass meadows and on rubble.

1893 map showing the island Salsette is dominated by a central mass of hills surrounded by tidal flats. A number of much smaller islands lay on its western flank. These included Bandra, Juhu (an old linear sand bar rising above sea level by just a metre or two), Versova, Marve Island, Dharavi Island and Rai Murdhe, all with a knoll core and fringing wave-cut platforms and sandy beaches. These islands seem to have remained separate until as late as 1808.

Haystack Island is about south- west of Stenhouse Bay. It is described as ‘a narrow wall of sheer cliffs, undermined, indented and marked by fresh scars and rockfalls’ and that ‘has been eroded to a series of tall lobes connected by thin necks of rock that narrow to an almost knife-edge ridge’. It is surrounded by a ‘fringing wave- cut reef’. The island is about long by a maximum width of about and with the tallest lobe having a height of .

The National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa comprises a fringing coral reef ecosystem nestled within an eroded volcanic crater on the island of Tutuila, American Samoa. This smallest and most remote of all the National Marine Sanctuaries is the only true tropical reef in the program. While it is one of the most protected and beautiful, it also bears the scars of some recent and severe natural disasters. The Fagatele Bay portion of the sanctuary is completely contained in the of the bay.

These zones exist to protect the park from excess extraction and fishing. There are seven named reefs adjacent to the island, known as nearshore fringing reefs. The designation of the seven varies; for example, the seventh of the seven is called Great Palm Reef (No 7), 18-054G, Great Palm Reef G, and Reef 18054G. As designated by the GBRMPA, Great Palm Island has the number 18-054, and the seven reefs are a, b, c, d, e, f, and g.

Karimunjawa's coral reefs are made up of fringing reefs, barrier reefs and several patch reefs. They have an extraordinary wealth of species: 51 genera with more than 90 species of coral biota and 242 species of ornamental fish. Two protected biota species, black coral (Antiphates sp.) and organ pipe coral (Tubipora musica), can be found here. Other protected sea biota include the hornet helmet (Cassis cornuta), triton trumpet (Charonia tritonis), chambered nautilus, green shell (Turbo marmoratus), and six species of clam.

Anna Walton (born 18 December 1980) is an English actress known for her roles in Vampire Diary, Mutant Chronicles, and the compassionate Princess Nuala in Hellboy II: The Golden Army. Walton began working as a model while still at Queenswood School in Hertfordshire and later trained in acting at the Oxford School of Drama, from which she graduated in 2004. Walton appeared on NBC's Crusoe.NBC's "Crusoe" heating up the fringing airwaves Walton's brother, Henry, was guitarist for the band Zulu Winter.

Location map of Anvers Island in relation to the Antarctic Peninsula Palmer Station on Arthur Harbour, with a backdrop of the Marr Ice Piedmont Southwest Anvers Island and Palmer Basin is a 3275 km2 Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 7). It lies towards the northern end of the Antarctic Peninsula, encompassing the south-western coastline of Anvers Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, with the adjacent deep marine waters of the Palmer Basin, the shallower Bismarck Strait, and fringing island groups.

Its range covers the Indo-Pacific, but populations are diminishing quickly, and the giant clam has become extinct in many areas where it was once common. The maxima clam has the largest geographical distribution among giant clam species; it can be found off high- or low-elevation islands, in lagoons or fringing reefs. Its rapid growth rate is likely due to its ability to cultivate algae in its body tissue. Although larval clams are planktonic, they become sessile in adulthood.

The main beaches where Allied forces landed during the Battle of Saipan are on the west side of the island, extending from a point south of Garapan southward around Agingan Point and onto Obyan Beach. The landmarked area includes the beaches themselves and the lagoons out to the fringing coral reef. This area includes a small number of remnant Japanese defenses, including several pillboxes, a partially-constructed gun emplacement, and a small Japanese tank that has been set on a pillbox as a sort of monument.

The Ningaloo Coast is a World Heritage Site located in the north west coastal region of Western Australia. The heritage-listed area is located approximately north of Perth, along the East Indian Ocean. The distinctive Ningaloo Reef that fringes the Ningaloo Coast is long and is Australia's largest fringing coral reef and the only large reef positioned very close to a landmass. The coast and reef draw their name from the Australian Aboriginal Wajarri language word ningaloo meaning "promontory", "deepwater", or "high land jutting into the sea".

The parish church, dedicated to St Mary, dates from 1080, and is teamed with those of Yapton and Ford under one vicar. There is a canonical sundial, dating from the 12th century, on the south wall. Fringing the coast towards the River Arun and Littlehampton are the Climping sand dunes, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, which includes areas of rare vegetated shingle. A windmill here predates the mid-18th century and survives, unused for wind power, bereft of its sails but kept up and lived in.

In Australia, mangrove vegetation forms a narrow discontinuous strip along thousands of kilometres of coastline, accommodating birds specialized for the habitat. Eighty Mile Beach in Western Australia has no mangroves and no fringing Melaleuca forests, reducing its potential for successful colonization by nectarivores, and it marks the southern limit of the red- headed myzomela in Western Australia. The red-headed myzomela is occasionally found in swampy woodlands, casuarina woodlands and open forest, particularly those with Pandanus and paperbarks, as well as on coconut farms.

Local historian Hassan Ahmed Maniku counted as many as 59 islands with Buddhist archaeological sites in a provisional list he published in 1990. The largest monuments of the Buddhist era are in the islands fringing the eastern side of Haddhunmathi Atoll. In the early 11th century, the Minicoy and Thiladhunmathi, and possibly other northern Atolls, were conquered by the medieval Chola Tamil emperor Raja Raja Chola I, thus becoming a part of the Chola Empire. Unification of the archipelago is traditionally attributed to King Koimala.

Liquid, Isolator, Substrate The electrowetting effect has been defined as "the change in solid-electrolyte contact angle due to an applied potential difference between the solid and the electrolyte". The phenomenon of electrowetting can be understood in terms of the forces that result from the applied electric field. The fringing field at the corners of the electrolyte droplet tends to pull the droplet down onto the electrode, lowering the macroscopic contact angle and increasing the droplet contact area. Alternatively, electrowetting can be viewed from a thermodynamic perspective.

An extinction cross photographed with a CCD camera using a green laser beam and a polarizer The extinction cross is an optical phenomenon that is seen when trying to extinguish a laser beam or non-planar white light using crossed polarizers. Ideally, crossed (90° rotated) polarizers block all light, since light which is polarized along the polarization axis of the first polarizer is perpendicular to the polarization axis of the second. When the beam is not perfectly collimated, however, a characteristic fringing pattern is produced.

Once the river enters the national park it is flowing through unspoilt bush and has cut magnificent gorges into the plateau of spongolite. Some of the tributaries of the river include Sussetta River, Jacup Creek, Tertup Creek, Tooartup Creek and Martin Creek. The river discharges into Fitzgerald Inlet which covers a total area of , the central basin and barriers have an area of and the delta areas have an area of . The inlet a very shallow estuary, has some fringing vegetation and is wave dominated.

The reason for this high quality processing is: provide proper realistic up and down sampling of images, and photorealistic display regardless of the monitor gamma, without colour fringing caused by 8-bit gamma correction built into the X server. It also increases the perceived colour depth over 24 bits per pixel. Links has graphics drivers for the X Server, Linux framebuffer, svgalib, OS/2 PMShell and AtheOS GUI. This allows it to run in graphics mode even on platforms which don't have X Server.

Some brachiopods do not have a functional pedicle, and thus do not have this pedicle opening. Some early brachiopods – for example strophomenates, kutoringates and obolellates – do not attach using their pedicle, but with an entirely different structure that is confusingly called the "pedicle sheath", despite having no relationship to the pedicle. This structure arises from the umbo of the pedicle valve, at the centre of the earliest (metamorphic) shell at the location of the protegulum. It is sometimes associated with a fringing plate, the colleplax.

Map of Egmont Islands or Six Iles Landsat picture of the atoll Egmont Islands (also known as Egmont Atoll, or Six Iles) is an uninhabited atoll administered by the United Kingdom. They are one of the few emerged coral atolls that make up the Chagos Archipelago, British Indian Ocean Territory. This small atoll lies less than 10km south of the southwestern rim of the Great Chagos Bank submerged coral reef. Its total size is 29km²,Geosociety including the lagoon and the fringing coral reef.

Heron Island is a coral cay located near the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern Great Barrier Reef, north-east of Gladstone, Queensland, Australia, and north-north-west of the state capital Brisbane. The island is situated on the leeward (western) side of Heron Reef, a fringing platform reef of significant biodiversity, supporting around 900 of the 1,500 fish species and 72% of the coral species found on the Great Barrier Reef.University of Queensland Centre for Marine Studies: Island Research Station. Retrieved 2006-JUL-14.

By midwinter up to 55,000 gulls, mostly black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) and common gull (Larus canus), may be roosting. Good numbers of reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) and sedge warblers (A. schoenobaenus) nest in the fringing reeds, along with grebes (Podicipedidae) and Eurasian coots (Fulica atra). Much of the management work carried out in the nature reserve is aimed at encouraging ducks to breed, and small numbers of tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), common pochard (Aythya ferina), common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) and gadwall raise broods most years.

During the Albian erosion and subsidence levelled the volcano, forming a flat surface. A carbonate platform developed on this surface first with fringing reefs and then with barrier reefs. The carbonate platform continued to be active for 10 million years. A research group of the Tokai University after studying dredged samples proposed that the limestones west and east of the central scarp are of different ages and developed at different sea levels: The western part would be of Barremian age and the eastern one of Albian age.

A section of wetland around Lake Muir has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it provides habitat for 10 or more pairs of endangered Australasian bitterns. The wetlands within the IBA are shallow with extensive beds of dense sedgeland and fringing stands of shrubland and woodland. Lake Muir has been excluded from the IBA as it is unsuitable for bitterns but it has supported large numbers of Australian Shelduck and may prove to be globally significant for that species.

Sediments eroded from these highlands were carried east and southward by streams and gradually covered the faulted continental margin, burying it under a wedge, thousands of feet thick, of layered sedimentary and volcanic debris. Today most Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rock layers that lie beneath much of the coastal plain and fringing continental shelf remain nearly horizontal or tilt gently toward the sea. During the Cenozoic, the geology of the different regions diverged. The Appalachians started to uplift, while the Ouachita and Ozarks did not.

Aldermaston Gravel Pits is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Aldermaston in Berkshire. It was purchased by Natural England in 2003. This site consists of mature flooded gravel workings surrounded by dense fringing vegetation, trees and scrub, affording a variety of habitats for breeding birds and a refuge for wildfowl. The irregular shoreline, with islands, promontories, sheltered eutrophic pools and narrow lagoons provides undisturbed habitat for many water birds including surface feeding ducks such as teal (Anas crecca) and shoveler (Anas clypeata).

Corfe Mullen is a dormitory settlement for people working in the nearby towns and cities of Wimborne, Poole, Bournemouth, Ferndown, Verwood and Southampton. It is one of the biggest villages in England. The countryside around the village is split between agriculture and heathland, with woodland to be found fringing most areas, the largest of which is Stoney Down Plantation to the west. The existence of many bridleways criss-crossing the area around the village encourages horse riding, and there are a number of stables nearby.

The toes are moderately webbed and have folded, flap-like fringing. The discs are moderately expanded (the first toe may have weakly expanded disc). The dorsum has grayish brown to orangish brown and bronzy brown ground color and has irregularly pigmented dark brown or blackish brown markings. The latter are usually include a dark inter-orbital bar, a V-shaped to cordiform median dark blotch between arms, a transverse pair of smaller para-vertebral blotches at the midbody, and usually a single, small median posterior blotch.

This type of touchscreen reduces the visible distance between the user's finger and what the user is touching on the screen, reducing the thickness and weight of the display, which is desirable in smartphones. A simple parallel- plate capacitor has two conductors separated by a dielectric layer. Most of the energy in this system is concentrated directly between the plates. Some of the energy spills over into the area outside the plates, and the electric field lines associated with this effect are called fringing fields.

A now dry barrier reef, located in present- day Kimberley Basin of northwest Australia, once extended a thousand kilometres, fringing a Devonian continent. Reefs in general are built by various carbonate-secreting organisms that have the ability to erect wave- resistant structures close to sea level. Although modern reefs are constructed mainly by corals and calcareous algae, the main contributors of the Devonian reefs were different: They were composed of calcareous algae, coral-like stromatoporoids, and tabulate and rugose corals, in that order of importance.

The Apple II's printed circuit board (PCB) underwent several revisions as Steve Wozniak made modifications to it. The earliest version was known as Revision 0, and the first 6,000 units shipped used it. Later revisions added a color killer circuit to prevent color fringing when the computer was in text mode, as well as modifications to improve the reliability of cassette I/O. Revision 0 Apple IIs powered up in an undefined mode and had garbage on-screen, requiring the user to press Reset.

One of the factors at the root of Appalachian economic struggles is the poor infrastructure. Though the region is crisscrossed by many U.S. and interstate highways, those routes primarily serve cross-country traffic rather than local traffic. Towns closer to the major highways and nearer to the many larger cities fringing the region (Pittsburgh, Wheeling, Columbus, Cincinnati, Atlanta, Washington, D.C., etc.) are disproportionately better-off than rural regions in the mountainous interior. Transportation may be the reason which most restricts the development of the economy.

As well, carbonate reefs can be found in the depositional environment that is shallow marine areas; they are host to reefs and organisms that reside in reefs. Recent estimates regarding the numbers of species on coral reefs range from 1–9 million. There are 3 main types of reef formations: fringing reefs, these reefs are attached to the shore, barrier reefs, which are separated from mainland by a lagoon, and atoll reefs. Organisms that live in this environment include red algae, green algae, bivalves and echinoderms.

With the release of the Spotlight Mount, Aputure finally made modular, professional-quality ERS-style (ellipsoidal reflector spotlight) modifiers available for LED point source lights. Utilizing a similar dual-lens optical system to the Fresnel 2X, the Spotlight Mount is able to recreate the look of popular spotlights, such as ETC’s Source Four, complete with redesigned 19°, 26°, and 36° lenses to minimize color fringing. This style of modifier allows you to precisely shape light, using the built-in shutters and the ability to accept gobos.

Apolima is a rim of an extinct volcanic crater with a maximum height of 165 m. It is a little less than one square kilometer in size and the only access to the island is by boat. The tiny island lies northwest off the westernmost edge of Upolu's fringing reef and southwest of Savai'i island. The island's appearance is of an upturned bowl with surrounding steep cliffs and a broad opening to the sea on the northern side which is the main entry point by boat.

The Lazarev Ice Shelf is that part of the ice shelf fringing the Princess Astrid Coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, that lies between Leningradskiy Island and Verblyud Island. It is part of the western Riiser-Larsen Sea and is about long. The ice shelf was first photographed from the air and mapped by the Third German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. It was explored and mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1959, and named for Lieutenant (later Admiral) Mikhail P. Lazarev, commander of the sloop Mirnyy.

Although it is not the favored snorkeling area in St. John, the most popular activity at Gibney Beach is snorkeling. This is due to the accessibility of waters and the waters’ appropriate conditions for the most novice to advanced snorkeling. The snorkeling here is also popular because of the vast array of coral and fish that are visible on the fringing reef in the area. In addition to the plants and animals, there is a sunken sailboat that is accessible to explore while snorkeling.

Solkope is a small and densely wooded island off the southern coast of Rotuma in the Fiji Islands, at the edge of the fringing coral reef. It is separated from the main island of Rotuma by a channel that is between 50 and 200 m wide, and lies immediately southeast of the village of Kalvaka in the district of Noatau. It 765 m long east–west, and up to 515 m wide, and rises to a height of 128 m. Its area is 0.3 km2.

It was decided that the three light horse brigades would advance mounted with the Yeomanry to attack the German and Ottoman right flank.Falls 1930 p. 193 The rearguard force made a very determined stand on a well-prepared line, stretching from Bir El Hamisah to Katia and on to Abu Hamra. Their artillery and machine guns were well placed in the palms fringing the eastern side of a great flat marsh, which stretched right across the front of their position, giving them an excellent field of fire.

Alibijaban is located in the southwestern end of Ragay Gulf approximately from the mainland of Bondoc Peninsula. It is roughly from north to south, and from east to west at its widest point. It is a low-lying island surrounded by a fringing reef which is interspersed with seagrass beds near the shore. The island's central and northern interior are dominated by mangrove wilderness, with most of the population concentrated on two sitios on the island's western and southwestern coast facing San Andres and Bondoc Peninsula.

Island, subsiding asymmetrically within its fringing reef in the Maldives Subsided island leaves a coral lagoon in the Maldives Reef fisheries are fisheries for reef fish and other organisms that live among coral reefs. The Maldives contain 2.86 percent of the world coral reefs. The FAO estimated in 1992 that a sustainable yield of about 30,000 tonnes per year was possible for commercial reef fish. The atoll basins, which are by far the largest part of the Maldivian atolls, were identified as having large reef fish resources.

Having described the principal kinds of reef in detail, his finding was that the actual surface of the reef did not differ much. An atoll differs from an encircling barrier reef only in lacking the central island, and a barrier reef differs from a fringing reef only in its distance from the land and in enclosing a lagoon. The fourth chapter on the distribution and growth of coral reefs examines the conditions in which they flourish, their rate of growth and the depths at which the reef building polyps can live, showing that they can only flourish at a very limited depth. In the fifth chapter he sets out his theory as a unified explanation for the findings of the previous chapters, overcoming the difficulties of treating the various kinds of reef as separate and the problem of reliance on the improbable assumption that underwater mountains just happened to be at the exact depth below sea level, by showing how barrier reefs and then atolls form as the land subsides, and fringing reefs are found along with evidence that the land is being elevated.

Columns in underground hall The subjects of decorating of underground part of station also are devoted the Semyonovsky regiment (which its barracks settled down around a station exit on a surface). The floor is built from green granite Rakhi Green (India) with colour inserts and a fringing from red granite Imperial Red (India). Walls are revetted by marble of Koelga, Kashin's granite mountain and dark green marble Indiana Green (India). The choice of the supplier and stone from India was made by the best expert in a natural stone Vladimir Shestakov.

He also experimented with a system which he called "Biocolour". This process produced the illusion of true colour by exposing each alternate frame of ordinary black-and-white film stock through two or three different coloured filters. Each alternate frame of the monochrome print was then stained red or green (and/or blue). Although the projection of Biocolour prints did provide an impression of true colour, it suffered from noticeable flickering and red and green fringing when the subject was in rapid motion, as did the more popular and famous system, Kinemacolor.

Dublitskiy Bay () is a bay 12 nautical miles (22 km) wide indenting the ice shelf fringing the coast of Queen Maud Land. The bay lies 70 nautical miles (130 km) north of the Sigurd Knolls, and is separated from Kamenev Bight by Cape Krasinskiy. The feature was photographed from the air by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in 1958–59 and mapped from these photos. It was also mapped in 1961 by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition and named for K.A. Dublitskiy, former captain of the icebreaker Fyodor Litke.

Pocillopora verrucosa is native to the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Its wide range extends from East Africa and the Red Sea to Japan, Indonesia, Australia, Hawaii, Easter Island and the western coast of Central America. It is found at depths down to about but is most common between . It is a common species in most of its range and is found on fringing reefs and moderately-exposed reef fronts but is less tolerant than P. damicornis of sediment and is therefore less common in lagoons.

The quality of an SKP measurement is affected by a number of factors. This includes the diameter of the SKP probe, the probe to sample distance, and the material of the SKP probe. The probe diameter is important in the SKP measurement because it affects the overall resolution of the measurement, with smaller probes leading to improved resolution. On the other hand, reducing the size of the probe causes an increase in fringing effects which reduces the sensitivity of the measurement by increasing the measurement of stray capacitances.

The only other tributary of the Oldfield River is Coujinup Creek. The river is regarded as saline with high nutrient levels, moderate sedimentation, moderate fringing vegetation and has a low flood risk. Named as Oldfield river by the settler Michael Simon Dempster in a letter written in 1866, the river is thought to have been named after Augustus Frederick Oldfield a plant collector who was active around the south coast of Western Australia. The river was most likely named by Albert Young Hassell of Jerramungup who explored the area in 1861.

Most of the island's coast is steep and surrounded by a fringing reef together with a series of small islets. There is a woman shaped figure made by trees on the island and a barrier reef about 10 km offshore from the west coast. A 2 km strait separates Simberi from Tatau Island to the south west. Simberi island is a potassium rich (high-K) calc-alkaline island arc volcano, the oldest in the Pliocene to Holocene Tabar-Lihir-Tanga-Feni (TLTF) volcanic arc that formed above a subduction zone.

Unlike some other countries there is no single official "Flag Day" in New Zealand, and no pledge of allegiance to the flag. Flag flying may be encouraged on certain commemorative days, at the discretion of the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage. The flag can only be used as a vehicle flag by certain high-ranking officeholders, including: the Prime Minister and other ministers; ambassadors and high commissioners (when overseas); and the Chief of Defence Force. In such cases, no distinguishing defacement or fringing of the flag is used.

In North and South America as well as Europe, hip wraps are worn as beach wear or as a cover-up over swimwear. The wrap is often made of a thin, light fabric, often rayon, and may feature decorative fringing on both sides. They may have ties, which are long thin straps of fabric which the wearer can tie together to prevent the wrap from falling down. These wraps are mostly worn by women as beach cover ups and do not usually resemble traditional Asian or African sarongs in size, pattern or design.

In the northern part of the Great Barrier Reef, ribbon reefs and deltaic reefs have formed; these structures are not found in the rest of the reef system. There are no atolls in the system, and reefs attached to the mainland are rare. Fringing reefs are distributed widely, but are most common towards the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef, attached to high islands, for example, the Whitsunday Islands. Lagoonal reefs are found in the southern Great Barrier Reef, and further north, off the coast of Princess Charlotte Bay.

Fringing Ingleborough on each side however are impressive areas of limestone pavement. Extensive networks of caves have developed within the limestone strata such as the White Scar Caves, and potholes which attract cavers from all over the country. It is home to England's highest waterfall at Gaping Gill, where the Fell Beck drops vertically down a pothole, into Britain's second largest cavern. The beck re-emerges further down the mountain adjacent to Ingleborough Cave, where visitors can take a guided tour of a floodlit part of the cave system.

Lake Ewlyamartup fringing vegetation The area is part of the Dumbleyung Vegetation System, which is mostly gently undulating with scattered cappings of laterite in the north with salt-flats and lakes found in the larger valleys often with sand deposits. The system is composed of open woodland areas of york gum, red morrell, salmon gum and wandoo while the salt- flats have mallees, teatree and samphire. Other species found on the fringes of the lake include Eucalyptus occidentalis, Eucalyptus spathulata, Allocasuarina huegeliana, Casuarina obesa, Banksia prionotes, Melaleuca pritzelii and Verticordia huegelii var. tridens.

Adults are long with a weight of , and have a black cap and bib with white sides to the face. Their underparts are white with rusty brown on the flanks; their back is grey. They have a short dark bill, short wings and a moderately long tail. Very similar to the black-capped chickadee, the Carolina chickadee is distinguished by the slightly browner wing with the greater coverts brown (not whitish fringed) and the white fringing on the secondary feathers slightly less conspicuous; the tail is also slightly shorter and more square-ended.

Simulations show that such aberration-free designs are applicable to high- numerical aperture lenses such as flat microscope objectives. In 2015 a refined version used an achromatic metasurface to focus different wavelengths of light at the same point, employing a dielectric material rather than a metal. This improves efficiency and can produce a consistent effect by focusing red, blue and green wavelengths at the same point to achieve instant color correction, yielding a color image. The new flat lens does not suffer from the chromatic aberrations, or color fringing, that plague refractive lenses.

Another unphysical property of theoretical infinite networks is that, in general, they will dissipate infinite power unless constraints are placed on them in addition to the usual network laws such as Ohm's and Kirchhoff's laws. There are, however, some real-world applications. The transmission line example is one of a class of practical problems that can be modelled by infinitesimal elements (the distributed-element model). Other examples are launching waves into a continuous medium, fringing field problems, and measurement of resistance between points of a substrate or down a borehole.

There are a number of "high islands" which rise no more than a few feet above sea level, often classified as "islets or rocks", while some "low islands", such as Makatea, Nauru, Niue, Henderson and Banaba, as uplifted coral islands, rise several hundred feet above sea level. The two types of islands are often found in proximity to each other, especially among the islands of the South Pacific Ocean, where low islands are found on the fringing reefs that surround most high islands. Volcanic islands normally arise above a hotspot.

The images were taken between 19:50 and 00:45 UTC. The animation was composed of monochrome images taken in different color filters at 30-second intervals for each frame, resulting in a slight color fringing for the Moon in each finished frame. Due to its position at Sun–Earth , DSCOVR will always see the Moon illuminated and will always see its far side when it passes in front of Earth. On October 19, 2015, NASA opened a new website to host near-live "Blue Marble" images taken by EPIC of Earth.

The Roatán Institute for Marine Sciences (RIMS) was established in 1989 with the primary objective being the preservation of Roatán's natural resources through education and research. RIMS is located in Sandy Bay, specifically in Anthony's Key Resort, on the northwest coast of Roatán with over of fringing and barrier reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, and shoreline. Over the past twenty five years, RIMS has established itself as a teaching institution and is visited by colleges as well as universities from abroad to study nearby tropical marine ecosystems and the bottlenose dolphins kept by the facility.

The Rouse Islands or Rouse Rocks are a small group of islands in the eastern part of Holme Bay in Antarctica, fringing the coast of Mac Robertson Land close south of Welch Island. The Rouse Islands have an elevation of . The Rouse Islands were discovered on February 13, 1931, by the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) under Sir Douglas Mawson, who named them for E. J. Rouse of Sydney, who assisted the expedition with photographic equipment. The Rouse Islands have since been found to be islands.

The Christmas flood of 1964 added large quantities of grey silt on top of the channel sediments, reducing the depth, changing the flora and further reducing fish habitat. The silt was drag line dredged in 1985 and cattle were excluded from the stream bed and fringing verge by 2002 after which adult coastal cutthroat trout were found in the slough. By 2007 crews from the California Conservation Corps had planted more than 1,000 Sitka spruce and red alders as well as 500 willow sprigs and of exclusion fencing.

Spur and groove formations are a geomorphic feature of many coral reefs. They are ridges of reef formed by coral "spurs" separated by channels "grooves" which often have sediment or rubble bed. Spur and groove formations vary in their size and distribution worldwide but are a common feature on many forereefs of fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls which are exposed to moderate wave energy. Spur and groove formations are influenced by the incoming surface waves, and the waves induce a circulation pattern of counter rotating circulation cells.

The crust underneath these volcanoes tends to subside as it cools, and thus the islands and seamounts sink. Fringing reefs may have developed on the volcanoes, which then became barrier reefs as the volcanoes subside and turn into atolls; these rims surround lagoons or tidal flats. Continued subsidence offset by growth of the reefs led to the formation of thick carbonate platforms. Sometimes volcanic activity continued after the formation of the atoll or atoll-like structure, and during episodes where the platforms rose above sea level erosional features such as channels and blue holes developed.

Map of Rurutu c. 1927 Because it is endowed with a fringing reef, Rurutu has in recent years become known for whale watching: Humpback whales come and reproduce here between July and October within easy sighting distance from the beach. Although its tiny community still subsists primarily on fishing and basic agriculture, tourism has been a growing industry, especially since François Mitterrand's visit in 1990. Whale watching season sees the bulk of tourists, but the largely untouched native culture, the white sand beaches, and the lush tropical flora draw small numbers of tourists year-round.

Unlike most compositing processes, SVP shoots two separate elements of the footage simultaneously using a beam- splitter. One reel is regular film stock and the other a film stock with emulsion sensitive only to the sodium vapor wavelength. This results in very precise matte shots compared to blue screen special effects, necessary due to "fringing" of the image from the birds' rapid wing flapping. At Disney, Iwerks worked on the following scenes: the children's party, Melanie driving to Bodega Bay, and the first two cuts of the crow attack sequence.

Fuji Xerox color laser printer C1110B Color laser printers use colored toner (dry ink), typically cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK). While monochrome printers only use one laser scanner assembly, color printers often have two or more. Color printing adds complexity to the printing process because very slight misalignments known as registration errors can occur between printing each color, causing unintended color fringing, blurring, or light/dark streaking along the edges of colored regions. To permit a high registration accuracy, some color laser printers use a large rotating belt called a "transfer belt".

This subsidence along with the recent sea level rise tipped the balance toward subsidence rather than marsh growth. This, along with the canals built in the area, caused decline of the wetlands and also caused less weakening of and less protection from recent hurricanes such as Hurricane Katrina. The Lake Pontchartrain Basin Foundation has developed a comprehensive management plan for the eastern regions of the Louisiana coast, placing emphasis upon restoration of riverine habitats, cypress swamps and fringing marsh. This could be a model applied to other coastal regions.

This bat may use its interfemoral membrane to catch prey and the fringing hairs may have a sensory function. It has been shown that it can land on the ground to pick up and pursue invertebrates that are active at night, and continues to emit search signals in order to locate them precisely. Breeding takes place in the spring and many Natterer's bats may congregate in a nursery roost. After fertilisation, a female normally gives birth to a single offspring after a gestation period of fifty to sixty days, but twins sometimes occur.

The sanctuary encompasses in the islands' waters. It was designated by United States Congress on November 4, 1992, as a National Marine Sanctuary to protect the endangered North Pacific humpback whale and its habitat The sanctuary promotes management, research, education and long-term monitoring. With its boundaries including waters from the shoreline to depths of in many areas, the sanctuary encompasses a variety of marine ecosystems, including seagrass beds and coral reefs. Much of the sanctuary has fringing coral reefs close to shore and deeper coral reefs offshore.

Clownfish at Welcome Bay, Fitzroy Island The fringing reef is a fair distance from the shore at the northern end of Welcome Bay, where it starts at the quite prominent 'Bird Rock'. It runs almost all the way down to the jetty before there is a small gap where the boats come in. The reef starts again near the rocks at the southern end of the beach, and runs around the corner to Nudey Beach. Along this stretch it is extremely close to shore - literally just a few steps from the shore.

There is a variety of biotic reef types, including oyster reefs and sponge reefs, but the most massive and widely distributed are tropical coral reefs. Although corals are major contributors to the framework and bulk material comprising a coral reef; the organisms most responsible for reef growth against the constant assault from ocean waves are calcareous algae, especially, although not entirely, coralline algae. These biotic reef types take on additional names depending upon how the reef lies in relation to the land, if any. Reef types include fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls.

Hawksbill sea turtle in the Elphinstone Reef Nudibranch egg ribbon at Shaab Mahmoud The Red Sea is a rich and diverse ecosystem. More than 1200 species of fish have been recorded in the Red Sea, and around 10% of these are found nowhere else. This also includes 42 species of deepwater fish. Red Sea coral and marine fish The rich diversity is in part due to the of coral reef extending along its coastline; these fringing reefs are 5000–7000 years old and are largely formed of stony acropora and porites corals.

Photographers use these filters to lower natural contrasts by reducing light transmission from the brightest portion of the subject landscape, while letting light from the darker portion of the landscape enter the lens unobstructed. UV-Zero haze filters reduce "purple fringing" caused by ultraviolet light, especially in digital situations. They are also recommended by some professional photographers as protection for the vulnerable lens, especially when outdoors or in dynamic situations. Color filters can create other effects, or compensate for the appearance of unnatural lighting due to camera characteristics.

Originally known as A'ua'u or A'ua'u Enua ("terraced"), the island was named Mangaia (or Mangaianui-Neneva, "Mangaia monstrously-great") by Tamaeu, who came to the island from Aitutaki in 1775. Geologists estimate the island is at least 18 million years old. It rises 4750 m (15,600 ft) above the ocean floor and has a land area of 51.8 km2. Surrounded by a fringing coral reef, like many of the southern Cook Islands, it is surrounded by a high ring of cliffs of fossil coral 60 m (200 ft) high, known as the makatea.

The scallop Pecten has up to 100 millimetre-scale reflector eyes fringing the edge of its shell. It detects moving objects as they pass successive lenses. There is at least one vertebrate, the spookfish, whose eyes include reflective optics for focusing of light. Each of the two eyes of a spookfish collects light from both above and below; the light coming from above is focused by a lens, while that coming from below, by a curved mirror composed of many layers of small reflective plates made of guanine crystals.

Mostly having a flat terrain, the highest elevation of the island reaches about 179 m. The coastline of the whole island is fringed by a fringing reef from the Holocene, measuring about 75 km. The monthly average temperature of the island hovers around 26 C throughout the year, and the local climate is classified as tropical rainforest (Af) in the Köppen climate classification. The island comprises the majority of the populations and territory of 3 out of 4 villages within the Selat Nasik subdistrict: Suak Gual, Petaling and Selat Nasik.

The brown bear is a popular symbol of Russia, particularly in the West. From north to south the East European Plain, also known as Russian Plain, is clad sequentially in Arctic tundra, coniferous forest (taiga), mixed and broad-leaf forests, grassland (steppe), and semi-desert (fringing the Caspian Sea), as the changes in vegetation reflect the changes in climate. Siberia supports a similar sequence but is largely taiga. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves, known as "the lungs of Europe", second only to the Amazon Rainforest in the amount of carbon dioxide it absorbs.

The third expedition was successful in carrying the bore to 1,114 feet (340 m). The results provided support for Charles Darwin's theory of subsidence; in which there are four stages in development of coral reefs: a volcanic island forms, is surrounded by a fringing coral reef, as it subsides slowly a wide barrier reef forms, then after it has sunk below sea level the coral continues to grow forming a circular atoll. However, the geologic history of atolls is more complex than Darwin (1842) and Davis (1920 & 1928) envisioned.

The rich diversity is in part due to the of coral reef extending along its coastline; these fringing reefs are 5000–7000 years old and are largely formed of stony acropora and porites corals. The reefs form platforms and sometimes lagoons along the coast and occasional other features such as cylinders (such as the Blue Hole (Red Sea) at Dahab). These coastal reefs are also visited by pelagic species of Red Sea fish, including some of the 44 species of shark. The Red Sea also contains many offshore reefs including several true atolls.

This karstic mountain range is part of the ranges fringing the Mediterranean coastline in the Costa del Sol area.El karst en los mármoles alpujárrides de las sierras Blanca y Mijas It is located between the coast and the Sierra de las Nieves in the municipal terms of Istán, Ojén, Marbella and Monda. The easiest route to reach it is from Marbella town.Senderismo Marbella The Pico de la Concha (1,270 m), meaning 'Seashell Peak', resembles a seashell seen from the west and is the second highest summit of the range.

Miombo Woodland is the principal type, characterised by a dominance of trees from the genera Brachystegia, Isoberlinia, Julbernardia and Uapaca. Riparian Forest occurs as a narrow evergreen strip following the perennial streams or as a deciduous or semi-deciduous strip fringing the seasonal streams. A typical feature of the riparian forests in Lavushi Manda are the frequent presence of Raphia farinifera (Raphia Palm), which is absent in the nearby Kasanka National Park and most of Bangweulu Game Management Area. Grasslands cover no less than 17% of the park.

With coral sea cliffs teemed with fringing reefs along the west coast, the park features a large number of mountains in the north, and coral tablelands and foothills in the south. The plain, which is formed by fault valleys, has a vast lake called Longluan Lake, together with rising coral tablelands and limestone caves to the east. The east side of the coral tablelands features unique sand rivers and sand waterfalls formed by the combined effects of winds and rivers, as well as coral cliffs, sunken caves and stalactites.

Many groups have been under sampled and insufficiently studied, especially when considering hard bottoms of the intermediate coral reefs and external slopes of the barrier reef. This diversity includes oceanic and continental reefs forming islands, atolls, uplifted reefs, immerged reefs, fringing reefs, barrier reefs, patch reefs and shallow or deep lagoons, is home to endangered dugongs (Dugong dugon) and is an important nesting site for green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). New Caledonia has a remarkable marine fauna due to the abundance of relic organisms from the Mesozoic.,(Vacelet et al.

Today Mire Loch is a valued part of St. Abbs Head National Nature Reserve providing a home for freshwater birds such as little grebe, reed bunting, heron, mute swan, moorhen and sedge warbler. The fringing vegetation which is composed mostly of high reeds provides shelter and food for nesting birds as well as for migrants in spring and autumn. In early summer hundreds of herring gulls and kittiwakes bathe in the loch. In recent years the NTS has planted almost 1000 trees around the loch in an effort to provide extra cover for migrant birds.

The assault force left in two echelons. The Marines of the two assault battalions, the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 4th Marines, traveled on nine high speed transports (APDs) while the remainder of the force were on the dock landing ships (LSDs) , and , and the attack transport (APA) . One LSD carried the 66 LVTs for crossing Emirau's fringing reef, one carried three LCTs, two of them loaded with tanks, and the third carried three LCTs with radar sets and anti-aircraft guns. Supplies and equipment being brought ashore from landing craft to support the US Marine landing force.

The physical gate width may be slightly different from the electrical channel width used to model the transistor as fringing electric fields can exert an influence on conductors that are not immediately below the gate. The electrical properties of the gate oxide are critical to the formation of the conductive channel region below the gate. In NMOS-type devices, the zone beneath the gate oxide is a thin n-type inversion layer on the surface of the p-type semiconductor substrate. It is induced by the oxide electric field from the applied gate voltage VG. This is known as the inversion channel.

From the 1920s agriculture gave way to sheep and cattle grazing, which continued through the next 50 years. During the 1940s the west side of the lake was heavily grazed by livestock, particularly during the drier summers when the lake's fringing vegetation served as supplementary fodder. As a result, the land on the west side of the lake lacks native understorey plants and is infested with introduced plants such as arum lilies. The lake was gazetted as an A-class Nature Reserve in 1957 for the protection of flora and fauna, as well as for recreation, particularly sailing.

The use of pesticides to control chironomids (non-biting midges) is a potential threat to aquatic invertebrate and bird life; in 1984 about 220 shorebirds were killed at the lake as a result of such spraying. Increased groundwater abstraction may exacerbate already declining water levels. The area of bulrushes in the fringing vegetation has increased and threatens its ecological character by changing its floristics, reducing the amount of open water, and reducing the area of mudflat available to migratory shorebirds. Disturbance of waterbirds by humans and dogs may occur, especially in late summer and autumn when the lake is drying out.

With a length of , the Indus River is one of the longest rivers in the world, starting in the glaciers of the Himalayan range in Tibet and flowing through India and Pakistan. Where the river enters the Arabian Sea in Sindh Province, Pakistan, there is an alluvial fan that extends along of coastline. It is formed from the vast quantities of silt that have been washed down the river for over fifty million years and covers an area of about . There are seventeen major channels, many smaller ones, extensive mudflats and fringing mangrove swamps which form a barrier against storm surges.

Maldives soft coral Oriental sweetlips (Plectorhinchus vittatus) at Meeru Island, North Male Atoll The Maldives have a range of different habitats including deep sea, shallow coast, and reef ecosystems, fringing mangroves, wetlands and dry land. There are 187 species of coral forming the coral reefs. This area of the Indian Ocean, alone, houses 1,100 species of fish, 5 species of sea turtle, 21 species of whale and dolphin, 400 species of mollusc, and 83 species of echinoderms. The area is also populated by a number of crustacean species: 120 copepods, 15 amphipods, as well as more than 145 crab and 48 shrimp species.

Quoisley Meres refers to two meres, Quoisley Big Mere and Quoisley Little Mere, near the village of Marbury, in Cheshire, England. Glacial in origin, the meres have nutrient-rich water. The meres, fringing reed beds and surrounding damp grassland are a Site of Special Scientific Interest, and have also been designated Wetlands of International Importance, as part of the Midland Meres and Mosses Ramsar site. The meres form an important habitat for invertebrates and birds, and the site contains over a hundred plant species, including tufted-sedge, marsh fern and meadow thistle, which are all rare in Cheshire.

The degraded wetlands found within the Park have high siltation and shallow thickly vegetated habitat which is favoured by Striped Marsh Frogs (Schell & Bergin 2003) whereas the Green and Golden Bell Frog needs deeper water bodies with less dense fringing vegetation. The frog species identified in the area for the period between 1997 and 2004 are the Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog (Litoria fallax), Peron's Tree Frog (Litoria peronii), Green Tree Frog (Litoria caerulea), Common Eastern Froglet (Crinia signifera) and the Brown Striped Marsh Frog (Limnodynastes peronii)DECC. 2007. Wolli Creek site profile: report for the Sydney metropolitan catchment management authority. Hurstville, NSW.

The lagoons teemed with a rich variety of invertebrates and fish, and he examined the atoll's structure in view of the theory he had developed in Lima, of encircling reefs becoming atolls as an island sank. This idea was supported by the numerous soundings FitzRoy had taken showing a steep slope outside the reef with no living corals below 20–30 fathoms (40–60 m). Arriving at Mauritius on 29 April 1836, Darwin was impressed by the civilised prosperity of the French colony which had come under British rule. He toured the island, examining its volcanic mountains and fringing coral reefs.

It features various famous British locations: Land's End, Cornwall, St Michael's Mount, St Ives, Torquay, Glasgow, Stirling, Oban, etc. Though it had some interest when previewed in 1925, it did not attain great success due to problems inherent to the colour processing, which produced colour fringing and flicker. The original film was digitally restored in 2005 by the BFI, who have the original negatives on file. The footage in the archive was compiled into a 65-minute film from the original 26 parts, and was made available to watch within the UK online free of charge.

A large number of additions and outbuildings were built by the school and finally in 1965 it was sold for development, the outbuildings demolished and the land subdivided for cottages.NNSW Heritage Office, Branch Managers report 1980 The lot was c.11.5 acres, with some land having been taken for public roads. This area was subdivided into a housing estate in 1965/6 with allotments fringing the four sides of the historical land holding being in DP 223880, the inner area exclusive of the historic house in DP 224786, and the historic house and immediate surrounds in DP228839 (registered in March 1966).

This fell to Charles Darwin, who had just completed his BA degree and had accompanied Sedgwick on a two-week Welsh mapping expedition after taking his Spring course on geology. Fitzroy gave Darwin Lyell's Principles of Geology, and Darwin became Lyell's first disciple, inventively theorising on uniformitarian principles about the geological processes he saw, and challenging some of Lyell's ideas. He speculated about the Earth expanding to explain uplift, then on the basis of the idea that ocean areas sank as land was uplifted, theorised that coral atolls grew from fringing coral reefs round sinking volcanic islands.

Pocklington Reef is a coral reef and a mostly submerged atoll in the far southeast of Papua New Guinea. It is 162.4 km from the closest island, Loa Boloba, which is a tiny coral islet within the fringing reef near Cape Deliverance, the south east point of Rossel Island (Yela) in the Louisiade Archipelago, and belongs to Milne Bay province, Samarai-Murua District, Yaleyamba Rural Local Level Government Area. Pocklington Reef sits on top of Pocklington Ridge, which extends north-east from Rossel Island. The reef is 32 km long and up to 4 km wide.

The lake is surrounded with fringing reedbeds, carr woodland and grassland, which are managed by Bristol Water. The water conditions are eutrophic with run off from local fields and streams. Open-water plant communities are rather sparse, largely comprising fennel pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus), lesser pondweed (Potamogeton pusillus), opposite-leaved pondweed (Groenlandia densa) and water-crowfoot (Ranunculus spp.). On neutral soils around the reservoir, pepper-saxifrage (Silaum silaus), burnet-saxifrage (Pimpinella saxifraga) and devil's-bit scabious (Succisa pratensis) occur, and on calcareous soils fairy flax (Linum catharticum), dwarf thistle (Cirsium acaule) and salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor subspecies minor) are found.

Platform reef Platform reefs, variously called bank or table reefs, can form on the continental shelf, as well as in the open ocean, in fact anywhere where the seabed rises close enough to the surface of the ocean to enable the growth of zooxanthemic, reef- forming corals. Platform reefs are found in the southern Great Barrier Reef, the Swain and Capricorn Group on the continental shelf, about 100–200 km from the coast. Some platform reefs of the northern Mascarenes are several thousand kilometres from the mainland. Unlike fringing and barrier reefs which extend only seaward, platform reefs grow in all directions.

Coral reef in the national park Located in the Asia-Pacific World Coral Triangle, in the province of Southeast Sulawesi, the Wakatobi Islands offer clear waters and a rich bio-diverse underwater life. Wakatobi hosts 942 fish species and 750 coral reef species (of 850 globally), versus 50 in the Caribbean and 300 in the Red Sea. Habitats found in the national park are mangrove forest, coastal forest, lowland swamp forest, riverbank vegetation, lowland rainforest, mountain rainforest and coral reefs. The Wakatobi Archipelago has 25 groups of coral reefs including fringing reefs, barrier reefs and atolls.

At one end of the beach is a "rocky headland of fossilized coral, which is a jumble of cracks, caves and chimneys that make an ideal roost for bats" and there are baobab trees in the vicinity. There is a reef channel at Msambweni and aquifer which is about south of the Tiwi aquifer. The reef, which stretches from Msambweni to Malindi in the north, is the world's largest continuous fringing reef. At the northern end of Msambweni Bay is Chale Island, a headland rather than an island, which is known as a sacred kaya (worshipping place).

As stated, the coral reefs such as fringing reefs, deep reefs, patch reefs and spur and groove formation are distributed over three islands in the Virgin Islands which are St. Croix (Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve, Buck Island Reef National Monument), St. Thomas, and St. John (Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument). The coral reefs found offshore of St. Thomas and St. John are distributed patchily around the islands. Additionally, a developed barrier reef system surrounds St. Croix along its eastern and southern shores.Corals picture taken from Brewers Bay on St. Thomas.

However, Brewster's description with a purple fringe on one edge and a green fringe on the other is a lateral chromatic aberration. A general defocus of the shortest wavelengths resulting in a purple fringe on all sides of a bright object is the result of an axial or longitudinal chromatic aberration. Quite often, these effects are mixed in an image. Axial chromatic aberration is more subject to reduction by stopping down the lens than lateral chromatic aberration is, so the purple fringing can be very dependent on f-number: a larger f-number (smaller aperture) reduces axial aberration.

The river has a catchment area of of which an area of is composed of estuarine wetlands. The floodplain is composed of reddish grey sand loam produced from the underlying sand material of Cainozoic age. The underlying geology is predominantly alluvium of Quaternary age with areas of older rock made up of sandstone of Middle Jurassic age in the Bathurst Range and the granite of Late Silurian age in the Great Dividing Range of the upper catchment. Fringing vegetation is made up of Stringybark, Bloodwood, Moreton Bay Ash and Ironbark trees with a ground cover of coarse grasses such as speargrass.

However, not all reef-building corals in shallow water contain zooxanthellae, and some deep water species, living at depths to which light cannot penetrate, form reefs but do not harbour the symbionts. Staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) is an important hermatypic coral from the Caribbean There are various types of shallow-water coral reef, including fringing reefs, barrier reefs and atolls; most occur in tropical and subtropical seas. They are very slow-growing, adding perhaps one centimetre (0.4 in) in height each year. The Great Barrier Reef is thought to have been laid down about two million years ago.

Fringing reefs may have developed on the volcanoes, which then became barrier reefs as the volcano subsided and turned into an atoll; the barrier reefs in turn surround a lagoon or tidal flat. The crust underneath these seamounts tends to subside as it cools, and thus the islands and seamounts sink. Continued subsidence balanced by upward growth of the reefs led to the formation of thick carbonate platforms. Sometimes volcanic activity continued even after the formation of the atoll or atoll-like structure, and during episodes where the platforms rose above sea level erosional features such as channels and blue holes developed.

In Turkey costumes are usually in the bedlah style. Distinctive features of many Turkish costumes include a V-shaped or triangular belt which may be shaped or contoured around the top edge, and a great deal of embellishment and beaded fringing on both the bra and the belt. Skirts are often fuller than their Egyptian counterparts, and are likely to be made of chiffon or velvet rather than lycra. In the 1980s and '90s a very revealing costume style developed with skirts designed to display both legs up to the hip, and plunging bras or even pasties.

It is located in Afghanistan which forms on the Sīstān marshes west of the Dasht-e Mārgow desert where the Helmand River forms a dendritic delta. Water flows in a circular fashion through a string of lakes starting with Hāmūn-e Puzak in the northeast, sweeping into Hāmūn-e Sabari and finally overflows into Hāmūn-e Helmand in the southwest. It used to cover an area of about 4,000 km2 (1,500 mi2) with dense reed beds and tamarisk thicket fringing on the edges of the upper lakes. The area was thriving with wildlife animals and migratory birds.

Providence Petrel, a Lord Howe Island seabird listed as Vulnerable under the NSW TSC ActThe marine life comprise both subtropical and temperate species due to its location and influence of the southerly flowing East Australian Current (EAC). As a consequence, the waters surrounding Lord Howe Island show rich and unique biodiversity. An extensive barrier coral reef protects a broad sheltered lagoon and sandy beach on the western side of the island, while fringing reef occurs immediately offshore of the beaches on the eastern side. The Lord Howe Island Group supports a diverse inshore fish fauna with greater than 400 species recorded.

Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland. Four regional ecosystems listed as of concern are easily encountered by visitors to Carnarvon Gorge: Queensland blue gum woodland on alluvial plains; silver-leaved ironbark woodland on alluvial plains; Queensland blue gum, river she-oak fringing woodland on alluvial plains; and tall open forest in sheltered gorges and moist habitats. Two plant species, in particular, are considered Carnarvon Gorge icons; the cycad Macrozamia moorei (no common name) and the Carnarvon fan palm (Livistona nitida). Macrozamia moorei is closely associated with the Tertiary basalt flows of the Buckland Volcanic Province, and is endemic to Central Queensland.

Carrying flag – this should be sized as follows (width x height): Peers, 1.2 m x 1.5 m; Feudal Barons, 90 cm x 115 cm; Chiefs, 85 cm x 110 cm; Chieftains, 80 cm x 90 cm. A Ensign may be occasionally granted and blazoned. This is a square flag, smaller than the flying banner, and carrying the full embroidered achievement (arms, crest, motto), again fringed in livery colours. A Pipe banner – rather similar to a Banner, but of a size to fit on the longest drone of the pipes (usually 45 cm) and richly decorated with gold fringing, tassles and the like.

Among the CNP's various natural habitats are oak woodlands and savanna, riparian areas, chaparral, grassland, pond water and fringing marsh, seasonal ponds, and vernal pools created by seasonal rains and streams, including Woolsey Canyon Creek and Box Canyon Creek, which drain into the preserve from the steep rocky Simi Hills. Inside the preserve, the now-channelized Chatsworth Creek, a tributary of the Los Angeles River, joins with Box Canyon Creek, Woolsey Canyon Creek, and additional unnamed creeks. Rocky hills rise out of the preserve, and earthen berms from former water-retention dams arc across the terrain.

The CNP Ecology Pond provides the only permanent source of water within the preserve and draws wildlife from throughout the area. In recent history it has served as habitat for a variety of dabbling ducks, diving ducks, herons, egrets, grebes, coots, cormorants, and shorebirds. The pond is the core for a complex of habitats along its shores, including mudflats during lower water periods, a fringing marsh of cattails, bulrushes, nettles, and other water-associated plants. On slightly higher ground, the pond waters also support dense thickets primarily of mule fat and willows that could not exist in drier areas.

Mejit (Marshallese: ', ,Marshallese-English Dictionary - Place Name Index or ', Marshallese-English Dictionary - Place Name Index) is an island in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands. Unlike most of the other islands of the Marshall Islands, Mejit is a stony island rather than a coral atoll, although it is surrounded by a fringing coral reef enclosing a narrow lagoon. It is located east of the main line of the Ratak chain, approximately northeast from Wotje. With an estimated population of 348 people, the island is lush in pandanus, breadfruit and taro.

Older individuals tend to move to deeper seaward reefs, bomboras and drop-offs away from the protection of fringing reefs, often to depths greater than 80 m. Large individuals, however, often return to these shallower waters as they patrol their ranges, often to hunt or reproduce. In Hawaii, the juvenile to subadult giant trevally is the most common large carangid in the protected inshore waters, with all other species apparently preferring the outer, less protected reefs. It is also easily attracted to artificial reefs, where studies have found it to be one of the predominant species around these structures in Taiwan.

With a change in the projection distance, the focusing must be readjusted for a sharp image. However, the condensing optics (Fresnel lens) is optimized for one particular vertical position of the lens, corresponding to one projection distance. Therefore, when it is focused for a greatly different projection distance, part of the light cone projected by the Fresnel lens towards the focusing lens misses that lens. This has the greatest effect towards the outer edges of the projected image, so that one typically sees either blue or brown fringing at the edge of the screen when the focus is towards an extreme.

Lizard Island is a high granite island about 7 square kilometres in size, with three smaller islands nearby (Palfrey, South and Bird). Together these islands form the Lizard Island Group and their well-developed fringing reef encircles the 10 metre deep Blue Lagoon. The only settlements on the island are the Research Station, the Lizard Island Resort operated by Delaware North Australia Parks & Resorts and a basic camping area operated by the Queensland Parks & Wildlife Service. All islands in the Lizard Island Group are part of the Lizard Island National Park, administered by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service.

The South Zone (Zona Sul) of the city, reaching the beaches fringing the open sea, is cut off from the centre and from the North Zone by coastal mountains. These mountains and hills are offshoots of the Serra do Mar to the northwest, the ancient gneiss-granite mountain chain that forms the southern slopes of the Brazilian Highlands. The large West Zone (Zona Oeste), long cut off by the mountainous terrain, had been made more easily accessible to those on the South Zone by new roads and tunnels by the end of the 20th century.Rio de Janeiro – History.

North Reef Light is an active lighthouse located on North Reef, a planar reef, about northeast of Gladstone, Queensland, Australia in the Capricorn and Bunker Group. The lighthouse was constructed on a migratory patch of sand inside a fringing coral reef, which over the years disappeared and reappeared, as sand was washed away and accumulated, and is now a vegetated sandy island. Its construction is unique, having a hollow concrete base that both gives it resistance to the shifting nature of the sandbar and serves as a freshwater tank. As such, it is considered one of the major achievement in Australian lighthouse construction.

This species of salamander is commonly found in the lower Atlantic Coastal Plain of Georgia. It occurs on the Atlantic coastal plain from northeastern Florida to southeastern Virginia. The species is "unusually aquatic for a plethodontid," inhabiting "forested swamps fringing slow-moving blackwater streams, shallow ditches choked with aquatic vegetation, and mucky seepage areas." Stereochilus marginatus is also likely to be found under natural cover, such as Sphagnum moss or the decaying remains of leaves and other natural materials left behind in riverbeds; they can also sometimes be found underneath the remains of trees in drier environments.

The lake is an important habitat for many species of waterbirds including; grey teals, pink- eared ducks, Australian shelducks and black-tailed native-hens. The varied fringing vegetation around the lake and wetlands also supports a variety of species including the striated pardalote, western rosella and blue-breasted fairy-wren. In surveys conducted in 1988, 90 species of birds were found in the area. It is also home to a rich array of frogs with seven species being found here including; the summer breeding Neobatrachus centralis and Pseudophryne occidentalis and the winter breeding Helioporus albopunctatus, Lymnodynastes dorsalis and Neobatrachus pelobatoides.

An existing driveway to the church is at the north-eastern end of the site. The balance of the site includes open grass paddocks, 2 small dams, fences, areas of disturbed, regenerating native vegetation and areas of bushland predominantly along the eastern part of the site and fringing Mulgoa and St. Thomas' Roads, providing a vegetated screen to the majority of the site. South of the church and almost centrally to the land are the ruins of the former rectory, burnt in the 2003 bush fires. The site is a sloping hillside site, bordered with regrowth eucalypt seedlings.

The village is divided into six clan divisions. The clans, which have names of animals, are listed, from north to south (1991): #Doriomu (Shark, formerly Tebere) (school west outside of clan division) #Maruadai (Marowadai) (Cassowary) (with church: United Church) #Hegeredai (Dingo) #Oromorubi (Dog) #Miaridai (Crocodile) (with hospital) #Gaidai (Eagle) A later list (1995) mentions only five clans, thereby replacing Hegeredai and Oromorubi with Sobogu. In the southwest of the island is Gaziro (Gasiri), a temporary fishing camp also used by mainlanders. The fringing reef on the eastern shore in front of the village, the "home reef", is called Podomaza.

Romantically inclined historians have speculated that Saxon kings used these as hunting grounds, but if so they left no trace. As a result, tree cover was probably better than it had been since the Bronze Age. Saxon ironworking methods were so low-key and primitive, that only one certain site has been located in the High Weald near East Grinstead and that not from archaeology but from the Domesday Book. On the other hand, the Saxons were certainly interested in using the thick woodland fringing the High Weald for pannage or transhumance involving feeding pigs on acorns.

The Gambier Islands ( or ) are an archipelago in French Polynesia, located at the southeast terminus of the Tuamotu archipelago. They cover an area of , and are the remnants of a caldera along with islets on the surrounding fringing reef. They are generally considered a separate island group from Tuamotu both because their culture and language (Mangarevan) are much more closely related to those of the Marquesas Islands, and because, while the Tuamotus comprise several chains of coral atolls, the Gambiers are of volcanic origin with central high islands. The population of the archipelago is 1319 people.

Minnipa and District Much of the hundred is uncleared and thick with vegetation, but broadacre cropping takes place along the western border, fringing Poochera and Karcultaby. Local administration of the hundred commenced in 1888 with the establishment of the District Council of Streaky Bay, which administered all of the County of Robinson not already administered by the District Council of Elliston. In 1925 the District Council of Minnipa, now called Wudinna District Council, was established and annexed Condada along with four other hundreds in the County of Robinson formerly in Streaky Bay council. Local governance of the hundred by Wudinna council has continued ever since.

View from the Eck-Haid (hide) looking northeast The Wallnau Waterbird Reserve () is one of the most important reserves for migratory birds in Germany and the largest of NABU's nature conservation centres. The former pond estate of Wallnau lies on the west coast of the Baltic island of Fehmarn and covers, in its core zone, an area of just under , of ponds, reed beds and meadows as well as part of the Baltic Sea and its fringing beaches. The nature conservation centre houses an exhibition on bird migration, a small restaurant and seminar rooms. Paid and volunteer workers look after conservation-related work and public relations.

Rock fringe fringing granite, at near Forester Pass E. obcordatum: flowers with 4 heart-shaped petals and small oval leaves Epilobium obcordatum is a species of perennial plant in the evening-primrose family (Onagraceae), known by the common name rockfringe willowherb and rock fringe. It is native to the western United States from California to Idaho, where it is found in rocky mountainous areas, at altitudes of to . This small perennial is clumpy to mat- forming and spreads from a woody caudex, especially in nooks between rocks. It has stems lined with oval or rounded leaves which spread parallel to the ground or ascend somewhat.

On the northern and eastern edges of the island the sea breaks against the limestone cliffs, which are deeply undercut; but elsewhere the island is circled by a broad fringing reef, which, off the western coast swings sharply away from the shore to enclose the lagoon. The precipitous sides of the central mass are scored by three shallow terraces, marking pauses in the uplift of the island; but these are not readily observed, being smothered under the dense vegetation that clothes the whole towering structure. The island is a former atoll, specifically called a “Guyot”. This is an extinct volcano that has become overgrown by coral reefs to form an atoll.

The environment within the park includes mangroves, rocky and sandy shoreline, mudflats, salt pans, fringing coral reefs, lagoonal patch reef, seagrass beds, three islands (Namponda, Mongo and Kisiwa Kidogo) and numerous small rocky islets. The Park is home to nesting grounds for Green and Hawksbill turtles, and a number of marine mammals have been seen in the area including migrating Humpback whales and the Indopacific Humpback dolphin. A large population of crab-plovers led to the area being designated as an Important Bird Area (IBA) in 2001. The area was also once home to dugongs but the last confirmed sighting was in 1992, although there have been unconfirmed sightings since.

Also, the process suffered from "fringing" and "haloing" of the images, an unsolvable problem as long as Kinemacolor remained a successive frame process. Kinemacolor in the U.S. became most notable for its Hollywood studio being taken over by D. W. Griffith, who also took over Kinemacolor's uncompleted project to film Thomas Dixon's The Clansman, which eventually became The Birth of a Nation (1915). The 1 reels shot in Kinemacolor are lost, and the finished film is entirely in black-and-white. The first (additive) version of Prizma Color, developed by William Van Doren Kelley in the U.S. from 1913 to 1917, used some of the same principles as Kinemacolor.

This distinction is important to understand, as there are some low islands, such as Makatea, Nauru, Niue and Banaba, which rise several hundred feet above sea level, while a number of "High Islands" (those of volcanic origin) can rise no more than a few feet above sea level, often classified as "rocks". Low islands are the kind of islands which ring the lagoons of atolls. The two types of islands are often found in proximity to each other. This is especially the case among the islands of the South Pacific Ocean, where low islands are found on the fringing reefs that surround most high islands.

Originally, film was a strip of cellulose nitrate coated with black-and-white photographic emulsion. Early film pioneers, like D. W. Griffith, color tinted or toned portions of their movies for dramatic impact, and by 1920, 80 to 90 percent of all films were tinted. The first successful natural color process was Britain's Kinemacolor (1908–1914), a two-color additive process that used a rotating disk with red and green filters in front of the camera lens and the projector lens. But any process that photographed and projected the colors sequentially was subject to color "fringing" around moving objects, and a general color flickering.

Verticordia bifimbriata was first formally described by Alex George in 1991 and the description was published in Nuytsia from specimens collected near Wannamal. The specific epithet (bifimbriata) is derived from the Latin prefix bi- meaning "twice-over" and the word fimbriatus meaning "fringed with hairs" referring to the thread-like fringing hairs on the petals themselves having a fringe. George placed this species in subgenus Eperephes, section Verticordella along with V. pennigera, V. halophila, V. blepharophylla, V. lindleyi, V. carinata, V. drummondii, V. wonganensis,V. paludosa, V. luteola, V. attenuata, V. tumida, V. mitodes, V. centipeda, V. auriculata, V. pholidophylla, V. spicata and V. hughanii.

By comparison, with an inductor with a straight core, the magnetic field emerging from one end of the core has a long path through air to enter the other end. In addition, because the windings are relatively short and wound in a closed magnetic field, a toroidal transformer will have a lower secondary impedance which will increase efficiency, electrical performance and reduce effects such as distortion and fringing. Due to the symmetry of a toroid, little magnetic flux escapes from the core (leakage flux). Thus a toroidal inductor/transformer, radiates less electromagnetic interference (EMI) to adjacent circuits and is an ideal choice for highly concentrated environments.

The Belubula Valley is excavated in rocks of the Late Ordovician Period, including (in ascending order) the Walli Volcanics, Cliefden Caves Limestone, Malongulli Formation and Angullong Volcanics. The region surrounding the Cliefden Caves is an internationally significant palaeontological and geological site that records the evolution of a tropical volcanic island over an interval of about 5 million years, from the development of a fringing lagoonal and atoll to its eventual subsidence and drowning. Superimposed on this history is the relatively recent Cliefden Caves karst system. The Ordovician limestone is particularly fossiliferous and the area has long been known nationally and internationally as having the best late Ordovician outcrops in Australia.

The eastern one is the larger of these platforms and the western oval-shaped platform lies close to the western end of the ridge. These platforms are relatively flat and are surrounded by a slope break beyond which the guyot falls off steeply to the surrounding abyssal plain. This appearance characterises Horizon Guyot as a guyot although the elongated shape is unlike that of most guyots in the region which have one circular summit platform. At the margin of the platform, lie terraces which are up to wide and up to high and that discontinuously surround the summit platform; the flat surfaces of the terraces may be former fringing reefs.

The significance of these palms was recognised in a national conservation plan intended to improve the trajectory of thirty Australian plants, actions that would reduce factors that threaten the trees with extinction. The classification by national EPBC legislation is vulnerable, with identified threats including an increased risk of fire as a result of invasive grasses, couch and buffel grass, alterations to availability of ground water and the impact of increased tourism. A large number of the trees are protected by occurring within the Finke Gorge National Park, some fringing groves of the palm are found on pastoral land and tourist areas and are subject to separate conservation actions.

In addition, the area is surrounded by fringing reefs with hard and soft corals, turtles, molluscs, fish and marine invertebrates. In October 2009, Donna Faragher, Western Australia's Environment Minister, announced that Camden Sound would become the Kimberley's first Marine Park, largely in recognition of the area's status as nursery and breeding area to the world's largest population of humpback whales. The Camden Sound Marine Park was the first of four new marine parks announced under the Kimberley Science and Conservation Strategy, and covers an area of . The park is the second largest in Western Australia after Shark Bay and links to the Prince Regent National Park.

The gorge of Winnats Pass was once thought to have originated as a giant collapsed cavern; however, this idea has since been superseded. Winnats Pass can be seen to cut steeply down through Lower Carboniferous limestone rocks. These were formed approximately 340 million years ago as a reef fringing a shallow lagoon, with deeper water beyond. The presence of a small outcrop of fossiliferous rock (known as 'beach beds') at the base of Winnats Pass, close to Speedwell Cavern, suggests that a contemporary underwater cleft or canyon once existed within the active reef which caused the build up of shelly and crinoidal remains at its base.

Located within the Gulf of Maine watershed, the Great Bay Estuary is a drowned river valley composed of high-energy tidal waters, deep channels and fringing mudflats. The entire estuary extends inland from the mouth of the Piscataqua River between Kittery, Maine, and New Castle, New Hampshire through Little Bay into Great Bay proper at Furber Strait, a distance of . The Great Bay Estuary is a tidally-dominated system and is the drainage confluence of three major rivers, the Lamprey, Squamscott, and Winnicut. Four additional rivers flow into the system between Furber Strait and the open coast: the Cocheco, Salmon Falls, Bellamy, and Oyster rivers.

The eastern coast of the island faces into the Atlantic Ocean and can have strong surf in parts of the shore which are unprotected by fringing coral reefs. The colour of the sand on the beaches of Nevis is variable: on a lot of the bigger beaches the sand is a yellow-grey in colour, but some beaches on the southern coast have darker, reddish, or even black sand. Under a microscope it becomes clear that Nevis sand is a mixture of tiny fragments of coral, many foraminifera, and small crystals of the various mineral constituents of the volcanic rock of which the island is made.

The area was inhabited and was a noted hunting site for thousands of years by Indigenous Australians prior to the arrival of Europeans. The tribal name for the park is Nyanyi-Yandjip named after the reeds and lake which were thought to resemble the hairy mane of the dreamtime creature the Waugul. The word Yanchep is derived from Yandjip or Yanget which is the aboriginal name for the local bulrush reed found fringing the lakes in the area. The first European visitor arrived in 1834 when John Butler, a farmer, came in search of his lost cattle and noted the presence of the lakes, wetlands and plentiful game.

Branches of Babul are firmly fixed in a low stone wall until a large hedged enclosure is completed some 600 or 800 yards in length. In this enclosure very large fish are often caught, especially rays of different kinds in which this coast abounds, sharks, sawfish, swordfish, pomfret, soles, and sometimes even the dugong. Turtles of very large size are found, and one of the species found in these seas has a large thick tail. The small pearl oyster is found on the coral reefs on the coast and also on those fringing the islands in the gulf as well as two or three other kinds of oyster.

Hoorn Islands (Futuna and Alofi) with Futuna Island in the northwest Hoorn Islands also called Futuna Islands Futuna (; ) is an island with a population of 3,225 and a maximum elevation of in the Pacific Ocean, belonging to the French overseas collectivity (collectivité d'outre-mer, or COM) of Wallis and Futuna. It is one of the Hoorn Islands or Îles Horne, nearby Alofi being the other. They are both a remnant of an old extinct volcano, now bordered with a fringing reef. On the island is the place (where the cathedral of Poi now stands) where Pierre Chanel was martyred in 1841, becoming Polynesia's only Catholic saint.

Dense seagrass beds still exist in King George Sound, although they have been adversely affected by increased nutrient levels and industry in the area. Some of the seagrasses present in the sound include Posidonia australis, Posidonia robertsoneae, Posidonia kirkmanii, Posidonia sinuosa, Posidonia denhartogii, Posidonia ostenfeldii, Amphibolis antarctica, Amphibolis griffithii, Halophila australis, Halophila ovalis, Ruppia megacarpa and Heterozostera tasmanica. The fringing vegetation around the sound includes both the saltmarshes of Oyster Harbour and Princess Royal Harbour, and the sandy beach vegetation. Saltmarshes contain a variety of species including samphire, seablite, astartea, wattle, greenbush, shore rush, twig rush and saltwater paperbark Freshwater species also occur in areas where substantial freshwater seepage occurs.

The convention introduced a number of provisions. The most significant issues covered were setting limits, navigation, archipelagic status and transit regimes, exclusive economic zones (EEZs), continental shelf jurisdiction, deep seabed mining, the exploitation regime, protection of the marine environment, scientific research, and settlement of disputes. The convention set the limit of various areas, measured from a carefully defined baseline. (Normally, a sea baseline follows the low-water line, but when the coastline is deeply indented, has fringing islands or is highly unstable, straight baselines may be used.) The areas are as follows: ; Internal waters:Covers all water and waterways on the landward side of the baseline.

Sewage was to be redirected elsewhere by two new city projects, though these weren't completed until 1875. The resulting body of water was called variously "Lake Peralta", "Merritt's Lake" and later Lake Merritt.Project1 The lake at that time still had thick wetlands fringing the shores and it continued to attract large numbers of migratory birds. In order to protect the birds from duck hunters and stop the noise and danger of gunfire so close to the city, Dr. Merritt proposed to turn the lake into a wildlife refuge in 1869. The state legislature voted Lake Merritt Wildlife Refuge into law in 1870, making it the first such refuge in North America.

The Naga-Disang (Haflong) Overthrust area includes besides the Naga Hills proper, a few long ranges of hills fringing the plain of Upper Assam, and a large part of the North Cachar Hills (the Belt of Schuppen). Haflong Fault is the south-westward continuation of the Disang thrust from the Naga Hills to Haflong where the thrust becomes a narrow but complex fracture belt.Haflong Fault, Banglapedia Along with two major thrusts, the Haflong-Naga Thrust and Disang Thrust, studies revealed three minor thrusts (ST-1, ST-2, ST-3) in the BoS. The westward continuation of this fracture belt ultimately passes into the Dauki fault.

The Valentino Ready-to-Wear Spring 2016 Collection was presented on October 6, 2015 by creative directors Maria Grazia Chiuri and Pierpaolo Piccioli. This season the designers were inspired by Africa, more specifically the humanitarian crisis that has led to thousands of refugees fleeing Senegal, Nigeria, Eritrea, Mali, and Gambia for Italy. The African influence translated to the textiles and design details with tribal scenes, leather treatments, ceramic pagan necklaces, beaded Masai-derived patterns, bold peacock feather trims, and indigenous motifs. They also referenced Picasso and Braque's embrace of African art in the 1920s, with layers of suede fringing and tie-dye patterns used as a camouflage-like material.

During the Aptian, a carbonate platform started developing on the exposed volcanic rocks of MIT. It developed in marine settings and formed two and thick carbonate layers continuing into the Albian, the two layers being separated by a thick volcanic succession. The carbonate platform probably started out as a fringing reef or barrier reef with the sole drill core from MIT indicating a delay of about 1-2 million years between the end of volcanism and the beginning of platform growth, and at least seven different stages of sea level rise have been recognized. The total lifespan of the active carbonate platform is about 19 million years.

Claude's father William began the development of an additive colour film process called Biocolour. This process produced the illusion of true colour by exposing each alternate frame of ordinary black-and-white film stock through two different coloured filters. Each alternate frame of the monochrome print was then stained red or green. Although the projection of Biocolour prints did provide a tolerable illusion of true colour, like the more famous Kinemacolor process of George Albert Smith it suffered from noticeable colour flicker (a potentially headache-inducing defect known technically as 'colour bombardment') and from red-and-green fringing around anything in the scene that moved very rapidly.

Radiation pattern of phased array containing 7 emitters spaced a quarter wavelength apart, showing the beam switching direction. The phase shift between adjacent emitters is switched from 45 degrees to −45 degrees The radiation pattern of a phased array in polar coordinate system. Mathematically a phased array is an example of N-slit diffraction, in which the radiation field at the receiving point is the result of the coherent addition of N point sources in a line. Since each individual antenna acts as a slit, emitting radio waves, their diffraction pattern can be calculated by adding the phase shift φ to the fringing term.

Optical interferometers are extremely complex, unfilled aperture photon-collecting telescopes in the visual (sometimes the near infrared, too), which produce synthesized images and fringe data "on the fly" (unlike radio interferometers which are privileged to record the data for later synthesis), essentially by taking an inverse Fourier transform of the incoming data. Astrometry is understood by precisely measuring delay line additions while fringing, to match the light path differences from baseline ends. Using essentially trigonometry the angle and position of where the array is 'pointed' can be determined, thus inferring a precise position on the sphere of the sky. Only a few exist that can be considered operational.

The first three chapters describe the various types of coral reef, each chapter starting with a section giving a detailed description of the reef Darwin had most information about, which he presents as a typical example of the type. Subsequent sections in each chapter then describe other reefs in comparison with the typical example. In the first chapter, Darwin describes atolls and lagoon islands, taking as his typical example his own detailed findings and the Beagle survey findings on the Keeling Islands. The second chapter similarly describes a typical barrier reef then compares it to others, and the third chapter gives a similar description of what Darwin called fringing or shore reefs.

The reserve lies to the east of the Great Barrier Reef and covers an area of 8,860 km2, most of which is open water. It contains three pairs of islets and cays, the Herald Cays, comprising North East and South West Cays; the Coringa Islets, comprising Chilcott and South West Islets; and the Magdelaine Cays, comprising South East Cay and North West Islet. The pairs rise steeply from separate platform reef systems, each representing a distinct stage in reef formation, varying in size from 16 to 37 ha, and making a total land area of 124 ha. Each cay has a fringing reef that is fully exposed to the influences of ocean currents and swells.

In addition, reefs provide complex and varied habitats that support a wide range of other organisms. Fringing reefs just below low-tide level also have a mutually beneficial relationship with mangrove forests at high-tide level and seagrass meadows in between: the reefs protect the mangroves and seagrass from strong currents and waves that would damage them or erode the sediments in which they are rooted, while the mangroves and seagrass protect the coral from large influxes of silt, fresh water and pollutants. This additional level of variety in the environment is beneficial to many types of coral reef animals, which for example may feed in the sea grass and use the reefs for protection or breeding.

Blocks of Quaternary Monkey's Cave Sandstone are said to be "still visible in gun embrasures fringing the cliffs of the southwest Europa coast." This cave was described as Batterie de la Caverne in a French map of 1811Plan de Gibraltar / par J.D. Barbié du Bocage Barbié Du Bocage, accessed 22 May 2013 and Monkey Cave in 1859 and it was itself one of the few fortifications on the east side of Gibraltar, although the details of its armament are not given. Monkey's Cave was used during the Second World War as an entrance to the artificial tunnel named AROW Street, which was used for storing ammunition and supplies. Within the cave entrance a convalescent hospital was constructed.

In early 1962 the island provided a home to nine crewmen of the sunken tuna clipper MV Monarch, stranded for 23 days from 6 February to 1 March. They reported that the lagoon water was drinkable, though they preferred to drink water from the coconuts they found. Unable to use any of the dilapidated buildings, they constructed a crude shelter from cement bags and tin salvaged from Quonset huts built by the American military 20 years earlier. Wood from the huts was used for firewood, and fish caught off the fringing reef combined with some potatoes and onions they had saved from their sinking vessel augmented the island's meager supply of coconuts.

A turtle at Hanauma Bay Hanauma is both a Nature Preserve and a Marine Life Conservation District (the first of several established in the State of Hawaii). Reflecting changes in attitude, its name has changed over time from Hanauma Bay Beach Park to Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve. Visitors are required by law to refrain from mistreating marine animals or from touching, walking, or otherwise having contact with coral heads, which appear much like large rocks on the ocean floor (here, mostly seaward of the shallow fringing reef off the beach). It is always recommended to avoid contacting coral or marine rocks as cuts to the skin can result and neglecting such wounds may bring medical problems.

Natural processes, such as waves on the lake and storm winds contribute to erosion, which in turn impacts water levels. Since Michael John Flannigan wrote his first survey report about the island in 1896, the lake has been acknowledged as being in need of some degree of government protection. Flannigan foresaw that "if the frontages of these lakes [Bob and Egg Lagoons and Big Lake] are blocked by settlers it will be detrimental to the balance of the country" (Flannigan, 1896, page 4). The lake shores were first gazetted as a reserve in 1913, when the Tasmanian Government Gazette officially announced the creation of a sanctuary for wild fowl fringing the lake.

Various rendering techniques were used to minimize the impact of "fringing" and HAM displays were often designed to incorporate subtle horizontal color gradients, avoiding vertical edges and contrasts. Displaying a full color image in HAM mode requires some careful preprocessing. Because HAM can only modify one of the RGB components at a time, rapid color transitions along a scan line may be best achieved by using one of the preset color registers for these transitions. To render an arbitrary image, a programmer may choose to first examine the original image for the most noticeable of these transitions and then assign those colors to one of the registers, a technique known as adaptive palettes.

Island with fringing reef off Yap, Micronesia Since their emergence 485 million years ago, coral reefs have faced many threats, including disease, predation, invasive species, bioerosion by grazing fish, algal blooms, geologic hazards, and recent human activity. This include coral mining, bottom trawling, and the digging of canals and accesses into islands and bays, all of which can damage marine ecosystems if not done sustainably. Other localized threats include blast fishing, overfishing, coral overmining, and marine pollution, including use of the banned anti-fouling biocide tributyltin; although absent in developed countries, these activities continue in places with few environmental protections or poor regulatory enforcement. Chemicals in sunscreens may awaken latent viral infections in zooxanthellae and impact reproduction.

Atropa pallidiflora is confined to the central part of a narrow belt of temperate rainforest fringing the Southern shore of the Caspian Sea, stretching (travelling from West to East) from the Talysh Mountains of the extreme Southeast of Azerbaijan through the Iranian provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan and petering out in two spurs of woodland in Iran's North Khorasan province. The Northern spur ends near the village of Ghosha Tapeh and the Southern near the village of Havar and neither is far from the Kopet Dag range marking the border between Iran and Turkmenistan - where another Atropa species Atropa komarovii Blin.and Shalyt. (not currently an accepted species) is to be found.

It is classed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List and it is believed that its population is decreasing; the species is also listed under Appendix II of CITES. Figures of its population are unknown, but is likely to be threatened by the global reduction of coral reefs, the increase of temperature causing coral bleaching, climate change, human activity, the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) and disease. It occurs in the northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the oceanic western and central Pacific Ocean. It is found at depths of between in tropical shallow reefs around fringing reefs in turbid waters.

The islets of the Cargados Carajos Shoals, which have a very depauperate terrestrial biota owing to being so low-lying and swamped during cyclones, are bound to the east by an extensive arc of fringing reef, which accounts for ∼30% of the reefs of the Mascarene Islands. Lagoon reefs and reef flats are dominated by scleractinian corals such as branching and tabular Acropora, Porites massives, foliaceous Montipora and Pavona, and sand consolidated with beds of seagrass such Halophila spp. (Hydrocharitaceae). Among coral reef fishes, wrasses (Labridae), damselfish (Pomacentridae), carnivorous groupers (Serranidae), and surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) have many species. Most of the indigenous Mascarene flora and fauna are thought to have descended originally from Madagascan and African ancestors.

Bunaken National Marine Park, Manado A very rich coral ecosystem covers most of Bunaken National Park, dominated by fringing reef and barrier reef corals. There are about 390 species of coral recorded in the waters of the Park.E. Turak and L. DeVantie: Reef-building corals of Bunaken National Park: Rapid ecological assessment of biodiversity and status, retrieved 15-December-2009 A distinct feature is a 25-50 metre vertical coral wall which is inhabited by 13 coral genus. The seaweeds that can be found here include Caulerpa, Halimeda, and Padina pavonica species, while the dominant seagrasses, in particular in the islands of Montehage and Nain, are Thalassia hemprichii, Enhallus acoroides, and Thalassodendron ciliatum.

He was the largest landowner of his day in Columbus County, owning over 10,000 acres (40 km²) - most of his land in the area of Lake Waccamaw. The lake was established as a North Carolina State Lake in 1929, and it is managed by the adjacent Lake Waccamaw State Park. A natural sand bar, which extends along the northwest shore between a fringing cypress swamp and the main lake, was supplemented with spoil dredged to form a neighboring canal in 1946 and developed with private residences. Big Creek delivers tea-colored water from the large cypress and gum tree swamp at the northeast corner of the lake, and the Waccamaw River emerges from the southern shore.

Blue is focused closer to the lens than red causing rainbow-like color fringing (chromatic aberration).Horder, pp 111–113Kingslake, pp 71–72, 316, 317Kraszna-Krausz, pp 3, 192, 858, 1029Peres, pp 175, 712, 717Ray pp 26–27, 341Stroebel and Zakia, pp 424–425 Most photographic camera lenses are achromatically corrected to bring blue and red to a common focus – leaving large residual green and violet chromatic aberrationsPeres, p 174Ray, pp 54–55 that degrades image sharpness; especially severe in long focus or telephoto lenses.Lefkowitz, p 90 If red, green and blue are brought to a common focus (plus other aberration corrections) with very little residual aberration, the lens is called apochromatic.

On the 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour, Madonna performed "Sooner or Later" atop of a piano, as a chanteuse in a cabaret. The wardrobe for the performance consisted of a green and white couture corset, with conical bra cups, beaded fringing and striped sequined embroidery, designed by Jean Paul Gaultier, underneath a long black robe. On his review of the concert, Richard Harrington from The Washington Post, opined Madonna "acquitted herself quite well on 'Sooner or Later'". Two different performances were taped and released on video, the Blond Ambition Japan Tour 90, taped in Yokohama, Japan, on April 27, 1990, and the Blond Ambition World Tour Live, taped in Nice, France, on August 5, 1990.

Caridina yilong is a species of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. C. yilong was described from Lake Yilong (Yilong Hu) in Yunnan, China, and was believed to be endemic to the margins of the lake among fringing vegetation. Only the type series has ever been collected, and the type locality of Lake Yilong has since dried up for extended periods of time due to the abstraction of water (notably in 1984, one year after their collection, a twenty-day period of complete dryness was recorded). Organic pollution caused by sedimentation along with agricultural and industrial pollution have caused this species to be assessed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN, with the caveat possibly extinct.

South Island is a national park in North Queensland (Australia), 692 km northwest of Brisbane and the island is part of the Lizard Island Group and is South of Lizard Island situated 270 km north of Cairns, Queensland. Lizard Island is a high granite island about 7 square kilometres in size, with three smaller islands nearby (Palfrey, South and Bird). Together these islands form the Lizard Island Group and their well-developed fringing reef encircles the 10-metre-deep Blue Lagoon. The only settlements on the island are the Research Station, the Lizard Island Resort operated by Voyages Hotels & Resorts and a basic camping area operated by the Queensland Parks & Wildlife Service.

The wet carr around the Llyn Bedydd is notable for purple small reed and alder buckthorn which re very rare in Clwyd; tufted sedge and bay willow which are uncommon in Clwyd; and the nationally scarce cowbane. The thin fringing strip of fen supports other interesting plants, especially sedges. The fen creates a tussocky species rich floating mat at the southern end of the lake while on the land in the southeastern corner of the SSSI there is a small area of fen pasture which grades into a bog. Llyn Beddyd is relatively shallow but it has steeply shelving banks which are shaded by the woodlands and these restrict the development of stands of emergent and marginal vegetation.

Convergence is the process of controlling the CRT beam deflection to keep the red, green and blue beams properly overlapped when scanning the raster (area illuminated by the scan lines on a CRT). As the electron gun scans across the screen, the shape of electron beams slightly varies as the beam reaches the outer edges of the screen. Misconvergence, the technical term used when this process is not completely accurate, appears as color fringing on the edge of an image displayed on the screen. For example, a CRT monitor with misaligned electron beams will show a white "H" on a black background with one of the primary or secondary colors shadowing its edges.

The maximum age recorded from banding has been 7 years 1.5 months. The red-headed myzomela mostly inhabits mangroves in monsoonal coastal areas, especially thickets of spotted mangrove (Rhizophora stylosa), smallflower bruguiera (Bruguiera parviflora) and grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) bordering islands or in river deltas, but it often also occurs in paperbark thickets fringing the mangroves such as those of cajeput (Melaleuca leucadendra). It is a mangrove specialist, an adaptation that probably occurred as northern Australia became more arid and the bird populations became dependent on mangroves as other types of forest disappeared. The mangroves provide nectar and insects as well as shelter and nesting sites, and they supply the majority of the species' needs for most of the year.

On 14 January 2008, a fresh restoration of the story was released on DVD as part of the boxed set called "Beneath the Surface", also including The Sea Devils and Warriors of the Deep (the black-and-white prints and off-air colour recordings were combined, with the colour prints distorted to reduce fringing and both prints processed with VidFIRE to restore video sections to 50 unique fields per second, rather than 25 frames per second, with no motion information between the two fields corresponding to each frame). The story was then released on DVD again in 2013, included in a set paired with The Hungry Earth and Cold Blood (a two- part Eleventh Doctor story from 2010), in 'The Monster Collection' series, specifically The Silurians entry.

Despite their proximity, the two pools differ ecologically. 'Double Kettle' is fed by surface runoff and its water is turbid, supporting only an impoverished surface vegetation of pondweeds, including the alien Canadian pondweed, Elodea canadensis; it is fringed mainly by common reed, Phragmites australis, with some saw-sedge and common club-rush, Scirpus lacustris. To the south, the smaller 'Croft Kettle' is fed by calcareous subterranean springs and its clear water supports a luxuriant growth of stoneworts; its fringing swamp is dominated by saw-sedge, Cladium mariscus, creating a vegetation type similar to that of the fens of East Anglia and which is found nowhere else in County Durham. The area around the ponds is mainly damp grassland, with a rich variety of sedges, Carex spp.

Aldermaston Gravel Pits consist of mature flooded gravel workings surrounded by dense fringing vegetation, trees and scrub, affording a variety of habitats for breeding birds and a refuge for wildfowl. The irregular shoreline with islands, promontories, sheltered eutrophic pools and narrow lagoons, provides undisturbed habitat for many water birds, including surface-feeding ducks such as teal (Anas crecca) and shoveler (Anas clypeata). The surrounding marsh and scrub are important for numerous birds including nine breeding species of warblers, water rails (Rallus aquaticus), kingfishers (Alcedo atthis) and an important breeding colony of nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos). In 2002 English Nature bought Aldermaston Gravel Pits from the mineral extraction company Grundon and it is managed as a nature reserve by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust.

Map of the Kermadec Islands with Raoul Island Raoul Island (Sunday Island), the largest and northernmost of the main Kermadec Islands, south south-west of 'Ata Island of Tonga and north north-east of New Zealand's North Island, has been the source of vigorous volcanic activity during the past several thousand years that was dominated by dacitic explosive eruptions. The area of the anvil-shaped island, including fringing islets and rocks mainly in the northeast, but also a few smaller ones in the southeast, is . The highest elevation is Moumoukai Peak, at an elevation of . Although Raoul is the only island in the Kermadec group large enough to support settlement, it lacks a safe harbour, and landings from small boats can be made only in calm weather.

The old hoop pine now just outside the current boundary adjacent, is in a very poor condition. It is believed that this may be the same tree seen in a c.1863 photograph and is at least the tree known to have been a mature tree in 1935. The garden is now much reduced on the original and chiefly consists of a driveway from the south-east across the front of the house past a stone retaining wall and steps (original, with wide steps running parallel to the house's southern (main) verandah), areas of lawn and some fringing tree plantings framing views, being Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia) and Norfolk Island hibiscus/white oak/ cow itch tree (Lagunaria patersonae) to the south-east, a large Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla) to the south-west.

The publication of their result in 1887, the null result, was the first clear demonstration that something was seriously wrong with the aether hypothesis (Michelson's first experiment in 1881 was not entirely conclusive). In this case the MM experiment yielded a shift of the fringing pattern of about 0.01 of a fringe, corresponding to a small velocity. However, it was incompatible with the expected aether wind effect due to the Earth's (seasonally varying) velocity which would have required a shift of 0.4 of a fringe, and the error was small enough that the value may have indeed been zero. Therefore, the null hypothesis, the hypothesis that there was no aether wind, could not be rejected. More modern experiments have since reduced the possible value to a number very close to zero, about 10−17.

Historically it has simply been referred to as "the marsh". The first area to be drained and reclaimed for farming is a 7,200-acre (2,915-hectare) municipally drained polder south-west of the town of Bradford proper, of which 40% lies in King Township (York Region) and 60% in the town of Bradford West Gwillimbury (Simcoe County). The other 13,800 acres (5,585 hectares) lie north and east of Bradford, fringing Cook's Bay in the towns of Innisfil and East Gwillimbury.Brownell, Evelyn and Scott, Gordon, "A Study of Holland Marsh, its Reclamation and Development", August, 1949, Department of Planning & Development, Immigration Branch, Ontario Portions of this area have been privately reclaimed for farming, such as the Ravenshoe Road and Bradford Marsh areas, and portions are recreational or undisturbed wetland.

Its core is a substantial Italianate villa designed by Edmond Blacket & John Sulman and also of architectural and historical significance for its associations with Thomas Walker, a prominent Australian. It is of great significance for its landscape, as an intact estate on the Parramatta River, with extensive mature mangroves fringing the shore and mature plantings in an extensive but deteriorated garden. The estate has a large collection of rare and important trees and shrubs, many over a century old, some of individual botanical and horticultural significance and rarity as well as herbaceous and climbing plant specimens. Whilst not of exceptional design, as a component of the estate the garden with its extensive late Victorian or Edwardian grotto- work, picking, flower garden and entertaining areas is of much interest, and demonstrates a lost way of life.

Union Street runs for , is wide and originally contained the principal shops and most of the public buildings, all granite. Part of the street crosses the Denburn ravine (utilised for the line of the Great North of Scotland Railway) by Union Bridge, a fine granite arch of span, with portions of the older town still fringing the gorge, below the level of Union Street. The latter was built between 1801 and 1805, and named after the Acts of Union 1800 with Ireland. Amongst the notable buildings in the street are the Town and County Bank, the Music Hall, the Trinity Hall of the incorporated trades (originating between 1398 and 1527), now a shopping mall; the Palace Hotel; the former office of the Northern Assurance Company, and the National Bank of Scotland.

The language of Poruma (locally known as Puruma) is the Kulkalgau Ya dialect of Kalau Lagau Ya. Poruma, also known as Coconut Island, is situated in the central island group of the Torres Strait. It is a narrow coral island approximately 1.4 km long and 400m wide, bounded by shallow, fringing coral reefs. The Torres Strait Islander people of Poruma are of Melanesian origin and lived in village communities following traditional patterns of hunting, fishing and trade for many thousands of years before contact was made with the first European visitors to the region.R E Johannes & J W MacFarlane, Traditional Fishing in the Torres Strait Islands(CSIRO; 1991) 113-114M Fuary, In So Many Words: An Ethnography of Life and Identity on Yam Island, Torres Strait (PhD Thesis, James Cook University, Townsville; 1991) 68-71.

Jarrah and marri forest near the Blackwood River Marri is widely distributed in the Southwest region of Western Australia, from north of Geraldton (28° S) to Cape Riche (34° S), and inland beyond Narrogin (32°56′S 117° E). It is found displaying its adaptability to the different environments on the Swan Coastal Plain and the Darling Scarp. Where the soil type is appropriate it will dominate as the upper storey in woodland, to within a few kilometres from the coast. The species will grow on comparatively poor soil, but good specimens are considered an indicator of the better agricultural soils. Found in a variety of terrains including Flats, hills, breakaways, wetlands, fringing salt marches and beside drainage lines it is able to grow in red-brown clay loams, orange-brown sandy clays, gravel and grey sandy soils over limestone, granite or laterite.

Catanzaro, Don, Rick Nemeth, Caroline Rogers, Zandy Hillis-Starr, and Marcia Taylor, "The Status of the Coral Reefs of The U.S. Virgin Islands" The way these coral reefs grow are by coral larvae swimming freely and attaching themselves to hard surfaces around the islands and start to develop a skeleton on the outside of their skin to protect themselves from predators but also allow a new place for other coral larvae to attach to and grow on."How Coral Reefs Grow" Coral Reef Alliance. These corals can form into three different structures; fringing reefs, which are reefs that are close to the shore, barrier reefs, which are reefs that are alongside the shore and is separated by deep water, and an atoll reef which is a coral reef that circles a lagoon or body of water."Corals" NOAA National Ocean Service Education: Corals.

The Murray River (and associated tributaries) support a variety of river life adapted to its vagaries. This includes a variety of native fish such as the famous Murray cod, trout cod, golden perch, Macquarie perch, silver perch, eel-tailed catfish, Australian smelt, and western carp gudgeon, and other aquatic species like the Murray short-necked turtle, Murray River crayfish, broad-clawed yabbies, and the large clawed Macrobrachium shrimp, as well as aquatic species more widely distributed through southeastern Australia such as common longnecked turtles, common yabbies, the small claw-less paratya shrimp, water rats, and platypus. The Murray River also supports fringing corridors and forests of the river red gum. The health of the Murray River has declined significantly since European settlement, particularly due to river regulation, and much of its aquatic life including native fish are now declining, rare or endangered.

In seismic profile, the main body of the seamount rises steeply over in predominantly unsedimented volcanic slope to the thinly sedimented ( to ), from an Emperor point of view, gently domed summit region between to high peak profile, which covers about 3400 square kilometers of area. From analysis of seismic reflection survey data and core material recovered by drillings at Site 432, the shipboard party of Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 55 proposed that Nintoku Seamount was in an intermediate atoll stage (no lagoon but fringing reefs and banks and extensive carbonate bank interiors) before subsidence removed the island below the wave base. It was further thought that a few small remnant volcanic peaks and domes still pierce the sedimentary deposits. Nintoku Seamount apparently remained at or above sea level long enough to be almost completely devastated by subaerial erosion and wave action.

See Progression of sea- level change in Atlantic Canada. During the past six thousand years, sea level has risen an average of one foot per century, and until about four thousand years ago, the landward boundary of Buzzards Bay extended only to about the current thirty-foot bathymetric contour, forming a coastline two-thirds of the way up the current bay, between West Falmouth and Mattapoisett. The bay's current configuration, a well-mixed central bay and fringing shallow drowned- river valleys, with their shallow depth, tidal action, and surface waves, promotes mixing of the estuarine waters to create a productive aquatic ecosystem. Like many estuaries, however, increasing development and land-use changes by the surrounding communities are accompanied by nutrient runoff leading to eutrophication (an increase in nutrient levels leading to oxygen depletion) in the smaller embayments.

The redeye barb or Beira barb (Enteromius radiatus), is a widespread African species of freshwater cyprinid fish which is found from Uganda south to the Limpopo River and Incomati River systems in South Africa. The redeye barb lives and feeds on the bottom as well as in the middle of the water column and at the surface. It prefers marginal vegetation in rivers but also occurs in marshes and among the fringing vegetation of lakes. In Swaziland, redeye barbs have been recorded in rock pools in the Komati River, in Lake Malawi it has been recorded where the shoreline is rocky, while in the Lake Rukwa drainage system it occurs in rivers which feed the lake and associated smaller waterbodies and in Lake Chiuta it has been reported as reasonably common in the lake and in slower flowing stretches of the inflow streams.

LJL Central Laboratory Facility Isla Canales de Tierra forest canopy The Liquid Jungle Lab (LJL) is a tropical marine research station on the island of Canales de Tierra on the western coast of Pacific Panamá along a primary marine biological corridor. The LJL research campus was completed in 2004 and is part of a private 3,500 hectare reserve composed of primary forest, mangroves, tide pools, and a rocky inter-tidal zone that transitions into fringing coral reefs. The island laboratory is adjacent to two large coastal bays, Bahia Honda, Veraguas Province and Pixvae Bay, which are important mangrove, estuarine and riparian (stream) habitats. The island and laboratory serve as a strategic base for ecologic research of the Coiba National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage SiteCoiba National Park UNESCO World Heritage Site and Panama’s largest marine protected area.

This chapter ends with a summary of his theory illustrated with two woodcuts each showing two different stages of reef formation in relation to sea level. In the sixth chapter he examines the geographical distribution of types of reef and its geological implications, using the large coloured map of the world to show vast areas of atolls and barrier reefs where the ocean bed was subsiding with no active volcanos, and vast areas with fringing reefs and volcanic outbursts where the land was rising. This chapter ends with a recapitulation which summarises the findings of each chapter and concludes by describing the global image as "a magnificent and harmonious picture of the movements, which the crust of the earth has within a late period undergone". A large appendix gives a detailed and exhaustive description of all the information he had been able to obtain on the reefs of the world.

Lagos initially emerged as a home to the Awori subgroup of the Yoruba of West Africa and later emerged as a port city that originated on a collection of islands, which are contained in the present day Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Lagos Island, Eti-Osa, Amuwo-Odofin and Apapa. The islands are separated by creeks, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon, while being protected from the Atlantic Ocean by barrier islands and long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to east and west of the mouth. Due to rapid urbanization, the city expanded to the west of the lagoon to include areas in the present day Lagos Mainland, Ajeromi-Ifelodun and Surulere. This led to the classification of Lagos into two main areas: the Island, which was the initial city of Lagos, before it expanded into the area known as the Mainland.

The word "Wikipedia" rendered using ClearType In this magnified view, it becomes clear that, while the overall smoothness of the text seems to improve, there is also color fringing of the text. (a) text rendered without ClearType and (b) text rendered with ClearType An extreme close-up of a color display shows (a) text rendered without ClearType and (b) text rendered with ClearType. Note the changes in subpixel intensity that are used to increase effective resolution when ClearType is enabled without ClearType, all sub-pixels of a given pixel have the same intensity. (a) text rendered without ClearType and (b) text rendered with ClearType In the above lines of text, when the orange circle is shown, all the text in the frame is rendered using ClearType (RGB subpixel rendering); when the orange circle is absent all the text is rendered using normal (full pixel greyscale) anti-aliasing.

Clark concludes that the ground- water levels must have been high in order for a swamp and fringing, or riparian forest, to grow along the waters edge during a period of reduced rainfall. Zone V Pollen collected from the next zone indicate an identical environment with the swamp and woodland vegetation that was not affected by climate conditions, such as the drop of 3° Celsius (C) in the area. Zone W Pollen of plants that grow in more open areas with more rainfall were taken from Zone W. This indicates an increase in rainfall to about 75–100 cm and a woodland with an open canopy to allow that rainfall to reach the ground below. Zone X Clark indicates that the study of this zone was only on one sample drawn from the soil below, so the conclusions are not finite in his study.

In 2006 the BBC ran a series of programmes called The Lost World of Friese-Greene, presented by Dan Cruickshank about Claude Friese-Greene's road trip from Land's End to John o' Groats, entitled The Open Road, which he filmed from 1924 to 1926 using the Biocolour process.The Open Road (2007) British Universities Film & Video Council Modern television production techniques meant they were able to remove the issues of flickering and colour fringing around moving objects, which Kinemacolor and Biocolour had when projected. The result was a unique view of Britain in colour in the mid-1920s.The Lost World of Friese-Greene (2006) British Universities Film & Video Council, William Friese-Greene was more or less banished to obscurity by film historians from the 1960s onwards, but new research is leading to a rehabilitation of his reputation and a better understanding of his achievements and his influence on the technical development of cinema.

Milodanović began creating pictures made of straw, the first artist to use the ancient skills to produce two-dimensional works. At the first group showing of painters and slamarke, held in 1962, Milodanović showed a model of St. Mark Church in Žednik (1961) and a pictorial work, originally called Voda i sunce (Water and Sun, 1962) and later titled Rit. The work was intricate and unique, involving bending, braiding, chopping, fringing and binding the straw with needle and thread. The following year, she created a new work, Sova na đermi (Owl on Djerma, 1963), which brought public interest and critical acclaim to the craft. While other slamarke had followed her lead, press reports noted she was the most skilled, praising her skill and patience to create the expressive works which evoked movement and depicted the wildlife of the Bačka region, with such pieces as Žetvi (Harvest, 1964-1965), Devojčica sa guskom (Girl with a goose, 1964-1965), and Dečak sa leptirom (Boy with a butterfly, 1964-1965).

Among the islands which thickly fringe this part of the coast, the largest are Merino Jarpa (lying within Baker Channel), Prat, Campana (part of Guayaneco Archipelago), Little Wellington, Wellington and Mornington (of the Wellington Archipelago), Madre de Dios, Duke of York, Chatham, Hanover, Cambridge, Contreras, Rennell and the Queen Adelaide Archipelago, a group of small barren rocks and islands lying immediately north of the Pacific entrance to the Strait of Magellan. The large number of English names on this coast is due to the fact that the earliest detailed survey of this region was made by English naval officers; the charts prepared from their surveys are still in use and form the basis of all subsequent maps. Belonging to the Tierra del Fuego archipelago south of the Strait of Magellan are Desolación, Santa Inés, Clarence, Capitán Aracena, Dawson, Londonderry, Hoste, Navarino and Wollaston Islands, with innumerable smaller islands and rocks fringing their shores and filling the channels between them. The far south contains large expanses of pastures that are best suited for raising sheep, mainly on Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego.

Coral reefs form some of the world's most productive ecosystems, providing complex and varied marine habitats that support a wide range of other organisms. Fringing reefs just below low tide level have a mutually beneficial relationship with mangrove forests at high tide level and sea grass meadows in between: the reefs protect the mangroves and seagrass from strong currents and waves that would damage them or erode the sediments in which they are rooted, while the mangroves and sea grass protect the coral from large influxes of silt, fresh water and pollutants. This level of variety in the environment benefits many coral reef animals, which, for example, may feed in the sea grass and use the reefs for protection or breeding. Reefs are home to a variety of animals, including fish, seabirds, sponges, cnidarians (which includes some types of corals and jellyfish), worms, crustaceans (including shrimp, cleaner shrimp, spiny lobsters and crabs), mollusks (including cephalopods), echinoderms (including starfish, sea urchins and sea cucumbers), sea squirts, sea turtles and sea snakes.