Cat has abruptly abandoned the Floras, her local scouts, because of the troop's participation in the mistreatment of birds.
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The Bobcats had one more look, but a desperation 277-point attempt by Dimitri Floras clanged off the rim.
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To study the gut floras, they used a test called ribosomal-RNA sequencing to identify which species the animals' faeces contained.
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By housing the offspring of obese mothers with those of normal mothers, they thus reset to normal the gut floras of the pups.
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Maria Elvira Escallón's "Nuevas Floras, Versailles" (2017) is a large sculpture made of a log that comments on humans' attempt to shape nature.
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This showed that the bacterial floras of organic farms were much more effective at suppressing dangerous strains of E. coli than those of conventional farms.
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Unfortunate though this is, the upset gut floras of autistic people are seen by some investigators as the key to the condition—and to treating it.
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So the four girls form their own secret troop, "The Ostentation of Others and Outsiders," with the goal of ridding the Floras of their outdated ceremonial hat made of real bird feathers.
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Published and distributed by independent publishing house Zioxla, Cats & Plants is filled to the brim with unusual collages of felines and floras that Eichhorn has pieced together in his studio over the years.
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" In the last 10 years, he said, many clubs have replaced manicured areas of their courses "with sand, with native floras and shrubs that exist naturally on the topography and just leave it.
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"The Winton Formation itself, from which Savannasaurus and Diamantinasaurus were derived, is characterised by floras co-dominated by angiosperms and conifers, with ferns the next most diverse and abundant group, and ginkgoes, horsetails, and bennettitales also present but relatively rare," said Poropat.
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Their disbelief is based on a painstaking analysis of Macrostrat, a database of all that is known about the stratigraphy of North America, together with an examination of which types of plant dominated the floras of stratigraphic units containing a lot of coal.
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If examining the gut floras of autistic children and their mothers (whether or not those mothers are obese) even hinted at something homologous happening in human beings, then dosing infants who might be at risk with L. reuteri could be a sensible idea.
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Chandler, M.E.J. 1961. The lower Tertiary floras of southern England I. Palaeocene floras, London Clay flora. London: British Museum (Natural History).
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The following is a list of published bryophyte floras covering counties or other local areas of Britain, together with a list of vascular plant floras which also contain bryophyte lists.
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Daniel Isaac Axelrod (July 16, 1910 – June 2, 1998) was a leading twentieth- century paleoecologist specializing in Tertiary Cordilleran floras, in particular correlating fossil evidence of specific floras with climate change indicators.
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For other online flora databases see List of electronic Floras.
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The New River is a stream, about long, on the southern coast of the U.S. state of Oregon. It begins slightly north of Floras Lake, at the confluence of the lake outlet and Floras Creek, and runs north behind a foredune until entering the Pacific Ocean between Bandon and Port Orford. The river's name stems from its creation in 1890, when sand blocked the outlet from Floras Lake during a heavy storm, and the resulting flood created a new channel behind the foredune. The water from Floras Creek also flows down the new channel.
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In his Guide to Standard Floras of the World, David G. Frodin cited Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana as an example of a "[g]ood modern, relatively 'concise' conventional flora".Frodin, D.G. (2001). Guide to Standard Floras of the World. Second Edition.
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The vegetation in the atoll is sparse, because of the lack of fresh water. Only two species of vascular plant are currently known to grow thereProcter, D.; Fleming, L.V.; p. 90 - one of the smallest such floras on any island.Frodin, D. G. (2001) Guide to standard floras of the world: an annotated, geographically arranged systematic bibliography of the principal floras, enumerations, checklists, and chorological atlases of different areas, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed.
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Plant fossils, especially seeds and fruits, are found in abundance and have been collected from the London Clay for almost 300 years.Chandler, M. E. J. 1961. The lower Tertiary floras of southern England I. Palaeocene floras, London Clay flora. London: British Museum (Natural History).
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Floras Creek, a tributary of the New River, passes through the southern part of the community.
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Many floras of the south of Europe speak of it as a subspontaneous or naturalized species.
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Littlehampton Town play their home games at The Sportsfield, St Floras Road, Littlehampton, West Sussex, BN17 2BD.
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Frodin, David 2002. Guide to Standard Floras of the World, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. p. 27.
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A, Band 147, 41 p.Christophel, D.C., 1976. Fossil floras from the Smoky Tower locality, Alberta, Canada. Palaeontographica, Abt.
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In the last 10 years, BRIT is credited with more than 80 new plant species discoveries. BRIT research is divided into three programs: Floras, Plants and Peoples, and Landscape Ecology. Floras encompasses the discovery, classification, and characterization of plants and vegetation. Plants and Peoples explores the relationship people have developed with plants over millennia.
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Sailboarding, especially for beginners because of the lake environment and wind conditions, is popular at Floras Lake. Boice–Cope County Park provides a boat ramp for sport fishing at the lake, which is stocked with rainbow trout and supports a small population of largemouth bass. It is also part of the migratory route for Chinook salmon and other seagoing fish on their way to and from the lake's feeder streams. The Floras Lake Trail, one of the four trails in the New River ACEC, connects the county park to the Floras Lake State Natural Area.
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Stirling Range heath The area is of great biogeographic and evolutionary interest and displays one of the richest floras in the world.
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Dr. Floyd Allen Swink (1921-2000) was an American botanist, teacher of natural history, and author of several floras of the Chicago region.
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The Lower Tertiary Floras of Southern England The Lower Tertiary Floras of Southern England was published in five volumes from January 1961 cataloguing and describing fossilised vegetation from different stratigraphic groups located in southern England. Many of the seeds described in the text have been found in the Thanet formation located in Herne Bay, Kent. Other floras depicted in the publication are from other locations, but prominent areas include Sussex, Middlesex, Surrey, and Warden Point on the Isle of Sheppey as well as other areas of Kent. The atlas contains illustrations of many fossilised plant remains, mostly seeds.
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A list of prehistoric and extant species whose fossils have been found in the London Clay, which underlies large areas of southeast England. Plant fossils, especially seeds and fruits, are found in abundance and have been collected from the London Clay for almost 300 years.Chandler, M.E.J. 1961. The lower Tertiary floras of southern England I. Palaeocene floras, London Clay flora.
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Greenland is considered an alpine region of the North American Arctic. Vegetation that grows in this area is confined to mostly narrow coastal ice- free fringes which constitutes about 14% of the total area. Poor floras occur in the colder coastal areas in the northern parts of the country while rich floras occur in the southwest parts and inland in the south.
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Edmund Frederic ("Heff") Warburg (22 March 1908 – 9 June 1966) was an English botanist, known as the co-author of two important British floras.
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Early Cretaceous macrofloras of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 18: 19-65.McLoughlin, S. & McNamara, K. 2001. Ancient Floras of Western Australia.
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Bagnall made important contributions to the Floras of the counties surrounding his home in Birmingham. One of his earliest publications, in 1874, was a moss Flora of Warwickshire. In 1876, he published a Flora of Sutton Park, now a National Nature Reserve. There were very few plant records from Sutton Park before this account, so that his Flora served as the foundation for all later Floras.
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Gobierno de Canarias, p. 150 Its name in Spanish is ajinajo.Echium aculeatum, Floras de Canarias It is a branched shrub with thorny leaves and white flowers.
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The Geological Society website list of winners, Retrieved 6 October 2015 Chandler's impact on the study of Geology is seen through her research concerning the London Clay flora. Her research examined the "angiosperm fruits and seeds of the Palaeocene floras ... and those of the London Clay not previously described." From 1933 Chandler took the lead focusing on Tertiary floras. Reid continued to support Chandler and to write the occasional short paper.
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A Flora is a book or other work which describes the plant species occurring in an area or time period, often with the aim of allowing identification. The term is usually capitalized to distinguish it from the use of "flora" to mean the plants rather than their descriptions. Some classic and modern Floras are listed below. Traditionally Floras are books, but some are now published on CD-ROM or websites.
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The foliage is the most abundant known remains of this family, having been reported from Artinskian to Wuchiapingian macrofloras of both north and south China.Shen Guanlong. 1995, Permian floras.
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Palaeoenvironmental analysis of the Messinian macrofossil floras of Tossignano and Monte Tondo (Vena del Gesso Basin, Romagna Apennines, northern Italy) – Vasilis Teodoridis, Zlatko Kvacek, Marco Sami and Edoardo Martinetto – December 2015 .
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Occasional Vesicaspora pollen grains and fragments of Dicksonites-like fronds occur in early Moscovian (middle Westphalian) strata, especially in intra-montane basins. However, callistophyte foliage and pollen suddenly become relatively widespread and abundant in Euramerican floras in late Moscovian (late Asturian) floras. This increase in callistophyte abundance is one of the indexes to the base of what is called the Dicksonites plueckenetii Subzone,Cleal, C. J. & Thomas, B. A. (1994). Plant fossils of the British Coal Measures.
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The river flows north behind a foredune until veering west and entering the Pacific Ocean through a break in the dune. Relatively remote, the lake and the Floras Lake State Natural Area, can be reached on foot from the south along a trail that begins at Cape Blanco Airport. More common is to approach by car on Floras Lake Road off U.S. Route 101. This leads to Boice–Cope County Park, at the northeastern corner of the lake.
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William Stearn was the author of nearly 500 publications, including his autobiography. These included monographs, partial floras, books on botanical illustration, scholarly editions of historical botanical texts, dictionaries, bibliographies and botanical histories.
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Epling published more than one hundred scientific works ranging from monographs to contributions to local floras, and described numerous genera and species new to science—including the well known psychoactive Salvia divinorum.
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Floras Lake is a natural body of water on the southern Oregon Coast of the United States. Fed by four small tributaries from a basin of about in Curry County, it lies about north of Port Orford and west of U.S. Route 101. It was probably named for Fred Flora, a 19th-century settler and miner who lived nearby. The lake, with a mean elevation of about above sea level, empties north into Floras Creek, where the combined streams form the New River.
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During the Permian Cathaysia/South China was located near the Equator and within the Paleo-Tethys Ocean together with the North China continent and these two small continents share what is often called the "Cathaysian floras and faunas" (in contrast to the "Gondwanan floras and faunas"). As North and South China collided during the Late Triassic the Qinling Ocean closed. South China was covered with coal forests formed by seed ferns of the order Callistophytales, whilst tree-like Lycopodiophytes survived into the Permian.
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As a research center on central and northern subtropical floras of China, the garden has a living collection of about 3,000 species belonging to 913 genera of 188 families.Introduction of Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem.
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Eighteen species of plant leaves were described from the St. Mary River Formation in 1949.Bell, W.A. 1949. Uppermost Cretaceous and Paleocene floras of western Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 13, 231 p.
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They are interpreted to have grown in very wet soil conditions,McLoughlin, S. & McNamara, K. 2001. Ancient Floras of Western Australia. Publication of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum. 42 pp.
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Lower Cretaceous floras of western Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 285, 331 p. Indeterminate fossil ornithischian tracks are also known from the formation.Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd ed.
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Gypsum floras are well-documented in other parts of the world, but are sufficiently rare in eastern North America that they are not even mapped here in a recent world- wide review on the topic.
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Plant fossils are common in both the Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene portions of the Edmonton Group.Bell, W.A. 1949. Uppermost Cretaceous and Paleocene floras of western Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 13, 231 p.
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Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien appeared in 23 volumes. An incomplete second edition was issued in 28 parts (1924-1980), although Engler had died in 1930. It is still considered one of the few true World Floras.
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International Journal of Plant Sciences 170: 814–828. Callistophytales appear to be victims of the Permo-Triassic extinction event in 'Cathaysia'.Seyfullah, L. J. and Hilton, J. (2011). Callistophytalean pteridosperms from the Permian floras of China.
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Flora Malesiana series 1, volume 7. Noordhoff International Publishing: Leyden, Holland. Much of what is known about the family comes from regional floras such as Flora of Australia Gordon P. Guymer. 1984. "Icacinaceae" pages 204-211.
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The four earliest fossil species of Eleutherococcus are from the Maastrichtian (about 70 Ma) floras of Eisleben and Walbeck, Germany, the synonym Acanthopanax is used for these species †A. friedrichii, †A. gigantocarpus, †A. mansfeldensis and †A. obliquocostatus.
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Notes on the Permo- Carboniferous floras of Queensland. Queensland government mining journal, 34: 37-38. Whitehouse, F. W. (1936-1939). The Cambrian faunas of north-eastern Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 11: 59-78, 179-182.
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An explosion of a box of cartridges aboard La Nymphe added further to the carnage. Floras crew then boarded the French vessel and within moments the French vessel struck. She proved to be the frigate La Nymphe, pierced for 40 guns, but mounting only 32, and commanded by the Chevalier Charles-Marie de Trolong du Rumain, who died that evening of his wounds with command being passed to Lieutenant Pennandref de Keranstret. ;Aftermath Floras guns were heavier, 18- and 9-pounders, against the French ship's 12- and 6-pounders.
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It currently contains approximately 35,000 books and over 800 periodicals of which 122 are still published. The collection covers all aspects of plant biology. Although it consists mainly of specialized works and focuses primarily on the acquisition of floras and monographs in systematic botany, books destined for the amateur can also found. The library conserves a collection of 3375 ancient books, floras and other works dating from 1531 to 1901, including works by Linné, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Albrecht von Haller, Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Dominique Villars, Lamarck, Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, and others.
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Further Middle Miocene occurrences in Nevada are the Thurston Ranch flora, Deadman Creek flora, Pyramid flora, Purple Mountain flora, Eastgate flora, and Middlegate floras. Late Miocene occurrences in Oregon are the Weyerhauser flora, Hidden Lake flora, Austin flora, Tipton flora, Stinking Water flora, and Trout Creek floras. Late Miocene occurrences in Idaho are the Cartwright Ranch flora, Horseshoe Bend flora, Alkali Creek flora and Trapper Creek flora. Based on the identified fossil occurrences A. chaneyi has a temporal range of approximately 20 million years, the longest identified for any fossil species in Western North America.
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The fact that the country is in the contact area of the boreal and tropical floras allows for the development of communities where both floras fight to excel, having developed indigenous communities. Generally, it can be considered that the distribution of vegetation in Mexico is conditioned, in the first instance, by climate factors. Although frequently, geological, edaphic or topographic nature plays a very important role. The pine-oak forest is a biome characterized by the abundance of certain species of pine and oak, of the genus Pinus and Quercus respectively.
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The reserve is characterized by floras of Haloxylon salicornicum and Calligonum. It is also a habitat to the Houbara bustard, hyaena, and wolf.Abuzinada, Ah. (2003). The role of protected areas in conserving biological diversity in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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The ignimbrite was radiometrically dated by the Potassium–argon method at 6.4 million years by Evernden and James (1964).Evernden, J. F., and James, G. T., 1964. Potassium-argon dates of the Tertiary floras of North America: Am. Jour. Sci., v.
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In the late 19th century, Adolf Engler (1844-1930) was the first to make a world map with the limits of distribution of floras, with four major floral regions (realms).Engler, A. (1879-1882). Versuch einer Entwicklungsgeschichte der Pflanzenwelt. 2 vols.
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In Flora Lapponica Linnaeus's ideas about nomenclature and classification were first used in a practical way, making this the first proto-modern flora.Frodin, David 2002. Guide to Standard Floras of the World, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. p. 27.
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The central U.S. hardwood forests comprise a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in the Eastern United States, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund. It has one of the most diverse herbaceous plant floras of ecoregions in North America.
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Telegraph and came to Floras assistance and rescued her crew. Flora was subsequently refitted for duty.Naval Chronicle, Vol. 4 (1800), p.520. By December 1800, Telegraphs commander was Lieutenant John Mundall. Mundall's commission as lieutenant, however, dated from 10 January 1801.
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Cephalotus follicularis, a low growing pitcher plant endemic to Southwest Australia Australia has one of the world's richest carnivorous plant floras, with around 187 recognised species from 6 genera.Bourke, G. & R. Nunn 2012. Australian Carnivorous Plants. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
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These three floras were possibly tied to the Salmon and Cow Creek floras of Central Idaho, and possibly with the John Day Formations Sheep rock flora in Oregon. Acer taurocursum is one of six Acer species to be described by Wolfe and Tanai in 1987 from the "Bull Run" flora, with the others being A. elkoanum, A. eonegundo, A. cadaver, A. eomediunum, and A. axelrodi. Like A. taurocursum, A. cadaver is described from fruits. Acer axelrodi, A. elkoanum, and Acer eomediunum are known from both leaves and fruits, while A. eonegundo is only described form foliage.
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The main plant communities of the Northern Triangle temperate forests are broadleaf forests and mixed forests. The forests are diverse, blending plants characteristic of the tropical floras of the Eastern Himalayas with those of Assam, the Indian subcontinent and Indochina and the temperate floras of the Himalayas and China and even some relict plants of the ancient continent of Gondwana. Furthermore the Northern Triangle Temperate forests have been little explored by scientists since the work of Frank Kingdon-Ward in the 1920s and 1930s and their biodiversity is likely underestimated. The broadleaf forests lie between 1830 and 2100 meters elevation.
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In places in the Ituri Rainforest of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, G. dewevrei forms 90% of the tree species present in the canopy. The floras of the Guineo-Congolian region and the adjoining Zambezian Region are for the most part almost mutually exclusive, apart from a small number of cosmopolitan species and a few others. However, there is a transition zone where the two floras, each in an impoverished form, intermingle or occur in a mosaic pattern, influenced by climatic factors and soil types. This makes it difficult to define an exact boundary between the two regions.
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Paraconcavistylon wehrii is known from specimens which were recovered from outcrops of the early Eocene, Ypresian Klondike Mountain Formation in Republic and coeval McAbee Fossil Beds near Cache Creek, British Columbia. The Klondike Mountain Formation and McAbee Fossil sites preserve upland temperate floras which were first interpreted as being microthermal, however further study has shown the floras to be more mesothermal in nature. The plant community preserved in the Klondike Mountain formation is a mixed conifer–broadleaf forest with large pollen elements of birch and golden larch, but also having notable traces of fir, spruce, cypress, and palm.
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Acer chaneyi is known from leaf and samara specimens which were recovered from a number of different formations in Western North America. The oldest occurrence is from the possibly Early Oligocene Gumboot Mountain flora of Southern Washington state followed by the Late Oligocene Kukak Bay flora in Alaska. In the early Miocene A. chaneyi is known from the Alaskan Kanalku Bay flora, Oregon Collawash and Little Butte flora. The Middle Miocene locations include the Skolai Creek flora of Alaska, Grand Coulee and Latah floras of Washington, Mascall flora and Succor Creek floras in Oregon and the Latah and Clarkia flora in Idaho.
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21, p. 698-714. It contains a variety of plant fossils including remains of ferns, cycads, cycadeoids, Ginkgos and extinct conifers, but remains of flowering plants do not appear until the overlying Ma Butte Formation.Bell, W.A. 1949. Lower Cretaceous floras of western Canada.
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Plant Systematics and Evolution 279: 191–218. male organs of Norinotheca and ovulate fronds of Norinosperma, and stems of Calistophyton.Seyfullah, L. J., Hilton, J., Wang, S. J. and Galtier, J. (2009). Anatomically preserved pteridosperm stems and petioles from the Permian floras of China.
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Balnoi is also a large village in Tehsil Mendhar. In 1947 mostly people of Balnoi migrated to Pakistan. Chak Banola village is located at about 15 km from Mendhar. It is consists of fertile land for cultivation, encompassing a wide variety of floras.
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These scores are comparable to the 1986 to 1995 results of 94 and 93. Despite the excellent ratings, the Chetco River actually ranks as the second most polluted stream in Curry County, after nearby Floras Creek, a tributary of the New River.
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A report on Tertiary plants of British Columbia, collected by Lawrence M. Lambe in 1906 together with a discussion of previously recorded Tertiary floras. Canada Department of Mines, Geological Survey Branch, No. 1013. pp. 1–167. but best known from the Princeton Chert.
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Löve also wrote papers about plant evolution from a more theoretical angle, e.g. the still cited The biological species concept and its evolutionary structure. He wrote some floras on Icelandic plants, including Íslenzk Ferðaflóra (1970, 2nd. ed. 1975), illustrated by Dagny Tande Lid.
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He often collaborated with botanists such as Michael Schuck Bebb, Cyrus Pringle, Edward Lee Greene, William Marriott Canby, and Asa Gray, and exchanged printed floras with his contemporaries. He also published works by other botanists, including John Donnell Smith's catalog of Guatemalan plants.
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Less commonly, preserved fruits are also pictured. Each specimen is shown from many different angles, showing varying degrees of imperfections and decay. Volume I: Palaeocene Floras: London Clay Flora. Volume II: Flora of the Pipe-Clay Series of Dorset (Lower Bagshot) Volume III: Flora of the Bournemouth Beds; The Boscombe, and the Highcliff Sands Volume IV: A Summary and Survey of Findings in the Light of Recent Botanical Observations Volume V: Supplement to the Lower Terieary Floras of Southern England The London Clay Flora By Eleanor Mary Reid & Marjorie Elizabeth Jane Chandler One of the key publications regarding the London Clay Flora which are located at the shores at Sheppey.
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This list of electronic Floras is arranged by country within continent. An electronic Flora is an online resource which provides descriptions of the associated plants, often also providing identification keys, or partial identification keys, to the plants described. Some Floras point to the literature associated with the plants of the region (flora Malesiana), others seek to show the plants of a region using images (flora of India), others give an inventory of the region's plants (flora of Pakistan). Countries with sites listing both flora and fauna have also been included, since the sites provide a useful resource for those seeking to use a Flora.
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In 1848 he graduated as a doctor of medicine in Vienna, and became in 1854 a professor of botany and natural history at the medical and surgical military academy in that city. In 1871 he was chosen professor of botany at Graz, a position which he maintained until the close of his life. From 1876 he made repeated visits to London, where he arranged collections at the Natural History Museum.The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London Google Books He was distinguished for his researches on the Tertiary floras of various parts of Europe, and on the fossil floras of Australia and New Zealand.
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It was the two of them who were credited with establishing that "floras could be reliably reconstructed from sources rich in fossil fruiting organs". Their second book, The Fossil Flora of Tegelen-sur-Meuse, near Venloo, in the Province of Limburg was published in 1907 and is focused on paleobotany, as well as the Pleistocene geological timescale. The last book they published together was in 1915—a year before the death of her husband Clement Reid— titled, The Pliocene Floras of the Dutch-Prussian Border, which targets the topics of both paleobotany as well as the Pliocene geological timescale. Reid's interest in her field of study continued after her husband's death.
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Bacterial life is sometimes included in flora, and some classifications use the term bacterial flora separately from plant flora. Among the many ways of classifying plants are by regional floras, which, depending on the purpose of study, can also include fossil flora, remnants of plant life from a previous era. People in many regions and countries take great pride in their individual arrays of characteristic flora, which can vary widely across the globe due to differences in climate and terrain. Regional floras commonly are divided into categories such as native flora and agricultural and garden flora, the lastly mentioned of which are intentionally grown and cultivated.
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The botanical continents of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, used for classifying floras geographically Floristic regions in Europe according to Wolfgang Frey and Rainer Lösch The flora of a particular area or time period can be documented in a publication also known as a "flora" (often capitalized as "Flora" to distinguish the two meanings when they might be confused). Floras may require specialist botanical knowledge to use with any effectiveness. Traditionally they are books, but some are now published on CD-ROM or websites. Simon Paulli's Flora Danica of 1648 is probably the first book titled "Flora" to refer to the plant world of a certain region.
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In addition to hulled/free-threshing status, other morphological criteria, e.g. spike laxness or glume wingedness, are important in defining wheat forms. Some of these are covered in the individual species accounts linked from this page, but Floras must be consulted for full descriptions and identification keys.
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The flora of the landscape is part of the Lake Victoria Regional Mosaic according to White's vegetation classification of Africa and it has the strongest affinity with the Guineo-Congolian and Afromontane floras, because of its close vicinity to the Congo Basin and the Rwenzori Mountains.
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Elsa Nyholm's name is particularly associated with her two grand moss floras, the Illustrated Moss Flora of Fennoscandia and Illustrated Flora of Nordic Mosses. She had a lasting and fruitful collaboration with the British bryologist Alan Crundwell. The bryophyte genus Nyholmiella (Orthotrichaceae) is named in her honour.
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As early as three years after Mildbraed's publication of the subfamily Donatioideae, other authors began to question the placement and argued for recognition of Donatiaceae. In 1915, Carl Skottsberg formally published the Donatiaceae.Skottsberg, C. (1915). Notes on the relations between the floras of subantarctic America and New Zealand.
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Hemithrinax ekmaniana in the Caribbean section. As of 2016, the plant collection includes at least 1853 plant taxa, with focus on island floras. 420 plant taxa are in the IUCN red list: 73 are critically endangered and 2 extinct in the wild. The palm collection has 573 taxa.
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One of the oldest known mosses is present (Muscites plumatus). Some species are common with the contemporary Lower Brown Limestone and Lower Oil Shales floras. The quarry is nationally important for research in the distribution of Lower Carboniferous plants. It provides early evolutionary information on mosses, lycopods and pteriodosperms.
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The New River ACEC comprises four units—Storm Ranch, Floras Lake, Fourmile Creek, and Lost Lake—connected by hiking trails to parking, restrooms, a Nature Center, and other structures. River Road, with a gravel surface suitable for bicycling and horseback-riding, as well as walking, leads from the parking area to a boat ramp on the New River. Canoers and kayakers can launch at Floras Lake and float down the lake outlet and down New River to a takeout at the ACEC's Storm Ranch, a trip of about , or an ACEC takeout at Lower Fourmile Road, a mile further downstream. The Lower Fourmile takeout involves at portage to a parking lot along Lower Fourmile Road.
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She worked for many years as illustrator for her husband, who for many years wrote floras for Norway, Sweden and Finland.Per Sunding. Johannes Lid (Norsk biografisk leksikon) From 1959 until the early 1980s she made the illustrations for ten Norwegian stamps with flowers. They rank among Norway's most popular stamps issued.
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On 1 May 1771, Lieutenant Kerguelen departed France on the 56-gun Berryer, bound for Isle de France (now Mauritius). Berryer arrived at Port-Louis on 20 August. Kerguelen met Poivre and Marion Dufresne. Rochon also spent time with Poivre, as well as with Ahutoru, discussing the floras of Tahiti.
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Studies done by Dr. R. Potonie suggested these spores have derived from older deposits. These spores were compared with various Carboniferous types. Evidence also suggests they belong to the floras with which they are associated with. Due to corrosion some of the features of the spores may not remain the same.
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The Emplectopteridaceae were pteridosperms known mainly from Permian floras of the Cathaysian Realm. They were mostly shrubby plants with a scrambling or upright habit, and favoured a range of habitats from arid to moist or even aquatic.Wang Ziqiang. 1999. Gigantonoclea: an enigmatic Permian plant from north China. Palaeontology, 42, 329-373.
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In Paleorrota geopark in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were found Gangamopteris obovata. Were located on the Mina Morro do Papaléo in Mariana Pimentel and Quitéria in Pantano Grande. Dating from the Permian and were in the Rio Bonito Formation.HERBIVORIA EM FLORAS GONDUÂNICAS DO NEOPALEÓZOICO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL.
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Where possible, this is traditionally done using dichotomous keys. Keys are traditionally found in such works such as floras, field guides or monographs. Botanical or entomological keys have been coded as computer programs. Applications are even available now which use artificial intelligence to identify plants on the basis of photographs.
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Fossil floras of the Smoky Tower locality, Alberta, Canada. Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, Band 157, p. 1-43. All are spirally arranged, but some are twisted at the base to lie in two horizontal ranks. The seed-bearing cones are pyriform (pear-shaped) and up to 20 mm long and 10 mm wide.
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The main part of the Kiyosue Formation frequently yields plant macrofossils. This plant fossil assemblage is called the Kiyosue flora,Kimura, T., 1980, The present status of the Mesozoic land floras of Japan. In Igo, H. and Noda, H. eds., Professor Saburo Kanno Memorial Volume, the University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, pp. 379-413.
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He also researches the Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic relationship between western Africa and Brazil by reconstructing the paleobiology from fossil floras and faunas. He was president of the French National Museum of Natural History from 1985 to 1990. He received the Sue Tyler Friedman Medal in 2009 for work in the history of geology.
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The climate has been interpreted as temperate, with distinct wet and dry seasons.Wang, Y.; Zheng, S.; Yang, X.; Zhang, W.; and Ni, Q. (2006). "The biodiversity and palaeoclimate of conifer floras from the Early Cretaceous deposits in western Liaoning, northeast China." International Symposium on Cretaceous Major Geological Events and Earth System. p. 56A.
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In: "Alterations in some fossil and living floras". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 36(10):344-355. In 1836, Robert Brown, unaware that the name had already been taken, published the name Bucklandia populnea for the tree now known as Exbucklandia populnea Robert Brown. 1836. Asiatic Researches 19(1):95.
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In addition Floras guns were heavier, 18- and 9-pounders, against the French ship's 12- and 6-pounders. This is reflected in the number of casualties; 9 killed and 17 wounded on Flora out of a crew of 259, and 55 killed and 81 wounded aboard Nymphe, from a crew of 291.
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The award is a bronze medal with an image of José Cuatrecasas on one side and the awardee's name and date of presentation on the other. The awardees are: 2001: Rogers McVaugh a taxonomist of tropical and temperate species particularly Lobeliaceae and Myrtaceae, author of tropical floras for Panama, Guatemala, the Guyana Highlands and Mexico, and biographies of several botanists. 2002: P. Barry Tomlinson specialist in anatomy, morphology and tropical botany, author of books on mangroves, tropical trees, the anatomy of monocotyledons and with inspirational commitment to teaching students about the tropics. 2003: John Beaman long-time curator of the Michigan State University Herbarium, and especially for his work on the floras of Mexico and northern Borneo and the taxonomy Asteraceae.
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Callospermarion ovules from the Early Permian of northern China: palaeofloristic and palaeogeographic significance of callistophytalean seed–ferns in the Cathaysian flora. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 120: 301–314. vegetative foliage of Emplecopteris triagularis,Seyfullah, L. J. and Hilton, J. (2009). Re–evaluation of Halle’s fertile pteridosperms from the Permian floras of Shanxi Province, China.
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Global diversity of island floras from a macroecological perspective. Ecology Letters 11(2): 116-127. In more isolated areas, such as the Southern Ocean Islands, indirect effects such as invasive species and global warming can play a greater role in influencing populations than overexploitation, pollution and habitat loss.Chown, S.L., J.E. Lee, and J.D. Shaw. 2008.
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Tropical regions have diverse Selaginella floras. Selaginella hybrid species are rare because they do not have spore dispersal methods that allow for scattering of them across great distances. Selaginella apoda megaspores may be dispersed by wind or water. It may take as few as 85 days for S. apoda to finish its life cycle.
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American Journal of Botany 97: 1156–1167Ito, Y., T. Ohi-Toma, A. V. Skriptsova, M. Sasagawa, Nr. Tanaka, and J. Murata (2014) Ruppia megacarpa (Ruppiaceae): a new species to the floras of Japan, Korea, and Russia. Botanica Pacofica 3: 49–52 hence, the species distribution exhibit latitudinally disjunct (antitropical) distribution between East Asia and Australasia.
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The level of water in the crater-lake changes by the seasons. In the dry season, the crater-lake maintains lower level which makes the area have wetland personalities. The organic materials flow down the slope around the wetland and gather the bottom of the crater which the wetland is located. The wetland displays the distinctive layer of floras.
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The Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (Print: , online: ) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of palaeontology published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the British Natural History Museum. , the editor-in-chief is Paul D. Taylor. The journal covers papers on new or poorly known faunas and floras and new approaches to systematics. It was established in 2003.
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Heather growing wild in the Highlands at Dornoch. In a similar sense to fauna, and for similar reasons, the flora is impoverished compared to that of continental Europe. Retrieved on 23 February 2009. The flora comprises 3,354 vascular plant species, of which 2,297 are native and 1,057 have been introduced.Frodin, Guide to Standard Floras of the World, 599.
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This shows that the wet, humid conditions were punctuated by dry seasons, in which the environment became more arid.Wang, Y., Zheng, S., Yang, X., Zhang, W., and Ni, Q. (2006). "The biodiversity and palaeoclimate of conifer floras from the Early Cretaceous deposits in western Liaoning, northeast China." International Symposium on Cretaceous Major Geological Events and Earth System, 56A.
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As an organist, Felipe was given the chance to hone his gift. Soon after he was composing songs. Among his early popular compositions were Moteti el Santesisimo, Sintos y Floras Rogodones, Amorita Danza, and Reina de Cavite (In honor of Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Porta Vaga). He impressed many music enthusiasts with the said pieces.
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Matthias de Lobel (1538–1616) published his Stirpium Adversaria Nova (1570–1571) and a massive compilation of illustrationsArber, pp. 90–92. while Clusius’s (1526–1609) magnum opus was Rariorum Plantarum Historia of 1601 which was a compilation of his Spanish and Hungarian floras and included over 600 plants that were new to science.Arber, pp. 84–88.
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Blake published many articles and monographs but only one two-volume work, Geographical Guide to Floras of the World. The first volume, co-authored by Alice C. Atwood (1876–1947), was published in 1942. The second volume, written by Blake alone, was published in 1961 two years after his death. He married the entomologist Doris M. Holmes in 1918.
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3–4 • pp. 53–118 Fossil †Ocotea heerii leaf impressions of Messinian age (ca. 5.7 Ma) have been uncovered in Monte Tondo, northern Apennines, Italy.Palaeoenvironmental analysis of the Messinian macrofossil floras of Tossignano and Monte Tondo (Vena del Gesso Basin, Romagna Apennines, northern Italy) - Vasilis Teodoridis, Zlatko Kvacek, Marco Sami and Edoardo Martinetto - December 2015 DOI: 10.14446/AMNP.2015.249.
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Grasses are one of the most abundant floras on all continents, except Antarctica. Their divergence is estimated to have taken place 200 million years ago. Humans have intentionally and unintentionally introduced these species to North America through travel and trade. On the North American plains, prairies, grasslands, and meadows at least 11% of grasses are non- native.
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Macrocarpaea pringleana Named to honour Dr. James Pringle, Plant Taxonomist at Canada's Royal Botanical Gardens in Hamilton and Burlington, Ontario. Dr. Pringle has contributed extensively over a very long and distinguished career to both the systematics of the Gentian family and to floras of South America. Published in Harvard Papers in Botany 9(1): 11-49.
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Roland W. Brown corrected the type locality to the older Republic area strata in a 1937 paper,Brown R. W., "Additions to some fossil floras of the Western United States", 1937. but occasional confusion as to the species' age still occurred: notably Daniel I. Axelrod in this 1966 paper on the Copper Basin flora of Nevada misidentified the age of S. hesperia as Oligocene. Working from specimens collected in the Republic, Washington area in the early 1980s, the species was redescribed in 1987 by Jack A. Wolfe and Wesley C. Wehr. Wolfe and Wehr noted S. hesperia to be one of the most common dicots in the Klondike Mountain Formation, that it occurs in the related Princeton and Joseph Creek floras, and in the Thunder Mountain flora of Idaho, of similar age.
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Commelina kotschyi is a monocotyledonous, herbaceous plant in the dayflower family from Africa and India. This annual, blue-flowered plant is found primarily in seasonally waterlogged soils at relatively high elevations. The species has been largely confused in floras, often being misinterpreted as Commelina imberbis. C. kotschyi is most closely related to Commelina lukei, with which it does not overlap in distribution.
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Nawabganj National Park (locally known as Panchabati Forest) () is IUCN Category IV national park and nature reserve in Bangladesh. The park is located about one kilometer northwest of Nawabganj Upazila Sadar under Dinajpur District. It consists of Jagannathpur, Harilakhur, Bara Jalalpur, Alokdhuti, Tarpanghat, Rasulpur and Khatkhatia Kristapur area of Nawabganj forest. The dominant floras of Nawabganj National Park are shorea robusta and teak.
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The actual elevation of the Florissant area during the Eocene is still being determined. While most of the analysis using paleoflora has the area at a higher elevation than modern times, there is evidence that the elevation was as low as the earlier estimates.Meyer, H. W. (2007). A Review of Paleotemperature-Lapse rate Methods for Estimating Paleoelevation from Fossil Floras.
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The Appalachian floras also include a diverse assemblage of bryophytes (mosses and liverworts), as well as fungi. Some species are rare and/or endemic. As with vascular plants, these tend to be closely related to the character of the soils and thermal environment in which they are found. Eastern deciduous forests are subject to a number of serious insect and disease outbreaks.
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Later, Linnaeus named the plant genus Gorteria after David de Gorter and his father, the physician Johannes de Gorter. In St Petersburg, de Gorter edited and published Stepan Krasheninnikov's last work, Flora Ingrica. He authored one of the first floras to use binomial nomenclature, Flora Belgica from 1767. On May 21, 1775 De Gorter married Mary Elizabeth Schultz, a friend of Betje Wolff.
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3111, pp. 257 - 258 Oblivious to continental drift (not a commonly accepted theory at the time), Heribert-Nilsson invokes tremendous tsunamis for the fact that many fossil floras, such as that of the London Clay, consist of species whose modern relatives live in tropical countries far removed from the site of deposition,G. Ledyard Stebbins, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Dec. 1955, pp.
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He was a renowned paleobotanist working on the floras of the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene. He was married to Ruth Kemmerer Dorf. They had three sons and a daughter: Thomas Alfred Dorf (1937-1958), Norman Kemmerer Dorf (1938-2007), Robert "Bob" Erling Dorf (1941- ) and Molly Dorf Purrington (1948 - ).Anonymous (1984) Dr. Erling Dorf, 78 Geologist Did Work on Petrified Forests.
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The area that a Flora covers can be either geographically or politically defined. Floras usually require some specialist botanical knowledge to use with any effectiveness. A Flora often contains diagnostic keys. Often these are dichotomous keys, which require the user to repeatedly examine a plant, and decide which one of two alternatives given in the Flora best applies to the plant.
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The other escort for the transports, ended up trapped near the Helder and had to surrender to the Dutch. The number of men saved on Archimedes and Grasshopper was reported as 114, most of whom would have been from Grasshopper. Three of the other transports lost were Flora, Centurion, and Rosina. Part of Floras crew, like that of Archimedes, was saved.
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In 1907 he joined Kew as Assistant Director under Sir David Prain, and started contributing to the floras of Africa and India. In 1922 he succeeded Prain as Director. With grants from the Empire Marketing Board, Hill was able to send botanists all over the world, himself visiting Australia, New Zealand, Malaya, Rhodesia, East Africa, India, Cyrenaica and the West Indies.
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A flora from Altdorf was published in 1615. His flora from Giessen, Cornucopiae Florae Giessensis and the Catalogus herbarum circa Giessam (both from 1623) are lost today. In addition to the two floras, he published the Hortus Eystettensis together with Basilius Besler in Nuremberg as early as 1613. Jungermann was already regarded by his contemporaries as "vir botanicorum nemini secundus".
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From 1923 to 1938, he was professor of botany at Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. He edited two voluminous colour plate floras – ”Billeder af Nordens Flora” and “Vilde Planter i Norden”. Mentz was chairman of the state advisory board on conservation (”Naturfredningsrådet”) 1925-1944. However, with his background in moor reclamation, he had a foot in both camps – utilitarianism and conservationism.
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She has also undertaken basic taxonomic research of the Asteracaeae, Krameriaceae, and Fabaceae, contributing to many Floras of North and South America. She is also considered an inspirational teacher of field- work to graduate students. Her partner is Jack Neff, an expert on bees native to the American Southwest and South America. Together they have two children, Jonathan and Meghan.
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Diamer District (); also called Diamir districtGuide to Standard Floras of the World: An Annotated, Geographically Arranged Systematic Bibliography of the Principal Floras, Enumerations, Checklists and Chorological Atlases of Different Areas 2, revised: David G. Frodin Published by Cambridge University Press, 2001, Page R79Islam, Women, and Violence in Kashmir: Between India and Pakistan: Nyla Ali Khan Published by Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, Page 9) is one of the districts of the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. It is the district through which the Karakoram Highway passes. Capital of the district is Chilas. Diamer District is bounded by Astore District in the east, by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the southwest (separated by the Babusar Pass or Babusar Top), Neelum District in the south, the Ghizer District in the north and northwest, and the Gilgit District in the north and northeast.
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The three floras are possibly tied to the Salmon and Cow Creek floras of Central Idaho, and also possibly with the John Day Formations Sheep rock flora in Oregon. The holotype for A. eonegundo is a part specimen numbered UCMP 9043, which at the time of description was preserved in the University of California Museum of Paleontology in Berkeley, California. The specimen was studied by paleobotanists Jack A. Wolfe of the United States Geological Survey, Denver office and Toshimasa Tanai of Hokkaido University, with Wolfe and Tanai publishing their 1987 type description for A. taurocursum in the Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. The etymology of the chosen specific name eonegundo is a combination of negundo for Acer section Negundo and "eo" for Eocene, alluding to the species being an Eocene member of the section.
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Plants of the World Online is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed- bearing plants by 2020". The initial focus was on tropical African Floras, particularly Flora Zambesiaca, Flora of West Tropical Africa and Flora of Tropical East Africa.
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Numerous encyclopaedic listings of cultivated plants have been compiled but only four substantial horticultural floras have ever been produced, these being for: North America; Europe; (5 volume set) (out of print) South-eastern Australia, (set) Hawaii and the tropics. There are several publications on trees which follow the format of botanical keys and descriptions for the trees of a specific region, notably for North America and California.
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More than 1,300 exotic plants have been reported in Madagascar, with the legumes (Fabaceae) the most frequent family. This represents around 10% relative to the native flora, a ratio lower than in many islands and closer to what is known for continental floras. Many exotic plant species have been introduced for agriculture or other uses. Around 600 species have naturalised and some are considered invasive.
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The undergrowth consists of Holly, Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and Bramble, with a rich ground flora. Scotchtown Island has a wet woodland flora, dominated by Alder and Weeping Willow (Salex spp). The original non-canalised Woodford River Channel on the boundary with Cloncoohy contains rich wetland floras. Annagh is traversed by Bridge Street, Daisy Hill, the N87 road (Ireland), the L1063 road and some demesne lanes.
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The father of her child had also died when the child was young so she practically raised him by herself. Floras' situation is a little different. She has to be strong in the aspect that her daughter is leaving to attend a nursing program, but Flora does not want her to do nursing. So she respects her daughter's decision and stays strong as she leaves.
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Its width is roughy between Ras Asir (Gardafuul) and Abd al Kari,The Biology of Island Floras - Page 198, Juli Caujapé-Castells - 2011 and roughly between Ras Asir and Socotra. Gardafuul, a province of the semi-autonomous region of Puntland, is named after it. In its narrower sense, Marinka Gardafuul, in English called the Guardafui Channel, refers to the strait between Puntland and Abd al Kuri.Schott, Friedrich, et al.
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Especially his collections of plants from Australia and Ecuador, which contained numerous holotypes, enriched the knowledge of the concerning floras. His monography on the Droseraceae from 1906 is still a standard. The majority of his collections were stored at the botanical garden in Berlin-Dahlem, whose vicedirector he had been since 1913, becoming its director in 1921 until 1945. His collections were destroyed there during an air raid in 1943.
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Windsor. Tree species and planting densities are studied over a range of sites at The Silvopastoral National Network Experiment. Natural England's Environmental Stewardship scheme defines Wood Pasture, in the Farm Environmental Plan booklet, as a structure of open grown or high-forest in a matrix of grazed-grassland, heathland, and/or woodland floras. Their experience shows sheep use the trees for shelter from wind. This could provide significant animal-welfare benefits.
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This is particularly useful for extinct seed plant groups whose systematic relationships remain speculative, as they can be classified as pteridosperms with no valid implications being made as to their systematic affinities. Also, from a purely curatorial perspective the term pteridosperms is a useful shorthand for describing the fern-like fronds that were probably produced by seed plants, which are commonly found in many Palaeozoic and Mesozoic fossil floras.
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In Li Xingxue, Zhou Zhiyan, Cai Chongyang, Sun Ge, Ouyang Shu & Deng Longhua (eds) Fossil floras of China through the geological ages. Guandong Science and Technology Press, Guandong, pp. 127-223.Glasspool, I. J., Hilton, J., Collinson, M. E., Wang Shijun & Li Chengsen. 2004. Foliar physiognomy in Cathaysian gigantopterids and the potential to track Palaeozoic climates using an extinct plant group. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 205, 69-110.
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Gustav Hegi (13 November 1876 in Rickenbach, Canton of Zürich - 23 April 1932 in Goldbach, Canton of Zürich) was a Swiss botanist. His name is particularly associated with editing the multi-volume work Illustrierte Flora von Mittel- Europa (Illustrated Flora of Central Europe), which is one of the most comprehensive floras in the World. It contains extensive morphological, ecological and phytogeographical of all plant species occurring in Central Europe.
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The Wairoa River falls over a basalt lava plug. Volcanic tuff rings and lava bombs are visible in the east wall of the waterfall.Auckland Unitary Plan Appendix 3.1: Schedule of Outstanding Natural Features 2013 Several herbs have been identified near the falls - water starwort (Callitriche petriei), Crassula hunua, water pennywort (Hydrocotyle microphylla), wood-sorrel (Oxalis magellanica).NZ Plant Conservation Network - Waterfall Floras of the North The Wairoa has smaller falls.
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Loupes are used by professional and amateur field biologists for help identifying species in field situations where a full-sized microscope is impractical, but the ability to observe small morphological characteristics is desired. Many floras and diagnostic keys for identifying plant or animal species recommend the use of a loupe, because taxa may be separated by minute details like the presence of hairs, shapes of hairs and glands.
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The global temperature was much warmer than it is today, based on paleoclimate models. The latitudinal temperature gradient between the equator and mid-latitudes of South America was similar to the gradient that exists today. Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the global greenhouse temperature. The high rainfall estimates and increased pCO2 would have maintained the rainforest floras during the Paleocene greenhouse.
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Drummond and other members prepared floras of Kingston, southwestern Ontario, and the Red River region in Manitoba. > “Botanical [research] of great value had been carried out by ladies in other > countries and all other departments of scientific knowledge had benefitted > from their exertions.” – Annals of the Botanical Society of Canada, p. 52 The Society had five categories of membership; Honorary Members, Fellows, Lady Members, Annual Subscribers, and Corresponding Members.
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Among his many books on the history of science were studies of scientists such as Galileo, William Herschel and Edmond Halley. He also wrote scientific books for children, along with books such as The Practical Astronomer (1981), written for beginner amateur astronomers. Ronan had an asteroid named in honour of his achievements: 4024 Ronan belongs to the Floras family, discovered by E. Bowell on 24 November 1981 at Anderson Mesa Station.
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Inscription "The lily of the valleys" from "Song of Solomon 2:1" on "Joyous Festivals 5713" stamp of Israel - 40 mil Verse 1 closes a poetic section providing a 'picture of the bed as a spreading growth', using a theme of nature's floras, starting from the previous chapter with verses 1:16–17 focusing on the subject of trees and verse 2:1 on the subject of flowers.
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Floras produced at a local or regional level rarely contain identification keys. Instead they aim to impart more detailed understanding of the local status and distribution of that area's plants. Maps showing species distribution may be included, and nowadays are computer- generated from biological databases. Specific reference may be made to new arrivals and historic records in order to impart understanding of the changes in an area's vegetation over time.
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They went to central and southwestern Oregon and covered an enormous area in the process. After his trip to central and southwestern Oregon, Cusick did little collecting for several years. During this time, he mulled over his theory that the Blue Mountains and the Wallowa Mountains were two distinct ranges with distinct floras. From 1906 through 1910, he collected extensively in those areas, gathering specimens to test his theory.
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Morici also works as a landscape designer. Some of his best known projects are the Central Park of Arona and the Palmetum of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. He participated in the palmetum as a botanist during the earliest years (1996–1999). He later designed new sections, such as the areas dedicated to the floras of New Caledonia, Hawaii and North America, and the gardens of the southern sea- facing slopes.
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After abandoning botany for a few years, he started collecting plants in 1869, when he made an expedition to collect fossils with Jacob Boll (1828-1880) in West Texas. With subsequent collections, he contributed to the production of noted floras by Asa Gray (1810–1888) and Charles Sprague Sargent (1841–1927) and the enrichment of many American collections. He taught botany at the end of his life in Dallas.
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By the end of the Cretaceous, angiosperms dominated tree floras in many areas, although some evidence suggests that biomass was still dominated by cycads and ferns until after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction. Some plant species had distributions that were markedly different from succeeding periods; for example, the Schizeales, a fern order, were skewed to the Northern Hemisphere in the Mesozoic, but are now better represented in the Southern Hemisphere.C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Fern. Encyclopedia of Earth.
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She was also an impressive field bryologist. Stone is credited with significantly increasing knowledge of mosses in Australia, especially those in Queensland. She was particularly expert in the genera Acaulon, Pleuridium, Eccremidium, Astomum and Nanobryum as well as the moss floras of Victoria and Queensland, the tropical mosses of Australia and those with permanent protonema. In addition, her work on the Australian Fissidens in collaboration with David Catcheside made significant improvements to its taxonomy.
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A horticultural flora, also known as a garden flora, is a plant identification aid structured in the same way as a native plants flora. It serves the same purpose: to facilitate plant identification; however, it only includes plants that are under cultivation as ornamental plants growing within the prescribed climate zone or region. Traditionally published in book form, often in several volumes, such floras are increasingly likely to be produced as websites or CD ROMs.
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He confirmed that the middle Tertiary "Sequoia" fossils he'd been studying were actually the extant Metasequoia. He returned with seeds from the species, which were distributed worldwide to botanical gardens. Chaney retired from the University of California in 1957, but remained with the institution. He was working with the Geological Survey of Japan and as a visiting professor with the National Taiwan University after his retirement, interested Tertiary floras of Japan and Taiwan.
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From 1951 onwards, Bowen was a long-serving member of the Botanical Society of the British Isles (BSBI). He was meetings secretary for a period and the official recorder of plants for the counties of Berkshire and Dorset, producing Floras for both counties. He retired to Winterborne Kingston in Dorset at the end of his life. He was also one of the leading contributors of botanical data for the Flora of Oxfordshire.
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AIBG has over 20,000 planting and approximately 50% of the plants are labelled. It features not only Australian native plants, but also those from New Zealand, African, European, Asian, North and South American floras. The garden includes preserved, mature mallee, including Eucalyptus dumosa, Eucalyptus oleosa, Eucalyptus socialis, Eucalyptus gracilis, and Eucalyptus viridis, some of which may be as much as 2500 years old. The rose garden has 1624 colour co-ordinated rose bushes.
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Stinging tree (Dendrocnide excelsa) The Apsley Macleay Gorges are a converging point for moister eastern coastal and dry western floras, and some 950 native plant species have been identified, of which 36 are rare or threatened. The rare plants found include: Grevillea obtusiflora, Acacia blakei (subsp. diphylla) (Wollomombi or gorge wattle) and Acacia ingramii which grows at Dangars Gorge. Some Australian red cedar trees may also be seen in the more remote locations.
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Early-Mid Jurassic (170 Ma) Vakhrameev (1991) recovered the abundant macroflora present in the formation, the richest of the Mediterranean Toarcian realm, with several characteristics, such as the abundant presence of thermophilic Bennettitales and Pachypteris, that grew on semi-arid climates.Vakhrameev, V. A. (1991). Jurassic and Cretaceous floras and climates of the Earth. Cambridge University Press. Most of the research of the flora was done by Pantic between 1952 & 1981, recovering abundant Macroflora and Palynomorphs.
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Argyrochosma incana is known from New Mexico and Arizona south through most of the states of Mexico to Guatemala, and also as a disjunct in the Dominican Republic. David Lellinger reports a specimen (Gómez 7156, CR) collected in Costa Rica, although this occurrence is not mentioned in other floras. In Mexico, it grows on rocky slopes, banks, and ledges, often shaded or in woods, especially pine-oak forests. It is found at an altitude from .
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CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume I, page 559. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, US. London, UK. (set). It refers to the considerable variation in reports of the usefulness of Clerodendrum in medicine, and also to the fact the trees were used for religious purposes in Asia. Regional revisions of Clerodendrum have been done for local floras, but the last monograph of the entire genus was by John Isaac Briquet in 1895.
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He has also written books on topics including landscape conservation, elms and silver foliage plants. Between 1995 and 2005 he compiled the five-volume Horticultural Flora of South-eastern Australia. He is the co-author of the book Sustainable Gardens and an international third edition of the booklet Plant Names.Science publications He has contributed to the Australian native floras of Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia, and was for several years chairman of the Australian Cultivar Registration Authority.
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Laurel forests are composed of vascular plants that evolved millions of years ago. Lauroid floras have included forests of Podocarpaceae and southern beech. This type of vegetation characterized parts of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana and once covered much of the tropics. Some lauroid species that are found outside laurel forests are relicts of vegetation that covered much of the mainland of Australia, Europe, South America, Antarctica, Africa, and North America when their climate was warmer and more humid.
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The Winton Formation plant assemblage marks the transition from gymnosperm to angiosperm dominance in the Australian floras. The Winton Formation flora is now known to contain over 50 macrofossil plant taxa. Significantly, this assemblage contains the youngest Australian fossils of equisetaleans, pentoxylaleans, and possibly bennettitaleans – all groups that appear to have succumbed to competition from the rapidly diversifying angiosperms of this time. One of the youngest records of Ginkgo leaves from Australia also comes from the Winton Formation.
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Livy claims that immediately after the victory, Maharbal urged Hannibal to push on at once with his cavalry upon Rome itself, promising him that if he did so, within five days he should sup in the Capitol. On the refusal of his commander to do so, Maharbal is said to have observed that Hannibal knew indeed how to gain victories, but not how to use them.Liv. xxii. 13, 46, 51; Appian, Annib. 20, 21; Floras, ii.
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Okitsu, S., Sawaguchi, S., Hasegawa, H., Kanda, H., 2004, Vegetation development on the glacier moraines in Oobloyah Valley, Ellesmere Island, high arctic Canada, National Institute of Polar Research, Polar Biosci., 17, 83-94 It is also suggested that part of the high proportions of polypoids occurring in arctic floras is the result of speciation as continental ice-sheets withdrew.Bennett, K.D., 1988, Post- glacial vegetation history: ecological considerations, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Handbook of Vegetation science, vol.7, pp.
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In Western Europe herbals flourished for two centuries following the introduction of moveable type (c. 1470–1670).See Arber, 1984 In the late 17th century, the rise of modern chemistry, toxicology and pharmacology reduced the medicinal value of the classical herbal. As reference manuals for botanical study and plant identification herbals were supplanted by Floras – systematic accounts of the plants found growing in a particular region, with scientifically accurate botanical descriptions, classification, and illustrations.Morton, pp. 115–164.
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In 1901 Robert Lloyd Praeger introduced a similar system for Ireland and its off-shore islands. Vice-counties are the "standard geographical area for county based [...] recording". They provide a stable basis for recording using similarly sized units, and, although National Grid-based reporting has grown in popularity, vice-counties remain a useful mapping boundary, employed in many regional surveys, especially county floras and national lists. This allows data collected over long periods of time to be compared easily.
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Metasequoia glyptostroboides (dawn redwoods) Today the arboretum contains more than 13,000 labelled plants of over 2,500 types, representing the temperate floras of North America, Asia, and Europe, with a primary focus on Asia. Significant collections include native azaleas, conifers, hollies, magnolia species, maples, roses, and witch hazels. The arboretum has identified 17 trees in its collection as outstanding specimens: Abies cephalonica, Abies holophylla, Acer buergerianum, Aesculus flava, Cedrus libani var. atlantica 'Glauca', Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Fagus engleriana, Fagus sylvatica f.
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While at the University of Alberta he developed his research program on evolutionary studies in Antennaria (Asteraceae). He has become a well-known authority on the genus Antennaria and its associated polyploidy and apomixis. He has contributed taxonomic revisions of this genus to a number of North American floras. In 1997, he emigrated to Canberra, Australia, where he became a senior principal research scientist with the CSIRO, Division of Plant Industry working at the Australian National Herbarium (CANB).
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Rusinga is rich in fossils, and Mary Leakey found the skull of Proconsul africanus on the island. The Miocene floras of Rusinga and Mfwanganu islands are subject to a long-term study by paleobotanists. There was an archaeological prospection carried out by the Tervuren Museum, Belgium, in 1968 (published 1971), on Buvuma and Bugaia islands at Munyama Cave, Tonge Cave, and Nakisito, plus another 47 sites. Pottery materials from 13,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C. were found.
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This has produced a number of spectacular gorges and waterfalls on or near the Apsley River in the Oxley Wild Rivers National Park. The Apsley Macleay Gorges are a converging point for moister eastern coastal and dry western floras, and some 950 native plant species have been identified, of which 36 are rare or threatened. The gorge wattle is a rare species that mainly grows in the Apsley-Macleay gorges. Epiphytic orchids may also be observed growing in trees.
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Hipólito Ruiz López Hipólito Ruiz López (August 8, 1754 in Belorado, Burgos, Spain – 1816 in Madrid), or Hipólito Ruiz, was a Spanish botanist known for researching the floras of Peru and Chile during an expedition under Carlos III from 1777 to 1788. During the reign of Carlos III, three major botanical expeditions were sent to the New World; Ruiz and José Antonio Pavón Jiménez were the botanists for the first of these expeditions, to Peru and Chile.
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They chose the generic name Dillhoffia to honor the brothers Richard M. Dillhoff and Thomas A. Dillhoff for their substantial contributions and promotion of Pacific Northwest North American Paleogene floras. The specific name is a reference to Cache Creek, British Columbia, the nearest town to the McAbee site. Dillhoffia is known from infructescences only. The infructescences are pedunculate having a globose head which bore at least twelve flowers and has been preserved as fossils with several sessile fruits.
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Mary Anna Day (1852–1924) was an American botanist and librarian at the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University from 1893 to 1924. She edited and compiled the Card Index of New Genera, Species, and Varieties of American Plants, a quarterly publication that was considered "indispensable" to botanists. By 1923, the publication contained about 170,000 cards. Her publications also include a "List of local floras of New England" and "Herbariums of New England" for the New England Botanical Club.
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The society publishes Castanea, a quarterly journal of botanical research. The first issue of the society's journal was issued as The Journal of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Club in 1936. Articles cover topics such as the systematics of eastern U.S. plants, rare and endangered plants, local floras, changes in species distributions, physiological ecology, and the ecological analysis of vegetation types. Larger studies are produced as part of an irregular series entitled Castanea, Occasional Papers in Eastern Botany.
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Dutch is chosen by a man and women who speak German, which turns out to be his native language. The town barber wants to take Sara, but Liverpool convinces Miss. Simms not to let her go, as she knows the man will "use" her like the people at Floras. Meanwhile, Bruce is taken in as a farmhand, and JP, who seems uninterested in looking for a family, talks to Mr. Carlin and helps him take more photographs.
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Christen Christensen Raunkiær (29 March 1860 – 11 March 1938) was a Danish botanist, who was a pioneer of plant ecology. He is mainly remembered for his scheme of plant strategies to survive an unfavourable season ("life forms") and his demonstration that the relative abundance of strategies in floras largely corresponded to the Earth's climatic zones. This scheme, the Raunkiær system, is still widely used today and may be seen as a precursor of modern plant strategy schemes, e.g. J. Philip Grime's CSR system.
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Raunkiær devised a system for categorising plants by life-form as a way of ecologically meaningful comparison of species and vegetation in regions having different floras. Raunkiær compared statistically local life form spectra (relative abundance) with the world average, which he called "the normal spectrum" (Raunkiær 1918 – see below). Thereby, he devised the first null model in the history of ecology. Raunkiær was a keen naturalist, who described the flora and funga of Denmark, the Virgin Islands, Tunisia, and other countries.
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Leena Hämet-Ahti (née Hämet, b. 3 January 1931, Kuusamo) is a Finnish botanist, plant taxonomist, and plant collector noted for being Associate Professor of Botany at the University of Helsinki, and later the Director of the university's Botanical Garden. She primarily studies alpine plants of Finland and similar northern hemisphere climates. Her PhD thesis, defended in 1963, was on mountain birch forests.. She participated in the production of the seminal Finnish floras Retkeilykasvio (1984, 1998) and Suomen puu- ja pensaskasvio (1992).
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There are currently 7 distinct species of Brugmansia recognized, and they are very similar to their close relative Datura. For this reason the two genera were commonly mistaken for one another. “It was not until the discovery of the New World that Brugmansias appeared in the documented floras and later in gardens of the Old World. Initially Brugmansias were grouped with Daturas by the famous botanist Carl Linné, who documented them in 1753 from a drawing and not from live plant material.
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His first botanical book was published in 1891; it sold well, being released in nine revised editions before Hoffstad's decease during the Second World War. He also wrote floras intended for use in schools, the most prominent of which was published in six editions. In the 1890s Hoffstad travelled widely, searching for new plant species hitherto undiscovered. In the conservative middle-class city of Sandefjord, Hoffstad engaged himself politically: in 1894 he was elected chairman of a local conservative youth league.
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The Budoš Limestone ("Budos Mountain Limestone") is a geological formation in Montenegro, dating to 179 million years ago, and covering the middle Toarcian stage of the Jurassic Period. It has been considered an important setting in Balkan paleontology, as it represents a terrestrial setting, with abundant plant material.PANTIC, N., GRus1c, A. & SLA01c-TR1FuNov1c, M., 1983: The importance of Mesozoic floras and faunas from intraoceanic carbonate platforms for the interpretation of paleogeographic and geodynamic events in the Tethys. - Boll. Soc. Pal.
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The leaf margins are serrate with two to three orders of teeth present. Unlike N. dunthornei the leaves of N. alabamensis are in general more elongate with finer teeth and secondary veins which are more alternate. N. dunthornei differs from both modern genera in the leaves having an overall thicker midrib. The presence of Neviusia in the Eocene Okanogan Highlands floras suggests the tribe Kerrieae originated in Asia and radiated to North America but did not become a major floristic component.
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Despite its small range, the Ecuadorian hillstar comprises two subspecies. This remarkable case of geographic differentiation has caught the attention of many prominent biologists, among which was Alfred Russel Wallace. In Island Life, Wallace wrote that the ranges of these subspecies were among the most wonderful cases of restricted ranges of any bird.Wallace AR. (1911) Island life : or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates [Internet].
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Chandler's finances were dependent on a small grant from the British Museum that was awarded annually. Chandler was recognised internationally as she extended the work she and Reid had done as partners to other aspects of the Eocene and Oligocene periods. Chandler's own research described the historic plants of Dorset and Bournemouth and she created a supplement to the London Flora which ran to hundreds of pages. A noted publication of hers was The Lower Tertiary Floras of Southern England which she published in 1961.
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Broadleaf evergreen and pine forests occupied an extent similar to their current one, primarily in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Mesophytic and bottomland forest communities continued to occupy the major river drainages of the region. Although the major modern community types were flourishing in the Southeast by 10,000 years BP, and the climate was similar to that today, the understory flora had not yet come to resemble modern herbaceous floras. Mixed hardwood forests dominated the majority of the upper Coastal Plains, Piedmont, and lower mountain regions.
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Kumeyaay Indians also foraged for flora that they can use and hunt for animals depending on the season. Besides hunting for food, the Kumeyaay also planted trees and fields of grain, squash, beans and corn gathered and grew medicinal herbs and plants, and ate floras like fresh fruits, berries, pine nuts and acorn .They are also known for their basket weaving. The people had sophisticated practices of agriculture, plant and animal husbandry; maintained wild animal stocks, They also built dams and created watersheds that stored groundwater.
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View from Mount Mitchell. At , Mount Mitchell in North Carolina is the highest peak east of the Mississippi River The floras of the Appalachians are diverse and vary primarily in response to geology, latitude, elevation and moisture availability. Geobotanically, they constitute a floristic province of the North American Atlantic Region. The Appalachians consist primarily of deciduous broad-leaf trees and evergreen needle-leaf conifers, but also contain the evergreen broad-leaf American holly ('), and the deciduous needle-leaf conifer, the tamarack, or eastern larch (').
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The loch was designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1984 owing to its aquatic flora and fauna and rich reedbed and fen vegetation. It has one of the finest submerged floras in the area with 8 species of pondweeds. There is a high diversity of leeches and pond snails and modest numbers of passage and wintering wildfowl including wigeon, goosander and whooper swans. It provides a valuable habitat for waterfowl and other birds, with Osprey regularly seen plucking fish from the water.
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About long, it passes between the lake and the foredune on the west. The beach west of the foredune is part of a stretch of sand between Bandon and Cape Blanco named part of the Oregon Coast Trail by the Oregon Department of Parks and Recreation. Canoers and kayakers can launch at Floras Lake and float down the outlet and down New River to a takeout at the ACEC's Storm Ranch, a trip of about , or an ACEC takeout at Lower Fourmile Road, a mile further downstream.
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The Flora of Fuegia, the Falkland Islands, etc. is a description of the plants discovered in these islands during the Ross expedition written by Joseph Dalton Hooker and published by Reeve Brothers in London between 1845 and 1847. Hooker sailed on HMS Erebus as assistant surgeon. It was the second in a series of four Floras in the Flora Antarctica, the others being the Flora of Lord Auckland and Campbell's Islands (1843-1845), the Flora Novae-Zelandiae (1851–53), and the Flora Tasmaniae (1853–59).
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A. eonegundo is represented by a solitary fossil specimen from the northeastern part of Nevada. The specimen was recovered from an outcrop of the "Bull Run" flora, University of California Museum of Paleontology location P562, which preserves lacustrine sedimentation associated with extensive intermittent volcanism between . Radiometric dating of volcanic ash layers above and below the flora reported in 1966 indicated an age of approximately . The Bull Run, Copper Basin, and Elko floras were formed during the same time frame as a result of the volcanic activity.
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Alexander von Humboldt 1769–1859 painted by Joseph Stieler in 1843 The opening of the 19th century was marked by an increase in interest in the connection between climate and plant distribution. Carl Willdenow (1765–1812) examined the connection between seed dispersal and distribution, the nature of plant associations and the impact of geological history. He noticed the similarities between the floras of N America and N Asia, the Cape and Australia, and he explored the ideas of "centre of diversity" and "centre of origin". German Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) and Frenchman Aime Bonpland (1773–1858) published a massive and highly influential 30 volume work on their travels; Robert Brown (1773–1852) noted the similarities between the floras of S Africa, Australia and India, while Joakim Schouw (1789–1852) explored more deeply than anyone else the influence on plant distribution of temperature, soil factors, especially soil water, and light, work that was continued by Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893). Joseph Hooker (1817–1911) pushed the boundaries of floristic studies with his work on Antarctica, India and the Middle East with special attention to endemism.
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She was a regular contributor to records of Surrey flora.Surrey Botanical Society: Surrey Floras She travelled across the British Isles on plant-hunting expeditions in groups which she sometimes led. On a trip to Scotland with Gertrude Bacon, they discovered Carex microglochin, never before found growing in the UK. Some of her plant specimens are now in the J. E. Lousley herbarium at Reading University, and others at Oxford University and Kew Gardens. The Natural History Museum, London has 48 watercolours of orchids by Davy in their collection.
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She is also represented in several of the popular papers and books by Danish-Canadian botanist Erling Porsild, including Edible plants of the Arctic (1953), Illustrated Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (1957), and Rocky Mountain wild flowers (1974). She also illustrated Føroya Flora (1936) by Rasmus Rasmussen, Svalbards flora (1979) by Olaf I. Rønning, Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories (1968) by Eric Hultén and some Icelandic floras by Áskell Löve.Glenny Alfsen. Dagny Tande Lid – utdypning (Norsk biografisk leksikon) In 1936, she married Norwegian conservationist, botanist, ethnologist and author Johannes Lid (1886–1971).
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Flórula Vascular da Mata da Bufarda Abílio Fernandes (19 October 1906 Guarda, Portugal - 16 October 1994 Coimbra), was a Portuguese botanist and taxonomist from the Botanical Institute at the University of Coimbra who was married to Rosette Mercedes Saraiva Batarda (1916–2005), another Portuguese botanist and taxonomist. Fernandes was a student of Aurélio Quintanilha (1892–1987), botanist and geneticist. left He is noted for his work on Amaryllidaceae, and compiling floras of Portugal, Macaronesia and Tropical Africa. He was the son of José Fernandes (1880-) and Maria Augusta Fernandes (1880-).
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Imshaug Peninsula () is a broad, snow-covered peninsula at the south side of Lehrke Inlet on the east coast of Palmer Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey in 1974, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Henry A. Imshaug, a United States Antarctic Research Program biologist working in a long-range biosystematic study of subantarctic floras with research at the Juan Fernández Islands, 1965–66; the Falkland Islands, 1967–68; the Chilean Archipelago, 1969; Campbell Island, 1969–70; and the Kerguelen Islands, 1970–71.
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Stephen McLoughlin is a palaeobotanist with the Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History who has carried out research on the fossil floras of the Winton Formation since the mid-1990s. In recent years he has studied bennettitalean, conifer and horsetail fossils from Belmont Station held in the AAOD Museum collection. The significance of the Winton Formation fossil flora is that it represents the youngest major assemblage of plant fossils from the Cretaceous of Australia. Stratigraphically, the next major plant assemblage on the continent is from the late Paleocene – some 35 million years later.
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Moreover, it has been shown that very similar types of stem could bear a variety of different types of frond. There is a distinctive type of stem found in Late Pennsylvanian preserved floras, however, that is referred to as Medullosa endocentrica and has consistently slender stems and (uniquely for medullosaleans) axillary branching, and has been interpreted as a climbing plant. Another distinctive type of stem in which the vascular segments are of two different sizes in transverse section (fossil genus Sutcliffia) has been linked with the parispermacean fronds.
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Phytogeography (from Greek φυτόν, phytón = "plant" and γεωγραφία, geographía = "geography" meaning also distribution) or botanical geography is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth's surface. Phytogeography is concerned with all aspects of plant distribution, from the controls on the distribution of individual species ranges (at both large and small scales, see species distribution) to the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras. Geobotany, by contrast, focuses on the geographic space's influence on plants.
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The title page of Volume 1 of Flora Australensis Flora Australiensis: a description of the plants of the Australian Territory, more commonly referred to as Flora Australiensis, and also known by its standard abbreviation Fl. Austral., is a seven-volume flora of Australia published between 1863 and 1878 by George Bentham, with the assistance of Ferdinand von Mueller. It was one of the famous Kew series of colonial floras, and the first flora of any large continental area that had ever been finished. In total the flora included descriptions of 8125 species.
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He published several papers on geomorphology, which is in the field, one of their first looks. The versatility of curious Octávio Barbosa is that, from 1952 to 1958, he published some work on paleobotany, setting the age of Gondwana floras and weaving observations (in 1957) on theParatoxopitys Americana, a fossil wood of Irati Formation. Had the opportunity to spend some time on his passion: the diamonds. Since 1938, when he studied the diamond "Minas Gerais", by Coromandel, it remained latent interest to academics, studying, still in Prospec, diamonds in western Minas Gerais.
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The invertebrate fauna consisted of ants, bees, beetles, earwigs, caddisflies, crane flies, damselflies, lantern flies, mayflies, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, mosquitoes, snails, and wasps. Contemporary vertebrate fossils included feathers and, once in a while, a bird. Among the Oligocene flora of Montana were ailanthus, ash, beech, cattails, cedar, cinquefoil, dogwood, elm, ferns, milfoil fernbush, gooseberry, climbing grapes, grasses, greenbriers, horsetails, ironwood, katsura tree, liverwort, mountain mahogany, maple, false mermaid, mosses, oak, pennycress, pondweed, dawn redwood, roses, sedges, smoke tree, snowberry, spiraea, false strawberry, and vetches. Similar floras are known from the Florissant of Colorado and Oregon.
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These details allowed a non scientific audience to go some way in identifying the species, the widening interest in natural history and horticulture was an inducement to the production of many Floras and regular publications. Many books and publication continued to use the illustrators, even after printed matter began to incorporate photography. It would be many years before the colour printing would equal the illustrators plates. The accuracy and craft of the illustrators had developed in tandem with the botanists concerned, the work came to be accepted as important to the botanists and their institutions.
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As Flora approached, the cutter edged away, while the square- rigged vessel waited, accepted battle. ;Action When the two ships were within two cables length the French ship raised her colours and opened fire. Moving in, for over an hour the two frigates battered each other relentlessly; Flora being much cut up, moved closer in which the carronades were able to sweep the decks of the French ship with grapeshot. After another 15 minutes the French abandoned their guns and attempted to board, but Floras crew repulsed the attempt.
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The Germia massif is the most important biodiversity area of Prishtina. It has 610 types of vascular floras classified in 82 families, 5 of which are endemic and twelve are medical species. There is also a large number of extinct plants such as bushy bedstraw (Galium mateii) and northern holly fern (Polystichum lonchitis), as well as some endangered plants like Macedonian oak (Quercus trojana), Illyrian buttercup (Ranunculus illyricus), lady orchid (Orchis purpurea) etc. 83 types of mushrooms were identified including porcini (Boletus edulis), chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius), Caesar's mushroom (Amanita cesarea) etc.
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The only endemic plant lineage on Madagascar old enough to be a possible Gondwana relict appears to be Takhtajania perrieri (Winteraceae). Most extant plant groups have African affinities, consistent with the relatively small distance to the continent, and there are also strong similarities with the Indian Ocean islands of the Comoros, Mascarenes, and Seychelles. There are however also links to other, more distant floras, such as those of India and Malesia. After their separation from Africa, Madagascar and India moved northwards, to a position south of 30° latitude.
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Vainio described about 1700 taxa, circumscribed several new genera, and emended several existing ones. He published 102 scientific works in his career, comprising a total of about 5500 pages. Most of his work dealt with lichens, although he occasionally published about other related topics. Examples include a discussion of Salix hybrids, a listing of phanerogams in Finnish Lapland, a list of the vascular cryptogams and mosses from the area of the Konda river in Western Siberia, and the plant and cryptogam floras of Tavastehus and the northern Finland and Russian Karelia border area.
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Elizabeth Blackwell 1679 hand coloured print by Maria Sibylla Merian of a dandelion as plant host to the pale tussock moth Dandelions are thought to have evolved about 30 million years ago in Eurasia. Fossil seeds of Taraxacum tanaiticum have been recorded from the Pliocene of southern Russia.The Pliocene flora of Kholmech, southeastern Belarus and its correlation with other Pliocene floras of Europe by Felix Yu. VELICHKEVICH and Ewa ZASTAWNIAK - Acta Palaeobot. 43(2): 137–259, 2003 Dandelions have been used by humans for food and as an herb for much of recorded history.
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In the mid-19th century, John Phillips suggested three great systems: Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Caenozoic. Writing after Sepkoski, Brenchley and Harper suggested that there were two early evolutionary faunas before the three of Sepkoski: Ediacaran and Tomottian. They also point out similarities with four "evolutionary terrestrial plant floras": Early Vascular, Pteridophytes, Gymnospores, Angiospores; and three "evolutionary terrestrial tetrapod faunas": "Megadynasty I (Carboniferous- early Permian)" "primitive amphibians and reptiles, most notably ... Dimetrodon", "Megadynasty II (early Permian-mid-Triassic)" "mammal-like therapsids", and "Megadynasty III (late Triassic-Cretaceous)" "included the age of the dinosaurs".
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Eleanor Mary Reid was awarded the Lyell Medal in 1936, for her accomplishments in the findings of new geological information and innovative techniques. Reid gratefully received the Murchison Fund in 1919, she published her monograph on Pliocene floras in 1920, only a year later being accepted as a Fellow to the Geological Society of London. Reid was accepted as a well known, knowledgeable geologist and became acquainted with many other geologists who recognized for their work within the society who would later be split into smaller groups, separated according to specific interest.
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The climatic optimum and low topological relief resulted in a paleoclimate that was temperate and humid, experiencing cool to cold winters and warm dry summers. Leaves from the Mascall formation were examined by Ralph Chaney and Daniel Axelrod in their 1959 Miocene floras of the Columbia Plateau. They suggested the Acer fossils were from three distinct species Acer bendirei, Acer bolanderi, and Acer glabroides. The Acer fossils were re-studied by paleobotanists Jack A. Wolfe of the United States Geological Survey, Denver office and Toshimasa Tanai of Hokkaido University.
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It is somewhat adapted to fire as well and so can prevent the reintroduction of fire to the landscape. Fireweed is well adapted to seed in severely burned areas as well, because the mineral soil that is exposed due to the removal of organic soil layers provides a good seedbed. In Britain the plant was considered a rare species in the 18th century,Flora Britannica, Richard Mabey, and one confined to a few locations with damp, gravelly soils. It was misidentified as great hairy willowherb in contemporary floras.
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The park reserves examples of warm temperate rainforest, particularly the jungle of Mount Drummer. Compared to the tropical rainforests of Queensland and New South Wales, this is a floristically depauperate forest, representing as it does the southern limit of this flora. This region is biogeographically interesting as the meeting point between the subtropical flora of the north of Australia and the cool temperate and arid zone floras of the south and west. The rainforest community consists of a closed canopy of Lilly Pilly Acmena smithii with numerous lianas, ferns and epiphytes.
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Magnoliophyta 1 – Magnoliales to Fabales, Friðgeir Grímsson, Barbara Meller, Johannes M. Bouchal & Reinhard Zetter, Grana 2015, Vol 54, No. 2,85-128. Distylium macrofossils of the Lower and Middle Miocene, are known from the lignite mines of the Kaltennortheim Formation in the Rhön Mountains, cental Germany, where it is associated with typical elements of the Mastixioid floras that attest to an optimal warm humid phase of the Miocene.The floral change in the tertiary of the Rhön mountains (Germany) by Dieter Hans Mai - Acta Paleobotanica 47(1): 135-143, 2007.
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The Flora Novae-Zelandiae is a description of the plants discovered in New Zealand during the Ross expedition written by Joseph Dalton Hooker and published by Reeve Brothers in London between 1853 and 1855. Hooker sailed on HMS Erebus as assistant surgeon. It was the third in a series of four Floras in the Flora Antarctica, the others being the Flora of Lord Auckland and Campbell's Islands (1843–45), the Flora of Fuegia, the Falkland Islands, etc (1845–47), and the Flora Tasmaniae (1853–59). They were "splendidly" illustrated by Walter Hood Fitch.
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The Flora of Lord Auckland and Campbell's Islands is a description of the plants discovered in those islands during the Ross expedition written by Joseph Dalton Hooker and published by Reeve Brothers in London between 1843 and 1845. Hooker sailed on HMS Erebus as assistant surgeon. It was the first in a series of four Floras in the Flora Antarctica, the others being the Flora of Fuegia, the Falklands, Kerguellen's land, etc (1845–1847), the Flora Novae- Zelandiae (1851–53), and the Flora Tasmaniae (1853–59). They were "splendidly" illustrated by Walter Hood Fitch.
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The Flora Europaea is a 5-volume encyclopedia of plants, published between 1964 and 1993 by Cambridge University Press. The aim was to describe all the national Floras of Europe in a single, authoritative publication to help readers identify any wild or widely cultivated plant in Europe to the subspecies level. It also provides information on geographical distribution, habitat preference, and chromosome number, where known. The Flora was released in CD form in 2001, and the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh have made an index to the plant names available online.
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Muilla maritima is a species of flowering plant known by the common names sea muilla and common muilla. It is native to California and Baja California, where it grows in many types of habitats from the coast to the Mojave Desert and Sierra Nevada foothills and other inland mountains, in grassland, woodland, desert, and forest floras. It is a perennial plant growing from a corm and producing an erect flowering stem up to half a meter tall. The onion- like leaves at the base of the stem may be 60 centimeters long.
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Due to the geographical location of Mexico, the middle part of the country runs through the Tropic of Cancer; as such, it is located in an area of contact between boreal and tropical floras. Because of its shape, climate, topography, geology and soil, it contains a great floristic diversity and a diversity in types of vegetation. The diversity of these ecological factors explains why in Mexico there are nearly all of the plant formations observed worldwide. The diversity of plant communities is not only due to ecological characteristics, but also from historical and evolutionary aspects.
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Parker Method also called the loop method for analyzing vegetation, useful for quantitatively measuring species and cover over time and changes from grazing, wildfires and invasive species. Demonstrated by American botanist Thayne Tuason and an assistant. Plant ecology is the science of the functional relationships between plants and their habitats – the environments where they complete their life cycles. Plant ecologists study the composition of local and regional floras, their biodiversity, genetic diversity and fitness, the adaptation of plants to their environment, and their competitive or mutualistic interactions with other species.
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The Reason Why. Reprinted by Penguin Books In the British House of Commons he attracted Lord Palmerston's attention by his abilities, and in 1855 was made Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, a post which he held for two years. At the colonial office he had great influence in furthering the cause of natural science, particularly in connection with equipment of the Palliser Expedition in Canada (for his efforts, the Ball Range in the Canadian Rockies was named after him), and with William Jackson Hooker's efforts to obtain a systematic knowledge of the colonial floras.
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Acer hillsi is known from a single specimen which was recovered from the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture location UWBM A0307, an outcrop of the early Eocene, Ypresian Klondike Mountain Formation in Republic. The UWBM A0307 site is known as the "Corner lot" locality. The section Stewarta is known only from A. hillsi and the related species A. stewarti described from the Ypresian Allenby Formation exposed near Princeton, British Columbia. Both the Allenby and Klondike Mountain Formations preserve upland temperate floras which were first interpreted as being microthermal, however further study has shown them to be more mesothermal in nature.
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Following a brief period as a commercial artist in Cincinnati, Flora was hired at $55 a week by Columbia Records in 1942, at which time the Floras moved to Westport, Connecticut, since Columbia was then based in Bridgeport. (In 1945, the couple relocated to Rowayton, Connecticut, where they lived the remainder of their lives. They had five children.) Beginning work in the art department under Alex Steinweiss, inventor of the illustrated album cover, Flora illustrated ads, new release bulletins, and retail and trade literature. In 1943, when Steinweiss entered the navy, Flora was promoted to Art Director.
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The American entomologist Philip P. Calvert documented examples of the geographical distribution of insects that contradicted the hypothesis in a paper in 1923.Philip P. Calvert. (1923). The Geographical Distribution of Insects and the Age and Area Hypothesis of Dr. J. C. Willis. The American Naturalist, Vol. 57, No. 650. pp. 218–229. On the subject in 1924, Berry wrote: In 1924, the American botanist Merritt Lyndon Fernald wrote that studies on floras of the northern hemisphere do not support the Age and Area hypothesis.Merritt Lyndon Fernald. (1924). Isolation and Endemism in Northeastern America and Their Relation to the Age-and-Area.
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Landscape Ecology investigates plants and the environment. BRIT botanists are engaged in floristic and systematic research and have detailed taxonomic expertise in a number of families. BRIT staff and research associates are currently involved in a number of floristic inventories and summaries in Texas and the southeastern United States, as well as the larger North American region, and also internationally. A secondary component of the Floras program includes activity by BRIT's research associates, some of whom work on contracts for professional services to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The Nature Conservancy, and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.
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Throughout his career, Chaney was the first paleobotanist to develop in detail the use of morphological characters of fossil leaves to deduce ecological information of the era. He was also the first to use quantitative study of fossil floras in an attempt to arrive at a precise estimate of species dominance in vegetation, understanding that species in a given ecosystem evolve cooperatively. He was also active in issues of species conservation. A member of the Save the Redwoods League since the late 1920s, he became president of the organization from 1961 until his death in 1971.
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The attic in her home in Milford-on-Sea became Reid's laboratory and the base from which she worked. After earning money from the Geological Society's Murchison fund in 1919Geological Society, Retrieved 6 October 2015 she published her monograph on Pliocene floras in 1920. She was one of four women who became fellows of the Geological Society that year and she established a new lifelong scientific partnership and friendship with Marjorie Chandler who had obtained a first class degree in the natural sciences at Cambridge University the year before. Chandler acted as Reid's assistant for the next 40 years.
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Scott was educated at Cannon Lane Primary School, (Pinner); St. Martins School, Northwood; Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood; and the University of London, where he obtained a B.Sc. (Bedford College) and a Ph.D. (Birkbeck College) studying under William Gilbert Chaloner. His thesis concerned the palaeoecology of Carboniferous Coal Measure plants. After a 2-year post-doctoral fellowship at Trinity College, Dublin, he returned to England to take up a lectureship in Geology at Chelsea College, University of London. During this period, his research concentrated on the Lower Carboniferous floras of Scotland including those from the Pettycur Volcanics and the East Kirkton Quarry.
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The Flora Tasmaniae is a description of the plants discovered in Tasmania during the Ross expedition written by Joseph Dalton Hooker and published by Reeve Brothers in London between 1855 and 1860. Hooker sailed on HMS Erebus as assistant surgeon. Written in two volumes, it was the last in a series of four Floras in the Flora Antarctica, the others being the Flora of Lord Auckland and Campbell's Islands (1843–45), the Flora of Fuegia, the Falkland Islands, etc (1845-47), and the Flora Novae-Zelandiae (1851–53). They were "splendidly" illustrated by Walter Hood Fitch.
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2004: David John Mabberley for his work with the tropical genera Chisocheton (Meliaceae) and Grewia, on pachycaul trees and his authorship of several important books. 2005: Joint award to Jerzy Rzedowski and Graciela Calderón de Rzedowski for both their individual and joint contributions to tropical botany, especially of Mexico, including their regional floras and work on the genus Bursera (Burseraceae). 2006: Sherwin Carlquist, a wood anatomist especially of tropical angiosperm families who also worked on evolution of plants on islands. 2007: No award 2008: Mireya Correa, Director of the Herbarium of the University of Panama, for work on plant systematics, especially the flora of Panama, an educator and administrator.
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Fossil seeds of †Lycopus antiquus are known from the Middle Miocene strata of southern Russia, from the Miocene of Lower Lusatia, Germany and from the Late Miocene strata of western Siberia and Ukraine. Lycopus antiquus has possibly been applied to more than one extinct species which were widely distributed in Europe and Siberia from the Miocene to the Pliocene. Extant Lycopus species whose fruits most resemble L. antiquus, are the East Asian Lycopus lucidus and the Eurasian Lycopus exaltatus.The Pliocene flora of Kholmech, south-eastern Belarus and its correlation with other Pliocene floras of Europe by Felix Yu. VELICHKEVICH and Ewa ZASTAWNIAK - Acta Palaeobot.
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The native flora of the United States includes about 17,000 species of vascular plants, plus tens of thousands of additional species of other plants and plant-like organisms such as algae, lichens and other fungi, and mosses. About 3,800 additional non-native species of vascular plants are recorded as established outside of cultivation in the U.S., as well as a much smaller number of non-native non-vascular plants and plant relatives. The United States possesses one of the most diverse temperate floras in the world, comparable only to that of China. Several biogeographic factors contribute to the richness and diversity of the U.S. flora.
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The faunas and floras of the Early Jurassic were similar worldwide, with conifers adapted for hot weather becoming the common plants; basal sauropodomorphs and theropods were the main constituents of a worldwide dinosaur fauna. The environment of early Jurassic southern Africa has been described as a desert. African Massospondylus was a contemporary of temnospondyli; turtles; a sphenodontia; rauisuchids; early crocodylomorphs; tritylodontid and trithelodontid therapsids; morganucodontid mammals; and dinosaurs including the small theropod Coelophysis rhodesiensis and several genera of early ornithischians, such as Lesothosaurus and the heterodontosaurids Abrictosaurus, Heterodontosaurus, Lycorhinus and Pegomastax. Until recently, Massospondylus was regarded as the only known sauropodomorph from the Upper Elliot Formation.
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Antonelli suggests that Goethe would have disapproved of having the barrier of mathematics between the observer and the observed. Karl Niklas, reviewing the book in The Quarterly Review of Biology, writes that the book, intended for many different audiences, is "unequally successful" in reaching them. Niklas suggests that those who wonder about how graphic artists create "the magnificent cyber-floras that sway and grow so realistically in the movies", and those who admire plant symmetry will enjoy the book. He is more skeptical about its claim to serious science as the book "fails to educate its readers" about the challenge of understanding plant form in terms of developmental biology.
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Carolus Adrianus Johannes "Karel" Kreutz (born 1954) is a Dutch orchidologist, botanical writer and taxonomist, currently affiliated with the Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis in Leiden, Netherlands. He is regarded as an exceptionally experienced orchidologist, and has published orchid floras of Cyprus, Turkey, Rhodes, Crimea, Netherlands, Belgium and Germany, and is currently preparing a major overview in ten volumes of all Orchid taxa in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, employing modern taxonomy, nomenclature and research techniques. Kreutz has published over 200 scientific papers, and is the scientific authority for over four hundred plant taxa, predominantly in the Orchidaceae, but also in the genus Orobanche.
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Franklyn Hugh Perring PhD, OBE (1 August 1927 – 11 October 2003) was a British naturalist, regarded as "one of the most influential botanists and nature conservationists of the 20th century". Perring authored or co-edited over a dozen floras, conservation articles and wild flower guides, but is best known as joint editor of the Atlas of the British Flora. This was a landmark publication, produced for the Botanical Society of the British Isles (BSBI) in 1962, and which laid the groundwork for future national and local biological recording schemes across Britain. Perring was head of the national Biological Records Centre based at Monks Wood from 1964 to 1978.
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A birch tree in early spring The mission of the Arnold Arboretum is to increase knowledge of the evolution and biology of woody plants. Historically, this research has investigated the global distribution and evolutionary history of trees, shrubs and vines, with particular emphasis on the disjunct species of East Asia and North America. Today this work continues through molecular studies of the evolution and bio-geography of the floras of temperate Asia, North America and Europe. Research activities include molecular studies of gene evolution, investigations of plant-water relations, and the monitoring of plant phenology, vegetation succession, nutrient cycling and other factors that inform studies of environmental change.
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The major chainstores are Papasotiriou, Eleftheroudakis, Ianos, Protoporia, Kosmos-Floras, Leader Books, Hellenic Distribution Agency / Newsstand, Fnac, Public. The Greek Federation of Publishers and Booksellers is member of the International Publishers Association (IPA), the Federation of European Publishers (FEP) and the European Booksellers Federation (EBF). The main book fair in the country is the International Thessaloniki Book Fair, held every year in April or May and open to the public. It is organised by the NationalBook Centre of Greece in cooperation with HELEXPO S.A., the Hellenic Federation of Publishers and Booksellers, and the city of Thessaloniki, and has the Greek ministry of culture as its patron.
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Fossils of Sequoiadendron chaneyi have been described from the Middle Miocene floras found in the area of Middlegate Basin in Churchill County, Nevada. The area of the Middlegate basin is preserved as the Middlegate and Eastgate Formations, which grew along the shores of an ancient lake. While S. chaneyi is found in both formations, it is much rarer in the Middlegate formation, which was a south-facing scrubland- type ecosystem, being represented by only a few twiglets with foliage. In contrast, S. chaneyi is abundant in the Eastgate formation, which was a north- facing forested setting of hills and valleys, being represented by abundant foliage and several cones.
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James Alexander Brewer (25 February 1818 – 10 January 1886) was a naturalist, plant-collector, botanist, a writer of local floras, a beetle-collector, and a postmaster in the British Post Office. He was a member of the Botanical Society of London, and the first honorary secretary of the 'Holmesdale Natural History Club' in Reigate, in the Vale of Homesdale. In 1856 he published a New flora of the neighborhood of Reigate, Surrey, and in 1861 he was asked by the 'Holmesdale Natural History Club' to edit the manuscript of John Drew Salmons on the Flora of Surrey. He collected plants and insects in Great Britain and Australia.
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The colour of the ceiling of the tubes (the medullary surface) is dark brown or white, and is often used as a characteristic to distinguish between species. The lower surface of the tube is black with a smooth or wrinkled texture. Soralia at the lobe tip of H. physodes; here the tip curls up and back Rhizines are root-like attachment organs on the lower surface of a lichen thallus, made of elongated strands of hyphae; a shorter version of this attachment organ is called a hapter. Although many recent lichen floras and manuals describe Hypogymnia as lacking rhizines, a 2015 study challenges the universality of this assertion.
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Regional floras typically contain complete dichotomous keys for identification of trees and other plants to species (e.g. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada by Henry A. Gleason and Arthur Cronquist). The following guide originates from Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them by Harriet L. Keeler and applies to some flowering trees which are indigenous to the region extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the Rocky Mountains and from Canada to the northern boundaries of the southern states, together with a few well-known and naturalized foreign trees. This guide excludes conifers and is not an exhaustive list of all trees known to occur in the region.
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Examination of the species was performed by Kathleen Pigg, Richard Dillhoff, Melanie DeVore and Wesley Wehr based on the study of the holotype "UWBM 54185" and paratype "UWBM 56700ab" leaves. Both specimens were part of the in the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture paleobotanical collections at the time of description. Pigg et al published their 2007 type description of the species in the International Journal of Plant Sciences along with the type description of Trochodendron drachukii. They chose the specific epithet hopkinsii as a patronym honoring Donald Q. Hopkins in recognition for his collecting efforts at both the One Mile Creek site and other sites in the Okanagan highlands floras.
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He is the founder of the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment. 2017: Robin B. Foster for work on cataloging the flora of Barro Colorado Island in Panama and then developing the first of a network of tropical forest dynamics plots that has advanced study of tropical ecosystems and theories for their function and high biodiversity. 2018: Alan K. Graham for his work on understanding the origins and history of neotropical floras that has made particular use of pollen and microfossils. 2019: Sandra D Knapp tropical botanist and educator, advocate for conserving biodiversity, floristics, collections, the relationships between plants and people and particularly for her work with the Solanaceae.
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Acer stewarti was described from three leaf specimens and four complete fruit specimens which were recovered from outcrops of the early Eocene, Ypresian Allenby Formation exposed near Princeton, British Columbia. The seven specimens were found at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture location UWBM B3389, known as the One Mile Creek locality. The section Stewarta is known only from A. stewarti and the related species A. hillsi described from the Ypresian Klondike Mountain Formation around Republic in the Republic Graben of Northeast Washington State. Both the Allenby and Klondike Mountain Formations preserve upland temperate floras which were first interpreted as being microthermal, however further study has shown them to be more mesothermal in nature.
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A taxonomic database is a database created to hold information related to biological taxa - for example groups of organisms organized by species name or other taxonomic identifier - for efficient data management and information retrieval as required. Today, taxonomic databases are routinely used for the automated construction of biological checklists such as floras and faunas, both for print publication and online; to underpin the operation of web based species information systems; as a part of biological collection management (for example in museums and herbaria); as well as providing, in some cases, the taxon management component of broader science or biology information systems. They are also a fundamental contribution to the discipline of biodiversity informatics.
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Fossil leaves of †Bambusa ilinskiae are described from the Miocene deposits of the Carpathians. The fossil leaves of †Bambusa lugdunensis are known mainly from the Miocene of the Massif du Coiron in Ardèche, France, Miocene of Bełchatów in Poland, Middle Miocene of Austria, the Neogene of the Transcarpathians and the Pliocene of southern France.Acta Palaeobotanica – Supplementum No. 3 – New Fossil Floras from Neogene Deposits in the Bełchatów Lignite Mine by Grzegor Worobiec – Polish Academy of Sciences, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Krakow 2003 Findings of fossil Bambusa leaf impressions of Messinian age (ca. 5.7 Ma) from Monte Tondo in the Romagna Apennines in northern Italy, are similar to fossil †Bambusa lugdunensis leaves.
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Rothmaler was author and editor of a series of botanical monographs and textbooks. He produced more than 190 publications, including a monograph on the genus Antirrhinum (1956) and his most famous work, the Exkursionsflora von Deutschland (Excursion flora of Germany) (3 volumes) (1966). The current edition of the Excursion flora (commonly known just as "Rothmaler") consists of five volumes: Lower plants (Volume 1), vascular plants – main volume (volume 2), vascular plants – illustrations (volume 3), Critical volume (volume 4) and Volume 5 – Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Unlike other floras, such as that of Erich Oberdorfer, the second volume is supplemented by a third volume (vascular plants), in which the essential particulars are clarified by line drawings.
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Her master's thesis, which she defended in 1944, was devoted to the systematics and geography of the Caucasian populations of grape hyacinth (Muscari), a work which remains scientifically current. Data from this research was included in various works, especially the eight volume Flora of Georgia (1941–1952), which Schchian helped to edit. Her doctoral dissertation, which consisted of a systematic investigation of the family Dipsacaeae in the Caucasus, was defended in 1974, and came to be widely cited in floras of the Caucasus region. A. S. Schchian gave lectures in Armenian on systematics and general botany at the Armenian branch of the natural-geographical department of the Pushkin Pedagogical Institute in Tbilisi.
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The Crescent and Castor had been dismasted in the former engagement and were Jury rigged with only 300 unwounded men out of a full complement of 700 over the three ships. The Castor had only a prize crew on board, who were unable to leave the pumps. Williams made the signal to separate, and left the Crescent and Castor easy prizes to the two Frenchmen. His conduct was not blamed and was not even called in question; but Laughton opines that "when we consider that the Floras broadside was nearly as heavy as those of the Friponne and Gloire together, it is impossible to avoid thinking that Williams did not understand the novel conditions in his favour".
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Teak (Tectona) is characteristic of the seasonally dry forests of the Indomalaya, from India through Indochina, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Tropical pitcher plants (Nepenthes) are also characteristic of Indomalaya, and the greatest diversity of species is in Sumatra, Borneo, and the Philippines. The tropical forests of Indomalaya and Australasia share many lineages of plants, which have managed over millions of years to disperse across the straits and islands between Sundaland and New Guinea. The two floras evolved in long isolation, and the fossil record suggests that Asian species dispersed to Australasia starting 33 million years ago as Australasia moved northwards, and dispersal increased 12 million years ago as the two continents approached their present positions.
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Scandinavian plants of Koenigia × fennica had originally been identified as K. mollis in Nordic floras, but in 1999 Reiersen described them as a new hybrid, Aconogonon × fennicum, both purported parents (now Koenigia alpina and K. weyrichii) then being placed in the genus Aconogonon. Clive A. Stace, who in the 1997 edition of the New Flora of the British Isles had classified the three known British plants as a variant of Persicaria alpina, promptly moved the taxon to P. × fennica in 2002, believing Aconogonon to be invalid as a genus. Aconogonon has since been subsumed into Koenigia. The genus Koenigia is placed in the tribe Persicarieae, whose taxonomic history has been described as "exceptionally convoluted, even by Polygonaceae standards".
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In 1855 he took up his residence in London, and worked at Kew for five days a week, with a brief summer holiday, from this time onwards till the end of his life. In 1857, the government sanctioned a scheme for the preparation of a series of Floras or descriptions in the English language of the indigenous plants of British colonies and possessions. Bentham began with the Flora Hongkongensis in 1861, which was the first comprehensive work on any part of the little-known flora of China and Hong Kong, including Hong Kong croton. This was followed by the Flora Australiensis, in seven volumes (1863–1878), the first flora of any large continental area that had ever been finished.
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The Allenby Formation is part of the Eocene Okanogan Highlands floras which span from the Klondike Mountain Formation in Ferry County, Washington north west to Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park near Smithers, British Columbia. The specimens were studied by paleobotanists Melanie L. DeVore and Steven M. Moore of Georgia College and State University, Kathleen B. Pigg of Arizona State University and Wesley C. Wehr of the Burke Museum. Melanie DeVore and coauthors published the 2004 type description for N. dunthornei in the journal Rhodora. Melanie DeVore and coauthors chose the specific name dunthornei, in honor of Peter Dunthorne of Sedro-Woolley, Washington in recognition of the collecting work throughout the Okanagan highlands which he helped and participated with.
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He wrote his important Historia Plantarum shortly before his death. At Malines, in Flanders he established and maintained the botanical gardens of Jean de Brancion from 1568 to 1573, and first encountered tulips. This approach coupled with the new Linnaean system of binomial nomenclature resulted in plant encyclopaedias without medicinal information called Floras that meticulously described and illustrated the plants growing in particular regions. The 17th century also marked the beginning of experimental botany and application of a rigorous scientific method, while improvements in the microscope launched the new discipline of plant anatomy whose foundations, laid by the careful observations of Englishman Nehemiah GrewArber in and Italian Marcello Malpighi, would last for 150 years.
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From the 1930s onward, he shifted the focus of his work to plant taxonomy, where he became an influential figure, working for many years at the New York Botanical Garden, and authoring with Arthur Cronquist one of the authoritative floras of northeastern North America. Gleason married Eleanor Theodolinda Mattei, the daughter of the Swiss-American winemaker Andrew Mattei; they met on a steamship, where Gleason was on a botanical expedition, while Mattei was taking a grand tour of the world following her graduation from Mills College.. Their elder son, Henry Allan Gleason Jr (1917–2007), was a linguist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto. Their second son, Andrew Gleason, (1921–2008), was a mathematician and Professor Emeritus at Harvard University.
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Books on buildings that served as models for garden structures like pavilions and follies and others relating to the design and decoration of fountains, with the hydraulics necessary for their operation, are included, along with books on sculpture and iconography. Many volumes in the library describe great gardens or garden practice, for example Robert Castell's The Villas of the Ancients Illustrated and various editions of Andrew Jackson Downing’s A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening. The collection is also rich in works illustrating flowers and plants – early herbals and botanical writings, floras – works on horticulture, and even agriculture as it affects the life of country estates, such as a 1495 edition of Pietro de' Crescenzi’s Il libro della agricultura.
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Demissew served as the Leader of the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea between 1996 until its completion in 2009 in collaboration with Inga Hedberg in which 6000 species with 10% endemic species are documented; the project involved 91 scientists from 17 countries. It is one of the few completed Floras in Africa. Demissew has participated in a number of successful collaborative research projects with universities in Europe and Africa including Oslo, Norway with Inger Nordal; Copenhagen, Denmark with Ib Friis; Marburg, Germany: the University of Leicester and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK; National Museums of Kenya, and South African National Botanical Institute in Cape Town & Pretoria, South Africa. These projects have addressed floristics, biosystematics, vegetation, evolution in Afro alpine environments and under- utilized indigenous crops.
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In biogeography, particularly phytogeography, the nunatak hypothesis about the origin of a biota in formerly glaciated areas is the idea that some or many species have survived the inhospitable period on icefree land such as nunataks. Its antithesis is the tabula rasa hypothesis, which posits that all species have immigrated into completely denuded land after the retreat of glaciers. By the mid-20th Century, the nunatak hypothesis was widely accepted among biologists working on the floras of Greenland and Scandinavia. However, while modern geology has established the presence of ice-free areas during the last glacial maximum in both Greenland and Scandinavia, molecular techniques have revealed limited between-region genetic differentiation in many Arctic taxa, strongly suggesting a general capacity for long-distance dispersal among polar organisms.
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Carline thistle (Carlina vulgaris) flowering on the Isle of Mull The Isle of Mull is a popular destination for naturalists and photographers for seeing some of Britain's more elusive species. Mull has over 800 species of vascular plant (684 native and 171 naturalised) including 33 species of fern, at least 18 species of orchid and 22 native species of tree. There are about 700 species of lichen, 571 liverworts and mosses, and 247 marine algae (seaweeds), making a total of 2,388 species of plant recorded from the island. In addition, more than 2,000 species of fungi have been recorded on Mull: Dennis and Watling write, "When one speaks of the Inner Hebridean fungi one is referring to the floras of Mull and Rhum".
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The Irano-Anatolian region is a significant biodiversity hotspot in the Near East and Anatolia is the transition point between the European and Turko-Iranian floras. Turkey was beyond the southern limit of ice in the last ice age, and Anatolia may be considered to be a potential glacial refugium for species of plants and animals in Europe. In the late Pleistocene, sea levels in this region were lower than they are today by as much as and land bridges intermittently formed across the Bosphorus and the Sea of Marmara. After the end of the most recent ice age, plants surviving to the west of the Anatolian diagonal could spread back into Europe while those to the east could spread into Syria, Iraq and the Near East.
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Acer lincolnense is represented by a fossil specimens that were recovered from a late Eocene, possibly Chadronian aged, outcrop of the Beaver Creek flora in Central western Montana. Although it is located north of the Ruby Flora, which outcrops in southwest Montana, the similarities in overall floral composition between the Beaver Creek, Ruby, and other Montana floras are interpreted by Wolfe and Tanai to indicate that the assemblages are coeval in nature. The age of the Ruby flora is considered to range from approximately to approximately or as young as , meaning a probable similar age for the Beaver Creek assemblage. The fossils were first studied by paleobotanists Jack A. Wolfe of the United States Geological Survey, Denver office and Toshimasa Tanai of Hokkaido University.
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Aya Biosphere Reserve consists of a plateau containing high relief mountains (over 600m), low relief Mountains (200–400 m) and Shirasu (deposits of volcanic ash and sand) layers, as well as a flat alluvial plain around the confluence of the Ayakita and Ayaminami Rivers. It is located near the centre of Miyazaki Prefecture in Southeastern Kyushu, where the Kyushu Central Mountains and the Miyazaki Plain meet. Lucidophyllous forests within the Biosphere Reserve consist of many species endemic to Japan. Lucidophyllous forests in East Asia are unique as they have lain on the border of two floras (one is formed by mainly tropical evergreen trees, and the other by temperate deciduous trees) since the Cretaceous Period when angiosperms were first born (143 - 65 million years ago).
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The smaller the seed, the further they can disperse, which can be beneficial for avoiding competition with siblings and the parent as well as having better chances of some of the seeds dispersing into suitable habitat. Dispersal may also lead to greater fitness in future generations if further dispersed individuals are more likely to cross pollinate with an unrelated individuals, leading to greater genetic variation. The type of seed dispersal evolved has been highly correlated to seed size in floras across the world. In general, seeds smaller than 0.1 mg are often unassisted (wind dispersed), seeds larger than 100 mg are often dispersed by vertebrates or by water, and seeds between 0.1 and 100 mg are dispersed by a large variety of dispersal modes including dispersal by a great variety of animals.
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The arboretum has twelve miles (19 km) of trails (two miles (3 km) of which are wheelchair accessible), marked with over 250 trail signs and interpretive panels. The Wildwood Trail which leads north to Forest Park and the Marquam Trail which leads south to Marquam Nature Park meet in the arboretum; both trails are segments of the Portland area's 40-Mile Loop trail network. The visitor's center is located at the center of the park and contains a small nature center and research library where visitors can find information about the park and its trees; the visitor's center is also the starting point for periodic volunteer-guided tours. The research library has over 800 books ranging from technical floras to beginner gardening books, and is accessible to the public.
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Two Early to early Middle Miocene floras in Nevada host A. traini fossils, the Thurston Ranch flora of northeastern Nevada and the southernmost occurrence of the species in the Purple Mountain flora in western central Nevada. The Chilcotin River flora found in preserved infilled paleovalleys overlain by Chilcotin Group flood basalts while the Mascall formation is composed of temporary lake beds interbedded with lava flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group. Only one fossil is known from each locality, with the exception of the Trout Creek flora which produced two fossils, giving a total of only seven specimens. The holotype specimen of the species is number UMMP 65138, housed in the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology and the paratype is specimen UCMP 9343, in the University of California Museum of Paleontology.
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This publication functions as the second part of the Catalogue of Cenozoic Plants in the Department of Geology at the British Museum of Natural History. Before the publication of this work the London Clay Flora had not been the subject of a published work since Bowerbank's work a century earlier. Compared to Bowerbank's book, Reid and Chandler's publication focuses less on the general description of the fossil fruits and seeds at the shores and more on the conditions that allowed the fossils to occur. Although there is a descriptive section in the publication where Reid and Chandler engage in systematic descriptions of thallophyta, charophyta, cymnospermae, monocotyledones, and dicotyledones, the main importance of this publication lies in the conclusion the authors present regarding flora, the climate of the London Clay flora, and relations between fossils and floras.
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Her very wide knowledge within botany, particularly of Ireland and the Herbarium collection, is illustrated in the diversity of publications that acknowledge her contribution or advice: a follow-up to a record of Salix hibernica in Ireland in 1963 records her contribution of information from the Herbarium indicating the tree's presence in Ireland substantially earlier, in the 1880s; Identifying the species of reeds in a print of an oil painting in 1996 led to its identification as an important post-Famine Irish landscape painting; Identification of wood and charcoal fragments for archaeological excavations. Over 200 scientific publications, books and floras are attributed to her, in addition to specimens and field records deposited in the national Herbarium. The latter are among the largest contribution by any botanist. A new plant species was named after her in 2008, Sorbus scannelliana (Maura Scannell's Whitebeam).
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Arctic vegetation is largely controlled by temperature. Woody plants first occur in Subzone B (meaning July temperature about 3–5 °C) as prostrate (creeping) dwarf shrubs, and increasing in height up to 15 cm in Subzone C (about 5–7 °C), to erect dwarf shrubs (up to 40 cm tall) in Subzone D (mean July temperature about 7–9 °C), and low shrubs (40 cm to 2 m tall) in Sub zone E (mean July temperature about 9–12 °C). At the treeline, where mean July temperatures are between 10 and 12 °C, woody shrubs up to 2 m tall are abundant. The number of vascular plants in local floras available to form plant communities increases from fewer than 50 species in the coldest parts of the Arctic to as many as 500 species near treelines.
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Acer rousei was described from two complete fruit specimens which were recovered from outcrops of the early Eocene, Ypresian Allenby Formation exposed near Princeton, British Columbia and an additional three fruits from the Ypresian McAbee Fossil Beds near Cache Creek, British Columbia. The two Allenby Formation specimens were found at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture location UWBM B3389, known as the One Mile Creek locality. Both the Allenby Formation and the unnamed formation outcropping at the McAbee Fossil Beds preserve upland temperate floras that were first interpreted as being Microthermal, although further study has shown them to be more mesothermal in nature. The plant community preserved in the Allenby formation is a mixed conifer-broadleaf forest with large pollen elements of birch and golden larch, but also having notable traces of fir and spruce.
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Herbals were replaced by floras: books that described the native plants of local regions. The invention of the microscope stimulated the study of plant anatomy, and the first carefully designed experiments in plant physiology were performed. With the expansion of trade and exploration beyond Europe, the many new plants being discovered were subjected to an increasingly rigorous process of naming, description, and classification. Progressively more sophisticated scientific technology has aided the development of contemporary botanical offshoots in the plant sciences, ranging from the applied fields of economic botany (notably agriculture, horticulture and forestry), to the detailed examination of the structure and function of plants and their interaction with the environment over many scales from the large-scale global significance of vegetation and plant communities (biogeography and ecology) through to the small scale of subjects like cell theory, molecular biology and plant biochemistry.
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Sexwale is leading a group of South Africans who have devised a plan to take over mineral assets and mining concessions in the republic of Guinea, which the Guinean government plans to renationalize after revoking deals struck by previous governments in power.John Helmer, "South African Oligarch Beats Oleg Deripaska To The Pot In Guinea", Business Insider (13 June 2012) Sexwale is discussing a plan with ENRC to buy into mining interests in Guinea. Sexwale is believed to be the driver behind two British Virgin Island vehicles, Palladino Holdings and Floras Bell, which are managed by Walter Hennig. In April 2011 Walter Hennig concluded a secret deal with the Guinean President Alpha Condé that would transfer billions of Dollars of mining assets belonging to companies such as BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto - who want to invest billions to develop the mines of Guinea – to South African intermediary Palladino Capital.
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Both the Allenby and Klondike Mountain Formations preserve upland temperate floras which were first interpreted as being Microthermal, however further study has shown them to be more mesothermal in nature. The plant community preserved in the Klondike Mountain formation is a mixed confer-broad leaf forest with large pollen elements of birch and golden larch, but also having notable traces of fir, spruce, cypress, and palm. The Allenby formation is similar with the birch and golden larch as strong pollen signals and traces of fir and spruce, however the cypress and palm are not distinct signals. Acer stonebergae was described from a pair of specimens, the holotype, number "PDMA 1984 OMC 1001" which is currently preserved in the paleobotanical collections housed at the Princeton District Museum and Archives and the paratype, "UWBM 56254 A,B", is in the paleobotanical collection of the Burke Museum, part of the University of Washington in Seattle.
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Both the Allenby and Klondike Mountain Formations preserve upland temperate floras which were first interpreted as being Microthermal, however further study has shown them to be more mesothermal in nature. The plant community preserved in the Klondike Mountain formation is a mixed confer-broad leaf forest with large pollen elements of birch and golden larch, but also having notable traces of fir, spruce, cypress, and palm. The Allenby formation is similar with the birch and golden larch as strong pollen signals and traces of fir and spruce, however the cypress and palm are not distinct signals. Acer toradense was described from a pair of specimens, the holotype, number "USNM 396010 A,B" which is currently preserved in the paleobotanical collections housed at the National Museum of Natural History, part of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. and the paratype, "UBCB 2400", is in the paleobotanical collection of the University of British Columbia in Victoria, British Columbia.
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Specifically, he found that increased basal chromosomal numbers in diploid Clarkia were correlated with a xeric habitat, and hypothesized that the genus may have originated at the more mesic ecotone between the Arcto-Tertiary and Madro-Tertiary Floras and spread to more xeric habitats. His fourth paper in 1953 established what he hypothesized to be the primary mode of speciation in Clarkia: > Speciation in Clarkia...has probably resulted from a combination of a > variety of factors. Of these perhaps the most important has been the > differential accumulation in different populations of adapted gene > combinations associated with particular chromosome rearrangements. A by- > product of this accumulation of structural rearrangements has been the > establishment of strong barriers to gene exchange...These phenomena both > suggest that differentiation in Clarkia is often and perhaps usually a rapid > process. In 1954 he published on yet another new species, C. exilis, which was morphologically very similar to C. unguiculata.
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Chinese authors work together with their non-Chinese colleagues from 29 countries (Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, Russia, Spain, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, UK, Ukraine, and USA). The resulting draft is then reviewed by Chinese botanists, the Flora of China Editorial Committee, family specialists from around the world, and advisors on the floras of regions neighboring China to produce the best possible treatments. The project has seven non-Chinese editorial centers at Harvard University Herbaria, the California Academy of Sciences, the Smithsonian Institution, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), and the Missouri Botanical Garden, the organizational and coordination center of the project. The four Chinese centers are the CAS Institute of Botany (Beijing), the Kunming Institute of Botany, the Jiangsu Institute of Botany (Nanjing), and the South China Botanical Garden (Guangzhou).
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Areas of special interest for the cultivated plant taxonomist include: searching for and recording new plants suitable for cultivation (plant hunting); communicating with and advising the general public on matters concerning the classification and nomenclature of cultivated plants and carrying out original research on these topics; describing the cultivated plants of particular regions (horticultural floras); maintaining databases, herbaria and other information about cultivated plants. Much of the work of the cultivated plant taxonomist is concerned with the naming of plants as prescribed by two plant nomenclatural Codes. The provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Botanical Code) serve primarily scientific ends and the objectives of the scientific community, while those of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (Cultivated Plant Code) are designed to serve both scientific and utilitarian ends by making provision for the names of plants used in commerce—the cultigens that have arisen in agriculture, forestry and horticulture. These names, sometimes called variety names, are not in Latin but are added onto the scientific Latin names, and they assist communication among the community of foresters, farmers and horticulturists.
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Each of the sites are considered outcroppings of early Eocene, Ypresian, shale belonging to the Klondike Mountain Formation. The Klondike Mountain Formation, along with site of the same age in British Columbia preserve upland temperate floras which were first interpreted as being Microthermal, however further study has shown them to be more mesothermal in nature. The plant community preserved in the Klondike Mountain formation is a mixed conifer-broad leaf forest with large pollen elements of birch and golden larch, but also having notable traces of fir, spruce, cypress, and palm. The species was described from a group of specimens, the holotype, number "UWBM 56253 A,B" and the paratypes "UWBM 56255", "UWBM 71135 A,B" and "UWBM 54308" are currently preserved in the paleobotanical collections housed at the Burke Museum, part of the University of Washington in Seattle while the paratype, "USNM 396011", is in the paleobotanical collections of the National Museum of Natural History, part of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.. The specimens were studied by paleobotanists Jack A. Wolfe of the United States Geological Survey, Denver office and Toshimasa Tanai of Hokkaido University.
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The Kaijende Highlands have received media attention between 2005 and 2010 due to a number of biodiversity studies which have discovered a plethora of new species of plants and animals. In August to September 2005, Conservation International and the Porgera Joint Venture, performed a biodiversity survey to "collect data on the species richness and conservation status of plants, herpetofauna, birds and mammals." According to the report published by Conservation International in 2007, "the flora and fauna of Enga Province are probably less well known than that of any other province in Papua New Guinea". The Porgera Joint Venture also participated in the development of a Wildlife Conservation Area in the Kaijende Highlands. Another study, performed by Wayne Takeuchi of the Forest Research Institute compiled samples of 759 specimens from the Kaijende Highlands, which is among the largest surveys by CI-RAP in Papua New Guinea. The survey discovered 24 new species, including 16 new plants (5 arborescent taxa, 5 understory shrubs, 2 vines, 2 orchids, and 2 ferns), and 8 new species of frogs. According to Takeuchi, "New Guinea is home to one of the world’s richest floras." Subsequent research in the area has turned up other discoveries, including 6 new species of jumping spiders collected in 2009.
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