1000 Sentences With "decoder" | Random Sentence Generator

Mr. Lorius becomes a student of snow, a decoder of ice.

Previously, getting the full benefits of MQA required using a device with a hardware MQA decoder (such as the LG V30), but this is no longer necessary due to a software decoder included with the Tidal app.

Besides the GPUs, there's a new "Afterburner" video decoder card as well.

CALMatters made this handy decoder to decipher Brownisms and snippets of Gavinese.

By playing a "brain training" game, called Decoder, players can increase their concentration.

Decoder was enjoyed, and motivation remained high throughout the eight hours of playing.

They suggest that there's "some physical reality" to the inferred decoder, he said.

I deciphered the receipts with a self-deprecating magic decoder ring: You're getting worse.

With a cheap decoder, Saudis (and other Arabs) can watch with only a slight delay.

They provided me with a decoder ring to distinguish interesting fashion from merely palatable fashion.

Old macs will get a software-based decoder, while newer macs will have hardware acceleration.

So what to believe when social media is just a decoder ring with no instructions?

You also get a hardware decoder that lets you listen to the record on four speakers.

Anyone out there with an "Atlanta" decoder ring who can explain the significance of the third?

It's odd that you need a decoder ring of sorts to make sense of Iowa's results.

To access Shadow, users can rent a streaming box from the company that's essentially a video decoder.

But she played her most significant historical role as an eagle-eyed decoder in British wartime intelligence.

Her "decoder" feature translated a handful of actual letters so that people could cut through the muddle.

But not when the Decoder group was compared to the group that played no game at all.

Her "decoder" feature translated a handful of actual letters so that people could cut through the muddle.

The inciting Twitter thread was published by Twitter user SamuraiKnitter, who is apparently the internet's preeminent brooch decoder.

If you feel like you needed a decoder ring to make sense of all that, you're not alone.

The latest posters come with decoder glasses that obscure the irregular verb conjugations to help you quiz yourself.

It wants us to think about a tool that you would actually have on your hand: a DECODER RING.

Finally, AV1 videos should perform better, thanks to dav1d, a new decoder from the VideoLAN, VLC and FFmpeg communities.

"They show that the map is broken in mutants, but in a way that the decoder predicts," Walczak said.

One third of the volunteers were assigned to play Decoder during eight one-hour sessions over a four week period.

Whereas a paid version allows players to access Decoder whenever they want which can be more than once a day.

Even so, the researchers found that their decoder could predict the changes in mutated pair-rule expression with surprising accuracy.

A Bloomberg Politics "poll decoder" on Tuesday averaged several national surveys and found Clinton leading among Hispanics by 38 points.

That's because she's D.C.'s ultimate decoder ring — she can explain Trump's moves and malapropisms better than most anyone else.

A loan of 241,219.5 rupees ($93) from Sonata, a microfinance firm, helped him acquire a few satellite dishes and decoder boxes.

In the old version of Gboard's dictation model, this decoder graph was 2GB in size, far too big for on-device processing.

Mr. Tillerson had yet to turn in his State Department decoder ring before speculation turned to who else would be gone soon.

The time it took participants to complete this task was significantly different between the Decoder playing group and the group who played Bingo.

And as with any good heist, we each had our specialty: He was the firepower and muscle, I was the safecracker and decoder.

Once the source sentence is encoded, a decoder network generates a word-for-word translation, once again taking account of the immediately preceding word.

Why it matters: The discovery marks the first successful prototype of "a decoder of complex, natural communication signals from neural activity," the team said.

They used the surrogates' brains to come up with a "hyperalignment decoder" that provided the template for brain activity for certain fears, like snakes.

People who played Decoder for eight hours in one month showed significantly better attention than others who played Bingo or no game at all.

The Chord Hugo 2 is a bigger, beefier, and supposedly all-around better decoder and headphone amplifier than the Mojo, and it costs concordantly more.

And Mr. Chazelle's earlier films have earned him a reputation as a spirited decoder of compulsive artistic genius, not as a caretaker of national mythology.

Decoder boxes embossed with the beoutQ logo have for months been available across Saudi Arabia and are now for sale in other Arab-speaking countries.

Does one have to keep playing Decoder to improve sustained attention and if one stops, does that result in returning to previous levels of poorer attention?

To really cement whether this is something more general, then, researchers will have to test the decoder in other species, including those that develop more slowly.

Besides, there may be many ways of implementing such a decoder at the molecular level, meaning that this idea could apply to other systems as well.

As anyone who struggled through video compression woes in the early days of the internet knows, that's where the "codec" in Codec Avatars comes from: coder/decoder.

The team's findings suggest that this involves an optimal Bayesian decoder, which allows the regulatory elements to respond to very subtle changes in combined gap gene expression.

Its goal: to bypass his damaged spinal cord and, with the help of a signal decoder and electrode-packed sleeve, control his right arm with his thoughts.

Having been a decoder of a strain of Muslim-American life — middle-class, educated, assimilated, though less comfortably so after 2001 — he has, for now, moved on.

Other speakers will require Sony's 360 Reality Audio decoder along with "multiple speaker units and signal processing technology," so it's unlikely that this'll work for many existing setups.

The model also has a decoder component that formulates a semantic representation used to generate a translation of the text from the source language to the target language.

In this episode from the podcast Decoder Ring, we explore the strange history of the song, what makes it so catchy, and who it really belongs to today.

The Hechinger Report, a website that specializes in reporting on education, recently began offering a "decoder" tool that lets users upload a copy of their financial aid letters.

DBC is the industry standard "decoder ring" for all the sensors and capabilities of each car and an essential part of building towards self-driving software in every car.

"I am hoping to start studies using Decoder in people with brain injury and also in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in 221," Sahakian said in an email.

This interplay between the coded and the decoder gestures toward the idea of queerness as a shared secret, a thing that gains power the longer you look at it.

In Inferno, the stories and symbols belonging to a faith tradition important to many people serve merely as a sort of decoder ring for a religiously tinted National Treasure.

Around five years ago, the researchers—including Mariela Petkova, who started the measurement work as an undergraduate at Princeton (and is currently pursuing a doctorate in biophysics at Harvard University), and Gašper Tkačik, now at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria—determined this mapping by assuming it worked like what's known as an optimal Bayesian decoder (that is, the decoder used Bayes' rule for inferring the likelihood of an event from prior conditional probabilities).

It's royalty-free and it works atop of open-source dav1d decoder that has been built by VideoLAN, best known for its widely popular media player VLC and FFmpeg communities.

Researchers documented improvements in attention among healthy young adults who played a game called Decoder twice a week for a month, according to a report in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience.

When the researchers analyzed the results of the attention tests, they found that volunteers who played Decoder had improved focus and performed better than either of the other two groups.

Cabana helps you reverse engineer the signals your car is sending to determine the model's DBC, an industry standard "decoder ring" for all the sensors and capabilities of every car.

For the study, 75 healthy participants were split into three groups: one that played Decoder, one that played no game at all and another group who played the game Bingo.

As of October 6900, Bloomberg's Poll Decoder has Trump down 2628% to Hillary Clinton, which is a lot of ground to make up in a very short period of time.

The TVs now support HEVC, VP9, and AV1 content natively, which is notable when its previous 8K TV required an external decoder box to decode the YouTube-backed AV1 codec.

What I've discovered in my work is that gender — and I think this is true of race as well — is a subject, but it's also a solvent and a decoder.

The new model also slims down a part of the system known as the "decoder graph," a component that functions like an index in a book, matching audio waveforms with written words.

From those probability distributions, they built a "dictionary," or decoder—an explicit map that could spit out a probabilistic estimate of a cell's position based on its gap-gene protein concentration levels.

Versions of the decoder that used less of the information from all four gap genes—that, for instance, responded only to whether each gene was on or off—made worse predictions, too.

Keep this on hand, and you basically have a decoder ring to figure out what the hell any politician is talking about — in some cases (ahem), perhaps better than he does himself.

These signals are sent through wires that poke out of the person's skull to a decoder, where they are translated into a variety of outputs, from moving a cursor to controlling a limb.

Again, you can put on your Washington Decoder Ring and figure out what's going on here — Rubio is trying to paint himself (ridiculously) as an anti-establishment candidate in an anti-establishment year.

The goal is to build a repository with a DBC file for every car ever manufactured and democratize access to the decoder ring for your car, according to a Medium post published by Comma.

The Decoder app is "very similar" to the test used to determine it's effectiveness said Nilli Lavie, professor of psychology and brain sciences at University College London, who was not involved in the research.

The iPhone 11 now has "spatial audio," which Apple tells me is a virtual surround decoder that mostly supports Dolby formats, although it seems like games can use it without Dolby encoding as well.

If you've got your Washington Decoder Ring on, you can see Rubio's strategery: He's trying to raise expectations for Cruz so a second-place finish in Iowa will be seen as a devastating loss.

According to Microsoft, the attack went after "a VOIP phone, an office printer, and a video decoder," exploiting some pretty poor security measures that we're all likely guilty of to gain access: unchanged default passwords.

There's so much cybersecurity news these days, from elections integrity to stolen credit reports to the latest cybersecurity start-up, sometimes it feels like you need a decoder ring to make sense of it all.

It even goes as far as claiming that the insights could be used to build a new kind of "language decoder" that could be used to help people who are unable to speak to communicate with others.

Thanks to the MQA decoder being bundled with the latest Tidal for Android update, Android users will be able to maintain an optimal audio quality experience between the desktop Mac / Windows versions and their phones, both online and offline.

Now, an expanded partnership between Waze and mapping and analytics platform Esri is giving cities a decoder ring of sorts that turns that mountain of crowdsourced data into useable information without having to write code or purchase additional software.

There are some fantastic long entries (LICKETY SPLIT, TIME IS MONEY, DIRECTOR'S CUT, RICE COOKER, ACT YOUR AGE, MINOR CHORD and DECODER RING stood out to me) and the rest of the fill is not only entertaining, it's very clean.

This electrical activity was recorded and based on this recording, Ajiboye and his colleagues created a "neural decoder" --- an algorithm specific to Kochevar -- that could translate the patterns of Kochevar's recorded brain signals into commands for the electrodes in his arm.

In Mr. Herheim's quiet, poetic, suggestive, ultimately rather wispy staging — which he also moves from the libretto's Middle Ages to around the time the festival was founded in the 1930s — he doesn't provide a decoder ring for Debussy's sea of symbols.

This is how we get things like "signing gloves" that purport to translate American Sign Language (they do not), expensive portable GPS units for blind people, or high-concept decoder rings that allow blind people to read non-Braille texts.

The iPhone 11 and iPhone 11 Pro now have something called "spatial audio," which Apple tells me is a virtual surround decoder that mostly supports Dolby formats, although it seems like games can use it without Dolby encoding as well.

The government's assertion that the phone companies in Mountain Bell and In re Application of the U.S. for an Order Authorizing the Installation of a Pen Register or Touch-Tone Decoder and a Terminating Trap (Penn Bell), 22014 F.2627d 21 (2793d. Cir.

As NGCodec's Gunasekara noted, Xilinx itself has also been releasing some tools that now make it easier to use more common languages like C and C++ to program FPGAs (and that's what the company used to design its decoder for the F1 instances).

In November 1904, The Times announced the winner of that year's presidential election with searchlight signals on top of the 412-foot building: A steady light pointed west meant that Theodore Roosevelt had won, according to a decoder published before the election.

"For people who have had difficulty concentrating and problems getting into the flow at work or at university, Decoder should help them improve their concentration," said coauthor Barbara J. Sahakian, a professor and cognitive neuroscientist in the department of psychiatry at the University of Cambridge.

" Jansari added that "further research is needed to demonstrate whether first, Decoder has any benefits beyond standard laboratory measures of attention and second, whether there is any implication, if any, for its impact on individuals with very complex clinical attentional disorders such as ADHD.

There's the general-purpose CPU cores, the GPU (graphics processing unit), the ISP (image signal processor, which processes data from the camera), the media encoder and decoder, the motion coprocessor that manages data from a wide variety of sensors, input-output interfaces, radios (cellular, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth), and more.

"You don't need a secret decoder ring to see that these rolling milestones, over time, give the public policy teams at tech titans pause for thought," said Sam Blatteis, former head of Gulf government affairs for Google and now CEO of The MENA Catalysts, a firm that advises tech companies.

If you tuned in tonight hoping for some resolution on what actually happened to Alison (Ruth Wilson), some idea about how she really died or a decoder ring to help you understand last week's episode then call yourself Cole (Joshua Jackson) and take all the seats because it isn't happening.

Today, Intel has revealed the first 153 processors based on its Ice Lake architecture, and some differences might not be obvious when you're buying a laptop from a store — so I thought I'd whip up a little decoder ring to help you understand what a phrase like "Intel Core i5-1035G4" is all about.

Cherished details like the "Little Orphan Annie" decoder ring, a triple-dog dare on the schoolyard and the Red Ryder Carbine Action 200-shot Range Model air rifle were lost on Vincent Canby at the time: There are a number of small, unexpectedly funny moments in "A Christmas Story," but you have to possess the stamina of a pearl diver to find them.

Apple Podcasts | Pocket Casts | Spotify Here are some others that we'd recommend checking out this year: Adventures in New America, Death in Ice Valley, Decoder Ring, Dr. Death, Drawn: The Story of Animation, Fansplaining, Halloween Unmasked, Jolted, Sandra, Standoff, Video Palace, and Wild Thing The Vergecast interviews Our flagship technology podcast tried something new this year, launching a second weekly episode where Editor-in-Chief Nilay Patel interviews the most interesting people in tech right now.

According to the standard, S5 encoder shall at least consist of a base S5 encoder; and a S5 decoder shall at least consist of a base S5 decoder. S5 encoder. S5 decoder.

The four states of a 2-to-4 Decoder In digital electronics, an address decoder is a binary decoder that has two or more inputs for address bits and one or more outputs for device selection signals. When the address for a particular device appears on the address inputs, the decoder asserts the selection output for that device. A dedicated, single-output address decoder may be incorporated into each device on an address bus, or a single address decoder may serve multiple devices. A single address decoder with n address input bits can serve up to 2n devices.

Figure 1: CELP decoder Before exploring the complex encoding process of CELP we introduce the decoder here. Figure 1 describes a generic CELP decoder. The excitation is produced by summing the contributions from fixed (a.k.a. stochastic or innovation) and adaptive (a.k.a.

Through testing, they determined that ffvp8 was faster than Google's own libvpx decoder. Starting with version 0.6, FFmpeg also supported WebM and VP8. In October 2013, a native VP9 and the OpenHEVC decoder, an open source High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) decoder, were added to FFmpeg.

In 1975/6 Wireless World published the design of a decoder of broadcast TV Teletext information before the first commercial decoder became available. Later it published regular columns of brief Circuit Ideas.

Since each household has to install a special decoder to view the channels, there is an extra deposit and installation for the decoder. However, these charges are waived for Netvigator broadband subscribers. With the decoder, households are able to watch approximately 20 free channels. For the subscription channels, Now uses the pricing model of pay-per-channel basis.

An example of an iterative SCCC decoder. Fig. 2. SCCC Decoder The SCCC decoder includes two soft-in-soft- out (SISO) decoders and an interleaver. While shown as separate units, the two SISO decoders may share all or part of their circuitry. The SISO decoding may be done is serial or parallel fashion, or some combination thereof.

Each decoder layer does the opposite, taking all the encodings and processes them, using their incorporated contextual information to generate an output sequence. To achieve this, each encoder and decoder layer makes use of an attention mechanism, which for each input, weighs the relevance of every other input and draws information from them accordingly to produce the output. Each decoder layer also has an additional attention mechanism which draws information from the outputs of previous decoders, before the decoder layer draws information from the encodings. Both the encoder and decoder layers have a feed-forward neural network for additional processing of the outputs, and contain residual connections and layer normalization steps.

Decoder Ring is an experimental electronic-rock crossover group from Australia.

Many Japanese brands like Pioneer or Kenwood had matrix decoders with two modes: - SQ and RM. JVC had two modes on their matrix decoder called Matrix 1 and Matrix 2. That decoder could play both SQ and QS records, but it was a simplified decoder. QS records could also be played on Marantz Vari-Matrix system. (European trademarks like Philips or Bang & Olufsen had only decoders for SQ or both SQ and CD-4 - but not QS.) QS records could give some quadraphonic effect, although far from accurate, when played on an SQ decoder.

The SDDS decoder is installed in the sound equipment rack. The decoder receives the information from the reader and translates it into audio signals routed to the cinema's power amplifiers. The decoder is responsible for a series of processes that must be performed before the audio is recovered. Next, errors caused by scratches or damage to the film are corrected using redundant error recovery data.

Scientists look at a MADM nuclear land mine. Cutaway casing with warhead inside, code-decoder / firing unit is at left. Internal components of the MADM setup. From left to right: packing container, W45 warhead, code-decoder unit, firing unit.

This spike-rejection filter can be seen as a kind of repetition decoder.

Sensai Mark came and instructed them on how to fight properly. During the team draft, Mike chose Andrea, Gene, and Jeffrey, while Stephanie chose Erica, Joy, and Kevin. In the "Spinner Code" challenge, two members of the team sat on a giant decoder wheel with colors on it that pointed to images. A spotter would be watching the decoder, and would tell the puzzle solver what the decoder was showing.

Decoder releases appeared on various labels, including Breakbeat Culture with Markee Ledge as Decoder & Substance, Tech Itch Recordings, BS1 Records, Hard Leaders, 31 Records and Audio Couture. Decoder also provided production for Peshay's Miles From Home. Beale's next release, the Encrypted EP, reached number three in Fabio & Grooverider's "Rollers Top Ten" chart in 1998. The Encrypted EP, along with "Headlock", "Deception" and Decoder's collaboration with Mark Caro, EKO, followed.

It has been reverse engineered and many websites provide an on-the-fly decoder.

In 2016, Steven J. Franke and Joseph H. Taylor published a novel soft-decision decoder.

Video Shader has been superseded by Unified Video Decoder (UVD) and Video Coding Engine (VCE).

Video Immersion has been superseded by Unified Video Decoder (UVD) and Video Coding Engine (VCE).

In September 2005, VoiceAge Corporation announced availability of AMR-WB+ decoder in Helix DNA Client.

Several members of the 7400 series of integrated circuits can be used as address decoders. For example, when used as an address decoder, the 74154Datasheet for 74HC154 provides four address inputs and sixteen (i.e., 24) device selector outputs. An address decoder is a particular use of a binary decoder circuit known as a "demultiplexer" or "demux" (the 74154 is commonly called a "4-to-16 demultiplexer"), which has many other uses besides address decoding.

The SRAM decoder for this example has an 11-bit input, Addr[13:3], and 2048 outputs, the decoded word lines. One word line is driven high in response to each unique Addr[13:3] value. In the simplest form of decoder, each of the 2048 lines is logically an AND gate. The 11 bits (call them A[13:3] and their complements (call them B[13:3]) are driven up the decoder.

An autoencoder consisting of an encoder and a decoder is a paradigm for deep learning architectures. An example is provided by Hinton and Salakhutdinov where the encoder uses raw data (e.g., image) as input and produces feature or representation as output and the decoder uses the extracted feature from the encoder as input and reconstructs the original input raw data as output. The encoder and decoder are constructed by stacking multiple layers of RBMs.

The block diagram of a communication system employing a turbo equalizer is shown below. The turbo equalizer encompasses the equalizer, the decoder, and the blocks in between. none The difference between a turbo equalizer and a standard equalizer is the feedback loop from the decoder to the equalizer. Due to the structure of the code, the decoder not only estimates the information bits a, but it also discovers new information about the coded bits b.

Each decoder has its own address, instructions sent from the controller have a corresponding address so that while every active decoder will receive the instructions only the addressed decoder will respond. Once a locomotive is running it will continue and so even with one controller several trains can be running. Many locomotives may be on the track and individually controlled. Train lighting will always be at full intensity, even when the locomotive is stopped.

Supported color depths are 1-bit (monochrome), 15-bit RGB, 24-bit RGB, 32-bit ARGB, as well as palettized RGB. As a result of reverse-engineering of the format, a decoder is implemented in XAnim as well as an encoder and decoder in libavcodec.

Minimum annual royalty shall be $10,000, excluding the initial fee in year 1 of the license agreement. AMR-WB+ monoural decoder in a category of personal computer products is licensed for free. Stereo AMR-WB+ decoder for personal computer products is licensed for $0.30.

The decoder portion of the vocoder, called a voder, can be used independently for speech synthesis.

The original selection of channels included M-Net, MGM, TNT, Sci-Fi Universal, SuperSport, ESPN, Cartoon Network, BBC World News, CNN International and Sky News amongst others. This was followed by the launch of new services including: W4 Eutelsat satellite with Ku-band services to sub- Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands in 2000, Interactive Television in 2002, Dual View decoder in 2003, and the DStv PVR decoder and DStv Compact in 2005. DStv's own high definition broadcasts, viewed via the HD PVR decoder were launched in 2008. This year also saw the introduction of the XtraView Decoder and the M-NET HD channel.

The SiS was available as a discrete card, with an AGP 2x or PCI bus, and as an integrated GPU. It had a 64-bit 2D/3D graphics accelerator, a DVD decoder, a TV decoder. It was available with 4 MB or 8 MB of memory.

In 2002, an improved decoder was developed by Shuhong Gao, based on the extended Euclid algorithm Gao_RS.pdf .

Decoder is the stage name of drum and bass and jungle producer Darren Beale and Mark Caro.

The Video Code Engine 4.0 encoder and UVD 7.0 decoder are included in the Vega-based GPUs.

After the title screen, a copy protection screen was displayed consisting of two pictures and a line. The player was required to use the decoder wheel to line up the pictures, then enter the word revealed on the decoder wheel. After three unsuccessful attempts, the game automatically shut down.

The yEncode draft proposal document was made available on 31 July 2001. A reference encoder and decoder was included in the MyNews 1.9 freeware version in November that year. yDec, a freeware win32 decoder came on 14 November 2001. On 21 March 2002, Agent supported yEnc with version 1.91.

Internally, though, most Selectrix decoders use 128 speed steps. In addition to speed control, a Selectrix decoder provides control for locomotive head and rear lights and one additional function. If more functionality is required, there are Selectrix decoders equipped with SUSIbus for an additional sound decoder or similar.

WAVE is multi-standard encoder and decoder system specifically designed for ultra-high-definition(4K) resolution up to 60 frame per second. WAVE codec (encoder & decoder) supports HEVC(H.265) and H.264/AVC, while decodes formats including HEVC(H.265), H.264/AVC, VP9, AV1 and AV2.

In information theory, a soft-decision decoder is a kind of decoding methods – a class of algorithm used to decode data that has been encoded with an error correcting code. Whereas a hard-decision decoder operates on data that take on a fixed set of possible values (typically 0 or 1 in a binary code), the inputs to a soft-decision decoder may take on a whole range of values in-between. This extra information indicates the reliability of each input data point, and is used to form better estimates of the original data. Therefore, a soft- decision decoder will typically perform better in the presence of corrupted data than its hard-decision counterpart.

Only one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD player and receiver/decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a newer LaserDisc player that is capable of playing digital tracks, has a digital optical output for digital PCM and DTS audio, is aware of AC-3 audio tracks, and has an AC-3 coaxial output; an external or internal AC-3 RF demodulator and AC-3 decoder; and a DTS decoder. Many 1990s A/V receivers combined the AC-3 decoder and DTS decoder logic, but an integrated AC-3 demodulator is rare both in LaserDisc players and in later A/V receivers. PAL LaserDiscs have a slightly longer playing time than NTSC discs, but have fewer audio options.

If the receiver output contains the appropriate tone for the resonant frequency of a reed, that reed would be made to vibrate. As the reed vibrates, it touches a contact screw above its free end. These contacts form the output of the decoder. Decoder outputs are generally fed to small relays.

Unified Video Decoder (UVD2.2)Unified Video Decoder#UVD-enabled GPUs is present on the dies of all products and supported by AMD Catalyst 9.11 and later through DXVA 2.0 on Microsoft Windows and VDPAU on Linux and FreeBSD. The free and open-source graphics device driver#ATI/AMD also support UVD.

On November 11, 2009, the FFmpeg open source project gained an MPEG-4 ALS decoder in its development version.

Messenger. It is implemented through the Tsd32.dll A Truespeech decoder was implemented in the 0.5 release of FFmpeg.

This allows decoder to successfully render a halftone image by presenting indexed dictionary bitmap patterns neighboring with each other.

When a customer subscribes to Sky they will have a decoder professionally installed and a satellite dish installed if one isn't already available. Sky maintains ownership of the equipment and part of the customers monthly subscription cost includes the rental of the decoder. Customers who have My Sky pay an additional cost per month. If a customer wants to discontinue their Sky service on a temporary basis the customer can switch to a decoder rental option which allows the customer to receive free to air channels only.

Using this trick, a self- modifying decoder can be created that initially uses only bytes in the allowed range. The main code of the shellcode is encoded, also only using bytes in the allowed range. When the output shellcode is run, the decoder can modify its own code to be able to use any instruction it requires to function properly and then continues to decode the original shellcode. After decoding the shellcode the decoder transfers control to it, so it can be executed as normal.

In CPU design, the use of a sum-addressed decoder (SAD) or sum-addressed memory (SAM) decoder is a method of reducing the latency of the CPU cache access and address calculation (base + offset). This is achieved by fusing the address generation sum operation with the decode operation in the cache SRAM.

On 15 September 2011, FFmpeg introduced a free decoder for ProRes 422 for libavcodec. FFmbc, a fork of FFmpeg customized for broadcast and professional usage, supports ProRes 422 and 4444 files. On 1 October 2011, JCodec introduced an open source (FreeBSD License) pure Java decoder for ProRes 422, a translate of FFmpeg version.

In the H.264 and VC-1 standards, the VBV is replaced with generalized version called Hypothetical Reference Decoder (HRD).

A sum-addressed SRAM combines the information just once by implementing the adder and decoder together in one structure. Recall that the SRAM is indexed with the result of an add. Call the summands R (for register) and O (for the offset to that register). The sum-addressed decoder is going to decode R+O.

User metadata and special synchronization data can be incorporated into the compressed format at configurable rates. The latter permits rapid decoder resynchronization in the event of data corruption or loss over communications links where Quality of Service (QoS) can vary rapidly. Depending on the settings of parameters, decoder resynchronization can occur within 1–2 ms.

The film A Christmas Story (1983) depicts the Little Orphan Annie radio show transmitting a secret message that deciphered to: "Be sure to drink your Ovaltine," unlike the actual broadcasts' secret code segments, which usually previewed the upcoming episode. Decoder rings are mentioned by Arnold Schwarzenegger's character in Last Action Hero. A "Drogan's Decoder Ring" is mentioned in the 1985 comedy movie Spies Like Us between characters played by Stephen Hoye and Dan Aykroyd. Laura Petrie mentions her husband, Rob's "Captain Midnight Decoder Ring," in Season 5, episode 27 of the Dick Van Dyke Show.

Thus the decoder can detect and correct a single error and at the same time detect (but not correct) a double error. If the decoder does not attempt to correct errors, it can reliably detect triple bit errors. If the decoder does correct errors, some triple errors will be mistaken for single errors and "corrected" to the wrong value. Error correction is therefore a trade-off between certainty (the ability to reliably detect triple bit errors) and resiliency (the ability to keep functioning in the face of single bit errors).

The technology used in DTV television is MPEG-2. The demultiplexer selects particular packets, decrypts, and forwards to a specific decoder.

The Rapture3D decoder from Blue Ripple Sound supports this and is already used in a number of computer games using OpenAL.

The last decoder is followed by a final linear transformation and softmax layer, to produce the output probabilities over the vocabulary.

Source code of both decoder and encoder in ANSI C is available as 3GPP TS 26.442 and is being updated regularly.

The QSD-1 Quadphonic Synthesizer (a rack-mount module) was introduced in 1971, soon followed by the smaller, boxy QSD-2. As of 2018 the Australian company Involve Audio is making a QS decoder called Surround Master, which claims to use the same specifications as the QSD-1. The decoder included with the Suzanne Cianni album used this technology.

Depending on the chosen mode, different amounts of band- pass Gaussian noise are added to the synthesized harmonic signal by the decoder.

As the decoder builds its table it tracks these increases in code length and it is able to unpack incoming bytes accordingly.

In all the ships and stations that received the message, only the decoder on Halsey's flagship, the , failed to delete both padding phrases.

The bit-stream format of Apple Video has been reverse-engineered and a decoder has been implemented in the projects XAnim and libavcodec.

The CD-audio input could also be daisy-chained from another sound generating device, such as an MPEG decoder or TV tuner card.

Both of AMD's SIP cores for video acceleration, Video Coding Engine as well as Unified Video Decoder, are supported by AMD Radeon Software.

MPEG-4 File Sink Similar to Windows Vista, transcoding (encoding) support is not exposed through any built-in Windows application but several codecs are included as Media Foundation Transforms (MFTs). In addition to Windows Media Audio and Windows Media Video encoders and decoders, and ASF file sink and file source introduced in Windows Vista, Windows 7 includes an H.264 encoder with Baseline profile level 3 and Main profile support H.264 Video Encoder and an AAC Low Complexity (AAC-LC) profile encoder AAC Encoder For playback of various media formats, Windows 7 also introduces an H.264 decoder with Baseline, Main, and High-profile support, up to level 5.1,H.264 Video Decoder AAC-LC and HE-AAC v1 (SBR) multichannel, HE-AAC v2 (PS) stereo decoders,AAC Decoder MPEG-4 Part 2 Simple Profile and Advanced Simple Profile decoders MPEG4 Part 2 Video Decoder which includes decoding popular codec implementations such as DivX, Xvid and Nero Digital as well as MJPEG and DV DV Video Decoder MFT decoders for AVI.

When only A or B changes state, it is assumed that the encoder has moved one increment of its measurement resolution and, accordingly, the quadrature decoder will assert its count enable output to allow the counts to change. Depending on the encoder's direction of travel (forward or reverse), the decoder will assert or negate its direction output to cause the counts to increment or decrement (or vice versa). When neither A nor B changes, it is assumed that the encoder has not moved and so the quadrature decoder negates its count enable output, thereby causing the counts to remain unchanged.

The decoder pen, yes-no pen, yes-know pen or magic pen book is a combination of decoder pen or marker specially designed to reveal invisible ink-encoded pictures or writing, in the form of answers to questions or hidden parts of pictures, with specially created children's books with hidden words and pictures. They were most popular in the 1970s, but continue to be sold at gift shops. Often they were in the form of trivia games, which enabled the player to guess before revealing the answer. Brands of books for use with decoder pens include Yes & Know, and surprise Ink.

A soft-in soft-out (SISO) decoder is a type of soft-decision decoder used with error correcting codes. "Soft-in" refers to the fact that the incoming data may take on values other than 0 or 1, in order to indicate reliability. "Soft- out" refers to the fact that each bit in the decoded output also takes on a value indicating reliability. Typically, the soft output is used as the soft input to an outer decoder in a system using concatenated codes, or to modify the input to a further decoding iteration such as in the decoding of turbo codes.

Each decoder consists of three major components: a self-attention mechanism, an attention mechanism over the encodings, and a feed-forward neural network. The decoder functions in a similar fashion to the encoder, but an additional attention mechanism is inserted which instead draws relevant information from the encodings generated by the encoders. Like the first encoder, the first decoder takes positional information and embeddings of the output sequence as its input, rather than encodings. Since the transformer should not use the current or future output to predict an output though, the output sequence must be partially masked to prevent this reverse information flow.

A Captain Midnight decoder ring A secret decoder ring (or secret decoder) is a device which allows one to decode a simple substitution cipher - or to encrypt a message by working in the opposite direction. As inexpensive toys, they have been often used as promotional items by retailers, radio and television programs from the 1930s through to the current day. Decoders, whether badges or rings, are an entertaining way for children to tap into a common fascination with encryption, ciphers, and secret codes, and are used to send hidden messages back and forth to one another.

To enable a decoder to present synchronized content, such as audio tracks matching the associated video, at least once each 100 ms, a program clock reference (PCR) is transmitted in the adaptation field of an MPEG-2 transport stream packet. The PID with the PCR for an MPEG-2 program is identified by the pcr_pid value in the associated PMT. The value of the PCR, when properly used, is employed to generate a system_timing_clock in the decoder. The system time clock (STC) decoder, when properly implemented, provides a highly accurate time base that is used to synchronize audio and video elementary streams.

For example, the unique identifier of an object. # The pre-treatment and post- treatment filters Depending on these elements, the system calls an encoder/decoder to retrieve the data from the native system. Each encoder/decoder depends on the implementation. In the case of Enterprise Connector, the encoders/decoders use the SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise SDK to access to the repository.

The decoders described in this section use the Reed Solomon original view of a codeword as a sequence of polynomial values where the polynomial is based on the message to be encoded. The same set of fixed values are used by the encoder and decoder, and the decoder recovers the encoding polynomial (and optionally an error locating polynomial) from the received message.

R provides television, broadband Internet, and mobile telephony services to over 820,000 homes and companies in the Galicia region. The television service brings over a hundred channels to customers with the related signal decoder. It includes Oriel, a pay television service where customers can order films, sports programming, and television series. For customers without the signal decoder, R provides about two dozen channels.

In Germany the very restrictive rules of the state-owned telephone system prevented widespread use of inexpensive, non-telco licensed modems, prompting the use of inferior acoustic couplers instead. Access to Bildschirmtext, the state-owned telco's own dial- up online service, was possible via special add-on hardware like the Commodore "BTX Decoder Modul" or the Commodore "BTX Decoder Modul II".

Hierarchical structure of AAC profile, AAC-HE profile and AAC-HE v2 profile, and compatibility between them. The AAC-HE profile decoder is fully capable of decoding any AAC profile stream. Similarly, The AAC-HE v2 decoder can handle all AAC-HE profile streams as well as all AAC profile streams. Based on the MPEG-4 Part 3 technical specification.

On July 23, 2010 Fiona Glaser, Ronald Bultje, and David Conrad of the FFmpeg team announced the ffvp8 decoder. Their testing found that ffvp8 was faster than Google's own libvpx decoder. MKVToolNix, the popular Matroska creation tools, implemented support for multiplexing/demultiplexing WebM-compliant files out of the box. Haali Media Splitter also announced support for muxing/demuxing of WebM. Since version 1.4.

The video acceleration in the RK29xx chip is handled by the WebM Project's G-Series 1 hardware decoder IP. In June 2011, ZiiLABS demonstrated their 1080p VP8 decoder implementation running on the ZMS-20 processor. The chip's programmable media processing array is used to provide the VP8 acceleration. Also ST-Ericsson and Huawei had hardware implementations in their computer chips.

Midnight Decoder BadgeOne subset of radio premiums were cryptological, mostly based on cipher disks. Ovaltine Foods issued these for Little Orphan Annie and Captain Midnight. At least once a week, secret messages were broadcast at the close of an episode, each of which was invariably a preview of the forthcoming episode. These could be deciphered with one of the "decoder" premiums.

The Sigma Designs RealMagic ISA MPEG decoder card RealMagic (or ReelMagic), from Sigma Designs, was one of the first fully compliant MPEG playback boards on the market in the mid-1990s. RealMagic is a hardware-accelerated MPEG decoder that mixes its video stream into a computer video card's output through the video card's feature connector. It is also a SoundBlaster- compatible sound card.

The Malaysian government provided free decoder unit for low-income households. According to former Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Minister Ahmad Shabery Cheek, the MYTV Basic decoder would be distributed to around two million select Malaysian households while other recipients would be determined later. All 2 million households had now been determined and it would be sent to recipients house via PosLaju.

A typical trace vector decoder exception handler decodes the upcoming instruction located outside the exception, as well as re-encoding the previously decoded instruction.

Using this method the data sent between the coder and the decoder is longer than the original data by less than 1% on average.

On September 20, 2018, Nvidia released the GeForce RTX 2080 (TU104), which includes full fixed function HEVC Main 4:4:4 12 hardware decoder.

An integrated receiver/decoder (IRD) is an electronic device used to pick up a radio-frequency signal and convert digital information transmitted in it.

On 28 August 2008, Apple introduced a free ProRes QuickTime Decoder for both Mac and Windows that allows playback of ProRes files through QuickTime.

A Fraunhofer-authored open-source encoder/decoder included in Android has been ported to other platforms. It is the recommended AAC encoder of FFmpeg.

The open source program / library FFmpeg also has ADX support implemented, however, its decoder is hard coded so can only properly decode 44100 Hz ADXs.

The decoder is built in a similar way to the above encoder. Two elementary decoders are interconnected to each other, but in series, not in parallel. The \textstyle DEC_1 decoder operates on lower speed (i.e., \textstyle R_1), thus, it is intended for the \textstyle C_1 encoder, and \textstyle DEC_2 is for \textstyle C_2 correspondingly. \textstyle DEC_1 yields a soft decision which causes \textstyle L_1 delay.

A codec is a device or computer program which encodes or decodes a digital data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder-decoder. A coder encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission or storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing. Codecs are used in videoconferencing, streaming media, and video editing applications.

In 1986, an original scheme decoder known as the Berlekamp–Welch algorithm was developed. In 1996, variations of original scheme decoders called list decoders or soft decoders were developed by Madhu Sudan and others, and work continues on these types of decoders – see Guruswami–Sudan list decoding algorithm. In 2002, another original scheme decoder was developed by Shuhong Gao, based on the extended Euclidean algorithm Gao_RS.pdf .

PTS determines when to display a portion of an MPEG program, and is also used by the decoder to determine when data can be discarded from the buffer. Either video or audio will be delayed by the decoder until the corresponding segment of the other arrives and can be decoded. PTS handling can be problematic. Decoders must accept multiple program streams that have been concatenated (joined sequentially).

The diagram to the right could exemplify playing an MP3 file using GStreamer. The file source reads an MP3 file from a computer's hard- drive and sends it to the MP3 decoder. The decoder decodes the file data and converts it into PCM samples which then pass to the ALSA sound-driver. The ALSA sound-driver sends the PCM sound samples to the computer's speakers.

A quadrature decoder does not necessarily allow the counts to change for every incremental position change. When a decoder detects an incremental position change (due to a transition of A or B, but not both), it may allow the counts to change or it may inhibit counting, depending on the AB state transition and the decoder's clock multiplier. The clock multiplier of a quadrature decoder is so named because it results in a count rate which is a multiple of the A or B pulse frequency. Depending on the decoder's design, the clock multiplier may be hardwired into the design or it may be run-time configurable via input signals.

Imageon TV. Announced in February 2006, as the first Imageon product in the line featuring Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld (DVB-H) signal receiving support, allowing handhelds devices to receive digital broadcast TV (DVB-H) signals and enables watching TV programs on these devices, the chipset includes tuner, demodulator, decoder, and a full software stack. In 2008 AMD launched several additional non-3D multimedia processors under the Imageon brand, including the D160 mobile TV decoder, M180 media processor, M210 audio decoder, A250 applications processor, and Z180 vector graphics (OpenVG 1.x) processor. The A250 applications processor supported 8MP camera sensors, SD video, dual displays, vector graphics and DVB decoding.

The AP243D audio processor renders the streams received from the decoder and allows switching between 6 and 12 channel playback automatically or upmixing to Auro 11.1 layout.

January 12, 2010. Media Decoder. New York Times. and former publisher of magazines GQ and Vogue."Ex Men’s Vogue Publisher Finds A New Home At Conde Nast".

The service had about 20 channels during its period of operation. The service could be received with a monthly subscription using a MMDS Antenna and Decoder Unit.

A data decoder. ‘’’Graphics Processor’’’ The main purpose of a graphics processor is to render a range of Internet file formats and proprietary interactive TV file formats.

Common bitrates are 9.6–128 kbit/s. Like other delta-modulation techniques, the output of the decoder does not exactly match the original input to the encoder.

Unified Video Decoder (UVD3) is present on the die of all products and supported by AMD Catalyst and by the free and open-source graphics device driver.

Other recurring characters on the show included Percy Q. Kidpester (drawn by George Feyer) and Mr. Sharpey (Paul Kligman) who was known for saying "A knuckle full of nickels". A highlight of the show was the secret decoder wheel which kids could request by mail. At the end of each show, a secret message was shown on the TV screen. Home users of a decoder wheel could decipher the message.

On July 19, 2013, Allegro DVT announced that they had improved their HEVC decoder IP by adding support for the Main 10 profile. On July 23, 2013, VITEC announced the Stradis HDM850+ Professional Decoder Card. HDM850+ is the first PCIe based card supporting real time HEVC decoding (as well as H.264 and MPEG-2). HDM850+ decodes and display HEVC / H.265 clips or stream over 3G-SDI/HDMI video outputs.

This can then be decoded with a model trained specifically for the target. This means the target's detailed information will be superimposed on the underlying facial and body features of the original video, represented in the latent space. A popular upgrade to this architecture attaches a generative adversarial network to the decoder. A GAN trains a generator, in this case the decoder, and a discriminator in an adversarial relationship.

An IPTV service is available to most Spanish customers via an extra decoder box that connects to the yellow Ethernet port of the Livebox. The service allows for streaming of several free channels, while others require a paid subscription. Some sport events and movies are available on a pay-per-view scheme. The decoder can be connected to an aerial allowing for free-to-air channel reception via digital terrestrial television.

The Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990 requires that all televisions larger than 13 inches sold in the United States after July 1993 have a special built-in decoder that enables viewers to watch closed- captioned programming. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 directs the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to adopt rules requiring closed captioning of most television programming. The FCC’s rules on closed captioning became effective January 1, 1998.

Sky originally launched on 18 May 1990 as an analogue UHF service. Subscribers required a VideoCrypt decoder and a UHF aerial, both of which were supplied by when joining Sky. The signal was sent with the picture scrambled using VideoCrypt technology; the decoder was used to unscramble the picture. Sky Movies channel was the only channel broadcast in NICAM stereo; Sky Sport and Sky News were broadcast in mono.

Control of points and other accessories was available in a very simple manner. Locomotives equipped with a Zero 1 decoder could not be used on conventional direct current systems, making it difficult to run one's locomotives on friends' layouts or club layouts. This was a common issue with command control systems in that time period. Locomotives with no decoder could not be used on a Zero 1 layout either.

On Slate's Decoder Ring podcast, Willa Paskin discussed the etymology of the term, noting that Oxford English Dictionary credited the Australian Street Machine automotive magazine with the first published description of the term in 1992, predating Beastie Boys. Decoder Ring discovered that the magazine image had been faked; in a 2018 apology posted to imgur, the creator had admitted to faking the text, adjusting the magazine dates, and shown proof.

"On the Distribution of the Output Error Burst Lengths for Viterbi Decoding of Convolutional Codes". Curry, S. J.; Harmon, W. D. "A bound on Viterbi decoder error burst length". Single-error-correcting codes alone can't correct such bursts, so either the convolutional code and the Viterbi decoder must be designed powerful enough to drive down errors to an acceptable rate, or burst error- correcting codes must be used.

Non-Microsoft VC-1 implementations (based entirely on the SMPTE specifications) have been done by Ericsson Television and MainConcept. The FFmpeg project includes a free VC-1 decoder.

MrSID uses selective decoding meaning that the decoder does not have to decode the entire file to view a specific zoom level, image quality or scene for example.

U.S. Reissue Patent No. RE39,080, Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder, to James D. Johnston. Filed: August 13, 2002. Reissue of 05627938 Filed: Sep., 1994 Granted: May.

Licence fee payers from the region were entitled to a 50 euros discount off the price of a digital television decoder or a new, digital-compatible TV set.

As the base S5 encoder and the base S5 decoder are agnostic to the other system components, EMCA-407 represents the common base for all S5 specific standards.

An APNG of an MRI scan of a human head The APNG specification was created in 2004 by Stuart Parmenter and Vladimir Vukićević of the Mozilla Corporation to allow for storing the animations needed for interfaces such as throbbers. In May 2003, Mozilla had scrapped support for MNG animations, which provides a superset of APNG functionality, citing concerns about the large file size required for the expansive MNG decoder library (300 KB); the APNG decoder, built on the back of the PNG decoder, was a much smaller component. Among users and maintainers of the PNG and MNG formats, APNG had a lukewarm reception. In particular, PNG was conceived to be a single-image format.

Many implementations of GCN are typically accompanied by several of AMD's other ASIC blocks. Including but not limited to the Unified Video Decoder, Video Coding Engine, and AMD TrueAudio.

International producers include Technical Itch (UK), Decoder (UK), Fresh (UK), Bad Company (UK), Skynet (UK), Counterstrike (South Africa), Concord Dawn (New Zealand), The Upbeats (New Zealand), and Zardonic (Venezuela).

As a computer, a DTV receiver needs memory to store and manipulates instructions. Most elements within the receiver require memory to perform various tasks: The graphics engine, video decoder...

The microphone was connected to the three audio filters for high, middle, and low pass. The filters latched the logic based decoder and switched one of the ten lamps.

Copy protection technology is not built into other decoders. On 1 July 2011, a version of the same decoder with a 1TB hard drive was launched as My Sky+.

The A2DP test specification (V1.0) contains a reference implementation of the encoder and decoder for the SBC codec. A Linux implementation is available at BlueZ - The Linux Bluetooth stack.

If the received vector has more errors than the code can correct, the decoder may unknowingly produce an apparently valid message that is not the one that was sent.

In 1986, a decoder known as the Berlekamp–Welch algorithm was developed as a decoder that is able to recover the original message polynomial as well as an error "locator" polynomial that produces zeroes for the input values that correspond to errors, with time complexity O(n^3), where n is the number of values in a message. The recovered polynomial is then used to recover (recalculate as needed) the original message.

A video coding format can define optional restrictions to encoded video, called profiles and levels. It is possible to have a decoder which only supports decoding a subset of profiles and levels of a given video format, for example to make the decoder program/hardware smaller, simpler, or faster. A profile restricts which encoding techniques are allowed. For example, the H.264 format includes the profiles baseline, main and high (and others).

Shortly after Slepian–Wolf theorem on lossless distributed compression was published, the extension to lossy compression with decoder side information was proposed as Wyner–Ziv theorem. Similarly to lossless case, two statistically dependent i.i.d. sources X and Y are given, where Y is available at the decoder side but not accessible at the encoder side. Instead of lossless compression in Slepian–Wolf theorem, Wyner–Ziv theorem looked into the lossy compression case.

A DTV receiver will normally contain three separate decoders for converting the digital bit-stream back into a format that can be heard and viewed by the subscriber. A video decoder’’’ It transforms video packets into a sequence of pictures, which are displayed by the TV monitor. An audio decoder’’’ It decompresses the audio bit-stream. Different audio modes are usually supported by the DTV receiver: mono and dual channel, stereo, and joint stereo.

Decoder Ring was formed in 2001, in Sydney, Australia. The original line-up consisted of Tom Schutzinger (Keyboards, drums), Geoff Towner (bass, El Mopa), Pete Kelly (guitar, Sea Life Park), Kenny Davis Jr (keyboards, piano, The Jackson Code, The Blackeyed Susans) & Matt Fitzgerald (keyboards, guitar). This line-up recorded the EP Spooky Action at a Distance (2002) and the album Decoder Ring (2002). Geoff Towner departed in 2003 and was replaced by Ben Ely (Regurgitator).

On October 15, 2005, Decoder Ring Theatre officially left behind the greasepaint and empty chairs of the theatre for the Internet. On August 25, 2006, the first seasons of The Red Panda Adventures, and on September 12, 2006 Black Jack Justice, were made available on separate feeds at Podiobooks.com. In 2010, Decoder Ring Theatre won a Parsec Award for Best Audio Drama (Long Form) and a Podcast Award in the "Arts" category.

The PLRI interface consists of a hardware DTMF decoder, PTT circuit, COS circuit, and 3 auxiliary outputs for use with external circuits. The DTMF decoder circuit uses a MT8870 integrated circuit and a HCF4081 AND-gate integrated circuit. The AND-gate is used to provide a pulsed output to the PC parallel port, rather than the latched output of the MT8870. Auxiliary outputs 1,2,3 are built with NPN/PNP transistor pairs for several reasons.

The signal from the photomultiplier was amplified and sent into the color decoder circuit. The color decoder electrically subtracted the signal from the photomultiplier from the existing color burst signal. This resulted in a phase difference that advanced or retarded the modulation of the single beam. This way even if the beam was advancing too fast or too slow, the index system would adjust the timing on the fly to ensure proper colors were produced.

Scantegrity II ballot and decoder pen. Left: Unmarked optical scan bubble. Right: Marked optical scan bubble revealing confirmation code "FY" The Scantegrity II voting procedure is similar to that of a traditional optical scan voting system, except that each voting response location contains a random confirmation code printed in invisible ink. The voter marks the location using a specially provided "decoder" pen, which activates the invisible ink causing it to darken, revealing a confirmation code.

March traveled to France to record the album Chrominance Decoder with Bertrand Burgalat's label Tricatel.The Daily Vault Music Reviews : Chrominance Decoder Alicia St. Rose February 15, 2000 Tricatel released the album in France and Japan in 1996, along with two singles, "Mignonette" and "Garçon Glaçon", and a promotional video created by Bergalat. Ideal Records released it in America, with the addition of some remixes contributed by The Dust Brothers,"Album Review". 99.5 Cat Country 99.5FM.

In the early months of the attraction's existence, guests were given decoder cards; the cards are now only distributed during special events or when made available. If unable to receive a decoder card, the code is easily solvable as each symbol bears a strong resemblance to its corresponding letter in the English alphabet. The sole exception is the letter I, which, appropriately, resembles an eye. Where the text is painted, vowels appear in red.

A physical implementation of a viterbi decoder will not yield an exact maximum-likelihood stream due to quantization of the input signal, branch and path metrics, and finite traceback length. Practical implementations do approach within 1dB of the ideal. The output of a Viterbi decoder, when decoding a message damaged by an additive gaussian channel, has errors grouped in error bursts. Stefan Host, Rolf Johannesson, Dmitrij K. Zigangirod, Kamil Sh. Zigangirod, and Viktor V. Zyablod.

A free ATSC A/52 (AC3) stream decoder, liba52, is available under the GNU General Public License. FFmpeg and the VLC media player each include code for handling AC-3.

The decoders described in this section use the BCH view of a codeword as a sequence of coefficients. They use a fixed generator polynomial known to both encoder and decoder.

The decoder has provisions for 35 separate functions, and is designed to provide a reliable means of controlling the emissions of the repeaters, beacons and other experiments aboard the spacecraft.

If the recommendation is a word, rank or class, then use existing mathematics to accomplish this mapping [5, Ch. 4]. Otherwise, develop such mathematics for the new kind of decoder.

Locomotive decoders are small electronic circuits fitted inside locomotives to interpret the digital signals and provide individual control. Although all active decoders receive commands, only the addressed decoder will respond.

The encoder performs the function of differentiation; a quantizer precedes the differencing of adjacent quantized samples; the decoder is an accumulator, which if correctly initialized exactly recovers the quantized signal.

The Apple Lossless (ALAC) codec was reverse-engineered and an independent encoder and decoder was released. In 2011, Apple made the original ALAC source code available under the Apache license.

It is merely a DTMF decoder circuit with a simple COS and PTT circuit installed. Version 3 boards also have simple FET switches for the AUX 1,2 and 3 functions.

Also optional are the onboard sound option which features the GTW 2/6 / GTW 2/8 being factory-fitted with Loksound V4.0 sound decoder that can support up to 15 functions.

Because Flexible Macroblock Order FMO extend the concept of slices by allowing non-consecutive macroblocks to belong to the same slice, this section also addresses the decoder complexity introduced by (FMO).

In 2016, StarTimes launched a digital television that supports signal inputs of both terrestrial digital television (DTT) and satellite television (DTH) without a decoder. Africa is going through digital television migration.

265) Video Encoder and Decoder for Professional, Enterprise and Consumer Digital Media Markets. The HEVC Encoder is a software implementation on Intel x86 based platforms, capable of High Definition (HD) broadcast quality video encoding. The Decoder software available on ARM CortexTM-A9 and CortexTM-A15 based SoCs allows a wide range of existing Consumer Electronics (CE) devices such as Smartphones, Tablets, Smart TVs and Set-Top Boxes to play back High Definition (HD) HEVC content. Ittiam's HEVC solutions were showcased at CES 2013, MWC 2013 and NAB2013 On April 3, 2013, ATEME announced the availability of the first open source implementation of a HEVC software player based on the OpenHEVC decoder and GPAC video player which are both licensed under LGPL.

There would be 3 types of set top boxes (STB) planned for use by MYTV, all with approved certification by "DTTV Malaysia". The first one is the trial test decoder, which was distributed to selected households for test transmission (which itself need to return to MYTV and eventually replaced by MYTV Basic STB). There are two standard set-top boxes issued, the first being the "MYTV Basic" decoder to be given to 2 million selected households nationwide for free, while the other is the standard "MYTV Advance" decoder, which is sold for RM299 excluding GST at Pos Malaysia branches and selected electrical stores. CI slots comes as a standard for both set top boxes, which it may be used for pay TV in the future.

The decoder was included in the CD prototype player that was presented to the international press. The error-correcting coder-decoder was abandoned in 1979 in favor of Sony’s superior CIRC code, which became the adopted CD's standard. To commemorate this breakthrough, Philips received an IEEE Milestone Award on March 6, 2009. This breakthrough was also appreciated by Sony and they started a cooperation with Philips that resulted in June 1980 in a common CD system standard.

The core stream can be decoded by any DTS decoder, even if it does not understand the new variant. A decoder which does understand the new variant decodes the core stream, and then modifies it according to the instructions contained in the extension stream. This method allows backward compatibility. DTS's main competitors in multichannel theatrical audio are Dolby Digital and SDDS, although only Dolby Digital and DTS are used on DVDs and implemented in home theater hardware.

This card added 4 speaker surround sound for games, and a hardware Dolby Digital decoder. The six extra phono plugs (sub, center, left rear, right rear, digital in, digital pass- through) and the extra Dolby decoder chips were placed on a second board which connected to the main board via a ribbon cable. The project was dropped in favor of the Sound Blaster Live! cards due to the high expense of such a solution, and the aging ISA interface.

The general decoder can generate up to four micro-ops per cycle, whereas the simple decoders can generate one micro-op each per cycle. Thus, x86 instructions that operate on the memory (e.g., add this register to this location in the memory) can only be processed by the general decoder, as this operation requires a minimum of three micro- ops. Likewise, the simple decoders are limited to instructions that can be translated into one micro-op.

A video codec is software or hardware that compresses and decompresses digital video. In the context of video compression, codec is a portmanteau of encoder and decoder, while a device that only compresses is typically called an encoder, and one that only decompresses is a decoder. The compressed data format usually conforms to a standard video compression specification. The compression is typically lossy, meaning that the compressed video lacks some information present in the original video.

An AAC HE v2 bitstream is obtained by downmixing the stereo audio to mono at the encoder along with 2–3 kbit/s of side info (the Parametric Stereo information) in order to describe the spatial intensity stereo generation and ambience regeneration at the decoder. By having the Parametric Stereo side info along with the mono audio stream, the decoder (player) can regenerate a faithful spatial approximation of the original stereo panorama at very low bitrates.

AMD's SIP core for video acceleration, Unified Video Decoder and Video Coding Engine, are found on all GPUs and are supported by AMD Catalyst and by the open-source Radeon graphics driver.

The codec operates on 8-bit palettized RGB data. The bit-stream format of QuickTime Graphics has been reverse-engineered and a decoder has been implemented in the projects XAnim and libavcodec.

A decoder for WVC1 is included in Windows Media Player 11, which is bundled with Windows Vista and is available as a download for Windows XP. This implementation is supported in Microsoft Silverlight.

MulticoreWare offers the UHDcodeMulticoreWare launches H.265 Encoders and Decoders HEVC video decoder API, available on x86, ARM, Xbox 360 and PS3. It has been OpenCL accelerated and supports HEVC Main/ Main10 profiles.

AMD's SIP core for video acceleration, Unified Video Decoder and Video Coding Engine, are found on all GPUs and supported by AMD Catalyst and by the free and open- source graphics device driver.

The decoders at that time often contained all of the conditional access control data in a microcontroller. This data consisted generally of the decoder's identity, the subscriber's identity number and subscription data. When the decoder was hacked, the whole system was effectively compromised as other subscriber identity data could be substituted and the hackers had control. This security model also more commonly known as the Embedded Secure Processor model as the secure processor, the microcontroller, was embedded in the decoder itself.

Daniel Gorenstein and Neal Zierler developed a decoder that was described in a MIT Lincoln Laboratory report by Zierler in January 1960 and later in a paper in June 1961.D. Gorenstein and N. Zierler, "A class of cyclic linear error-correcting codes in p^m symbols," J. SIAM, vol. 9, pp. 207–214, June 1961 The Gorenstein–Zierler decoder and the related work on BCH codes are described in a book Error Correcting Codes by W. Wesley Peterson (1961).

The Fosgates were audiophile units of rather high expense and limited availability. SQ records could give some quadraphonic effect when played on a QS Regular Matrix decoder, although only accurate decoded playback is via a correctly designed SQ decoder. The word Quadraphonic was often - but not always - used as a synonym to the SQ system. Sometimes the SQ system (and other similar matrix systems) were called Phase Matrix in opposite to QS and similar systems, who were called Regular Matrix.

However, lapses in its security enabled some pirate decryption, modifying a consumer descrambler to receive free programming. Beginning in 1991, programmers began to phase out the VCII system in favor of the more secure Videocipher II Plus (RS) system. The system was fully phased out in 1993. Originally sold as a stand-alone decoder box that consisted of a fully electronic decoder and descrambler module, other satellite system manufacturers began to make their receivers with the GI descrambler module installed.

Track signal is unidirectional and communication from a locomotive back to the system central unit is not possible directly. The system allows an indirect connection, however, to report the locomotive decoder ID number back to the central unit (transponding). Transponder functions require a transponding compatible Selectrix locomotive decoder and track occupancy detector, which in addition to the track block occupancy information, reports also the ID of the locomotive(s), found in the monitored track block, back to the SX bus.

ATI Avivo is a set of hardware and low level software features present on the ATI Radeon R520 family of GPUs and all later ATI Radeon products. ATI Avivo was designed to offload video decoding, encoding, and post-processing from a computer's CPU to a compatible GPU. ATI Avivo compatible GPUs have lower CPU usage when a player and decoder software that support ATI Avivo is used. ATI Avivo has been long superseded by Unified Video Decoder (UVD) and Video Coding Engine (VCE).

Ancillary data may be conveyed from the S5 encoder to the S5 decoder. This ancillary data may be used to encapsulate data other than coding parameters, for example, loudness parameters according to ITU-R or the European Broadcasting Union, which may be used to adjust the perceived level of audio signals. ECMA-407 specifies the base S5 encoder/decoder and their interfaces only. All other components and their interfaces are not specified, as such specific S5 codecs are subject to separate standards.

A disadvantage of the use of 2-channel UHJ is that to obtain a surround effect the listener requires an Ambisonic UHJ decoder. These have traditionally not been widely available, but have become so as plugins on modern PC equipment. However, listeners to a 2-channel UHJ signal without a decoder notice a "super stereo" effect. Because of the inter- channel phase relationships inherent in the encoding scheme, the listener experiences stereo that is often significantly wider than the loudspeakers.

In the case of Quik Call I or a string of DTMF digits, the falsing would have to occur in the exact order required to actuate the decoder. This is much more improbable than falsing in a single tone decoder. In two-tone sequential, tone and voice radio paging, decoders are actuated by decoding one tone and then a second in the proper sequence. Falsing could only occur if the two decoders falsed in a valid sequence within the decoder's time constraints.

Distributed source coding (DSC) is an important problem in information theory and communication. DSC problems regard the compression of multiple correlated information sources that do not communicate with each other."Distributed source coding for sensor networks" by Z. Xiong, A.D. Liveris, and S. Cheng By modeling the correlation between multiple sources at the decoder side together with channel codes, DSC is able to shift the computational complexity from encoder side to decoder side, therefore provide appropriate frameworks for applications with complexity-constrained sender, such as sensor networks and video/multimedia compression (see distributed video coding"Distributed video coding in wireless sensor networks" by Puri, R. Majumdar, A. Ishwar, P. Ramchandran, K. ). One of the main properties of distributed source coding is that the computational burden in encoders is shifted to the joint decoder.

The decoder is further able to decode all other G.722.2 operating modes. G.718 also includes discontinuous transmission mode (DTX) and comfort noise generation (CNG) algorithms that enable bandwidth savings during inactive periods.

VC-1 is supported in the PlayStation 3 console and the FFmpeg project also includes a VC-1 decoder. On August 24, 2012, the Raspberry Pi Foundation announced hardware decoding support for VC-1.

Both Unified Video Decoder (UVD) and Video Coding Engine (VCE) are present on the dies of all products and supported by AMD Catalyst and by the free and open-source graphics device driver#ATI/AMD.

CCDs (Charge-Coupled Devices) read the SDDS data and convert the stream of dots on the film into digital information. This information is pre-processed in the reader and passed on to the SDDS decoder.

At the time, the PGM device was the smallest and cheapest DNA decoder to hit the market. It was able to read 10 million base pairs of DNA in two hours, and sold for $50,000.

The original colour carrier is required by the colour decoder to recreate the colour difference signals. Since the carrier is not transmitted with the video information it has to be generated locally in the receiver.

83, No. 4, pp. 659–680, April 1995. Peter J. Black and Teresa H. Meng, "A 1Gb/s, 4-State, Sliding Block Viterbi Decoder," IEEE Journal of Solid-States Circuits, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp.

A differential encoder A differential decoder A method illustrated above can deal with a data stream inversion (it is called 180° ambiguity). Sometimes it is enough (e.g. if BPSK is used or if other ambiguities are detected by other circuits, such as a Viterbi decoder or a frame synchronizer) and sometimes it isn't. Generally speaking, a differential coding applies to symbols (these are not necessary the same symbols as used in the modulator). To resolve 180° ambiguity only, bits are used as these symbols.

SDK 1.0 supports the Main profile while SDK 2.0, which will be released in Q4 2013, will add support for the Main 10 profile. On June 10, 2013, Vanguard Video announced that support for the Main 10 profile was added to their V.265 professional HEVC encoder. V.265 is the first real time HEVC software encoder to support the Main 10 profile. On June 20, 2013, Imagination Technologies announced their PowerVR Series5 HEVC decoder. The PowerVR D5500 decoder core supports 10-bits per sample video decoding.

A multiple train control system named KATO Digital was introduced in the late 1980s for HO scale model trains. Conceptually it is similar to Digital Command Control (DCC).KATO Digital Although an important milestone for Kato, KATO Digital was not very successful; both the controller units and the decoder modules required for the locomotives were expensive, and locomotives equipped with a KATO Digital decoder could not be used on conventional systems, making it difficult to run one's locomotives on friends' layouts or club layouts.

When dealing with 90° ambiguity, pairs of bits are used, and triplets of bits are used to resolve 45° ambiguity (e.g. in 8PSK). A differential encoder provides the (1) operation, a differential decoder - the (2) operation.

The link was needed to download the program, but texts and software which can be executed locally at the set-top box or IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder) may occur automatically, once the viewer enters the channel.

Modern Selectrix decoders have transponding capability where the decoder ID of a locomotive found in certain track block is reported back to the system. Using transponding function requires Selectrix occupancy detectors with transponder capability in track.

Such systems suffered hue errors and other problems inherent in NTSC and required the addition of a manual hue control. PAL and NTSC have slightly divergent colour spaces, but the colour decoder differences here are ignored.

Viterbi decoding was developed by Andrew J. Viterbi and published in the paper There are both hardware (in modems) and software implementations of a Viterbi decoder. Viterbi decoding is used in the iterative Viterbi decoding algorithm.

However, DTS tracks can be output to devices that have their own decoder, so playback is supported through outputs such as S/PDIF, DisplayPort and HDMI. It has never supported the ability to play Blu-Ray discs.

This solution has two advantages: The first is that strings are not created from syllables that appear only once. The second advantage is that we cannot receive in decoder number of phrase that is not from dictionary.

The one exception is the Am79C940 MAC. The Am7990 chip was fabricated in NMOS technology and has no integrated Manchester encoder/decoder (ENDEC) nor does it have an integrated 10BASE-T transceiver. AMD Am7990 LANCE die shot.

The key innovation of turbo codes is how they use the likelihood data to reconcile differences between the two decoders. Each of the two convolutional decoders generates a hypothesis (with derived likelihoods) for the pattern of m bits in the payload sub-block. The hypothesis bit-patterns are compared, and if they differ, the decoders exchange the derived likelihoods they have for each bit in the hypotheses. Each decoder incorporates the derived likelihood estimates from the other decoder to generate a new hypothesis for the bits in the payload.

If both the A and B logic states change in consecutive AB samples, the quadrature decoder has no way of determining how many increments, or in what direction the encoder has moved. This can happen if the encoder speed is too fast for the decoder to process (i.e., the rate of AB state changes exceeds the quadrature decoder's sampling rate; see Nyquist rate) or if the A or B signal is noisy. In many encoder applications this is a catastrophic event because the counter no longer provides an accurate indication of encoder position.

Information can be transmitted either during the given time interval, or encoded as the presence or absence of a change in the received signal. Significant conditions are recognized by an appropriate device called a receiver, demodulator, or decoder. The decoder translates the actual signal received into its intended logical value such as a binary digit (0 or 1), an alphabetic character, a mark, or a space. Each significant instant is determined when the appropriate device assumes a condition or state usable for performing a specific function, such as recording, processing, or gating.

Some of the most creative usages appeared in analogue satellite receivers. The function of decoding hybrid, time-compressed analogue-digital MAC transmissions into RGB and analogue audio was akin to making a digital receiver out of an analogue one. The D²B pins (10 and 12) were used for communicating with satellite dish positioners and for driving magnetic polarisers, before these became incorporated into LNBs. The daisy-chaining features were used to connect both a Pay TV decoder and a dish positioner/polariser to a single Decoder socket on the receiver.

In a JCT-VC document NTT DoCoMo showed that their HEVC software decoder could decode 3840x2160 at 60 fps using 3 decoding threads on a 2.7 GHz quad core Ivy Bridge CPU. On February 11, 2013, researchers from MIT demonstrated the world's first published HEVC ASIC decoder at the International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) 2013. Their chip was capable of decoding a 3840x2160p at 30 fps video stream in real time, consuming under 0.1W of power. On March 14, 2013, Ittiam Systems Announces Availability and Software Licensing of HEVC (H.

In adaptive coding, the encoder and decoder are instead equipped with a predefined meta-model about how they will alter their models in response to the actual content of the data, and otherwise start with a blank slate, meaning that no initial model needs to be transmitted. As the data is transmitted, both encoder and decoder adapt their models, so that unless the character of the data changes radically, the model becomes better- adapted to the data it is handling and compresses it more efficiently approaching the efficiency of the static coding.

A US tour saw them play shows in Los Angeles and New York City, as well as at the SXSW music festival in Austin, Texas. Upon their return home they played at The Great Escape Festival and Splendour in the Grass, as well as completing a national tour of Australia. In 2007 a short film by Stephen Lance, Yolk, with music by Decoder Ring was screened as part of the Sydney Film Festival. Recently 'Decoder Ring's remix of the song "Yama Yama" featured on an Australian Television advertisement for Tooheys Extra Dry beer.

There is an open-source VHDL code base for a hardware Theora decoder in development. It began as a 2006 Google Summer of Code project, and it has been developed on both the Nios II and LEON processors. However, there are currently no Theora decoder chips in production, and portable media players, smartphones and similar devices with limited computing power rely on such chips to provide efficient playback. But since decoding Theora is less CPU intensive than decoding H.264, the need for hardware-accelerated Theora decoding may be somewhat less.

Each decoder is given a unique running number (address) for the layout, and will not act on commands intended for a different decoder, thus providing independent control of locomotives anywhere on the layout, without special wiring requirements. Power can also be routed to lights, smoke generators, and sound generators. These extra functions can be operated remotely from the DCC controller. Stationary decoders can also receive commands from the controller in a similar way to allow control of turnouts, uncouplers, other operating accessories (such as station announcements) and lights.

Like the models invented before it, the Transformer is an encoder-decoder architecture. The encoder consists of a set of encoding layers that processes the input iteratively one layer after another and the decoder consists of a set of decoding layers that does the same thing to the output of the encoder. The function of each encoder layer is to process its input to generate encodings, containing information about which parts of the inputs are relevant to each other. It passes its set of encodings to the next encoder layer as inputs.

All versions of WMA released since version 9.0 - namely 9.1, 9.2 and 10 - have been backwards compatible with the original v9 decoder and are therefore not considered separate codecs. The sole exception to this is the WMA 10 Professional codec whose Low Bit Rate (LBR) mode is only backwards compatible with the older WMA Professional decoders at half sampling rate (similar to how HE-AAC is backwards compatible with AAC-LC). Full fidelity decoding of WMA 10 Professional LBR bitstreams requires a WMA version 10 or newer decoder.

In a variable-width encoding where all three types of units are disjunct, string searching always works without false positives, and (provided the decoder is well written) the corruption or loss of one unit corrupts only one character.

Decoder Game, which was released on the Android Market in correlation with the film's April 29, 2011 release date. Kanbar Entertainment also produced Lifelines, which was released in 2009 and Seducing Charlie Barker, which was released in 2010.

IP codecs are used to send video or audio signals over an IP network such as the Internet. The initials "IP" here stand for "Internet Protocol", while the term "codec" is short for "encoder/decoder" or "compressor/decompressor".

Palfrey is regarded as an authority about how people use technology, including how they relate to information and engage in politics in emerging digital media such as the Internet."The Decoder," Greg Hanscom, Urbanite Magazine, September 1, 2010 .

When the table is cleared in response to a clear code, both encoder and decoder change the code width after the clear code back to the initial code width, starting with the code immediately following the clear code.

Open- source decoders for JBIG2 are jbig2dec,jbig2dec home page. the java-based jbig2-imageioopen source jbig2 plugin for Java's ImageIO. and the decoder found in versions 2.00 and above of xpdf. An open-source encoder is jbig2enc.

A turbo code with component codes 13, 15.Turbo code Turbo codes get their name because the decoder uses feedback, like a turbo engine. Permutation means the same as the interleaving. C1 and C2 are recursive convolutional codes.

Encoder/decoder overall delay is not defined, which means there is no official provision for gapless playback. However, some encoders such as LAME can attach additional metadata that will allow players that can handle it to deliver seamless playback.

The Auro 11.1 decoder is a firmware based solution compatible with Doremi cinema servers, that activates once the metadata in an Auro 11.1 stream is detected. Once decoded, the media block routes the channels to the AP243D audio processor.

He is an expert in Covert Methods of Entry and has developed many unique forms of bypass, custom tools, including a decoder for Medeco locks, which was the impetus for the book "Open in Thirty Seconds" published in 2008.

An n-dimensional parity scheme is only guaranteed to correct up to n/2 errors, as the minimum distance is (n + 1). As with all block codes, a soft-decision decoder may be able to correct more than this.

In March 2013, the MPEG Licensing Administration dropped an announced assertion of disputed patent claims against VP8 and its successors after the United States Department of Justice started to investigate whether it was acting to unfairly stifle competition. Throughout, Google has worked with hardware vendors to get VP9 support into silicon. In January 2014, Ittiam, in collaboration with ARM and Google, demonstrated its VP9 decoder for ARM Cortex devices. Using GPGPU techniques, the decoder was capable of 1080p at 30fps on an Arndale Board. In early 2015 Nvidia announced VP9 support in its Tegra X1 SoC, and VeriSilicon announced VP9 Profile 2 support in its Hantro G2v2 decoder IP. In April 2015 Google released a significant update to its libvpx library, with version 1.4.0 adding support for 10-bit and 12-bit bit depth, 4:2:2 and 4:4:4 chroma subsampling, and VP9 multithreaded decoding/encoding.

The songs have received much critical attention in both the U.S.Secret Decoder Snappy Little Numbers. and Australia.Sonic Masala review The Knew. The Knew also recorded a Daytrotter Session in 2013, which features previously unreleased songs and different versions of older material.

The type of decoder circuitry is sometimes marked on televisions as CCT (Computer-Controlled Teletext), or ECCT (Enhanced Computer-Controlled Teletext). Besides the hardware implementations, it's also possible to decode Teletext using a PC and video capture or DVB board.

Rockbox also provides support for multicore and asymmetric multiprocessor systems based on ARM, ColdFire, MIPS and SH. Several codecs can be parallelized across 2 CPU cores for increased power efficiency, and the HWCODEC interface allows for dedicated audio decoder DSPs.

This feature would not be unlocked until the release of iOS 11 in 2017. On October 25, 2016, Nvidia released the GeForce GTX 1050Ti (GP107) and GeForce GTX 1050 (GP107), which includes full fixed function HEVC Main10/Main12 hardware decoder.

Orange offers services for video on demand access using the Orange decoder, a computer or a mobile phone. Orange offers free programming from the catalogues of available works of France Television, M6 and TF1 for one week after their initial broadcast.

The album comprised four tracks that had previously only been available on limited release vinyl in the early 1990s, plus six remixes and versions by Photek himself as well as other contemporaries Digital, Peshay & Decoder, Doc Scott, and J Majik.

These shows became legendary and influenced the band image. He played the lead role in the 1984 feature film Klaus Maeck's Decoder, a cyberpunk critique of muzak. In 1988–9 he was part of Alfred 23 Harth's group Vladimir Estragon.

2 Machine reader or scanner. This device reads the encoded data, converting them to alternative form, usually an electrical analog signal. 3 Data decoder. This component transforms the electrical signal into digital data and finally back into the original alphanumeric characters.

It was also used as the basis for the development of MPEG-4 Part 2. MPEG-4 Part 2 is H.263 compatible in the sense that basic "baseline" H.263 bitstreams are correctly decoded by an MPEG-4 Video decoder.

Additionally - particularly in the Detroit market - the method of encryption was quickly discovered and defeated through widespread dissemination of homemade decoder boxes and matching kits with schematics for hobbyists. The encryption technique was to simply eliminate the horizontal hold signal of 15,750 Hz from the video signal to cause the image to begin "tearing" on a normal screen. The decoder box re-injected this same frequency into the video when the box was activated, thus restoring the picture to normal. Electronics enthusiasts discovered that this signal was now being transmitted in the audio as multiplexed stereo.

Adaptive coding refers to variants of entropy encoding methods of lossless data compression. They are particularly suited to streaming data, as they adapt to localized changes in the characteristics of the data, and don't require a first pass over the data to calculate a probability model. The cost paid for these advantages is that the encoder and decoder must be more complex to keep their states synchronized, and more computational power is needed to keep adapting the encoder/decoder state. Almost all data compression methods involve the use of a model, a prediction of the composition of the data.

DTS Neo:6, like Dolby's Pro Logic IIx system, reconstructs 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, or 7.1 sources to 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, and 7.1 channel systems. A 7.1 system's 2 rear speakers are mono. Neo:6 is a multi-band decoder, unlike Dolby Pro Logic II's broadband logic steering, meaning that the decoder can enhance more than one predominant signal at a time — provided each predominant signal lies in a different frequency band than the others. The number of bands steered varies in each Neo:6 implementation, with the first decoders steering in 12 separate bands and later units steering up to 19.

Märklin offered many different decoders and kits to upgrade analog locomotives to digital control. A digital decoder was the basis and many kits also included a permanent magnet and 5 pole armature to upgrade the motor and convert it to DC (such decoders rectify track current to DC for the motor and any accessories, such as lighting or sound). For many years, unlike Digital Command Control, Märklin did not use a plug in connector for the decoder and so conversion involved soldering output wires. Most decoders also provide motor regulation (speed control) with adjustments for acceleration & braking delay (artificial inertia) and maximum speed.

In the current market a cable operator is locked into either Motorola or Scientific Atlanta for 10-20 years when they make the capital investment to use either system for their digital cable operations. With OpenCable a consumer can use an MPEG-2 decoder from either company and the cable company can switch between the system at only the cost of the decryption card for each consumer and the backend costs. The decryption cards will probably license for $10 to $20, much less than the $50 for a simple decoder or $500 for a full featured digital video recorder.

The data compression software for encoding into ALAC files, Apple Lossless Encoder, was introduced into the Mac OS X Core Audio framework on April 28, 2004 together with the QuickTime 6.5.1 update, thus making it available in iTunes since version 4.5 and above, and its replacement, the Music application. The codec is also used in the AirPort and AirPlay implementation. The Apple Lossless Encoder (and decoder) were released as open source software under the Apache License version 2.0 on October 27, 2011; however, an independent reverse-engineered open-source encoder and decoder were already available before the release.

During the time that radio programs were the dominant medium in the United States, some programs advertised "souvenirs" of the various shows, which were sometimes called radio premiums. The first of these were generally cast photographs and the like, but eventually, these evolved into novelties that many children collected. By the 1930s, premiums ranged from rings through pocket novelties to "decoder pins," also called "decoder badges". Most of these were obtained by sending the sponsor's agency a proof of purchase, such as a boxtop or jar's inner seal, and frequently a small amount of cash, such as a dime.

After the Indominus rex escapes on Isla Nublar, the team becomes separated. It is not until later on when the "Dino-Decoder" sends out a signal that the team discovers that Jeannie - a Troodon that the team had been testing the device on - is still alive. As the team sets out on a quest to save her, they discover that InGen still intends to weaponize dinosaurs and that they are intrigued by the "Dino-Decoder" and Jeanie. The adventure moves to an InGen facility in Chile, where conflict breaks out featuring dinosaur-on-dinosaur and dinosaur-on-human battles.

Dream Satellite TV was the first all-digital Direct-To-Home (DTH) television broadcasting service via satellite in the Philippines. Broadcasting from the Dream Broadcast Center located at the Clark Special Economic Zone in Pampanga. Content is received from program providers, compressed and broadcast via Koreasat 5 (Mugunghwa 5) in DVB-S and NTSC color format exclusively to its subscribers using the Integrated Receiver-Decoder and the Conax/Nagravision 3 Encryption System. To receive Dream's broadcasting signals, subscribers must acquire a in diameter satellite dish antenna, an Integrated Receiver-Decoder (IRD) and a Dream Conditional Access Card (Smart Card).

It was also used on first-generation and some second-generation CD-ROM game consoles, such as the Atari Jaguar CD, Sega CD, Sega Saturn, and 3DO. libavcodec includes a Cinepak decoder and an encoder, both licensed under the terms of the LGPL.

In 1975, another improved BCH scheme decoder was developed by Yasuo Sugiyama, based on the extended Euclidean algorithm.Yasuo Sugiyama, Masao Kasahara, Shigeichi Hirasawa, and Toshihiko Namekawa. A method for solving key equation for decoding Goppa codes. Information and Control, 27:87–99, 1975.

The prototype was given the designation X0400.ntrs.nasa.gov (PDF). Another circuit family member is the SBP0401 without the operations register and with an asynchronous operation decoder. Bit slice processor successors from TI were the 8-bit SN74AS888 and the 16-bit SBP9900.

Internal components of the MADM setup. From left to right: packing container, W45 warhead, code-decoder unit, firing unit. Atomic demolition munitions (ADMs), colloquially known as nuclear land mines, are small nuclear explosive devices. ADMs were developed for both military and civilian purposes.

The purpose of the solution was to be a single chip or add-in card that removed the need for separate graphics, audio and modem devices. The MPACT briefly sold as a fully functioning add in card and as a DVD decoder solution.

Tremor by the Xiph.Org Foundation is a fixed-point version of the Vorbis decoder for those platforms without floating point operations. It is a software library that decodes the Vorbis audio format. It is free software released under the New BSD license.

In its quiescent state, Monolog consumes around 180 µA while the monitored telephone line is inactive, rising to a peak of about 6 mA during a call while the DTMF decoder is on during the first 20 to 30 seconds of a call.

FAAC and FAAD2 stand for Freeware Advanced Audio Coder and Decoder 2 respectively. FAAC supports audio object types LC, Main and LTP. FAAD2 supports audio object types LC, Main, LTP, SBR and PS. Although FAAD2 is free software, FAAC is not free software.

Playback difficulties (such as no playback, no audio, or no video) may result from several or legacy file splitters for a particular file format being installed on an operating system. This causes decoder-to-file-splitter mismatch resulting in playback failure on media players.

Six key register of actually pushed keys (K0 K5), which contains values from 00 to 3F. Contains 2 control values. One of them acts as decoder of all 6 values. Second control values is used to decode special key values — CTRL, SHIFT and BREAK.

Earlier tanks incorporated a range safety system to disperse tank propellants if necessary. It included a battery power source, a receiver/decoder, antennas and ordnance. Starting with STS-79 this system was disabled, and was completely removed for STS-88 and all subsequent flights.

A sample of earlier Vocoder. In 1970, Wendy Carlos and Robert Moog built another musical vocoder, a ten-band device inspired by the vocoder designs of Homer Dudley. It was originally called a spectrum encoder-decoder and later referred to simply as a vocoder.

MusicWeb International. Retrieved 2011-07-07. which is equivalent to a form of soundfield microphone, encoded into stereo-compatible 2-channel Ambisonic UHJ Format and released on conventional stereo media. An Ambisonic decoder is required to experience such recordings in their truest, surround-sound, form.

The majority of UTF-16 encoder and decoder implementations do this then when translating between encodings. Windows allows unpaired surrogates in filenames and other places, which generally means they have to be supported by software in spite of their exclusion from the Unicode standard.

Dolby Pro Logic logo In 1987 the decoding technology was updated and renamed Dolby Pro Logic. A Pro Logic decoder/processor "unfolds" the sound into the original 4.0 surround--left and right, center, and a single limited frequency-range (7 kHz low-pass filtered) mono rear channel. A Pro Logic decoder also uses 'Steering Logic', which drives amplifiers, to raise or lower the output volume of each channel based on the current dominant sound direction. For example, while a mono signal is played, the strong correlation to the center channel triggers the output volume of the left, right and surround channels to be lowered.

At the September 12–17, 2013 IBC show in Amsterdam, HEVC was a significant theme – with HEVC technology products being demonstrated by several companies, including Advantech, Allegro DVT, Ateme, Broadcom, Elemental Technologies, Envivio, Ericsson, Fraunhofer HHI, Fujitsu, Haivision, Harmonic, Ittiam, Kontron, Media Excel, NGCodec Inc., NTT-AT, NXP Software, Pace, QuickFire Networks Rovi/Mainconcept, SES, Squid Systems, STMicroelectronics, Tata Elxsi, Technicolor, Telestream, Thomson Video Networks, Vanguard Video, VITEC and VisualOn. On October 16, 2013, the OpenHEVC decoder was added to FFmpeg. On October 23, 2013, Ittiam demonstrated its low power HEVC decoder optimized for ARM Mali™ GPU Compute and ARM® Cortex®-A processor at ARM TechCon 2013.

As early as 1969 engineer and musician Peter Scheiber developed a matrix system very similar to QS.Surround Sound History He also was instrumental in many improvements to SQ (see above) quality, in collaboration with Martin Willcocks and Jim Fosgate. In the early 1970s Sansui introduced the Four Channel Synthesizer Decoder QS-1 and the QSE-1 Encoder based on the QS system in Japan and debuted export to the United States in March 1971. The channel separation was only 3 dB, but because of the human way of hearing it sounded relatively good. In 1973 Sansui introduced the QS Vario Matrix decoder with 20 dB separation in all directions.

The same time, Sky Movies 2 became a time shift channel, screening the same movies as Sky Movies just 2 hours behind. Sky Movies 2 remained a time shift channel until 2013. In 2008 Sky launched the HD service called My Sky HDi, as a result some Sky Movie channels became available in High Definition. To receive Sky Movies channels in HD the Sky subscriber is required to upgrade his or her Sky decoder to a My Sky HDi decoder, the subscriber must also pay a monthly fee for an HD access ticket which allows the subscriber to receive selected Sky channels in High Definition.

With an analogue system, the visual fast-forward/rewind effect was generated simply by transmitting the frames faster and/or in reverse; there was an inevitable loss of frame synchronization or 'tearing' but this was accepted as the norm. With a digital system, it is unlikely that the decoder can process the digital stream significantly faster than normal, and certainly not backwards. Therefore, only a subset of frames can be presented to the decoder. This is made harder by the fact that, in video compression systems such as MPEG-2 and H.264, many frames depend on previous frames for display, and hence cannot be decoded independently.

A bidirectional recurrent neural network, known as an encoder, is used by the neural network to encode a source sentence for a second RNN, known as a decoder, that is used to predict words in the target language. Recurrent neural networks face difficulties in encoding long inputs into a single vector. This can be compensated by an attention mechanism which allows the decoder to focus on different parts of the input while generating each word of the output. There are further Coverage Models addressing the issues in such attention mechanisms, such as ignoring of past alignment information leading to over-translation and under-translation.

For feedback, an occupancy detector based on current consumption on track or a decoder detecting a closed contact can be connected to a SX bus. Because system decoders can share bus addresses thus allowing decoders to control each other directly through bus synchronization, it is, for instance, quite possible to use an occupancy detector to switch a signal to stop position automatically when there is a train in track block protected by the signal. Some Selectrix occupancy detectors are equipped with transponding capability. They report the ID of the locomotive decoder found in a monitored track block back to the system central unit via SX bus.

This same plane-wave assumption makes it possible to vary the distance of speakers within reasonable limits without upsetting the correct function of the decoder, provided that the difference is compensated with delay, the power is adjusted for uniform loudness at the center, and that per-speaker near-field compensation is used. Distance does not affect the decoder matrix. Variable speaker distance is therefore the most important degree of freedom when deploying idealized layouts in actual rooms. It is constrained by the reverberation of the room which leads to uneven direct-to-reverb ratios between speakers at different distances, and the power handling capability of the most distant speaker.

Both features were used as selling points in the early days of Ambisonics, and especially Ambisonic mixing. They helped to overcome a "chicken and egg" situation where record companies were reluctant to release Ambisonic recordings because there were few decoders in the marketplace, while hi-fi manufacturers were unwilling to licence and incorporate Ambisonic UHJ decoders in their equipment because there was not very much mainstream released content. On the one hand, it was worth having a decoder because you could get more out of your existing (stereo) record collection; while on the other it was worth making UHJ recordings because even people without a decoder could gain appreciable benefits.

Cabel Sasser has written that he and Steven Frank had one goal with Audion: "we wanted to listen to our music CDs on our computers while we worked, and we wanted it to be stylish." During Audion's development, MP3 files became a popular means of listening to music on a computer, and Panic licensed an MP3 decoder for incorporation into Audion. Audion was originally conceived as one piece in a set of small applications to be called PanicPack, but time constraints led to the release of Audion 1.0 as standalone application on August 16, 1999. Audion became known for its MP3 decoder, which is reputed to produce sound with superior fidelity.

Hamming codes have a minimum distance of 3, which means that the decoder can detect and correct a single error, but it cannot distinguish a double bit error of some codeword from a single bit error of a different codeword. Thus, some double-bit errors will be incorrectly decoded as if they were single bit errors and therefore go undetected, unless no correction is attempted. To remedy this shortcoming, Hamming codes can be extended by an extra parity bit. This way, it is possible to increase the minimum distance of the Hamming code to 4, which allows the decoder to distinguish between single bit errors and two-bit errors.

This design is intended for a domestic, small room setting. The speakers are equidistant from the listener and lie equally spaced on the circumference of a circle. The simplest Regular Polygon decoder is a Square with the listener in the centre. At least four speakers are required.

The effect was taken into account and exploited in the psychoacoustics of the Fosgate Tate 101A SQ decoder, developed by Jim Fosgate in consultation with Peter Scheiber and Martin Willcocks, to produce much better spatiality and directionality in matrix decoding of 4-2-4 (SQ quadraphonic) audio.

Less significant sub-bands are reduced in accuracy by quantization. This basically involves compressing the frequency range (amplitude of the coefficient), i.e. raising the noise floor. Then computing an amplification factor, for the decoder to use to re-expand each sub-band to the proper frequency range.

According to ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993, Section 2.4.2.3: To provide the smallest possible delay and complexity, the (MPEG audio) decoder is not required to support a continuously variable bit rate when in layer I or II.TwoLAME: MPEG Audio Layer II VBR, retrieved on 2009-07-11.

QuickTime 6 added limited support for MPEG-4; specifically encoding and decoding using Simple Profile (SP). Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) features, like B-frames, were unsupported (in contrast with, for example, encoders such as XviD or 3ivx). QuickTime 7 supports the H.264 encoder and decoder.

This situation changed when Microsoft published the TDS specification in 2008, as part of the Open Specification Promise. The FreeTDS team has developed a free native-library implementation of the TDS protocol, licensed under the LGPL license. WireShark has a protocol decoder for TDS.protocol/tds, Wireshark.

For these codes, n=N,~ d=2,~ w=1 and A(n, d, w) = n. Some of the more notable uses of one-hot codes include biphase mark code uses a 1-of-2 code; pulse-position modulation uses a 1-of-n code; address decoder, etc.

A decoder is required in order to receive the services as well as a monthly fee. Repeaters have been set up across the country that enables more than 77% of the population to receive these services. The multiplex channels (Nova Sports 2–7) are available only through Nova.

They require unusually low bias, and even then only few of them perform on par with quality Type I tapes. A 'type 0', if usable at all, is incompatible with Dolby noise reduction: with Dolby decoder engaged, the tape sounds dull, its poor sensitivity causes severe Dolby mistracking.

In order to subscribe to ZAP's television service a subscriber can use either one of the two available decoders. The "HD+" decodes the encrypted signal, provides an electronic programming guide, high definition image and 5.1 stereo sound. The "HD+DVR" decoder provides the additional functionality of digital video recorder.

On August 20, 2015, Nvidia released the GeForce GTX 950(GM206), which includes full fixed function HEVC Main/Main10 hardware decoder like the GTX 960. On November 10, 2015, Qualcomm Detailed Snapdragon 820 Smartphone SoC which is the first chip in the series to support 4K HEVC 10bit decoding.

Anthony won a toy car, while Nick won a decoder ring. But while Anthony and Nick both won cool toys, Alexander only finds cereal in his box. He did not win any toys in his at all. Alexander resolves that he is going to move away to Australia.

EFMPlus effectively reduces storage requirements by one channel bit per user byte, increasing storage capacity by 1/16 = 6.25%. Decoding of EFMPlus-generated sequences is accomplished by a sliding-block decoder of length two, that is, two consecutive codewords are required to uniquely reconstitute the sequence of input words.

SuperSport is a group of sport television channels carried on DStv and GOtv. It provides sports content in South Africa and many other African countries. All HD channels are aired in 1080i but are downscaled to SD if the subscriber isn't in possession of an HD or Explora decoder.

The DTS audio track, if present, can be selected by the user. Subsequent DVD players now decode DTS natively or pass it through to an external decoder. Nearly all standalone receivers and many integrated DVD player/receivers can decode DTS. A small number of Laserdiscs carry DTS soundtracks.

The FX.25 protocol extension provides an error correction "wrapper" around the AX.25 packet, allowing for removal of errors at the receiving end. Data fields have been carefully chosen to allow reception of the AX.25 packet data within an FX.25 frame by a non-FEC decoder.

Selectrix decoders have an automatic brake function which is activated when a decoder detects an asymmetrical track SX signal (this can be accomplished with a single diode used as a rectifier). This feature can be used to stop trains in front of a red signal automatically, for instance.

The accompanying diagnostic tool opusinfo reports detailed technical information about Opus files, including information on the standard compliance of the bitstream format. It is based on ogginfo from the vorbis-tools and therefore — unlike the encoder and decoder — is available under the terms of version 2 of the GPL.

Obscou proved in Phrack 61 that it is possible to write shellcode that can run successfully after this transformation. Programs that can automatically encode any shellcode into alphanumeric UTF-16-proof shellcode exist, based on the same principle of a small self-modifying decoder that decodes the original shellcode.

In order to receive this DAB service, the subscriber was required to obtain a special decoder, to pay an initiation fee, and subsequent monthly fees.Valenti, Gregory. Digital Audio Broadcasting: An International Perspective on Compact-Disc Quality Radio. 8 Am. U. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 273, 289, 295-7 (1992).

The example encoder in Img. 2. is an 8-state encoder because the 3 registers will create 8 possible encoder states (23). A corresponding decoder trellis will typically use 8 states as well. Recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) codes have become more popular due to their use in Turbo Codes.

DTS audio, when available on a disc, replaced the digital audio tracks; hearing DTS sound required only an S/PDIF compliant digital connection to a DTS decoder. On a DTS disc, digital PCM audio was not available, so if a DTS decoder was also not available, the only option is to fall back to the analog Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks. In some cases, the analog audio tracks were further made unavailable through replacement with supplementary audio such as isolated scores or audio commentary. This effectively reduced playback of a DTS disc on a non-DTS equipped system to mono audio, or in a handful of cases, no film soundtrack at all.

Reed–Solomon codes were developed in 1960 by Irving S. Reed and Gustave Solomon, who were then staff members of MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Their seminal article was titled "Polynomial Codes over Certain Finite Fields". . The original encoding scheme described in the Reed & Solomon article used a variable polynomial based on the message to be encoded where only a fixed set of values (evaluation points) to be encoded are known to encoder and decoder. The original theoretical decoder generated potential polynomials based on subsets of k (unencoded message length) out of n (encoded message length) values of a received message, choosing the most popular polynomial as the correct one, which was impractical for all but the simplest of cases.

In March, Brian Litman, managing co-founder with Uzelac of Advanced Multimedia Products, which by then had been merged into PlayMedia Systems, sent a cease-and-desist letter to Nullsoft, claiming unlawful use of AMP. Nullsoft responded that they had replaced AMP with Nitrane, Nullsoft's proprietary decoder, but Playmedia disputed this. Third- party reviews found that Nitrane had bugs that resulted in playing back MP3s incorrectly, and that this resulted in unstable tones being added to the playback, and undoubtedly therefore violated the ISO standard. This also means that Nitrane was unlikely to have been based on the AMP software, and was more likely evidence of a hastily written MP3 decoder that didn't concern itself with standards compliance.

In digital communications, a turbo equalizer is a type of receiver used to receive a message corrupted by a communication channel with intersymbol interference (ISI). It approaches the performance of a maximum a posteriori (MAP) receiver via iterative message passing between a soft-in soft-out (SISO) equalizer and a SISO decoder. It is related to turbo codes in that a turbo equalizer may be considered a type of iterative decoder if the channel is viewed as a non-redundant convolutional code. The turbo equalizer is different from classic a turbo-like code, however, in that the 'channel code' adds no redundancy and therefore can only be used to remove non-gaussian noise.

On January 5, 2015, ViXS Systems announced the XCode 6800 which is the first SoC to support the Main 12 profile of HEVC. On January 5, 2015, Nvidia officially announced the Tegra X1 SoC with full fixed-function HEVC hardware decoding. On January 22, 2015, Nvidia released the GeForce GTX 960 (GM206), which includes the world's first full fixed function HEVC Main/Main10 hardware decoder in a discrete graphics card. On February 23, 2015, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) announced that their UVD ASIC to be found in the Carrizo APUs would be the first x86 based CPUs to have a HEVC hardware decoder. On February 27, 2015, VLC media player version 2.2.

The Directional Enhancement System, also known as the Tate DES, was an advanced decoder that enhanced the directionality of the basic SQ matrix. It first matrixed the four outputs of the SQ decoder to derive additional signals, then compared their envelopes to detect the predominant direction and degree of dominance. A processor section, implemented outside of the Tate IC chips, applied variable attack/decay timing to the control signals and determined the coefficients of the "B" (Blend) matrices needed to enhance the directionality. These were acted upon by true analog multipliers in the Matrix Multiplier IC's, to multiply the incoming matrix by the "B" matrices and produce outputs in which the directionality of all predominant sounds were enhanced.

The Platform Update for Windows 7 SP1 and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 was released on February 26, 2013 after a pre-release version had been released on November 5, 2012. It is also included with Internet Explorer 10 for Windows 7. It includes enhancements to Direct2D, DirectWrite, Direct3D, Windows Imaging Component (WIC), Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform (WARP), Windows Animation Manager (WAM), XPS Document API, H.264 Video Decoder and JPEG XR decoder. However support for Direct3D 11.1 is limited as the update does not include DXGI/WDDM 1.2 from Windows 8, making unavailable many related APIs and significant features such as stereoscopic frame buffer, feature level 11_1 and optional features for levels 10_0, 10_1 and 11_0.

The Igloo service was provided through DVB-T and was available in areas of New Zealand where Freeview's terrestrial service is available. Customers required an Igloo set top box and UHF aerial to use the Igloo service. Unlike Sky Digital and Sky 's former UHF service customers purchased their decoder from a retailer and the customer owned the equipment, the customer was also responsible for the installation of the equipment including the UHF aerial. Sky subscribers do not own their Sky decoders and are required to return the decoder on cancellation of their service, Sky will also arrange for a technician to install any equipment in the customers home including the satellite dish.

David Hammerton and Cody Brocious have analyzed and decoded this codec without any documents on the format. On March 5, 2005, Hammerton published a simple open source decoder written in the C programming language on the basis of the reverse engineering work. The open source library libavcodec incorporates both a decoder and an encoder for the Apple Lossless format, which means that media players based on that library (including VLC media player and MPlayer, as well as many media center applications for home theater computers, such as Plex, XBMC, and Boxee) are able to play Apple Lossless files. Windows 10 supports ALAC encoding and decoding since 2015, thereby enabling other media players to use it, e.g.

For example, if noise-predictive detection is performed in conjunction with a maximum a posteriori (MAP) detection algorithm such as the BCJR algorithm then NPML and NPML-like detection allow the computation of soft reliability information on individual code symbols, while retaining all the performance advantages associated with noise-predictive techniques. The soft information generated in this manner is used for soft decoding of the error-correcting code. Moreover, the soft information computed by the decoder can be fed back again to the soft detector to improve detection performance. In this way it is possible to iteratively improve the error-rate performance at the decoder output in successive soft detection/decoding rounds.

TATVIK Technologies announced a VP8 decoder that is optimized for the ARM Cortex-A8 processor. Marvell's ARMADA 1500-mini chipset has VP8 SD and HD hardware decoding support (used in Chromecast). Intel has full VP8 decoding support built into their Bay Trail chipsets. Intel Broadwell also adds VP8 hardware decoding support.

This is a list of television networks and stations in Indonesia. For 27 years, Indonesians could only watch one television channel, TVRI. In 1989 the government finally allowed RCTI to broadcast as the first private television station in Indonesia, although only people who have a satellite dish and decoder could watch.

One can implement a simulation environment of polar codes in any programming language such as MATLAB, C++, etc. It typically involves modelling an encoder, a decoder, a channel (such as AWGN, BSC, BEC), and a code- construction module. An example MATLAB implementation is available, including a series of introductory video tutorials.

It can be used in computer based PBX systems such as Asterisk. Sphinx 2 code has also been incorporated into a number of commercial products. It is no longer under active development (other than for routine maintenance). Current real-time decoder development is taking place in the Pocket Sphinx project.

The numbering was abandoned for the second wave, which consisted entirely of repaints. The second wave of figures each included a secret coded message inside the figure card, which required a decoder ring that came packaged with one of the figures. Three vehicles were also produced, along with two small playsets.

Caitra is a translation Computer Assisted Tool, or CAT, developed by the University of Edinburgh. Provided from an online platform, Caitra is based on AJAX Web.2 technologies and the Moses decoder. The web page of the tool is implemented with Ruby on Rails, an open source web framework, and C++.

Decoder Ring Theatre is a Toronto-based theatre and audio production company that runs a podcast of the same name. It consists primarily of two series, Red Panda Adventures and Black Jack Justice, both of which are done in the style of old-time radio, and are released on alternating weeks.

Cine5 was the first subscription-based television channel in Turkey. It aired in an encrypted format and primarily broadcast feature-length movies when it was founded on September 20, 1993. Subscribers were required to buy a decoder to watch the channel. The number of subscribers reached over half a million.

Almost all hardware devices that can play Vorbis, and many software implementations on embedded devices (such as mobile phones) use Tremor or some descendant. Xiph.Org has expressed interest in modifying Tremor into a floating-point version, which would replace the current floating-point reference decoder, after the release of libogg2.

Matrix decoding is an audio technology where a small number of discrete audio channels (e.g., 2) are decoded into a larger number of channels on play back (e.g., 5). The channels are generally, but not always, arranged for transmission or recording by an encoder, and decoded for playback by a decoder.

A number of different digital systems were developed, but Märklin Digital and DCC (Digital Command Control) are the two main systems on the market. The systems are electrically compatible and some controllers can simultaneously control both types of decoder. Märklin offered versions of their original digital system for 2-rail users.

The VC-6 bitstream is defined in the standard. by pseudo code, and a reference decoder has been demonstrated based on that definition. The primary header is the only fixed structure defined by the standard. The secondary header contains marker and sizing information depending on the values in the primary header.

It characterizes the growth rate of the Shannon entropy given by successively finer discretizations of the space. In 2010, Wu and Verdú gave an operational characterization of Rényi information dimension as the fundamental limit of almost lossless data compression for analog sources under various regularity constraints of the encoder/decoder.

The Samsung SGH-M310 is a cellular phone manufactured by Samsung. It was marketed as cheap with elegant shapes. The SGH-M310 mobile phone comes with FM radio, a VGA camera, and a MP3 decoder. The phone was mainly released in Europe and Samsung only lists it in its German site.

9, the LiVES video editor has support for realtime decoding and for encoding to WebM format using ffmpeg libraries. MPC-HC since build SVN 2071 supports WebM playback with internal VP8 decoder based on FFmpeg's code. The full decoding support for WebM is available in MPC-HC since version 1.4.2499.0.

This is a list of episodes of the radio drama series Black Jack Justice by Decoder Ring Theatre. The episodes are divided by season and listed by the release date. Each entry includes the number of the show, its title, a short description of the episode, and its original release date.

If speakers have to be moved very close, care must be taken to ensure they still cover the entire listening area with reasonably flat frequency response. Speaker angles on the other hand should be adhered to as precisely as possible, unless an optimised irregular decoder can be generated in-the-field.

The MP101 is based on the ARM9 Marvell Libertas 88W8510H system-on-a-chip and has 8 MB of DRAM. Netgear licensed the ARM MP3 decoder software for use with the device. The MP101 runs the open-source eCos real-time operating system - Netgear has made the source code available here.

This is a list of the episodes of the radio drama series The Red Panda Adventures by Decoder Ring Theater. The episodes are divided by season and listed by the release date. Each entry includes the number of the show, its title, a short description of the episode, and its original release date.

The booklet guides players through the character creation process, explaining how to create a party. The game also included the 38-page Adventurer's Journal, which provides the game's background. The booklet features depictions of fliers, maps, and information that characters see in the game. The package also included a translation decoder wheel.

Additionally, most DVD players allow users to play audio CDs (CD-DA, MP3, etc.) and Video CDs (VCD). A few include a home cinema decoder (i.e. Dolby Digital, Digital Theater Systems (DTS)). Some newer devices also play videos in the MPEG-4 ASP video compression format (such as DivX) popular in the Internet.

DXVA integrates with Media Foundation and allows DXVA pipelines to be exposed as Media Foundation Transforms (MFTs). Even decoder pipelines or post-processing pipelines can be exposed as MFTs, which can be used by the Media Foundation topology loader to create a full media playback pipeline. DXVA 1.0 is emulated using DXVA 2.0.

One can also use the LAME MP3 encoder to save Audio CD tracks. InfraRecorder is available in a version that will run natively on 64-bit versions of Windows; however, this version doesn't include an Ogg Vorbis decoder or libsnd library due to compilation difficulties with MinGW on the 64-bit Windows platform.

This is considered an important safety feature, as the surface team can monitor the diver's breathing sounds, which can give early warning of problems developing, and confirms that the diver is alive. Helium divers may need a decoder system (unscrambler) which reduces the frequency of the sound to make it more intelligible.

On September 9, 2015 Apple announced the Apple A9 chip, first used in the iPhone 6S, its first processor with a hardware HEVC decoder supporting Main 8 and 10. This feature would not be unlocked until the release of iOS 11 in 2017.Apple has chosen HEVC as its next-generation video codec.

A bitstream format is the format of the data found in a stream of bits used in a digital communication or data storage application. The term typically refers to the data format of the output of an encoder, or the data format of the input to a decoder when using data compression.

G.722.1 is available under a royalty-free license by Polycom Corporation, who owns all rights. Licensees also receive the right to use Polycom's 16 kbit/s decoder extension of G.722.1, as well as G.722.1 Annex C, and Polycom's IP within the new 20 kHz ITU fullband codec, G.719.

ECMA-407 specifies the base S5 encoder and decoder in terms of configuration data, downmix, inverse coding parameter data and upmix. In addition it provides reference and guidance on how to incorporate further components to form a scalable multichannel coding system for audio data compression. S5 conformance is established by its specified dataflows.

Therefore, with some decoding techniques, it may be advisable to consider if and how a reasonably regular lower-order decoder that omits some speakers can be fitted into any higher-order system design. For example, the third-order octagon allows for a perfectly regular first-order square using only every other speaker.

Vorbis is a free and open-source software project headed by the Xiph.Org Foundation. The project produces an audio coding format and software reference encoder/decoder (codec) for lossy audio compression. Vorbis is most commonly used in conjunction with the Ogg container format and it is therefore often referred to as Ogg Vorbis.

In most cases the signal will actually be B-Format, but in the case of 2-channel UHJ there is insufficient information available to be able to reconstruct a true B-Format signal, only something that behaves in a similar way. The information is then passed to an amplitude matrix that develops the speaker feeds, via a set of shelf filters, which improve the accuracy and performance of the decoder in smaller listening environments (they can be omitted in larger-scale applications). Ambisonics was designed to suit actual living rooms and practical speaker positions: most living rooms are rectangular and as a result the basic system was designed to decode to four loudspeakers in a rectangle, with sides between 1:2 (width twice the length) and 2:1 (length twice the width) in length, thus suiting the majority of living rooms. A layout control is generally provided to allow the decoder to be configured for the loudspeaker positions - an important aspect of Ambisonic replay where it differs from other surround systems: the decoder is specifically configured for the size and layout of the speaker array.

Until the passage of the Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990, television captioning was performed by a set-top box manufactured by Sanyo Electric and marketed by the National Captioning Institute (NCI). (At that time a set-top decoder cost about as much as a TV set itself, approximately $200.) Through discussions with the manufacturer it was established that the appropriate circuitry integrated into the television set would be less expensive than the stand-alone box, and Ronald May, then a Sanyo employee, provided the expert witness testimony on behalf of Sanyo and Gallaudet University in support of the passage of the bill. On January 23, 1991, the Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990 was passed by Congress. This Act gave the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) power to enact rules on the implementation of Closed Captioning. This Act required all analog television receivers with screens of at least 13 inches or greater, either sold or manufactured, to have the ability to display closed captioning by July 1, 1993. Also, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed to ensure equal opportunity for persons with disabilities.

When a Dolby Surround soundtrack is created in post production [Dolby MP Matrix], four channels of sound are matrix-encoded into an ordinary stereo (two channel) sound track. The center channel is encoded by placing it equally in the left and right channels minus 3dB; and the surround channel is encoded using phase shift techniques for out of phase information (L-R). The surround channel was often used for ambient background sounds in the original recording, music scores and effects. A Dolby Pro Logic decoder/processor "unfolds" the soundtrack back into its original 4.0 surround--left and right, center, and a single limited frequency-range (7 kHz low-pass filtered) mono rear channel--while systems lacking the decoder play back the audio as standard stereo.

As many multichannel audio programs have high degrees of correlation between individual channels, a coupling channel is typically used. High frequency information which is common among two or more channels is transmitted in a separate channel (one that is not reproduced by a decoder, but only mixed back into the original channels) known as the coupling channel; along with coefficients known as "coupling coordinates" that guide the decoder on how to reconstruct the original channels. Dolby Digital Plus supports a more elaborate version of the coupling tool known as Enhanced Coupling (ECPL). This algorithm, which is considerably more expensive to process (both for encoders and decoders) allows phase information to be included in coupling coordinates, allowing for phase relationships between channels that are coupled to be preserved.

However this is a non-issue for players with internal DTS decoders, such as some DVD-Audio and Blu-ray players; these devices will output a properly decoded audio signal through their analogue ports. Although all compliant DTS decoders support surround configurations of up to 5.1 channels, a DTS ES decoder must be used to fully decode discs with 6.0 or 6.1 channels of audio. DTS ES comes in two flavors: DTS ES Matrix and DTS ES Discrete. Depending on the disc and decoder used the Cs (center surround) channel will either be derived from the Ls and Rs of a conventional 5.1 track via matrix decoding, or exist as a fully discrete digital extension to a 5.0 or 5.1 core.

Though an important milestone, Zero 1 was not widely successful; both the controller units and the decoder modules required for the locomotives and accessories were expensive, but with a clean track and well-serviced locos the system worked more or less as advertised. The Zero 1 system supplied the track with a 20 V square wave at the local mains frequency (50 Hz in the UK, 60 Hz in the US) with a 32-bit control word replacing every third cycle. The decoder module in the locomotive would switch either the positive or the negative half-cycle of the square wave to the motor according to the desired direction of travel. During the transmission of the control word, it would remain switched off.

On December 10, 2009, the judge denied Katzer's motion, concluding that Jacobsen could copyright the selection and ordering of the decoder definition files and could show monetary damages for copyright infringement. In the same ruling, he granted in part and denied in part Jacobsen's motion, finding that Katzer did register the decoderpro.com domain name in bad faith, that Katzer is liable for copyright infringement of the decoder definition files and that Katzer's counterclaim for copyright infringement is barred by the doctrine of laches (damaged argument), and ruled that Jacobsen had a license under an "Implied License" doctrine. The judge did not rule on damages for copyright infringement and determined that the questions of Katzer's knowledge or intent in removing copyright notices are triable issues.

FlashComGuru Forum (2006) Convert on2 to mp3 / flv to mp3? , Page 10, Retrieved on 2009-08-13 In September 2007, a patch based on "nelly2pcm" was sent to FFmpeg multimedia framework development mailinglist.(2007-08-11) FFmpeg-devel - PATCH - NellyMoser audio decoder , Retrieved on 2009-08-12 In October 2007, a patch for decoding Nellymoser audio was added to FFmpeg SVN.NellyMoser decoding support in ffmpeg! , Retrieved on 2009-08-12(2007-10-31) Lair Of The Multimedia Guru - FFmpeg weekly news #2 - October 2007, Retrieved on 2009-08-12(2007-10-15) FFmpeg-devel - PATCH - NellyMoser audio decoder v2 , Retrieved on 2009-08-12 As of December 3, 2008, the open source FFmpeg project has encoding and decoding support for the Nellymoser Asao codec.

CoreAVC was a proprietary codec for decoding the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding) video format. , the decoder is one of the fastest software decoders, but is slower than hardware-based ones.CoreAVC stronger than AVIVO & PureVideo ? (April 2006) CoreAVC supports all H.264 Profiles except for 4:2:2 and 4:4:4.

If ASO across pictures is supported in AVC, serious issues arise: slices from different pictures are interleaved. One possible way to solve these issues is to limit ASO within a picture, i.e. slices from different pictures are not interleaved. However, even if we limit ASO within a picture, the decoder complexity is significantly increased.

Such serializer-plus-8b/10b encoder, and deserializer-plus-decoder blocks are defined in the Gigabit Ethernet specification. Another common coding scheme used with SerDes is 64b/66b encoding. This scheme statistically delivers DC-balance and transitions through the use of a scrambler. Framing is delivered through the deterministic transitions of the added framing bits.

Such serializer-plus-64b/66b encoder and deserializer-plus-decoder blocks are defined in the 10 Gigabit Ethernet specification. The transmit side comprises a 64b/66b encoder, a scrambler, and a gearbox that converts the 66b signal to a 16-bit interface. Another serializer then converts this 16-bit interface into a fully serial signal.

It is available on Fedora with RPM Fusion since Fedora 30. However the decoder library is proprietary, so receiving devices require licenses. On 17 September 2019, the Japan Audio Society (JAS) certified LDAC with their Hi- Res Audio Wireless certification. Currently the only codecs with the Hi-Res Audio Wireless certification are LDAC and LHDC.

Each hardware video GPU capable of XvBA video acceleration requires a X11 software device driver to enable these features. Currently only AMD's ATI Radeon graphics cards hardware that have support for Unified Video Decoder version 2.0 or later (primarily the Radeon HD 4000 series or later) are supported by the proprietary ATI Catalyst device driver.

OMS Video is an open, royalty-free video compression specification that was under development by Sun Microsystems's Open Media Commons as part of the Open Media Stack. It defines a video decoder and the associated bitstream syntax. It is intended for delivery, storage and playback of video streams. It was announced on April 11, 2008.

Another one of Leonard's developments was a system called the Voice Line. It was a combination 4 input remote mixer and studio decoder. The system modulated a carrier at approximately 3 kHz. with the low frequency components 50 Hz-250 Hz at the remote site then demodulated the 3 kHz carrier at the studio end.

Occasionally, shell accounts were offered for low cost on the L0pht.com server to selected individuals; while these individuals had access to the L0pht.com server they were not members of L0pht. One of the first physical products sold for profit by L0pht was a POCSAG decoder kit, which was sold in both kit and assembled form.

On October 17, 2017, Microsoft removed HEVC decoding support from Windows 10 with the Version 1709 Fall Creators Update, making HEVC available instead as a separate, paid download from the Microsoft Store. On November 2, 2017, Nvidia released the GeForce GTX 1070 Ti (GP104), which includes full fixed function HEVC Main10/Main12 hardware decoder.

For general constraints defining which symbols are allowed after a given symbol, the maximal information rate can be obtained by first finding the optimal transition probabilities using maximal entropy random walk, then use entropy coder (with switched encoder with decoder) to encode a message as a sequence of symbols fulfilling the found optimal transition probabilities.

264 DirectShow Filter such as ffdshow and an MP4 Splitter such as Haali are installed, and the extension ;MP4 is added to the Extension List in the Winamp DirectShow decoder configuration. In the spring of 2008, the option to download files in .AVI format was removed. Files were henceforth only available as Flash video or .

Selectrix locomotive decoders have traditionally been quite small in comparison to decoders used in competing systems. For this reason, Selectrix has been a very popular choice in smaller N scale and Z scale model railways. A locomotive decoder has 5 bits reserved for controlling the locomotive speed. This gives 32 speed steps in both directions.

The MediaMVP uses the IBM STB02500, a PowerPC 405 CPU integrated with functionality especially suited for use in set-top boxes, like MPEG2 decoder. The unit has 16MB of SDRAM. It runs on Linux-based firmware. Hauppauge has delivered enhancements and new functionality to the MediaMVP from time to time by releasing updated firmware.

It received 13 Australian Film Institute Awards, the most to date of any film, winning each possible category. Red Carpet Productions also released an award-winning soundtrack album from the film with band/composers Decoder Ring. Anthony Anderson is the producer of Accidents Happen (2009) which had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival.

Starting with version 3.0.0, JPEG compression and decompression has been accelerated using the SIMD extensions present in modern CPUs. Given a reasonable fast server, client, and network, it is possible to play back motion graphics in full screen mode. This can be done without any client side video decoder software or specialized handling of video.

In some cases, a pre-defined pattern of puncturing is used in an encoder. Then, the inverse operation, known as depuncturing, is implemented by the decoder. Puncturing is used in UMTS during the rate matching process. It is also used in Wi-Fi, GPRS and EDGE, as well as in the DVB-T and DRM Standards.

Mill uses a very long instruction word (VLIW)-style encoding to place up to 33 simple operations, a.k.a. opcodes in wide instruction words. These words are not contiguous in memory, but are split into two instruction bundles and placed into two data streams. Each stream is handled by a mostly independent decoder with its own top-level instruction cache.

The author published libPGF via a SourceForge, under the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.0. Xeraina offers a free Photoshop `.8bi` file format plugin, a Win32 console encoder and decoder, and PGF viewers based on WIC for 32bit and 64bit Windows platforms. Other WIC applications including Photo Gallery are able to display PGF images after installing this viewer.

At the temple he finds out that the decoder ring is actually a power source, which makes the strange markings on the walls glow. A large star map is revealed pointing to the Casino Asteroid they visited earlier. Sky police have found John and Skyler and they get separated. John has to find an alternative way to the hangar.

The transponder receives coded or single pulse interrogation from ground stations and transmits a single-pulse reply in the same frequency band. A common antenna is used for receiving and transmitting. The transponder consists of five functional systems: superheterodyne receiver, decoder, modulator, transmitter, and power supply. The duplexer (a 4-port ferromagnetic circulator) provides isolation between receiver and transmitter.

A Trace Vector Decoder (TVD) is computer software that uses the trace facility of its underlying microprocessor to decode encrypted instruction opcodes just- in-time prior to execution and possibly re-encode them afterwards. It can be used to hinder reverse engineering when attempting to prevent software cracking as part of an overall copy protection strategy.

Astro B.yond logo ASTRO launched its own high-definition platform called Astro B.yond on 11 December 2009. Its rollout costed RM200 million, including marketing and operating costs of approximately RM150 million.Astro to launch HDTV services on Friday . Retrieved on 23 December 2009 It introduced a PVR with an external hard disk drive connected to the decoder.

Speech Science Primer: Physiology, acoustics, and perception of speech. Second Edition. Williams & Williams, Baltimore, MD, 1984 speech perception and phonological knowledge. Carol Fowler proposed a direct realism theory of speech perception: listeners perceive gestures not by means of a specialized decoder, as in the motor theory, but because information in the acoustic signal specifies the gestures that form it.

MPEG Audio Decoder (MAD) is a GPL library for decoding files that have been encoded with an MPEG audio codec. It was written by Robert Leslie and produced by Underbit Technologies. It was developed as a new implementation, on the ISO/IEC standards. It consists of libmad, a software library, and madplay, a command-line program for MP3 playback.

The decoder will deduce the motion vector of Direct/Skip Mode coded block from other blocks already decoded. There are two ways to deduce the motion: File:Direct skip.jpg ; Temporal: It uses the block motion vector from List 1 frame, located at the same position to deduce the motion vector. List 1 block uses a List 0 block as reference.

The debut album, Dissection, appeared on Hard Leaders Records in 1998 and went on to receive critical acclaim in the industry. Decoder was also responsible for remixes of tracks such as Photek's "Rings Around Saturn", Adam F's "Dirty Harry" and Alan McGee's "The Chemical Pilot". Beale later went on to form a new band called Kosheen with Markee Ledge .

Most QAM constellations also have \pi/2 phase symmetry. Both of these shortcomings came be overcome by the use of differential coding. In low SNR conditions, the symbol decoder will make errors more frequently. Exclusively using the corner symbols in rectangular constellations or giving them more weight versus lower SNR symbols reduces the impact of low SNR decision errors.

The DivX 10.1 Beta decoder was capable of 210.9 fps at 720p, 101.5 fps at 1080p, and 29.6 fps at 4K. On December 18, 2013, ViXS Systems announced shipments of their XCode (not to be confused with Apple's Xcode IDE for MacOS) 6400 SoC which was the first SoC to support the Main 10 profile of HEVC.

The Unified Video Decoder (UVD) SIP core is present on the dies of the GPUs used in the HD 2400 and the HD 2600 but not of the HD 2900. The HD 2900 introduced the ability to decode video within the 3D engine. This approach also exonerates the CPU from doing these computations, but consumes considerably more electric current.

Such detectors using a soft Viterbi algorithm or BCJR algorithm are essential in iteratively decoding the low-density parity- check code used in modern HDDs. A single integrated circuit contains the entire read and write channels (including the iterative decoder) as well as all the disk control and interface functions. There are currently two suppliers: Broadcom and Marvell.

Other Deflate encoders have been produced, all of which will also produce a compatible bitstream capable of being decompressed by any existing Deflate decoder. Differing implementations will likely produce variations on the final encoded bit-stream produced. The focus with non-zlib versions of an encoder has normally been to produce a more efficiently compressed and smaller encoded stream.

In many cases, they generally offer greater simplicity of implementation over a block code of equal power. The encoder is usually a simple circuit which has state memory and some feedback logic, normally XOR gates. The decoder can be implemented in software or firmware. The Viterbi algorithm is the optimum algorithm used to decode convolutional codes.

A Teletext capable television was usually required to receive Teletext. With the arrival of digital television services such as Freeview, Teletext could be received through a Freeview decoder. In this case captions were normally accessed by subtitle button on a Freeview remote. In December 2012 TVNZ announced the closure of their Teletext service from 3 April 2013.

Black Jack Justice was a podcast radio drama series in the style of old time radio private detective shows, written, directed and produced by Gregg Taylor for Decoder Ring Theatre. It followed two detectives, Jack Justice (voice by Christopher Mott) and his partner Trixie Dixon (voiced by Andrea Lyons), who divided the voice-over narration duties of the show.

DXVA2 implementations come in two variants: native and copy-back. With native implementation, the decoded video stays in GPU memory until it has been displayed. The video decoder must be connected to the video renderer with no intermediary processing filter. The video renderer must also support DXVA, which gives less freedom in the choice of renderers.

IFF-8SVX encoded audio was the default audio format for the Commodore Amiga. Most audio programs for the Amiga supported the format. AmigaOS 3.0 introduced a multimedia framework using the datatype subsystem that included an 8SVX decoder (8SVX.datatype). Many sound editing programs and music tracker programs of the late 1980s and early 1990s supported the format.

DTS is quite similar to PTS, but instead of just handling sequential frames, it contains the proper time-stamps to tell the decoder when to decode and display the next B-frame (types of frames explained below), ahead of its anchor (P- or I-) frame. Without B-frames in the video, PTS and DTS values are identical.

It produces a daily five-minute newscast called Freedom Watch Afghanistan, which also aired on the Pentagon Channel. The station is typically staffed with Air Force broadcasters but also slots Army, Navy and Marine broadcasters as well. For support there is usually a four-man team of engineers to handle all transmission, decoder and satellite issues.

With more intelligent encoders, GOP size is dynamically chosen, up to some pre-selected maximum limit. Limits are placed on the maximum number of frames between I-frames due to decoding complexing, decoder buffer size, recovery time after data errors, seeking ability, and accumulation of IDCT errors in low-precision implementations most common in hardware decoders (See: IEEE-1180).

The RTAudio encoder is capable of encoding single-channel (mono), 16 bit per sample audio signals. The encoder can be configured to operate either in the Narrow Band mode (8 kHz sampling rate) or the Wide Band mode (16 kHz sampling rate). The RTAudio decoder has a built-in jitter control module as well as an error concealment module.

CA have been applied to design error correction codes in a paper by D. Roy Chowdhury, S. Basu, I. Sen Gupta, and P. Pal Chaudhuri. The paper defines a new scheme of building single bit error correction and double bit error detection (SEC-DED) codes using CA, and also reports a fast hardware decoder for the code.

The Blackbird Player supports; renderless publishing, multiple layers, own branding,Digital-Lifestyles.info IBC TV News uses Forscene and FormobileArmy on Everest Mobile page clipping and URL sharing, ability to revoke access and a patented navigation bar. The Blackbird decoder is packaged in libraries for native mobile apps, appletse-consultancy report on Misys and a pure JavaScript player.

The other gate input is from MT8870 pins 11,12,13,14. The output of the HCF4081 (pins 3,4,10,11) connect to the parallel port and provide the pulsed input that IRLP needs. The IRLP software cannot decode the D digit (the bottom right key on a 16-button DTMF dial). This is a limitation of the hardware in the decoder.

Let E() be an encoder for the stochastic noise model and D() be a simple decoder for the same, each of which runs in polynomial time. Furthermore, let both the sender and receiver share some random permutation function \pi and a random pattern R. For encoding: 1\. Let X = E(M). 2\. Let Y = \pi (X) \oplus R. 3\.

BODA video cores decode formats that include H.264/AVC, VC-1, MVC, VP8, H.263, MPEG-4, MPEG-2, RealVideo, and AVS with support in resolutions from D1 through to Full HD (1080p). Among them is the first fully hardware decoder for VP8 that can decode Full HD resolution VP8 streams at 60 frames per second.

The M210 audio decoder enabled Multi-band equalizer, Automatic gain control, 99 db signal-to-noise ratio, and supported over 30 audio codecs including MP3, AAC, AAC+, WMA, AC3, DTS, MIDI with SMAF support, 3D audio, MPEG-4 SLS, FLAC, as well as other 3rd party codecs. Claimed energy efficiency of about 33 mW and featuring integrated power management.

A digital TV converter box A digital television adapter (DTA), commonly known as a converter box or decoder box, is a television tuner that receives a digital television (DTV) transmission, and converts the digital signal into an analog signal that can be received and displayed on an analog television set. Some also have an HDMI output since some TVs with HDMI do not have a digital tuner. The input digital signal may be over-the-air terrestrial television signals received by a television antenna, or signals from a digital cable system. It normally does not refer to satellite TV, which has always required a set-top box either to operate the big satellite dish, or to be the integrated receiver/decoder (IRD) in the case of direct-broadcast satellites (DBS).

This was initially resolved by changing the original scheme to a BCH code like scheme based on a fixed polynomial known to both encoder and decoder, but later, practical decoders based on the original scheme were developed, although slower than the BCH schemes. The result of this is that there are two main types of Reed Solomon codes, ones that use the original encoding scheme, and ones that use the BCH encoding scheme. Also in 1960, a practical fixed polynomial decoder for BCH codes developed by Daniel Gorenstein and Neal Zierler was described in an MIT Lincoln Laboratory report by Zierler in January 1960 and later in a paper in June 1961.D. Gorenstein and N. Zierler, "A class of cyclic linear error-correcting codes in p^m symbols", J. SIAM, vol.

The Directional Enhancement System, also known as the Tate DES, was an advanced decoder for SQ (although it could be made to work with any matrix or kernel system) and enhanced the directionality of the basic SQ matrix. It first matrixed the four outputs of the SQ decoder to derive additional signals, then compared their envelopes to detect the predominant direction and degree of dominance. A processor section, implemented outside of the Tate IC chips, applied variable attack/decay timing to the control signals and determined the coefficients of the "B" (Blend) matrices needed to enhance the directionality. These were acted upon by true analog multipliers in the Matrix Multiplier IC's, to multiply the incoming matrix by the "B" matrices and produce outputs in which the directionality of all predominant sounds were enhanced.

Since this is the point where the encoder increases the code width, the decoder must increase the width here as well—at the point where it generates the largest code that fits in p bits. Unfortunately, some early implementations of the encoding algorithm increase the code width and then emit ω at the new width instead of the old width, so that to the decoder it looks like the width changes one code too early. This is called "early change"; it caused so much confusion that Adobe now allows both versions in PDF files, but includes an explicit flag in the header of each LZW-compressed stream to indicate whether early change is being used. Of the graphics file formats that support LZW compression, TIFF uses early change, while GIF and most others don't.

From 1 November 2009, all Danish television broadcasting became digital with DVB-T and MPEG4 standard. At the time, TV 2 did not encrypt their main channel, but TV 2 ZULU, TV 2 CHARLIE, TV 2 FRI, TV 2 NEWS and TV 2 SPORT are subscription-only channels. Although the main channel had been broadcast terrestrially in the clear ever since the channel was launched, this ended on 11 January 2012 when it was encrypted and required with a monthly subscription charge of 12.50 Danish Kroner required to be paid, along with the purchase or rental of a decoder. In southernmost Sweden and northernmost Germany (where a Danish minority lives), this means significant difficulties for their viewers in Germany and Sweden, as subscribers need a Danish postal address for ordering a decoder card.

An example EXIT chart showing two components "right" and "left" and an example decoding (blue) An extrinsic information transfer chart, commonly called an EXIT chart, is a technique to aid the construction of good iteratively-decoded error-correcting codes (in particular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and Turbo codes). EXIT charts were developed by Stephan ten Brink, building on the concept of extrinsic information developed in the Turbo coding community.Stephan ten Brink, Convergence of Iterative Decoding, Electronics Letters, 35(10), May 1999 An EXIT chart includes the response of elements of decoder (for example a convolutional decoder of a Turbo code, the LDPC parity- check nodes or the LDPC variable nodes). The response can either be seen as extrinsic information or a representation of the messages in belief propagation.

Dummy unit illustrating the design of a BrainGate interface In its current form, BrainGate consists of a sensor implanted in the brain and an external decoder device, which connects to some kind of prosthetic or other external object. The sensor is in the form of a microelectrode array, formerly known as the Utah Array, which consists of 100 hair-thin electrodes that sense the electromagnetic signature of neurons firing in specific areas of the brain, for example, the area that controls arm movement. The sensor translates that activity into electrically charged signals, which are then sent to an external device and decoded in software. The decoder connects to and can use the brain signals to control an external device, such as a robotic arm, a computer cursor, or even a wheelchair.

Each 8×8 block is encoded by first applying a forward discrete cosine transform (FDCT) and then a quantization process. The FDCT process (by itself) is theoretically lossless, and can be reversed by applying an Inverse DCT (IDCT) to reproduce the original values (in the absence of any quantization and rounding errors). In reality, there are some (sometimes large) rounding errors introduced both by quantization in the encoder (as described in the next section) and by IDCT approximation error in the decoder. The minimum allowed accuracy of a decoder IDCT approximation is defined by ISO/IEC 23002-1. (Prior to 2006, it was specified by IEEE 1180-1990.) The FDCT process converts the 8×8 block of uncompressed pixel values (brightness or color difference values) into an 8×8 indexed array of frequency coefficient values.

However, time interleaving is of little benefit in slowly fading channels, such as for stationary reception, and frequency interleaving offers little to no benefit for narrowband channels that suffer from flat-fading (where the whole channel bandwidth fades at the same time). The reason why interleaving is used on OFDM is to attempt to spread the errors out in the bit-stream that is presented to the error correction decoder, because when such decoders are presented with a high concentration of errors the decoder is unable to correct all the bit errors, and a burst of uncorrected errors occurs. A similar design of audio data encoding makes compact disc (CD) playback robust. A classical type of error correction coding used with OFDM-based systems is convolutional coding, often concatenated with Reed-Solomon coding.

Usually, additional interleaving (on top of the time and frequency interleaving mentioned above) in between the two layers of coding is implemented. The choice for Reed-Solomon coding as the outer error correction code is based on the observation that the Viterbi decoder used for inner convolutional decoding produces short error bursts when there is a high concentration of errors, and Reed-Solomon codes are inherently well suited to correcting bursts of errors. Newer systems, however, usually now adopt near-optimal types of error correction codes that use the turbo decoding principle, where the decoder iterates towards the desired solution. Examples of such error correction coding types include turbo codes and LDPC codes, which perform close to the Shannon limit for the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.

The systems manufacturers countered with the Detachable Secure Processor model. In this security model, the decoder itself would not be the critical part of the system. The subscriber identity data and subscription details would be stored in a smartcard - the Detachable Secure Processor. Any compromise of the smartcard could then be countered by issuing a new, more secure, smartcard to subscribers.

The decoder pick is a key which has been adapted such that the height of its notches can be changed, either by screwing them into the blade base or by adjusting them from the handle while the key is in the lock. This will allow not only access to the lock but also a template for cutting a replacement key.

The DCT is widely implemented in digital signal processors (DSP), as well as digital signal processing software. Many companies have developed DSPs based on DCT technology. DCTs are widely used for applications such as encoding, decoding, video, audio, multiplexing, control signals, signaling, and analog-to-digital conversion. DCTs are also commonly used for high-definition television (HDTV) encoder/decoder chips.

Although Dolby Surround was introduced as an analog format, all Dolby Digital decoders incorporate a digitally implemented Dolby Surround Pro Logic decoder for digital stereo signals that carry matrix-encoded Dolby Surround. One of the first was the MSP400 surround sound receiver and amplifier by RCA for their high-end Dimensia brand. It was released in 1987 for the Digital Command Component System.

In October of that year a native VP9 decoder was added to FFmpeg, and to Libav six weeks later. Mozilla added VP9 support to Firefox in March 2014. In 2014 Google added two high bit depth profiles: profile 2 and profile 3. In 2013 an updated version of the WebM format was published, featuring support for VP9 together with Opus audio.

It also showed that the implementation can make a difference, concluding that "ffvp9 beats libvpx consistently by 25–50%". Another decoder comparison indicated 10–40 percent higher CPU load than H.264 (but does not say whether this was with ffvp9 or libvpx), and that on mobile, the Ittiam demo player was about 40 percent faster than the Chrome browser at playing VP9.

The original format was designed for real-time playback on low-end Intel CPUs (i386 and i486), optionally supported by specialized decoder hardware (Intel i750). Decoding complexity was significantly lower than with contemporary MPEG codecs (H.261, MPEG-1 Part 2). The codec was highly asymmetrical, meaning that it took much more computation to encode a video stream than to decode it.

For Adhoc, Neil Lord writes "The sweeping moments of beauty are balanced with stabs of electronic grit: an acrylic portrait of a Cronenberg-esque organism, morphing, half human, half machine." Aftertouches was named one of the best 25 records of the first half of 2015 by Adhoc, and was called "a true masterwork from a still young artist" by Bobby Power in Decoder.

The perceptual computer – Per-C – an instantiation of perceptual computing – has the architecture that is depicted in Fig. 1 [2]–[6]. It consists of three components: encoder, CWW engine and decoder. Perceptions – words – activate the Per-C and are the Per-C output (along with data); so, it is possible for a human to interact with the Per-C using just a vocabulary.

The Unified Video Decoder (UVD) SIP core is on-die in the HD 2400 and the HD 2600. The HD 2900 GPU dice do not have a UVD core, as its stream processors were powerful enough to handle most of the steps of video acceleration in its stead except for entropy decoding and bitstream processing which are left for the CPU to perform.

903 However, he contends that no supranational system with all its twenty subsystems under control of its decider exists today. The absence of a supranational decider precludes the existence of a concrete supranational system. Miller says that studying a supranational system is problematical because its subsystems > ...tend to consist of few components besides the decoder. These systems do > little matter-energy processing.

Each of those concepts are defined as follows: Sender: the originator of message. Encoder: the transmitter which converts the message into signals (the way message is changed into signals, for example sound waves). Channel: the signal carrier or medium Decoder: the reception place of the signal which converts signals into message. Decoding is done by the receiver when he gets the message.

The NTSC Laserdisc format allows for either analog audio only or both analog and digital audio tracks. Laserdiscs encoded with DTS sound replace the LPCM digital audio track with the DTS soundtrack. This soundtrack is output via digital coaxial or optical audio outputs and requires an external decoder to process the bitstream. For PC playback, many software players support the decoding of DTS.

In 1998, the company started shipping digital satellite television equipment for BSkyB. In January 1999, Pace purchased the set top box division of Acorn Computers, and converted it into its office in Cambridge. In the following years, Pace owned the GUI RISC OS, and used technologies based on it in its decoder equipment. The office in Cambridge was closed in March 2003.

Signals, turnouts, uncouplers, lights, and other static accessories may also be fitted with decoders which have their own address range for up to 256 switched devices. Depending on the decoder, either continuous power (lighting) or momentary (signal, uncoupler, turnout) is provided. K83 decoders are for solenoid (momentary) accessories and K84 for lighting (continuous) accessories, each one controlling up to 4 devices.

Decoders are designated mfx and can communicate with the controller, dynamically negotiating an individual address and passing the locomotive description and all available functions to the controller. All control parameters are retained by the decoder in firmware and adjusted using the controller or computer. mfx decoders can also interpret the older Motorola format and so will work with previous central units.

Legacy Control System (Legacy) is Lionel's current electronic control system. It was introduced as a successor to Lionel's Trainmaster Command Control (TMCC) in December 2007. Legacy is backwards compatible with all TMCC decoder equipped engines. Models with Legacy sound decoders and/or Odyssey II speed control can be operated with earlier TMCC control systems but also have additional features only accessible with Legacy.

One solution was to use a 1H analogue delay line to allow decoding of only the odd or even lines. For example, the chrominance on odd lines would be switched directly through to the decoder and also be stored in the delay line. Then, on even lines, the stored odd line would be decoded again. This method effectively converted PAL to NTSC.

Even decoder pipelines or post-processing pipelines can be exposed as MFTs, which can be used by the Media Foundation topology loader to create a full media playback pipeline. DXVA 1.0 is emulated using DXVA 2.0. DXVA 2.0 does not include the COPP DDI, rather it uses PVP for protected content. Windows 7 implements DXVA-HD if the driver complies with WDDM 1.1.

This removes the need to pre-record certain TV shows or films, because viewers can connect the updated decoder to their home broadband and choose stream content from the catalogue of options depending on which channels they subscribe to. This is more akin to on-demand services offered by TVNZ and Netflix, and is designed to give viewers more freedom.

International Components for Unicode treats "ibm-932" and "ibm-942" as aliases for the same decoder. IBM-932 contains 7-bit ISO 646 codes, and Japanese characters are indicated by the high bit of the first byte being set to 1. Some code points in this page require a second byte, so characters use either 8 or 16 bits for encoding.

The reverse of this process, performed by the decoder to reconstruct the picture, is called motion compensation. A predicted macroblock rarely matches the current picture perfectly, however. The differences between the estimated matching area, and the real frame/macroblock is called the prediction error. The larger the amount of prediction error, the more data must be additionally encoded in the frame.

During the early days of WBTI, it signed on at 10:00 a.m. and operated as a general entertainment independent station until 7 p.m. each day. At that time, the station's signal was scrambled as it carried programming from the ONTV service, which provided movies, sports, and live events to viewers through a paid subscription and required a decoder to receive ONTV programs.

AMD Radeon Software is targeted to support all function blocks present on a GPU's or APU's die. Besides IC targeted at rendering, this includes display controllers as well as their SIP blocks to do video decoding, Unified Video Decoder (UVD) and video encoding Video Coding Engine (VCE). The device driver also supports AMD TrueAudio, a SIP block to do sound related calculations.

"April March, Chrominance Decoder". PopMatters, Sarah Zupko Since then, March has recorded as a solo artist, and has appeared on some motion picture soundtracks, as well as performing the theme song for the Cartoon Network series I Am Weasel. Her albums contain songs sung in both English and French, and her style is heavily influenced by French 1960s pop music.

In high school, he was one of the prominent names in media and entertainment in Wesley Grammar School. Lamptey even emerged as the best performing artist in inter-school fiesta back in 2003. He was also one of the best rappers the University of Professional Studies. He has also worked with top producers such as Decoder, Odo Nsuo, Akwaboah, ceedi3gh, and more.

At the New York Metropolitan Museum, four horsemen dressed as 12th-century knights storm the gala opening of an exhibition of Vatican treasures and steal an arcane medieval decoder. Archaeologist Tess Chaykin (Mira Sorvino) and FBI agent Sean Daley (Scott Foley) engage in a chase across three continents in search of the enemy and the lost secret of the Knights Templar.

The digital board contains 7 Integrated Circuits as follows ; U1 = M50734-SP10 Mitsubishi Microprocessor U2 = 74HC373P address latch U3 = CD4060BCN 14-bit asynchronous binary counter U4 = 74HC139N Address decoder U5 = Static RAM (130 kB) U6 = 27C256BQ EPROM U7 = Static RAM (32 kB) In addition to these components are the reverse battery protection diode associated timing circuitry for the Processor and CMOS divider IC.

The receiver in information theory is the receiving end of a communication channel. It receives decoded messages/information from the sender, who first encoded them. Sometimes the receiver is modeled so as to include the decoder. Real-world receivers like radio receivers or telephones can not be expected to receive as much information as predicted by the noisy channel coding theorem.

Those who are not covered by the exceptions may apply for a hardship waiver. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 expanded on the Decoder Circuity Act to place the same requirements on digital television receivers by July 1, 2002. All TV programming distributors in the U.S. are required to provide closed captions for Spanish-language video programming as of January 1, 2010.

9, pp. 207-214, June 1961 The Gorenstein–Zierler decoder and the related work on BCH codes are described in a book Error Correcting Codes by W. Wesley Peterson (1961).Error Correcting Codes by W_Wesley_Peterson, 1961 By 1963 (or possibly earlier), J. J. Stone (and others) recognized that Reed Solomon codes could use the BCH scheme of using a fixed generator polynomial, making such codes a special class of BCH codes,Error Correcting Codes by W_Wesley_Peterson, second edition, 1972 but Reed Solomon codes based on the original encoding scheme, are not a class of BCH codes, and depending on the set of evaluation points, they are not even cyclic codes. In 1969, an improved BCH scheme decoder was developed by Elwyn Berlekamp and James Massey, and has since been known as the Berlekamp–Massey decoding algorithm.

It is understood that polynomial running time here means that running time is polynomial in the final block length. The main idea is that if the inner block length is selected to be logarithmic in the size of the outer code then the decoding algorithm for the inner code may run in exponential time of the inner block length, and we can thus use an exponential-time but optimal maximum likelihood decoder (MLD) for the inner code. In detail, let the input to the decoder be the vector y = (y1, ..., yN) ∈ (An)N. Then the decoding algorithm is a two-step process: # Use the MLD of the inner code Cin to reconstruct a set of inner code words y' = (y'1, ..., y'N), with y'i = MLDCin(yi), 1 ≤ i ≤ N. # Run the unique decoding algorithm for Cout on y'.

In order to access ONTV programming, prospective subscribers were required to pay a monthly subscription fee directly to ONTV corporate parent National Subscription Television, and were assigned a converter box (which included a switch with "OFF" and "ON" settings) which decoded the encrypted signal. The channel's programming was transmitted over-the-air on television stations broadcasting on the UHF band. The decoder box would receive the signal from the broadcast station and subscribers were required to tune their television sets to VHF channel 3 (or, in Phoenix, 4) to view the broadcast (in a manner not unlike the transmission methods used for VCRs or modern cable set-top converters), a technology that was sometimes called a multipoint distribution system. Viewers that did not have a decoder box saw a scrambled, flickering video feed and garbled or substituted audio.

The Red Panda Adventures is a lighthearted radio drama series in the style of old time radio that follows the 1930s adventures of "Canada's greatest superhero", the Red Panda, and his trusty sidekick, that "fearless fighting female", the Flying Squirrel, as they protect the citizens of Toronto, Ontario from villains ranging from gangsters and supervillains to the supernatural forces of darkness. The series was created by Gregg Taylor of Decoder Ring Theatre and earned the company multiple Podcast Award and Parsec Award nominations. In 2010 the series won the Parsec Award for excellence in Speculative Fiction Audio Drama (Long Form), and earned Decoder Ring Theatre the Podcast Award for best podcast in the Cultural/Arts Category. The series has spawned a series of novels written within continuity and in the style of the classic pulp fiction stories of the 1930s and 1940s.

MPEG-4 Part 10 is commonly referred to as H.264 or AVC, and was jointly developed by ITU-T and MPEG. MPEG-4 Part 2 is H.263 compatible in the sense that a basic H.263 bitstream is correctly decoded by an MPEG-4 Video decoder. (MPEG-4 Video decoder is natively capable of decoding a basic form of H.263.) In MPEG-4 Visual, there are two types of video object layers: the video object layer that provides full MPEG-4 functionality, and a reduced functionality video object layer, the video object layer with short headers (which provides bitstream compatibility with base-line H.263). MPEG-4 Part 2 is partially based on ITU-T H.263. The first MPEG-4 Video Verification Model (simulation and test model) used ITU-T H.263 coding tools together with shape coding.

There are three MAD compilers: # Original MAD, the compiler developed in 1959 at the University of Michigan for the IBM 704 and later the IBM 709 and IBM 7090 mainframe computers running the University of Michigan Executive System (UMES) and the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) operating systems.A User's Reference Manual For The Michigan Algorithm Decoder (MAD) For the IBM 7090, Digital Computer Laboratory, Graduate College, University of Illinois, 1962, 221 pagesThe Michigan Algorithm Decoder (The MAD Manual), Bruce W. Arden, Revised Edition 1966 In the mid-1960s MAD was ported at the University of Maryland to the UNIVAC 1108. Versions of MAD were also available for the Philco 210-211 and UNIVAC 1107. # MAD/I, an "extended" version of MAD for the IBM System/360 series of computers running under the Michigan Terminal System (MTS).

On February 11, 2013, researchers from MIT demonstrated the world's first published HEVC ASIC decoder at the International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) 2013. Their chip was capable of decoding a 3840×2160p at 30 fps video stream in real time, consuming under 0.1 W of power. On April 3, 2013, Ateme announced the availability of the first open source implementation of a HEVC software player based on the OpenHEVC decoder and GPAC video player which are both licensed under LGPL. The OpenHEVC decoder supports the Main profile of HEVC and can decode 1080p at 30 fps video using a single core CPU. A live transcoder that supports HEVC and used in combination with the GPAC video player was shown at the ATEME booth at the NAB Show in April 2013. On July 23, 2013, MulticoreWare announced, and made the source code available for the x265 HEVC Encoder Library under the GPL v2 license. On August 8, 2013, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone announced the release of their HEVC-1000 SDK software encoder which supports the Main 10 profile, resolutions up to 7680×4320, and frame rates up to 120 fps. On November 14, 2013, DivX developers released information on HEVC decoding performance using an Intel i7 CPU at 3.5 GHz with 4 cores and 8 threads.

Lop, accessed on 2008/07/24 A Perl script posted online can reportedly decrypt 3wplayer files back into AVI.Mininova Forum: 3wplayer and the like... , accessed on 10/3/07 This claim has been tested with mixed results, as the intended AVI file is rarely the desired video file. Some developers have made an application3WPlayer Decoder, accessed on 2013/11/11 to automatically identify 3wPlayer encrypted files.

It starts broad by seeing what subject the driver is speaking of. Then goes into more details of what the driver is truly asking. The decoder next takes all this information and formulates a response to the driver. IBM states through much experimentation that the speech recognition is very accurate but the process has not fully been refined and still has kinks with in it.

In Germany all public broadcasters (ARD, ZDF, etc) complied with this standard. However, private broadcasters (RTL, Pro Sieben, etc) have shown no interest in either this standard or in the 16:9 format. Pay-per-view channels such as those on Sky often broadcast in 16:9, but use a different standard that requires another kind of decoder. In 2008 Germany switched off analog television broadcast.

In the example ISA outlined above, the `ADD.C` instruction using direct encoding already has the data it needs to run the instruction and no further processing is needed, the decoder simply sends the value into the arithmetic logic unit (ALU). However, if the `ADD.A` instruction is used, the address has to be read, the value at that memory location read, and then the ALU can continue.

Microsoft's Windows Media Player, Windows Media Center and modern video players support PureVideo. Nvidia also sells PureVideo decoder software which can be used with media players which use DirectShow. Systems with dual GPU's either need to configure the codec or run the application on the Nvidia GPU to utilize PureVideo. Media players which use LAV, ffdshow or Microsoft Media Foundation codecs are able to utilize PureVideo capabilities.

To realize this, Lou Ottens, technical director of 'Audio', formed a seven-person project group. Vries and Diepeveen were members of this project group. In March 1974, during an Audio-VLP meeting Peek and Vries recommended a digital audio registration because an error-correcting code could be included. Vries and Diepeveen built an error-correcting coder-decoder that was delivered in the summer of 1978.

The process of communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. The Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver Model of communication separated the model into clear parts and has been expanded upon by other scholars. Communication is usually described along a few major dimensions: message (what type of things are communicated), source/emisor/sender/encoder (from whom), form (in which form), channel (through which medium), destination/receiver/target/decoder (to whom).

A DBox2 The DBox is a DVB satellite and cable digital television integrated receiver decoder (set-top box). They were distributed widely for use with Pay television channels. The DBox-1 was the first DVB-capable receiver to be produced and distributed in large quantity. It was commissioned by the Kirch group's DF1, an early German provider of digital television that later merged with Premiere.

A Brooktree video decoder Brooktree was an American company founded in 1983 by Henry Katzenstein to commercialize a faster hardware architecture for digital to analog converters, three to eight times faster than the converters then on the market. The company was bought out by Rockwell Semiconductor in 1996, which became Conexant () in 1998. 080507 xs4all.nl Brooktree's best-known products included IC chipsets such as the Bt8x8 family.

Nvidia also claims an 8 to 10 times performance increase in PureVideo Feature Set E video decoding due to the video decoder cache paired with increases in memory efficiency. However, H.265 is not supported for full hardware decoding, relying on a mix of hardware and software decoding. When decoding video, a new low power state "GC5" is used on Maxwell GPUs to conserve power.

Every Ogg page begins with the four-byte magic string "OggS". If sync is lost a decoder can look for the next occurrence of this sequence to begin decoding again. These four bytes are followed by a zero byte for Ogg version 0. The version field had originally been intended to allow multiple Ogg page types tuned for different payloads to coexist in the same stream.

The first HZ encoder and decoder were written in 1989 by the code's inventor for the Unix operating system. The program, also for the Unix operating system, was also among the first and one of the most popular HZ decoders. It deviates from the specification in that it will display the escape sequences (i.e., "~{" and "~}"), and it does not treat "~~" and "~" followed by a newline specially.

The Red Ryder Victory Patrol, a club founded in 1942 to encourage people in conservation practices that would help the war effort, was directly inspired by the radio show's popularity. Young listeners could get application cards from their local grocery stores and mail them in. In return there would receive a membership card, a certificate, a secret decoder and a 32-page comic book about "Red Ryder".

Scientists look at a MADM nuclear land mine. Cutaway casing with warhead inside, code-decoder / firing unit is at left. The Special Atomic Demolition Munition (SADM) was a family of man-portable nuclear weapons fielded by the US military in the 1960s, but never used in actual combat. The US Army planned to use the weapons in Europe in the event of a Soviet invasion.

Some May Live, also known as In Saigon Some May Live, is a 1967 British war film directed by Vernon Sewell and starring Peter Cushing, Joseph Cotten and Martha Hyer.It was shot at Twickenham Studios. During the Vietnam War, a security leak in Saigon has to be plugged, when American decoder Kate Meredith is faced with the dilemma of her husband pressuring her to give him information.

The Roslyn is based on the Conexant Blackbird design and uses the CX2388x video decoder. This board was originally available only to OEMs and third-party software vendors such as Frey Technologies (SageTV) and Snapstream (BeyondTV). The board was sold under many names including the PVR-250BTV (Snapstream). This card is known to have color and brightness issues that can be corrected somewhat using registry hacks.

This chip featured a 128-bit memory bus that could access 4/8/16/32/64 MB of RAM, DirectX 6.0 support with multi-textures capability, DVD decoder and an AGP 2x/4x bus to the system. The SiS 300 was manufactured in a 250 nm process and packaged in a 365 pin PBGA. The SiS 301 was packaged in a 100 pin TQFP.

The image transmission came close to studio-quality due to RGB component transmission. Loewe participated in the use of modernized European TV technology by building the first German TV device with internally pluggable D2-MAC decoder, Sat-TV turner and PiP modules. The 16:9 television tubes already enabled a standard resolution of first trial and live broadcasting of the Olympic Games in 1992.

Function decoders without motor control can also be fitted to carriages providing the 5 switched functions to control train lighting and other additional features. They may also be fitted to locomotives lacking the additional switched functions (i.e. c90 equipped locomotives). Function decoders require their own address from the 80 addresses available for locomotives (the address can be shared with another decoder lacking additional functions).

Because the system works in constant speed and is synchronized, decoder response times do not depend on the system load. In this respect, Selectrix differs from competing systems, where the response times slow down drastically when the number of locomotives to control increases. For this reason, Selectrix is very suitable for bigger layouts where several trains are operated at same time and especially for computer-based control.

Controlling a Selectrix locomotive decoder takes one SX address with its eight bits. Therefore, one Selectrix bus can control maximum 112 locomotives simultaneously. If the system central unit is equipped with more than one SX bus, only the first one (SX0) is connected to the track and can be used to control locomotives. In some control throttles, only locomotive addresses 1-99 can be selected.

This causes PTS values in the middle of the video to reset to zero, which then begin incrementing again. Such PTS wraparound disparities can cause timing issues that must be specially handled by the decoder. Decoding Time Stamps (DTS), additionally, are required because of B-frames. With B-frames in the video stream, adjacent frames have to be encoded and decoded out-of-order (re- ordered frames).

Therefore, implementations for a particular profile (such as DivX or Nero Digital which are implementations of Advanced Simple Profile and Xvid that implements both profiles) are all technically identical on the decoder side. A point of comparison would be that an MP3 file can be played in any MP3 player, whether it was created through iTunes, Windows Media Player, LAME or the common Fraunhofer encoder.

64 kbit/s CVSD is one of the options to encode voice signals in telephony-related Bluetooth service profiles; e.g., between mobile phones and wireless headsets. The other options are PCM with logarithmic a-law or μ-law quantization. Numerous arcade games, such as Sinistar and Smash TV, and pinball machines, such as Gorgar or Space Shuttle, play pre-recorded speech through an HC-55516 CVSD decoder.

Opus packets are not self-delimiting, but are designed to be used inside a container of some sort which supplies the decoder with each packet's length. Opus was originally specified for encapsulation in Ogg containers, specified as `audio/ogg; codecs=opus`, and for Ogg Opus files the `.opus` filename extension is recommended. Opus streams are also supported in Matroska, WebM, MPEG-TS, and MP4.

The format and algorithms are openly documented and the reference implementation is published as free software. Xiph's reference implementation is called libopus and a package called opus-tools provides command-line encoder and decoder utilities. It is published under the terms of a BSD-like license. It is written in C and can be compiled for hardware architectures with or without a floating-point unit.

After The Clouds split in 1997, Phillis formed The Dearhunters with Tim Oxley, Raphael Whittingham and Greg Hitchcock. Phillis provided the vocals for the Decoder Ring track "The Night Shift" for their 2002 debut EP Spooky Action at a Distance. 2005 saw Phillis reunite with former Clouds band-mate Trish Young, under the moniker The Girls from the Clouds. Their EP Lalalala was released in early 2006.

A sample implementation of a traceback unit Back-trace unit restores an (almost) maximum-likelihood path from the decisions made by PMU. Since it does it in inverse direction, a viterbi decoder comprises a FILO (first-in-last-out) buffer to reconstruct a correct order. Note that the implementation shown on the image requires double frequency. There are some tricks that eliminate this requirement.

Since stacked rings are somewhat wasteful at higher elevations and necessarily have a hole at the zenith, they have been largely surpassed by hemispherical layouts since mature methods for decoder generation have become available. As they are difficult to rig and require overhead points, hemispheres are usually found either in permanent installations or experimental studios, where expensive and visually intrusive trussing is not an issue.

However, all of the Ether Union members were eventually tracked and arrested, except for Michael. During a confrontation with Michael, Jodie is held as a hostage in an industrial building. When the members of Ether Union were arrested, their utility rings were also confiscated. These rings contained an alarm system as well as a laser decoder that flashed the numbers of a secret account containing vast riches.

Communication is usually described along a few major dimensions: message (what type of things are communicated), source/emissor/sender/encoder (by whom), form (in which form), channel (through which medium), destination/receiver/decoder (to whom). Wilbur Schramm (1954) also indicated that we should also examine the impact that a message has (both desired and undesired) on the target of the message.Schramm, W. (1954). How communication works.

Audio is encoded using an improved modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) algorithm. Channels, objects, and HOA components may be used to transmit immersive sound as well as mono, stereo, or surround sound. The MPEG-H 3D Audio decoder renders the bitstream to a number of standard speaker configurations as well as to misplaced speakers. Binaural rendering of sound for headphone listening is also supported.

A reed receiver or tuned reed receiver (US) was a form of multi-channel signal decoder used for early radio control systems. It uses a simple electromechanical device or 'resonant reed' to demodulate the signal, in effect a receive-only modem. The encoding used is a simple form of frequency shift keying. These decoders appeared in the 1950s and were used into the early 1970s.

The decoder of the reed receiver is based on the 'resonant reed' unit. This comprises a number of vibrating metal reeds, each one having a tuned vibration frequency like a tuning fork. These reeds are manufactured from a single tapered sheet of iron or steel, giving a comb of reeds of varying length. This resembles the comb used to sound musical notes in a music box.

Convolutional codes were introduced in 1955 by Peter Elias. It was thought that convolutional codes could be decoded with arbitrary quality at the expense of computation and delay. In 1967 Andrew Viterbi determined that convolutional codes could be maximum-likelihood decoded with reasonable complexity using time invariant trellis based decoders — the Viterbi algorithm. Other trellis-based decoder algorithms were later developed, including the BCJR decoding algorithm.

The game was bundled with the RealMagic MPEG playback card as a demonstration of the card's abilities to play back full-motion MPEG video via the card's hardware decoder, at the time software MPEG decoding was not viable due to the lack of processing power in contemporary processors. The music was composed by Burke Trieschmann and won Computer Gaming World's Premiere Award for Best Musical Score in 1994.

The two presenters, Jade Gatt and Ryan Lappin, editorialised and presented small variety segments in between cartoons. These short segments included parodies of Rove Live, Gardening Australia, Men in Black and numerous music video re-enactments. On occasion the hosts would interview special guests as well. For a period on The Big Cheez Gatt and Lappin were joined by another presenter, Lenka Kripac (member of Australian band Decoder Ring).

Blencowe's son William Blencowe had been taught by her father, and he in time took on her father's role as the government's decoder of intercepted messages. William took his own life in 1712.T. F. Henderson, ‘Blencowe, William (1683–1712)’, rev. Philip Carter, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2005 accessed 16 Nov 2016 Blencoe died in 1718 and her husband died eight years later.

Live data values are kept in conveniently addressable physical resources (individual registers, register files, static random-access memory (SRAM), or operand forwarding from functional units) and generally not moved for the duration of their belt lifetime. Instruction decoder maps logical belt positions to physical locations. The mapping is updated to reflect the changes of logical position arising from newly dropped results. A patent on the belt was granted in 2016.

It is said to be "irreversible" because it introduces quantization noise that depends on the precision of the decoder. # reversible: a rounded version of the biorthogonal LeGall-Tabatabai (LGT) 5/3 wavelet transform (developed by Didier Le Gall and Ali J. Tabatabai). It uses only integer coefficients, so the output does not require rounding (quantization) and so it does not introduce any quantization noise. It is used in lossless coding.

The original ClearVideo 1.2 decoder driver is still supportedMicrosoft ClearVideo support by Microsoft in Windows Media Player although the encoder is no longer supported. Two firms, Total Multimedia Inc. and Dimension, both claim to own or have the exclusive licence to Iterated's video technology, but neither has yet released a working product. The technology basis appears to be Dimension's U.S. patents 8639053 and 8351509, which have been considerably analyzed.

Since construction of the array began, a few science goals not specifically drawn up for it have been suggested. For example, the Allen Telescope Array has offered to provide the mooncast data downlink for any contestants in the Google Lunar X Prize. This is practical, since the array, with no modifications, covers the main space communications bands (S-band and X-band). A telemetry decoder would be the only needed addition.

The trace vector decodes the machine language code just-in-time before it is executed and re-encrypts it after execution, so that no more than one or two instructions are stored unencrypted into physical memory at any given time. This is called a trace vector decoder and was originally implemented on the Atari ST platform and afterwards copied to early Amiga models, both based on the 68000 architecture.

The 5.1 surround sound is encoded in the stereo wave for transmission and is thus compatible with any mono/stereo/matrix-style receiver. If played on a 5.1 audio set equipped with Neural Surround decoder, the watermarks (i.e. spatial cues) in the waveforms are detected and the signal is recovered to its original 5.1 form. The technology is similar to parametric stereo, in which a mono signal is recovered to stereo.

Whenever the data changes from one address to another address, from an address to a command, or from one command to another command, the data frames must be separated by at least 6 clear zero crossings (or "000000"). The sequence of six zeros resets the device decoder hardware. Later developments (1997) of hardware are improvements of the native X10 hardware. In Europe (2001) for the 230 VAC 50 Hz market.

WMVA was the original implementation of WMV Advanced Profile prior to the acceptance of the VC-1 draft by SMPTE. The codec was distributed with Windows Media Player 10 and Windows Media Format SDK 9.5 install packages. There are slight bitstream differences between WMVA and WVC1, so consequently WMVA is handled by a different DirectShow decoder than WVC1. Some 3rd party hardware and software decoders only decode WMVA based content.

Arthur Grosser is a Canadian actor who was a Professor of Physical Chemistry at McGill University, Montreal. He has done a lot of voice acting work in several animated series as well as in video games such as Splinter Cell and Assassin's Creed. In addition, he is the author of the 1981 book Cookbook Decoder and has had parts in several movies, his latest is the 2013 movie Honeymoon.

Deepfakes rely on a type of neural network called an autoencoder. These consist of an encoder, which reduces an image to a lower dimensional latent space, and a decoder, which reconstructs the image from the latent representation. Deepfakes utilize this architecture by having a universal encoder which encodes a person in to the latent space. The latent representation contains key features about their facial features and body posture.

In 1940, Quaker Puffed Wheat Sparkies became the show's sponsor and brought fictional aviator Captain Sparks to the show. Sparks eventually became the star, relegating Annie to secondary player. The product placement and exploitation of premiums to retain and attract new listeners was notable. Among those items were secret decoders, shake-up mugs for drinking Ovaltine (the show's sponsor product) and secret decoder rings for the Little Orphan Annie secret society.

CAPTAIN MIDNIGHT AND DECODER RINGS, Stephen A. Kallis, Jr. The 1934 fan club's member's handbook included a simple substitution cipher with a resulting numeric cipher text. This was followed the next year with a membership badge or pin that included a cipher disk - enciphering the letters A-Z to numbers 1-26. Announcer Pierre Andre often talked about the virtues of the shows' products, sometimes stretching towards three minutes in length.

LEB128 format is very similar to variable-length quantity format; the primary difference is that LEB128 is little-endian whereas variable-length quantities are big-endian. Both allow small numbers to be stored in a single byte, while also allowing encoding of arbitrarily long numbers. There are 2 versions of LEB128: unsigned LEB128 and signed LEB128. The decoder must know whether the encoded value is unsigned LEB128 or signed LEB128.

Two is the second studio album by Australian recording artist Lenka. It was released on 19 April 2011 in the United States through Epic Records and on 28 February 2011 in Singapore.Amazon.com: Two: Lenka The album was Lenka's second solo album after having been a member of the group Decoder Ring. The first single from the album, "Heart Skips a Beat", was released on 11 February 2011 to little commercial success.

The computational complexity is quite low (18 floating-point MIPS) for an efficient high-quality compressor. The codec operates on 20 ms frames, and the algorithmic delay end-to-end is 40 ms. The encoder input and decoder output are sampled at 48 kHz. In addition to the nominal bit rates of 32, 48 and 64 kbit/s, the G.719 codec has an inherent feature of flexible rate selection.

Loads and ALU ops act on a few topmost registers, and implicit spills and fills act on the bottommost registers. The decoder allows the instruction stream to be compact. But if the code stream instead had explicit register-select fields which directly manipulated the underlying register file, the compiler could make better use of all registers and the program would run faster. Microprogrammed stack machines are an example of this.

The typical implementation works with 8 bit symbols, so the dictionary "codes" for hex 00 to hex FF (decimal 255) are pre-defined. Dictionary entries would be added starting with code value hex 100. Unlike LZ78, if a match is not found (or if the end of data), then only the dictionary code is output. This creates a potential issue since the decoder output is one step behind the dictionary.

Each video- or audio decoder needs information about the used coding parameters, for instance resolution, frame rate and IDR (Random Access Point) repetition rate. In MPEG-4/AVC, mobile TV systems the receiver uses information from the Session Description Protocol File (SDP-File). The SDP-file is a format which describes streaming media initialization parameters. In ATSC-M/H, the SDP-File is transmitted within the SMT-Table.

At current count, there are 6 distinct UHF signals receivable by an analog TV set in the Klang Valley: Channel 27 (8TV), Channel 29 (TV3 UHF transmission), Channel 37 (NTV7), Channel 42 (TV9), Channel 55 (TV Alhijrah) and Channel 39 (WBC). Channel 35 is usually allocated for VCRs, decoder units (i.e. the ASTRO and MiTV set top boxes) and other devices that have an RF signal generator (i.e.

Although WSNS was constantly embroiled in lawsuits related to its late-night adult programming even for several years after the service shut down, nothing ever resulted from its final month of unauthorized back-catalog programming. One of the leftover ON Subscription Television decoder boxes was purchased at an annual ALS Mammouth Music Mart in Skokie in 1990 and was donated to the Museum of Broadcast Communications in Chicago that same year.

The decoder unpacks the individual components from the range coded bitstream, multiplies the band energy to the band shape coefficients and transforms them back (via iMDCT) to PCM data. The individual blocks are rejoined using weighted overlap- add (WOLA). Many parameters are not explicitly coded, but instead reconstructed by using the same functions as the encoder. For the channel coupling CELT may use M/S stereo or intensity stereo.

On February 29, 2012, at the 2012 Mobile World Congress, Qualcomm demonstrated a HEVC decoder running on an Android tablet, with a Qualcomm Snapdragon S4 dual- core processor running at 1.5 GHz, showing H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and HEVC versions of the same video content playing side by side. In this demonstration, HEVC reportedly showed almost a 50% bit rate reduction compared with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC.

In Head-to-Head mode, the players select a level, characters, and game style (time-limited, damage limited, or unending). The Microsoft Windows version allows for online head-to-head play. In the PlayStation and Nintendo 64 versions, upon reaching select stages in single player mode, codes are revealed. These can then be input into the "Cheesy Poofs Decoder" to unlock additional characters for Head-to-Head play.

If there are two components which exchange messages, the behaviour of the decoder can be plotted on a two-dimensional chart. One component is plotted with its input on the horizontal axis and its output on the vertical axis. The other component is plotted with its input on the vertical axis and its output on the horizontal axis. The decoding path followed is found by stepping between the two curves.

By the mid-1980s, Murdoch was looking to use the newly emerging direct satellite broadcasting technology, and to focus primarily on the British market. Rather than paying for the rights to beam Sky's single-channel signal to cable providers, which in turn supplied the channel's programming to subscribers, direct satellite broadcasts presented the opportunity of providing multichannel programming directly to subscribers' homes via small satellite dish and decoder packages.

In this section, we show achievability of the upper bound on the rate from the last section. A codebook, known to both encoder and decoder, is generated by selecting codewords of length n, i.i.d. Gaussian with variance P-\epsilon and mean zero. For large n, the empirical variance of the codebook will be very close to the variance of its distribution, thereby avoiding violation of the power constraint probabilistically.

S5 ("Scalable Sparse Spatial Sound System") is a scalable multichannel coding system, which may incorporate a wide range of base audio codecs, preferably with additional encapsulation capacity for external data, e.g. MPEG-4 or MPEG-D. Compatible bit stream syntax may thus be maintained, and ECMA-407 becomes “invisible” during transmission. An S5 codec can be determined by the functional block diagrams of the S5 encoder and of the S5 decoder.

Charity Navigator uses IRS Forms 990 to rate charities. In February 2017, Charity Navigator launched the Digitized Form 990 Decoder, a free and open-source software dataset and tools to analyze Form 990 filings. At launch, more than 900,000 forms had been processed. Meanwhile Holden Karnofsky of the nonprofit charity evaluator GiveWell has criticized Form 990 for not providing sufficient information about what a charity does or where it operates.

The fundamental principle of ECC is to add redundant bits in order to help the decoder to find out the true message that was encoded by the transmitter. The code-rate of a given ECC system is defined as the ratio between the number of information bits and the total number of bits (i.e. information plus redundancy bits) in a given communication package. The code-rate is hence a real number.

Use of interleaving techniques increases total delay. This is because the entire interleaved block must be received before the packets can be decoded. Also interleavers hide the structure of errors; without an interleaver, more advanced decoding algorithms can take advantage of the error structure and achieve more reliable communication than a simpler decoder combined with an interleaver. An example of such an algorithm is based on neural network structures.

At the same time, a feature of domestic UHJ decoders has been the inclusion of a super stereo feature. This allows conventional stereo signals to be "wrapped around" the listener, using some of the capabilities of the decoder. A control is provided that allows the width to be varied between mono-like and full surround. This provides a useful capability for a listener to get more from their existing stereo collection.

The SPK400 and SPK500, released in 1987, were second generation three-way speaker systems. Also released in 1987 for the second generation Dimensia system and for the Digital Command Component System were the MPA-100 and MPA-120 amplifiers; released to replace the MSA-100 and MSA-200, respectively. In 1987, RCA released the MSP400 for the second-generation Dimensia audio system, an early Dolby Pro Logic surround sound decoder.

The Nuon was a DVD decoding chip from VM Labs that was also a fully programmable CPU with graphics and sound capabilities. The idea was that a manufacturer could use the chip instead of an existing MPEG-2 decoder, thus turning a DVD player into a game console. A year after launch only eight games were available. One game, Iron Soldier 3, was recalled for not being compatible with all systems.

The "subtitle" key in the remote works for LD as well, this is because the DVL-H9 has a built-in LD-G decoder. Laser pickups are identical to -919. Mechanical is similar to -H9 but some parts enhanced with rubber board glued to reduce the vibration. Though it is marketed for in Japan only which uses 100 V utility power, the switch power supply was designed to last 125 VAC.

A Dolby SR card for a multitrack station. First prototype of Dolby SR encoder / decoder, built by Ray Dolby on perfboard. The Dolby SR (Spectral Recording) noise reduction format was developed by Dolby Laboratories and has been in common use in professional audio since 1986 and in cinema audio since the late 1980s. It is a revised version of Dolby's earlier formats, combining aspects of Dolby A, B and C (e.g.

This codec incorporated into a broadcasting system using COFDM modulation was demonstrated on air and in the field with Radio Canada and CRC Canada during the NAB show (Las Vegas) in 1991. The implementation of the audio part of this broadcasting system was based on a two-chips encoder (one for the subband transform, one for the psychoacoustic model designed by the team of G. Stoll (IRT Germany), later known as psychoacoustic model I) and a real time decoder using one Motorola 56001 DSP chip running an integer arithmetics software designed by Y.F. Dehery's team (CCETT, France). The simplicity of the corresponding decoder together with the high audio quality of this codec using for the first time a 48 kHz sampling frequency, a 20 bits/sample input format (the highest available sampling standard in 1991, compatible with the AES/EBU professional digital input studio standard) were the main reasons to later adopt the characteristics of MUSICAM as the basic features for an advanced digital music compression codec.

His "2D DVE for Virtual Studios" won Video R&D; Achievement of the Year at the International Broadcasting Awards 1996, and his hardware implementation of the BBC's patented Transform PAL DecoderJim Easterbrook, The BBC transform PAL decoder, February 2008 has been acclaimed as probably the best PAL decoder in the world.James Insell, From Videotape-based to File-based archives, DCC/LUCAS Workshop, December 2006, Frame 10 In 2008 he developed a technique for recovering the colour from the black-and-white telerecordings of TV programmes, making it possible to restore full colour versions of some programmes for which no conventional colour recordings exist.Mark Nelson, Colour conundrums, Everyday Practical Electronics, September 2008, page 16, ISSN 0262-3617Charles Norton, Unscrambling an army of colours, The Guardian, 11 December 2008, page 3, ISSN 0261-3077 He is featured in the documentary "The Story of Are You Being Served?" talking about his work on the colour restoration process.

Each symbol of the message can then be encoded in turn, by reducing the current range down to just that sub-range which corresponds to the next symbol to be encoded. The decoder must have the same probability estimation the encoder used, which can either be sent in advance, derived from already transferred data or be part of the compressor and decompressor. When all symbols have been encoded, merely identifying the sub-range is enough to communicate the entire message (presuming of course that the decoder is somehow notified when it has extracted the entire message). A single integer is actually sufficient to identify the sub-range, and it may not even be necessary to transmit the entire integer; if there is a sequence of digits such that every integer beginning with that prefix falls within the sub-range, then the prefix alone is all that's needed to identify the sub-range and thus transmit the message.

If variable-width codes are being used, the encoder and decoder must be careful to change the width at the same points in the encoded data so they don't disagree on boundaries between individual codes in the stream. In the standard version, the encoder increases the width from p to p + 1 when a sequence ω + s is encountered that is not in the table (so that a code must be added for it) but the next available code in the table is 2p (the first code requiring p + 1 bits). The encoder emits the code for ω at width p (since that code does not require p + 1 bits), and then increases the code width so that the next code emitted is p + 1 bits wide. The decoder is always one code behind the encoder in building the table, so when it sees the code for ω, it generates an entry for code 2p − 1\.

However it does not support integer operation and integer register file still remain one. Later shadow register file was abandoned in newer design in favor of embedded market. The SPARC uses "Shadow Register File Architecture" as well for its high end line, It had up to 4 copies of integer register files (future, retired, scaled, scratched, each contain 7 read 4 write port) and 2 copies of floating point register file. but unlike Alpha and x86, they are locate in back end as retire unit right after its Out of Order Unit and renaming register files and do not load instruction during instruction fetch and decoding stage and context switch is needless in this design. IBM uses the same mechanism as many major microprocessors, deeply merging the register file with the decoder but its register file are work independently by the decoder side and do not involve context switch, which is different from Alpha and x86.

In listening tests around 96 kbit/s, Opus shows slightly superior quality compared to AAC and significantly better quality compared to Vorbis and MP3. Opus has very low algorithmic delay, a necessity for use as part of a low-audio-latency communication link, which can permit natural conversation, networked music performances, or lip sync at live events. Total algorithmic delay for an audio format is the sum of delays that must be incurred in the encoder and the decoder of a live audio stream regardless of processing speed and transmission speed, such as buffering audio samples into blocks or frames, allowing for window overlap and possibly allowing for noise-shaping look-ahead in a decoder and any other forms of look-ahead, or for an MP3 encoder, the use of bit reservoir. Total one-way latency below 150 ms is the preferred target of most VoIP systems, to enable natural conversation with turn-taking little affected by delay.

108) The output from the counter selects what bit from the multiplexer input should be sent to the output Y, (the inverse of which is sent to the output WN.) If Y is high, then the counter is allowed to increment, otherwise it is not. Likewise, Y must be high to enable YES function outputs since the D input on the decoder is connected to WN, while it must be low to enable the NO function outputs, since the D input on that decoder is set to Y. To perform a jump, you must set the LDN bit on the counter, and the A, B, C and D inputs. LDN tells the counter to load the value on the A, B, C and D inputs. Using some combinational logic, you can load a value into the counter for certain functions but not others, as well as specifying the state address to be loaded, given what function is active.

Basic outline structure of a UHJ decoder.A UHJ decoder, primarily for the 2-channel format, was the original component required for consumer experience of Ambisonics. When the system was first being promoted the push was two-pronged: on the one hand encouraging record companies to endorse the system and release discs (this was, in retrospect, ill-advised: record companies had been burned by quad systems and were not in a mood to endorse anything; and in any case, the people to persuade were engineers, producers and high-profile artists, who could use Ambisonic mixing equipment on sessions at will, just as they had a free rein in using other outboard studio equipment), while on the other hand encouraging hardware manufacturers to sign up as Ambisonic licensees and include decoders in their equipment. Inside a UHJ decoder, the signals are processed in a phase amplitude matrix to recover a set of signals that resembles B-Format.

NTSC DVDs may carry closed captions in data packets of the MPEG-2 video streams inside of the Video-TS folder. Once played out of the analog outputs of a set top DVD player, the caption data is converted to the Line 21 format. They are output by the player to the composite video (or an available RF connector) for a connected TV's built-in decoder or a set-top decoder as usual. They can not be output on S-Video or component video outputs due to the lack of a colorburst signal on line 21. (Actually, regardless of this, if the DVD player is in interlaced rather than progressive mode, closed captioning will be displayed on the TV over component video input if the TV captioning is turned on and set to CC1.) When viewed on a personal computer, caption data can be viewed by software that can read and decode the caption data packets in the MPEG-2 streams of the DVD-Video disc.

Foxtel prevents users from using their subscription card in a third- party decoder, and requires all users to watch the service on a supplied set- top box, included with the subscription, however some users have reported being able to watch certain channels on a computer with a DVB-C card and using sasc-ng to decrypt the video content using card readers to read the decoding keys stored on the card used in Foxtel's iQ.

The 4 channels can still be heard on modern equipment provided that the listener has a proper SQ decoder and 4 channel playback system. The complete 3-LP set was released in Europe in 1975. The first U.S. release was in 1991 as a 2-CD and 2 cassette tape set. It re-issued again on vinyl in the Netherlands and on CD in Japan in 2006 as a 3-CD set.

John fights his way to meet Skyler in an abandoned hangar, from where they take off to the Skyrig headquarters. John infiltrates the headquarters using ventilation shafts and other back doors, avoiding security cameras while sneaking his way towards his boss’ office. Once presence is noticed, he has to fight his way to the office, where he finds the decoder ring that can be used to decipher the strange writings at the alien temple.

VP8 only supports progressive scan video signals with 4:2:0 chroma subsampling and 8 bits per sample. In its first public version, On2's VP8 implementation supports multi-core processors with up to 64 cores simultaneously. At least in the implementation (from August 2011), VP8 is comparatively badly adapted to high resolutions (HD). With only three reference frame buffers needed, VP8 enables for decoder implementations with a relatively small memory footprint.

The definition of non-excludability states that it is impossible to exclude individuals from consumption. Technology now allows radio or TV broadcasts to be encrypted such that persons without a special decoder are excluded from the broadcast. Many forms of information goods have characteristics of public goods. For example, a poem can be read by many people without reducing the consumption of that good by others; in this sense, it is non-rivalrous.

An additional reconstruction loss encourages entities to encode their inputs' instantiation parameters. The final activity vector is then used to reconstruct the input image via a CNN decoder consisting of 3 fully connected layers. The reconstruction minimizes the sum of squared differences between the outputs of the logistic units and the pixel intensities. This reconstruction loss is scaled down by 0.0005 so that it does not dominate the margin loss during training.

In the mid-20th century, a codec was a device that coded analog signals into digital form using pulse-code modulation (PCM). Later, the name was also applied to software for converting between digital signal formats, including compander functions. An audio codec converts analog audio signals into digital signals for transmission or encodes them for storage. A receiving device converts the digital signals back to analog form using an audio decoder for playback.

Ittiam's HEVC decoder has been designed to take advantage of the full capabilities of mobile SoCs, it harnesses the great computational power and energy efficiency of GPUs to reduce the battery drain. On October 29, 2013, Elemental Technologies announced support for real-time 4K HEVC video processing. Elemental provided live video streaming of the 2013 Osaka Marathon on October 27, 2013, in a workflow designed by K-Opticom, a telecommunications operator in Japan.

The shaped-pulse output of the decoder is directed to the modulator which converts it into a high-power, precisely shaped and precisely delayed pulse which is applied to the magnetron to produce the reply pulse. Six telemetry outputs are provided: input signal level, input pulse repetition frequency (PRF), temperature, incident power, reflected power, and reply PRF. Semiconductors are used in all circuitry, with the exception of the local oscillator and magnetron.

This model suggests that conformational changes of the ribosome and tRNA during decoding are means to obtain such an optimal tRNA decoder. The fact that both homologous recombination and tRNA decoding utilize conformational proofreading suggests that this is a generic mechanism that may be utilized broadly by molecular recognition systems. Ribosome uses conformational proofreading for tRNA decoding. main: The curves show the free energy landscape of codon recognition as suggested by experiments.

Autoencoder has been successfully applied to the machine translation of human languages which is usually referred to as neural machine translation (NMT). In NMT, the language texts are treated as sequences to be encoded into the learning procedure, while in the decoder side the target languages will be generated. Recent years also see the application of language specific autoencoders to incorporate the linguistic features into the learning procedure, such as Chinese decomposition features.

UHF's first director was Salvador Pons Muñoz. In its first years, the channel could only be received on Madrid, Zaragoza and Barcelona, cities in which the UHF technology was implemented; it only aired at night and not all TV sets could tune in to. Most TVs couldn't receive UHF broadcasts, so an UHF decoder was needed. As TVE's strategy evolved into turning the first network into a generalist channel, niche programming was moved to UHF.

There is a more powerful panel and television in an upgrade package."In remote Kenyan villages, solar startups bring light", PBS.com, November 22, 2017 M-Kopa 600 comes with a 24-inch flat screen digital TV with a multi-standard decoder supporting both DTH (Dish) and DTT (Aerial), 30W solar panel, TV remote. It includes one solar light with high and low setting, one solar tube light and two phone charging cables.

In validated carving, a decoder is used to detect any errors in recovery of a photo. More advanced forms of validated carving occur when each part of the recovered photo is compared against the rest of the photo to see if it "fits" visually. Validated carving is superb at detecting photos that are either fragmented or have parts over-written or missing. Validated carving alone cannot be used to recover fragmented photos.

First employed by the Bell System in the No. 1 Crossbar in 1938, the marker was a technological descendant of the decoder that was used previously in the panel system. Markers were constructed from hundreds or thousands of relays mounted together in large frames. Different types of markers performed various specialized hard-wired operations. For example, No. 1 Crossbar switches had separate markers for originating and terminating calls, named "Originating Marker", and "Terminating Marker", respectively.

Fans of the adventure games released by Sierra Entertainment in the 1980s such as King's Quest and Space Quest are also familiar with the decoder pen, which was used to reveal the answers to hints in the hints book sold for each game. Eventually these were replaced by a colored translucent plastic window, which eliminated a visually interfering red pattern. Infocom sold similar hint books called "invisiclues" for their interactive fiction games.

The QS matrix technology was used to create the five-channel sound system used for première theater engagements of the 1975 film Tommy. In June 2018 electronic musician Suzanne Ciani released the album LIVE Quadrophonic using the QS Regular Matrix system. A limited edition of 227 boxed set copies were released as a 12 inch 45 RPM phonograph record. The box also includes a hardware QS Regular Matrix decoder for correct playback.

Ross hyperSPARC II CPU die photo The hyperSPARC was a two-way superscalar microprocessor. It had four execution units: an integer unit, a floating-point unit, a load/store unit and a branch unit. The hyperSPARC has an on-die 8 KB instruction cache, from which two instructions were fetched per cycle and decoded. The decoder could not decode new instructions if the previously decoded instructions were not issued to the execution units.

The description above is given for what is now called a serially concatenated code. Turbo codes, as described first in 1993, implemented a parallel concatenation of two convolutional codes, with an interleaver between the two codes and an iterative decoder that passes information forth and back between the codes. This design has a better performance than any previously conceived concatenated codes. However, a key aspect of turbo codes is their iterated decoding approach.

Blocks can be described independent from adjacent frames (Intra-frame); for example to enable a decoder to jump into a running stream. With transform codecs so-called pre- echo artifacts can get audible, because the quantisation error of sharp, energy-heavy sounds (transients) can spread over the entire DCT block and the transient doesn't mask them backward in time as well as forward. With CELT each block can be further divided to thwart such artifacts.

High Television (also known as HiTV) was Entertainment Highway's multi-channel digital satellite television service in Nigeria, launched in 2007. It used Hypercable Digital Terrestrial technology and launched Direct to Home (DTH) Satellite technology on the August 1, 2007. HiTV later broadcast its material only on satellite at the price of N3,500 ($27.73) monthly. It was the first television platform in Africa to deploy Hypercable, a terrestrial pay-per-view TV decoder system.

It is critical that the encoder and decoder agree on the variety of LZW used: the size of the alphabet, the maximum table size (and code width), whether variable-width encoding is used, initial code size, and whether to use the clear and stop codes (and what values they have). Most formats that employ LZW build this information into the format specification or provide explicit fields for them in a compression header for the data.

UD-4 is the process of modulating QMX onto a record with a process similar to CD-4, but also matrix encoded. A BMX decoder could be used to play back UD-4 recordings, but, by adding a special phono cartridge and a specialized UD-4 demodulator, two supplementary channels could be extracted and used to enhance directional resolution. UD-4 systems first encoded the four original channels into four new channels.

During World War III, Stiyl disagrees with Laura as she uses the spare controller she had for Index to fight against Fiamma's controller. Later on Stiyl has to stop a berserk Index by force, keeping her in check until Fiamma was stopped by Touma. ; : : Her sorcery name Intimus115, "Everything I offer to my lost friend". A member of Necessarius and a talented "Decoder", she has dark skin and wears a black Gothic Lolita dress.

The bus-invert encoding technique uses an extra signal (INV) to indicate the "polarity" of the data. Having a bus-invert code word INV@x where @ is the concatenation operator and x denotes either the source word or its ones' complement, the bus-invert decoder takes the code word and produces the corresponding source word. If the INV signal is 1, the result is one's complement of x, otherwise it is x.

By erasing and adding ink in the proper places, the writer can convey just as much information as if the paper were clean, even though the reader does not know where the dirt was. In this analogy, the paper is the channel, the dirt is interference, the writer is the transmitter, and the reader is the receiver. Note that DPC at the encoder is an information- theoretic dual of Wyner-Ziv coding at the decoder.

For tuning into a stream, a burst needs to carry a video frame that allows the decoder to display the video instantaneously, otherwise, the next burst has to be awaited. The position of the bursts is signaled in terms of the relative time difference between two consecutive bursts of the same service. This information is called "delta t". It is transmitted multiple times within a single burst as to provide error redundancy.

Satellite broadcasting switched to digital much earlier than terrestrial broadcasting. The switchover process is much easier for satellite since only changes to the earth station equipment are needed on the transmission side and consumers are already used to having a set top box/decoder. In many places, the satellite switchover was complete before terrestrial switchover was even started. Cable on the other hand would switch off months, if not years after terrestrial would.

From November 2015, Sky started replacing the legacy standard digital decoders and 2005 My Sky decoders with a new digital decoder. The My Sky HDi and My Sky + box software were upgraded to the same system software of these new boxes. The new Sky software had features such as internet capability, search functionality, favourite channels, and a series stack function. The new Sky box is manufactured by Kaon and includes built-in Wi-Fi.

In San Francisco during World War II, Dr. Carl Decker (J. Carrol Naish) is a local Nazi spy leader undercover as an optometrist. While he is walking on the San Francisco waterfront at night, his decoder book and list of West Coast spies are stolen by the waterfront thug, Adolph Mertz. Victor Marlow comes to town, contacts Decker for his next assignment but the message he has is undecipherable without the book.

After the completion of the album, Verhaeghen left Noise Unit for several years. Fulber remained with the band for the next three releases, including the contemporary techno album Decoder in 1995. Verhaeghen resumed his collaboration with Noise Unit for the 1996 album Drill, which also featured members of German industrial band Haujobb. After an eight-year hiatus, Leeb teamed with former Front Line Assembly member Chris Peterson in 2004 to release Voyeur in 2005.

Receivers with Dolby Pro Logic decoders can separate out the center and surround channels from the left and right channels. With the introduction of the DVD, the Dolby Digital format became a standard. Dolby Digital ready receivers included inputs and amplifiers for the additional channels. Most current AV receivers provide a Dolby Digital decoder and at least one digital S/PDIF input which can be connected to a source which provides a Dolby Digital output.

The Drifter was created by Stan Lee and co-developed by Steve Gerber and Taylor Grant. The story revolved around a character called "The Drifter" who can travel through time with the aid of a device called the decoder (which resembled a black semisphere with colored buttons). Viewers of the series were called true believers. A series of twelve animated webisodes were set to stream Sci-Fi's website in 2001, though only one saw release.

A major problem however is the many variations that the very same message can have under diverse physical conditions (speaker or noise, for example). Hence one can have the same EEG signal, but it is uncertain, at least in acoustic terms, what stimulus to map it to. This in turn makes it difficult to train the relevant decoder. This process could instead be approached using higher-order (‘linguistic’) representations of the message.

The Independent JPEG Group (IJG) is an informal group that writes and distributes a widely used free library for JPEG image compression. The IJG is arguably one of the important early open source groups and a major reason why the JPEG image format is a standard. The IJG develops and maintains libjpeg, a library written entirely in C which contains a widely used implementation of a JPEG decoder, JPEG encoder and other JPEG utilities.

There she meets Joe (Worthington), the son of a local farmer, and gradually forms a relationship with him, despite his difficulty in expressing his feelings. He also seems to be unsure of his sexual orientation, despite having better-than-average luck meeting women. The soundtrack is written and performed by Australian band Decoder Ring—their song "Somersault" plays during the end credits. Some scenes were shot at the Ryrie homestead at Michelago, New South Wales.

Joe's own favourite radio show was The Masked Avenger. It made him dream of buying a secret decoder ring. In Joe's fantasy the Masked Avenger looked like a hero, but in reality the voice actor was short and bald. Other radio memories are stories about sporting heroes, news bulletins about World War II, a report of an extraterrestrial invasion, and a live report of the search for a little girl who fell into a well.

Over-the-air digital TV signals do not reach very far outside the city in which they are transmitted. FTA receivers can be used in rural locations as a fairly reliable source of television without subscribing to cable or a major satellite provider. Terrestrial broadcasters use some of the nearly 30 North American satellites to transmit their feeds for internal purposes. These unencrypted feeds can then be received by anyone with the proper decoder.

Until the 1980s, there were not many innovations. In 1985, Edward Sammsel proposed a machine that extracted the cards from the bottom of two deck holders and put them in a second compartment. Another extractor would eject the card that was taken by the dealer. The order in which the two cards were taken from the holders was driven by a logic circuit whose main parts were a counter and a decoder.

On Day 70, Zach chose to nominate Daniele and Dick for eviction, with the hopes of evicting one of them. On Day 71, HouseGuests competed in the "Big Brother Decoder" final Power of Veto competition. For this competition, HouseGuests had to match a clue to a HouseGuest's face that interlocked with another HouseGuest's face. Once that is done, the HouseGuests must twist the knob and match the HouseGuest with the corresponding number.

In coding theory, puncturing is the process of removing some of the parity bits after encoding with an error-correction code. This has the same effect as encoding with an error-correction code with a higher rate, or less redundancy. However, with puncturing the same decoder can be used regardless of how many bits have been punctured, thus puncturing considerably increases the flexibility of the system without significantly increasing its complexity. Short illustration of the puncturing procedure.

The discography of Lenka Kripac, best known as simply Lenka, a singer- songwriter from New South Wales, Australia, consists of five studio albums and eleven singles. This list does not include material released by Decoder Ring, a band in which Lenka was a member before pursuing a solo career. Lenka released her debut self-titled album in 2008. The album's lead single, and Kripac's debut single, was titled "The Show" and remains her most successful single to date.

Currently, no financial assistance schemes have been announced, forcing viewers without proper devices to buy new TVs or STB boxes that receive ISDB broadcasts. Though not clear, it is said that there are also plans to protect all programs with "Copy-Never". The copy protection on ISDB broadcasts can be circumvented with the proper hardware and software.Software B-CAS Conditional Access Module with MULTI2 decoder Brazilian standard ISDB-Tb does not implement this copy protection mechanism.

Likewise, analog TV signals are transmitted with the black and white luminance part as the main signal, and the color chrominance as the subcarriers. A black and white TV simply ignores the extra information, as it has no decoder for it. To reduce the bandwidth of the color subcarriers, they are filtered to remove higher frequencies. This is made possible by the fact that the human eye sees much more detail in contrast than in color.

StarSat services are broadcast via satellite, using the SES-5 satellite at the 5° east orbital position, and 3 of the six 36 MHz transponders in the "Sub Saharan Africa Ku-band" beam providing coverage of the whole sub-Saharan Africa region. Transmissions are in the DVB-S2 MPEG-4 digital TV format with reception using a simple set-top box and with the Combo3 PVR decoder launched in 2011. Conax is used as conditional access system.

H0m gauge is used to represent metre-gauge trains in H0 scale. It runs on TT scale tracks. Modern H0m trains run on realistic-looking two-rail track, which is powered by direct current (varying the voltage applied to the rails to change the speed, and polarity to change direction), or by Digital Command Control (sending commands to a decoder in each locomotive). It is a popular scale in Europe, particularly for trains of Swiss outline.

When the final pick is pushed down, the shear plane is clear and the lock opens. This can usually be accomplished in a matter of seconds. Most tubular lock picks come with a "decoder" which lets the locksmith know at what depths the pins broke the shear plane. By using the decoding key after the lock has been picked, the locksmith can cut a tubular key to the correct pin depths and thus avoid having to replace the lock.

The HEVC MainConcept SDK includes a decoder, encoder, and transport multiplexer for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android. The HEVC MainConcept SDK encoder was demonstrated at the IBC 2012 trade show. On September 9, 2012, ATEME demonstrated at the IBC 2012 trade show a HEVC encoder that encoded video with a resolution of 3840x2160p at 60 fps with an average bit rate of 15 Mbit/s. ATEME is planning to release their HEVC encoder in October 2013.

Designers are not required to use the "natural" sizes of Reed–Solomon code blocks. A technique known as "shortening" can produce a smaller code of any desired size from a larger code. For example, the widely used (255,223) code can be converted to a (160,128) code by padding the unused portion of the source block with 95 binary zeroes and not transmitting them. At the decoder, the same portion of the block is loaded locally with binary zeroes.

GCN 3rd generation was introduced in 2014 with the Radeon R9 285 and R9 M295X, which have the "Tonga" GPU. It features improved tessellation performance, lossless delta color compression in order to reduce memory bandwidth usage, an updated and more efficient instruction set, a new high quality scaler for video, and a new multimedia engine (video encoder/decoder). Delta color compression is supported in Mesa. However, its double precision performance is worse compared to previous generation.

Then, by investigating the unique connection between syndromes and complementary codewords of linear codes, they have translated the major steps of DSC joint decoding into syndrome decoding followed by channel encoding via a linear block code and also via its complement code,"Distributed Source Coding via Linear Block Codes: A General Framework for Multiple Sources" by Xiaomin Cao and Kuijper, M. which theoretically illustrated a method of assembling a DSC joint decoder from linear code encoders and decoders.

On April 8, 2007, BLI combined their website with Precision Craft Models, Inc.. The company expanded its offering in 2007 with the addition of its "Blueline" product line. The Blueline HO-scale train models offer digital sound systems but lack the DCC remote control and sell for about half the price of the company's Paragon series models. The purchaser can add the remote control later with a plug-in decoder module. In 2009, the offered product line expanded again.

In 2010, DVB over IP (Digital Video Broadcast over Internet Protocol) and DStv on Demand services were launched. The HD PVR 2P decoder was launched in the same year and M-NET Movies 1 HD was broadcast for the first time. DStv BoxOffice (a movie on demand service) and DStv Mobile were launched in 2011. In 2013, DStv subscribers across Africa reached 6.7 million, with 4.5 million within South Africa and the Explora PVR was launched.

Canal+ has operations in France,Poland and Myanmar, through its flagship brand Canal+. It is encrypted for most of the day, and viewers who wish to watch the channel's more popular programming (new-release movies and live sport) must subscribe to the service. Previously this involved the hire of a decoder to decrypt the signal, but increasingly Canal+ is being offered as part of a multi-channel satellite or cable television package (known as CanalSat in France.).

WXON discontinued carrying ONTV on March 31, 1983. Unlike most other ONTV affiliates, WXON never carried the service full-time, and continued to run unencrypted entertainment programming for 13 hours per day. The Detroit market also faced challenges from its close proximity to Canada, which had no subscription television services. Canadians who dabbled in electronics soon learned how to manufacture their own decoder boxes and sold them for a flat fee of $75, allowing unlimited access to ONTV's programming.

If the signal disappears into the noise floor in speech pauses and similar cases, the transmission can be limited to signal the output of comfort noise to the decoder. Most settings of the naturally streaming-enabled format can be changed on the fly without interrupting transmission. The format is robust to transmission errors. Loss of whole packets as well as bit errors can be masked with a steady degradation of audio quality (packet loss concealment, PLC).

The initial version of the software was based on XULRunner and the audio management re-used the ZAP Media Kit. The peer to peer layer for on- demand video came from the Joltid company, which also provided the peer to peer layer of Skype. A peer to peer layer for live video was developed from scratch, with a first trial run broadcasting March Madness 2008. The video playback used the CoreCodec, CoreAVC H.264 video decoder.

There are also third-party tools for modifying the wide-screen aspect ratio information in the media file header so that it satisfies decoders which would otherwise fail to interpret this information correctly in an unmodified MOD file. Some tools such as MediaInfo can correctly report the aspect ratio of widescreen MOD files, but media players may or may not display them correctly depending on the capabilities of the video decoder that they are utilizing at the time.

Triangles do not work, exhibiting large "holes" between the speakers. Regular Hexagons perform better than Squares especially to the sides. For the simplest (two dimensional) case (no height information), and spacing the loudspeakers equally in a circle, we derive the loudspeaker signals from the B-format W, X and Y channels: :P_n = W + X \cos\theta_n + Y \sin\theta_n where \theta_n is the direction of the speaker under consideration. The most useful of these is the Square 4.0 decoder.

CW Skimmer is a multi-channel Morse code (CW) decoder and analyzer program for Microsoft Windows. It was created by Alex Shovkoplyas, VE3NEA, and is marketed by Afreet Software, Inc. CW Skimmer uses a sensitive CW decoding algorithm based on the methods of Bayesian statistics, which allows simultaneous decoding of all CW signals in the receiver passband. The call signs are extracted from the decoded messages and displayed next to the signal traces on the waterfall.

Antiope was only a little more complicated, the relevant attributes for each character position (about 13 bits, or a few more if further additional fonts were in use) being stored in a separate memory page in the decoder, distinct from the memory page used for the characters. This flexibility of Antiope provided a foundation on which multilingual and multialphabetic systems were developed, and also systems using dynamically redefinable character sets (DRCS), especially in variants delivered over the telephone (videotex).

The disguise taken off the "William in Question", reveals the man is William of Orange. In 1702, he died when he was flown from his horse, after it tripped over a molehill. Also, the made-up telephone number (4 26 843 6653) of the phony bar spells out "I AM THE MOLE", after using a keypad as a decoder. Episode 7 Monologue: David said he thought there were clues in the intros during the computer tests.

No complete natural language specification of the compressed format seems to exist, other than the one attempted in the following text. The description below is based on the compact XZ Embedded decoder by Lasse Collin included in the Linux kernel source from which the LZMA and LZMA2 algorithm details can be relatively easily deduced: thus, while citing source code as reference isn't ideal, any programmer should be able to check the claims below with a few hours of work.

Since version 9 of Microsoft's Windows Media Player (WMP) HDCD enabled CDs can be played on personal computers fitted with a 24-bit sound card. With some HDCD discs and some DVD players using WMP, the first track may not be recognized as HDCD, but all subsequent tracks are. This is because HDCD has a control signal, and if the signal is not detected by WMP at the beginning of the song, the HDCD decoder is not activated.

With copy-back implementation, the decoded video is copied from GPU memory back to the CPU's memory. This implementation doesn't have the limitations mentioned above and acts similarly to a normal software decoder; however, video stuttering will occur if the GPU is not fast enough to copy its memory back to the CPU's memory. Native mode is advantageous unless there is a need for customized processing, as the additional copy-back operations will increase GPU memory load.

To generate the PS, the multiplexer will interleave the (two or more) packetized elementary streams. This is done so the packets of the simultaneous streams can be transferred over the same channel and are guaranteed to both arrive at the decoder at precisely the same time. This is a case of time-division multiplexing. Determining how much data from each stream should be in each interleaved segment (the size of the interleave) is complicated, yet an important requirement.

For example, Xvid specifies three warp points for its implementation of global motion compensation as opposed to the single warp point implementation of DivX. Enabling some of the more advanced encoding features can compromise player compatibility. Some issues exist with the custom quantization matrices used in tools such as AutoGK that automate encoding with Xvid. This can (depending on the decoder chipset of the set-top player in question) produce videos that have unstable playback and artifacts.

The layout consisted of thousands of polygon shapes on six different drawings; one for each layer of the fabrication process. Given the size limits, the entire chip design had to be constantly considered. Mench and Paivinen worked on the instruction decoder while Mench, Peddle and Orgill worked on the ALU and registers. A further advance, developed at a party, was a way to share some of the internal wiring to allow the ALU to be reduced in size.

Lossy compression reduces bits by removing unnecessary or less important information. Typically, a device that performs data compression is referred to as an encoder, and one that performs the reversal of the process (decompression) as a decoder. The process of reducing the size of a data file is often referred to as data compression. In the context of data transmission, it is called source coding; encoding done at the source of the data before it is stored or transmitted.

Selecting the right applications and technical implementation profile, allows provision of safety relevant information to all travellers on time, accurately and precisely. Due to this major benefit, TPEG is also welcomed by regulators and public authorities. TPEG based products are already available in several European and Asian and American markets from different suppliers. Such products range from content creation/management over encoder/decoder equipment, test equipment and receiver/navigation devices to numerous services that are online worldwide.

Samuel "Sam" Hocevar is a French software and video game developer, author of the WTFPL version 2, a permissive free software license. Hocevar was a Wikimedia France board member from 2005 to 2006. He is known for his contributions to the VideoLAN project and his expertise in reverse engineering and image processing and for authoring the first CAPTCHA decoder framework to defeat multiple CAPTCHAs. He was the Debian project leader from 17 April 2007 to 16 April 2008.

She played the part of Cynthia Coffin in the ten-part British drama serial Indian Summers aired on Channel 4 in 2015. In 2015, she appeared in the romantic drama film Brooklyn, a film that was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Her performance in the film earned her a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Walters voiced the Lexi Decoder (LEXI) for Channel 4 during the 2016 Paralympic Games.

Gurganus was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. He first trained as a painter, studying at the University of Pennsylvania and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. He served three years as a message decoder with the United States Navy during the Vietnam War, as a punishment for draft evasion,Peter Karp, Paul Veitch, "Old-fashioned storyteller with a Southern drawl", Sunday Canberra Times, 15 November 1998, p. 18 and began writing during his time on the USS Yorktown.

A Viterbi decoder uses the Viterbi algorithm for decoding a bitstream that has been encoded using a convolutional code or trellis code. There are other algorithms for decoding a convolutionally encoded stream (for example, the Fano algorithm). The Viterbi algorithm is the most resource-consuming, but it does the maximum likelihood decoding. It is most often used for decoding convolutional codes with constraint lengths k≤3, but values up to k=15 are used in practice.

The Get Up Kids evolved out of the breakup of Kingpin, which consisted of high school friends guitarist Jim Suptic, bassist Rob Pope and his brother drummer Ryan Pope. After that group's demise, vocalist/guitarist Matt Pryor formed Secret Decoder Ring with Suptic,Sharpe- Young 2005, p. 317 before they broke up after a six months. Pryor and Suptic started working with Rob Pope, who invited college friend drummer Nathan Shay to form The Get Up Kids in 1994.

Previously that conversion had required expensive equipment to retain all six channels of audio rather than having it downmixed to stereo. In the digital method, the decryption is done by a commercial software player which has been patched to allow access to the unprotected audio. In 2007 the encryption scheme was overcome with a tool called dvdcpxm. On 12 February 2008 a program called DVD- Audio Explorer was released, containing aforementioned libdvdcpxm coupled with an open source MLP decoder.

The primary design goal of this algorithm is to reconstruct the high band spectrum without introducing any aliasing artifacts and to provide good spectral and time resolution. A 64-band complex-valued polyphase filterbank is used at the analysis portion. At the encoder, the filterbank is used to obtain energy samples of the original input signal's high band. These energy samples are then used as reference values for the envelope adjustment scheme used at the decoder.

Demultiplexers take one data input and a number of selection inputs, and they have several outputs. They forward the data input to one of the outputs depending on the values of the selection inputs. Demultiplexers are sometimes convenient for designing general-purpose logic because if the demultiplexer's input is always true, the demultiplexer acts as a binary decoder. This means that any function of the selection bits can be constructed by logically OR-ing the correct set of outputs.

When decoding, reference frames must be stored in memory until they are no longer needed for further decoding. This can considerably raise the memory usage of the decoder for videos with large numbers of reference frames. The use of several reference frames also decreases locality of reference, which might cause a speed impact. Stand-alone players that can play AVC/MKV files from recorded DVDs or USB sticks may not be able to handle the full 16 REF frames.

Instead they use a separate GPRs that directly link to a rename register table for its OoOE CPU with a dedicated integer decoder and floating decoder. The mechanism is similar to Intel's pre-Pentium processor line. For example, the K6 processor has four int (one eight-entries temporary scratched register file + one eight- entries future register file + one eight-entries fetched register file + an eight-entries unnamed register file) and two FP rename register files (two eight-entries x87 ST file one goes fadd and one goes fmov) that directly link with its x86 EAX for integer renaming and XMM0 register for floating point renaming, but later Athlon included "shadow register" in its front end, it's scaled up to 40 entries unified register file for in order integer operation before decoded, the register file contain 8 entries scratch register + 16 future GPRs register file + 16 unnamed GPRs register file. In later AMD designs it abandons the shadow register design and favored to K6 architecture with individual GPRs direct link design.

The subscribed programs are then delivered via satellite as a file transfer to the storage receiver in the form of MP2-encoded ACM-based WAV files, which then can be imported into a station's automation and/or playback system.Current.org, , Public radio's new interconnection Live feeds are sent in the ContentDepot system as streaming MP2 audio, sent over the same satellite transponder, but as an IP multicast stream (as opposed to a file transfer for pre-recorded programs) which is decoded by a special streaming audio receiver (called a stream decoder) set to the IP multicast addresses assigned for live audio streams on the satellite transponder used by ContentDepot. The newest generation of ContentDepot hardware for the PRSS, as of 2014 and also manufactured by International Datacasting, is a special version custom-manufactured for PRSS of their commercially available "Superflex Pro Audio" receiver. It combines both the stream decoder for live programming and storage receiver for pre-recorded programming in one rack-mounted system, in previous comparison to separate units for live decoding and program storage respectively with the introduction of ContentDepot.

Murphy v Media Protection Services Limited was 2011 decision on the European Court of Justice which concerned the use of foreign decoder devices to decrypt satellite TV service. The case concerned a British publican who used a Greek satellite company to screen matches in her pub rather than Sky. The Premier League had in Britain sold the rights to Broadcast games to Sky and ESPN. The court ruled that such exclusivity agreements were contrary to EU laws on free trade.

DVDs could be displayed with the use of a hardware decoder built into a CardBus (PCMCIA) card. The PowerBook G3 Series was Apple's first notebook offering that matched the build-to-order customization of the Power Mac G3 desktop line. Discontinued in May 1999, this would be the last Apple computer ever to bear the rainbow-colored Apple logo and the last Mac to support Apple's Superdrive. It was also the last Old World ROM model in the PowerBook series.

The expansion bay drives (DVD, CD, floppy, battery) are interchangeable on the Pismo and Lombard, but not on the Wallstreet. A DVD drive was optional on the 333 MHz model and standard on the 400 MHz version. The 400 MHz model included a hardware MPEG-2 decoder for DVD playback, while the 333 MHz model was left without (except for the PC card one used by Wallstreet). Further DVD playback optimizations enabled both models to play back DVDs without use of hardware assistance.

In a file, 5 bits are used for each missing frame (corresponding to 250 bit/s). ;Perceptual enhancement: Perceptual enhancement is a part of the decoder which, when turned on, tries to reduce (the perception of) the noise produced by the coding/decoding process. In most cases, perceptual enhancement makes the sound further from the original objectively (signal-to- noise ratio), but in the end it still sounds better (subjective improvement). ;Algorithmic delay: Every codec introduces a delay in the transmission.

While the BSB's broadcast standard and system was technologically more advanced than the PAL based Sky system and one of the main selling points of the BSB offering was the Squarial, an expensive flat plate antenna and LNB. Sky's system used conventional cheap dish and LNB technology. The BSB system used an integrated receiver / decoder whereas the Sky system had standalone decoders and integrated receiver decoders. This allowed Sky to market directly to an audience that already had satellite TV systems.

A 2-FF synchronizer. The line receiver's output signal is applied to Din; the Dout signal is sent to the quadrature decoder. At high clock frequencies, the synchronizers may use three (such as this) or more flip-flops to reduce the MTBF An incremental encoder interface largely consists of sequential logic which is paced by a clock signal. However, the incoming encoder signals are asynchronous with respect to the interface clock because their timing is determined solely by encoder movement.

In video coding, a group of pictures, or GOP structure, specifies the order in which intra- and inter-frames are arranged. The GOP is a collection of successive pictures within a coded video stream. Each coded video stream consists of successive GOPs, from which the visible frames are generated. Encountering a new GOP in a compressed video stream means that the decoder doesn't need any previous frames in order to decode the next ones, and allows fast seeking through the video.

The Dolby MP Matrix was the professional system that encoded 4 channels of film sound into 2. This track used by the Dolby Stereo theater system on a 35mm optical stereo print and decoded back to the original 4.0 Surround. The same 4 channel encoded stereo track was largely left unchanged and made available to consumers as "Dolby Surround" on Home Video. However, the original Dolby Surround decoders in 1982 were a simple passive matrix 3 channel decoder : L/R and Mono Surround.

The example he and COED set was not lost on the students at Gallaudet University across town when, in March, 1988, they launched the Deaf President Now protest. Section 504 led, in 1990, to the Americans with Disabilities Act. That same year, Bowe was the principal architect of the Television Decoder Circuitry Act, which was sponsored in the Senate by Tom Harkin and in the House by Edward Markey. The act requires that TV sets receive and display closed captions.

The OpenHEVC decoder supports the Main profile of HEVC and can decode 1080p at 30 fps video using a single core CPU. A live transcoder that supports HEVC and used in combination with the GPAC video player was shown at the ATEME booth at the NAB Show in April 2013. On April 19, 2013, SES announced the first Ultra HD transmission using the HEVC standard. The transmission had a resolution of 3840x2160 and a bit rate of 20 Mbit/s.

Live coverage of the race in 4K HEVC was available to viewers at the International Exhibition Center in Osaka. This transmission of 4K HEVC video in real-time was an industry-first. On November 14, 2013, DivX developers released information on HEVC decoding performance using an Intel i7 CPU at 3.5 GHz which had 4 cores and 8 threads. The DivX 10.1 Beta decoder was capable of 210.9 fps at 720p, 101.5 fps at 1080p, and 29.6 fps at 4K.

Interrogating pulses are directed from the antenna to the receiver, and reply pulses are directed from the transmitter to the antenna. The preselector, consisting of three coaxial cavities, attenuates all RF signals outside the receiving band. The received signal is heterodyned to a 50 MHz intermediate frequency in the mixer and amplified in the IF amplifier which also contains the detector. In case of coded transmission, the decoder module provides a pulse output only if the correct spacing exists between pulse pairs received.

Despite the importance of tRNA decoding, it was unclear until recently whether the modern ribosome, and in particular its large conformational changes during decoding, are the outcome of adaptation to its task as a decoder or the result of other constraints. Recent study derived the energy landscape that provides optimal discrimination between competing tRNA substrates, and thereby optimal tRNA decoding. The optimal landscape is a symmetric one (see image). The study shows that the measured landscape of the prokaryotic ribosome is indeed symmetric.

This is now the most popular choice. Installation involves first putting the box into its debug-mode, a mode intended for internal development. It is then possible to take a backup copy of the original operating system (including vital micro- code images for the MPEG decoder chipset) and flash an image based on Linux to the device. In addition to the Linux kernel and drivers, a significant amount of code is needed to allow the DBox2 to function as a digital receiver.

The psychoacoustic model looks at the energy in each of these subbands, as well as in the original signal, and computes masking thresholds using psychoacoustic information. Each of the subband samples is quantized and encoded so as to keep the quantization noise below the dynamically computed masking threshold. The final step is to format all these quantized samples into groups of data called frames, to facilitate eventual playback by a decoder. Decoding is much easier than encoding, since no psychoacoustic model is involved.

The Dolby B system (developed in conjunction with Henry Kloss) was a single band system designed for consumer products. In particular, when recording quiet parts of an audio signal, the frequencies above 1 kHz would be boosted. This had the effect of increasing the signal to noise ratio on tape up to 10 dB depending on the initial signal volume. When it was played back, the decoder reversed the process, in effect reducing the noise level by up to 10 dB.

The new Paragon2 line utilizes an integrated DCC decoder that can be operated on DC track as well, as well as DCC sound capability and steam generating units on many locomotives. In 2015 the company introduced Rolling Thunder, US patent #7,634,411, a system that transmits the low frequency bass sounds from a locomotive to a subwoofer located beneath the model train layout. The bass sounds play in synchronization with the audio as it plays through the on-board speakers housed in the locomotive.

This resulted in an investment of some €3 billion for only 2.4 million subscribers. Combined with the fact that many of the packages were more expensive than similar packages available, the decoder was easy to crack, resulting in large amounts of piracy. In 2002 these difficulties came to a head and KirchMedia declared itself insolvent on April 8. Kirch himself withdrew itself from the enterprise, but kept up participation in the Swiss arms on his business, transferring sports broadcasting rights to the subsidiary.

The EV and QS records are very close to each other—it would take an expert to tell them apart by ear. In 1973 Electro- Voice signed an agreement with Columbia/CBS Records to build a new universal decoder that could decode both SQ and EV records with good results. It could even decode QS records—again, with good results. EV later suggested the same coefficients for an encoder, but no records were ever produced with the so- called EV Version 2 System.

The Navi GPUs will be the first AMD GPUs to use the new RDNA architecture, whose compute units have been redesigned to improve efficiency and instructions per clock (IPC). It features a multi-level cache hierarchy, which offers higher performance, lower latency, and less power consumption compared to the previous series. Navi also features an updated memory controller with GDDR6 support. The encoding stack has changed from using Unified Video Decoder and Video Coding Engine, to using Video Core Next.

You'll need to know how quickly the video data is coming into the buffer. Keep in mind that video data is always changing the bitrate so there is no constant number to note how fast the data is arriving. The larger question is how long before the buffer overflows. A larger buffer size simply means that the decoder will tolerate high bitrates for longer periods of time, but no buffer is infinite, so eventually even a large buffer will overflow.

Automatic Tracking Satellite Dishes are satellite dishes used while a vehicle is in motion. Automatic tracking satellite dishes utilize gyroscopes, GPS position sensors, and uses unique satellite identification data and an integrated DVB decoder to aid in identification of the satellite that it is pointing at. The dishes consist usually of stepper motors to drive and aim the dish, gyroscopes to detect changes in position while the vehicle is in motion, a parabolic reflector, low-noise block converter, and control unit.

The basic mathematical model for a communication system is the following: Channel model A message W is transmitted through a noisy channel by using encoding and decoding functions. An encoder maps W into a pre-defined sequence of channel symbols of length n. In its most basic model, the channel distorts each of these symbols independently of the others. The output of the channel –the received sequence– is fed into a decoder which maps the sequence into an estimate of the message.

The original Black Jack Justice was a one-act farce about a very, very bad day in the life of an old-time detective radio series. The show was a great success at the 2001 Toronto Fringe Festival, and led Taylor to continue under the Decoder Ring Theatre title. The next year the company returned to the Fringe with Prometheus Unplugged, a comic take on the Promethean legends in which Mankind returns to Prometheus' mountain to inform God that he does not exist.

Sigma Designs was founded in 1982 and is based in Fremont, California, with locations in Canada, Denmark, France, Israel, Japan, Netherlands and Singapore. In September 2002, Sigma Designs and Thirdspace, the broadband TV enablement company, announced that they were combining technologies to improve the quality of streaming video solutions over broadband Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Sigma Designs began making boards for computers, such as the ReelMagic MPEG decoder. Its products were used in many of the first Blu-ray players since 2005.

The only other active components needed were a microprocessor, some RAM, a small ROM containing processor specific client code, glue logic such as an address decoder and a power supply. The two processors communicated through four pairs of FIFO buffers in the Tube ULA. Console input/output, error messages, data transfers and system calls each had their own pair of buffers, one for each direction. The queue capacity varied between 1 and 24 bytes, depending on the dedicated buffer function.

All DCS compatible decoders are manufactured by MTH. Factory installed decoders have been offered in H0 scale, two-rail 0 scale, 3-rail 0 gauge, Gauge 1, and three-rail Standard Gauge models. MTH has announced their intention to install DCS compatible decoders in S scale trains beginning in 2013.mthtrains.com Separate sale decoder kits have been offered for installation in all of the above noted scales except H0 and S. DCS is predominantly used in three-rail O gauge.

DWiC does not use any model rail specific items such as command stations and boosters and so is much lower in cost. This technology is also useful outside the model rail world as a DWiC controller could open a garage door or remotely turn on sprinklers. The web server/controller is similar to a DCC decoder in hardware and cost. The great advantage occurs on the client side where the "throttle" can be any WiFi device with a web browser.

Program Streams (PS) are concerned with combining multiple packetized elementary streams (usually just one audio and video PES) into a single stream, ensuring simultaneous delivery, and maintaining synchronization. The PS structure is known as a multiplex, or a container format. Presentation time stamps (PTS) exist in PS to correct the inevitable disparity between audio and video SCR values (time-base correction). 90 kHz PTS values in the PS header tell the decoder which video SCR values match which audio SCR values.

SigmaTel also won a spot in Samsung televisions. Sales of the SGTV5800 TV audio solution, which can be used in analog, digital and hybrid televisions, have been ramping up. SigmaTel later introduced SGTV5900, which is anticipated to supplant the SGTV5800. In mid-2007 SigmaTel introduced portable QVGA 320×240 portable video decoder, and support for higher resolutions using WMV and MPEG4 followed. Some SigmaTel microcontrollers, like STDC982G, are used in printers manufactured by Samsung and sold under the Xerox brand.

The Sky News channel was later discontinued and became branded as a CNN channel. In 1994, Sky launched two further channels, Discovery Channel and Orange, Orange later became known as Sky 1 and then The Box. Discovery Channel broadcast on a channel already used by Trackside. The Trackside service was available free to air to anyone who could receive the UHF signal without the need for a Sky decoder, Discovery Channel screened outside of racing hours and was only available to Sky subscribers.

Encoder and decoder configuration dialog Xvid is not a video format; it is a program for compressing to and decompressing from (hence the name codec) the MPEG-4 ASP format. Since Xvid uses MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) compression, video encoded with Xvid is MPEG-4 ASP video (not "Xvid video"), and can therefore be decoded with all ASP-compliant decoders. This includes a large number of media players and decoders based on libavcodec (such as MPlayer, VLC, ffdshow or Perian). , xvid.

The difference between a P-frame and its anchor frame is calculated using motion vectors on each macroblock of the frame (see below). Such motion vector data will be embedded in the P-frame for use by the decoder. A P-frame can contain any number of intra-coded blocks, in addition to any forward-predicted blocks. If a video drastically changes from one frame to the next (such as a cut), it is more efficient to encode it as an I-frame.

According to the company itself, development started in the early 1990s. The first versions of the codec were mainly targeted at and used for full motion video scenes in computer games. One of the codec's competitive advantages in this field was that, unlike MPEG, it does not require a separate decoder, thus reducing costs to game publishers. At the time, MPEG's dominance was nearly secured, especially with hardware-implementations of the codec, meant to run on special hardware boards only.

In the minimum case, latency is zero samples (e.g., if the coder/decoder simply reduces the number of bits used to quantize the signal). Time domain algorithms such as LPC also often have low latencies, hence their popularity in speech coding for telephony. In algorithms such as MP3, however, a large number of samples have to be analyzed to implement a psychoacoustic model in the frequency domain, and latency is on the order of 23 ms (46 ms for two-way communication).

A sampler for the album was released, featuring a decoder piece for finding hidden messages in the album's artwork. A special edition of the album, dubbed the "Nuclear Edition", was released on April 6, 2010. It features a gold cover and bonus material from each version of the album, three previously unreleased tracks, the sampler, two music videos and the documentary A Family Underground. The first music video from the album, "In Yo Face", was released on December 18, 2009.

The length of time the voltage is applied provides the method for encoding data. To represent a binary one, the time is short (nominally 58 µs), while a zero is represented by a longer period (nominally at least 100 µs). As there is no polarity, direction of travel is independent of the rail's phase. Each locomotive is equipped with a multifunction DCC decoder that takes the signals from the track and, after rectification, routes power to the electric motor as requested.

A DCC decoder installed in an steam locomotive The great advantage of digital control is the individual control of locomotives wherever they are on the layout. With analog control, operating more than one locomotive independently requires the track to be wired into separate "blocks" each having switches to select the controller. Using digital control, locomotives may be controlled wherever they are located. Digital locomotive decoders often include "inertia" simulation, where the locomotive will gradually increase or decrease speeds in a realistic manner.

Before becoming head of NTIA, Irving was a Senior Counsel for the U.S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Finance. While working for the committee, he helped draft and negotiate the Cable Television Consumer Protection Act, the Children's Television Act and Television Decoder Circuitry Act. He has also served as Legislative Director and Counsel for U.S. congressman Mickey Leland, a Democrat from the 18th District in Texas. Irving was active with the Congressional Black Caucus while Leland was its chair.

A somewhat less common surround sound decoder called DTS is standard on current AV receivers. When Dolby Labs and DTS introduced technologies to add a rear center surround channel, these technologies found their way into AV Receivers. Receivers with six amplifiers (known as 6.1 receivers) will typically have both Dolby and DTS's technologies. These are Dolby Digital EX and DTS ES. Dolby introduced Dolby Pro Logic II to allow stereo sources to play back as if they were encoded in surround sound.

The next part of the encoding process first requires an understanding of the decoder, which is a finite-state machine with two state variables i and n. i is an index into the string ranging from zero (representing a potential insertion at the start) to the current length of the extended string (representing a potential insertion at the end). i starts at zero, and n starts at 128 (the first non-ASCII code point). The state progression is a monotonic function.

There are 124 code points between the last one considered (127, the end of ASCII) and "ü" (code point 252). Also there is one position to insert a "ü" that needs to be skipped (at position zero before the 'b'). That is why it is necessary to tell the decoder to skip a total of (6 × 124) + 1 = 745 possible insertions before getting to the one required. Once the character is inserted there are now seven possible places to insert another character.

Optus Sport is an Australian group of sports channels, owned by Optus launched on 13 July 2016. The channels are available through Optus' Yes TV by Fetch IPTV platform, or through an Optus Decoder on the VAST Satellite Network, as well as through companion apps and the Optus Sport website. The network was launched after Optus outbid the incumbent Foxtel for the English Premier League television rights, and the 24/7 channel Optus Sport 1 rebroadcasts the IMG world feed.

A number of optimizations can make these algorithms run more efficiently without changing the output. There is no need to represent the table in either the encoder or decoder. In the encoder, each row of the table can be represented by a single pointer into the strings, and the sort performed using the indices. Some care must be taken to ensure that the sort does not exhibit bad worst-case behavior: Standard library sort functions are unlikely to be appropriate.

The first products invented were video adapters/RF modulators to let people connect a Game console to the aerial input of their TV set. This was before the advent of SCART sockets on TVs. Then came adapters (the REP range) for the Canal+ Decoder which arrived in 1983. After that there were colour transcoders PAL- SECAM and SECAM-PAL, a balanced line video transmission system for the home (the Visiline), and then the wireless video transmitters (Freeline) and remote control relays (Zapline).

TiVo DVRs are based on PowerPC (Series1) or MIPS (Series2) processors connected to MPEG-2 encoder/decoder chips and high-capacity IDE/ATA hard drives. Series1 TiVo units used one or two drives of 13–60 GB; current Series2 units have drives of 40–250 GB in size. TiVo has also partnered with Western Digital to create an external hard drive, the My DVR Expander, for TiVo HD and Series3 Boxes. It plugs into the TiVo box using an eSATA interface.

However, this does not mean that the instruction set could be modified arbitrarily since the instruction decoder was included in the circuitry of the CPU. According to posts on the FidoNet forum MO.DEC, the arithmetic coprocessor was originally released with errors, and it was not always possible to run software written for the VAX. To circumvent this, updated microprograms were released to emulate the coprocessor functions in microcode on the CPU.. Bug fixed chips were introduced at the Comtek'93 exhibition.

Hyundai Electronics (now SK Hynix) developed the first MPEG-2 SAVI (System/Audio/Video) decoder in 1995. The majority of patents that were later asserted in a patent pool to be essential for implementing the standard came from three companies: Sony (311 patents), Thomson (198 patents) and Mitsubishi Electric (119 patents). In 1996, it was extended by two amendments to include the registration of copyright identifiers and the 4:2:2 Profile. ITU-T published these amendments in 1996 and ISO in 1997.

To fly from location to location, the rocket pack must be filled with a very specific amount of fuel. Too much or too little will cause the hero to overshoot or fall short of the target, and as a result plunge to his death. The player could determine the correct amount of fuel for a starting/destination pair using a code wheel, the "secret decoder wheel" included with the game. This element of the game was actually a form of copy protection.

Alexander Hacke's first noteworthy girlfriend was Christiane F., who became famous with the internationally acclaimed movie and book Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo, a biography of her heroin addiction. They performed together in Europe and the US with their band Sentimentale Jugend and also appeared together in the movie Decoder in 1983. On 3 October 1989, Hacke's son Joshua was born in Berlin. His mother is Angela Mettbach, a Berlin nightlife figure who had a short-lived musical career with her band Octopussy.

During this period the RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) design philosophy flourished. The basic aim was to reduce access to memory as much as possible, using internal high-performance registers for most instructions. As a side-effect, the wide variety of different modes for instructions disappeared; there might be only one `ADD` instruction instead of many. Removing these instructions reduced the complexity of the instruction decoder and freed up considerable space on the CPU, space that was used to greatly increase the number of registers.

For the parallel format, a 25-pin D-Sub connector pinout and ECL logic levels are defined. The serial format can be transmitted over 75-ohm coaxial cable with BNC connectors, but there is also a fibre-optical version defined. The parallel version of the ITU-R BT.656 protocol is also used in many TV sets between chips using CMOS logic levels. Typical applications include the interface between a PAL/NTSC decoder chip and a DAC integrated circuit for driving a CRT in a TV set.

Similar systems were subsequently introduced by other television broadcasters in the UK and mainland Europe in the following years. Meanwhile, the UK's General Post Office introduced the Prestel system using the same display standards but run over telephone lines using bi-directional modems rather than the send-only system used with televisions. Teletext formed the basis for World System Teletext, an extended version of the same basic system. This saw widespread use across Europe starting in the 1980s, with almost all televisions including a decoder.

The first PC upgrade kits (a combination of DVD-ROM drive and hardware decoder card) became available from Creative Labs, Hi-Val, and Diamond Multimedia in April and May 1997. In 2014, every major PC manufacturer has models that include DVD-ROM drives. The first DVD-Audio players were released in Japan by Pioneer in late 1999, but they did not play copy-protected discs. Matsushita (under the Panasonic and Technics labels) first released full- fledged players in July 2000 for $700 to $1,200.

Gerard John Benson (9 April 1931 – 28 April 2014) was an English Quaker poet, teacher, and author. His mother separated from his father Arthur Benson, and he was raised by a family of Christian fundamentalists for the first ten years of his life, thinking they were his parents. Then his mother Eileen married the Romanian-born émigré composer Francis Chagrin and he went to live with them. Benson had worked as an intelligence decoder in Britain and as an actor, but his vocation was poetry.

The Electric Company was canceled in 1977 at the height of its popularity. Unlike its counterpart Sesame Street, which licensed its Muppet characters for merchandising, The Electric Company never had a stand-alone brand or character that could have helped to generate additional profits. The only significant items the show licensed were comic books and a Milton Bradley board game of the Fargo North, Decoder character. Licensing rights were also granted to Mattel Electronics for two educational-based video games for the Intellivision console in 1979.

Newer LNBFs in use by DirecTV, called SWM (Single Wire Multiswitch), are used to implement single cable distribution and use a wider frequency range of 2–2150 MHz. The satellite receiver or set-top box demodulates and converts the signals to the desired form (outputs for television, audio, data, etc.). Often, the receiver includes the capability to selectively unscramble or decrypt the received signal to provide premium services to some subscribers; the receiver is then called an integrated receiver/decoder or IRD. Low-loss cable (e.g.

On March 27, 2011, the band posted a live video of vocalist Doriano Magliano working with Of Mice & Men vocalist Austin Carlile on a track for the band's forthcoming album. Later that day the band was announced as part of Rise Records' first annual tour, along with Memphis May Fire, Decoder and Ten After Two. Guitarist David Newton was recruited before the band departed for the tour on May 7, 2011. Shortly after the tour started, the band announced they had parted ways with DeGrazia.

Similarly, the use of arrays for surround and overhead channel also disallows pinpoint localization of sound along the walls as well as within the theater space. The Auromax format extends the capabilities of Auro 11.1 to approach Dolby Atmos and DTS:X. The system uses Auro-3D Octopus codec, which allows the 12 channels to be compressed into 6 channels by utilizing the least significant bits for the additional channels and its metadata. This allows Auro 11.1 to be played as 5.1 in the absence of a decoder.

The October 2015 basic draft requirements for NETVC are support for a bit depth of 8-bits to 10-bits per sample, 4:2:0 chroma subsampling, 4:4:4 YUV, low coding delay capability, feasible real time decoder/encoder software implementations, temporal scalability, and error resilience tools. The October 2015 optional draft requirements for NETVC is support for a bit depth of up to 16-bits per sample, 4:2:2 chroma subsampling, RGB video, auxiliary channel planes, high dynamic range, and parallel processing tools.

Much of Taylor's time, however, is spent at a club watching various sexual couplings featuring adult film stars such as Herschel Savage, Bunny Bleu (as Tammy Dorsey, who masturbates with a trombone), Candie Evans, Tom Byron, Keisha, and Kristara Barrington. Third-billed is an assassin called the Blade (Steven Densmore) who is hired by a man he interrupts masturbating. Eventually, Taylor's apartment is attacked while he is in the shower, and his Droid goes haywire. He gets the decoder and uses it, and is reunited with Nicola.

Early devices supporting Video CD playback include the Philips CD-i systems and the Amiga CD-32 (albeit via an optional decoder card). Disc playback is also available both natively and as an option on some CD- and DVD-based video game consoles, including Sega Dreamcast, and Sony PlayStation (only on the SCPH-5903 model). VLC is a free, open-source media player software which supports VCD on Windows, MacOS, Linux and BSD. Windows Media Player prior to version 9 does not support playing VCD directly.

The former is typically found in consumer electronics devices such as Blu-ray Disc players and 3G/4G mobile phones, while the latter is typically found in PCs. Nearly all video cards manufactured since 2006 support some level of GPU- accelerated VC-1 decoding on the Windows platform via DirectX Video Acceleration APIs. The native Windows WMV9/VC-1 decoder (wmvdecod.dll) only supports DXVA profiles A, B and C, while 3rd party VC-1 decoders such as CyberLink's support the full DXVA Profile D decode acceleration.

WRBH studios on Magazine Street, Uptown New Orleans. WRBH (88.3 MHz) is a non- commercial FM radio station in New Orleans, Louisiana. It primarily provides a radio reading service for the blind and print handicapped without the usual use of a private subcarrier decoder, one of only two such stations in the United States. Services include readings of books, original programming and readings of newspapers and magazines, including The Wall Street Journal and The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate, New Orleans' largest daily newspaper.

The Dolby B system, while not as effective as Dolby A, had the advantage of remaining listenable on playback systems without a decoder. The Telefunken High Com integrated circuit U401BR could be utilized to work as a mostly Dolby B–compatible compander as well. In various late-generation High Com tape decks the Dolby-B emulating "D NR Expander" functionality worked not only for playback, but undocumentedly also during recording. dbx was a competing analog noise reduction system developed by David E. Blackmer, founder of dbx laboratories.

She joined the Free French Army to fight against Nazi Germany during World War II. She had refused to participate in the North African Campaign, but she joined clandestinely to fight alongside her husband. The war imposed a suspension of her marital and family duties but she managed to send her children from France to America, secretly moving across continents. She served as a decoder, driver, and radio host for the Free French. At the close of the war she was decorated by the allied armies.

For each line, 11 bits or complements are fed into an 11-input AND gate. For instance, 1026 decimal is equal to 10000000010 binary. The function for line 1026 would be: wordline[1026] = A[13] & B[12] & B[11] & B[10] & B[9] & B[8] & B[7] & B[6] & B[5] & A[4] & B[3] Both the carry chain of the adder and the decoder combine information from the entire width of the index portion of the address. Combining information across the entire width twice is redundant.

WHCT could be seen by all viewers with a UHF tuner and antenna during regular broadcast hours, but viewers needed a decoder box in order to view the signal during the subscription television block. The first pay-TV movie was Sunrise at Campobello, starring Ralph Bellamy and Greer Garson. The subscription television service could only broadcast in black and white, despite the fact that many of the movies shown were made in color. It was deemed a failure, and RKO dropped it early in 1968.

Encoder–decoder frameworks are based on neural networks that map highly structured input to highly structured output. The approach arose in the context of machine translation, where the input and output are written sentences in two natural languages. In that work, an LSTM RNN or CNN was used as an encoder to summarize a source sentence, and the summary was decoded using a conditional RNN language model to produce the translation. These systems share building blocks: gated RNNs and CNNs and trained attention mechanisms.

The encoder needs to keep this data to look for matches, and the decoder needs to keep this data to interpret the matches the encoder refers to. The larger the sliding window is, the longer back the encoder may search for creating references. It is not only acceptable but frequently useful to allow length- distance pairs to specify a length that actually exceeds the distance. As a copy command, this is puzzling: "Go back four characters and copy ten characters from that position into the current position".

So far, the only available mp3HD encoder is the Technicolor toolkit which contains a command-line encoder and decoder. This can be used with the Exact Audio Copy to rip CDs into WAVE files and then automatically convert them to mp3HD files. Another method, only available for Windows is the mp3HD Converter, which converts already uncompressed WAVE files to mp3HD and can also decompress them back to WAVE files. Currently mp3HD supports CD audio (PCM) at 44.1 and 48 kHz sampling rates at 16 bit/sample.

XCOM Multimedia Communications and CXSAT were makers of digital satellite receiver decoder. In 2005, the company sold the former headquarter Conic Investment Building which was located in Hung Hom to Global Coin Limited, a subsidiary Cheung Kong Holdings, for HK$330 million. The company also owned 14.29% shares of APT Satellite International (via a subsidiary CASIL Satellite), the parent company of listed company APT Satellite Holdings, the operator Apstar satellites. CASIL Satellite was sold to CASIL's parent company CASC in 2011 for HK$132.3 million.

In summer 2007, Decoder Ring Theatre released the Summer Showcase, an anthology featuring six new podcasts showcasing stories by different writers. The most popular of these were two episodes of the space opera Deck Gibson, Far Reach Commander, written and created by Parsec Award-winning author Matt Wallace (The Failed Cities Monologues). In summer 2008, six new episodes of Deck Gibson were introduced. The podcast chronicles the adventures of Deck Gibson as he follows the mission of the Far Reach Fleet: to explore, to discover, to defend.

JPEG allows multiple components (such as Y, Cb, and Cr) to have different resolutions, but it does not define how those differing sample arrays should be aligned. The JFIF standard requires samples to be sited "interstitially" – meaning the decoder can treat each component array as representing an array of equal-sized rectangular pixels sampled in their centers, with each array having the same exterior boundaries as the image. This is convenient for computer users, but is not the alignment used in MPEG-2 and most video applications.

Customers analyse the task, break down the operations, and then choose the appropriate extensions, or develop their own, to create their own custom microprocessor. They might optimise for speed, energy efficiency or code density. Extensions can include, for example, a memory management unit (MMU), a fast multiplier–accumulator, a USB host, a Viterbi path decoder, or a user's proprietary RTL functions. The processors are synthesizable and can be implemented in any foundry or process, and are supported by a complete suite of development tools.

Their idea was to use not the pixel-based loss defined above but rather a 'perceptual loss' measuring the differences between higher-level layers within the CNN. They used a symmetric encoder-decoder CNN. Training uses a similar loss function to the basic NST method but also regularizes the output for smoothness using a total variation (TV) loss. Once trained, the network may be used to transform an image into the style used during training, using a single feed-forward pass of the network.

From the 1950s Märklin models had four digit numbers, the first two being the group and the last two the individual model. Locomotives fitted with the original c80 digital decoders were numbered 36xx (36 followed by two digits e.g. 3615) and the first models fitted with c90 decoders 37xx (e.g. 3702). In 1997 Märklin had to expand the numbering to five digits 37xxx and a few new c90 equipped models were numbered with five digits before the c91 decoder was fitted to all subsequent models.

Menno Bakker was the developer of FAAC, one of the earliest widely available AAC encoders, and also what would be become its companion decoder, FAAD. The Nero AAC codec became a stand-alone package around 2006, although still called Nero Digital Audio until 2009. Nero apparently still uses the codec in its products. Neither Dimkovic nor Bakker currently work at Nero, and development of the codec has stalled, but the software is stable and remains a reliable, and high-quality, option for AAC encoding.

Carmen Sandiego has shrunk famous landmarks into crystals using the Quantum Crystallizer machine, which the player must restore to their full size. The player travels to different hideouts, and plays maths-related minigames such as Atom Smasher, Crimewave Sensor, and Microchip Decoder, which when completed provide passwords. Once the player has enough passwords, they can get keys which allow them to free crystals from the machine. The game comes with "over 400 word problems, a strategy guide, glossary of math terms and progress reports".

Typical modules would be signal sources, combiners and modifiers, effects modules, sync, color encoder, color decoder, and NTSC video interface. Sandin was an advocate of education and a "copy it right distribution religion". Accordingly, he placed the circuit board layouts with a commercial circuit board company where anyone could buy them for ordinary manufacturing costs and freely published schematics and other documentation. A following of video artists, students, and others interested in video electronics would assemble these modules kit style and try to build up their synthesizers.

The BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5 ran terrestrial HDTV trials involving 450 homes in the London area during June–December 2006 on locally unused frequencies . As part of this trial, the BBC broadcast BBC HD free to air. The trial homes received an HD-capable set-top box; the services could also be received and played back by a PC equipped with a DVB-T card that is within range (as the broadcast is not encrypted) using a software H.264 decoder.

IF demodulation tuner is on the bottom left, and a Fujitsu MPEG decoder CPU is in the center of the board. The power supply is on the right. The signal source might be an Ethernet cable, a satellite dish, a coaxial cable (see cable television), a telephone line (including DSL connections), broadband over power lines (BPL), or even an ordinary VHF or UHF antenna. Content, in this context, could mean any or all of video, audio, Internet web pages, interactive video games, or other possibilities.

Internal hardware acceleration decoding is enabled through the `-hwaccel` option. It starts decoding normally, but if a decodable stream is detected in hardware, then the decoder designates all significant processing to that hardware, thus accelerating the decoding process. Whereas if no decodable streams are detected (as happens on an unsupported codec or profile), hardware acceleration will be skipped and it will still be decoded in software. `-hwaccel_device` option is applied when the hardware requires a particular device to function especially there are several graphic cards are available.

A sample implementation of a path metric unit for a specific K=4 decoder A path metric unit summarizes branch metrics to get metrics for 2^{K-1} paths, where K is the constraint length of the code, one of which can eventually be chosen as optimal. Every clock it makes 2^{K-1} decisions, throwing off wittingly nonoptimal paths. The results of these decisions are written to the memory of a traceback unit. The core elements of a PMU are ACS (Add-Compare-Select) units.

Busse extensively trained mice to detect visual contrast using trial-based operant conditioning. After extensive training, they found that choices mice made in this operant task were not only based on the learned contrast association but also factors such as reward value or recent failures. When they used a generalized linear model to decode the neural data to predict behavioral outputs, they found that the decoder performed better than the mouse suggesting that the mouse might not be using the V1 information in the most optimal way.

Radeon Graphics is the successor to the Rage line. Three different families of microarchitectures can be roughly distinguished, the fixed-pipeline family, the unified shader model-families of TeraScale and Graphics Core Next. ATI/AMD have developed different technologies, such as TruForm, HyperMemory, HyperZ, XGP, Eyefinity for multi-monitor setups, PowerPlay for power-saving, CrossFire (for multi- GPU) or Hybrid Graphics. A range of SIP blocks is also to be found on certain models in the Radeon products line: Unified Video Decoder, Video Coding Engine and TrueAudio.

A proprietary audio compression format called TwinVQ was developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) (in NTT's Human Interface Laboratories) and marketed by Yamaha under the name SoundVQ. The NTT also offered a TwinVQ demonstration software for non-commercial purposes - NTT TwinVQ Encoder and TwinVQ Player, encoder API, decoder API and header file format. The filename extension is .vqf. TwinVQ uses Twin vector quantization. The proprietary TwinVQ codec supports constant bit rate encoding at 80, 96, 112, 128, 160 and 192 kbit/s.

Programming on the DAC system was in IBM's FORTRAN IV compiler, but it quickly became clear that a language with graphics primitives would be highly desirable. GM started with an existing ALGOL 58 derivative from the University of Michigan, MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder), adding to it and creating their own version, NOMAD. NOMAD also included the ability to allow code to run anywhere in memory, which was very important, especially on the earlier machine with limited memory. Over 90% of the DAC system was written in NOMAD.

VPS / PDC-plus Decoder IC by Siemens . Programme delivery control (PDC) is specified by the standard ETS 300 231 (ETSI EN 300 231), published by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). This specifies the signals sent as hidden codes in the teletext service, indicating when transmission of a programme starts and finishes. PDC (also known as Enhanced Teletext Packet 8/30 Format 2) is often used together with StarText, enabling the user to select a programme to record using specially coded teletext programme listings.

Burst phase is the first ten cycles of colorburst in the "porch" of the synchronising pulse in the PAL (Phase Alternation Line) broadcast television systems format. The frequency of this burst is 4.43361875 MHz; it is precise to .5 Hz, and is used as the reference frequency to synchronise the local oscillators of the colour decoder in a PAL television set. This colorburst is sometimes called a "swinging burst", since it swings plus or minus 45 degrees line by line (hence the expression "phase alternating line").

In 1976, Benjamin Bauer integrated matrix and discrete systems into USQ, or Universal SQ (others had done this with their quad systems too). It was a hierarchical 4-4-4 discrete matrix that used the SQ matrix as the baseband for discrete quadraphonic FM broadcasts using additional difference signals called "T" and "Q". For a USQ FM broadcast, the additional "T" modulation was placed at 38 kHz in quadrature to the standard stereo difference signal and the "Q" modulation was placed on a carrier at 76 kHz. For standard 2-channel SQ Matrix broadcasts, CBS recommended that an optional pilot-tone be placed at 19 kHz in quadrature to the regular pilot- tone to indicate SQ encoded signals and activate the listeners Logic decoder. CBS argued that the SQ system should be selected as the standard for quadraphonic FM because, in FCC listening tests of the various four channel broadcast proposals, the 4:2:4 SQ system, decoded with a CBS Paramatrix decoder, outperformed 4:3:4 (without logic) as well as all other 4:2:4 (with logic) systems tested, approaching the performance of a discrete master tape within a very slight margin.

Chinese government will aid each village with two Projector TVs, one 32 inch Digital TV set and 20 DTH decoders and satellite dishes. Projector TVs and Digital TV set will be equipped with solar power systems and DTH access units. The Projector TV can project more than 120 inches picture screen in the wall and use DLP technology and LED light source with high brightness and low power. The StarTimes Digital TV set supports signal input of satellite TV without a decoder and its smart operation system supports automatic system maintenance and upgrade.

This means the total number of instructions is reduced, both saving memory and improving performance. Orthogonality was often described as being highly "bit efficient". As the ultimate end of orthogonal design is simply to allow any instruction to use any type of address, implementing orthogonality is often simply a case of adding more wiring between the parts of the processor. However, it also adds to the complexity of the instruction decoder, the circuitry that reads an instruction from memory at the location pointed to by the program counter and then decides how to process it.

Instructions are arranged in extended basic blocks, and decoding for both halves begin at the same address in the middle of the block. As the instruction bundles are decoded the program counter in one stream increases and the counter in the other decoder decreases Each instruction bundle has a header containing the byte count of the instruction, and offset of opcode bundles within. The Mill uses 3 bundles per instruction. Each opcode in the bundle is a fixed bit length, and controls a specific execution slot or pipeline.

Cortado is a streaming Java applet for Ogg formats Vorbis, Theora and Kate, μ-law, MJPEG and Smoke (a custom MJPEG variant), released under the GPL. With Cortado a webpage can be set up to download the applet on the fly in the background, providing embedded support for Ogg-based media in Java-enabled web browsers without the need to install further software. Among others it has been used on Wikimedia projects and blip.tv. Cortado was originally created by Wim Taymans building upon the earlier work of Jorbis, the Java decoder for Vorbis audio.

The seventh generation of PureVideo HD, introduced with the GeForce GTX 960 and GTX 950, a second generation Maxwell (microarchitecture) GPU (GM206), adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles) to the GPU's video-engine. Feature Set F hardware decoder also supports full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding. Previous Maxwell GPUs implemented HEVC playback using a hybrid decoding solution, which involved both the host-CPU and the GPU's GPGPU array. The hybrid implementation is significantly slower than the dedicated hardware in VP7's video-engine.

This recent surge in demand has caused prices to rise significantly, particularly for large tubes, making small-scale production of new devices again viable. In addition to the tube itself, another important consideration is the relatively high-voltage circuitry necessary to drive the tube. The original 7400 series drivers integrated circuits such as the 74141 BCD decoder driver have long since been out of production and are rarer than NOS tubes. Only "Integral" in Belarus lists the 74141 and its Soviet equivalent, the K155ID1 as still in production.

Many stations use subcarriers for internal purposes, such as getting telemetry back from a remote transmitter, often located in a difficult-to-access area at the top of a mountain. A station's engineer can carry a decoder around with him and know anything that's wrong, as long as the station is on the air and he is within range. This is the essence of a wireless transmitter/studio link. On wireless studio/transmitter links (STLs), not only are the broadcast station's subcarriers transmitted, but other remote control commands as well.

This update changed all logos and names on the software to "Dialog TV" from the previous "CBNsat". The software was automatically installed to decoders at 3.00 pm on July 18, 2007, and at 6.00 pm and 9.00 pm on the same day for those who missed the previous updates. If all automatic updates were missed, it is possible to update the software using the IRD Upgrade menu option on the decoder. By mid 2012, Dialog TV had introduced South India's pioneering Tamil channels, namely Sun TV, KTV and Sun Music.

A British Ceefax football index page from October 2009, showing the three- digit page numbers for a variety of football news stories Teletext, or broadcast teletext, is a videotex standard for displaying text and rudimentary graphics on suitably equipped television sets. Teletext sends data in the broadcast signal, hidden in the invisible vertical blanking interval area at the top and bottom of the screen. The teletext decoder in the television buffers this information as a series of "pages", each given a number. The user can display chosen pages using their remote control.

It turns out the space bandits have taken over the casino and John has to fight his way to the office which is found vacant. Skyler suggests John to head to the money vault, where Floyd might have barricaded himself. Upon finding Floyd, John is told about an ancient legend of Native American Indians and the Katsina statues that grant its user divine powers. It is revealed that he has to get a decoder disc from his boss’s office, located in the Skyrig headquarters, to be able to find the real Katsina temple.

Consequently, the output signals from the A and B (also Z and alarm, if used) line receivers must be synchronized to the interface clock, both to avoid errors due to metastability and to coerce the signals into the clock domain of the quadrature decoder. Typically this synchronization is performed by independent, single-signal synchronizers such as the two flip-flop synchronizer seen here. At very high clock frequencies, or when a very low error rate is needed, the synchronizers may include additional flip-flops in order to achieve an acceptably low bit error rate.

Overwatch and Battlefield 1 for PC also have Atmos audio. On the Xbox One, Crackdown 3 and Gears of War 4 also support Atmos. Dolby Atmos for Music, an audio-only iteration of the format was adopted by streaming music services Tidal and Amazon Music in December 2019, however it could only be enjoyed via headphones, a compromise at best. In May 2020 Tidal announced that the Dolby Atmos bitstream would be available over HDMI allowing Dolby Atmos Music to be enjoyed on home theatre AV systems with a Dolby Atmos decoder and compatible soundbars.

In 2007 and 2008, Oppo introduced the DV-980H and DV-984H, DVD-to-1080p upconversion, multi-format players. In 2009, Oppo introduced a "universal" Blu-Ray player, BDP-83, compatible with DVD, DVD- audio and SACD formats. The unit included a video decoder from MediaTek and a video processing chip from Anchor Bay Technologies. OPPO BDP-93 In 2018, Oppo discontinued production of all Blu-Ray players, due to what they felt was a shrinking market for physical media players in the face of online channels and streaming.

For a mod-8 code, we have Encoder D_o=43,D_e=47 M_o=43,M_e=47 mod(8) = 7, Decoder M_o=43,M_e=47 mod(8) = 7, D_o=43,D_e=CLOSEST(43,8⋅k + 7) 43 \simeq 8 \cdot 5 + 7 D_o=43,D_e=47 Modulo-N decoding is similar to phase unwrapping and has the same limitation: If the difference from one node to the next is more than N/2 (if the phase changes from one sample to the next more than \pi), then decoding leads to an incorrect value.

Note that any published (or otherwise accessible) random data table is unsuitable for cryptographic purposes since the accessibility of the numbers makes them effectively predictable, and hence their effect on a cryptosystem is also predictable. By way of contrast, genuinely random numbers that are only accessible to the intended encoder and decoder allow literally unbreakable encryption of a similar or lesser amount of meaningful data (using a simple exclusive OR operation) in a method known as the one-time pad, which has often insurmountable problems that are barriers to implementing this method correctly.

Nerf N-Strike Elite is a 2009 on-rails shoot 'em up for Nintendo Wii and sequel to the 2008 Nerf N-Strike. Like its predecessor, the game is bundled with one N-Strike Switch Shot EX-3. New to this game, however, is the "Red Reveal" decoder lens which is attached to the Switch Shot and, when the player looks through it, will display hidden game elements such as the weak points in enemy armor and reveals secret codes for accessing other content. This game is also compatible with the Wii Zapper.

The instruction that the CPU fetches from memory determines what the CPU will do. In the decode step, performed by the circuitry known as the instruction decoder, the instruction is converted into signals that control other parts of the CPU. The way in which the instruction is interpreted is defined by the CPU's instruction set architecture (ISA). Often, one group of bits (that is, a "field") within the instruction, called the opcode, indicates which operation is to be performed, while the remaining fields usually provide supplemental information required for the operation, such as the operands.

In Los Angeles in 2020, the crime rate is up 200%. The police are known as Eliminators, and they fight against the Droid Warriors of Azteca (Lorrie Lovett), who dresses in Nazi regalia. The Droid were created as servants, and Taylor has one, Rochester (played by Kevin James, in a very close approximation of Daniel's speech patterns). Taylor, who was once the best Eliminator but more than anything wants to get back with his ex-wife, Nicola, is blackmailed into attempting to steal a digital decoder to shut down Azteca's forces.

Shortly before the advent of White Book VCD, Philips started releasing movies in the Green Book CD-i format, calling the subformat CD-i Digital Video (CD-i DV). While these used a similar format (MPEG-1), due to minor differences between the standards these discs are not compatible with VCD players. Philips' CD-i players with the Full Motion Video MPEG-1 decoder cartridge would play both formats. Only a few CD-i DV titles were released before the company switched to the current VCD format for publishing movies.

The message gets decoded to one of the possible source strings. In order to minimize the probability of error the decoder will decode to the source sequence X_1^n that maximizes P(X_1^n\mid A_m) , where A_m\, denotes the event that message m was transmitted. This rule is equivalent to finding the source sequence X_1^n among the set of source sequences that map to message m that maximizes P(X_1^n) . This reduction follows from the fact that the messages were assigned randomly and independently of everything else.

The show was initially sponsored by Ovaltine, a flavored milk supplement, and its scripts were written by Ovaltine's Chicago ad agency staff. They shunned the overt political themes of Gray's newspaper strips and concentrated instead on pitching Ovaltine, using almost seven minutes of each broadcast to do so. Fans could redeem Ovaltine proofs of purchase for a secret decoder badge that decoded brief messages airing in the last moments of the show. Contrary to Jean Shepherd's assertions, the messages were never advertisements for Ovaltine, but were usually related to the following episode.

A 1974 article characterized cereal prizes of the 1950s as "Captain Midnight secret-decoder rings and.. baking soda-powered frogmen", whose arrival by mail, children waited for "impatiently". In 1959, columnist Tom Harris of the West Virginia Gazette-Mail lamented the passing of the send-in box-top prize in place of the in-box prize. The column humorously noted the family battles over cereal purchases which the in-box prizes instigated. In late 1974, the Federal Trade Commission considered banning television commercials which promoted cereal box prizes as a means of selling cereal.

To facilitate the annotation of the mouse cDNA clones, the RIKEN research group developed a web-based service called FANTOM+ prior to the first meeting. Users could search for motifs, view pre-computed sequence similarity scores, as well as query other public databases and integrate relevant annotations into the FANTOM database. The assignment and functional annotation of the genes required multiple bioinformatic tools and databases. Predominant tools included BLASTN/BLASTX, FASTA/FASTY, DECODER, EST-WISE and HMMER, while both nucleic acid and protein databases such as SwissProt, UniGene and NCBI-nr were utilized.

9, 79 characters are still mapped to Unicode PUA (see GB 18030#PUA.) In 2002, GBK was registered as an IANA charset; the registration uses code page 936 mapping as well as CP936/MS936 aliases, but refers to GBK 1.0 specification. W3C's technical recommendation published in 2015 defines a GBK encoder as a GB 18030 encoder with a single-byte euro sign and without four-byte sequences (while W3C's GBK decoder specification has no such limitation, decodes as , i.e. with same range of letters as all of Unicode).

During this period, a number of companies were developing the first teletext systems, notably the BBC's Ceefax system. Ceefax encoded character data into the lines in the vertical blanking interval of normal television signals where they could not be seen on-screen, and then used a buffer and decoder in the user's television to convert these into "pages" of text on the display. The Independent Broadcasting Authority quickly introduced their own ORACLE system, and the two organizations subsequently agreed to use a single standard, the "Broadcast Teletext Specification". This later became World System Teletext.

He also worked on Sun's wide area network and firewall complex. He continued with the IPv6 design team and wrote a PC-based implementation, called N6AFV, along with a packet decoder, and worked on the development of an IPv4/IPv6 border gateway. He was the principal architect of Sun's firewall product, Sunscreen SPF 100. Mulligan further developed Sunscreen, adding network address translation, an internal Java interpreter and topology hiding technologies. In 1997, he created HZ.COM, an electronic mail information retrieval system for two-way pagers and early cellular phones.

There are many aspects that polar codes should investigate further before considering for industry applications. Especially, the original design of the polar codes achieves capacity when block sizes are asymptotically large with successive cancellation decoder. However, in block sizes that industry applications are operating, the performance of the successive cancellation is poor compared to the well-defined and implemented coding schemes such as LDPC and Turbo. Polar performance can be improved with successive cancellation list decoding, but their usability in real applications are still questionable due to very poor implementation efficiencies.

In 1986 pay- television came to South Africa when an analogue, single-channel service, M-Net, was launched by Naspers. For almost seven years, all of M-Net's operations were handled by a single company until 1993 when a second subsidiary company, Multichoice, was created by Naspers. The decoder sales, subscriber services, account management and other business related matters were handled by Multichoice. In 1995 a new digital satellite service in South Africa was announced by Multichoice and on 6 October 1995 DStv was officially activated to subscribers.

In ISAs such as the Intel x86, three or four inputs are summed to generate the virtual address. Multiple- input additions can be reduced to a two-input addition with carry save adders, and the remaining problem is as described below. The critical recurrence, then, is an adder, a decoder, the SRAM word line, the SRAM bit line(s), the sense amp(s), the byte steering muxes, and the bypass muxes. For this example, a direct-mapped 16 KB data cache which returns doubleword (8-byte) aligned values is assumed.

Astro B.yond is a Malaysian first High-Definition Television (HDTV) service from Astro. Launched by Astro on 11 December 2009. The roll out of these services is estimated to cost some RM200 million, including marketing and operating costs of approximately RM150 million, over the next financial year, ahead of revenue and earnings from these services. Retrieved on 8 May 2017 Astro B.yond also introduced a Digital Video Recording (DVR) service, available through the Astro B.yond Personal Video Recorder (PVR) and an external hard disk drive connected to the Astro B.yond decoder.

Dr. Spaceman (Chris Parnell) removes a Buck Rodgers decoder ring stuck up his nose. Tracy's new sense of smell associates the pomade of Liz (Tina Fey) with the father that abandoned him and begins behaving like a model employee to impress her. Although she is thrilled with his behavior, Liz finds out he has abandoned his family in the process, and asks Dr. Spaceman to reverse the operation for Tracy's own good. After the writers pull yet another prank on her, Jenna (Jane Krakowski) gets revenge by finding embarrassing details in their trash.

Beale started his career in 1991 using various aliases creating oldschool hardcore tracks. He continued fine tuning the deep jungle sound under the Orca and Koda aliases on Lucky Spin Records and its sister label, Deejay Recordings, releasing "Tranquility to Earth" in 1994. In 1995 he first used the Decoder pseudonym, pioneering the dark or 'tech step' style of drum & bass, often on Mark Caro's label Tech Itch Recordings. 1997 saw the release of Decoder's Decoded EP, which achieved press recognition with a number eighteen placing in NME's "Vibes Singles of the Year" chart.

DVD Player in Windows ME When the DVD Player is launched, it searches all local drives in alphabetical order from C:, looking for a Video_TS folder. When this folder is located, the data file within it is loaded, and video streaming begins. If this folder exists on a drive that comes before the DVD drive, the player will try to play the data in the first folder it finds. In Windows 98 and Windows 2000, DVD Player only plays DVDs if a hardware-based MPEG decoder is present.

The Video Buffering Verifier (VBV) is a theoretical MPEG video buffer model, used to ensure that an encoded video stream can be correctly buffered, and played back at the decoder device. By definition, the VBV shall not overflow nor underflow when its input is a compliant stream, (except in the case of low_delay). It is therefore important when encoding such a stream that it comply with the VBV requirements. One way to think of the VBV is to consider both a maximum bitrate and a maximum buffer size.

An ON TV decoder box The first ONTV service launched in the Los Angeles market in April 1977, on KBSC (channel 52, now KVEA) in Corona, which was originally owned by Kaiser Broadcasting. Transmitting its signal from Mount Wilson with studios and offices in Glendale, KBSC was not included in Kaiser's merger with Field Communications, and was instead sold to Oak Broadcasting. Channel 52 dropped its ethnic programming in favor of carrying ONTV during the nighttime hours and on weekend evenings. The station continued to air general entertainment programming until 6:00 p.m.

The prolonged public silence of Nvidia, after promising updated drivers, and test benchmarks gathered by users led the user community to conclude that the WMV9 decoder component of the AGP 6800's PureVideo unit is either non-functional or intentionally disabled. In late 2005, an update to Nvidia's website finally confirmed what had long been suspected by the user community: WMV-acceleration is not available on the AGP 6800. Of course, today's standard computers are fast enough to play WMV9 video and other sophisticated codecs like MPEG-4, H.264 or VP8 without hardware acceleration.

The encoder may be able to exploit the downmix process so as to be more advantageous. It not only creates a faithful equivalent of the multichannel signal in the mono or stereo downmix, but also creates the best possible multichannel decoding based on the downmix and encoded spatial cues as well. Alternatively, the downmix could be supplied externally (Artistic Downmix in before Diagram Block). The MPEG Surround encoding process could be ignored by the compression algorithm used for the transmitted channels (Audio Encoder and Audio Decoder in before Diagram Block).

In 2004, a fault attack was published on the block cipher. The basic idea was to introduce a few deliberate faults in the intermediate calculations, making it possible to deduce the last eight round keys. From this, the final key can be computed. While very few faults are needed (on average two or three per round key recovered), fault attacks are usually impractical to carry out, in that it requires the ability to change bits at will inside the hardware of a decoder that already has the key in question.

This is particularly important for deeply embedded audio applications running on low- power mobile devices. aptX HD promotes low computational overhead by dynamically selecting the simplest coding functions for each short segment of audio whilst complying with other operational constraints, such as levels of compression and coding delay. Depending on the settings of other scalable parameters, aptX HD can encode a 48 kHz 16-bit stereo audio stream using only 10 MIPS on a modern RISC processor with signal processing extensions. The corresponding decoder represents only 6 MIPS on the same platform.

In January 2016, Sky Direct began the trial period for its prepaid service in three (3) areas through authorized dealers in Metro Manila, province of Cavite and Quezon. Sky Direct had a soft launching on March 18, 2016 by releasing the television commercial advertisement with endorser Kris Aquino. The Sky Direct prepaid subscription package includes a satellite dish antenna, set top box (Integrated Receiver-Decoder) and remote control. Sky Direct uses the DVB-S2 digital television broadcast standard in the Ku band to provide standard definition (SD) and high definition (HD) TV broadcasts.

These are so named because the paper introducing them was presented at the 1992 AES conference held in Vienna. This design was covered by from Trifield Productions (see External links). The technology provides one approach to the decoding of Ambisonic signals to irregular loudspeaker arrays (such as ITU) commonly used for 5.1 surround sound replay. A slight flaw in the 1992 published papers decoder coefficients, and the use of heuristic search algorithms in order to solve the set of non- linear simultaneous equations needed to generate the decoders was published by Wiggins et al.

This VCII system digitally encrypts stereo audio using the DES encryption scheme and scrambles video by inverting the video polarity and moving color information to a nonstandard area frequency. It is noteworthy that the Videocipher II Plus design did not alter the video scrambling scheme (only the audio encryption was improved). As such, a Videocipher II decoder is still capable of decoding the video portion of a Videocipher II Plus encrypted stream. In the late eighties and early nineties, VideoCipher II modules that had been pirated, began to receive constant Electronic Counter Measures (ECM).

Berlo's model of communication developed from Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver's mathematical model, which was first published in Bell System Technical Journal in 1948. The model was primary designed to improve the technical communication, but was later widely applied in different fields of communication. According to the Shannon-Weaver model, communication includes the following concepts: sender, encoder, channel, decoder, receiver and feedback. Furthermore, there is also concept of “noise”, which affects the communication process going through the channel and makes the message more difficult to understand by the receiver.

This is why feedback from the receiver is important in case the message is not properly received. Furthermore, the noise can also affect the decoding of the message by the receiver. Practical Example of Shannon-Weaver model of communication: Thomson made call to his assistant “come here I want to see you.” During his call, noise appeared (transmission error) and his assistant received “I want” only. Again Assistant asked Thomson (feedback) “what do you want Thomson?” # Sender: Thomson # Encoder: Telephone (Thomson) # Channel: Cable # Noise: Distraction in voice # Decoder: Telephone (Assistant) # Receiver: Assistant.

Launch of DStv's first High Definition decoder the HD PVR, XtraView and the first HD channel, M-Net HD. M-Net began broadcasting a 720p high definition channel in 2010, which is available on the majority of availability of a HD PVR; the standard definition channel for non HD PVR subscribers, as is merely downscaled at the provider from the HD feed rather than having a devoted analog channel. In 2012, the original film/movie channels were expanded to 6 channels which grouped films according to genre/preference.

All the band's performances are accompanied by film projections put on by Simon Killalea who, while not playing an instrument, is considered a member of the band. Both of the films were shown at the Cannes Film Festival. 2005 saw the release of the band's third full-length album Fractions, as well as performances at Homebake, the Big Day Out concerts, Splendour in the Grass, Cockatoo Island Festival and the Perth International Arts Festival. In March 2006 Decoder Ring performed at the St Jerome's Laneway Festival in Sydney.

Examples of marketing include where a company's discounted and percent discount can be captured using a QR code decoder which is a mobile app, or storing a company's information such as address and related information alongside its alpha-numeric text data as can be seen in Yellow Pages directory. They can also be used in storing personal information for use by organizations. An example of this is Philippines National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) where NBI clearances now come with a QR code. Many of these applications target mobile-phone users (via mobile tagging).

After meeting Tōma, she learns that both he and Amakusas genuinely wanted to help her and rejoins them as battle nuns from the Catholic Church arrive to assassinate her. However, when they discover Orsola was never capable of deciphering the grimoire at all, the Catholic Church calls off the order to eliminate her and Necessarius grants her sanctuary. While it is unclear if Orsola is a member of Neccesarius, she has helped the organization by using her skills as a decoder. A common joke about her is her absent-mindedness.

It supported additional outputs not found on some of the standard decoders such as Component Video, as well as both coaxial and optical digital audio outputs. Support for Composite Video, S-Video and RF out were also available. It also had USB and Ethernet ports, but they didn't have a clear function as yet, and were likely to be used for updating the decoder. The MyStar Remote is similar to the standard Austar Digital remote, but it had the addition of buttons specific to recording and playing back video.

A bottle of wine from Coteaux du Layon: Clos des Bois Sélection de Grains Nobles 1994 by Jo Pithon Wine labels are important sources of information for consumers since they tell the type and origin of the wine. The label is often the only resource a buyer has for evaluating the wine before purchasing it. Certain information is ordinarily included in the wine label, such as the country of origin, quality, type of wine, alcoholic degree, producer, bottler, or importer.George, Rosemary, The Simon & Schuster Pocket Wine Label Decoder, 1989.

To add to its problems, when the Z8000 was first released it contained a number of bugs. This was due to its complex instruction decoder, which, unlike most processors of the era, did not use microcode and was dependant on logic implemented directly in the CPU. This allowed the design to eliminate the microcode storage and the associated decoding logic, which reduced to the transistor count to 17,500. In contrast, the contemporary Intel 8088 used 29,000 transistors, while the Motorola 68000 of a few months later used 68,000.

In 1994, the ITU approved the V.18 standard, which comprises two major parts, a dual standard. It is both an umbrella protocol that allows recognition and interoperability of some of the most commonly used textphone protocols, as well as offering a native V.18 mode, which is an ASCII full- or half-duplex modulation method. Computers can, with appropriate software and modem, emulate a V.18 TTY. Some voice modems, coupled with appropriate software, can now be converted to TTY modems by using a software-based decoder for TTY tones.

The group was first formed in 1999 by the actor-writer Gregg Taylor for a six-part mini-series take on the adventure programs of 1940s radio. (See “Original Red Panda mini-series” below). The programs were created as a pilot project for traditional broadcast, and were quite broad and silly in the belief that a comic approach might broaden their commercial potential. They were never broadcast. Taylor's next project returned to the theatre, and was also radio- based, leading him to keep using the “Decoder Ring” name.

SENSIO® Hi-Fi 3D is a set of technologies, composed of the SENSIO® 3D Encoder and the SENSIO® 3D Decoder, which provides maximum fidelity to the original 3D image through a unique and established method of quincunx subsampling combined with reconstruction algorithms that interpolate the missing data to a high level of accuracy. It is incorporated into video products for 3D production, delivery and viewing, and produces a level of fidelity to the original image that is indistinguishable to the naked eye, even at the lowest bitrates.

This is noise that is often caused by the sender (also known as either the encoder or the source). This type of noise occurs when grammar or technical language is used that the receiver (the decoder) cannot understand, or cannot understand it clearly. It occurs when the sender of the message uses a word or a phrase that we don't know the meaning of, or which we use in a different way from the speakers. This is usually due to the result that the encoder had failed to practice audience analysis at first.

The company also acts as official distributor of the DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) demodulator/decoder software, a result of the collaborative project between VT Merlin Communications, Fraunhofer Institute Integrierte Schaltungen (Integrated Circuits) and Coding Technologies. Apart from general-purpose radio, some unusual applications of WiNRADiO receivers have been reported, such as in radio astronomy or search for extraterrestrial intelligence. The Adelaide Hills Radio Telescope (radio astronomy) uses WiNRADiO equipment and software . WiNRADiO receivers are also reportedly applied in audio engineering for stage performances, in particular for spectrum analysis of wireless microphones.

In this case the next byte was the following instruction, but it had no way to feed that back into the first stage of the pipeline to decode it. The fetched instruction was instead discarded and re-read to feed it into the decoder. This wastes a cycle. Although this led to a number of instructions being slower than they could have been, this "feature" was retained in the 65C02, although whether this was in order to retain its pipeline's simplicity or its cycle timing is not explained in available sources.

Lenka provided the vocals for 2 tracks on Paul Mac's 2005 album Panic Room. As Lenka Kripac, she was a member of the Australian electronic- rock crossover band Decoder Ring for two of their albums. She then moved to California in 2007. After adopting her first name as her sole artistic name, Lenka released her eponymous debut album on 24 September 2008, with "The Show" (produced by Stuart Brawley) chosen to be the first single release from the set. The album peaked at number 142 on the US Billboard 200.

Although a soft feature freeze came into effect at the end of October 2017, development continued on several significant features. One of these in- progress features, the bitstream format, was projected to be frozen in January 2018 but was delayed due to unresolved critical bugs as well as further changes to transformations, syntax, the prediction of motion vectors, and the completion of legal analysis. The Alliance announced the release of the AV1 bitstream specification on 28 March 2018, along with a reference, software- based encoder and decoder. On 25 June 2018, a validated version 1.0.

Illustrate's dBpoweramp Music Converter, a Windows GUI program, has an HDCD DSP effect that acts as a front-end to the utility listed above.dBPoweramp's DSP Effects page ; dBpoweramp's local help file A plugin is available for foobar2000 that will decode HDCD data in any 16-bit PCM passed through it, resulting in a 20-bit PCM stream. FFmpeg's libavfilter includes an HDCD filter as of FFmpeg 3.1 (June 2016) that will convert 16-bit PCM with HDCD data to 20-bit PCM. An open-source HDCD decoder library exists as libhdcd.

Basic locomotive decoders provide control of speed and direction while supplemental function decoders control headlights, ditch lights, or movable non-traction components such as remote- controlled pantographs. Sound decoders play pre-recorded sound effects which may be synchronised with the locomotive speed, so that as a diesel locomotive starts from standstill, the sound decoder plays sounds of a diesel engine starting up. Sound decoders for steam locomotives can play "chuff" sounds synchronised with the driving wheels. Some decoders have all three functions—locomotive control, sound effects, and function control, in a single circuit.

The standard connector for the WTB nodes is a DIN 9 pin connector. The physical level uses RS-485 levels at 1 Mbit/s data rate. The encoding uses a Manchester II code and a HDLC frame protocol with proper voltage balancing to avoid DC components in the galvanic isolation transformers. The Manchester decoder uses a phase/quadrature demodulation (not RS485, that operates with zero-crossings) which allows to span 750 m under worst-case conditions, especially when only the two extremity vehicles are equipped, as is the case with multiple traction for freight trains.

The subchannel is a logical channel of data within the physical channel. Technically there can be up to 1024 subchannels in a physical channel, though in practice only a few are used (as the bandwidth must be divided among all the subchannels). There are two ways providers try to make this easier for consumers. The first, accomplished through PSIP, is where program and channel information is broadcast along with the video, allowing the consumer's decoder (set-top box or display) to automatically identify the many channels and subchannels.

MPEG-1 supports resolutions up to 4095×4095 (12 bits), and bit rates up to 100 Mbit/s. MPEG-1 videos are most commonly seen using Source Input Format (SIF) resolution: 352×240, 352×288, or 320×240. These relatively low resolutions, combined with a bitrate less than 1.5 Mbit/s, make up what is known as a constrained parameters bitstream (CPB), later renamed the "Low Level" (LL) profile in MPEG-2. This is the minimum video specifications any decoder should be able to handle, to be considered MPEG-1 compliant.

DCTs are widely used for encoding, decoding, video coding, audio coding, multiplexing, control signals, signaling, analog-to-digital conversion, formatting luminance and color differences, and color formats such as YUV444 and YUV411. DCTs are also used for encoding operations such as motion estimation, motion compensation, inter-frame prediction, quantization, perceptual weighting, entropy encoding, variable encoding, and motion vectors, and decoding operations such as the inverse operation between different color formats (YIQ, YUV and RGB) for display purposes. DCTs are also commonly used for high-definition television (HDTV) encoder/decoder chips.

A Sky Link device can be ordered for free by customers, in order to use a Wi-Fi connection on the older My Sky boxes. The new Kaon box has an ability to block recording features and storage capacity. The decoder upgrade allowed Sky to cease broadcasting scrambled channels using H.262 video compression in favor of H.264, which means Sky roughly doubled its capacity on satellite for additional channels and possibly Ultra H.265 HD broadcasts in the future. The upgrade of transponders to H.264 was completed in March 2019.

Apple strengthened Mac OS X by implementing stack protection, and sandboxing more Mac OS X components such as the H.264 decoder in QuickTime and browser plug-ins as a separate process in Safari."Peering Inside Snow Leopard Security", TidBITS Safe Computing, August 27, 2009 Secure virtual memory was an option in earlier releases on Snow Leopard, but the checkbox to disable it was removed later. An anti-malware feature was also added to the system that alerts the user if malware is detected. Mac OS X 10.6.

A 16 channel command control system named Zero 1 was introduced in late 1979. Zero 1 was based on digital, not analogue, technology and as such was a forerunner to the NMRA Digital Command Control (DCC) system, which appeared in the 1990s. Advertisements claimed that 16 locomotives could be operated independently at the same time. Though an important milestone, Zero 1 was not widely successful; the controller units and decoder modules required for the locomotives were expensive, but with clean track and well serviced locos the system worked well.

To start with, one of the two accumulators was removed. General-purpose registers like accumulators have to be accessed by many parts of the instruction decoder, and thus require significant amounts of wiring to move data to and from their storage. Two accumulators makes many coding tasks easier, but costs the chip design itself significant complexity. Further savings were made by reducing the stack register from 16 to 8 bits, meaning that the stack could only be 256 bytes long, which was enough for its intended role as a microcontroller.

A significant reason for the demise of American teletext was when Zenith introduced built-in closed captioning decoders in TVs in the early '90s, as mandated by the FCC. It was not practical for Zenith to re-design their TV chassis models that previously had teletext decoder support to have both teletext and closed captioning support. So Zenith decided to drop the teletext features, therefore ending teletext service in the US in the early 1990s, considering Zenith was the only major manufacturer of teletext-equipped sets in the United States.

To address various applications ranging from low-quality, low-resolution surveillance cameras to high definition TV broadcasting and DVDs, many video standards group features into profiles and levels. MPEG-4 Part 2 has approximately 21 profiles, including profiles called Simple, Advanced Simple, Main, Core, Advanced Coding Efficiency, Advanced Real Time Simple, etc. The most commonly deployed profiles are Advanced Simple and Simple, which is a subset of Advanced Simple. Most of the video compression schemes standardize the bitstream (and thus the decoder) leaving the encoder design to the individual implementations.

WebM Project licenses VP8 hardware accelerators (RTL IP) to semiconductor companies for 1080p encoding and decoding at zero cost. AMD, ARM and Broadcom have announced support for hardware acceleration of the WebM format. Intel is also considering hardware-based acceleration for WebM in its Atom-based TV chips if the format gains popularity. Qualcomm and Texas Instruments have announced support, with native support coming to the TI OMAP processor. Chips&Media; have announced a fully hardware decoder for VP8 that can decode full HD resolution (1080p) VP8 streams at 60 frames per second.

The flashes of light given off by the index stripes were amplified by the photomultiplier and then sent into the color decoder as normal.2,910,615 Delays in the timing circuitry itself were taken care of by slightly adjusting the position of the index stripes on the tube. This eliminated much of the circuitry associated with the index timing, and led to a lower-cost chassis. However, it also introduced the photomultiplier, a complex tube of its own that was at that time still in its developmental infancy and relatively expensive.

He also appeared on the MSNBC show Countdown with Keith Olbermann on March 19, 2005, discussing The Da Vinci Code and his DaVinci Code Decoder Ring. In Disney Studios' animated film Atlantis: The Lost Empire released in 2001, Don Novello uses the voice and speech style of Father Sarducci to portray the character of demolitions expert Vinny Santorini. Sarducci was present at the First Annual "Geno Roast" at the Aqua Turf in Southington, Connecticut. He gave the prayer of invocation and roasted the UConn Huskies women's basketball coach Geno Auriemma.

John Phillips, Head of Security, accuses Sebastian's senior Jewish decoder Elsa Shahn of being a poor security risk, because of her left-wing Communist leanings. Sebastian convinces the Head of Intelligence to retain Shahn despite Phillips' objections, expressing how vital Shahn is to the decoding office and reaffirming that she enjoys his full confidence. Eventually, Becky and Sebastian engage in an affair, which upsets Sebastian's longtime girlfriend (and washed-up pop singer) Carol Fancy. Ultimately, Shahn betrays Sebastian's trust by providing recently decoded information to a left-wing political organisation.

The decoder outputs data in the same format.ETSI EN 300 726 V.8.0.1 (2000-11) - (GSM 06.60 version 8.0.1 Release 1999), Retrieved on 2009-07-08 The Enhanced Full Rate (GSM 06.60) technical specification describes the detailed mapping between input blocks of 160 speech samples in 13-bit uniform PCM format to encoded blocks of 244 bits and from encoded blocks of 244 bits to output blocks of 160 reconstructed speech samples. It also specifies the conversion between A-law or μ-law (PCS 1900) 8-bit PCM and 13-bit uniform PCM.

The codec operates on 160 sample frames that span 20 ms, so this is the minimum transcoder delay possible even with infinitely fast CPUs and zero network latency. The operational requirement is that the transcoder delay should be less than 30 ms. The transcoder delay is defined as the time interval between the instant a speech frame of 160 samples has been received at the encoder input and the instant the corresponding 160 reconstructed speech samples have been out-put by the speech decoder at an 8 kHz sample rate.ETSI EN 300 961 V8.1.

Boxed features quadraphonic remixed versions of his first three albums. Oldfield later explained that instead of being true 4 channel sound, the initial quad remix of Tubular Bells, released few months after the stereo version, was a "strange fake out-of-phase system", because it was so complex a mix without automation. The quad remix of Tubular Bells on Boxed was entirely different and true 4 channel sound (later released on SACD). The Boxed-CD version still contains the SQ-encoded quad mixes and plays as normal stereo without a quad decoder.

SportsCafe was a New Zealand sports TV show. The show's original run was hosted by Lana Coc-Kroft, Marc Ellis, Leigh Hart, Graeme Hill, Ric Salizzo and reporter Eva Evguenieva. In 2001 Leigh Hart was added to the cast under his persona of 'That Guy'. The show first screened on New Zealand television in 1996 on Sky Sport; however, those without a Sky subscription could view SportsCafe without a UHF Sky decoder by tuning their TV to the Sky Sport UHF channel, as the signal was not scrambled during this show.

With pipelining the "trick" is to start decoding the next instruction even before the first has left the CPU, in the fashion of an assembly line, so the address decoder is constantly in use. Any particular instruction takes the same amount of time to complete, a time known as the latency, but the CPU can process an entire batch of operations much faster and more efficiently than if it did so one at a time. Vector processors take this concept one step further. Instead of pipelining just the instructions, they also pipeline the data itself.

For the latter, FEC is an integral part of the initial analog-to-digital conversion in the receiver. The Viterbi decoder implements a soft-decision algorithm to demodulate digital data from an analog signal corrupted by noise. Many FEC coders can also generate a bit-error rate (BER) signal which can be used as feedback to fine-tune the analog receiving electronics. The maximum proportion of errors or missing bits that can be corrected is determined by the design of the ECC, so different forward error correcting codes are suitable for different conditions.

Two video coding formats with corresponding codecs and one container format have been created within the FFmpeg project so far. The two video codecs are the lossless FFV1, and the lossless and lossy Snow codec. Development of Snow has stalled, while its bit-stream format has not been finalized yet, making it experimental since 2011. The multimedia container format called NUT is no longer being actively developed, but still maintained. In summer 2010, Fiona Glaser, Ronald Bultje, and David Conrad of the FFmpeg Team announced the ffvp8 decoder.

RFC 3548, entitled The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings, is an informational (non-normative) memo that attempts to unify the RFC 1421 and RFC 2045 specifications of Base64 encodings, alternative-alphabet encodings, and the Base32 (which is seldom used) and Base16 encodings. Unless implementations are written to a specification that refers to RFC 3548 and specifically requires otherwise, RFC 3548 forbids implementations from generating messages containing characters outside the encoding alphabet or without padding, and it also declares that decoder implementations must reject data that contain characters outside the encoding alphabet.

Much to Crosby's chagrin, McGuinn and Hillman reworked his unfinished song "Draft Morning" following his departure and included it in the final running order for the album, awarding themselves a co-writing credit in the process. In the end, Crosby ended up playing on about half of The Notorious Byrd Brothers, appearing on his own three songs, plus "Change Is Now" and "Old John Robertson". Crosby also appears on several of the bonus tracks included on the 1997 reissue, including "Triad", "Universal Mind Decoder" and an early version of "Goin' Back".

After bit stuffing, the data string is padded to the next codeword boundary by appending 1 bits. If this would result in a code word of all ones, the last bit is changed to zero (and will be ignored by the decoder as a bit-stuffing bit). On decoding, the padding bits may be decoded as shift and latch codes, but that will not affect the message content. The reader must accept and ignore a partial code at the end of the message, as long as it is all-ones.

The DSP-1 also included an analog Dolby Surround decoder as well as other effects such as real-time echo and pitch change. Most of the DSP-1's controls are on the unit's remote control. The reason, as mentioned in the manual, being that it was felt that adjustments should be done at the listening position. This can make it difficult for collectors to find a complete functioning unit, although there is at least one provider of aftermarket remote controls with duplicate programming for the DSP-1 if needed.

The TiVo service was launched in the United Kingdom in the autumn of 2000. It sold only 35,000 units over the next 18 months. Thomson, makers of the only UK TiVo box, abandoned it in early 2002 after BSkyB launched its Sky+ integrated "set-top" decoder and DVR, which dominated the market for DVRs in homes subscribing to BSkyB's paid-for satellite television service. Many manufacturers, including ThomsonFreeview/Freeview Playback/Satellite/Cable, PVR UK website, Undated .Accessed: 04-30-2008.Latest Range Freeview website, Undated .Accessed:04-30-2008.

Serial access requires far fewer electrical connections for the memory chips than does parallel access, which has simplified the manufacture of multi-gigabyte drives. Computers access flash memory systems very much like hard disk drives, where the controller system has full control over where information is actually stored. The actual EEPROM writing and erasure processes are, however, still very similar to the earlier systems described above. Many low-cost MP3 players simply add extra software and a battery to a standard flash memory control microprocessor so it can also serve as a music playback decoder.

The Jurassic World Live Tour show follows an original storyline that takes place at some point between the first two Jurassic World movies. The story is written by Shawn Thomas and Steve Jarczak and directed by Dan Shipton and Ross Nicholson. The story begins on the day Jurassic World falls and ends before the beginning of the adventures shown in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. The story will focus around a team of scientists led by Dr. Kate Walker that have been working on a "Dino-Decoder," a device that allows humans to understand dinosaur emotions.

The film is perhaps the definitive account of Burroughs' life, and Brookner and Burroughs maintained a very close collaboration during the shooting process. The film features interviews with many of Burroughs' friends and collaborators including Allen Ginsberg, Brion Gysin, Francis Bacon, Herbert Huncke, Patti Smith and Terry Southern. Burroughs subsequently made cameo appearances in a number of other films and videos, such as David Blair's Wax or the Discovery of Television Among the Bees, an elliptic story about the first Gulf War in which Burroughs plays a beekeeper, and Decoder by Klaus Maeck.

While being read, the paper tape's shift column would signal the BDC decoder to ignore the next codes. The hardware implementation eventually revealed itself as an anti- feature. If one assumed that all the data being read and written was a decimal representation of binary data the system made perfect sense, but if the data was in some other form, more complex assembler language character codes for instance, it ended up simply adding complexity that then had to be turned off. The system was eventually removed when assembler programming became common.

Prior to her marriage June Southby was a nurse at St George's Hospital, London, then, being bilingual in German, she joined the WRNS as a 'decoder' of German signals at Chatham Naval Base, a sub-station of Station X, aka Bletchley Park. Norman Tailyour was twice mentioned in despatches (NW Europe 1945 and Suez 1956) and was awarded his first Distinguished Service Order (DSO) when in command of 27 Battalion Royal Marines in 1945 and a Bar to the DSO when commanding 45 Commando in Cyprus in 1956.

Sinistar was the first game to use stereo sound (in the sit- down version), with two independent front and back sound boards for this purpose. It was also used a 49-way optical joystick that Williams produced specifically for this game. The voice of Sinistar was recorded by radio personality John DoremusInternet Movie Database and played through an HC-55516 CVSD decoder Sinistar contains a bug that grants the player many lives (ships). It happens only if the player is down to one life and the Sinistar is about to eat the player's ship.

Once the signal has passed through the communication channel, it must be effectively captured by a receiver. The goal of the receiver is to capture and reconstruct the signal before it passed through the transmitter (i.e. the A/D converter, modulator and encoder). This is done by passing the "received" signal through another circuit containing the following components: # Noise Filter # Digital-to- analog converter # Decoder # Demodulator # Signal Amplifier Most likely the signal will have lost some of its energy after having passed through the communication channel or medium.

Adaptive delta modulation (ADM) was first published by Dr. John E. Abate (AT&T; Bell Laboratories Fellow) in his doctoral thesis at NJ Institute Of Technology in 1968. ADM was later selected as the standard for all NASA communications between mission control and space-craft. Adaptive delta modulation or Continuously variable slope delta modulation (CVSD) is a modification of DM in which the step size is not fixed. Rather, when several consecutive bits have the same direction value, the encoder and decoder assume that slope overload is occurring, and the step size becomes progressively larger.

Due to the limited redundancy that Hamming codes add to the data, they can only detect and correct errors when the error rate is low. This is the case in computer memory (ECC memory), where bit errors are extremely rare and Hamming codes are widely used. In this context, an extended Hamming code having one extra parity bit is often used. Extended Hamming codes achieve a Hamming distance of four, which allows the decoder to distinguish between when at most one one-bit error occurs and when any two-bit errors occur.

In 1976, Ben Bauer integrated matrix and discrete systems into USQ, or Universal SQ. It was a hierarchical 4-4-4 discrete matrix that used the SQ matrix as the baseband for discrete quadraphonic FM broadcasts using additional difference signals called "T" and "Q". For a USQ FM broadcast, the additional "T" modulation was placed at 38 kHz in quadrature to the standard stereo difference signal and the "Q" modulation was placed on a carrier at 76 kHz. For standard 2-channel SQ Matrix broadcasts, CBS recommended that an optional pilot-tone be placed at 19 kHz in quadrature to the regular pilot-tone to indicate SQ encoded signals and activate the listeners Logic decoder. CBS argued that the SQ system should be selected as the standard for quadraphonic FM because, in FCC listening tests of the various four channel broadcast proposals, the 4:2:4 SQ system, decoded with a CBS Paramatrix decoder, outperformed 4:3:4 (without logic) as well as all other 4:2:4 (with logic) systems tested, approaching the performance of a discrete master tape within a very slight margin.“A subjective evaluation of FM Quadraphonic reproduction systems – Listening tests” Federal Communications Commission, Office of the Chief Engineer, Laboratory Division, Laurel, Maryland.

ARM GPRs have no special purpose to the instruction set (the ARM ISA does not require accumulator, index, and stack/base points. Registers do not have an accumulator and base/stack point can only be used in thumb mode). Any GPRs can propagate and store multiple instructions independently in smaller code size that is small enough to be able to fit in one register and its architectural register act as a table and shared with all decoder/instructions with simple bank switching between decoders. The major difference between ARM and other designs is that ARM allows to run on the same general-purpose register with quick bank switching without requiring additional register file in superscalar. Despite x86 sharing the same mechanism with ARM that its GPRs can store any data individually, x86 will confront data dependency if more than three non-related instructions are stored, as its GPRs per file are too small (eight in 32 bit mode and 16 in 64 bit, compared to ARM's 13 in 32 bit and 31 in 64 bit) for data, and it is impossible to have superscalar without multiple register files to feed to its decoder (x86 code is big and complex compared to ARM).

One was an analog recorder with a 4-minute capacity and a range of 300 to 50,000 Hz. Four whip antennas were mounted at 90° intervals along the equator of the sphere. It also held two microwave antennas, a transistorized telemetry generator, a VHF diplexer, and a command decoder. The transmitters and receivers were set up so two of each would be running at any given time, the others were on standby and could be switched in by ground command. The sphere was covered with 19,200 solar cells, charging nickel-cadmium batteries, providing 60 W power.

From 2000-2007, Chorus offered a sports channel which specialised in Gaelic Athletic Association coverage. Outside of Cork, the company carried the basic channel pack on all analogue cable links unencrypted to save on decoder equipment. Premium channels including Sky Sports and Sky Movies were always available, with more movies as well as the Fantasy Channel in some areas. In May 2005 the Broadcasting Commission of Ireland announced that it was issuing Chorus with a ten-year broadcasting contract for a channel to replace the sports channel to carry documentaries, arts programming and an expanded selection of sports coverage, including motor sports.

As they return the book to Walter, Peter notices numbers in the astrological charts in the book are the same as the broadcast numbers. They give the book to Astrid, a skilled decoder, along with copious volumes of data from biotechnology corporation Massive Dynamic about the numbers stations. Later, the crash of a small commuter aircraft is attributed to a similar signal from a numbers station, and when Fringe division identifies the source, they find a second box. Taking the box to Walter, Peter identifies one of the electronic components as rare, and engages his contacts to find Feller's address from its purchase.

As the aircraft transitions from a ground vehicle to a flying vehicle rudder input is stopped by the pilot and the aircraft will weathervane. The subsequent drift angle will allow the aircraft to fly on a straight course. Pilots may receive this data through a "Snowtam runway state decoder" which forms an appendix to the internationally recognised METAR (METeorological Actual Report). In some countries in Europe, pilots will not receive local updated/modified braking action reports directly from an Air traffic control (ATC) source unless a recent braking action test has been carried out and is being officially issued.

Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding, abbreviated as HVXC is a speech coding algorithm specified in MPEG-4 Part 3 (MPEG-4 Audio) standard for very low bit rate speech coding. HVXC supports bit rates of 2 and 4 kbit/s in the fixed and variable bit rate mode and sampling frequency 8 kHz. It also operates at lower bitrates, such as 1.2 - 1.7 kbit/s, using a variable bit rate technique. The total algorithmic delay for the encoder and decoder is 36 ms. It was published as subpart 2 of ISO/IEC 14496-3:1999 (MPEG-4 Audio) in 1999.

However each bundle has a variable number of instructions actually encoded. Each execution slot can start speculatively executing its instruction field in the bundle buffer, and if later found to be outside the actual instruction bundle, the slot is stopped and results discarded. If one of the decoders has no instructions in its stream, a no-op delay can be issued by a small fixed-format data item located in an alignment hole of the instruction bundle in the opposite decoder. This helps maintain code density by reducing the incidence of no-operation codes in Mill code.

After Hüsker Dü disbanded, Grant Hart formed a band called Nova Mob. Many avant-garde and electronic musicians including Genesis P-Orridge, Negativland, John Oswald, and other techno and industrial music artists have created compositions using the technique of cutting up audio tape and rearranging the pieces to create new sounds. The German film Decoder, which stars P-Orridge and Burroughs, is largely based on ideas in these novels. Iggy Pop, in his song "Lust For Life", mentions Nova Mob member Johnny Yen, and sings "well, that's like hypnotizing chickens", a line from The Ticket That Exploded.

Between 22 and 23 March 2011, an encoder software change allowed the Freeview version of BBC HD to automatically detect progressive material and change encoding mode appropriately, meaning the channel can switch to 1080p25. This was extended to all of the other Freeview HD channels in October 2011. To ensure provision of audio description, broadcasters typically use the AAC codec. Hardware restrictions allow only a single type of audio decoder to operate at any one time, so the main audio and the audio description must use the same encoding family for them to be successfully combined at the receiver.

Zinf can play sound files in MP3, Vorbis, and WAV formats, among others. It supports skins and is part of the MusicBrainz network. The player features an optimized version of the Xing MPEG decoder, a powerful music browser and playlist editor, and a built in download manager which supports downloading files from sites using the RMP (RealJukebox) download process. Zinf was also notable for handling all audio files based on their metadata (Author, Album, Song Title), and hiding more-technical details like actual locations and file names (but these features are now standard in many players).

After color transformation, the image is split into so-called tiles, rectangular regions of the image that are transformed and encoded separately. Tiles can be any size, and it is also possible to consider the whole image as one single tile. Once the size is chosen, all the tiles will have the same size (except optionally those on the right and bottom borders). Dividing the image into tiles is advantageous in that the decoder will need less memory to decode the image and it can opt to decode only selected tiles to achieve a partial decoding of the image.

A TV Project Planned on Female Leadership Jensen, Elizabeth, Media Decoder article, New York Times, May 2011 Each year, they bring transformational stories in the form of documentary film to six million viewers in eight countries and gather 40,000 people in village squares, rural classrooms, and urban slums. WGLG integrates documentary into a community conversation. Can Film Be a Game Changer for Women and Girls? Sevicik, Kimberly, Bay Area International Link, September 19, 2014 In 2014 the US department of state shared the details of a U.S.-India Cooperation on Promoting Women’s Empowerment highlighting the involvement of one of the 9 countries.

The clock multiplier value may be one, two or four (typically designated "x1", "x2" and "x4", or "1x", "2x" and "4x"). In the case of a x4 multiplier, the counts will change for every AB state change, thereby resulting in a count rate equal to four times the A or B frequency. The x2 and x1 multipliers allow the counts to change on some, but not all AB state changes, as shown in the quadrature decoder state table above (note: this table shows one of several possible implementations for x2 and x1 multipliers; other implementations may enable counting at different AB transitions).

Cover to All Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940–1941), the first appearance of the JSA. Art by E.E. Hibbard. A fan club for the team called the "Junior Justice Society of America" was introduced in All Star Comics #14 (Dec. 1942-Jan. 1943). The membership kit included a welcome letter, a badge, a decoder, a four-page comic book, and a membership certificate. By All Star Comics #24 (Spring 1945), a real-world schism between National Comics and All-American Publications—a nominally independent company run by Max Gaines and Jack Liebowitz—had occurred, which resulted in the Detective Comics, Inc.

Viewers are advised to turn the decoder on standby mode or rescan to receive the changes. Before August 2004, TV2 used to be RTM's only English channel. The former slogan used before August 2004 was "The Golden Channel". In 1994, RTM saw the need for the Malay-market demand and in December 1994, TV2 began broadcasting Malay programming bit by bit when "Berita Tengah Malam" (Midnight News, in Malay), began airing on 27 December 1994 but from the start of 1996, the late news bulletin moved to TV1, leaving only news in English, Mandarin and Tamil to TV2.

Because the header lacks error detection codes, it is repeated three times for redundancy. EAS decoders compare the received headers against one another, looking for an exact match between any two, eliminating most errors which can cause an activation to fail. The decoder then decides whether to ignore the message or to relay it on the air if the message applies to the local area served by the station (following parameters set by the broadcaster). The SAME header bursts are followed by an attention tone, which lasts between 8 and 25 seconds, depending on the originating station.

EAS participants are required by federal law to relay Emergency Action Notification (EAN) messages immediately (47 CFR Part 11.54). Broadcasters traditionally have been allowed to opt out of relaying other alerts such as severe weather, and child abduction emergencies (AMBER Alerts) if they so choose (in practice, severe weather coverage is usually handled by a station's local news operation and on-air meteorologists, rather than processed through EAS). EAS participants are required to keep logs of all received messages. Logs may be kept by hand but are usually kept automatically by a small receipt printer in the encoder/decoder unit.

The ability to narrow messages down so that only the actual area in danger is alerted is extremely helpful in preventing false warnings, which was previously a major tune-out factor. Instead of sounding for all warnings within a station's area, SAME-decoder radios now sound only for the counties for which they are programmed. When the alarm sounds, anyone with the radio knows that the danger is nearby and protective action should be taken. For this reason, the goal of the National Weather Service is that each home should have both a smoke detector and a SAME weather radio.

A few months later, a new subscription service known as beoutQ emerged, which repackaged the beIN Sports channels as their own by overlaying its own digital on-screen graphics (DOG) on the feed. Initially, the service was distributed online, but later began to be distributed via 10 satellite channels. The service's launch was backed by a social media campaign on Twitter; Saud al-Qahtani, former adviser to King Abdullah, participated in the campaign. It was reported that the service's associated decoder boxes and subscriptions had become widely available across the country, bundled with a free one-year subscription.

Those operands may be specified as a constant value (called an immediate value), or as the location of a value that may be a processor register or a memory address, as determined by some addressing mode. In some CPU designs the instruction decoder is implemented as a hardwired, unchangeable circuit. In others, a microprogram is used to translate instructions into sets of CPU configuration signals that are applied sequentially over multiple clock pulses. In some cases the memory that stores the microprogram is rewritable, making it possible to change the way in which the CPU decodes instructions.

Similarly, ISO/IEC 10918-2 defines encoder precisions in terms of a maximal allowable error in the DCT domain. This is in so far unusual as many other standards define only decoder conformance and only require from the encoder to generate a syntactically correct codestream. The test images found in ISO/IEC 10918-2 are (pseudo-) random patterns, to check for worst-cases. As ISO/IEC 10918-1 does not define colorspaces, and neither includes the YCbCr to RGB transformation of JFIF (now ISO/IEC 10918-5), the precision of the latter transformation cannot be tested by ISO/IEC 10918-2.

He was one of the important contributors to the development of a decoder of long-constraint- length (K=13, K=15) convolutional codes, which were added to the Galileo spacecraft upon the redesign of its mission, following the 1986 crash of the Space Shuttle. In 1950s, McEliece collaborated with Elwyn Berlekamp at the University of California, Berkeley, where he showed the difficulty of decoding general linear codes. From 1978 and until his retirement McEliece served as a consultant for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which at that time was under management of Fabrizio Pollara. He died in Pasadena, California on May 8, 2019.

Listeners were advised to get their own for only 15 cents and the inner seal from a jar of Peter Pan Peanut Butter, which was produced by the sponsor, Derby Foods. The Signalscope included a glow-in-the- dark signaling device, whistle, magnifying glass, and Sky King's private code. With the Signalscope, one could also see around corners and trees.Sky King Memorabilia The premiums were innovative, such as the Sky King Spy-Detecto Writer, which had a "decoder" (cipher disk), magnifying glass, measuring scale, and printing mechanism in a single package slightly over two inches long.

Some supplemental enhancement information containing data such as picture timing information may also precede the primary coded picture. The primary coded picture consists of a set of VCL NAL units consisting of slices or slice data partitions that represent the samples of the video picture. Following the primary coded picture may be some additional VCL NAL units that contain redundant representations of areas of the same video picture. These are referred to as redundant coded pictures, and are available for use by a decoder in recovering from loss or corruption of the data in the primary coded pictures.

Nvidia's video encoder, NVENC, was upgraded to be 1.5 to 2 times faster than on Kepler-based GPUs, meaning it can encode video at six to eight times playback speed. Nvidia also claims an eight to ten times performance increase in PureVideo Feature Set E video decoding due to the video decoder cache, paired with increases in memory efficiency. However, H.265 is not supported for full hardware decoding in first generation Maxwell GPUs, relying on a mix of hardware and software decoding. When decoding video, a new low power state "GC5" is used on Maxwell GPUs to conserve power.

Born Jacob Rabinowitz in Brooklyn, Rollins was the son of Yiddish-speaking immigrants from Russia. In 1933, he graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School, and in 1937 earned a bachelor's degree from the City College of New York. He spent two years working for an orphanage in Chicago before being drafted into the United States Army during World War II. Rollins worked as a decoder of communications in India during the war where one of his commanding officers was actor Melvyn Douglas. Rollins assisted Douglas in staging shows at the China–Burma–India theater and developed a friendship with him.

The system offered news, weather and sports information along with shopping mall guides and coupons. Cableshare also developed and sold a leading NAPLPS page creation utility called the "Picture Painter." In the late 1980s, Tribune Media Services (TMS) and the Associated Press operated a cable television channel called AP News Plus that provided NAPLPS-based news screens to cable television subscribers in many U.S. cities. The news pages were created and edited by TMS staffers working on an Atex editing system in Orlando, Florida, and sent by satellite to NAPLPS decoder devices located at the local cable television companies.

During the same period, the Task Force on Service to the Public was given the job of using Telidon as a way to provide public access to government information and services. By late 1979 Norpak had developed a version of the Telidon decoder that was housed in a box about the size of a modern digital cable set top box. A menu selection keyset, about the size and shape of a contemporary calculator, connected to it using a ribbon cable. With the hardware in place, the CRC started working with telecommunications providers to test the system in production settings.

DVD Player complies with most copyright laws, and will thus enforce most restrictive measures of DVD technology, such as region-restrictive encodings and user-inhibited operations ("disabled actions"). It does this even when using an all-region DVD drive. It will even force Apple's Grab (screen-grabbing) program to cease functioning through the Finder interface until the DVD Player application is quit, effectively preventing the user from taking screen captures of visual DVD content. The software does not contain a DTS decoder, so DTS tracks cannot be played through the Mac's built in speakers or analog output.

QoE metrics are often measured at the end devices and can conceptually be seen as the remaining quality after the distortion introduced during the preparation of the content and the delivery through the network, until it reaches the decoder at the end device. There are several elements in the media preparation and delivery chain, and some of them may introduce distortion. This causes degradation of the content, and several elements in this chain can be considered as ”QoE-relevant“ for the offered services. The causes of degradation are applicable for any multimedia service, that is, not exclusive to video or speech.

WHPR-FM was admonished by the FCC in 2001 for running advertising contrary to its status as a "Noncommercial Educational Station."FCC document: "In the Matter of R.J.'S Late Night Entertainment Corporation: Memorandum Opinion and Order", June 14, 2001. In 2011, the station was fined $22,000 for numerous violations, including relocating its transmitter without FCC authorization, failure to keep a public file and not having any EAS equipment in use (the station's EAS decoder was stored in a closet).FCC document: "In the Matter of R.J.'S Late Night Entertainment Corporation: Notice of apparent liability for forfeiture and order", October 21, 2011.

Immediately after the final whistle was blown, Leopards fans invaded the pitch in celebration and engaged their Gor Mahia counterparts in provocative banter, which resulted in stone- throwing between the two sets of fans. Several people were injured in the fray, and police were forced to use tear-gas to clear them from the pitch and the VIP section of the stadium. After the clash between the fans, Noah Wafula was named Man of the Match and Player of the Tournament in addition to receiving a winner's medal, and won a GOtv decoder as part of the award.

In contrast, locally decodable codes use a small number of bits of the codeword to probabilistically recover the original information. The fraction of errors determines how likely it is that the decoder correctly recovers the original bit; however, not all locally decodable codes are locally testable. Clearly, any valid codeword should be accepted as a codeword, but strings that are not codewords could be only one bit off, which would require many (certainly more than a constant number) probes. To account for this, testing failure is only defined if the string is off by at least a set fraction of its bits.

Spice mobile Corporation assured that Mi-435 comes with Android v4.0.4 latest version of Ice Cream Sandwich. Mi-435 is powered by Qualcomm Snapdragon 1 GHz S4 Processor it uses Snapdragon MSM8225 chipset which can handle multitasking and load applications According to Spice it has in-built audio-video player and decoder capable of offering 1080p HD video play. It comes with features like GPS/AGPS for location tracking, and Push Mail for smarter mail sync that conserves battery life, the Spice Stellar Nhance can be enhanced is secured with a 6-month subscription to NQ Mobile Security.

The MicroSparc IIep was selected because of its high level of integration, good performance, low cost, and general availability. NeWT included 8 MB of EDO DRAM and 4 MB of NOR flash. The graphics controller used was the ATI Rage 128 because of its low power, 2D rendering performance, and low cost. It also included an ATI video encoder for TV-out (removed in the Sun Ray 1), a Philips Semiconductor SAA7114 video decoder/scaler, Crystal Semiconductor audio CODEC, Sun Microelectronics Ethernet controller, PCI USB host interface with 4 port hub, and I²C smart card interface.

The Set-Top box is a key component in Addressability Systems it is an Integrated receiver/decoder (IRD). Normally, the Headend receives a signal sent by a service provider, which may send the signal, for example, via an uplink (UL) to a satellite and a downlink (DL) from the satellite to the Headend. At the Headend, the signal may be manipulated, for example, by being scrambled, encrypted and having authorization codes attached thereto by a Scrambler. The billing system or BSS typically manages products and services, customers and addressable equipment such as the converters and controllers.

In 1997 the band released a compilation of rarities, Mo Poontang. During 1997-1998 the band had two guitars in line-up – Pete Kelly (ex- Disneyfist, Sea Life Park, Decoder Ring) joined the band on second guitar and helped record the band's fourth album, Real McCoy, Wrong Sinatra. It was recorded in a home built eight-track studio in Gerroa, New South Wales, which peaked at No. 10 on the Australian Music Report's Top 10 Localternative Albums. From late October 1999 until 2002 the band went on an extended hiatus while drummer Alison Galloway went trekking across the world.

In the initial experiment the rewarded action was pushing a lever in the remote location corresponding to the position of a lever near a lighted LED at the home location. About a month was required for the rats to acclimate themselves to incoming "brainwaves." > Lastly, it is important to stress that the topology of BTBI does not need to > be restricted to one encoder and one decoder subjects. Instead, we have > already proposed that, in theory, channel accuracy can be increased if > instead of a dyad a whole grid of multiple reciprocally interconnected > brains are employed.

There are remote adapters to capture from RMON, NetFlow, SFlow, Cisco AP's, Aruba AP's, and Linux boxes. Adapters are available to aggregate packets from multiple network segments and wireless channels at the same time. The most notable decoders are the protospecs and decoder files, which are interpreted text files that can be extended by the user to enhance the display and analysis of existing protocols, and add knowledge of completely new protocols, without releasing new versions of the application. The plugin Wizards for the Omnipeek Console and the OmniEngine are Microsoft Visual Studio Project Templates that generate working plug-ins.

The decoding algorithm described above can be used to correct all errors up to less than dD/4 in number. Using minimum distance decoding, the outer decoder can correct all inputs y' with less than D/2 symbols y'i in error. Similarly, the inner code can reliably correct an input yi if less than d/2 inner symbols are erroneous. Thus, for an outer symbol y'i to be incorrect after inner decoding at least d/2 inner symbols must have been in error, and for the outer code to fail this must have happened for at least D/2 outer symbols.

As early as 1988, Märklin announced their intention to offer digital train control systems in Z scale, and Märklin's 1988 Z scale product catalog listed three locomotives with a built-in digital decoder. However, the technology was not developed enough, and the manufacturer had to cancel these plans, mainly due to heat dissipation problems in locomotive decoders. Since then, these problems have been solved, Z scale has embraced advanced electronics (e.g., microprocessors originally developed for cell phones, surface-mount technology, etc.), and an increasing number of modellers have converted their locomotives to use third party digital model train control systems.

In the years leading up to World War II he composed his first large-scale orchestral works – 'Symphonic Prologue' and 'Five Pieces for Orchestra' – and developed his own compositional system of 'Complex Metres'. During the War, as a captain in the Intelligence Corps (1940–1946), he used his linguistic abilities at Bletchley Park codes centre as a cryptographer and a decoder of Russian, Romanian and Japanese texts. In 1944 Jones married his second wife, Irene Goodchild, with whom he would have one son and one daughter. After the War, Jones won increasing recognition as an innovative composer.

Data channels are required to use some other form of pulse-stuffing, such as always setting bit 8 to '1', in order to maintain a sufficient density of ones. Of course, this lowers the effective data throughput to 56 kbit/s per channel.Telecom Dictionary, retrieved 25 January 2007 If the characteristics of the input data do not follow the pattern that every eighth bit is '1', the coder using alternate mark inversion adds a '1' after seven consecutive zeros to maintain synchronisation. On the decoder side, this extra '1' added by the coder is removed, recreating the correct data.

Were CSA to be broken, encrypted DVB transmissions would be decipherable, which would compromise paid digital television services, as DVB has been standardised for digital terrestrial television in Europe and elsewhere, and is used by many satellite television providers. Most attacks on the pay-TV system have not targeted CSA itself, but instead the various key exchange systems responsible for generating the CSA keys (Conax, Irdeto, VideoGuard, etc.), either by reverse-engineering and breaking the algorithms altogether, or by intercepting the keys in real-time as they are generated on a legitimate decoder, and then distributing them to others (so-called card sharing).

He meant that computers would be activated by words, which would be converted into a mathematical representation using fuzzy sets (FSs), and that these FSs would be mapped by a CWW engine into some other FS, after which the latter would be converted back into a word. Zadeh’s definition of CWW is very general and does not refer to a specific field in which CWW would be used. Perceptual computing focuses on CWW for making subjective judgments. (CWW) engine, whose output is one or more other FSs, which are then mapped by the decoder into a recommendation (subjective judgment) with supporting data.

Julius is a speech recognition engine, specifically a high-performance, two- pass large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) decoder software for speech-related researchers and developers. It can perform almost real-time computing (RTC) decoding on most current personal computers (PCs) in 60k word dictation task using word trigram (3-gram) and context-dependent Hidden Markov model (HMM). Major search methods are fully incorporated. It is also modularized carefully to be independent from model structures, and various HMM types are supported such as shared-state triphones and tied-mixture models, with any number of mixtures, states, or phones.

UD-4 was a discrete four-channel quadraphonic sound system for phonograph records introduced by Nippon Columbia (Denon) in 1974. This system had some similarities with the more successful CD-4 process introduced by JVC and RCA in 1972. Only about 35 to 40 LP album titles were encoded in this format, and it was marketed only in the UK, Europe and Japan. Most of these releases were marketed by the Denon label. The UMX standard used for UD-4 contains two subsystems, BMX, a basic 4-2-4 matrix decoder (different from QS Regular Matrix), and QMX, a 4-4-4 system.

The Grand Opera House, Toronto circa 1874 The Grand Opera House, circa 1885, by F.W. Micklethwaite The Grand Opera House was an opera house and concert hall located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Opened in 1874 on Adelaide Street West, west of Yonge Street, the Grand Opera House was Toronto's premier concert hall during the late 19th century.Urban Decoder , Toronto Life, May 1, 2004. Retrieved 2008-03-09. Designed in the Second Empire style with 1750 seats, the hall was the first in the city to feature gaslights that could all be switched on or off simultaneously with one electric switch.

The first season of Black Jack Justice was 12 episodes long. From season two until season eleven, there were 6 episodes per season. On Sept 1st 2016, Decoder Ring Theater announced (in their "Season Eleven Spectacular" show) that season twelve would consist of an audiobook-style adaptation of the first novel, with Christopher Mott and Andrea Lyons alternating reading chapters, for "about 30" episodes. Gregg Taylor also announced on the same show that "Chris Mott told me he was going to have to [...] sign a union card," making Mott unavailable for future work on Black Jack Justice and ending the series.

In June 2008 Nicole Richie was announced to be appearing in a role as a former classmate of Sarah from high school,Cast Update: June 26, 2008, TV Decoder and in September Gary Cole was revealed to be playing Sarah's father in an upcoming episode.Cast Update: September 10, 2008, IGN.com It has not been announced if the name Graham hints at on her birth certificate is actually her real name, or if it will ever be revealed. At the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con, Josh Schwartz and Chris Fedak revealed that Sarah's mission would shift somewhat in Season 3.

In this way, the integrator attempts to follow the input signal as closely as it can. When fed a constant-voltage signal (or when the input is removed completely), the output will "idle" and produce a stream of alternating 1s and 0s. A decoder listening to this stream would produce a small sinusoidal or triangle-wave output, even though the correct output should be flat: this is a form of quantization error. Where the Model 700 differs from classical delta-sigma modulation is in its replacement of the single integrator with a complex system of comparators and high-order linear prediction filters.

1995 [June] – BT research designed and developed a video on demand service, which was trialled in the local area [Ipswich – Colchester], with 2,500 customers. It used asymmetric data on a subscriber's line (asymmetric digital subscriber line) over copper cables, with a decoder supplied by Apple. – article on trial 1987 [August] – the world's first instantaneous translation of speech by computer was unveiled by BT's research laboratories. 1982 [April] – Europe's first satellite transmission service was launched with Adastral Park's satellite dishes beaming television signals to the Orbital Test Satellite, run by Eutelsat, allowing Finnish and Norwegian viewers to receive the (English language) signals.

With analog systems fine control of locomotives requires knowledge of the individual characteristics; gradients and curves require constant adjustment and low speed running is both difficult and liable to stalling. Any train lighting will vary in intensity with the power and be off when the locomotive is stopped. Digital control supplies constant power to the track with the power being switched many times a second to provide the "bits" of data (0 and 1) necessary for control (such digital power is neither DC nor AC). Every locomotive must be fitted with a decoder circuit which will interpret instructions and individually control the motor.

In order that the phase of this locally generated signal can match the transmitted information, a 10 cycle burst of colour subcarrier is added to the video signal shortly after the line sync pulse, but before the picture information, during the so- called back porch. This colour burst is not actually in phase with the original colour subcarrier, but leads it by 45 degrees on the odd lines and lags it by 45 degrees on the even lines. This swinging burst enables the colour decoder circuitry to distinguish the phase of the R-Y vector which reverses every line.

Each echelon within a plane is identified by an index, where a more negative index indicates a low resolution and a larger, more positive index indicates a higher resolution. The VC-6 standard defines a list of up-samplers to enlarge the results of the dequantization for the echelon above. The upsampler to be used for perfect reconstruction is specified in the bitstream header, but a decoder is free to choose an upsampler that might be more suited to its needs. For example a low power phone might choose lower power consumption over perfect reconstruction by choosing a simpler upsampler.

The 16-bit IX index register was split in two, becoming X and Y. More importantly, the style of access changed; in the 6800, IX held a 16-bit address, which was offset by a number supplied with the instruction, the two were added to produce the final address. In the 6502 (and most other designs), the base address was stored in the instruction, and the X or Y was added to it. Finally, the instruction set was simplified, freeing up room in the decoder and control logic. Of the original 72 instructions in the 6800, 56 were left.

The standard defines several sets of capabilities, which are referred to as profiles, targeting specific classes of applications. These are declared using a profile code (profile_idc) and sometimes a set of additional constraints applied in the encoder. The profile code and indicated constraints allow a decoder to recognize the requirements for decoding that specific bitstream. (And in many system environments, only one or two profiles are allowed to be used, so decoders in those environments do not need to be concerned with recognizing the less commonly used profiles.) By far the most commonly used profile is the High Profile.

In contrast with older MPEG-1/2/4 standards, the H.264 deblocking filter is not an optional additional feature in the decoder. It is a feature on both the decoding path and on the encoding path, so that the in-loop effects of the filter are taken into account in reference macroblocks used for prediction. When a stream is encoded, the filter strength can be selected, or the filter can be switched off entirely. Otherwise, the filter strength is determined by coding modes of adjacent blocks, quantization step size, and the steepness of the luminance gradient between blocks.

A number of different vocoders are defined under IS-95, the earlier of which were limited to rate set 1, and were responsible for some user complaints of poor voice quality. More sophisticated vocoders, taking advantage of modern DSPs and rate set 2, remedied the voice quality situation and are still in wide use in 2005. The mobile receiving a variable-rate traffic frame does not know the rate at which the frame was transmitted. Typically, the frame is decoded at each possible rate, and using the quality metrics of the Viterbi decoder, the correct result is chosen.

The PlayStation 4 uses a semi-custom Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) developed by AMD in cooperation with Sony and is manufactured by TSMC on a 28 nm process node. Its APU is a single-chip that combines a central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU), as well as other components such as a memory controller and video decoder/encoder. The console also includes secondary custom chips that handle tasks associated with downloading, uploading, and social gameplay. These tasks can be handled seamlessly in the background during gameplay or while the system is in rest mode.

The first attempt to create a weather beacon as a form of advertising was from Douglas Leigh, who, in 1941, arranged a lighting scheme for the Empire State Building to display a weather forecast code with a decoder to be packaged with Coca-Cola bottles. The plan was never implemented because of the attack on Pearl Harbor later that year.Manhattan Users Guide Leigh resurrected his idea in Minneapolis in October 1949 with the Northwestern National Bank Weatherball."Remembering a beloved icon", Northwestern Financial Review In Australia, the Mutual Life and Citizens insurance company installed weather beacons atop its buildings in 1957 and 1958.

The series saw a half-generation update with die shrink (55 nm) variants: RV670, RV635 and RV620. All variants support PCI Express 2.0, DirectX 10.1 with Shader Model 4.1 features, dedicated ATI Unified Video Decoder (UVD) for all models and PowerPlay technology for desktop video cards. MadboxPC coverage , retrieved November 10, 2007 Except the Radeon HD 3800 series, all variants supported 2 integrated DisplayPort outputs, supporting 24- and 30-bit displays for resolutions up to 2,560×1,600. Each output included 1, 2, or 4 lanes per output, with data rate up to 2.7 Gbit/s per lane.

The decoder reverses this process, starting with the reference sample, and adding or subtracting the step size according to the bit stream. The sequence of adjusted reference samples are the reconstructed waveform, and the step size is adjusted according to the same all-1s-or-0s logic as in the encoder. Adaptation of step size allows one to avoid slope overload (step of quantization increases when the signal rapidly changes) and decreases granular noise when the signal is constant (decrease of step of quantisation). CVSD is sometimes called a compromise between simplicity, low bitrate, and quality.

DEFLATE specifies a stream-encoding such that any compliant decoder is able to parse any valid stream; the algorithm and program used for the compression stage are not mandated. For generation of compressed sections of DEFLATE data, an encoder available in the zlib/gzip reference implementation has typically been utilised. The zlib/gzip compressor offers the user a sliding scale between CPU usage and the likely amount of reduction in size achieved on a range of `-0` (no compression) to `-9` (maximum gzip compression). The 7-Zip and Zopfli DEFLATE encoders, used in the AdvanceCOMP suite, effectively extend the sliding scale further.

In late 2005, Håkon Wium Lie, the Norwegian CTO of Opera Software, co-creator of Cascading Style Sheets and long-time supporter of open source, named Johansen a "hero" in a net meeting arranged by one of Norway's biggest newspapers. On September 2, 2005, The Register published news that DVD Jon had defeated encryption in Microsoft's Windows Media Player by reverse engineering a proprietary algorithm that was ostensibly used to protect Windows Media Station NSC files from engineers sniffing for the files' source IP address, port or stream format. Johansen had also made a decoder available.

This key was easily defeated with a decoder built around an FM stereo demodulator chip known as the LM1800. All of WQTV's subscribers were transitioned to another area subscription television service known as Preview, operated by Warner Communications' New England Subscription Television on Worcester's WSMW-TV (channel 27, now WUNI). WQTV flipped to a general entertainment format consisting of off-network drama series, old sitcoms, and movies. The station also continued to run most network shows that were preempted by WBZ-TV, WCVB-TV and WNEV-TV. In 1984, WQTV added somewhat stronger programming to the station.

Parametric Stereo (PS) is lossy audio compression algorithm and a feature and an Audio Object Type (AOT) defined and used in MPEG-4 Part 3 (MPEG-4 Audio) to further enhance efficiency in low bandwidth stereo media. Advanced Audio Coding Low Complexity (AAC LC) combined with Spectral Band Replication (SBR) and Parametric Stereo (PS) was defined as HE-AAC v2. An HE-AAC v1 decoder will only give mono sound when decoding an HE-AAC v2 bitstream. Parametric Stereo performs sparse coding in the spatial domain, somewhat similar to what SBR does in the frequency domain.

The attention layer can access all previous states and weighs them according to some learned measure of relevancy to the current token, providing sharper information about far-away relevant tokens. A clear example of the utility of attention is in translation. In an English-to-French translation system, the first word of the French output most probably depends heavily on the beginning of the English input. However, in a classic encoder-decoder LSTM model, in order to produce the first word of the French output the model is only given the state vector of the last English word.

For this encipherment Alberti used a decoder device, his cipher disk, which implemented a polyalphabetic substitution with mixed alphabets. Johannes Trithemius—in his book Polygraphiae libri sex (Six books of polygraphia), which was published in 1518 after his death—invented a progressive key polyalphabetic cipher called the Trithemius cipher.Johann Tritheim, Polygraphiae libri sex … (Basel, Switzerland: Michael Furter and Adam Petri, 1518), Liber quintus (fifth book), pages 461-462; the Recta transpositionis tabula (square table of transpositions, or "Vigenère table") appears on page 463. Unlike Alberti's cipher, which switched alphabets at random intervals, Trithemius switched alphabets for each letter of the message.

The decoder applies these (amplitude) control signals to corresponding amplifiers of the filter channels for re-synthesis. Information about the instantaneous frequency of the original voice signal (as distinct from its spectral characteristic) is discarded; it was not important to preserve this for the vocoder's original use as an encryption aid. It is this "dehumanizing" aspect of the vocoding process that has made it useful in creating special voice effects in popular music and audio entertainment. The vocoder process sends only the parameters of the vocal model over the communication link, instead of a point-by-point recreation of the waveform.

In the decoder, there is also no need to store the table, and in fact no sort is needed at all. In time proportional to the alphabet size and string length, the decoded string may be generated one character at a time from right to left. A "character" in the algorithm can be a byte, or a bit, or any other convenient size. One may also make the observation that mathematically, the encoded string can be computed as a simple modification of the suffix array, and suffix arrays can be computed with linear time and memory.

It was found later, however, that modifications to the projectors were not needed and that the CDS systems sensitivity to improper film speed was due to a diode installed incorrectly in the CDS decoder module. Horizontal tracking was provided by a 76-MHz digital servo, while vertical timing was accomplished with an algorithm written into the data format itself. Rows of data were scanned horizontally, thus a self-clocking run-length- limited code was used for this error correction. A 6-to-8-bit mapping was performed upon encoding to ensure that each 8-bit word contained exactly four ones.

The analogue board provides the interface circuitry between the monitored and control telephone lines and the microprocessor. The board contains the following ICs ; U1 = OP490 - Quad Op-Amp U2 = Mitel MT8870CE - DTMF Decoder U3 = Motorola MC145442 - Single-Chip V.21 300-Baud Modem U4 = LM358N - Dual Low Power Op-Amp U5 = Phillips 74HC157 - Quad 2-input multiplexer The board also contain a 25-way female D-type connector that provides the electrical interface to the monitored/control lines. Alternatively, it provides an RS-232 interface thereby enabling the direct connection of a PC running the Dialog software.

The ASI output of a DVB Integrated Receiver/Decoder (IRD). It carries the entire MPEG transport stream being received from a DVB satellite feed entering the RF input (far left side in picture). Asynchronous Serial Interface, or ASI, is a method of carrying an MPEG Transport Stream (MPEG-TS) over 75-ohm copper coaxial cable or multimode optical fiber.EN 50083-9:2002 B.3.1 Layer-0: Physical requirements It is popular in the television industry as a means of transporting broadcast programs from the studio to the final transmission equipment before it reaches viewers sitting at home.

The Panasonic RQ-J20X portable cassette player from 1982 was the first device to implement the dbx integrated circuit The original dbx Type I and Type II systems were based on so-called "linear decibel companding" - compressing the signal on recording and expanding it on playback. It was invented by David E. Blackmer of dbx, Inc. in 1971. A miniature dbx Type II decoder on an integrated circuit was created in 1982 for use in portable and car audio, although only a few devices took advantage of it, such as certain Panasonic portable cassette players and Sanyo car stereos.

MPEG-H 3D Audio, specified as ISO/IEC 23008-3 (MPEG-H Part 3), is an audio coding standard developed by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) to support coding audio as audio channels, audio objects, or higher order ambisonics (HOA). MPEG-H 3D Audio can support up to 64 loudspeaker channels and 128 codec core channels. Objects may be used alone or in combination with channels or HOA components. The use of audio objects allows for interactivity or personalization of a program by adjusting the gain or position of the objects during rendering in the MPEG-H decoder.

Resonant reeds, used as mechanical filters in a radio tone decoder, appear in the early 1930s as part of radio navigation systems. Multiple courses were signalled by use of radio beam transmitters. Tones of 65 Hz, 86.7 Hz, and 108.3 Hz were modulated onto these beam transmissions, the position of the beam and its audio modulation being space modulated onto the ideal position of the course and the guard beam areas to either side of it. By visually monitoring the vibrating reeds, the pilot could determine their position within the radio beams, and thus over the ground.

Longer constraint lengths produce more powerful codes, but the complexity of the Viterbi algorithm increases exponentially with constraint lengths, limiting these more powerful codes to deep space missions where the extra performance is easily worth the increased decoder complexity. In fact, predefined convolutional codes structures obtained during scientific researches are used in the industry. This relates to the possibility to select catastrophic convolutional codes (causes larger number of errors). An especially popular Viterbi-decoded convolutional code, used at least since the Voyager program has a constraint length K of 7 and a rate r of 1/2.

SelecTV was an American subscription television service that was formed in 1976 and first began broadcasting in 1978; the service focused entirely on televising movies, and was shut down in 1989. As with other subscription television systems, SelecTV was transmitted via scrambled signal from a local UHF television station (it later became a satellite service as well). Unlike its competitors, it originally allowed subscribers to pay only for programs "selected" during the month, with the first several minutes free (the decoder box included a phone hook-up to transmit information back to the billing office); it later switched to a flat fee.

Existing frequency-division multiplexing carrier systems worked well for connections between distant cities, but required expensive modulators, demodulators and filters for every voice channel. For connections within metropolitan areas, Bell Labs in the late 1950s sought cheaper terminal equipment. Pulse-code modulation allowed sharing a coder and decoder among several voice trunks, so this method was chosen for the T1 system introduced into local use in 1961. In later decades, the cost of digital electronics declined to the point that an individual codec per voice channel became commonplace, but by then the other advantages of digital transmission had become entrenched.

NTSC television displays (the standard in North America) refresh at 29.97 frames per second. Animated cartoon films are typically made at reduced frame rates (accomplished by shooting several film frames of the individual drawings) so as to limit production costs, with the result that jerkiness tends to be apparent, especially on older limited animation features. Strobing can also refer to cross colour and Moiré patterning. Cross colour refers to when any high frequency luminance content of the picture, close to the TV systems colour sub-carrier frequency, is interpreted by the analogue receiver's decoder as colour information.

These systems are used in case of failure of the wired system, and do not rely on the integrity of the bell umbilical, so will work if the umbilical is severed and the bell lost. They operate between a battery powered transducer on the bell and a surface unit using a similar acoustic signal to those used for wireless diver communications. Single side-band suppressed carrier systems may be used, and a 27 kHz frequency with 4.2 kHz bandwidth is typical. Divers breathing helium may need a decoder system (also called unscrambling), which reduces the frequency of the sound to make it more intelligible.

OpenH264 only supports the baseline profile of H.264, and does not by itself address the need for an AAC decoder. Therefore, it is not considered sufficient for typical MP4 web video, which is typically in the high profile with AAC audio. However, for use in WebRTC, the omission of AAC was justified in the release announcement: "the standards bodies have aligned on Opus and G.711 as the common audio codecs for WebRTC". There is doubt as to whether a capped global licensing of AAC, like Cisco's for H.264, is feasible after AAC's licensing bureau removed the price cap shortly after the release of OpenH264.

In 1978, a concept devised by Max Bell for Dolby Laboratories called "split surround" was tested with the movie Superman. This led to the 70mm stereo surround release of Apocalypse Now, which became one of the first formal releases in cinemas with three channels in the front and two in the rear. There were typically five speakers behind the screens of 70mm-capable cinemas, but only the Left, Center and Right were used full-frequency, while Center-Left and Center-Right were only used for bass-frequencies (as it is currently common). The Apocalypse Now encoder/decoder was designed by Michael Karagosian, also for Dolby Laboratories.

On IBM XT computers, it was possible to add more memory to the motherboard and use a custom address decoder PROM to make it appear in the upper memory area. As with the 386-based upper memory described above, the extra RAM could be used to load TSR files, or as a RAM disk. The AllCard, an add-on memory management unit for XT-class computers, allowed normal memory to be mapped into the 0xA0000-EFFFF address range, giving up to 952 KB for DOS programs. Programs such as Lotus 1-2-3, which accessed video memory directly, needed to be patched to handle this memory layout.

Following test transmissions in 1973–74, towards the end of 1974 the BBC news department put together an editorial team of nine, including and led by Editor Colin McIntyre, to develop a news and information service. Initially limited to 30 pages, the Ceefax service was later expanded to 100 pages and was launched formally in 1976. It was followed quickly by ORACLE and Prestel. Wireless World magazine ran a series of articles between November 1975 and June 1976 describing the design and construction of a Teletext decoder using mainly TTL devices; however, development was limited until the first TV sets with built-in decoders started appearing in 1977.

CableCARD is a term trademarked by CableLabs for the Point of Deployment (POD) module defined by standards including SCTE 28, SCTE 41, CEA-679 and others. The physical CableCARD is inserted into a slot in the host (typically a digital television set or a set-top box) in order to identify and authorize the customer, and to provide proprietary decoding of the encrypted digital cable signal without the need for a proprietary set-top box. The cable tuner, QAM demodulator, and MPEG decoder are part of the host equipment. The card performs any conditional access and decryption functions, and provides a MPEG-2 transport stream to the host.

The arithmetic decoder is described in some detail in the Standard. It has three distinct properties: #Probability estimation is performed by a transition process between 64 separate probability states for "Least Probable Symbol" (LPS, the least probable of the two binary decisions "0" or "1"). #The range representing the current state of the arithmetic coder is quantized to a small range of pre-set values before calculating the new range at each step, making it possible to calculate the new range using a look-up table (i.e. multiplication-free). #A simplified encoding and decoding process is defined for data symbols with a near uniform probability distribution.

The disadvantage of conveying many bits per symbol is that the receiver has to distinguish many signal levels or symbols from each other, which may be difficult and cause bit errors in case of a poor phone line that suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio. In that case, a modem or network adapter may automatically choose a slower and more robust modulation scheme or line code, using fewer bits per symbol, in view to reduce the bit error rate. An optimal symbol set design takes into account channel bandwidth, desired information rate, noise characteristics of the channel and the receiver, and receiver and decoder complexity.

The MTV video format (no relation to the cable network) consists of a 512-byte file header that operates by displaying a series of raw image frames during MP3 playback. During this process, audio frames are passed to the chipset's decoder, while the memory pointer of the display's hardware is adjusted to the next image within the video stream. This method does not require additional hardware for decoding, though it will lead to a higher amount of memory consumption. For that reason, the storage capacity of an MP4 player that uses MTV files is effectively less than that of a player that decompresses files on the fly.

These instructions are decoded and then placed into the integer, floating-point or load/store instruction queues depending on the type of the instruction. The decode unit is assisted by the pre-decoded instructions from the instruction cache, which append five bits to every instruction to enable the unit to quickly identify which execution unit the instruction is executed in, and rearrange the format of the instruction to optimize the decode process. Each of the instruction queues can accept up to four instructions from the decoder, avoiding any bottlenecks. The instruction queues issue their instructions to their execution units dynamically depending on the availability of operands and resources.

ATRAC Advanced Lossless is a "scalable" lossless audio codec that records a lossy ATRAC3 or ATRAC3plus stream, and supplements it with a stream of correction information stored within the file itself that allows the original signal to be reproduced, if desired. A player/decoder can extract and use just the ATRAC3 or ATRAC3plus data, or it can combine that with the correction stream to perfectly reproduce the original audio information. This allows the file to be decoded as either lossless or lossy. It is implemented in such a way that allows the file size to be smaller than uncompressed or compressed versions of the same file.

Reed–Solomon coding is very widely used in mass storage systems to correct the burst errors associated with media defects. Reed–Solomon coding is a key component of the compact disc. It was the first use of strong error correction coding in a mass-produced consumer product, and DAT and DVD use similar schemes. In the CD, two layers of Reed–Solomon coding separated by a 28-way convolutional interleaver yields a scheme called Cross-Interleaved Reed–Solomon Coding (CIRC). The first element of a CIRC decoder is a relatively weak inner (32,28) Reed–Solomon code, shortened from a (255,251) code with 8-bit symbols.

Version 1.0 of the TGA specification was very basic, and many developers had a need to store more information, and so opted to add on extra sections to their files, specific to their application only. In Version 2.0 of the specification, these application-specific enhancements/extras are supported by the developer area. Only the offset and size of the developer area are relevant to the spec, and developers are free to add whatever they want in the area. If a TGA decoder cannot interpret the information in the developer area, it will generally ignore it, since it is assumed to have been created by a different application.

There are two primary ways of constructing statistical models: in a static model, the data is analyzed and a model is constructed, then this model is stored with the compressed data. This approach is simple and modular, but has the disadvantage that the model itself can be expensive to store, and also that it forces using a single model for all data being compressed, and so performs poorly on files that contain heterogeneous data. Adaptive models dynamically update the model as the data is compressed. Both the encoder and decoder begin with a trivial model, yielding poor compression of initial data, but as they learn more about the data, performance improves.

In 1980, Sony introduced the "ProFeel" line of prosumer component televisions, consisting of a range of Trinitron monitors that could be connected to standardized tuners. The original lineup consisted of the KX-20xx1 20" and KX-27xx1 27" monitors (the "xx" is an identifier, PS for Europe, HF for Japan, etc.) the VTX-100ES tuner and TXT-100G TeleText decoder. They were often used with a set of SS-X1A stereo speakers, which matched the grey boxy styling of the suite."KX-20PS1" The concept was to build a market similar to contemporary stereo equipment, where components from different vendors could be mixed to produce a complete system.

The unusual use of decimal numbers as memory addresses was initially no problem; it merely involved using 1-in-5 rather than 1-in-8 decoder logic in the core memory's row selects and bank selects. But later machines used standard memory chips that expected binary addresses. Each 1000-byte block of logical memory could be trivially mapped onto a subset of 1024 bytes in a chip with only 2.3% waste. But for denser chips and larger total memories, the entire decimal address had to be crunched into a shorter quasi binary form before sending the address to the chips, and done again for each cache or memory cycle.

The sender was the part of a telephone a person spoke into, the channel was the telephone itself, and the receiver was the part of the phone where one could hear the other person. Shannon and Weaver also recognized that often there is static that interferes with one listening to a telephone conversation, which they deemed noise. In a simple model, often referred to as the transmission model or standard view of communication, information or content (e.g. a message in natural language) is sent in some form (as spoken language) from an emitter (emisor in the picture)/sender/encoder to a destination/receiver/decoder.

In 2010, the title News Mediaset is operational: an internal press agency that will provide images, news and services for all of Mediaset's news structures. Two free-to-air channels were launched: La5, dedicated to a mainly female audience; Mediaset Extra, dedicated to Mediaset channels' entertainment programmes from yesterday and today. Mediaset Premium see the launch of Premium Cinema HD: previews of films in HD. From October, Premium will broadcast, using the on demand system films in 3D. To watch the films, viewers will need a 3D TV and a normal Premium On Demand HD decoder which, as well as providing a high definition signal, is also equipped to carry 3D.

After closing as a hotel, the building was renamed St Pancras Chambers and used as railway offices, eventually for British Rail. British Rail had hoped to demolish it, but was thwarted in a high-profile campaign by Jane Hughes Fawcett and her colleagues at the Victorian Society, a historic preservationist organisation founded in part to preserve the Victorian railways and other buildings."Jane Fawcett, Bletchley Decoder -- Obituary", The Daily Telegraph, 25 May 2016. Officials dubbed Jane Fawcett the "furious Mrs Fawcett" for her unceasing efforts,Matt Schudel, "Jane Fawcett, British code-breaker During World War II, Dies at 95", Washington Post, 28 May 2016.

The Fosgate used a faster, updated version of the IC, called the Tate II, and additional circuitry that provided for separation enhancement around the full 360° soundfield, using the Haas effect. In order to maintain the highest quality levels, Fosgate used hand-sorted ICs and 1% -tolerance components, and each decoder was hand- optimized. Unlike the earlier Full Wave-matching Logic decoders for SQ, that varied the output levels to enhance directionality, the Tate DES cancelled SQ signal crosstalk as a function of the predominant directionality, keeping non- dominant sounds and reverberation in their proper spatial locations at their correct level. The 101A was later replaced with the 3601.

For Microsoft Windows, a common approach was to install a version that contains the Windows Media Center (Home Premium, Professional or Ultimate for Windows 7 or Home Premium or Ultimate for Windows Vista). Windows Media Center included additional software that covered the PVR functions of the proposed HTPC, including free program guide information and automatic program recording. Windows 7, Windows Vista Home Premium and Windows Vista Ultimate included an MPEG2 decoder. With the introduction of Windows 8, Media Center was no longer included with the operating system; instead it was necessary to buy Windows 8 Pro and then purchase the Media Center Pack via the Windows Control Panel.

The download speeds from Stage6 ranged up to and above 16 Mbit/s. The video playback was based on the DivX codec and required the user to download and install a web browser plug-in in order to view video. Since the DivX Web Player was designed specifically for viewing videos, streamed on extremely high quality, high resolution videos were made possible under comparatively low CPU usage. Downloaded videos could also be played-back with third-party media players such as Windows Media Player, if an MPEG-4 decoder is installed on the computer, or with media players such as VLC Media Player or MPlayer with appropriate web plugins.

Neural signals elicited from another of Dr. Kennedy's patients have been used to formulate vowel sounds using a speech synthesizer in real time. The electronics setup was very similar to that used for the cursor, with the addition of a post-receiver neural decoder and the synthesizer itself. Researchers implanted the electrode in the area of the motor cortex associated with the movement of speech articulators because a pre-surgery fMRI scan indicated high activity there during a picture naming task. The average delay from neural firing to synthesizer output was 50 ms, which is approximately the same as the delay for an intact biological pathway.

The Sound Retrieval System (SRS) is a patented psychoacoustic 3D audio processing technology originally invented by Arnold Klayman in the early 1980s. (The original SRS patents are , and , which expired between 2006 and 2008. Patents may apply in other countries). The SRS technology applies head- related transfer functions (HRTFs) to create an immersive 3D soundfield using only two speakers, widening the "sweet spot", creating a more spacious sense of ambience, and producing strong localization cues for discrete instruments within an audio mix.Audio Basics newsletter, vol 10, (double) number 5 and 6, May and June 1991, pp2-3 SRS is not a Dolby matrix surround decoder but works with normal stereo recordings.

Range encoding is an entropy coding method defined by G. Nigel N. Martin in a 1979 paper,G. Nigel N. Martin, Range encoding: An algorithm for removing redundancy from a digitized message, Video & Data Recording Conference, Southampton, UK, July 24–27, 1979. which effectively rediscovered the FIFO arithmetic code first introduced by Richard Clark Pasco in 1976."Source coding algorithms for fast data compression" Richard Clark Pasco, Stanford, CA 1976 Given a stream of symbols and their probabilities, a range coder produces a space-efficient stream of bits to represent these symbols and, given the stream and the probabilities, a range decoder reverses the process.

The original 6502 had 56 instructions, which, when combined with different addressing modes, produced a total of 151 opcodes of the possible 256 8-bit opcode patterns. The remaining 105 unused opcodes were undefined, with the set of codes with low-order 4-bits with 3, 7, B or F left entirely unused, the code with low-order 2 having only a single opcode. The 6502 was famous for the way that some of these leftover codes actually performed actions. Due to the way the 6502's instruction decoder worked, simply setting certain bits in the opcode would cause parts of the instruction processing to take place.

The Linux kernel contains an SMBIOS decoder, allowing systems administrators to inspect system hardware configuration and to enable or disable certain workarounds for problems with specific systems, based on the provided SMBIOS information. The userspace command-line utility inspects this data. Information provided by this utility typically includes the system manufacturer, model name, serial number, BIOS version and asset tag, as well other details of varying level of interest and reliability, depending on the system manufacturer. The information often includes usage status for the CPU sockets, expansion slots (including AGP, PCI and ISA) and memory module slots, and the list of I/O ports (including serial, parallel and USB).

A video sender (also known as a DigiSender, wireless video sender, AV sender or audio-video sender) is a device for transmitting domestic audio and video signals wirelessly from one location to another. It is most commonly used for sending the output of a source device, such as a satellite television decoder, to a television in another part of a property and provides an alternative to cable installations. A wide range of video sender technologies exist, including analogue wireless (radio), digital wireless (spread-spectrum, Wi-Fi, ultra-wideband) and digital wired (power-line communication). Other, less common, technologies also exist, such as those that use existing Ethernet networks.

Ephraim Zehavi received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel, in 1977 and 1981, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in 1986. In 1985 he joined QUALCOMM Incorporated, San Diego, CA, where he was involved in the design and development of satellite communication systems, and VLSI design of Viterbi decoder chips. From 1988 to 1992 he was a faculty member at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and also was a consultant for Qualcomm on CDMA technology. In 1992 he rejoined QUALCOMM Incorporated, San Diego.

A construction of two rotating disks with a Caesar cipher can be used to encrypt or decrypt the code. Caesar ciphers can be found today in children's toys such as secret decoder rings. A Caesar shift of thirteen is also performed in the ROT13 algorithm, a simple method of obfuscating text widely found on Usenet and used to obscure text (such as joke punchlines and story spoilers), but not seriously used as a method of encryption. The Vigenère cipher uses a Caesar cipher with a different shift at each position in the text; the value of the shift is defined using a repeating keyword.

Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD, introduced in 2006, offer high-fidelity audio features that require HDMI for best results. HDMI 1.3 can transport Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby TrueHD, and DTS-HD Master Audio bitstreams in compressed form. This capability allows for an AV receiver with the necessary decoder to decode the compressed audio stream. The Blu-ray specification does not include video encoded with either deep color or xvYCC; thus, HDMI 1.0 can transfer Blu-ray discs at full video quality. The HDMI 1.4 specification (released in 2009) added support for 3D video and is used by all Blu-ray 3D compatible players.

The audio stream is sampled and convolved with a triangle function, and interpolated later during playback. The techniques employed, including the sampling of signals with a finite rate of innovation, were developed by a number of researchers over the preceding decade, including Pier Luigi Dragotti and others. MQA- encoded content can be carried via any lossless file format such as FLAC or ALAC; hence, it can be played back on systems either with or without an MQA decoder. In the latter case, the resulting audio has easily identifiable high- frequency noise occupying 3 LSB bits, thus limiting playback on non-MQA devices effectively to 13 bit.

They were used in conjunction with wire spring relays, for example to store digits for sending to other crossbar switching offices. In a multi-frequency sender (the part of a switch which sends routing information about outgoing calls over trunk lines), for example, wire spring relays direct the dialed digits one at a time from reed relay packs to frequency generators, under sequential control of logic implemented with wire spring relays. At the other end, similar relays steered the incoming digits from the tone decoder to a reed relay memory. In such uses, two-out-of-five codes and similar schemes checked for errors at both ends.

These plug-ins can be developed in C#, VB.NET or C++ and some examples are available in the GB-PVR official Forums and the GB-PVR Documentation wiki websites. The softwarewas developed with an interface which allows user to change the skin view or other graphic elements as the wallpaper. GB-PVR is mostly an MPEG recording and playback system, but may also play other non-MPG content such as AVI (DivX/Xvid), WMV, and other formats that are supported by the codecs installed into a computer's. It requires a supported TV tuner card, a VMR9 capable display adapter (video card), and a supported MPEG2 Decoder.

All games made for the Xbox 360 are required to support at least Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound. The console works with over 256 audio channels and 320 independent decompression channels using 32-bit processing for audio, with support for 48 kHz 16-bit sound. Sound files for games are encoded using Microsoft's XMA audio format. An MPEG-2 decoder is included for DVD video playback. VC-1 or WMV is used for streaming video and other video is compressed using VC-1 at non-HD NTSC and PAL resolutions or WMV HD. The Xbox 360 also supports H.263 and H.264 MPEG-4 videos.

His Mémoires géographiques et historiques sur l'Égypte… sur quelques contrées voisines was published in 1811. This publication forced Jean-François Champollion, the famous decoder of the Rosetta stone, to publish, prematurely, an "Introduction" to his L'Égypte sous les pharaons. Since both works concern the Coptic names of Egyptian towns, and Champollion's was published later, Champollion was accused by some of plagiarism. In fact "neither he nor Quatremère had copied from one another, and very obvious differences of approach were apparent in their publications".Adkins & Adkins, 97-8 Quatremère edited and translated part of Al-Maqrizi's, (1364–1442), Arabic History of the Memaluke Sultans (2 vols.

The number of pulses per frame gives the number of controllable channels available. The advantage of using PPM for this type of application is that the electronics required to decode the signal are extremely simple, which leads to small, light-weight receiver/decoder units. (Model aircraft require parts that are as lightweight as possible). Servos made for model radio control include some of the electronics required to convert the pulse to the motor position – the receiver is required to first extract the information from the received radio signal through its intermediate frequency section, then demultiplex the separate channels from the serial stream, and feed the control pulses to each servo.

Chrominance phase errors in the PAL system are cancelled out using a 1H delay line resulting in lower saturation, which is much less noticeable to the eye than NTSC hue errors. However, the alternation of colour information—Hanover bars—can lead to picture grain on pictures with extreme phase errors even in PAL systems, if decoder circuits are misaligned or use the simplified decoders of early designs (typically to overcome royalty restrictions). In most cases such extreme phase shifts do not occur. This effect will usually be observed when the transmission path is poor, typically in built up areas or where the terrain is unfavourable.

There are trade-offs to higher precision, however. Finer MV precision results in using a larger amount of data to represent the MV, as larger numbers must be stored in the frame for every single MV, increased coding complexity as increasing levels of interpolation on the macroblock are required for both the encoder and decoder, and diminishing returns (minimal gains) with higher precision MVs. Half-pel precision was chosen as the ideal trade-off for that point in time. (See: qpel) Because neighboring macroblocks are likely to have very similar motion vectors, this redundant information can be compressed quite effectively by being stored DPCM-encoded.

The pulse is repeated in a frame of between 10 and 30 milliseconds in length. Off-the-shelf servos respond directly to servo control pulse trains of this type using integrated decoder circuits, and in response they actuate a rotating arm or lever on the top of the servo. An electric motor and reduction gearbox is used to drive the output arm and a variable component such as a resistor "potentiometer" or tuning capacitor. The variable capacitor or resistor produces an error signal voltage proportional to the output position which is then compared with the position commanded by the input pulse and the motor is driven until a match is obtained.

TVRip is a capture source from an analog capture card (coaxial/composite/s-video connection). Digital satellite rip (DSR, also called SATRip or DTH) is a rip that is captured from a non-standard definition digital source like satellite. HDTV stands for captured source from HD television, while PDTV (Pure Digital TV) stands for any SDTV rip captured using solely digital methods from the original transport stream, not from HDMI or other outputs from a decoder, it can also refer to any standard definition content broadcast on a HD channel. DVB rips often come from free-the-air transmissions (such as digital terrestrial television).

Kenny Davis Jr and Kathryn Wemyss also played, albeit briefly, with the Blackeyed Susans. Wemyss later performing with Midnight Oil at the opening ceremony of the Sydney Olympics in 2000, since then she has formed her own band called Wemo. Davis went on to join Decoder Ring. Barry Turnbull and Mandy Pearson went on to form their own band, Love Me.Love Me website The Jackson Code's retrospective album of 1998, The Second Greatest Story Ever Told, a two disc compilation album (the first disc consists of tracks from the four studio albums and the second disc is full of rarities) was released in September 1998.

A third set of CMOS switches engages to select 70 μs time constant instead of default 120 μs; as a result, during replay the signal passes through two or three CMOS switches, plus the switches inside the Dolby decoder. The switches inevitably inject their own distortion products into the signal; their performance may be improved by replacement of stock 14000-series switches for newer pin-compatible low-impedance ICs. Line output level is fixed and is unusually "hot" for consumer audio: 775 mV RMS for nominal magnetization level of 250 nWb/m. Headphone output has eight selectable volume settings, which is sufficient for practical use.

A variety of video compression formats can be implemented on PCs and in consumer electronics equipment. It is therefore possible for multiple codecs to be available in the same product, reducing the need to choose a single dominant video compression format to achieve interoperability. Standard video compression formats can be supported by multiple encoder and decoder implementations from multiple sources. For example, video encoded with a standard MPEG-4 Part 2 codec such as Xvid can be decoded using any other standard MPEG-4 Part 2 codec such as FFmpeg MPEG-4 or DivX Pro Codec, because they all use the same video format.

It is designed along three layers of sound (surround, height and overhead ceiling), building on the single horizontal layer used in the 5.1 or 7.1 sound format. Auro-3D creates a spatial sound field by adding a height layer around the audience on top of the traditional 2D surround sound system. This additional layer reveals both localized sounds and height reflections complementing the sounds that exist in the lower surround layer. The height information that is captured during recording is mixed into a standard 5.1 surround PCM carrier, and during playback the Auro-3D decoder extracts the originally recorded height channels from this stream.

The Viterbi decoder implements a soft-decision algorithm to demodulate digital data from an analog signal corrupted by noise. Many ECC encoders/decoders can also generate a bit-error rate (BER) signal, which can be used as feedback to fine-tune the analog receiving electronics. The maximum fractions of errors or of missing bits that can be corrected is determined by the design of the ECC code, so different error correcting codes are suitable for different conditions. In general, a stronger code induces more redundancy that needs to be transmitted using the available bandwidth, which reduces the effective bit-rate while improving the received effective signal-to-noise ratio.

There are several important features to note. Firstly, it is possible to stop the compression algorithm at any time and obtain an approximation of the original image, the greater the number of bits received, the better the image. Secondly, due to the way in which the compression algorithm is structured as a series of decisions, the same algorithm can be run at the decoder to reconstruct the coefficients, but with the decisions being taken according to the incoming bit stream. In practical implementations, it would be usual to use an entropy code such as arithmetic code to further improve the performance of the dominant pass.

Filter graph of an mp3 file, as rendered by the DirectShow sample in GraphEdit, an application with a GUI for DirectShow used to visually build and test filter graphs. In this picture the boxes represent filters and the grey dots appearing on the sides of the filters represent pins. In the above example, from left to right, the graph contains a source filter to read an MP3 file, stream splitter and decoder filters to parse and decode the audio, and a rendering filter to play the raw audio samples. Each filter has one or more pins that can be used to connect that filter to other filters.

This second division became MultiChoice. The company had been granted a licence to broadcast into Namibia in 1991 and, as a result, in 1996 MultiChoice Africa (now The MultiChoice Group) was established. In 1992, analogue services were launched in 20 African countries and lasted until 1996 when digital services replaced them. This division, called DStv (Digital Satellite Television), had first been launched in South Africa on October 6 1995, making it the first direct-to-home digital pay-TV service outside the US. In 2002, a "Dual-view" decoder was launched by DStv which allowed the simultaneous viewing of two different channels from a single satellite feed.

In June 2013, following the acquisition of ESPN by BT and the announcement of the removal of Sky Sports 1 & 2 from the Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) network by BT, Top Up TV began sending letters to their customers stating that their premium sports package(s) would be discontinued. Sky Sports 1 & 2 were removed on 1 July, and ESPN on 1 August. In September, Top Up TV sent customers on the TV Favourites and PictureBox packages letters informing them that the service would cease broadcasting on 31 October 2013 and that all remaining subscriptions will cease automatically. TUTV advised that the hardware will continue to work as a Freeview decoder.

The show took place at Gray Area in San Francisco on March 5, 2016, presented in four channel quadraphonic sound. It marked one of the first quadraphonic vinyl releases in over 30 years and used a matrix recording system developed by Involve Audio in Melbourne, Australia, based partially on the QS matrix system. The vinyl LP saw a limited physical release of 227 copies, each costing $227 with a custom designed QS- compatible quadraphonic decoder, also developed by Involve Audio, included in the package. In June 2019, Finders Keepers Records released a previously unreleased album by Ciani that she recorded in 1969 entitled Flowers of Evil.

Blaster's first appearance was in episode 20, "Dinobot Island, Part 1" with no particular origin, simply appearing among the Autobots. Blaster frequently spoke in rhyme resembling rap music lyrics. He had several important appearances in season 2, most notably in "Blaster Blues", when Spike and Carly brought Blaster to a concert because he loved music. Blaster decided to share his music by transmitting the show to the other Autobots but drove everyone but Cosmos and Jazz, who liked his taste in music, crazy also because the music was so loud they were unable to respond to a Decepticon attack as they got away with stealing a powerful decoder.

The Samsung Infuse has a 4.5 inch Super AMOLED Plus screen with a resolution of 480x800 pixels and a capacitive touchscreen supports multi-touch gestures. The phone has an 8.0-megapixel camera with a single LED flash on the rear and a 1.3-megapixel camera on the front with digital zoom. The phone allows for full 1080p video playback, with a built in hardware decoder for H.263, H.264 and MPEG-4 video; it can also play MP3, AAC+, AMR, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, MIDI, FLAC and WMA audio. It has a Micro-B USB port at the bottom which conforms to the GSMA Universal Charging Solution.

It is sometimes incorrectly claimed that the origin of the resonant reed decoder was in the wartime torpedo-control patent granted to the actress Hedy Lamarr. This patent did pre-empt spread spectrum radio technology, but the frequency-hopping it describes is primarily applied to the radio carrier wave, not the signal coding. A minor aspect of the radio control system described does use a similar frequency-keying mechanism to select left and right rudder, also this is done by separate filters, presumably electronic rather than reed, of 50 & 100 Hz. As these two frequencies are exactly an octave apart, they could also suffer from the harmonic interference problem described above.