125 Sentences With "ad libitum" | Random Sentence Generator

But there is a growing body of medical evidence advocating for an ad libitum (or as much as you feel like) ketogenic diet.

The final iteration ends in glorious chaos: the conductor cedes control, the players fall into an ad-libitum frenzy, and percussionists scrape slabs of plywood.

The researchers found that, in the calorie restriction group, levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased significantly after one year, and that change was maintained at two years, while changes were very small in the ad libitum group.

"There is a growing body of research which has shown that diets which use one to seven day periods of complete or partial fasting alternated with ad libitum food intake [eat what you want], are not more effective for weight loss than conventional continuous dieting," she said.

Between 2600 and 22, 2400 of those adults were randomly assigned to start a 0003% calorie restriction diet -- meaning they tried to cut back 2000% of what they would normally consume -- while the remaining 23 adults followed an "ad libitum" or "free-feeding" diet, meaning they ate normally.

"The key take-home message from this study is that ad libitum weekend recovery or catch-up sleep does not appear to be an effective countermeasure strategy to reverse sleep-loss-induced disruptions of metabolism," Kenneth Wright, a sleep scientists at the University of Colorado Boulder, said in a statement.

Ad libitum passages on the whole have a very particular role in Lutosławski's music. Most often they represent static, narrative passages with one harmonic complex underpinning them,Klein (1999), p. 41 though some ad libitum passages migrate from one harmonic complex to another.Rae (1994), p.

The title of Hosokawa's composition for soprano saxophone and piano, percussion ad libitum, is Für Walter – Arc Song II.

Atriplex leaves, if fed restrictedly, could be used to replace barley straw when access to water is ad libitum.

In 2008, Starostenkova was invited to Saint Petersburg to shoot the film Ad Libitum with musicologist and violinist Andreï Chistyakov.

It is written in three movements: #Andantino #Ad libitum - Allegretto - Ad libitum #Molto Allegro The movements are not ordered according to the traditional fast-slow-fast sonata system. The tempo of the movements increases successively. The first movement, Andantino, is music of a pastoral kind, in ternary form ABA. The opening theme of the oboe solo is an echo of the Westminster Quarters.

This aspect of "only if needed, and only up to some maximum" differentiates pro re nata dosages (which are common) from ad libitum dosages (which are not common).

Concentus ad libitum for jazz quintet and symphony orchestra, premiered by the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra and Jan Garbarek 1979, is also viewed as one of Hurum's key works.

Alves studied composition with Rael Toffolo at the Universidade Estadual de Maringá. His chamber music has been performed by several ensembles e.g. Ensemble Ad Libitum and Coral de Flautas.

The Te Deum in C major, WAB 45 is a setting of the Te Deum hymn, composed by Anton Bruckner for choir and soloists, orchestra, and organ ad libitum.

Our Country's Voice Is Calling is a World War I march for voice and piano with drums and bugles ad libitum, written by O. Ebel and Luella Stewart with music by O. Ebel. The song was first published in 1917 by Chandler-Ebel Music Co., in Brooklyn, NY. The sheet music can be found at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library.Stewart, Luella, Otto Ebel, and Otto Ebel. 1917. Our country's voice is calling: patriotic marching song for voice and piano with drums and bugles ad libitum.

The mice were fed ad libitum. The effects of such a genetic change in body temperature on longevity is more difficult to study in humans; in 2011, the UCP2 genetic alleles in humans were associated with obesity.

Orchestral music Concerto for cello and orchestra, op. 17 (2004–05) Elegy for string orchestra, op. 40 (2011, 2017) Changes II for piano, 15 strings and triangle ad libitum, op. 42 (2016–17) Addiction for orchestra, op.

The work is scored for a large orchestra: ;Woodwinds :piccolo :3 flutes :3 oboes :English horn :2 clarinets in B :D clarinet1 :bass clarinet :3 bassoons :contrabassoon ;Brass :4 horns in F and E :4 horns in D (ad libitum)2 :3 trumpets in F and C :3 trumpets in D (ad libitum)2 :3 trombones :tuba ;Percussion :timpani :bass drum :snare drum :cymbals :triangle :large ratchet ;Strings :violins I, II :violas :cellos :double basses 1Although the original score calls for a clarinet in D, the part is usually played on an E clarinet as the D clarinet is now rarely played. 2Strauss indicates four extra horns and three extra trumpets to be added ad libitum. The parts are to be played by separate players from the original four horns and three trumpets. There also exists a version for piano four-hands, which has been recorded by Percy Grainger and Ralph Leopold.

After the third chorus comes a coda, which closes the song as Stefani repeats the phrase "a simple kind of life" ad libitum while the song fades, as the song confirms its dreamy major tonality in a series of Cmaj7 and Fmaj7 chords.

The German composer Marianus Königsperger wrote six concertos and two pastorellas for organ and string orchestra, with two trumpets or horns ad libitum, Op. 18 (Certamen musicum complectens VI. concerta communia et II. pastoritia, Augustae-Vindelicorum: sumptibus Joannis Jacobi Lotteri Haeredum, 1754).

The composer characterised the opera as a "scene for voices and instruments with games and dancing ad libitum". While the beginning has lively action such as billiard games, disputes and transformations, the inner world of the protagonists becomes the focus for most of the opera.

Rats were fed PhIP at concentrations of 25, 100, and 200 ppm. The rats gained weight throughout the experiment, but feeding concentration of PhIP remained constant. Rats were fed PhIP ad libitum at concentrations of 12.5 and 50ppm. Rats developed mammary tumors at each concentration of PhIP administered.

Wellington Eleutério Alves is a Brazilian flautist and composer. He studied flute at the Universidade Estadual de Maringá. He currently plays with Orquestra Filarmônica Cesumar, Orquestra Sinfônica da Uem, Coral de Flautas da Uem. He is also the founding member of the Ensemble Ad Libitum, a group dedicated to contemporary music.

However, Palekar recognized Ahmed Khan sahib's talent and became his disciple. Needless to say that Palekar got taleem in the truest tradition of the gharana. He also got ample opportunities to listen to great musicians ad libitum. He was well known for creating style and technique of the Jaipur gayaki.

The Triumphlied is scored for choir (8 parts), baritone solo and orchestra. The orchestra includes 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 1 contrabassoon, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpanis and strings. An organ may be included ad libitum. Performed, the work takes between 22 and 26 minutes.

Suite française (French Suite), FP 80, is an orchestral suite for wind instruments, drum and harpsichord (or harp ad libitum) by Francis Poulenc. It was composed in a neoclassical style in 1935 for Édouard Bourdet's la Reine Margot, and it was inspired by Claude Gervaise's dance collection Le livre de danceries.

Water was provided ad libitum because they do not drink in the wild. Some get pinky mice and frozen day-old chicks (Bronner) Room temperature is okay, but not below 15 °C or above 30 °C. This range does not disrupt their endogenous torpor rhythms. Torpor reduces the amount of food intake.

Martin immediately responded through FaceTime, describing it as the best thing he had heard all year. He included ad libitum and additional vocal hooks at the song's final chorus while also adjusting its pre-chorus. Recording took place at Wolf Cousins and Maratone Studios in Stockholm, Sweden, and at Interscope Studios in Santa Monica, California.

See its title- . An exceptionally prolific artist, he had produced over a thousand pieces at the time of his death, which took place at Maarheeze in 1987. Compositions by Badings include fifteen numbered symphonies, at least four string quartets,see e.g. ; a series of quartets, at least 7, "for instruments ad libitum" - e.g. no.

Time: Saturday evening Place: Church St. Jodok A choir, called "Ad libitum", perform a concert. It focuses on works of famous composers like Pierre de la Rue, Guillaume Dufay and Josquin des Prez, who was one of the most significant composers in the Middle Ages in Europe. The performance in St. Jodok also comprises short instrumental pieces.

Western staff notation is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitch, speed, meter, individual rhythms and exact execution of a piece of music. This leaves less room for practices, such as improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation, that are frequently heard in non-European art music (compare Indian classical music and Japanese traditional music), and popular music.

Accessed 2007-10-01. He integrates additional vocal hooks into the song's bridge while also adjusting its refrain and at one interval includes an ad libitum. At its close, the track enters a flanging extended outro that contains a synth-heavy breakdown. It comes complete with abrasive keyboard stabs, operatic harmonies and somber electric guitars which chime in unison.

The core of the second movement is a Romance, marked Allegretto. It is preceded by an introduction and followed by an epilogue. The introduction and epilogue are marked ad libitum - that is, the performer is free to choose the tempo considered most appropriate. The last movement, titled Molto Allegro, short and brilliant, has passages of great difficulty and virtuosity.

The meaning of this expression should not be confused with concepts like rubato, or ad libitum which usually refer to a relative freedom of the musician in following the time signature. In this type of singing there is no time signature at all, so freedom is absolute, and the only restrictions are those imposed by the traditional basic melody.

The work is structured as a concerto da chiesa, in this case expanded from a typical four movement structure to six: Each relatively short movement provides multiple tempi and a range of major and minor suspensions. The concerto is generally no longer than fifteen minutes, ending with Corelli's famous Pastorale ad libitum, a peaceful finale in the pastorale form.

Roundelay with solo voices F Major Schumann is often criticized for using structure merely as a framework on which to spread the themes. The resultant ‘incoherency’ is often attributed to the composer's declining mental health. The fact though remains that Schumann's predilection for allusions has rendered many relationships too subtle for the (non artistic) analyst's senses. Rundgesang mit Solostimmen - (Ad libitum.

52 The last performance, which Bruckner attended, was conducted by Richard von Perger at the suggestion of Johannes Brahms.K.W. Kinder, pp. 126–127 On his copy of the score, Gustav Mahler crossed out "" (for choir, solos and orchestra, organ ad libitum) and wrote "" (for the tongues of angels, heaven-blest, chastened hearts, and souls purified in the fire!).Alma Mahler-Werfel, Gustav Mahler.

After the orchestra enters, the restless and melancholy first theme is played, again by the piano solo. Saint-Saëns drew the theme from his student Gabriel Fauré's abandoned Tantum ergo motet. A brief second theme appears, followed by a middle section of increasing degrees of animato. The main theme is recapitulated fortissimo and the soloist is given a long ad libitum cadenza.

They argue that within-meal events (immediate post-ingestive feedback, e.g., gastric stretch) play a relatively minor role and that meal size is largely determined by decisions about portion size, before a meal begins. Consistent with this proposition, observational studies show that 'plate cleaning' is extremely common, that humans tend to plan their meal size in advance, and that ad libitum eating is relatively rare.

Märchenerzählungen (Fairy tale narrations), Op. 132, is a trio composition by Robert Schumann in four movements for clarinet (violin ad libitum), viola and piano. He composed the clarinet-viola-piano trio in B-flat major, between 9 and 11 October 1853. The movements are connected by a motif (Kernmotiv). The work is dedicated to Schumann's pupil Albert Dietrich, and was published in 1854 by Breitkopf & Härtel.

Handel's organ playing supplied an element of virtuosity which was probably missing from the singing because his oratorios were written for less highly trained singers than the operas. We know that he would have improvised at the organ to some extent. As he got older and his eyesight deteriorated, the scores of his organ concertos contained more "ad libitum" bars for the soloist to improvise.

3308 Strategier studied at the Roman Catholic School of Church Music in Utrecht. He served as conductor of Leiden's Dutch Madrigal Choir and also composed a number of larger concert works, among them are Don Ramiro (1943) for chorus and orchestra, Rembrandt Cantata (1956), and Shadow out of Time (1973) for ad libitum chorus, flute, percussion, organ, harp, and tape.Nick Strimple., Choral Music in the Twentieth Century.

Loder's music became more popular in America than in his own country. The New York Glee Book of 1844 contains several of his original part songs; it was reprinted several times from 1850–1855,Loder, George. New York Glee Book containing One Hundred Glees, Quartets, Trios, Songs in Parts, Rounds, and Catches. Composed, Selected, and Harmonized, with an Ad Libitum Accompaniment for the Piano Forte.

Since 2010 Bezuglov is living in US, where he has been studying with professor Dmitri Berlinsky at MSU College of Music. Since 2012, he was professor Berlinsky's teaching assistant. Bezuglov was the principal violinist with the International Chamber Soloists strings orchestra, and the Concertmaster of the Ad Libitum chamber orchestra. He is also the member of the ION Piano Trio, Michigan State String Quartet, and OctoOpus+ String Nonet.

The "cuckoo" effects are transformed into repeated notes, sometimes supplemented by extra phrases, exploiting the different sonorities of solo and tutti players. The "nightingale" effects are replaced by reprises of the ritornello and the modified cuckoo. The final organ solo, partly ad libitum, is replaced by virtuoso semiquaver passages and an extra section of repeated notes precedes the final tutti. The larghetto, a gentle siciliana, is similarly transformed.

Third motive: 4 semiquavers grouped 2x2 The last section introduces the simplest pattern, now in 4/8 meter, built from final four notes of the melody from the previous section,Potter (2000), p.181-188. and having only four distinct pitch classes. The other pianist re-enters, the phasing process restarts, and ends when both pianists return to unison. The phase cycle is repeated ad libitum from eight to sixty times according to the score.

The combination of Lutosławski's aleatory techniques and his harmonic discoveries allowed him to build up complex musical textures. According to Bodman Rae, in his later works Lutosławski evolved a more mobile, simpler, harmonic style, in which less of the music is played with an ad libitum coordination.The harmonic stasis inherent in Lutosławski's limited aleatorism is discussed by Bodman Rae (1999), p. 84, and his description of this development is discussed in Jacobson, 1996, pp.

Alternatively, a straw-lined shed may house a larger group in age groups. Larger swine operations use slotted floors for waste removal, and deliver bulk feed into feeders in each pen; feed is available ad libitum. Pigs are naturally omnivorous and are generally fed a combination of grains and protein sources (soybeans, or meat and bone meal). Larger intensive pig farms may be surrounded by farmland where feed-grain crops are grown.

The piece is scored for piccolo, 3 flutes, 2 oboes, oboe d'amore, English horn, clarinet in D, 3 clarinets (2 in B, 1 in A), bass clarinet in B, 4 bassoons, contrabassoon, 4 saxophones (soprano in C, alto in F, baritone in F, bass in C; the instruments are ad libitum (optional), 8 horns in F, 4 trumpets in F and C, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, bass drum, triangle, cymbals, glockenspiel, 2 harps, and strings.

As with many other virtuosi at the time, Baermann tried his hand fairly successfully at composing for his instrument. Among other works, he wrote a Septet in E-flat major, Op. 23, for clarinet, string quartet, and two ad libitum horns. The Adagio movement from this septet has received several recordings as a stand-alone piece, though it was for many years misattributed to Richard Wagner. Baermann died in Munich, aged 63.

In Western classical music, obbligato (, also spelled obligatoobligato in dictionary at Merriam-Webster website) usually describes a musical line that is in some way indispensable in performance. Its opposite is the marking ad libitum. It can also be used, more specifically, to indicate that a passage of music was to be played exactly as written, or only by the specified instrument, without changes or omissions. The word is borrowed from Italian (an adjective meaning mandatory; from Latin obligatus p.p.

S. aeruginosa is a herbivorous deposit feeder. It consumes mainly epiphytic algae, but its diet also includes detritus, bacteria, aquatic plants, sand grains, diatoms, green algae, and cyanobacteria such as Microcystis. Its consumption of cyanobacteria during algal blooms may result in bioaccumulation of toxic microcystins (microcystin-LR, microcystin- RR) from Microcystis in the gonads, the hepatopancreas and the digestive tract. Adult snails feeding ad libitum under ideal laboratory conditions eat 16.0 mg of fish food daily.

With drums and pipes and Tambourine of Bartók's Nine little pieces similarly consist of sound imitations of folk instruments.Yeomans, 110. A noteworthy instruction reads Due o tre volte ad libitum (play optionally two or three times), giving the performer a degree of freedom rare in classical music scores, and underlining the improvisatory and spontaneous nature of folk bagpipe music. The Sostenuto pedal of the grand piano is necessary for a right rendering of the final four bars.

In each of these sections, no bar lines are marked and each part plays a different length of music. After a certain point each of the performers repeats a segment of his or her part until the conductor signals the transition to a new section, possibly conducted in the traditional manner, possibly ad libitum. Only one section of Symphony No. 2 is conducted in the traditional manner, the fourth "evolutionary" stage of the second movement (downbeats 133–50).

The first public performance of Wyschnegradsky's Andante religioso and funebre was performed at the theatre Pavlovsk under the direction of Aslanov, in the presence of César Cui. At the end of the concert, Cui congratulated him "for his moderation". In 1916, Wyschnegradsky composed The Day of the Brahma (which would later become The Day of Existence) for narrator, full orchestra and mixed chorus ad libitum. In 1917, the day before the revolution, Wyschnegradsky completed his law studies.

The first half of the 1990s saw diverse groups such as "Sektor Gaza", "Ckazy Lesa" (formerly known as "Huligany"), "Rada i Ternovnik", "Ad Libitum" and "Bashnaya Rowan". Musicians of these groups incorporate, beside folk rock, several different genres, ranging from psychedelic music to Jazz and neo-folk. Sergey Kalugin's 1994 EP Nigredo became Russia's first dark folk album. Members of the folk rock band "Til Ulenshpigel", formed in 1996, later invited the singer Hellawes to join the band.

Whether the behavior is natural in the field or also the result of distractions caused by the human observer remains controversial. Mantises are highly visual organisms and notice any disturbance in the laboratory or field, such as bright lights or moving scientists. Chinese mantises that had been fed ad libitum (so that they were not hungry) actually displayed elaborate courtship behavior when left undisturbed. The male engages the female in a courtship dance, to change her interest from feeding to mating.

Caloric restriction substantially affects lifespan in many animals, including the ability to delay or prevent many age-related diseases. Typically, this involves caloric intake of 60–70% of what an ad libitum animal would consume, while still maintaining proper nutrient intake. In rodents, this has been shown to increase lifespan by up to 50%; similar effects occur for yeast and Drosophila. No lifespan data exist for humans on a calorie-restricted diet, but several reports support protection from age-related diseases.

A key part of the Recovery Programme is the supplementary feeding of females. Kakapo breed only once every two to five years, when certain plant species, primarily Dacrydium cupressinum (rimu), produce protein-rich fruit and seeds. During breeding years when rimu masts supplementary food is provided to kakapo to increase the likelihood of individuals successfully breeding. In 1989, six preferred foods (apples, sweet potatoes, almonds, Brazil nuts, sunflower seeds and walnuts) were supplied ad libitum each night to 12 feeding stations.

The cantata is scored for soprano, alto, tenor and bass singers, woodwinds, strings, and continuo. While the earlier composition had also trumpets and timpani in its outer movements, Bach did not copy these parts in his autograph score of the sacred version of the work. Later it was suggested, likely not by the composer, that these parts could be added ad libitum. The 19th-century publication of the cantata by the Bach Gesellschaft (, BGA) included these parts in the printed score.

In the 2000s, Mikhail Kazinik presented the television project "Ad Libitum or in Free Flight" (program manager Igor Shadkhan, director Natalya Kugashova). In this series of musical and journalistic programs, Mikhail Kazinik tells about the work of various composers and proves that classical music can fully exist in modern life. The programs were broadcast on the Russian TV channels TV Center and TVCI. Initially, 12 episodes dedicated to composers were shot: "The Bach Effect", "The Schubert Effect", "The Mozart Effect", "The Chopin Effect", and so on.

Calorie restriction preserves muscle tissue in nonhuman primates and rodents. Mechanisms include reduced muscle cell apoptosis and inflammation; protection against or adaptation to age-related mitochondrial abnormalities; and preserved muscle stem cell function. Muscle tissue grows when stimulated, so it has been suggested that the calorie-restricted test animals exercised more than their companions on higher calories, perhaps because animals enter a foraging state during calorie restriction. However, studies show that overall activity levels are no higher in calorie restriction than ad libitum animals in youth.

Draft of Afferentur regi, page 2 The 38-bars piece scored in F major for mixed choir and three trombones ad libitum is a polyphonic offertory. The piece is in ternary form, with an opening motive drawn from a pre-existing Latin plainchant. In the first part (bars 1-7), "Afferentur regi" is sung in canon by the alto and tenor voices, and with inverted motif by the bass and soprano voices. A similar pattern is repeated in bars 8-15 on "proximae ejus".

The Eastern Eucharists of whatever rite are marked by the invariability of the priest's part. There are, it is true, alternative anaphoras which are used either ad libitum, as in the Syro-Jacobite Rite, or on certain days, as in Byzantine and East Syrian, but they are complete in themselves and do not contain passages appropriate to the day. The lections of course vary with the day in all rites, and varying antiphons, troparia, etc., are sung by the choir; but the priest's part remains fixed.

Discussion of the separation of microrhythm and macrorhythm may be found in Nikolska (1994), p. 77; more detailed discussion of these rhythmic processes can be found in both Rae (1994), p. 106 and Nikolska (1994), p. 140. This process pushes to the climax of the movement and the symphony as a whole, which occurs > When the simple rhythm, which has been achieved gradually over a > considerable period, is transformed suddenly into an extremely complex > rhythmical structure when the whole orchestra begins to play ad libitum.

"Broiler breeders: Managing the paradox between reproduction and growth". WorldPoultry.net. Retrieved June 25, 2012 Using dwarf broiler breeder hens is a good alternative, because dwarf hens combine relatively good reproductive fitness with ad libitum feeding. With respect to bird welfare the use of slow growing birds is a viable alternative to reduce the negative effects of feed restriction. Dwarf broiler breeders do not need to be (severely) feed restricted.Dawkins, M.S. and R Layton, R. 2012 Breeding for better welfare: genetic goals for broiler chickens and their parents.

The work is set for choir and soloists, and orchestra (2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in B-flat, 2 bassoons, 2 horns in F, 2 horns in B-flat, 2 trumpets in C, alto, tenor and bass trombones, timpani, and strings), and organ ad libitum. The organ, present in the Wöss edition,Grosse Messe Nr. 3 F moll von Anton Bruckner – Eulenburgs kleine Orchester-Partitur-Ausgabe, foreword by Josef V. von Wöss, Universal Edition, 1924 is absent in the Haas edition, and put "ad libitum" in the current Gesamtausgabe. "The organ serves first of all to accentuate significant passages, in order to increase their sound brightness." The work is divided into six parts: # Kyrie - Moderato, F minor # Gloria - Allegro, C major # Credo - Allegro, C major # Sanctus - Moderato, F major # Benedictus - Allegro moderato, A-flat major # Agnus Dei - Andante, F minor veering to F major Total duration: about 62 minutes The Gloria starts out with the words "Gloria in excelsis Deo" and the Credo with the words "Credo in unum Deum" sung by the whole choir, rather than intoned in Gregorian mode by a soloist, as in Bruckner's previous masses.

She then created the Lara Quartet, which accompanied singers on stage, including Claude Nougaro, Nana Mouskouri, Mireille Mathieu, and Jean Ferrat. She played on recordings by Françoise Hardy, Maxime Le Forestier, Georgette Lemaire, Jean Sablon, and Juliette Gréco, as well as writing two songs for Barbara's 1972 album Amours incestueuses. In 1969, Lara opened for Canadian musician Gilles Vigneault at the Olympia music hall in Paris. Lara's first original album, Ad libitum, was released in 1972, and in 1975 she composed the score to the French film Docteur Françoise Gailland.

The Liebeslieder Waltzes continue to be performed quite frequently. The "ad libitum" of the original score allows for different ensemble sizes to perform the Liebeslieder Waltzes Op. 52 as opposed to the Liebeslieder Waltzes, Op. 65, which is usually performed solely by a choir; there is also versatility found in the opus with the four-hand arrangement of Liebeslieder Waltzes Opus 52a and the elimination of a vocal ensemble. The sixth and eleventh movements are some of the better-known pieces from the work due to their adaptation to choral works.Biddlecombe, Tucker.

The Liebeslieder Waltzes are a collection of love songs written in a popular style that do not lose Brahms' compositional complexity. Scored for piano four hands and voices ad libitum, the piece can easily accommodate many different sized ensembles. The words are taken from Daumer's Polydora, also the material for the Neue Liebeslieder Waltzes, Op. 65\. Although today they are part of the standard choral repertoire, Brahms more likely intended them to be played in parlors or informal home gatherings rather than in concert halls.. Meyer, Leonard B., Eugene Narmour, and Ruth A. Solie. 1988.

In 1970 the Dies Irae was removed from the Requiem Mass of the revised, new Roman Missal and was transferred to the Liturgy of the Hours to be sung ad libitum in the 34th week of the Ordinary Time before the beginning of Advent, dividing into three parts: Office of Readings, Lauds and Vespers. Currently, the Dies Irae is sung in churches where the Tridentine Mass is celebrated.Liturgia Horarum IV, (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2000), p.489. The Christmas sequence Laetabundus, not present in the Roman Missal, is found in the Dominican Missal.

Set at corner of 33rd Ave and 1539 Blake St.S01 E09 - No Nudes is Good Nudes Astoria in Queens, Cosby portrayed grumpy Hilton Lucas, a New York City man forced into early retirement from his job as an airline customer service agent. His wife Ruth was again played by Phylicia Rashad. Initially, Telma Hopkins was cast as Ruth Lucas; however, she was recast after she reacted poorly to Cosby's tendency to ad libitum. The couple had one daughter, Erica Lucas, initially portrayed by Audra McDonald and later portrayed by T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh.

As in Orvonton, after announcing the piece in the first seven lines, the German words from section 8 onward analyse the stages of the work itself: "24 lines of notes for the flute / from 1 to 24 pitches / of the original row / source of all melodies / each line, a different low note / fragments of the groups / jumps in the entire space / fitting dynamics / articulation free / legato or staccato / pauses ad libitum / flexible tempo / one insert per line / for the fantasy / and the play / and the joy / for the magic / the eternal GOD" (Stockhausen 2009e, I).

Concerning the symphony and Lutosławski's compositional techniques, Martin Cooper says that "Lutosławski's controlled randomness is a method which leaves players rather more license than most schoolchildren enjoy in class, while giving the conductor the schoolmaster's task of intervening at roughly fixed intervals."Maciejewski (1976), pp. 36–7 Symphony No. 2 utilizes a modernistic approach to the Baroque and Classical art of counterpoint, coined by some as "aleatoric counterpoint".Varga (1976), p. 25 Nearly all of Symphony No. 2 is written in limited aleatoric sections called ad libitum by the composer.

Although each of the parts is relatively simple in terms of rhythm and melody, the composite pitch and rhythmic structures in these ad libitum sections can become complex. Each performer is instructed to play "with the expressive freedom of a solo or a cadenza" – including those playing the same part.Nikolska (1994) p.122 Any vertical alignment on the score after the beginning of such a passage is to be ignored by the instrumentalist or the conductor; instead of being controlled via the score, rhythm in these sections (microrhythm) is contributed to by every individual performer.

This étude features distinct sections, separated by progressions in double octaves. After a short ad libitum cadenza, the main theme is presented in octaves accompanied by thirds in the center of the keyboard, giving the impression of a horse galloping in a cloud of dust. The theme returns immediately this time with a thinner texture. After a chromatic scale in alternating octaves arrives, the quieter "Lo stesso tempo" occurs in which the left hand plays a modified version of the theme while the right hand plays arpeggios in intervals up and down the keyboard.

The school has several campus organizations, all under the umbrella of the student body. The student body is named Supreme Council of Scholars, or SCS, and it is in charge of the Student's Week, Acquaintance Party and Sorting, Socialization, and others.PSHS Central Mindanao Campus SMART or Science and Mathematics Association for Responsible Teenagers is the organization concerned with SMT related activities, including the Science Camp (SciCamp), Quarterly Quiz Bowl, and the Weekly Pop Quiz. The SCS hosted five clubs — ELITE, GLOBE, SIPA, PASTEL, and Ad Libitum until 2014–2015.

The ELITE was the club for computer enthusiasts and is supposed to be but did not become an autonomous club like the SCS and SMART. The GLOBE or Great Lovers of Best Entertainment was for the performers, further divided into singing, dancing, and theatre. The SIPA (Sporty Individuals with Positive Attitude) was the sports club; PASTEL is the arts club; and the Ad Libitum was the expressionists club. The SCS hosts the Leagues, in which scholars are grouped into four (patterned from the Houses of Hogwarts, Harry Potter).

Gregorian chant setting for Kyrie XI notated in neumes. The Kyriale is a collection of Gregorian chant settings for the Ordinary of the Mass. It contains eighteen Masses (each consisting of the Kyrie, Gloria [excluded from Masses intended for weekdays/ferias and Sundays in Advent and Lent], Sanctus, and Agnus Dei), six Credos, and several ad libitum chants. This collection is included in liturgical books such as the Graduale Romanum and Liber Usualis, and it is also published as a separate book by the monks of Solesmes Abbey.

The current official musical score of the national anthem was arranged by Kazimierz Sikorski and published by the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. Sikorski's harmonization allows for each vocal version to be performed either a cappella or together with any of the instrumental versions. Some orchestra parts, marked in the score as ad libitum, may be left out or replaced by other instruments of equivalent musical scale. In 1908, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, later to become the first Prime Minister of independent Poland, quoted the anthem in a disguised way in his Symphony in B minor "Polonia".

The series ended with the song "Gā Bāḷāno, Shrīrāmāyaṇ" where the part post crown ceremony was added. Apart from the number of songs, Madgulkar and Phadke left music, lyrics and choice of singers ad libitum. Madgulkar was given artistic liberty for the choice of the meters for the song, execution of the story line, and the message he could convey through it. Initially, the programme was scheduled to begin on the occasion of Gudi Padwa, beginning of the New year according to the lunisolar Hindu calendar but later finalized to be Rama Navami, traditional birthday of Rama.

600px The eleventh concerto was probably the last to be completed according to the date in the autograph manuscript. Handel chose to make this concerto an adaptation of his recently composed but still unpublished organ concerto HWV 296 in A major: in either form it has been ranked as one of the very finest of Handel's concertos, "a monument of sanity and undemonstrative sense", according to Basil Lam. The concerto grosso is more carefully worked out, with an independent viola part and modifications to accommodate the string soloists. The ad libitum sections for organ are replaced by accompanied passages for solo violin.

The earliest significant use of music indeterminacy features is found in many of the compositions of American composer Charles Ives in the early 20th century. Henry Cowell adopted Ives's ideas during the 1930s, in such works as the Mosaic Quartet (String Quartet No. 3, 1934), which allows the players to arrange the fragments of music in a number of different possible sequences. Cowell also used specially devised notations to introduce variability into the performance of a work, sometimes instructing the performers to improvise a short passage or play ad libitum. John Cage is regarded as a pioneer of indeterminacy in music.

In captivity they are typically fed ad libitum or in set amounts that (per week) equal 1–4% of the total weight of the sawfish, but there are indications that captives grow considerably faster than their wild counterparts. The rostrum (saw) plays a significant role in both locating the prey and capturing it, which is unique among jawed fish. The head and rostrum contain thousands of sensory organs, the ampullae of Lorenzini, that allow the sawfish to detect and monitor the movements of other organisms by measuring the electric fields they emit. Electroreception is also known from some other families of fish.

L'opera completa di Hogarth pittore. Milano: Rizzoli. p. 112. . In 1757, the Austrian Baron de Mengen performed with a small doll. By the late 18th century, ventriloquist performances were an established form of entertainment in England, although most performers threw their voice to make it appear that it emanated from far away, rather than the modern method of using a puppet. A well-known ventriloquist of the period, Joseph Askins, who performed at the Sadler's Wells Theatre in London in the 1790s advertised his act as "curious ad libitum Dialogues between himself and his invisible familiar, Little Tommy".

This seven-minute, 36-bar piece is scored for four-part mixed chorus. Messiaen stated that four unspecified solo voices could also be a suitable scoring for the piece, along with an optional accompaniment of an organ (ad libitum), which is unusually flexible for Messiaen. Since the date of its first known performance, Messiaen performed the piece together with either Mme Bourdette-Vial or Lucile Darlay, Messiaen also accepted a different scoring variation: soprano and organ. Later in his life, however, in 1986, he listed the composition as being a work for "mixed chorus a cappella", and this is the way the composition is most performed today.

A later use has the contradictory meaning of optional, indicating that a part was not obligatory."Obbligato" in Lectionary of Music, Nicolas Slonimsky. McGraw-Hill A difficult passage in a concerto might be furnished by the editor with an easier alternative called the obbligato; or a work may have a part for one or more solo instruments, marked obbligato (but more commonly and correctly termed an ossia), that is decorative rather than essential; the piece is complete and can be performed without the added part."Obbligato" in Collins Music Encyclopedia, Westrup & Harrison: Collins, London, 1959 The traditional term for such a part is ad libitum, or ad lib.

No specimens approaching these extreme sizes have been reported since the middle of the 20th century. This lack of giant individuals is corroborated by commercial octopus fishers; none of those interviewed by Cosgrove & McDaniel (2009) had caught a single animal weighing more than in the previous 20 years, among many thousands harvested over that period (Cosgrove & McDaniel, 2009:71). Octopus specialist Roland Anderson, a biologist with the Seattle Aquarium for more than 30 years, had long sought, unsuccessfully, to find a giant Pacific octopus weighing more than . In an attempt to raise a truly enormous specimen, Anderson fed a number of captive males ad libitum.

Among his honors are the Solidarity Award in Music (1985), Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award (1998), Norwid Price in Music (2003), Polish Composers' Union Prize (2003). In 2005 he was awarded by Polish Minister of Culture with “Gloria Artis” Silver Medal. He served as director of the International Festival of Contemporary Music "Warsaw Autumn" (1995-98), president of the Polish Composers' Union (1999-2003), vice-president of the Polish Music Council (since 2000) and president (since 2005), the member of the Supervisory Board of the public Polish Television (2003-2006). Director of international Ad Libitum festival of improvised music since 2006.

The music is primarily for strings alone and is very turbulent and troubled until the trumpet soloist enters near the end of the music, giving this mostly tragic work a hopeful ending. The first performance was given by the Collegium Musicum of Zurich under Sacher on 18 May 1942. The work is in three movements: # Molto moderato - Allegro # Adagio mesto # Vivace non troppo The work is for string orchestra, except for the addition of a trumpet in the concluding chorale: "like pulling out an organ stop", according to the composer. The trumpet part is marked ad libitum, and although occasionally performed by strings alone, most performances include the trumpet.

Macrostomum lignano, like all other flatworms, is an unsegmented, soft-bodied bilaterian without body cavity, and no specialized circulatory or respiratory organs. Unlike many other flatworms, its body is not flattened but round in cross section, the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients to the different body parts being possible due to its small size (adults reach about 1.7 mm in length) Macrostomum lignano is a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Adults (about 12 days after hatching, at 20 °C and ad libitum food) have a pair of ovaries and a pair of testes, and simultaneously produce gametes in both sex functions. Reproduction is by outcrossing, with worms mating reciprocally.

In music, biology, and drama, the phrase ad libitum (; from Latin for "at one's pleasure" or "as you desire") often shortened to "ad lib" (as an adjective or adverb) or "ad-lib" (as a verb or noun) has various meanings. The roughly synonymous phrase a bene placito ("in accordance with [one's] good pleasure") is less common but, in its Italian form a piacere, entered the musical lingua franca (see below). The phrase "at liberty" is often associated mnemonically (because of the alliteration of the lib- syllable), although it is not the translation (there is no cognation between libitum and liber). Libido is the etymologically closer cognate known in English.

His runs are added to the intro, following which he joins on the second verse, flaunting his "icy" wealth. He sings lyrics including: "I got more ice than, than the snow", "Cause I don't sleep, please don't wake me" and "It ain't political", adding the ad libitum "skrrt!". Bieber continues; "Yeah, I’m a bad guy/Ain’t no holdin’ back guy/Come off like a mad guy/Always got your back guy/Yeah I'm the real type/Keep you full of thrills type/Show you what it feels like/Got an open invite", before chanting "I'm the bad guy". He growls into the second half of the song.

"Neue Mitglieder," Akademie der Künste, Berlin. Accessed 2 April 2014. Her other awards and distinctions include: first prize in the Third Composition Competition for Synthesized and Computerized Music in 1992; her tenure in 2004 as artist-in-residence at Künstlerinnenhof Die Höge, a centre for female artists at Bassum near Bremen; the selection of Zerstören (2005/2006) as an official German entry for the 2007 World Music Days in Hong Kong; the special jury prize at the Internationaler Komponistinnen Wettbewerb in 2008 for Zehn Miniaturen für Cello und Akkordeon (2008); and her selection as one of four prizewinners in the 2011 ad libitum Composition Competition for Klangrätsel (2010).

A hymn is heard (specifically the Kyrie ad libitum 1, Clemens Rector; and the Sanctus from Mass IX, Cum jubilo), the sound rising and sinking again into some sort of catacomb, the cavern in which the dead are immured. An offstage trumpet plays the Sanctus hymn. Lower orchestral instruments, plus the organ pedal at 16′ and 32′ pitch, suggest the subterranean nature of the catacombs, while the trombones and horns represent priests chanting. The Pines of the Janiculum (I pini del Gianicolo, lento) The end of the third movement features this recording of the song of a nightingale which Respighi incorporated into the score.

Cumming's inventory is all that survives of these organs, one having been destroyed in a fire in 1843. There is an existing set of barrels, however, for the chamber barrel organ made by Henry Holland around 1790, formerly in the Colt Clavier Collection and now at Hammerwood Park in Sussex. These contain two concertos HWV 290 and 294 from Op. 4 with elaborate ornamentation supplied by Smith and have been recorded by Erato.Erato, Paris ERA 9274 (1985) Un enregistrement d'epoque, sleevenotes by Olivier Roux Two modern performing editions of the concertos by the organists and musicologists Peter Williams and Ton Koopman provide missing movements and give suggestions for the ad libitum passages, possibly too earthbound according to some commentators.

The other six vary between Buddhist texts such as Abhyadattasri, and Hindu texts such as Varnaratnakara and Hathapradipika. The most common remaining Nath gurus include Caurangi (Sarangadhara, Puran Bhagat), Jalandhara (Balnath, Hadipa), Carpatha, Kanhapa, Nagarjuna and Bhartrihari. The Nath tradition was not a new movement, but one evolutionary phase of a very old Siddha tradition of India. The Siddha tradition explored Yoga, with the premise that human existence is a psycho- chemical process that can be perfected by a right combination of psychological, alchemy and physical techniques, thereby empowering one to a state of highest spirituality, living in prime condition ad libitum, and dying when one so desires into a calm, blissful transcendental state.

Later, during his Dadaist phase, Schulhoff composed a number of pieces with absurdist elements. Anticipating John Cage's 4′33″ by more than thirty years, Schulhoff's In futurum (part of Fünf Pittoresken for piano, written in 1919) is a silent piece composed entirely of rests, with the interpretative instruction "tutto il canzone con espressione e sentimento ad libitum, sempre, sin al fine" ("the whole piece with free expression and feeling, always, until the end"). The composition is notated in great rhythmic detail, employing bizarre time signatures and intricate rhythmic patterns. Schulhoff's work is itself predated by humorist Alphonse Allais's nine-measure silent work of 1897 Funeral March for the Obsequies of a Deaf Man.

The oratorio was conceived in 1989 as a requiem for the victims of the nuclear bomb of 6 August 1945, but was expanded to a suite in five movements in 2001 in response to ecological problems due to economic growth. Among the texts is a poem "Heimkehr" (Returning home) by Paul Celan, and a haiku by Matsuo Bashō. The music uses wind sounds, tone clusters, and percussion close to natural sounds, while the choral writing seems to align with European models. In 2010, he composed a chamber music work for his friend Walter Fink, Für Walter (For Walter), for soprano saxophone and piano, with percussion ad libitum, and attended its premiere in a concert on Fink's 80th birthday.

The symphony is scored for an orchestra with the following instruments: ;Woodwinds :3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo) :2 oboes :2 clarinets (in A) :2 bassoons ;Brass :4 horns :2 trumpets :3 trombones :1 tuba ;Percussion :timpani :bass drum :cymbals :tam-tam (ad libitum) ;Strings :violins I, II :violas :celli :double basses Although not called for in the score, a bass clarinet is commonly employed to replace the solo bassoon for the four notes immediately preceding the Allegro vivo section of the first movement, which originates from Austrian conductor Hans Richter. This substitution is because it is nearly impossible in practice for a bassoonist to execute the passage at the indicated dynamic of .

Demarcating the first three of these stages is very difficult, but the fourth and fifth stages are more obvious. The fourth stage begins at downbeat 133 and ends just before downbeat 151; the fifth and final stage begins at downbeat 151 and ends after downbeat 160. Across these five stages, one may observe two significant rhythmic processes: a process of unification from ad libitum playing to metered playing and a process of acceleration from longer sections with sustained material to shorter sections in faster tempos with quicker rhythmic material, producing rhythmic acceleration on two levels, that of microrhythm, the surface rhythms within sections, and on the level of macrorhythm, the lengths of sections.

Headliners: Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Pulp, Ministry, Massive Attack, Coolio, Orbital, Leftfield, Underworld, Beck, Black Grape Goldie/Metalheadz, The Presidents of the USA, Foo Fighters, The Amps, The Chemical Brothers, The Roots, Ocean Colour Scene, Fear Factory, Slayer, GZA, The Mike Flowers Pops Ken Ishii, Nightmares on Wax, BT, Faithless, Lionrock, Moloko, Ash, Nicolette, Spring Heel Jack, Dog Eat Dog, Whipping Boy, Dirty Three, The Brotherhood, Morcheeba, Fun Lovin' Criminals, Hallucinogen, Super Furry Animals, Bis, Motorpsycho, Peltz, The Highrollers, Penthouse Playboys, Palace of Pleasure, Folk & Røvere, Gartnerlosjen, Turbonegro, Subgud, Kåre and the Cavemen, The 3rd and the Mortal, Alania, Tørst, Salida, Gluecifer, Mindstate, Red Cloud, Dryads, Silent, Ad Libitum, Groms, The Weeds, Cirkus Gilmour, Whipped Cream Royale.

However, over nutrition associated with feeding ad libitum results in accelerated skeletal growth and weight gain leading to osteopenia, especially in large breed dogs. Therefore, appropriate energy requirements should be met, but not exceeded in the growing dog. Owners and puppy raisers should monitor their puppy’s weight gain by referencing a 9-point body condition score scale which is easily accessible on the internet, regularly weighing the puppy, and consulting with their veterinarian. Owners should also be mindful as to the energy level of their puppy; high energy level puppies will require more energy and may need to be fed extra amounts of food, just as lower energy puppies may require less food.

Simeon ten Holt (24 January 1923 – 25 November 2012) was a Dutch contemporary classical composer. Ten Holt was born in Bergen, North Holland, the Netherlands, and studied with Jakob van Domselaer, eventually developing a highly personal style of minimal composition. Van Domselaer's influence on ten Holt's musical philosophy was considerable, with the younger composer picking up van Domselaer's interests in the links between music and visual art, in music's relationship with mathematics, and in the use of the piano as a principal instrument in his compositions. Ten Holt generally used consonant, tonal materials and his works are organized in numerous cells, made up of a few measures each, which are repeated ad libitum according to the player's preference.

Eventually, these notations were acquired by Harvard University, and are now part of the cache of materials relating to the Imperial Ballet known as the Sergeyev Collection that includes not only the notated ballets but rehearsal scores as used by the company at the turn-of-the-twentieth century. The notations of Giselle and the full-length Paquita were recorded circa 1901-1902 while Marius Petipa himself took Anna Pavlova through rehearsals. Pavlova is also included in some of the other notated choreographies when she participated in performances as a soloist. Several of the violin or piano reductions used as rehearsal scores reflect the variations that Pavlova chose to dance in a particular performance, since, at that time, classical variations were often performed ad libitum, i.e.

Helge Hurum (born 1 August 1936) is a Norwegian jazz musician, composer, arranger and musical director. Hurum has led several of Norway's key big bands, including the Oslo University Big Band (1969–74), Norway's Radio Big Band (1979–90), his own Helge Hurum Storband (1965–70), the EBU Big Band (1973), the Chateau Neuf Big Band and, in later years, the Oslo Big Band. Hurum studied at the Norwegian Academy of Music, and has practiced as an autodidact contemporary composer with his works being performed by orchestras such as the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra (Concentus ad Libitum, 1979) and a number of marching bands. Hurum's works Fata Morgana (1984) and Canto for Solo Piccolo and String Quartet (1985) were bestowed with NOPA Work of the Year Awards.

Lousadzak was Hovhaness's first work to make use of an innovative technique he called "spirit murmur", an early example of aleatoric music inspired by a vision of Hermon di Giovanno. The technique, essentially similar to the 1960s ad libitum aleatory of Lutoslawski, involves instruments repeating phrases in uncoordinated fashion, producing a complex "cloud" or "carpet" of sounds. In the mid-1940s, Hovhaness' stature in New York was helped considerably by members of the immigrant Armenian community who sponsored several high-profile concerts of his music. This organization, the Friends of Armenian Music Committee, was led by Hovhaness's friends Dr. Elizabeth A. Gregory, the Armenian American piano/violin duo Maro Ajemian and Anahid Ajemian, and later Anahid's husband, pioneering record producer and subsequent Columbia Records executive George Avakian.

It shows the clear influence of Mozart's Requiem (also in D minor) and similar works of Michael Haydn. The seldom performed Missa solemnis, composed in 1854 for Friedrich Mayer's installation, was the last major work Bruckner composed before he started to study with Simon Sechter, with the possible exception of Psalm 146, a large work, for SATB soloists, double choir and orchestra. The three Masses, which Bruckner wrote in the 1860s and revised later on in his life, are more often performed. The Masses numbered 1 in D minor and 3 in F minor are for solo singers, mixed choir, organ ad libitum and orchestra, while No. 2 in E minor is for mixed choir and a small group of wind instruments, and was written in an attempt to meet the Cecilians halfway.

Music for the Royal Fireworks opens with a French overture and includes a bourrée and two minuets. The work is in five movements: #Overture (Adagio – Allegro – Lentement – Allegro) #Bourrée #La Paix (Largo alla siciliana) #La Réjouissance (Allegro) #Menuets I and II It was scored for a large wind band ensemble consisting of 24 oboes, 12 bassoons and a contrabassoon, nine natural trumpets, nine natural horns, three pairs of kettledrums, and side drums which were given only the direction to play ad libitum; no side drum parts were written by Handel. Handel was specific about the numbers of instruments to each written part. In the overture there are assigned three players to each of the three trumpet parts; the 24 oboes are divided 12, 8 and 4; and the 12 bassoons are divided 8 and 4.

People at a cantus use special formulae, usually in Latin. For example, after a song, a senior can order the corona to drink collectively. They can do this by either saying 'prosit corona' (after which the corona responds with 'prosit senior') a few times, or by using the formula 'ad exercissimum sanctissimi salamandris omnes commilitones qui adsunt, surgite', to which the corona replies 'surgimus' whilst rising ('onwards to the exercise of the most sacred salamander, all of you fellow students present, rise' and 'we rise'). Then the senior has the choice of either ordering 'ad libitum' (drink as you please, which should be 'ad libidinem' in more accurate Latin) or the more famous and notorious 'ad fundum' (literally: to the bottom, or drink until the glass is empty).

Tempo rubato (, ,"tempo rubato" (US) and ; "free in the presentation", literally ) is a musical term referring to expressive and rhythmic freedom by a slight speeding up and then slowing down of the tempo of a piece at the discretion of the soloist or the conductor. Rubato is an expressive shaping of music that is a part of phrasing.Phrasing and Rubato – The musiclover's handbook, containing (1) a pronouncing dictionary of musical terms and (2) biographical dictionary of musicians (1911) by John Clifford While rubato is often loosely taken to mean playing with expressive and rhythmic freedom, it was traditionally used specifically in the context of expression as speeding up and then slowing down the tempo. In the past, expressive and free playing (beyond only rubato) was often associated with the terms "ad libitum".

In general, Bois’s music includes a penchant for musical comedy and explores the humorous possibilities of avant-garde materials . His earliest compositional style (from his earliest compositions up to the Sonatine for piano of 1960) showed the influence of Willem Pijper , but was also close to the younger generation of French composers . At this time he employed serial technique under the stylistic influence of Anton Webern as well as, amongst others, Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Luigi Nono, and Luciano Berio . Representative works of this period include the First String Quartet (1960), Bewegingen, for piccolo and piano (1961), and Spiel en Zwischenspiel (1962). Tentatively in part III of Muziek voor fluit solo (1961), but especially by the time of Espaces à remplir (1963), the Deuxième série de rondeaux (1964), and Ad libitum (1965), Bois had begun including sections with degrees of improvisation (; ; ).

Hooper (1936) 44 "In their train have followed the host of guide-books and popular writers who have expanded and embellished ad libitum as fancy prompted". A separate (and more reliably attested) route to Canterbury from London was by way of Watling Street, as followed by the storytellers in The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. Conversely, the concept of a single route called the Pilgrims' Way could be no older than the Victorian Ordnance Survey map of Surrey, whose surveyor, Edward Renouard James, published a pamphlet in 1871 entitled Notes on the Pilgrims' Way in West Surrey. While acknowledging that the route was "little studied" and that "very many persons in the neighbourhood had not been aware of it", he nonetheless caused the name to be inserted on the Ordnance Survey map, giving official sanction to his conjecture.

The earliest significant use of aleatory features is found in many of the compositions of American Charles Ives in the early 20th century. Henry Cowell adopted Ives's ideas during the 1930s, in such works as the Mosaic Quartet (String Quartet No. 3, 1934), which allows the players to arrange the fragments of music in a number of different possible sequences. Cowell also used specially devised notations to introduce variability into the performance of a work, sometimes instructing the performers to improvise a short passage or play ad libitum . Later American composers, such as Alan Hovhaness (beginning with his Lousadzak of 1944) used procedures superficially similar to Cowell's, in which different short patterns with specified pitches and rhythm are assigned to several parts, with instructions that they be performed repeatedly at their own speed without coordination with the rest of the ensemble .

Gérard'd du Toit was born in Nelspruit and started his formal music training at the age of 11. He matriculated at Hoërskool Nelspruit in 1975 and enrolled for a B.Mus Performance degree at the University of Pretoria. His studies included organ and formal voice training. In 1987 he completed the Teachers Licentiate in flute at UNISA. In 1992 he completed the B.Mus Honours Degree at the University of Pretoria, majoring in a thesis on the formal training of the boy's voice while it is changing He is a member and soloist of the UNISA Ad Libitum Choir. In 1986, Gérard'd was appointed Choirmaster of the world famous Drakensberg Boys' Choir School. He was appointed by the Board of Directors to accompany the choir on its 21st Birthday tour to Europe, as Conductor. In 1990 Gérard'd was appointed as a staff member at Hoërskool Ermelo where he founded the Hoëveld Children's Choir.

The concession by which colonies were allowed to tax imports from the mother-country ad libitum was not his; he protested against it, but was overruled. In the West Indies he suppressed, if he could not overcome, discontent; in Ceylon he put down rebellion; in New Zealand he suspended the constitution he had himself accorded, and yielded everything into the hands of Sir George Grey. The least successful part of his administration was his treatment of the convict question at the Cape of Good Hope, which seemed an exception to his rule that the colonies were to be governed for their own benefit and in accordance with their own wishes, and subjected him to a humiliating defeat. In 1848 Grey was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council representing the City of Melbourne despite never visiting the colony; his seat was declared vacant in 1850 due to his non-attendance.

The work is set for choir and soloists, orchestra (2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in A, 2 bassoons, 4 horns in F, 3 trumpets in F, alto, tenor and bass trombones, contrabass tuba, timpani in C and G, and strings), and organ ad libitum . The setting in "arch form"William Carragan – Bruckner’s Golden Arches is in five sections: # "Te Deum laudamus" - Allegro, Feierlich, mit Kraft, C major # "Te ergo quaesumus" - Moderato, F minor # "Aeterna fac" - Allegro, Feierlich, mit Kraft, D minor # "Salvum fac populum tuum" - Moderato, F minor # "In Te, Domine speravi" - Mäßig bewegt, C major Total duration: about 24 minutes. The first section opens in blazing C major by the choir in unison, propelled by a powerful open-fifth pedal point by the organ and open- fifths motive in the strings. Thereafter, the soloists and the choir enter as the music moves through distinctly Brucknerian processes and modulations.

Klamath woman photographed by Edward S. Curtis in 1924 One of the earliest aging theories was the Rate of Living Hypothesis described by Raymond Pearl in 1928 (based on earlier work by Max Rubner), which states that fast basal metabolic rate corresponds to short maximum life span. While there may be some validity to the idea that for various types of specific damage detailed below that are by-products of metabolism, all other things being equal, a fast metabolism may reduce lifespan, in general this theory does not adequately explain the differences in lifespan either within, or between, species. Calorically restricted animals process as much, or more, calories per gram of body mass, as their ad libitum fed counterparts, yet exhibit substantially longer lifespans. Similarly, metabolic rate is a poor predictor of lifespan for birds, bats and other species that, it is presumed, have reduced mortality from predation, and therefore have evolved long lifespans even in the presence of very high metabolic rates.

39/4 (September 2012), p. 81Maxine Ramey, “I.C.A. General Business Meeting” The Clarinet Vol. 40/1 (December 2012), p. 101John Cipolla, “The President’s Message” The Clarinet Vol 40/2 (March 2013), p. 106“Nagrade i priznanja.” Treptaj No. 12 (October 2013), p. 17 Award winners of the Association of Musical Artists of Serbia, Retrieved on January 25, 2015 I.C.A. Serbia Newsletter, 2013, Retrieved on February 1, 2016“Nagrade i priznanja.“ Treptaj No. 20 (January 2016), p. 8 Žika Milutinović, “Poslušni klarinet,“ Ilustrovana politika, No. 369 (November 30, 1965), p. 29European Clarinet Association Newsflash, July 2016, Retrieved on July 16, 2018Milenko Stefanović receives ECA Lifetime Achievement Award, by Andrija Blagojević, ECA Newsletter, July 16, 2016"Ad libitum", RTS2, October 8, 2013, RTS Svet, October 9, 2013 ‘’Vizija’’ (dedicated to Milenko Stefanović) by Aleksandra Glovacki, Radio Belgrade 202, Wednesday, March 9, 2016Živomir Milenković, "Milenku Stefanoviću, univerzitetskom profesoru i legendarnom srpskom klarinetisti Evropska nagrada za životno delo," Prosvetni pregled (March 10, 2016), p.

Two major ongoing studies on rhesus monkeys initially revealed disparate results; while one study, by the University of Wisconsin, showed that caloric restriction does extend lifespan, the second study, by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), found no effects of caloric restriction on longevity. Both studies nevertheless showed improvement in a number of health parameters. Notwithstanding the similarly low calorie intake, the diet composition differed between the two studies (notably a high sucrose content in the Wisconsin study), and the monkeys have different origins (India, China), initially suggesting that genetics and dietary composition, not merely a decrease in calories, are factors in longevity. However, in a comparative analysis in 2014, the Wisconsin researchers found that the allegedly non-starved NIA control monkeys in fact are moderately underweight when compared with other monkey populations, and argued this was due to the NIA's apportioned feeding protocol in contrast to Wisconsin's truly unrestricted ad libitum feeding protocol.

First page of Bach's autograph score of BWV 30.1, showing the parts for trumpets and timpani in the uppermost four staves, the parts which were omitted by the composer in the BWV 30.2 version of the same music. Bach scored the cantata for four vocal soloists (soprano, alto, tenor, bass), a four-part choir, two traversos, two oboes, oboe d'amore, concertato violin, accompanying strings (two violin parts and one viola part) and basso continuo. The three trumpets and timpani that played in the outer movements of the cantata's secular model, were not copied in Bach's autograph of the sacred work, but could be added ad libitum to the respective movements of that version of the work, as the Bach-Gesellschaft did when they published the composition. In 1752, two years after Bach's death, his son Wilhelm Friedemann added reworked parts for two trumpets and timpani in these movements, and applied some other changes, for a performance in Halle.

It consists of eleven songs,The songs of the collection are as follows: Prenda minha (E), Tirana, tira-tirana (G/D), Meu boi barroso (F), Trovas saudosas No. 1 (F), Trovas saudosas No. 2 (C), Chimarrita (D), Saudades do gaúcho (D), Galinha morta (C), Toada (G), Carangueijo (B) and Velha gaita (F). of which the last (Velha gaita) was harmonized only for one voice and piano, while each of the other ten songs have two versions: for 2 female voices and piano (however in most of the songs the second voice is ad libitum) or for female chorus a cappella (usually 3- or 4-part, though the Chimarrita is 5-part). The lack of choral arrangement for the last song was explained by Braga merely through the lack of time, but there is an old LP recording of such arrangement, what makes one suggest that the composer worked it out at some moment later.

During her time at The University of West England (not to be confused with The University of Bristol), she met up with Jody Wisternoff, Massive Attack and Tricky and began to further enhance her live performances and songwriting skills, landing underground hits with "One By One" and "Always on my Mind".Mixmag Music Magazine 1993 In 1994, Coco Star was signed by Universal MCA music publishing as part of a development deal where she worked alongside Paul Connolly on live showcases. Coco was coached by Whitney Houston's vocal coach and had dance tuition at Pineapple Dance Studios, as well as meeting Rob Davis regularly to work on music he wrote, and "I Need a Miracle" was just one of a few projects Coco worked on between 1994 and 1997. The ad libitum parts and sections of the melody line in "I Need a Miracle" including harmonies are exclusively the creation of Coco, who gave the song its iconic stamp.

Whether the selections were ad libitum or according to a fixed table of lessons is not mentioned. The Third Council of Carthage (397) forbade anything but Holy Scripture to be read in church. This rule has been adhered to so far as the liturgical epistle and gospel, and occasional additional lessons in the Roman Missal are concerned, but in the divine office, on feasts when nine lessons are read at matins, only the first three lessons are taken from Holy Scripture, the next three being taken from the sermons of ecclesiastical writers, and the last three from expositions of the day's gospel; but sometimes the lives or Passions of the saints, or of some particular saints, were substituted for any or all of these breviary lessons. Nothing in the shape of a lectionary is extant older than the 8th century, though there is evidence that Claudianus Marnercus made one for the church at Vienna in 450, and that Musaeus made one for the church at Marseille ca. 458.