155 Sentences With "unpigmented" | Random Sentence Generator

On average, Kingsley says, over half of our hair will be white (unpigmented) by our 50s.

And this little guy (a third of an inch long) is blind and unpigmented and has a whole bunch of legs.

Pearl, a 10-year-old, 105-pound albino gator, has quickly become the star of Florida park Gatorland for her unpigmented skin and startling pinkish-white eyes.

This depletes the follicle's supply and can mean the next time it makes a hair there aren't enough stem cells to give it a color, producing an unpigmented gray or white hair.

Image: Darryl Leja/Melissa Harris (National Human Genome Research Institute/University at Alabama Birmingham)Scientists think they've stumbled upon a newly discovered mechanism that could explain why some people's hair turns gray and others become afflicted with patches of unpigmented skin, a rare, stigmatized condition called vitiligo.

Broad transversal unpigmented stripe present on dorsum. Dorsal fin yellowish white with small dark spots on the spine. Pectoral fin brownish grey dorsally, with small dark spots. Caudal fin is whitish and unpigmented.

The best-known type of albinism is OCA1A, which impairs tyrosinase production. In other mammals, the diagnosis of albinism is based on the impairment of tyrosinase production through defects in the Color (C) gene. Mice and other mammals without tyrosinase have unpigmented pink skin, unpigmented white hair, unpigmented reddish eyes, and some form of vision impairment. No mutations of the tyrosinase or C gene are known in horses.

They have several long spines on the head, large eyes and slender, pointed gill rakers, but have small teeth and lack the fangs of the adult fish. The skin is largely unpigmented and clad in unpigmented scales, but there is a black patch on the belly formed by dark- coloured cup-like scales. As the juvenile reaches adulthood, it becomes darker as black scales grow to cover its still-unpigmented skin.

The belly is unpigmented apart from some minute gray spots. Dorsal skin is smooth.

When grown on nutrient agar, they form unpigmented colonies. They grow in the presence of oxygen.

The chest and the abdomen are unpigmented, or with some yellow pigment in the chest and the throat.

The lower jaw is blackish. Males have an unpigmented vocal sac and more white spines on the gular skin.

The olfactory organs are large and unpigmented, but the rest of the head and body is lightly pigmented and pale brown.

Bathyporeia elegans is a species of amphipod crustacean in the genus Bathyporeia. It is unpigmented, and grows up to in length.

The only specimen is 1.96mm in length, is unpigmented and notably has no eyes. The body is densely covered in hairs.

This horse is gray, not white. Its hair coat is completely white, but its underlying skin, seen around the eye and muzzle, is black. True white horses have unpigmented pink skin and unpigmented white hair, though eye color varies. The lack of pigment in the skin and hair is caused by the absence of pigment-producing cells called melanocytes.

Elytra 15 pairs (presumably; all 3 type specimens incomplete). Unpigmented. Lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and median antenna). Notochaetae thinner than neurochaetae.

The three strains tested grew well on TCBS agar as bright, nonluminescent yellow colonies and unpigmented translucent colonies on 2216E marine agar plates.

The appearance and growth rate of B. murorum colonies vary depending on the growth medium. For example, MEA medium colonies appear to be unpigmented (white in colour) or light brown, and OA medium colonies appear to be purple at the center and unpigmented at the surrounding area. A certain degree of morphological diversity is observed in different cultures of the same species.

Tadpoles are up to in length. Their body is flattened, dorsally black with two transverse light bands, and ventrally unpigmented. Oral disc is large.

The parotoid glands are yellow. There are also lightly coloured patches above the eyes. The venter is unpigmented, forming sharp contrast with the dorsal colouration.

Adult males measure and females in snout–vent length. The tympanum is conspicuous and unpigmented. The snout is relatively short and broad. Fingers and toes are without webbing.

It is slightly larger than the lesser white-toothed shrew but otherwise very similar and can often be distinguished only by close inspection of its teeth which are unpigmented.

True white horses have pink skin and white coats, and many have dark eyes, as here. White horses have unpigmented skin and a white hair coat. Many white horses have dark eyes, though some have blue eyes. In contrast to gray horses which are born with pigmented skin they keep for life and pigmented hair that lightens to white with age, truly white horses are born with white hair and mostly pink, unpigmented skin.

Frontal shorter or sub-equal to inter-parietal suture. First sub-labial does not contact second pair of chin-shields. Head relatively unpigmented. No light spots postero-lateral to parietals.

Limnohabitans planktonicus is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, unpigmented bacterium from the genus Limnohabitans, which was isolated from the mesoeutrophic freshwater reservoir in Římov in the Czech Republic.

The tail is also moderate, thick and tapering. They have divided nasal scales. The lower eyelid is moveable and without transparent disc and eyelids without paler cream margins. They have unpigmented tongue.

This causes – as a secondary effect – photosensitization, this means the inflammation of unpigmented areas and exposed skin (ears, teat, face) and photodynamic dermatitis. Only 5% of affected animals show the respective clinical signs.

An unpigmented form with fewer scales and no external eyes has been found living underground. Juveniles of this form are sighted at first, but as they get older, skin grows over their eyes.

A piebald horse, Tobiano pattern A piebald or pied animal is one that has a pattern of unpigmented spots (white) on a pigmented background of hair, feathers or scales. Thus a piebald black and white dog is a black dog with white spots. The animal's skin under the white background is not pigmented. Location of the unpigmented spots is dependent on the migration of melanoblasts (primordial pigment cells) from the neural crest to paired bilateral locations in the skin of the early embryo.

Cephonodes hylas moth In ichthyology and entomology, hyaline denotes a colorless, transparent substance, such as unpigmented fins of fishes or clear insect wings.Resh, Vincent H. and R. T. Cardé, Eds. Encyclopedia of Insects, Elsevier 2003.

Complementary epistasis in contrast produces an unpigmented plant if and only if the genotype is cc and dd, and the characteristic ratio is 15:1 between pigmented and unpigmented plants. Classical genetics considered epistatic interactions between two genes at a time. It is now evident from molecular genetics that all gene loci are involved in complex interactions with many other genes (e.g., metabolic pathways may involve scores of genes), and that this creates epistatic interactions that are much more complex than the classic two-locus models.

Nephropsis atlantica is relatively small for a lobster, growing to a maximum total length of . The eyes are unpigmented, in contrast to shallow-water species, and the carapace, abdomen and chelae are covered in setae (bristles).

The pupil is horizontally elliptical, and the palpebral membrane is unpigmented. Many species have tadpoles that develop in mountain streams and have enlarged ventral mouths. However, "Cyclorana" are adapted to standing and often temporary bodies of water.

The dorsum is pale green with diffuse yellow dots. The fingers and toes are yellow and partly webbed. Lower surfaces are unpigmented and the heart is visible through the parietal peritoneum. The iris is pale silver bronze.

Limnohabitans parvus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase- positive, unpigmented, short-rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Limnohabitans, which was isolated with Limnohabitans planktonicus from the mesoeutrophic freshwater reservoir in Římov in the Czech Republic.

At hatching, the tadpoles are creamy white and unpigmented, acquiring some colouration and eye pigmentation as they mature. Tadpoles have large yolk sacs and residual mouths, and do not feed until metamorphosis. Metamorphlings have different colouration to the adults.

The circular bands do not extend onto the ventral surface in the trunk area, but are visible along the tail. The anal, pectoral, and dorsal fins are generally unpigmented, but may have some scattered melanophores. The caudal fin is dusky.

Cryptonanus species are small opossums even within their family and weigh about . The fur is unpatterned and usually reddish or grayish brown above and is grayish or unpigmented below. Guard hairs are poorly developed. A dark ring surrounds the eyes.

Mycobacterium celatum is a species of mycobacterium described as a slow growing nonphotochromogenic mycobacterium whose cells are acid-fast, slender and predominantly rod-shaped bacillus. It does not form cords or branches. Colonies are predominantly small, smooth, dome- shaped and unpigmented.

Females are slightly larger than males, at up to across the carapace, compared to for males. Females also appear to be a darker colour, but only because of the presence of mud particles on the carapace; both sexes are naturally unpigmented.

Alcaligenes piechaudii is a bacterium; its type strain is CIP 60.75 (= Hugh 366-5 = IAM 12591 = LMG 1873). It is rod-shaped, aerobic, Gram negative, unpigmented, and motile by peritrichous flagella. It is found in humans and in the environment.

The presence of melanin in feathers increases their resistance to abrasion. One study notes that melanin based feathers were observed to degrade more quickly under bacterial action, even compared to unpigmented feathers from the same species, than those unpigmented or with carotenoid pigments. However, another study the same year compared the action of bacteria on pigmentations of two song sparrow species and observed that the darker pigmented feathers were more resistant; the authors cited other research also published in 2004 that stated increased melanin provided greater resistance. They observed that the greater resistance of the darker birds confirmed Gloger's rule.

Gray horses have the most common "white-like" coat color. However, the most noticeable difference between a gray horse whose hair coat is completely white and a white horse is skin color: most gray horses have black skin and dark eyes, white horses have light, unpigmented skin. The gray gene does not affect skin or eye color, so grays typically have dark skin and eyes, as opposed to the unpigmented pink skin of true white horses. The skin and eyes may be other colors if influenced by other factors such as white markings, certain white spotting patterns or dilution genes.

The Italian Landrace is a large pig, and very long in the body due to the presence of two or three supernumerary vertebrae – it has 15 or 16 rather than the usual 13. It is lop-eared; the hair is white, the skin is unpigmented.

Its snout-vent length is in males and in females. It has a markedly slender head with a pointed snout and a rather short fourth finger, distinguishing it from its relatives. Its vomer lacks teeth, and it has a lingual papilla. The eggs are unpigmented.

The unpigmented petiole in particular, being in living condition rather translucent, permits the visual impression that anterior and posterior body are separate objects. The common name, pirate ant, and species epithet, pirata, refers to the black ribbon across the eye reminiscent of a pirate's blindfold.

T. whitei is an eyeless, white (unpigmented) millipede. In common with all trichopetalids, it has rows of very elongate segmental setae extending in rows along the dorsal side. Proper identification requires microscopic examination and dissection of the gonopods (copulatory apparatus) by a specialist skilled in millipede identification.

Cachena cattle were bred from brown and yellow local cattle in Northern Portugal and Galicia (Spain). They are light brown to yellow with dark brown nuances around the withers. The mucosas are unpigmented except of the dark muzzle. The wide and long horns are lyre- shaped.

The species is characterized by a distinctive high number of anal fin rays and a short, blunt head with a straight lower jaw. It is unpigmented or transparent, with five or six spots of pigment along the body. Individuals are sized at around 55-70 millimeters in length.

The skin is white on the belly and light pink on the lateral and dorsal surfaces of head and body. The skin is slightly darker brown on the upper part of the body. The fins are dark brown with white spots. The oral cavity and viscera are unpigmented.

Neaphaenops tellkampfi occurs in caves in Kentucky. The American stenopelmatid Hadenoecus subterraneus is recorded from Kentucky caves. The remarkable carabid Comstockia subterranea is a true cave species found in Texas. The exclusively cave-dwelling silphid Adelops hirtus occurs in Kentucky caves and has very minute, unpigmented, atrophied eyes.

In algae, the term leucoplast is used for all unpigmented plastids. Their function differs from the leucoplasts of plants. Etioplasts, amyloplasts and chromoplasts are plant-specific and do not occur in algae. Plastids in algae and hornworts may also differ from plant plastids in that they contain pyrenoids.

A light vertebral stripe is often present. Some specimens are uniform gray above, contrasting with the darker flanks. Throat of females is mottled with dark brown while that of mature males is finely and densely punctated with black. Males have a subgular vocal sac that is usually unpigmented.

In some specimens, the coloration is bicolor with a sharp mid-lateral transition just one or two scale rows wide, from the pigmented dorsum to the unpigmented venter. In other specimens, the transition occurs closer to the venter, with some specimens being almost entirely pigmented. Typhlops hectus is oviparous.

The Grenada worm snake or Grenada Bank blindsnake (Amerotyphlops tasymicris) is a species of blind snake that is endemic to Grenada, an island in the Caribbean Lesser Antilles. It reaches a total length of 180 mm. It has light lines on its dorsal surface, and its ventral surface is unpigmented.

A white horse is born white and has unpigmented skin. Until the 18th century, Lipizzans had other coat colors, including dun, bay, chestnut, black, piebald, and skewbald. However, gray is a dominant gene. Gray was the color preferred by the royal family, so the color was emphasized in breeding practices.

A dipluran of the family Campodeidae Diplurans are typically long, with most falling between . However, some species of Japyx may reach . They have no eyes and, apart from the darkened cerci in some species, they are unpigmented. Diplurans have long antennae with 10 or more bead-like segments projecting forward from the head.

Surface-dwellers are generally larger, have darker pigments, have longer antennae and functioning furcula. Sub-surface-dwellers, are usually unpigmented, have elongated bodies, and reduced furcula. They can be categorized into four main forms according to soil composition and depth: atmobiotic, epedaphic, hemiedaphic, and euedaphic. Atmobiotic species inhabit macrophytes and litter surfaces.

Biswamoyopterus biswasi has reddish, grizzled fur with white above. Its crown is pale grey, its patagium is orangish and its underparts are white. The cheek teeth of B. biswasi are simple, and its incisors are unpigmented. Septae are multiple in auditory bullae and sometimes honeycomb-shaped with 10 to 12 cells in it.

The pigmented strains created lingering abscesses. Wounds with the unpigmented strains healed quickly. These tests suggest that the staphyloxanthin may be key to the ability of S. aureus to survive immune system attacks. Drugs designed to inhibit the bacterium's production of the staphyloxanthin may weaken it and renew its susceptibility to antibiotics.

Dactylellina haptotyla can be isolated on corn meal agar. After fifteen days of incubation, the colour of colonies changes from hyaline (unpigmented) to whitish or faintly pink colour. Colony diameter can expand by 4 cm at 25 °C within 10 days. Conidiophores are hyaline branches that are constructed by 5-7 septate.

Reddish eyes are due to the lack of pigment in the iris pigment epithelium. When the stroma is unpigmented but the iris pigment epithelium is not, mammalian eyes appear blue. Melanin in the pigment epithelium is critical for visual acuity and contrast. Loss of melanogenesis function is linked to the gene that encodes tyrosinase.

The body is subcylindrical and slightly dorso-ventrally compressed. The head is slightly wider than the body. The eyes are surrounded by narrow whitish ring and are visible through unpigmented skin as small, dark circles with lighter grey central lens; they are slightly elevated above adjacent skin. Living individuals have long and thin tentacles.

The Dougherty Plain cave crayfish grows to a length of about with antennae twice this length. It is a colourless species with unpigmented eyes, segmented cephalothorax and abdomen, a pair of slender chelae (claws) with a row or two of tubercles and long slender appendages. The rostrum is long and unadorned with tubercles or spines.

Metamorphosed female Spiniphryne have elongate and slender bodies rather than globulose. The body is entirely black except for the appendages at the tip of the esca, which are dark red to bright orange due to blood. The subdermal coloration consists of large, subdermal melanophores most densely grouped along the back. The fin bases and caudal peduncle are unpigmented.

Isoetes caroliniana, common name Carolina quillwort, is a wetlands plant native to the mountains of Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia. It is an emergent plant found in lakes and bogs. It is closely related to I. georgiana (the Georgia quillwort) but can be distinguished by its unpigmented sporangium wall.Flora of North America vol 2.

In samples collected from cerebrospinal fluid, C. koseri grows well on an any ordinary medium; they produce unpigmented, colorless mucoid colonies. If incubated for 24 hours in other media such as indole, citrate, and adonitol, C.koseri will be positive, hydrogen sulfide negative in Kligers’ iron agar, negative results in lactose, salicin, and sucrose broth as well. .

As a former member of the genus Lecythophora, it was considered to be poorly differentiated morphologically. Coniochaeta hoffmannii colonies range in colour from a pale salmon to a pallid orange, with degenerate strains presenting a creamy white colour. Colonies are also flat, smooth and moist. Collarettes are distinct, yet unpigmented, while conidia are also hyaline, smooth, and thin-walled.

Styposis is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1894. It is a senior synonym of Cyatholipulus. They are unpigmented, small spiders, usually measuring less than long. Comb-footed spiders usually have eight eyes, but most species have six large eyes, with the anterior median eyes extremely small or absent entirely.

Little is known of the breeding habits of this rare species and tadpoles have not been observed. Pregnant females have been found with a small number of large, unpigmented eggs. This led researchers to hypothesize that development may be direct without an intervening tadpole stage. Attempts to get the species to breed in the laboratory have been unsuccessful.

There are black canthal and postpostorbital stripes. The undersurfaces are yellow with grey vermiculations on the throat and, in some individuals, extending to the abdomen. Preserved specimens are pale gray to dull brown above, apart from the tip of the snout, which is unpigmented. An elongate and slightly irregular black stripe extends from the postorbital to the scapular regions.

Male M. baroni emit "intense sequences of short, single-click notes during the day" in order to assert their territory or attract females for mating. Females can lay up to 130 unpigmented eggs in a single clutch, and almost always do so near a source of water, into which the resulting tadpoles get washed by rainwater.

S. guntheri reaches a maximum length of SL in males and 3 cm (1.2 in) SL in females. Normally pigmented specimens of S. guntheri have a dark background color on the body and caudal fin, with some light spots and an unpigmented ventral body surface. These fish have been found in an albino form in their natural habitat.

All so-called "albino" horses have pigmented eyes, generally brown or blue. In contrast, many albino mammals, such as mice or rabbits, typically have a white hair coat, unpigmented skin and reddish eyes. The definition of "albinism" varies depending on whether humans, other mammals, or other vertebrates are being discussed. Despite this, some registries still refer to "albino" horses.

It has a black spot on the upper margin of the operculum, the upper part of the body is dark blue and the flanks and belly are silvery. The anal and pectoral fins are pale yellow in colour, the caudal fin is grey and the pelvic fins are white or unpigmented. It grows to a maximum total length of .

Samples of affected tissue show a lack of nerves that allow the intestine to move material through the digestive system, a condition called intestinal agangliosis. Closer examination of the skin and hair shows both to be unpigmented, and most hair follicles are inactive and many are devoid of hair altogether. All LWS foals test homozygous for a genetic abnormality.

The aphids accumulate in late summer and autumn, forming large colonies. Spores of Scorias spongiosa are borne by wind and rain and fall on the honeydew secretions found below the aphids. The first hyphal growth is straw coloured and unpigmented. The hyphae adhere to each other for short distances, diverging and re-adhering to form a loose stranded structure.

Allocrangonyx is a genus of troglobitic amphipod crustaceans from the South Central United States. The two species are both listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The animals are blind and unpigmented. During the male's development, the outer ramus of the third uropod differentiates into secondary segments and grows to a length greater than the animal's body length.

Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh It is pale grey-green dorsally, becoming silvery on its sides and silvery white on its belly. The iris of its eye is white-yellow. A faint dusky lateral stripe is usually present. The caudal fin is lightly pigmented, except the lower 3-4 rays, which are completely unpigmented.

Thymopides differs from related genera such as Homarus, Homarinus and Nephrops in having the first pair of pereiopods of similar size and shape, rather than one "crusher" and one "cutter" claw. It differs from others, such as Metanephrops and Eunephrops by the lack of a carina behind the antennal spine, by the smaller size of some spines and by the smaller, unpigmented eyes.

There are various types of lacquerware. The cinnabar-red is highly regarded. Unpigmented lacquer is dark brown but the most common colors of urushiol finishes are black and red, from powdered iron oxide pigments of ferrous-ferric oxide (magnetite) and ferric oxide (rust), respectively. Lacquer is painted on with a brush and is cured in a warm and humid environment.

Another health concern is a skin condition on the lower leg where feathering is heavy. Colloquially called "Clyde's itch", it is thought to be caused by a type of mange. Clydesdales are also known to develop sunburn on any pink (unpigmented) skin around their faces. Clydesdales are usually bay in colour, but a roaning pattern, black, grey, and chestnut also occur.

Males call while on low foliage or rocks close to the stream, and have has two distinct calls. A drawn out "eeeeeeee" repeated three or four times in concession is made when calling in a group and when calling alone a short "ee" is made every 4–5 seconds. Eggs are large and unpigmented and are laid in clumps of up to 100 attached to submerged objects.

To add to the confusion, at least some horses in each of those groups might be referred to as "dominant white", "white spotted", or "sabino". The amount of white hair depends on which KIT alleles are involved. At birth, most of the white hair is rooted in unpigmented pink skin. The pink skin lacks melanocytes, and appears pink from the underlying network of capillaries.

The fins are almost unpigmented and lack any distinct markings but breeding males may develop orange coloration on the fins and over the body. Males also develop tiny tubercles around mouth, snout and the first few pectoral fin rays. The underside from the breast to the pectoral fin base has no scales. The lateral line has 31–36 cycloid scales which are rounded in shape.

Entomocorus melaphareus is a species of driftwood catfish endemic to Brazil where it is found in the Amazon River. It grows to a length of 5.9 cm and can be distinguished from its congeners by an inconspicuous patch exists on the dorsal lobe of the caudal fin. It also has pigmented pectoral and pelvic fins, while these fins in the other three species are unpigmented.

Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The tympanum is well-defined and pale anteriorly. An oblique lateral pale line extends halfway from groin to the eye- Adult males with solid black throat, with the black pigmentation usually extending onto the chest and the anterior belly; adult females have white (unpigmented) or faintly pigmented gray or brown chest. The toes are moderately webbed.

The wavelength of diode lasers is typically in the 780 - 980 nm wavelength range. Compared with Nd:YAG laser and CO2 laser, diode laser has supreme advantage in energy efficiency. The high- energy light wave can penetrate a thickness of a few millimeters in semicrystalline plastics and further in unpigmented amorphous plastics. Diode lasers can be either fiber delivered or local to the weld location.

Gandalfus yunohana is a species of blind crab found on hydrothermal vents on the eastern edge of the Philippine Sea Plate south of Japan. It lives at shallower depths than other members of the family Bythograeidae, at . Because no light penetrates to such depths, the eyes of G. yunohana are immobile and unpigmented. Males have a carapace up to across, while females are larger, at .

The fruit body has an irregular shape, and usually breaks through the bark of dead branches. It is up to broad and high, rounded to variously lobed or brain-like in appearance. The fruit body is gelatin-like but tough when wet, and hard when dry. The surface is usually smooth, the lobes translucent, deep yellow or bright yellow-orange, fading to pale yellow, rarely unpigmented and white or colorless.

74, 331-336. reported a third recessive allele at the C pigment locus, to which they assigned the symbol ca. This allele in homozygous individuals produces a kind of partial albinism. Concomitant electron microscope studies of both retinal and feather melanocytes showed that both mutant alleles c and ca are citochemically tyrosinase negative, possess hypertrophied Golgi systems and contain numerous vesicles that appear to be incompletely formed, unpigmented granules.

A stone rubbing (graphite on paper) for documentation of a petroglyph. Stone rubbing is the practice of creating an image of surface features of a stone on paper. The image records features such as natural textures, inscribed patterns or lettering. By rubbing hard rendering materials over the paper, pigment is deposited over protrusions and on edges; depressions remain unpigmented since the pliable paper moves away from the rendering material.

A small, unpigmented eye is connected by the thin optic nerve to the rhinophoral nerve, slightly anterior to the rhinophoral ganglion. An optic ganglion is attached laterally to each cerebral ganglion and connected to the latter by a thin nerve. The optic ganglion is surrounded by an additional layer of connective tissue shared with the cerebral ganglion. Precerebral anterior accessory ganglia, as described for microhedylacean acochlidians and Tantulum elegans, are absent.

Termites are social insects with a caste system and individuals are either reproductives, workers, or soldiers. The reproductives have eyes, a brown chitinised exterior, and may have wings. Two of these reproductives are the queen and king, and these remain in the nest and produce and fertilise eggs. The workers and soldiers are blind, have soft unpigmented bodies and no wings, and normally remain under cover in dark, moist environments.

The types of lasers used in the welding of polymers include CO2 lasers, Nd:YAG lasers, Diode lasers and fiber lasers. CO2 lasers are mostly applied to weld thin films and thin plastics due to the high energy absorption coefficients of most plastics. Nd:YAG lasers and Diode lasers produce short wavelength radiation, which transmit through several millimeters of unpigmented polymer. They are used in the transmission laser welding techniques.

Unlike the premature births and stillborn or weak foals of some coat color dilution lethals, foals born with lethal white syndrome appear to be fully formed and normal. The coat is entirely or almost entirely white with underlying unpigmented pink skin. If pigmented regions are present, they may be any color, and are most common around the muzzle, underside of the barrel, and the hindquarters or tail. The eyes are blue.

The current description for Gandalfus puia is based on six specimens collected in 2005. This crab is characterised by a flat, elliptical carapace that is wider than it is long. Both males and females have dimorphic chelipeds: the right cheliped is stouter than the left, suggesting that it is used for crushing while the left is used for cutting. Adults have vestigial eyes, with immovable eyestalks and unpigmented corneas.

Antrolana lira is a species of crustacean in family Cirolanidae, the only species in the genus Antrolana. It is an unpigmented troglobite with no eyes, reaching a maximum length of . Antrolana lira is endemic to the Great Appalachian Valley in Virginia and West Virginia, where it "swims freely through calcite-saturated waters of deep karst aquifers". Its range extends over , from Lexington, Virginia to Charles Town, West Virginia.

Supplementary epistasis occurs when two loci affect the same phenotype. For example, if pigment color is produced by CC or Cc but not cc, and by DD or Dd but not dd, then pigment is not produced in any genotypic combination with either cc or dd. That is, both loci must have at least one dominant allele to produce the phenotype. This produces a characteristic 9:7 ratio of pigmented to unpigmented plants.

In the past, some breeders and horse owners had concerns that horses with light-colored skin and eyes were not healthy. However, the lightening of these parts of the horse due to the champagne gene is not known to be linked to any health or genetic defects. While horses with white markings may sunburn on exposed unpigmented skin, the freckled-pink skin of a champagne horse is said to tan instead.Identifying the Champagne Colored Horse.

The Pinto Horse Association of America (PtHA) registers horses, utility horses, ponies and miniature horses of various pedigrees with certain kinds of pinto coat colors. The word pinto is Spanish for "paint." In general terms, pinto can apply to any horse marked with unpigmented pink-skinned, white- haired areas on its coat. The Pinto Horse Association of America provides the owners and riders of pintos with a show circuit and a breed organization.

Mutant colonies are quickly killed when exposed to human neutrophils, while many of the pigmented colonies survive. In mice, the pigmented strains cause lingering abscesses when inoculated into wounds, whereas wounds infected with the unpigmented strains quickly heal. These tests suggest the Staphylococcus strains use staphyloxanthin as a defence against the normal human immune system. Drugs designed to inhibit the production of staphyloxanthin may weaken the bacterium and renew its susceptibility to antibiotics.

The inner layer is transparent and covers the vitreous body, and is continuous from the neural tissue of the retina. The outer layer is highly pigmented, continuous with the retinal pigment epithelium, and constitutes the cells of the dilator muscle. This double membrane is often considered continuous with the retina and a rudiment of the embryological correspondent to the retina. The inner layer is unpigmented until it reaches the iris, where it takes on pigment.

In E. gameroi, an oblique band crossing from the dorsal profile of the caudal peduncle to the middle-upper rays of the caudal fin. In E. melaphareus, an inconspicuous patch exists on the dorsal lobe of the caudal fin. In E. radiosus, the distal half of both the dorsal and ventral caudal fin lobes is pigmented. E. melaphareus also has pigmented pectoral and pelvic fins, while these fins in the other three species are unpigmented.

One of the gymnotiforms most specialized to living in deep river channels, O. tamandua resembles fishes adapted to caves in several respects. Their elongated, laterally compressed bodies are nearly unpigmented, appearing bright pink due to the blood underneath. The eyes are tiny and virtually non-functional, and are placed asymmetrically on the head. The asymmetry of the eyes is not correlated with size, sex or environment, but may be related to their degenerate state.

The posterior half of the tongue is free. Vocal slits and vocal sac are absent, in contrast to closely related species. There are two large, not connected, non-spinous, mostly unpigmented nuptial pads on each thumb of the arms in male. One nuptial pad is extending along the preaxial surface of the tubercle and invading most of it, while the other extends along the dorsal and the preaxial surface of the thumb.

O. monjerai has only been found in the Teroi River on Gunung Jerai, Kedah State, West Malaysia. It is distinguished from all other members of the subgenus by the combination of: white lip stripe, dorsolateral fold, full web on the fourth toe, vomerine teeth, gular vocal pouch and relatively large tympanum in males, no dorsal marking, no clear light spots on rear of thigh, first finger subequal to second, finely tuberculated dorsum, and unpigmented ova.

Although white horses are sometimes called "albino" there are no reported cases of a true "albino" horse. There are also references in literature calling white horses "albino". Dominant white in horses is caused by the absence of pigment cells (melanocytes), whereas albino animals have a normal distribution of melanocytes. In other animals, patches of unpigmented skin, hair, or eyes due to the lack of pigment cells (melanocytes) are called piebaldism, not albinism nor partial albinism.

These tend to be pink in color due to blood vessels showing through the blubber and unpigmented skin. A report published in 2008 stated that in marine mammals, "anomalously white" individuals have been reported for 21 cetacean species and 7 pinniped species but there were no known reports of anomalously white sea otters (Enhydra lutris) or sirenians. Whales and dolphins also may appear white if extensively scarred, or covered with a fungus, such as Lacazia loboi.

' . web page accessed August 29, 2008 The gray gene does not affect skin or eye color, so grays typically have dark skin and eyes, as opposed to the unpigmented pink skin of white horses. In 2008, researchers at Uppsala University in Sweden identified the genetic mutation that governs the graying process. The study revealed that all gray horses carry an identical mutation that can be traced back to a common ancestor that lived at least two thousand years ago.

The most distinctive feature of T. pugnax is its extremely long lower jaw, the joint of which extends backwards well past the base of the pectoral fin. The body of the fish is relatively slender, naked, and entirely black in color. The tail fin has unpigmented rays and is covered by dark skin for some distance past its base. The sphenotic spines (above the eyes) and symphysial spine (at the tip of the jaw) are present.

C. russula The greater white-toothed shrew is distinguished by a careful examination of its unpigmented teeth. Like other white-toothed shrews, C. russula lacks the deposition of iron in their enamel at the tips of their teeth. This particular species has a greyish or reddish brown upper coat with a yellowish grey coat in the underside. The greater white-toothed shrews are part of the medium- sized shrews and weigh around 11 to 14 grams.

There is a record of a hermaphroditic specimen with an ovary on its right side and a testis on its left. Early in development, the embryos are sexually undifferentiated, unpigmented, and possess filamentous external gills; the external yolk sac in this stage weighs . Recognizable sex organs develop by an embryonic length of , and tissue differentiation is complete by a length of . Body pigmentation appears when the embryo is long; the external gills regress at around the same time.

Lanugo is very thin, soft, usually unpigmented, downy hair that is sometimes found on the body of a fetal or new-born human. It is the first hair to be produced by the fetal hair follicles, and it usually appears around sixteen weeks of gestation and is abundant by week twenty. It is normally shed before birth, around seven or eight months of gestation, but is sometimes present at birth. It disappears on its own within a few weeks.

Mosaicism may be one possible cause for the rare occurrence of brindle coloring in horses. Mosaic- white horses would be visually indistinguishable from dominant whites. Mosaicism could produce white or partially white foals if a stem cell in the developing foal underwent a mutation, or change to the DNA, that resulted in unpigmented skin and hair. The cells that descend from the affected stem cell will exhibit the mutation, while the rest of the cells are unaffected.

On Czapek's agar, A. carneus colonies appear white at the beginning of development, progressing to variable shades of deep red, brownish red or yellow with age. The fungus produces conidiophores (250-400 μm) which are smooth and brown, yellow or colourless. Conidia are smooth, unpigmented and approximately spherical, with a diameter of 2.4-2.8 μm. Conidial heads are columnar in shape (150-200 μm x 25-35 μm) and initially white, appearing pale pink to brown in older cultures.

Her research uncovered the fact that the mother was a pink-eyed albino and the father was also white (eye colour unknown). The kittens were all pink-eyed albinos which means that the father was either a carrier of that gene or, more likely, was also a pink-eyed albino. In all likelihood the parents were closely related. The cats had excellent hearing, but none of them could tolerate bright light due to their unpigmented eyes.

A. gigas females may spawn multiple times during the reproductive season, which lasts from March to October, with activity peaks occurring from July to September. Queen conch embryos hatch 3–5 days after spawning. At the moment of hatching, the protoconch (embryonic shell) is translucent and has a creamy, off-white background color with small, pustulate markings. This coloration is different from other Caribbean Lobatus, such as Lobatus raninus and Lobatus costatus, which have unpigmented embryonic shells.

The females also typically remain close to their egg mass and coil their bodies around the mass. Eggs change from spheroid shape to ovoids when hatching conditions occur. The embryo then thrusts itself against the capsule and rotates within the egg until it escapes from the egg fluid. D. wrighti hatchlings are not larvae and have gills in late embryonic stages. At hatching the ventral side is unpigmented and the characteristic ‘V’ pigmentation is found on the dorsal side.

Conidia are borne in continuous, chain- like structure, but branching at the base has also been observed. Although conidia can be spread by rain, the most common means of spread is through the air. The fungus grows on epidermal leaf wax of plants, particularly those in the Brassicaceae, and prefers an environment with high humidity and temperature range of . Macroscopically, the mycelium exhibits a range of colour: unpigmented when young, to olive-grey, grey-black at maturity.

The tadpoles are brown with tones of yellow. Deposited eggs measure 2.48 to 3.47 millimeters in diameter; they are unpigmented and whitish cream in color. The gelatinous capsule ranges from 7.81 to 8.16 millimeters in diameter. Overall, this species can be distinguished from other members of its genus by a continuous oblique lateral fold as well as a lack of tubercles near it, a light-colored stripe, smoother dorsal surfaces, advertisement calls, and the ventral coloration.

Leopard complex has a different mottling pattern from champagne's freckling pattern Leopard vs. Champagne: The Leopard complex is responsible for the spotted coat of the Appaloosa and other breeds. Even when a spotted hair coat is absent, other traits produced include mottled skin and a white sclera around the eye but generally the eye itself is dark brown. These mottles are alternations between unpigmented pink skin and pigmented skin, which is usually black (thus the mottles are black on a pink background).

The white spotting produced can range from flashy white markings like those made by W20, to patterns similar to Sabino 1, to a fully white or almost fully white horse. White horses are born with unpigmented pink skin and white hair, usually with dark eyes. Under normal conditions, at least one parent must be dominant white to produce dominant white offspring. However, most of the currently-known alleles of dominant white can be linked to a documented spontaneous mutation in a single ancestor.

Lungless salamanders in the family Plethodontidae are terrestrial and lay a small number of unpigmented eggs in a cluster among damp leaf litter. Each egg has a large yolk sac and the larva feeds on this while it develops inside the egg, emerging fully formed as a juvenile salamander. The female salamander often broods the eggs. In the genus Ensatinas, the female has been observed to coil around them and press her throat area against them, effectively massaging them with a mucous secretion.

Stygobromus araeus The globally rare interstitial amphipod, Stygobromus araeus, is closely associated with the groundwater in shell marl or limestone deposits. Identified in 1969 by Dr. John R. Holsinger, the 2002 DoD report on Species at Risk on DoD Installation describes this animal as 'A small, unpigmented, blind amphipod. The species is sexually dimorphic, with males ranging up to 0.70 cm in length, and females to 0.55 cm.' This extremely rare species is only found on the coast of southeastern Virginia.

Folsomia candida has an unpigmented, slender body up to in length. The head bears a pair of four- segmented antennae and a pair of post-antennal organs but no eyespots. The dorsal part of the first thoracic segment is reduced and the posterior three abdominal segments are fused. The ventral side of the fourth abdominal segment bears a furca, used in jumping, and it is the number of bristles on this organ that distinguishes this species from others in the genus.

The western clawed frog is a medium-sized species with a somewhat flattened body and a snout-vent length of , females being larger than males. The eyes are bulging and situated high on the head and there is a short tentacle just below each eye. A row of unpigmented dermal tubercles runs along the flank from just behind the eye, and are thought to represent a lateral line organ. The limbs are short and plump, and the fully webbed feet have horny claws.

Adult female Phyllorhinichthys have a short, somewhat globulose body, entirely dark brown to black in color. In smaller specimens (8.8-18.3 mm), there is a distinct band of melanophores on the caudal peduncle. The mouth is small and oblique, with slender, depressible teeth; the teeth are slightly larger but fewer in the lower jaw. The illicium ("fishing rod") is short; the escal bulb ("lure") is internally pigmented on the upper half and unpigmented on the lower, and bears internally pigmented appendages with silvery tips.

Like other woodlice, T. pusillus eats decaying plant matter of various kinds, although only alder litter is capable of sustaining a stable reproducing population. Predators of T. pusillus include the common shrew Sorex araneus, lycosid and dysderid spiders, centipedes such as Lithobius variegatus and perhaps carabid beetles. Trichoniscus pusillus is susceptible to infection by isopod iridescence virus, or Iridovirus (Iridoviridae). This is first apparent as a blue sheen on the unpigmented underside of the animals, but soon spreads to give the entire exoskeleton a bluish iridescence.

Seeds that grow into yellow-flowered plants are pale and unpigmented, while future bronze- and red-flowered plants are dark greyish and black respectively. It generally takes about five to seven years to flower from seed. The plant favours sandy well-drained soils and a sunny position and can be heavily pruned if necessary, as new growth can arise from the lignotuber. Although it is readily propagated by seed, experiments with in vitro propagation found Banksia menziesii to be more difficult than other species trialled.

Of the species, Clivia miniata is the most widely cultivated; cultivars with flowers ranging from deep red-orange to pale yellow have been bred by growers. Yellow plants can belong to one of two different groups which breed true for colour, producing seedlings with unpigmented stems and all yellow flowers when mature. When yellows from different groups are crossed, seedlings with pigmented stems occur and the resulting flowers are orange. C. miniata, C. gardenii, C. robusta and C. caulescens seedlings flower after four to five years.

A number of movies, books and other works have been criticized for albino bias, as they associate the uncommon features of albinistic people (pale skin, white hair, and unpigmented eyes) with danger, terror, or criminality. Less frequently they are depicted as the harmless butt of jokes and ridicule, as maladjusted and undersocialized, or as "freaks"."Book two of Hollywood's rules of albinism", Skinema: Dermatology in the Cinema, Dr. Vail Reese. They may also actually be portrayed positively, even heroically – a more recent counter-trend.

The surface of the Pollia fruit has an especially smooth and transparent cuticle which reflects light as a mirror does (specular reflection). Beneath this glossy surface lies a special layer of cells which have an elaborate but unpigmented microstructure, whose function is to reflect light within a narrow range of wavelengths. This structural coloration is created by Bragg reflection from spirally stacked cellulose microfibrils in the walls of these cells. The wavelength reflected depends on the height of the stack, which varies from cell to cell.

Phialophora fastigiata are microscopically recognized by the production of light brown, flask-shaped phialides that are produced laterally on hyphae and produce funnel-shaped collarettes. In Petri dish cultures, the fungus tends to develop hyphal strands that are 3-4μm in diameter and show cell-wall thickening with age. Slimy conidia are produced in clumps at the apex of phialides, and are oval shaped (ovoid) to button shaped (ellipsoidal) with a pinched base. The conidia initially exhibit a hyaline (unpigmented) appearance, but turn light brown with age.

The deepwater cisco (Coregonus johannae) was one of the largest ciscoes in the Great Lakes. Its average length was 30 cm (12 inches) and it was about 1.0 kilogram (2.2 pounds) in weight. Occurring only in Lakes Huron and Michigan, and inhabiting waters between 50 and 150 metres deep, it was difficult to distinguish from other ciscoes and was possibly the same species as the shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus). The deepwater cisco was distinguished by usually having fewer than 33 gill rakers, relatively long pectoral fins, and unpigmented jaws.

One of the rarest colors, a white horse has white hair and fully or largely unpigmented (pink) skin. These horses are born white, with blue or brown eyes, and remain white for life. The vast majority of so-called "white" horses are actually grays with a fully white hair coat. A truly white horse that lives to adulthood occurs one of two ways: either by inheriting one copy of a dominant white ("W") gene, of which several have been identified, or is a particular type of sabino that is homozygous for the "SB-1" gene.

Most eggs contain the pigment melanin which raises their temperature through the absorption of light and also protects them against ultraviolet radiation. Caecilians, some plethodontid salamanders and certain frogs lay eggs underground that are unpigmented. In the wood frog (Rana sylvatica), the interior of the globular egg cluster has been found to be up to warmer than its surroundings, which is an advantage in its cool northern habitat. The eggs may be deposited singly or in small groups, or may take the form of spherical egg masses, rafts or long strings.

Lichens, Joshua Tree National Park, National Park Service The sexual reproduction structures (apothecia) are black, thinly rimmed (70-100 µm ) with unpigmented fungal tissue surrounding black discs in the middle, and up to 2.2 mm in diameter. They rise out of the rock in a flat to convex disc with a constricted base, giving the appearance of tiny raised plates. It grows in open areas on granite, schist, and other acidic rock. It resembles Lecidea laboriosa but produces schizopeltic acid as a metabolite, instead of 4-O-demethyl planaic acid.

Pigment genes are expressed in melanocytes that migrate to the skin surface later in development. In bi-colored tortoiseshell cats, the melanocytes arrive relatively early, and the two cell types become intermingled, producing the characteristic brindled appearance consisting of an intimate mixture of orange and black cells, with occasional small diffuse spots of orange and black. In tri-colored calico cats, a separate gene interacts developmentally with the coat color gene. This spotting gene produces white, unpigmented patches by delaying the migration of the melanocytes to the skin surface.

In terms of number of species, dinoflagellates are one of the largest groups of marine eukaryotes, although this group is substantially smaller than diatoms. Some species are endosymbionts of marine animals and play an important part in the biology of coral reefs. Other dinoflagellates are unpigmented predators on other protozoa, and a few forms are parasitic (for example, Oodinium and Pfiesteria). Some dinoflagellates produce resting stages, called dinoflagellate cysts or dinocysts, as part of their lifecycles, and is known from 84 of the 350 described freshwater species, and from a little more than 10% of the known marine species.

This trait is not seen in true roans, and suggests that, like the white hairs associated with other white markings and patterns, the white hairs of a rabicano may be rooted in unpigmented skin cells. However, the genetic and developmental controls of such roaning are poorly understood, and has not yet been formally studied. While rabicano itself does not produce white markings on the face and legs, it can be confused with some of the numerous sabino patterns, one of which has been mapped to the KIT gene. Other color patterns mapped to KIT include tobiano and true roan.

The dimorphic form of the species mainly exists and grows vegetatively as either a filamentous hyphae (mould form) or as spherical yeast (yeast form). However, the organism is best known from the mould form which is characterised by the production of asexual reproductive state consisting of tall (up to 2 cm) needle-like sporangiophores with an apical swelling enclosed by a large sporangium filled with ellipsoidal, single-celled, smooth-walled, unpigmented sporangiospores. In the laboratory, the fungus forms dark grey or light grey colonies on most common laboratory media. If subjected to anaerobic conditions, the fungus may convert to the yeast-like form.

Like other members of its family, it has a long anal fin, a minute caudal fin, no pelvic or dorsal fins, and an electroreceptive dorsal appendage that originates about halfway along the back. There are 155-168 anal fin rays, 14-15 pectoral fin rays, and 16-17 caudal fin rays. The scales are large and diamond-shaped, with 6-8 rows above the lateral line but not reaching the upper surface of the head and body. Virtually unpigmented aside from tiny chromatophores speckling the bottom of the head and branchiostegal membranes, P. amazonensis is uniformly white-pink with translucent fins.

According to Kottelat & Lim 1992, L. hasselti is distinguished from other described species of Lepidocephalichthys in Southeast Asia in usually having an ocellated black spot centered at base of branched caudal rays 3-4; or it replaced by black or darker area. Its size is up to 45 mm SL; body with a median longitudinal stripe or a row of adjacent black spots, with an unpigmented stripe above it, back marmorated, finely spotted or blotched. Caudal fin with series (usually 3-6) of vertical bars; dorsal origin above posterior extremity of pelvic base.. 1992. "A synopsis of the Malayan species of Lepidocephalichthys, with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae)".

Dominance typically occurs when one of the two alleles is non-functional at the molecular level, that is, it is not transcribed or else does not produce a functional protein product. This can be the result of a mutation that alters the DNA sequence of the allele. An organism homozygous for the non-functional allele will generally show a distinctive phenotype, due to the absence of the protein product. For example, in humans and other organisms, the unpigmented skin of the albino phenotype results when an individual is homozygous for an allele that encodes a non-functional version of an enzyme needed to produce the skin pigment melanin.

The darker feathers of birds owe their color to melanin and are less readily degraded by bacteria than unpigmented ones or those containing carotenoid pigments. Feathers that contain melanin are also 39% more resistant to abrasion than those that do not because melanin granules help fill the space between the keratin strands that form feathers. Pheomelanin synthesis in birds implies the consumption of cysteine, a semi‐essential amino acid that is necessary for the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) but that may be toxic if in excess in the diet. Indeed, carnivorous birds, which have a high protein content in their diet, exhibit pheomelanin‐based coloration.

As a result, the nose colour of most yellow Labradors becomes a somewhat pink shade as they grow older. A colouration known as "Dudley" is also possible. Dudleys are variously defined as yellow Labradors which have unpigmented (pink) noses (LRC), yellow with liver/chocolate pigmentation (AKC), or "flesh coloured" in addition to having the same colour around the rims of the eye, rather than having black or dark brown pigmentation. A yellow Labrador with brown or chocolate pigmentation, for example, a brown or chocolate nose, is not necessarily a Dudley, though according to the AKC's current standard it would be if it has chocolate rims around the eyes (or more accurately of the genotype eebb).

The pale- to dark- green female, with a 15 cm-long, round or sausage-shaped body, lives on the sea-floor at a depth of 10 to 100 metres, concealed by burrowing in gravel or hiding in rock crevasses or burrows abandoned by other animals. It has two anchoring hooks underneath its body and an extensible feeding proboscis up to 10 times its body-length. It is mainly a detritivore, feeding also on small animals. The male is rarely observed: it has a flat, unpigmented body which grows to only 1–3 mm, taken up mostly by reproductive organs and devoid of other structures; it lives on or inside the body of a female.

The Zacapu shiner is differentiated from the other members of the N. calientis species complex by having 6, rarely 7, branched rays in the anal fin and 8 pelvic fin rays and by normally having 42 lateral line scales. It has a yellowish to light brown body with a dark lateral stripe which widens to form a slightly convex part from near the pectoral fin origin to the dorsal fin origin, becoming narrower and darker towards the rear. There is a dark marking on the caudal peduncle and at the origin of the caudal fin. There are fine markings around the base of the dorsal fin and the head is pigmented, the fins are unpigmented.

In the case of horses that are born tobiano but turn gray, the skin will retain pigmented and unpigmented skin beneath its hair that may produce "ghost" markings. A homozygous tobiano that also carries a dilution gene, such as a pinto with a base color of palomino or buckskin, may not reliably produce spotted offspring if bred to another horse with a dilution gene, as a double- dilution may "wash out" the base color. The tobiano gene itself is not linked to lethal white syndrome. However, some tobiano horses may be carriers of the gene if they have overo ancestors, and thus have produced affected offspring when bred to another horse that is also a carrier.

The syndrome often begins with a circumscribed patch of scleroderma in the frontal region of the scalp which is associated with a loss of hair and the appearance of a depressed linear scar extending down through the midface on the affected side. This scar is referred to as a "coup de sabre" lesion because it resembles the scar of a wound made by a sabre, and is indistinguishable from the scar observed in frontal linear scleroderma. In 20% of cases, the hair and skin overlying affected areas may become hyperpigmented or hypopigmented with patches of unpigmented skin. In up to 20% of cases the disease may involve the ipsilateral (on the same side) or contralateral (on the opposite side) neck, trunk, arm, or leg.

Rambutan fruit contains diverse nutrients but in modest amounts, with only manganese having moderate content at 16 percent of the Daily Value per 100 g consumed (right table; note data are for canned fruit in syrup, not as raw which may have different nutrient contents). As an unpigmented fruit flesh, rambutan does not contain significant polyphenol content, but its colorful rind displays diverse phenolic acids, such as syringic, coumaric, gallic, caffeic, and ellagic acids having antioxidant activity in vitro. Rambutan seeds contain equal proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, where arachidic (34%) and oleic (42%) acids, respectively, are highest in fat content. The pleasant fragrance of rambutan fruit derives from numerous volatile organic compounds, including beta-damascenone, vanillin, phenylacetic acid, and cinnamic acid.

Transitioning barefoot hoof, from below. Details: (1) periople, (2) bulb, (3) frog, (4) central sulcus, (5) collateral groove, (6) heel, (7) bar, (8) seat of corn, (9) pigmented wall (external layer), (10) water line (inner unpigmented layer), (11) white line, (12) apex of frog, (13) sole, (14) toe, (15) how to measure width (fulcrum), (16) quarter, (17) how to measure length Vascular architecture of a horse hoof The hoof is made up by an outer part, the hoof capsule (composed of various cornified specialized structures) and an inner, living part, containing soft tissues and bone. The cornified material of the hoof capsule is different in structure and properties in different parts. Dorsally, it covers, protects and supports P3 (also known as the coffin bone, pedal bone, PIII).

Cook et al. 2008. "To be characterized as possessing the champagne phenotype, horses exhibited a diminished intensity of color (dilution) in black or brown hair pigment and met at least two of the three following criteria: 1) mottled skin around eyes, muzzle and/or genitalia, 2) amber, green, or light brown eyes, or 3) blue eyes and pink skin at birth" In the newborn or very young foal, the eyes are bright blue to blue-green and the skin is bright pink.Cook et al. 2008. "champagne foals are born with blue eyes, which change color to amber, green, or light brown and pink "pumpkin skin" which acquires a darker mottled complexion around the eyes, muzzle, and genitalia as the animal matures. Foals with one copy of CR also have pink skin at birth but their skin is slightly darker and becomes black/near black with age." The champagne blue foal eye is creamier than other types of blue eye such as the bright, unpigmented blue seen on some pinto horses.