Together we transformed into Talmudist scholars arguing over the significance of this midrash, re-enacting centuries of imaginative discursive debate.
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Nathan (Nata) ben Moses Hannover () was a Ruthenian Jewish historian, Talmudist, and kabbalist.
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Abba Mordechai Berman (1919–2005) was a Talmudist and rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Iyun HaTalmud.
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Rabbi Shmaryahu Yitzchak Bloch (1864 - December 1923) was a rabbi and Talmudist in Tsarist Russia and England.
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Jewish Quarter of Barcelona, where Crescas was born. The Sinagoga Major is on the left. Hasdai Crescas came from a family of scholars. He was the grandson of the Talmudist Hasdai ben Judah Crescas, and a disciple of the Talmudist and philosopher Nissim ben Reuben, known as the RaN.
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Shimon Akiva Baer ben Yosef of Vienna (; died 1714) was a 17th-century Viennese Talmudist and kabbalistic writer.
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Isaiah di Trani ben Mali (the Elder) (c. 1180 - c. 1250) (), better known as the RID, was a prominent Italian Talmudist.
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Menahem Azariah da Fano (also called Immanuel da Fano, and Rema MiPano) (1548 – 1620) was an Italian rabbi, Talmudist, and Kabbalist.
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Zechariah ben Judah Aghmati (), also spelled Agamati, was a Rabbi and Talmudist who lived from 1120 CE - 1195 CE in Morocco.
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Isaac ben Baruch Albalia (, Yiṣḥaq ben Barukh Albalia) (1035, Cordova – 1094, Granada) was an Andalusian Jewish mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, and Talmudist.
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Israel ben Moses ha-Levi Zamosz (c. 1700, Buberki – April 20, 1772, Brody) was an eighteenth-century Talmudist, mathematician and poet.
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Abraham David ben Asher Anshel Wahrman of Buchach (1770 at Nadvirna – 1840 at Buchach) (Hebrew: אברהם דוד מבוטשאטש), was a Galician Talmudist.
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Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon (1283 – c. 1330) (Hebrew: שם טוב בן אברהם אבן גאון) was a Spanish Talmudist and kabbalist.
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Pedat ben Eleazar () was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in the Land of Israel in the early 4th century (4th generation of amoraim).
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Rabbi Pinchas HaLevi Horowitz (born in Chortkiv about 1731; died in Frankfort- on-the-Main July 1, 1805) was a rabbi and Talmudist.
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Rabbah bar bar Hana (רבה בר בר חנה) was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Babylonia, known as an Amora of the second generation.
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The son of a well-known rabbi and Talmudist, Kirzner was born in London and reached the United States by way of South Africa.
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Abraham ben Saul Broda (Hebrew: אברהם בן שאול ברודא; c. 1640 in Prague - 11 April 1717 in Frankfort/Main) was a Bohemian Talmudist (Talmudforscher).
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Isaiah Berlin also known as Yeshaye Pick (c. October 1725 in Eisenstadt, Kingdom of Hungary - May 13, 1799 in Breslau), was a German Talmudist.
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Samuel Adler (December 3, 1809 in Worms, Germany - June 9, 1891 in New York City) was a leading German-American Reform rabbi, Talmudist, and author.
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Bevai bar Abaye () was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Babylonia, known as an amora of the fourth and fifth amoraic generations (fourth century CE).
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Raphael Ben Mordechai Ankawa, also spelled Ankavah or Encouau, (1848–1935) was the Chief Rabbi of Morocco and a noted commentator, talmudist, posek, and author.
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Naftoli Trop (1871 – September 24, 1928) was a renowned Talmudist and Talmid Chacham. He served as rosh yeshiva of Yeshiva Chofetz Chaim in Radun, Poland.
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Portrait of Mordecai Benet, from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia Mordecai ben Abraham Benet (, also Marcus Benedict; 1753–1829) was a Talmudist and chief rabbi of Moravia.
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Yaakov Kamenetsky (February 28, 1891 – March 10, 1986), was a prominent rabbi, rosh yeshiva, posek and Talmudist in the post-World War II American Jewish community.
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Grave of Eliezer Ashkenazi in Remah Cemetery in Kraków Eliezer (Lazer) ben Elijah Ashkenazi (1512–December 13, 1585) () was a Talmudist, rabbi, physician, and many-sided scholar.
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Hillel ben Samuel (c. 1220 - Forlì, c. 1295) was an Italian physician, philosopher, and Talmudist. He was the grandson of the Talmudic scholar Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona.
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Samuel Uziel was a Talmudist and scholar of the 17th century, rabbi of Livorno. He is mentioned in a responsum in the collection Mayim Rabbim of Raphael Meldola.
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Jacob Berab (), also spelled Berav or Bei-Rav, (1474 – April 3, 1546), was an influential rabbi and talmudist best known for his attempt to reintroduce classical semikhah (ordination).
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Rabbi Moses Samuel Zuckermandl, also Zuckermandel (24 April 1836, Uherský Brod, Moravia 27 January 1917, Breslau (now Wrocław), Silesia) was a Czech- German rabbi, Talmudist, and Jewish theologian.
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Shmuel Salant (; January 2, 1816 - August 16, 1909) served as the Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem for almost 70 years. He was a renowned Talmudist and Torah scholar.
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Talmudist; lived at Viadano in the sixteenth century. A halakhic decision of his is quoted in a manuscript collection of 260 responsa of the Italian rabbis (No. 235).
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Rabbah bar Nachmani () (died c. 320 CE) was a Jewish Talmudist known throughout the Talmud simply as Rabbah. He was a third-generation amora who lived in Babylonia.
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Samuel ben Nathan Ha-Levi Loew (Kelin or Kolin) (also "Lōw" or "Löw", ; c. 1720–1806) was a Talmudist and Halakhist, best known for his work Machazit HaShekel.
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Tobiah ben Eliezer () was a Talmudist and poet of the 11th century, author of Lekach Tov or Pesikta Zutarta, a midrashic commentary on the Pentateuch and the Five Megillot.
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Moses ben Joseph ben Merwan ha-Levi (Also known as Moses Halavi) flourished about the mid-12th or 13th century and was a prominent Provençal rabbi, Philosopher, and Talmudist.
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Aryeh Leib HaCohen Heller ( 1745 – 1812) () was a Rabbi, Talmudist, and Halachist in Galicia. He was known as "the Ketzos" based on his magnum opus, Ketzot Hachoshen, קצות החושן.
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Bezalel ben Joel Ronsburg (; 1760 – 25 September 1820) was a Bohemian Talmudist and rabbi, dayan and head of the yeshiva in Prague. Zecharias Frankel was one of his pupils.
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Molcho became a master Talmudist and biblical exegesist, and then studied the Kabbalah with Joseph Taitazak. He himself inspired Joseph Caro and Shlomo Alkabetz.Lechu Neranena Le'et Hageula, pp. 5, 37.
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Rabbi Yaakov Culi (a.k.a. Kuli or Chuli; Hebrew: יעקב כולי) was a Talmudist and Biblical commentator of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries who died in Constantinople on August 9, 1732.
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Joel Müller (1827 – November 6, 1895) was a German rabbi and Talmudist, born in Ungarisch-Ostra, Moravia, and dying in Berlin. Jewish Encyclopedia Bibliography: Allg. Zeit. des Jud. 1895, pp.
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Upon his graduation from Harvard, he began studies toward a doctorate in Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, under the guidance of the scholar of medieval philosophy, Harry Austryn Wolfson. The subject of his doctorate was the twelfth century Provençal Talmudist, Abraham ben David of Posquières (Rabad). Published under the title Rabad of Posquières: A Twelfth-Century Talmudist, it was one of the first academic portraits of a Talmudist written at an American university . Twersky succeeded his father Meshullam Zalman Twersky as the Talner Rebbe of Boston for the last twenty years of his life, serving as the spiritual leader of Congregation Beth David, known colloquially as the Talner Beis Medrash ("the Talner study hall"), which was located in a renovated house in the Brighton neighborhood of Boston.
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Simhah ben Samuel of Vitry (; died 1105) was a French Talmudist of the 11th and 12th centuries, pupil of Rashi, and the compiler of Machzor Vitry. He lived in Vitry-le-François.
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His older brother was the Talmudist Saul Berlin. He died on 31 October 1842 (27th of Cheshvan 5603), and was buried in the Brady Street Cemetery near Whitechapel in London's East End.
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Some of those valuables, probably belonging to merchant Kalman of Wiehe, were found in 1998, and are now referred to as the Erfurt Treasure. Among those murdered was prominent Talmudist Alexander Suslin.
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Samson ben Isaac of Chinon (c. 1260 - c. 1330) (Hebrew: שמשון מקינון) was a French Talmudist who lived at Chinon. In Talmudic literature he is generally called after his native place, Chinon (Hebr.
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Joseph Colon ben Solomon Trabotto, also known as Maharik, (c. 1420 in Chambéry - Pavia in 1480) was a 15th-century rabbi who is considered Italy's foremost Judaic scholar and Talmudist of his era.
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Jakob Barit, also known as Rabbi Yaakov Brit or Yankele Kovner (12 September 1797 – 6 March 1883) was a Russian Talmudist and communal worker. He died in Vilna at the age of 85.
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Ulla or 'Ulla was a Jewish Talmudist and one of the leading Halakhic amoraim in the Land of Israel during the late 3rd and early 4th centuries CE (the second and third amoraic generations).
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His grandson was Jonah Frankel, the German Jewish businessman, banker and philanthropist. As a Talmudist, Frankel was almost the first to devote himself to a study of the Jerusalem Talmud, which had been largely neglected.
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Rabbi Zeira (), known before his semicha as Rav Zeira () and known in the Jerusalem Talmud as Rabbi Ze'era (), was a Jewish Talmudist, of the third generation of amoraim, who lived in the Land of Israel.
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Rav Tzvi (Zvi Paltiel) Berkowitz is an Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist, and Maggid Shiur (lecturer) at Yeshivas Ner Yisroel (Ner Israel Rabbinical College), Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States, and teaches the highest-level Talmud shiur.
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Solomon ben Joshua Adeni (Hebrew: שלמה בן יהושע) or Shelomo bar Joshua Adeni (1567–1625Encyclopedia Judaica: "Solomon Adeni (1567-1625)") was a Yemenite Jewish author and Talmudist, who lived during the second half of the 16th century at Sana'a and Aden in southern Arabia, from which town he received the name "Adeni" or "the Adenite." In 1571, Solomon Adeni immigrated with his family to Ottoman Palestine.Introduction to the Mishnah Commentary, Melekhet Shlomo. He was a pupil of the Talmudist Bezalel Ashkenazi and of the kabbalist Hayyim Vital.
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Venetian Talmudist of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He edited Menahem Azariah di Fano's Yemin Adonai Romemah (Venice, n.d.); and a responsum of his is inserted in Di Fano's collection of Responsa (Venice, n.d., p. 83).
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Elisha ben Gabriel Gallico (died c. 1583 at Safed) was a talmudist in Ottoman Galilee. He was a pupil of Joseph Caro. After the death of his mentor, Gallico was nominated dean of the Safed yeshiva.
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Baruch ben Samuel (died April 25, 1221), also called Baruch of Mainz to distinguish him from Baruch ben Isaac, was a Talmudist and prolific payyeṭan, who flourished in Mainz at the beginning of the thirteenth century.
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Judah ben Yakar (d. between 1201 and 1218), talmudist and kabbalist, teacher of Naḥmanides. Judah was born in Provence, but in his youth he moved to northern France where he studied under Isaac b. Abraham, the tosafist.
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Aaron ben Isaac Sason was an Ottoman author and Talmudist; born in Constantinople in 1629. He was a grandson of Aaron ben Joseph Sason, an eminent Talmudist, and cousin of Ḥayyim Benveniste, the famous scholar. Aaron Cupino, rabbi of Constantinople, was his teacher in Talmudic lore, and was so successful that at the age of twenty his pupil engaged in Talmudic controversies with Moses Benveniste, who thought them worthy of publication. The great Palestinian Pilpulist, Judah Rozanes, referred with respect to an unpublished work, "Hen Yeshallaḥ," by R. Aaron.
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Gorin was born Ignatz Greenberg on October 26, 1904, in the small village of Grodek (today Horodok, Lviv Oblast) in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father, Sholom Greenberg, was a rabbi and a Talmudist who taught religion in Grodek and in the neighboring provinces. Igor was not close to his father; it was his beloved mother, Yente Moritz Greenberg, who passed on her love of music to her son. Igor's father enrolled him in the Talmudist school where Igor displayed an amazing aptitude for the orthodox Jewish liturgy, which he committed to memory.
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His father was Rabbi Chayim Chaikl Eliashoff. Rabbi Elyashev, a brilliant talmudist, studied in the yeshivot of Minsk and Telz. In addition to his own works on Kabbalah (Leshem), he was instrumental in printing works of earlier kabbalists.
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179–181; David Tebele, Bet Dawid, Preface, Warsaw, 1854; Maginne Erez, Preface, Shklov, 1803; Zedner, Cat. Hebr. Books Brit. Mus. pp. 179, 555.SLibrary of Congress Authorities: Volozhiner, Ḥayyim ben Isaac, 1749–1821 was a rabbi, Talmudist, and ethicist.
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Rabbi Abbahu () was a Jew and Talmudist of the Talmudic Academies in Syria Palaestina from about 279-320 and is counted a member of the third generation of Amoraim. He is sometimes cited as Rabbi Abbahu of Kisrin (Caesarea).
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Kahana b. Taḥlifa, is a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Babylonia, known as an amora of the third century CE. He is mentioned only twice in the Babylonian Talmud; viz., in Men. 66b, where he refutes R. Kahana, and in 'Er.
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Gedaliah (Eanes/Ben Yohanan) ibn Yahya ben Joseph (or ibn Yichya or ibn Yachya) (c. 1515 – c. 1587) () was a talmudist born at Imola, Italy. He studied in the yeshivah at Ferrara under Jacob Finzi and Abraham Rovigo and Israel Rovigo.
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Jacob ben Samuel Taitazak () was a Talmudist of the 16th century, and an author of a responsum inserted in Samuel de Medina's collection entitled She'elot u-Teshubot MaHRaSHDaM (vol. iii., § 203, Salonica, 1598). He was a member of the Taitazak family.
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Shmuel Eidels (1555 – 1631) ( Shmuel Eliezer HaLevi Eidels), was a renowned rabbi and Talmudist famous for his commentary on the Talmud, Chiddushei Halachot. Eidels is also known as Maharsha (,MaHarSha, accent on "SHA" a Hebrew acronym for "Our Teacher, the Rabbi Shmuel Eidels").
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Aaron Worms was a chief rabbi of Metz and a Talmudist; the son of Abraham Aberle, he was born July 7, 1754, in Geislautern, a small village near Völklingen (not at Kaiserslautern, as some writers assert); died at Metz, May 2, 1836.
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Meir Eisenstaedter (Meir ben Judah Leib Eisenstädter, 1780-1852) was a nineteenth-century rabbi, Talmudist, and paytan (liturgic poet). He is best known as the author of Imre Esh (Words of Fire), the collection of his responsa published by his son in 1864.
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Judah ben Barzillai (Albargeloni)In Arabic, this means "from Barcelona". In Hebrew, the name is rendered "ha-Bartseloni". was a Catalan Talmudist of the end of the 11th and the beginning of the 12th century. Almost nothing is known of his life.
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David Cohen (1887–1972) (also known as "Rav Ha-Nazir," the Nazirite Rabbi) was a rabbi, talmudist, philosopher, kabbalist, and a disciple of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook. A noted Jewish ascetic, he took a Nazirite vow at the outbreak of World War I.
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Rabbi Louis Ginzberg (, Levy Gintzburg, November 28, 1873 – November 11, 1953) was a Talmudist and leading figure in the Conservative Movement of Judaism of the twentieth century. He was born in Kaunas, Vilna Governorate (then called Kovno) and he died in New York City.
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Abba bar Abba (Aramic: אבא בר אבא, or Father of Samuel, Aramic: אבוה דשמואל; Cited in the Jerusalem Talmud as Abba bar Ba, Aramic: אבא בר בא) was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Babylonia in the 2nd-3rd centuries (first generation of amoraim).
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Rabbi Natanael Weil as rabbi of Karlsruhe, mid-18th century Title page of the Talmud commentary , Karlsruhe 1755 Gravestone to rabbi Nataniel Weil, in 2013 Nathaniel Weil (1687 – 7 May 1769) was a rabbi and talmudist born at Stühlingen, son of Naphtali Zvi Hirsch Weil.
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Google maps Location. Hoffmann was succeeded by Rabbi Avrohom Eliyahu Kaplan, a graduate of the Slabodka yeshiva and a brilliant talmudist. Kaplan died young however after only four years as rector. He was succeeded by Rabbi Jechiel Jakob Weinberg, the last rector of the Seminary.
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The yeshiva was established by Rabbi Ernest Weill, chief rabbi of Colmar, in Neudorf, Strasbourg in 1933.Gold, Nechama. "European Kehillos: Aix-les-Bains". Jewish Tribune Good Shabbos Supplement, 11 July 2018 It was directed initially by Rabbi Simcha Wasserman, son of the eminent Talmudist, Rabbi Elchonon Wasserman.
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Hachuel was born in 1817 in Morocco, to Chaim and Simcha Hachuel, and had one older brother. Her father was a merchant and Talmudist. He conducted a study group in his home, which helped Sol form and maintain her own belief in Judaism. Sol's mother was a housewife.
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Responsa of Meir Lublin Meir Lublin or Meir ben Gedalia (1558 – 1616) was a Polish rabbi, Talmudist and Posek ("decisor of Jewish law"). He is well known for his commentary on the Talmud, Meir Einai Chachamim. He is also referred to as Maharam (Hebrew acronym: "Our Teacher, Rabbi Meir").
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Samuel Taitazak () was a Talmudist who lived at Salonica in the 16th century. He was a member of the Taitazak family. He was the author of She'elot u-Teshubot, responsa, some of which have been included in Judah Taitazak's She'erit Yehudah and in Samuel de Medina's collection of responsa.
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Ohr ha-Chaim Synagogue, Jerusalem Chaim ibn Attar or Ḥayyim ben Moshe ibn Attar (, ; b. - 7 July 1743) also known as the Or ha-Ḥayyim after his popular commentary on the Pentateuch, was a Talmudist and Kabbalist. He is arguably considered to be one of the most prominent Rabbis of Morocco.
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Rabbi Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi (Hebrew: רבי יצחק בן אליעזר הלוי; d. 1070) also known as Rabbi Isaac Segan Lewiyah (Hebrew: רבי יצחק סגן לויה) was an 11th- century French Talmudist, liturgical poet and Tosafist who flourished in Germany. Born in Lorraine, France"Sefer Ha-Pardes," p. 35a; "Sefer Asufot," p.
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Poupko is a prominent rabbinic family hailing from Russia. Led by Rabbi Eliezer, Av Beth Din of Velizh, and Pesha, noted female talmudist. All of their children went on to play an important role within world jewry. Genealogists speculate that Poupko derives from the Yiddish word meaning «doll» or «figurehead».
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Mattityahu Strashun (, also spelled Strassen; October 1, 1817 – December 13, 1885) was a Russian Talmudist, Midrashic scholar, book collector, communal leader, and philanthropist. He amassed a significant private collection of books and rare manuscripts which formed the basis for the Strashun Library of Vilnius, which operated from 1892 to 1941.
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Rabbi David ben Levi of Narbonne was a Talmudist of the late 13th century, best known as author of Sefer haMichtam. Little is known of his life. He served as a judge in Narbonne alongside R' Mordechai Kimchi. His teacher (according to his work) was R' Shmuel ben Shlomo Sekili.
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Menachem ben Solomon Meiri or Hameiri (1249Israel Ta Shma, Hasifrut Haparshani LaTalmud, pp. 158-9 in volume 2, revised edition–1315Jacob Katz, Exclusiveness and Tolerance, p. 114, footnote 3, saying that the date is contested, but that Zobel supports a date of 1315) was a famous Catalan rabbi, Talmudist and Maimonidean.
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The "landau," a luxury open carriage with a pair of folding tops, was invented in the town during the War of the Spanish Succession. A frequent Ashkenazi surname originates in this town. Probably its most famous bearer was Yechezkel Landau, an 18th-century talmudist and halakhist and the chief rabbi of Prague.
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Rav Jonathan (Yonoson יונתן) Eybeschütz (also Eibeschutz or Eibeschitz; 1690 in Kraków1764 in Altona), was a Talmudist, Halachist, Kabbalist, holding positions as Dayan of Prague, and later as Rabbi of the "Three Communities": Altona, Hamburg and Wandsbek. With Rav Jacob Emden, he is well known as a protagonist in the Emden–Eybeschütz Controversy.
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Solomon Quetsch was an Austrian rabbi and Talmudist. He was born at Nikolsburg, Moravia on 13 October 1798 and died there on 30 January 1856. He was educated at the yeshiva of his native city under Mordechai Benet, and was his premier disciple. He officiated as rabbi successively at Piesling, Leipnik, and Nikolsburg.
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Occasionally, the "ben Avraham" is removed, leaving his name as Shlomo ibn Aderet. (1235 – 1310) was a medieval rabbi, halakhist, and Talmudist. He is widely known as the Rashba (Hebrew: ), the Hebrew acronym of his title and name: Rabbi Shlomo ben Avraham. The Rashba was born in Barcelona, Crown of Aragon, in 1235.
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Solomon ben Abraham ben Samuel, also known as Solomon of Montpellier and Shlomo Min Hahar, was a Provençal rabbi and Talmudist of the first half of the 13th century. He was rabbi at Montpellier, and leader of the movement against Maimonides. Meiri quotes him and his associates using the title Hachmei HaHar.
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Ship burial of a Rus chieftain as described by the Arab traveler Ahmad ibn Fadlan who visited Kievan Rus in the 10th century, painted by Henryk Siemiradzki (1883) Ahmad ibn Fadlan did not actually visit the talmudist Odiners in Sweden, but only referenced in his book, what the Rus' Fenno-Ugrics told him about the talmudist Odiners. The Rus' initially appeared in Serkland in the 9th century, traveling as merchants along the Volga trade route, selling furs, honey, and slaves, as well as luxury goods such as amber, Frankish swords, and walrus ivory. These goods were mostly exchanged for Arabic silver coins, called dirhams. Hoards of 9th-century Baghdad-minted silver coins have been found in Sweden, particularly in Gotland.
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Abraham ben Elijah of Vilna was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Lithuania. There is some debate as to when he was born. Some place his birth as early as 1749, but more recent scholarship suggests he was actually born in 1766. He was born in Vilna and died there on December 14, 1808.
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Jacob Lagarto was a South American rabbi and Talmudist of the 17th century; probably a son of Simon Lagarto of Amsterdam. He went to Brazil as a young man, and about 1680 was the Chacham of the Jews at Tamarica, Brazil. He was the author of a work entitled Ohel Yaakov or Tienda de Jacob.
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He encouraged and generously assisted his fellow rabbis; and his reputation as a Talmudist and Kabbalist survived him. Lumbroso was the author of "Zera' Yiẓḥaḳ," published posthumously at Tunis in 1768. This work is a commentary on the different sections of the Talmud. Several funeral orations, pronounced by Lumbroso on diverse occasions, are appended thereto.
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Ezekiel Judah, (Hebrew: יחזקאל יהודה) or Yehezkel Yehuda or Yahuda or Ezekiel Judah Jacob Sliman (1800 – 22 April 1860) was a Jewish communal leader, indigo, muslin and silk trader, philanthropist and talmudist of Baghdad, who migrated to India, leading the Baghdadi Jewish community of Kolkata in his lifetime and establishing the city’s first synagogues.
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Malachi ben Jacob ha-Kohen (also known as the Yad Malachi) (1695/1700? – 1772) was a renowned Talmudist, methodologist, and one of the greatest Kabbalists of the 18th century.Publisher's introduction to 'Yad Malachi', New York, 2001 p. 2 He was a student of the famous kabbalist Rabbi Joseph Ergas, author of the original kabbalistic text known as Shomer Emunim.
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Rabbi Isaac ben Melchizedek was the son of an astute Italian Jewish Talmudist. Rabbi Isaac eventually moved away from his home town and settled in Salerno. He is known to have fathered at least two sons: Judah and Shiloh. It was in Salerno that Isaac's son, Judah, met with the renowned Jewish traveler, Benjamin of Tudela.
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Moses Isserles (1520–1572), an eminent Talmudist of the 16th century, established his yeshiva in Kraków. In addition to being a renowned Talmudic and legal scholar, Isserles was also learned in Kabbalah, and studied history, astronomy, and philosophy. The Remuh Synagogue was built for him in 1557. Rema (רמ״א) is the Hebrew acronym for his name.
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Isaiah ben Elijah di Trani (the Younger) (Hebrew: ישעיה בן אליהו דטראני) was an Italian Talmudist and commentator who lived in the 13th century and 14th century. He was the grandson, on his mother's side, of Isaiah (ben Mali) di Trani the Elder. He is usually quoted as ריא"ז (= "R. Isaiah Aḥaron, ז"ל"), or (ריב"א = "R.
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Joseph Trani (1538–1639) or Joseph di Trani was a Talmudist of the latter part of the 16th century who lived in Greece. By contemporary scholars he was called Mahrimat (), and regarded as one of the foremost Talmudists of his time. Today he is more widely known as Maharit (Hebrew: ). He is the son of the Mabit.
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Judah ben Solomon Taitazak () was a Talmudist who lived at Salonica in the 15th and 16th centuries. He was the brother of Joseph ben Solomon and a member of the Taitazak family. He was the author of She'erit Yehudah (Salonica, 1599–1600), commentating and supplementing Joseph Caro's Bet Yosef, on the second volume of the Ṭurim.
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Rabbi Joseph ben Jacob ibn Tzaddik (died 1149) was a Spanish rabbi, poet, and philosopher. A Talmudist of high repute, he was appointed in 1138 dayyan at Cordova, which office he held conjointly with Maimon, father of Maimonides, until his death. Joseph was also a highly gifted poet, as is attested by Alharizi.Saul Isaac Kämpf, Nichtandalusische Poesie, i. 13.
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Rabbi Jacob Emden was a student of his father Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch ben Yaakov Ashkenazi a rabbi in Amsterdam. Emden, a steadfast Talmudist, was a prominent opponent of the Sabbateans (Messianic Kabbalists who followed Sabbatai Tzvi). Although anti-Maimonidean, Emden should be noted for his critical examination of the Zohar concluding that large parts of it were forged.
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Rabbi Gershon Shaul Yom-Tov Lipmann ben Nathan ha-Levi Heller (c. 157919 August 1654), was a Bohemian rabbi and Talmudist, best known for writing a commentary on the Mishnah called the Tosefet Yom-Tov (1614–1617). Heller was one of the major Talmudic scholars in Prague and in Poland during the "Golden Age" before 1648.
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Moses of Kiev was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in the first half of the 12th century. Moses seems to have been in western Europe in consequence of the expulsion of the Jews from Kiev in 1124 (comp. Firkowitz in Ha-Karmel, ii.407). It is not impossible that he was a pupil of Jacob b.
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The thirty-count laws of Ulla (Talmudist) include the prohibition of humans consuming carrion.Talmud, Hullin 92b This count is in addition to the standard seven law count and has been recently published from the Judeo-Arabic writing of Shmuel ben Hophni Gaon after having been lost for centuries.Mossad HaRav Kook edition of Gaon's commentary to Genesis.
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In Győr-Sziget, where he settled after his marriage, he maintained a yeshibah of his own, which was usually frequented by forty to fifty pupils; and he enjoyed a high reputation as a Talmudist. His writings, left in manuscript, were published by his son Arnold (born in Győr, 1817) under the editorship of Prof. W. Bacher.
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Asher ben Jehiel (, or Asher ben Yechiel, sometimes Asheri) (1250 or 1259 – 1327) was an eminent rabbi and Talmudist best known for his abstract of Talmudic law. He is often referred to as Rabbenu Asher, “our Rabbi Asher” or by the Hebrew acronym for this title, the Rosh (, literally "Head"). His yahrzeit is on 9 Cheshvan.
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Judah ben Asher (30 June 1270 – 4 July 1349)These dates are deduced from the evidence furnished by Judah's testament and epitaphs (Luzzatto, Abne Zikkaron, No. 5; see Schechter in Bet Talmud, iv. 340-346, 372-379 was a German Talmudist and later rabbi of Toledo, Spain, son of Rabbenu Asher and brother of Jacob ben Asher ("Ba'al haTurim").
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As a young man he gained widespread acclaim as an (a brilliant talmudist). Rabbi Zadok refused to accept any rabbinic post for most of his life. He eked out a living by his wife running a small used clothing store. Upon the death of Eiger in 1888, Zadok Hakohen agreed to take over the leadership of the Hasidim.
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Rabbi Yaakov Moshe Charlap (, born 16 November 1882, died 6 December 1951) was an Orthodox rabbi, talmudist, kabbalist, Rosh Yeshiva of the Mercaz HaRav yeshiva, and a disciple of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook. Charlap served as rabbi of the Sha'arei Hesed neighborhood in central Jerusalem, and author of the Mei Marom series of books on Jewish thought.
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Abraham Lichtstein () was a Polish rabbi and Talmudist. He served as the Av Beis Din of Przasnysz, Poland and authored a commentary on the Pentateuch entitled Kanfei Nesharim (, "Wings of Eagles"). Lichtstein was born in Białystok at the end of the eighteenth century. He was the son of Rabbi Eliezer Lipman Lichtstein and grandson of Rabbi Kalman of Białystok.
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Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi (born 1328) was a Bulgarian scholar and Talmudist born at Ohrid. Owing to the wars which agitated Bulgaria in the 14th century, Mosconi left his native country about 1360. He traveled in all the three continents of the Old World. He was in Chios and Cyprus, in Négropont (where he became the pupil of Shemariah b.
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Grave of Solomon Luria (right), Old Jewish Cemetery, Lublin Luria was born in the city of Poznań (Posen), in the Kingdom of Poland. His father, Yechiel Luria, was the rabbi of the Lithuanian city of Slutzk and the son of the eminent Talmudist Miriam Luria. The Luria family claims descent from Rashi.For Solomon's descent and relatives see Anton Lourié, Die Familie Lourié.
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With respect to Greek philosophy, particularly Aristotle, Asín infers that the religio-philosophic world inhabited by Averroës is analogous to that of Aquinas, and also to that of ben Maimon or Maimonides (1135–1204) the Jewish philosopher and talmudist, also from Córdoba.Asín Palacios, "El Averroísmo" (1904), in Huellas del Islam (1941), e.g., cf., section III at 49, also VI at 63-64.
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Aaron ben Solomon ben Hasun was a Talmudist who flourished in Turkey at the beginning of the sixteenth century. He ranked high among the prominent Oriental Talmudic scholars of his time. Except some responsa, which may be found in the works of his pupils and colleagues, he left nothing in writing. Among his pupils were many important Talmudists of the East.
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Aaron of Pesaro was an Italian Talmudist who flourished in the sixteenth century at Pesaro, Italy. He wrote "Toledot Aharon" (The Generations of Aaron), an index to Scriptural quotations in the Talmud, arranged in the order of the Bible. This was first printed at Freiburg in 1583, and, in an abbreviated form, is found in rabbinic Bibles. His works influenced Aaron ben Samuel.
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Bezalel ben Abraham Ashkenazi () ( 1520 – 1592) was a rabbi and talmudist who lived in Ottoman Palestine during the 16th century. He is best known as the author of Shitah Mekubetzet, a commentary on the Talmud. He is very straightforward in his writings and occasionally offers textual amendments to the Talmud. His most important disciple was the famous Kabbalist, Rabbi Isaac Luria.
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Sanhedrin 56b. The Talmudist Ulla said that here are 30 laws which the sons of Noah took upon themselves. However, he only lists three, namely the three that the Gentiles follow: not to create a Ketubah between males, not to sell carrion or human flesh in the market and to respect the Torah. The rest of the laws are not listed.
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Rav Chisda (Hebrew: רב חסדא) was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Kafri, Babylonia, near what is now the city of Najaf, Iraq. He was an amora of the third generation (died in ca 320 CE= 308-309; Sherira Gaon, in Neubauer, "M. J. C." i. 30; in 300, according to Abraham ibn Daud, "Sefer ha-Kabbalah," in Neubauer, l.c. p.
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Yaakov Ben Zion Mendelsohn () (October 12–14, 1875 – August 5, 1941)The AJC Year Book gives a birth date of 12 October 1875. Mendelson's autobiography states that he was born on the first day of Sukoth 5736, which corresponds to 14 October 1875 (or late evening of 13 October). was a renowned Orthodox Jewish scholar, communal rabbi, Talmudist, Halachist, and rabbinical author (mechaber seforim).
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Benjamin ben Abraham Anaw (also known as Benjamin ben Abraham Anav) was a Roman Jewish liturgical poet, Talmudist, and commentator of the thirteenth century, and older brother of Zedekiah ben Abraham Anaw. Perhaps the most gifted and learned of his Roman contemporaries (although chiefly a poet), Anaw possessed a thorough mastery of halakhic literature, diligently studied philology, mathematics, and astronomy, and wielded a keen, satirical pen.
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Assi II (Assa, Issi, Jesa, Josah, Jose, Hebrew: רבי אסי) was a Jewish Talmudist of the 3rd and 4th centuries (third generation of amoraim) who lived in the Land of Israel. He is known by the name of Yessa in the Jerusalem Talmud.Commentary of Solomon Sirilio, in , s.v. ר' ייסא He should not be confused with Rav Assi, who belonged to first generation of amoraim in Babylonia.
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Aaron ben Isaac Lapapa (c. 1590–1674) was an Oriental rabbi and Talmudist. He was at first rabbi at Manissa, Turkey, and at an advanced age was called to Smyrna as judge in civil affairs. In 1665, when the Sabbatai Zevi movement was at its height there, he was one of the few rabbis who had the courage to oppose the false prophet and excommunicate him.
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Rabbi Seligmann Bär Bamberger memorial plate at Würzburg Lehrerbildungsanstalt, Domerschulstraße 6, Seligman Baer (Isaac Dov) Bamberger (born Wiesenbronn, near Kitzingen, Bavaria, 6 November 1807; died Würzburg 13 October 1878) was a Talmudist and a leader of Orthodox Judaism in Germany. Between 1840 and his death he served as rabbi of Würzburg, and is therefore often referred to by his position as the Würzburger Rav.
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Zechariah Mendel ben Aryeh Leib (died c.1706) (Hebrew: זכריה מנדל בן אריה ליב) was a Polish Talmudist, native of Cracow. In 1689 he became chief rabbi and head of the yeshivah at Belz, Galicia. He was the author of Be'er Heitev, a well-known commentary on the Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah, and Ḥoshen Mishpaṭ (first edition of the first part, Amsterdam, 1754; of the second, ib.
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Abba Mari ben Eligdor (also called Sen (or Senior) Astruc de Noves) was a distinguished Talmudist, an eminent philosopher, a member of the Astruc family and an able physicist and astronomer who flourished in the fourteenth century in Salon-de-Provence. In 1335, he was already very old (Samuel of Marseilles, in "Écrivains Juifs," p. 562, according to which the note in "Rev. Ét. Juives," ix.
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Kalonymus Haberkasten was a rabbi and Talmudist in sixteenth century Poland. He is well known as the rosh yeshiva of many great rabbis including Rabbi Solomon Luria, who married his daughter Lipka. Haberkasten was rosh yeshiva in Lviv, and was later the first rabbi of the city of Ostroh, Volhynia. He left Ostroh to assume the position of rosh yeshiva in Brest and Luria succeeded him in Ostroh.
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Eine Beschreibung synagogaler Riten, 1859. The Romaniotes speak Judaeo-Greek since a long time, and many of them still use the Greek language today. Tobiah ben Eliezer (טוביה בר אליעזר), a Greek-speaking Talmudist and poet of the 11th century, worked and lived in the city of Kastoria. He is the author of the Lekach Tov, a midrashic commentary on the Pentateuch and the Five Megillot and also of some poems.
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Baruch Schick of Shklov (1744–1808) was a Polish-Lithuanian-born rabbi, author, scholar, talmudist, physicist, and scientist in the 18th century. He is famous for having translated many scientific works into Hebrew upon the request of the Vilna Gaon. He wrote about anything ranging from medicine to hygiene. He was also known to have been one of the many pioneers of the Haskalah movement (Jewish Age of Enlightenment).
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Tzvi Hirsh Eichenstein also known as Hirsh Zydaczower (1763, Sambor - June 22, 1831, Zidichov), was a famous Hasidic Rebbe, a noted Talmudist, Kabbalist and author of novellae on Torah and responsa. He founded the Zidichov Hasidic dynasty. He was a disciple of rabbis Moshe Leib of Sassov, Menachem Mendel of Rimanov, the Maggid of Koznitz and the Seer of Lublin. His younger brother was Rabbi Moshe of Sambor.
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Tombstone of Yaakov ben Yakar at the Mainzer Judensand Yaakov ben Yakar (990 – 1064) was a German Talmudist. He flourished in the first half of the 11th century. He was a pupil of Gershom ben Judah in Mainz, and is especially known as the teacher of Rashi, who characterizes him as Mori HaZaken (my teacher the elder). Yaakov was one of the leading Talmudic authorities of his time.
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Moses ha-Levi ha-Nazir was a rabbi of the 17th-century. He was the father of Joseph ha-Levi and son-in-law of the talmudist Abraham ibn Hananiah, rabbi of Hebron and pupil of Joseph di Trani. He is also mentioned as a messenger from the Holy Land. This accounts for the fact that he is met with in many places, including Constantinople, Greece and Morea.
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Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils was a French rabbi, Talmudist, Bible commentator, and payyetan (author of piyyutim) of the mid-eleventh century. He is also known by the Hebrew name Yosef Tov Elem (יוסף טוב עלם), a Hebrew translation from the French name "Bonfils." Of his life nothing is known but that he came from Narbonne, and was rabbi of Limoges in the province of Anjou.See Jacob Tam's "Sefer ha-Yashar," ed.
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Yom-Tov Lipmann ben Solomon Muhlhausen (Hebrew: יום טוב ליפמן מילהאוזן) was a controversialist, Talmudist, kabalist and philosopher of the 14th and 15th centuries (birth date unknown, died later than 1420). His religious and scholarly career and influence spanned the Jewish communities of Bohemia, Poland, Austria and various parts of Germany, and his dispute with the principles of Christianity left a lasting imprint on the relations between Christianity and Judaism.
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Angelo was three and Louis five. The unsuccessful Hungarian Revolution and Independence War of 1848 played a role in the move. Phineas Mendel, Angelo's grandfather, a Poland-born Talmudist, had had sympathy for the revolutionaries and his father, also born in Poland, had been a government employee under Lajos Kossuth. Michael Heilprin was to be a contributor to the American Cyclopædia and Phineas Mendel joined the family in 1859. Appletons.
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Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin () (c. 1365 - September 14, 1427) was a Talmudist and posek (authority on Jewish law) best known for his codification of the customs (minhagim) of the German Jews. He is also known as Maharil () - the Hebrew acronym for "Our Teacher, the Rabbi, Yaakov Levi" - as well as Mahari Segal or Mahari Moelin. Maharil's Minhagim was a source of law for Moses Isserles’ component of the Shulkhan Arukh.
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Elijah ben Moses Gershon Ẓahalon of Pinczow was an eighteenth-century Jewish Talmudist, mathematician and physician living in Pińczów, Russian Poland. In 1758 he published Ma'aneh Eliyahu, novellae on Baba Meẓi'a and Beẓah, decisions, and responsa. That same year he published Ir Ḥeshbon, on arithmetic and algebra, the first part of his most notable mathematical work, Meleket Maḥshebet. The second part, Berure Middot, on geometry, would be published in 1765.
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The rest went to the Crown for protection. In this period Poland-Lithuania became the main center for Ashkenazi Jewry, and its yeshivot achieved fame from the early 16th century. Moses Isserles (1520–1572), an eminent Talmudist of the 16th century, established his yeshiva in Kraków. In addition to being a renowned Talmudic and legal scholar, Isserles was also learned in Kabbalah, and studied history, astronomy, and philosophy.
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The war lasted until 1229. Some scholars pretend to see in this Abba Mari the father of Isaac ben Abba Mari, the author of the 'Iṭṭur. In this work Isaac refers to his father as a prominent Talmudist, from which circumstance it is inferred that the subject of this sketch was not only a high official but also a Talmudic scholar—a deduction which has been completely set aside by Gross.
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Aaron ha-Levi of Barcelona (also known as Aaron ben Joseph Sason) was a Spanish Talmudist of the end of the thirteenth century; author of the first book of religious instruction among the Jews of the Middle Ages. Though his work the Sefer ha-Chinuch (Book of Education) was well known, having been repeatedly commented on and republished in more than a dozen editions, it was reserved for Rosin to discover anything accurate concerning the personality of the author. The book itself is anonymous; and the statement by Gedaliah ibn Yaḥyah (dating from the middle of the sixteenth century), that its author was the celebrated Talmudist Aaron ben Joseph ha-Levi, has been generally accepted. It is now, however, certain that the author was a Spanish instructor of youth, of modest position, one who had contented himself with but the faintest allusion to his own identity in symbolically applying to himself the verse Mal. ii.
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Joseph ibn Migash was probably born in Seville (though Steinschneider believes it was Granada). He moved to Lucena at the age of 12 to study under the renowned Talmudist Isaac Alfasi. He studied under Alfasi at Lucena for fourteen years. Shortly before his death (1103), Alfasi ordained Ibn Megas as a rabbi, and - passing over his own son - also appointed him, then 26, to be his successor as Rosh Yeshiva (seminary head).
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French Talmudist; lived at Orleans, and perhaps at London, in the twelfth century. One of the older tosafists, his interpretations of the Talmud are quoted several times in the Tosafot. He is mentioned as the father of three daughters. He was the father-in-law of Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon, and therefore a contemporary of Rabbenu Tam of Rameru, the head of the tosafistic school in the middle of the twelfth century.
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Nissim ben Reuven (1320 – 9th of Shevat, 1376, ) of Girona, Catalonia was an influential talmudist and authority on Jewish law. He was one of the last of the great Spanish medieval Talmudic scholars. He is also known by his Hebrew acronym, the RaN (), as well as by the name RaNbaR (), the Hebrew acronym of his full name, including his father's name, Reuven (),Nimukei Yosef, Bava Metzia, : on Gemara as also by Nissim Gerondi.
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Asa Kasher is the grandson of talmudist Menachem Mendel Kasher. He is noted for authorship of Israel Defense Forces's Code of Conduct. He wrote an influential defense of Israel's 'law of return', justifying it as a form of affirmative action, following periods in which Jews were not allowed to immigrate to many countries. He also wrote about possible meanings to a Jewish and democratic state, the meaning of a Jewish collective and many other essays.
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Shibbolei ha-Leket (Hebrew, "The Gleaned Ears"), the first Italian Jewish codification of Jewish law, is an earlier work that is similar in scope and content, but more detailed and further elaborated. Shibbolei ha-Leket is concerned with the liturgy, the Passover Haggadah, and laws pertaining to Shabbat and the Jewish Holidays. It was authored by Zedekiah ben Abraham Anav, a 13th-century Italian Talmudist. The work was culled from many Rishonim.
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Cohen, Shaye J. D. (1988). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah. pp. 224–225 Talmudist and professor of Jewish studies Daniel Boyarin proposes a revised understanding of the interactions between nascent Christianity and Judaism in late antiquity, viewing the two "new" religions as intensely and complexly intertwined throughout this period. According to Boyarin, Judaism and Christianity "were part of one complex religious family, twins in a womb", for at least three centuries.
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Talmud); or alternative name recorded in the B. Talmud: Jose, the son of R. Boon [Bun], in Hebrew: יוסי ברבי בון, read as Yossi BeRabbi[Son of Rabbi] Bon) was a Jewish Talmudist, known as an amora of the fifth generation (4th century CE) who lived in the Galilee in the Land of Israel. He was the son of Rabban Abin IBacher, "Ag. Pal. Amor." iii. 724. and the teacher of Abin II.Yerushalmi Nedarim 3b.
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Avraham Yehoshua "Heschel"(or Abraham Joshua) (1595 – 1663) was a renowned rabbi and talmudist in Kraków, Poland. In 1654 Heschel became Chief Rabbi of Kraków, succeeding Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller upon his death. Subsequent to the Chmielnicki massacres, Heschel was lenient in allowing agunahs (women whose husbands were only presumed dead) to remarry. Heschel's second wife was Dina, the granddaughter of Saul Wahl, who according to folklore was king of Poland for one day.
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Eleazar of Worms (אלעזר מוורמייזא) (c. 1176–1238), or Eleazar ben Judah ben Kalonymus, also sometimes known today as Eleazar Rokeach ("Eleazar the Perfumer" אלעזר רקח) from the title of his Book of the Perfumer (Sefer ha rokeah ספר הרקח)—where the numerical value of "Perfumer" (in Hebrew) is equal to Eleazar, was a leading Talmudist and Kabbalist, and the last major member of the Hasidei Ashkenaz, a group of German Jewish pietists.
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His work and teachings found followers and outlived him. At the end of 1919, when Ponevezh returned to Lithuania, the Ponevezh yeshiva was re-opened with Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman as its rosh yeshiva and soon regained its prestige. Under Kahaneman's leadership the school incorporated Musar but teaching curriculum still focused on study of Talmud. Kahandeman was considered not only respected Talmudist but also very effective in fundraising - both locally and in United States.
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Alexander Büchler, or Bűchler Sándor (September 24, 1869 in Fülek (Fiľakovo), Kingdom of Hungary - July 1944, in Auschwitz) was a Hungarian rabbi and educator. He is a son of the Talmudist rabbi Phineas Büchler of Mór. He was educated at the gymnasium in Székesfehérvár and at the university and the seminary of Budapest; he received the degree of Ph.D. in 1893, and was ordained as rabbi in 1895. In 1897 he was called to Keszthely.
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Joshua Boaz ben Simon Baruch (died 1557), also known as the Shiltei Giborim after a work he authored, was a prominent Talmudist who lived at Sabbioneta, and later at Savigliano. He was a descendant of an old Judæo-Spanish family, and probably settled in Italy after the banishment of the Jews from Spain. When he was twenty-three years old, he began to publish useful works on the Talmud, in which he displayed vast erudition.
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253) characterize this view as an "erroneous and totally unfounded hypothesis". Isaac was the son of the famous talmudist, Abraham ben David of Posquières (Raavad). The Bahir first appeared in the Middle Ages, around 1200 CE in France. It discusses a number of ideas that became important for Kabbalah, and even though the origins of the anonymous work are obscure, there were important Kabbalists who were writing at the same time in France.
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Shmuel Yaakov Weinberg, known as Yaakov Weinberg (also Jacob S. Weinberg) (1923 – July 1, 1999) was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi, Talmudist, and rosh yeshiva (dean) of Ner Israel Rabbinical College in Baltimore, Maryland, one of the major American non-Hasidic yeshivas. Rabbi Weinberg also served as a leading rabbinical advisor and board member of a number of important Haredi and Orthodox institutions such as Torah Umesorah, Agudath Israel of America and the Association for Jewish Outreach Programs.
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Perez ben Elijah of Corbeil (died 1295) was a French tosafist, son of the Talmudist Elijah of Tours. In Talmudic literature he is designated by the abbreviations RaP (= Rabbeinu Perez), RaPaSh (= Rabbeinu Perez, may he live), and MaHaRPaSh (= our master Rabbeinu Perez, may he live). Perez had for masters Jehiel of Paris, Jacob of Chinon and Samuel of Evreux. He traveled throughout Brabant, and sojourned for a time in Germany, where he made the acquaintance of Meir of Rothenburg.
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Fano's authority as a Talmudist is evident in a collection of responsa ("She'elot Teshubot me-Rabbi Menaḥem 'Azaryah," Dyhernfurth, 1788) containing 130 chapters on various subjects connected with religious law and ritual questions. They are distinguished by precision of style as well as by the author's independence of the later authorities. He even decides sometimes in opposition to Joseph Caro (e.g., No. 32), and holds changes in the ritual to be justifiable in certain cases (see, e.g.
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Isaac ben Jacob Alfasi ha-Cohen (1013–1103) (, ) - also known as the Alfasi or by his Hebrew acronym Rif (Rabbi Isaac al-Fasi), was an Algerian Talmudist and posek (decider in matters of halakha - Jewish law). He is best known for his work of halakha, the legal code Sefer Ha-halachot, considered the first fundamental work in halakhic literature. His name "Alfasi" means "of Fez" in Arabic, but opinions differ as to whether he ever lived in Fez.
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Among its famous inhabitants were the Talmudist Moses Isserles, the Court Jew Abraham of Bohemia, the Kabbalist Natan Szpiro, and the royal physician Shmuel bar Meshulam. Interior of the Old Synagogue of Kazimierz before 1939. The golden age of the Oppidum came to an end in 1782, when the Austrian Emperor Joseph II disbanded the kahal. In 1822, the walls were torn down, removing any physical reminder of the old borders between Jewish and ethnic Polish Kazimierz.
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Moritz Steinschneider (30 March 1816, Prostějov, Moravia, Austrian Empire – 24 January 1907, Berlin) was a Bohemian bibliographer and Orientalist. He received his early instruction in Hebrew from his father, Jacob Steinschneider ( 1782; March 1856), who was not only an expert Talmudist, but was also well versed in secular science. The house of the elder Steinschneider was the rendezvous of a few progressive Hebraists, among whom was his brother-in-law, the physician and writer Gideon Brecher.
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Mattityahu Strashun was born to Samuel Strashun (1794–1872), a prominent Talmudist and merchant, and his wife Sara Strashun, in Vilnius, Vilna Governorate. Coming from a well-to-do family, Mattityahu, at the age of 13, married the eldest daughter of the wealthy Joseph Elijah Eliasberg. His father-in-law bought him a business dealing in silks, which his wife managed so he could dedicate himself to Torah study. Strashun was financially independent throughout his life.
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For another Jewish Amora sage also of the Land of Israel, same 3d Amoraic generation and with a similar name, see Hanina b. Papi. For the Babylonian Amora sages of the 5th generation, see Rav Papi or Rav Papa. Hanina ben Pappa () was a Jewish Talmudist living in the Land of Israel, halakhist, and aggadist who flourished in the 3rd and 4th centuries (third generation of amoraim). His name is variously written "Ḥanina", "Hananiah", and "Ḥinena".
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Eva was born in Daruvar (present-day Croatia) in 1920. Her father, Leopold, Chief Rabbi, and noted Talmudist, was deported by the Nazis from Yugoslavia before the outbreak of World War II. Unfortunately, more than thirty members of her family were not so lucky and disappeared in the concentration camps. She graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Lyon, just before the outbreak of war. In Belgrade in 1941, she witnessed the city's bombardments by the Nazis.
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Shalom Charif Ullmann (, February 27, 1755 in Fürth - March 6, 1825 in Lackenbach) was a Hungarian Talmudist, who flourished in the beginning of the 19th century. He was a rabbi in Fürth, and later at Boldogasszony (Frauenkirchen), a small town in the county of Wieselburg. He was the author of Dibre Rash (1826), a work containing notes on various Talmudic treatises. He had two sons, Shlomo Zalman (1792 - January 2, 1863) and Avraham (1791 - August 12, 1848).
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Jonah ben Elijah Landsofer (1678 – 9 October 1712) was a Bohemian rabbi and Talmudist. He made a special study of the Masorah and was well versed in the regulations concerning the writing of scrolls of the Law, whence his name "Landsofer." He studied also secular science and Kabbalah, and as a kabbalist he, with Moses Ḥasid, was sent by Abraham Broda to Vienna to engage in a disputation with the Shabbethaians. He died in Prague in 1712.
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Rav Nachman bar Yaakov (; died 320) was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Babylonia, known as an Amora of the third generation. It is generally accepted that references to Rav Nachman in the Talmud refer to Rav Nachman bar Yaakov, not to Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak.Tosafot to Gittin 31b takes this position while understanding Rashi as disagreeing. Modern scholarship follows Tosafot, noting that "Rav Nachman" and "Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak" are often stated as disagreeing within a single passage.
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Something, perhaps fear of the Inquisition, forced him to leave Italy, where he had begun to announce himself as the Messiah. He traveled as a preacher through Austria, Germany, and Poland, and finally returned to Hungary, where he seems to have lived a quiet life, as nothing further is known of him. His son, Judah Löb Mokiach, an eminent Talmudist, died in Pressburg December 7, 1742; the latter's sons were David Berlin (Mokiach) and Isaiah Berlin (Mokiach), known also as Isaiah Pick.
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He was born in the vicinity of Troyes, in around 1085 in France to his father Meir ben Shmuel and mother Yocheved, daughter of Rashi. He was the older brother of Solomon the grammarian as well as of the Tosafists Isaac ben Meir (the "Rivam") and Jacob ben Meir ("Rabbeinu Tam"), and a colleague of Rabbi Joseph Kara. Like his maternal grandfather, the Rashbam was a biblical commentator and Talmudist. He learned from Rashi and from Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi ("Riva").
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The seminary's four-year Bachelor of Liberal Arts and Rabbinical Studies is accredited by the Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools, recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation The degree has a strong emphasis of Philosophy, Jewish Law, Talmudic analytics, Ethics, and Rabbinic literature. Rabbi Ezra Schochet, scholar and Talmudist, has held the position of dean since the yeshiva's founding in 1977. In 2003 the yeshiva underwent a $5 million renovation, adding of space for dormitories, study rooms, and study hall.
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Dan Ashkenazi was a 13th-century German Talmudist and exegete. He was a prominent Talmudists of Germany and the teacher of Mordecai ben Hillel. He emigrated to Spain toward the end of the 13th century, probably in consequence of the cruel persecutions to which the Jews of Germany were subjected at that time, when many were driven to seek asylum in other countries. In Spain, where he was called "Ashkenazi" (German), he met the foremost rabbinical authorities, who thought highly of him.
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Aaron of Neustadt (surname Blumlein) () was an Austrian Talmudist who with Shallum and Jaekel of Vienna formed a triumvirate of Talmudic scholars in Austria at the end of the fourteenth and beginning of the fifteenth century. He was the uncle and chief instructor of Israel Isserlein, who frequently alludes in his works to the decisions and opinions of his teacher. Jacob Mölln (Maharil) also refers to him and his colleagues. Aaron suffered the death of a martyr, at Vienna, on 13 March 1421.
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Yisrael ben Ze'ev Wolf Lipkin, also known as "Israel Salanter" or "Yisroel Salanter" (November 3, 1809, Zhagory – February 2, 1883, Königsberg), was the father of the Musar movement in Orthodox Judaism and a famed Rosh yeshiva and Talmudist. The epithet Salanter was added to his name since most of his schooling took place in Salant (now the Lithuanian town of Salantai), where he came under the influence of Rabbi Yosef Zundel of Salant. He was the father of mathematician Yom Tov Lipman Lipkin.
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Simchah (Simon) ben Abraham Calimani (1699 – August 2, 1784) was a Venetian rabbi and author. He was a versatile writer, and equally prominent as linguist, poet, orator, and Talmudist. During his rabbinate Calimani was engaged as corrector at the Hebrew printing office in Venice. Among the great number of books revised by him was the responsum of David ben Zimra (RaDBaZ), to which he added an index, and the Yad Ḥaruẓim (on Hebrew versification) of Gerson Ḥefeẓ, enriched with interesting notes of his own.
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Magen David Synagogue in Kolkata Interiors in Magen David Synagogue, Kolkata Genizah at Jewish Cemetery, Kolkata The Jewish community established five independent synagogues in Kolkata, out of which regular prayers are only heard in one. The first synagogue, now known as the Old Synagogue, was built by Shalome David Cohen. One of the pivotal figures in building the synagogue of Kolkata was Ezekiel Judah. Ezekiel Judah was an esteemed talmudist who led the Baghdadi Jewish community in Kolkata in spiritual matters during his lifetime, building two synagogues.
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The Maharsha was born in Kraków in Poland. His father, Yehuda, was a Talmudist and both parents were descendants of rabbinic families—his mother Gitel was a cousin of Rabbi Yehuda Loew, the Maharal of Prague, and his father "was a direct descendant of Rabbi Yehuda HaChasid." From early childhood, the Maharsha's remarkable talents were evident. When he came of marriageable age, the Maharsha was offered many prestigious shidduchim (marriage partners), but he rejected them, asserting that he wanted to devote himself solely to Torah study.
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He was a strong Talmudist and attended Tosafist schools. His experiences as a Tosafist may have contributed to his desperate plea to focus on the practical aspects of the Talmud, the Halacha. He was taught the Kabbala at a young age by his father, Samuel of Speyer (Samuel the Pious). Samuel the Pious is said to have contributed some of the sections in Sefer Hasidim, and as the father and teacher of Judah the Pious, he directly contributed to much of this movement's thought.
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Under the name "Ovadiah b. Baruch of Poland," Berlin attempted in this work to ridicule Talmudic science, and to stigmatize one of its foremost exponents not only as ignorant, but also as dishonest. The publishers declared in the preface that they had received the work from a traveling Polish Talmudist, and had considered it their duty to print it and submit it to the judgment of specialists. To secure the anonymity more thoroughly, Berlin and his father were named among those who were to pass upon it.
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Aaron Cupino was a talmudist and head of a yeshiva at Constantinople, who flourished about the close of the seventeenth century. He was a pupil of Ḥayyim Shabbethai at Salonica, whence he afterward moved to Constantinople. Here he founded a Talmudic school, from which were graduated several pupils who afterward acquired notable reputations, among whom were Aaron ben Isaac Sason and Isaac Raphael Alfandari. Aaron Cupino maintained a scholarly correspondence with R. Benveniste (1601–76), the author of the Keneset haGedolah, and with several other scholars.
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Saul Lowenstam (1717 – 19 June 1790) was a renowned Dutch rabbi and talmudist. Saul Lowenstam was born in 1717 in Rzeszów to his parents Aryeh Leib ben Saul (who was the rabbi in Rzeszów at the time) and Miriam the daughter of the Chacham Tzvi. He married Hendele, the daughter of Abraham Kahana, who was rabbi of Grodno, Ukraine. His first rabbinical position was in Lokachi, Ukraine (located in the Lokachi Raion and named Lakacz in Yiddish), followed by Dubno, where he succeeded his father-in-law.
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Rosenberg was born in Skaraschev, Poland near Radomsko, Poland. As a young boy, he was known as “the genius of Skaraschev”. At age 17, he married Chaya Chava, the daughter of Shlomo Elimelech, of Tarlow, Poland, granddaughter of the Otrovtzer Rav, Rabbi Liebish Zucker and great-grandchild of the Ostrovtzer Rebbe. After receiving his rabbinic designation, he became a Rabbi in Tarlow, Poland, and was known in Poland as Rav Yudel Tarlow’er. The famous Talmudist, the “Pnei Yehoshua”, also lived in Tarlow some two centuries prior.
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Yisroel ben Shmuel Ashkenazi of Shklov (c. 1770 – May 22, 1839) was a Talmudist, one of a group of Talmudical scholars of Shklov who were attracted to Vilna by Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, known as the Vilna Gaon (1720–97). He was one of "the last arrivals," and attended upon the Gaon as a disciple for less than a year. He gained the Vilna Gaon's confidence, and was chosen to arrange for publication the Gaon's commentary to the first two parts of the Shulchan Aruch.
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1140) counted the permutations with repetitions in vocalization of Divine Name.The short commentary on Exodus 3:13 He also established the symmetry of binomial coefficients, while a closed formula was obtained later by the talmudist and mathematician Levi ben Gerson (better known as Gersonides), in 1321.History of Combinatorics, chapter in a textbook. The arithmetical triangle— a graphical diagram showing relationships among the binomial coefficients— was presented by mathematicians in treatises dating as far back as the 10th century, and would eventually become known as Pascal's triangle.
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Unfortunately, as a result of the Almohad invasion, zealots forced many of the conquered to choose between conversion or flight. The family of the Jewish philosopher and talmudist, Moshe ben Maimon, then thirteen, had to flee Córdoba in 1148, eventually finding safety in Fatimid Egypt. Isaac Husik, A History of Medieval Jewish Philosophy (Macmillan 1916, reprint Philadelphia 1940) at 238.Due to Almohad severity, many Jews eventually chose to enter Christian Spain. Yitzhak Baer, A History of the Jews in Christian Spain translated from Hebrew (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society 1961) at I:46-49.
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The story is said to be characteristic of Besht's activity in healing those in need of relief. More important to him than prayer was a friendly relationship with sinners. Unselfishness and high- minded benevolence are a motif in the legends about him. Besht's methods of teaching differed from those of his opponents. He directed many satirical remarks at them, a characteristic one being his designation of the typical Talmudist of his day as “a man who through a sheer study of the Law has no time to think about God”.
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Today, Maimonides maintains many of the Rav's radical educational posits including co-education and female Talmud study. He is often accredited with being a primary founder of Modern Orthodoxy, a movement of Judaism which holds that Jews must both practice a Halakhic life and embrace modernity. He also gave much needed validity to the Zionist effort in his famous work "Kol Dodi Dofek". Although he was primarily a brilliant Talmudist, his most famous works of "Lonely Man of Faith", "Catharsis", "Halachic Man", and "Uvikkashtem Misham" are largely philosophical.
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Levi ben Gershon (1288 – 1344), better known by his Graecized name as Gersonides, or by his Latinized name Magister Leo Hebraeus, or in Hebrew by the abbreviation of first letters as RaLBaG,"Ralbag" is the acronym of "Rabbi Levi Ben Gershon", with vowels added to make it easily pronouncable, the normal traditional Jewish practice with the names of prominent Rabbis. was a medieval French Jewish philosopher, Talmudist, mathematician, physician and astronomer/astrologer. He was born at Bagnols in Languedoc, France. According to Abraham Zacuto and others, he was the son of Gerson ben Solomon Catalan.
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Abraham Rapoport (Schrenzel) was a Polish Talmudist; born at Lemberg (currently Lviv, Ukraine) in 1584; died in 1651 (June 7); son of Rabbi Israel Jehiel Rapoport of Cracow and son-in-law of R. Mordecai Schrenzel of Lemberg. Rapoport was a pupil of R. Joshua Falk ha-Kohen. For forty-five years he was at the head of a large yeshiva at Lemberg. Being very wealthy, he had no need of seeking a rabbinical position; and he was able, therefore, to expend large sums on behalf of the pupils of his academy.
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"Chagat" is an acronym for "Chesed, Gevurah, Tiferet" (kindness, severity, beauty), the Kabbalistic terms for the three primary emotions. While all Hasidism have a certain focus on the emotions, Chagat saw emotions as a reaction to physical stimuli, such as dancing singing or beauty. Shneur Zalman, on the other hand, taught that the emotions must be led by the mind, and thus the focus of Chabad thought was to be Torah study and prayer rather than esotericism and song. As a Talmudist, Shneur Zalman endeavored to place Kabbalah and Hasidism on a rational basis.
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Isaac ben Merwan ha-Levi (; flourished in the first third of the 12th century) was a Provençal rabbi and Talmudist; he was the elder son of Merwan of Narbonne. As highly respected in the community as his father, he was elected rabbi of Narbonne. He is often quoted, his Talmudic decisions being regarded as decisive. He directed the yeshibah, and several of his pupils achieved distinction, among them being his nephew Moses ben Joseph, Moses ben Jacob ha- Nasi, and Abraham ben Isaac, "ab bet din" of Narbonne.
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Eliakim ben Meshullam (born about 1030; died at the end of the eleventh century in Speyer, Rhenish Bavaria) was a German rabbi, Talmudist and payyeṭan. He studied at the yeshivot in Mainz and Worms, having Rashi as a fellow student. Eliakim himself founded a Talmudical school in Speyer. He wrote a commentary on all the tractates of the Talmud except Berakot and Niddah (see Solomon Luria, Responsa, No. 29, and Asher ben Jehiel, Responsa, Rule 1, § 8), which was used by scholars as late as the fourteenth century.
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Ibn Ezra was a learned Talmudist, and his works were highly esteemed. He wrote: Rosh Yosef, a commentary on the Turim, of which the part treating of communal taxes and contributions was published at Salonica (1601), under the title Massa Melekh; Atzamot Yosef, commentary on Kiddushin (ib. 1601; Berlin, 1699; Fürth, 1767). In the preface to the latter the author states that the object of the commentary is to give, in addition to the ordinary exposition of the text (peshat), a clear, insight into the methodology of the Talmud.
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He was born at Dubno, Volhynia, then Kingdom of Poland. When he was 14 years old his parents married him to the daughter of the Talmudist Simhah ben Joshua of Volozhin. Having exhausted the knowledge of his Volhynian instructors, Dubno went to Galicia, studying there for several years Biblical exegesis and grammar under the direction of Rabbi Solomon of Cholm. Dubno soon became proficient in these branches of Jewish science, and was charged by his master with the revision and publication of his work on the Hebrew accents, Sha'are Ne'imah (Frankfort- on-the-Main, 1766).
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Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures, Robert Bonfil, 2011, p. 122 Tobiah ben Eliezer (טוביה בר אליעזר), a Talmudist and poet of the 11th century, worked and lived in the city of Kastoria. He is the author of the Lekach Tov, a midrashic commentary on the Pentateuch and the Five Megillot and also of some poems. The first settlement of Ashkenazi Jews in Greece occurred in 1376, heralding an Ashkenazi immigration from Hungary and Germany to avoid the persecution of Jews throughout the 15th century.
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He authored the Shir Hakavod ("Song of the Glory"), which poetically describes Ashkenazi Hasidic theology, namely, the presence of the divine glory (kavod כבוד). He also authored the Book of the Fear of God (Sefer Hayirah) and Book of Repentance (Sefer Hateshuva). Rabbi Eleazar of Worms was a leading Talmudist and Kabbalist in the 13th century and was the prime disciple of Judah the Pious. He is best known for his work, Sefer HaRokeah (Book of the Perfumer), a halakhic guide to ethics and Jewish law for the common reader.
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His life thus became embittered, and he was seriously contemplating a return to Europe, when death intervened. Elazar, besides being a great Talmudist, was a profound cabalist and an able darshan. His published works are: "Arba' Ṭure Eben" (Four Rows of Stone), containing responsa and novellæ on Maimonides' "Yad" and on the Talmud (Lemberg, 1789); "Maaseh Rokeach" (Work of the Ointment-Maker), a cabalistic commentary on the Mishnah (Amsterdam, 1740); "Maaseh Rokeach," on the Pentateuch (Lemberg, 1789). His grandson was Rabbi Elazar Rokeach (II), father of Rabbi Sholom Rokeach of Belz.
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Solomon Ayllon (1660 or 1664 – April 10, 1728) was haham of the Sephardic congregations in London and Amsterdam, and a follower of Shabbethai Ẓebi. His name is derived from the town of Ayllon, in what is now the province of Segovia. Ayllon was neither a general scholar nor a Talmudist of standing,As his responsa (found in Ezekiel Katzenellenbogen's "Keneset Yeḥezkel," Nos. 3, 5; in Samuel Aboab's "Debar Shemuel," Nos. 320, 324; in Ẓebi Ashkenazi's "Ḥakam Ẓebi," No. 1; in Jacob Sasportas's "Ohel Ya'aḳob," No. 64) amply show.
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He immediately had attacked the ruling Almoravids and had wrestled Morocco away from them by 1147, suppressing subsequent revolts there. Then he crossed the straits, occupying al-Andalus (in Spain).Unfortunately, as a result of the Almohad invasion, whose zealots forced many of the conquered to choose between conversion or flight, the family of the Jewish philosopher and Talmudist, Moshe ben Maimon, then thirteen, had to flee Córdoba in 1148, eventually finding safety in Fatimid Egypt. Isaac Husik, A History of Medieval Jewish Philosophy (Macmillan 1916, reprint Philadelphia 1940) p. 238.
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Elijah of Ferrara (Hebrew: אליהו מפררה, or אליהו מפרארה) was a Jewish-Italian Talmudist and traveler of the earlier part of the 15th century. He was engaged in 1437 as lecturer and teacher in Jerusalem, where he arrived after a stormy voyage, during which he lost his son and grandson. He wrote several letters to his wife and children, whom he had left behind in Ferrara; only one of these epistles, dated 1438, has been preserved. This "Iggeret," written in rimed prose, has been published in the collection "Dibre Ḥakamim," Metz, 1853, and translated by Carmoly ("Itinéeraires," pp.
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He was born into a rabbinic family in Tyrawa Wołoska, a shtetl in the Austrian province of Galicia between the cities of Sanok and Przemyśl (now southeast Poland) in 1896. He excelled in religious studies, and being considered a prodigy, was ordained at the young age of 16 years. Later he attended the universities of Kraków and Lviv, obtaining a PhD in Philosophy. Acquiring a high reputation as an orator and Talmudist, he was named Chief Rabbi of Drohobych and Boryslav, then in southeast Poland (now western Ukraine) in 1920 (age 24), where he officiated until the Nazi occupation.
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Straight blackthorn stems have traditionally been made into walking sticks or clubs (known in Ireland as a shillelagh). In the British Army, blackthorn sticks are carried by commissioned officers of the Royal Irish Regiment; this is a tradition also in Irish regiments in some Commonwealth countries. The leaves resemble tea leaves, and were used as an adulterant of tea. Rashi, a Talmudist and Tanakh commentator of the High Middle Ages, writes that the sap (or gum) of P. spinosa (which he refers to as the ) was used as an ingredient in the making of some inks used for manuscripts.
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Ashkenazi's personality was an extraordinary one. He may be called the last survivor of a most brilliant epoch in the history of the Sephardim. Although educated by a kabbalist, and a fellow-pupil of Moses Alshech, yet he was a student—if not a deep one—of philosophy and physics. As a Talmudist, such men as Joseph Caro, Moses Isserles, and Solomon Luria considered him of equal authority with themselves; however, when the rabbinical decisions of earlier rabbis ran counter to his own judgment, he never sought a sophistical justification for them, as was then the custom, especially in Poland.
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Jacob Emden, also known as Ya'avetz (June 4, 1697 April 19, 1776), was a leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism in the face of the growing influence of the Sabbatean movement. He was acclaimed in all circles for his extensive knowledge.communicated with Moses Mendelssohn, founder of the breakaway Haskalah movement: Emden was the son of the Chacham Tzvi, and a descendant of Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm. He lived most his life in Altona (now a part of Hamburg, Germany), where he held no official rabbinic position and earned a living by printing books.
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Joseph ben Moses Babad (1801 in Przeworsk – 1874 in Ternopil) was a rabbi, posek and Talmudist, best known for his work, the Minchat Chinuch, a commentary on the Sefer Hachinuch. Babad served as rabbi at Bohorodczany, Zbarizh, Sniatyn, and Tarnopol where in 1857 he was appointed as Av Beit Din, a position he held for the rest of his life. He studied under Chaim Halberstam, the Sanzer Rov, and enjoyed close relationships with the various Hasidic leaders of Galicia. Rabbi Babad's first wife is not known; he later married the sister of Chaim Halberstam, and after her death he again remarried.
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While all schools of Hasidism have a certain focus on the emotions, Chagat saw emotions as a reaction to physical stimuli, such as dancing, singing, or beauty. Shneur Zalman, on the other hand, taught that the emotions must be led by the mind, and thus the focus of Chabad thought was to be Torah study and prayer rather than esotericism and song. As a Talmudist, Shneur Zalman endeavored to place Kabbalah and Hasidism on a rational basis. In Tanya, he defines his approach as moach shalit al halev (Hebrew: מוח שליט על הלב, "the brain ruling the heart").
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Shabbethai ben Mordecai Panzieri was an Italian rabbi of the seventeenth century. He was Rabbi of Rome in 1652 and 1653, of Sinigaglia from 1680 to 1685, and again of Rome from the last-mentioned year. He had a reputation as a Talmudist, and corresponded with Samuel Aboab in Venice and with Jehiel Finzi in Florence. When it was desired to introduce into the community the system of selfvaluation of property supported by an oath, Shabbethai spoke very energetically in favor of the method hitherto pursued, namely, that of valuation by a commission of seven members.
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He was born about 1460 or 1470 in Poland, and died at Lublin in 1541. He was a pupil of Jacob Margolioth of Nuremberg, with whose son Isaac he officiated in the rabbinate of Prague about 1490; but he first became known during the latter part of the activity of Judah Minz (d. 1508), who opposed him in 1492 regarding a question of divorce. Pollak's widowed mother-in-law, a wealthy and prominent woman, who was even received at the Bohemian court, had married her second daughter, who was still a minor, to the Talmudist David Zehner.
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On February 9, 1807, four days after the Assembly of Notables was dissolved, the Grand Sanhedrin was convened; its chairman ("nasi"), appointed by the minister of the interior, was Sinzheim, who had probably suggested the assembly, having been frequently consulted by the imperial commissioner. The consistorial constitution, provided by the decree of March 17, 1808, opened a new field of activity for Sinzheim, who was elected chairman of the Central Consistory. He was regarded as the foremost French Talmudist of his time, and was the author of the Yad David, which has recently been printed in its entirety by Machon Yerushalayim.
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The great talmudist Rabbi Moses ben Joseph di Trani (1505–1585) was born in Thessaloniki, three years after his family had fled there from Trani due to antisemitic persecution. Trani entered a crisis under the Anjou and Aragonese rule (14th–16th centuries), as its Jewish component was persecuted under Dominican pressure.Joshua Starr, "The Mass Conversion of Jews in Southern Italy (1290–1293)" Speculum 21.2 (April 1946), pp. 203-211, Under the House of Bourbon, however, Trani recovered a certain splendour, thanks to the generally improved condition of Southern Italy economy and the construction of several magnificent buildings.
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Crimean Tatar khan, Mengli Giray at the court of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II The Muslims and Jews of al-Andalus contributed much to the rising power of the Ottoman Empire by introducing new ideas, methods and craftsmanship. The first printing press in Constantinople (now Istanbul) was established by the Sephardic Jews in 1493. It is reported that under Bayezid's reign, Jews enjoyed a period of cultural flourishing, with the presence of such scholars as the Talmudist and scientist Mordecai Comtino; astronomer and poet Solomon ben Elijah Sharbiṭ ha-Zahab; Shabbethai ben Malkiel Cohen, and the liturgical poet Menahem Tamar.
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A number of major figures such as Dunash Ben Labrat (poet, circa 920-990), Judah ben David Hayyuj (or Abu Zakariyya Yahya; grammarian, circa 945-1012), and the great Talmudist Isaac al-Fasi (1013-1103) were all born or spent time in Fez. Maimonides also lived in Fez from 1159 to 1165 after fleeing al-Andalus. This age of prosperity came to an end, however, with the advent of Almohad rule in Morocco and Spain. The Almohads, who officially followed the radical reformist ideology of Ibn Tumart, abolished the jizya and the status of dhimmi, enforcing repressive measures against non-Muslims and other reforms.
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His "Zikronot Tugah" (Sad Memories), in "Ha-Shiloah," vi. 405-416, is the story of a Talmudist who went into business, imitated the vices and extravagances of the rich, and, after being ruined by living above his means (a fault common to old-style Russian merchants), is a mental and physical wreck at fifty-five, with a devoted wife who did not share his pleasures but comforts him in his despair. In his silhouettes, "Ma'asim be-Kol Yom" (Every- Day Occurrences), which appeared in the "Aḥiasaf" calendar for 1901, he places before the reader memorable types and incidents. The best of them is probably "Ha-Shemu'ah" (The Report).
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Luzzatto's family tree. Luzzatto was born in Trieste on 22 August 1800 (Rosh Hodesh, 1 Elul, 5560), and died at Padua on 30 September 1865 (Yom Kippur, 10 Tishrei 5626). While still a boy, he entered the Talmud Torah of his native city, where besides Talmud, in which he was taught by Abraham Eliezer ha-Levi , chief rabbi of Trieste and a distinguished pilpulist, he studied ancient and modern languages and science under Mordechai de Cologna, Leon Vita Saraval, and Raphael Baruch Segré, whose son-in-law he later became. He studied the Hebrew language also at home, with his father, who, though a turner by trade, was an eminent Talmudist.
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Rav Adda bar Ahavah was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Babylonia, known as an amora of the second generation (third and fourth centuries), frequently quoted in both the Jerusalem Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud. He is said to have been born on the day that Rabbi Judah haNasi died.Babylonian Talmud Kiddushin 72a,b; Genesis Rabbah 63:2 He was a disciple of Rav, at whose funeral he rent his garments twice in mourning for the great scholar.Jerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia 3a; Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 42b-43a In Pumbedita, Rav Adda gathered about him many pupils, whom he taught sometimes in the public thoroughfares.
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Judah ben Joseph ibn Bulat was a Spanish Talmudist and rabbi; born at the end of the 15th century in Estella, Navarre; died probably in Istanbul about 1550. He was the author of Kelal Ḳaẓer mi-Kol ha-Rashum Beketab (Short Abstract of All That Has Been Published), containing a short compendium of rabbinic theology, Halakah, morals, ethics, jurisprudence, and political science. The book appeared in manuscript in Istanbul in 1530, and could be obtained from the author only for a limited time, on the payment of one florin as a fee for perusal. Besides, Bulat published the Talmud methodology Halikot 'Olam of Joshua ben Joseph (Constantinople, 1510).
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Rabbeinu Asher ben Meshullam was a Jewish theologian and Talmudic scholar who lived at Lunel in the second half of the 12th century CE.Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion - Page 74) A renowned Talmudist, he was a son of the well- known R' Meshullam ben Jacob (Rabbeinu Meshullam ha-Gadol), and a pupil of R' Joseph ibn Plat and the Raavad. He shared Raavad's ascetic tendencies. Benjamin of Tudela, in the first part of his "Travels," says that R' Asher lived in complete seclusion, wholly devoted to the study of the Torah, and that he never tasted meat. At the same time R' Asher was not hostile to philosophy.
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It was within this ambience that the young Colon received his Talmudic education, which was heavily imbued with the style, traditions and Talmudic methodology of medieval French Jewry. Chiefly, he studied under the tutelage of his father, Solomon Trabotto, a noted Talmudist and Kabbalist, though he referred to others as his teachers, and recalled participating in learned discussion with other local scholars. Colon left Chambéry in the early 1450s and settled in the Italian Piedmont, which had become part of the Duchy of Savoy. This move was the result of a combination of new opportunities on the other side of the Alps, combined with increasing anti-Judaism in Trans-Alpine Savoy.
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Rabbi Samuel ben Moses de Medina (abbreviated RaShDaM, or Maharashdam; 1505 - October 12, 1589), was a Talmudist and author from Thessaloniki. He was principal of the Talmudic college of that city, which produced a great number of prominent scholars during the 16th and 17th centuries. His teachers were the noted Talmudists Joseph Taitazak and Levi Ibn Chaviv, and among his schoolmates were Isaac Adarbi, Joseph ibn Leb, and Moses Almosnino. While on a mission to Constantinople he met the noted grammarian Menahem Lonzano, who studied under him for some time and who therefore speaks of him as his teacher (David Conforte, Kore ha-Dorot, ed.
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Rice was known throughout the United States and Germany as a learned Talmudist, and as the only ordained rabbi in the country he was asked to decide many questions of halacha. He was an uncompromising opponent of Reform, a frequent writer in Isaac Leeser's The Occident, and advocated establishing an American beth din to strengthen Jewish observance. In 1845 he established a Hebrew school, one of the earliest in the United States. In 1849, finding it impossible to resist the demand for reforms at Nidche Israel, he resigned his position, founded his own synagogue which was strictly Orthodox; to support himself he opened a dry goods store, and then a grocery.
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Aaron ben Joseph ha-Levi was a Spanish Talmudist and critic; a direct descendant of Zerahiah Ha-Levi, and probably, like him, a native of Girona, Spain; flourished at the end of the thirteenth century; died before 1303. About the middle of the thirteenth century he studied under Naḥmanides, at Girona, where he also met, as a fellow pupil, Solomon ben Adret, who later came to be his opponent. Aaron especially mentions among his teachers his brother Phinehas (who migrated later to Canet near Perpignan, after which place he is surnamed), and his nephew Isaac, the son of his brother Benveniste. His life appears to have been spent in Spain.
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The original manuscript was brought from Egypt by R. David Ashkenazi of Jerusalem, who, to judge from a note in his preface, gave it the title Ḳore ha-Dorot, and had it printed in Venice in 1746, without mentioning the name of the author. This poor edition has been critically reedited, and supplied with notes and index, by David Cassel (Berlin, 1846), who follows the pagination of the first edition. Conforte also wrote a volume of responsa, of the fate of which, however, nothing is known. Gabriel Conforto, a Turkish Talmudist who is mentioned in the responsa literature of the seventeenth century, was probably a son of David Conforte.
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David de Jahacob Lopez Cardozo (May 21, 1808 in Amsterdam – April 11, 1890 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch Talmudist and prominent communal worker. He was sent at an early age to the celebrated bet ha-midrash 'Etz Chayyim, studied under Rabbi Berenstein at The Hague, and received his diploma of "Morenu" in 1839. The same year he was appointed ab bet din of the Portuguese synagogue of Amsterdam, and in 1852 ab bet din and preacher of that synagogue, Aron Mendes Chumaceiro being made hakham, and Vaz Diaz and Montezinos dayyanim (civil judges) at the same time. He became dean of the intermediate classes of 'Etz Chayyim, which office he held for nearly half a century.
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He was the son of Elijah, the Vilna Gaon, the most famous Talmudist of modern times. He was educated under the supervision of his father, who was famous both for his opposition to both the Hasidic movement, and the dry scholasticism which dominated the rabbinic leadership of Poland at that time. According to the custom of the time, he married at the age of twelve, but continued his studies in the Talmudic colleges in other cities, and after a few years returned home, where he completed his studies under his father. Like his father, he never officiated as rabbi, but was a highly respected member of the Jewish community of Vilna, in which he held various offices.
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In this period, Ginsburg says, "...the imaginative and sentimental persons thought that the promised Messianic time was approaching; they regarded their great sufferings as the process of purgation, as the חבלי משיח, the eschatologic "birth-throes," of the Messianic era". These hopes "afforded the right person an excellent opportunity to create for the Jews a recognized central authority, spiritual—and perhaps, in time, political—in character. There is no doubt that the man for the purpose was Berab; he was the most important and honored Talmudist in the Orient, and was endowed with perseverance amounting to obstinacy." According to others, the purpose of Berab's plan was a resolution of certain halachic difficulties.
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Bernays was born in Weisenau (now part of Mainz). He was the son of Jacob Gera, a boarding house keeper at Mainz, and an elder brother of Adolphus Bernays. After having finished his studies at the University of Würzburg, in which city he had been also a disciple of the Talmudist Rabbi Abraham Bing, he went to Munich as private tutor in the house of Herr von Hirsch, and afterward lived at Mainz as a private scholar. In 1821 he was elected chief rabbi of the German-Jewish community in Hamburg, to fill a position where a man of strictly Orthodox views but of modern education was wanted as head of the congregation.
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Joseph Ber Soloveitchik ( Yosef Dov ha-Levi Soloveychik; February 27, 1903 – April 9, 1993) was a major American Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist, and modern Jewish philosopher. He was a scion of the Lithuanian Jewish Soloveitchik rabbinic dynasty. As a rosh yeshiva of Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary at Yeshiva University in New York City, The Rav (variantly spelled The Rov), as he came to be known (alternatively referred to as "Rov Yosheh Ber" by other rabbinic figures), ordained close to 2,000 rabbis over the course of almost half a century. He served as an advisor, guide, mentor, and role-model for tens of thousands of Jews, both as a Talmudic scholar and as a religious leader.
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Brafman claimed in his books The Local and Universal Jewish Brotherhoods (1868) and The Book of the Kahal (1869), published in Vilna, that the qahal continued to exist in secret and that it had as its principal aim undermining Christian entrepreneurs, taking over their property and ultimately seizing power. He also claimed that it was an international conspiratorial network, under the central control of the Alliance Israélite Universelle, which was based in Paris and then under the leadership of Adolphe Crémieux, a prominent freemason. The Vilna Talmudist, Jacob Barit, attempted to refute Brafman's claim. The impact of Brafman's work took on an international aspect when it was translated into English, French, German and other languages.
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Portrait of Isaac Hirsch Weiss, from 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia. Isaac (Isaak) Hirsch Weiss, also Eisik Hirsch Weiss () (February 9, 1815 – June 1, 1905), was an Austrian Talmudist and historian of literature born at Groß Meseritsch, Habsburg Moravia. After having received elementary instruction in Hebrew and Talmud in various chadorim of his native town, he entered, at the age of eight, the yeshiva of Moses Aaron Tichler (founded at Velké Meziříčí in 1822), where he studied Talmud for 5 years. He then studied at home under a tutor, and later in the yeshiva of Trebitsch, Moravia, under Ḥayyim Joseph Pollak, and in that of Eisenstadt, Hungary under Isaac Moses Perles, returning to his home town in 1837.
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The Soloveitchik family includes many significant rabbinical forebears, most notably Rabbi Simcha Rappaport, Rabbi Chaim Volozhiner, famed Talmudist and founder of the Volozhin yeshiva. Rabbi Chaim Volozhiner was a student of the Vilna Gaon, and thus some students of Brisk talk of a line of tradition extending "from Moses at Sinai, to Joshua, to the Elders ... to the Vilna Gaon, to Rabbi Chaim Volozhiner, and then to the Soloveitchik dynasty". The Soloveitchik dynasty began with Rabbi Yosef Dov Soloveitchik known as the Beis HaLevi, as he was the first rabbi of Brisk surnamed Soloveitchik. More significantly, the "Brisker style" described below can already be found to some degree in the Beis HaLevi's works, which is not the case for earlier ancestors.
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In the Middle Ages, combinatorics continued to be studied, largely outside of the European civilization. The Indian mathematician Mahāvīra (c. 850) provided formulae for the number of permutations and combinations, and these formulas may have been familiar to Indian mathematicians as early as the 6th century CE. The philosopher and astronomer Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra (c. 1140) established the symmetry of binomial coefficients, while a closed formula was obtained later by the talmudist and mathematician Levi ben Gerson (better known as Gersonides), in 1321.. (Translation from 1967 Russian ed.) The arithmetical triangle—a graphical diagram showing relationships among the binomial coefficients—was presented by mathematicians in treatises dating as far back as the 10th century, and would eventually become known as Pascal's triangle.
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Interior with Rebbe, Father and Son, author unknown, 19th century Dovid Halberstam was the second son of Chaim Halberstam or Divrei Chaim, the founder of the Sanz Hasidic dynasty of rebbes, which enjoyed enormous influence over the Hasidic Jewry in Western Galicia during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Raised in a family of enormous prestige, from childhood and early youth he was exposed to Talmudist, poskim and Kabbalistic disputes of his time, and was trained to be a religious leader. Like his older brother Yechezkel Halberstam he did not succeed his father in Sanz; the rabbinical position went to his younger brother Aharon Halberstam instead. Married twice, Halberstam had at least three sons, Moses, Joshua and Naftoli, and a number of grandsons.
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While being a strict Talmudist, and a believer in the Kabbalah, his studious habits and exceptional memory awakened in him an interest in the history of rabbinical literature. He accordingly began at an early age a compilation of passages in rabbinical literature in which dialectic authors had tried to solve questions that were based on chronological errors. This compilation, which he completed at age 16, he called העלם דבר (Some Oversights); it was never printed. Azulai's scholarship made him so famous that in 1755 he was chosen as meshulach, (emissary), an honor bestowed on such men only as were, by their learning, well fitted to represent the Holy Land in Europe, where the people looked upon a rabbi from the land of Israel as a model of learning and piety.
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Ginzberg was born into a religious family whose piety and erudition was well known. The family traced its lineage back to the revered talmudist, halachist, and kabbalist Gaon of Vilna. Ginzberg sought to emulate the Vilna Gaon's intermingling of 'academic knowledge' in Torah studies under the label 'historical Judaism'; for example, in his book Students, Scholars and Saints, Ginzberg quotes the Vilna Gaon instructing, "Do not regard the views of the Shulchan Aruch as binding if you think that they are not in agreement with those of the Talmud." He writes in his memoirs that he felt saddened that he had grieved his father, as he recognized that his pious father was disappointed that his son had chosen a more liberal path with regards to Jewish law in contrast to those of his forefathers.
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Rabbeinu Meshullam son of Jacob (or Meshullam HaKohen ben Ya'akov) also known as Rabbeinu Meshullam hagodol (Rabbi Meshullem the great) was a Franco-Jewish Talmudist of the twelfth century CE.Heinrich Graetz History of the Jews - Page 113 He led a Talmudic Yeshiva in Lunel which produced several famous scholars, and was an intimate friend of Abraham ben Isaac, Av beth din of Narbonne, who addressed to him several responsa, and spoke of him in high terms. His Talmudic decisions are quoted in Sefer ha-Terumot. He was interested also in philosophy. According to R' Yehudah ibn Tibbon, whom he encouraged to translate Bahya ibn Paquda's Al-Hidayah ila Fara'id al-Qulub (Chovot ha- Levavot) into Hebrew, he wrote several works dealing with moral philosophy, advised and assisted other Jewish writers, and possessed a large library.
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Isadore Twersky Isadore Twersky (born Yitzchak Asher Twersky, October 9, 1930 - October 12, 1997) was an Orthodox rabbi and Hasidic Rebbe, and university professor who held the position of the Nathan Littauer Professor of Hebrew Literature and Philosophy at Harvard University, a chair previously held by Harry Austryn Wolfson. Twersky was an internationally recognized authority on Rabbinic literature and Jewish philosophy. He was especially known as an international expert in the writings and influence of the 12th-century Jewish legalist and philosopher Maimonides, and Abraham ben David, the Rabad of Posquieres. His best-known works are, An Introduction to the Code of Maimonides (Mishneh Torah), and the more popular anthology, A Maimonides Reader, as well as Rabad of Posquieres: A Twelfth-Century Talmudist, which was based on his doctorate work.
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Firmly, though respectfully, he reproved Rabbi Israel Bruna, the foremost German talmudist of his time, for overstepping the bounds of his authority. Responsum No. 4, addressed to the congregation of Regensburg, is highly important. A number of Jews of that community having been falsely accused, and a sum of money having to be raised for their ransom, the surrounding places and neighboring communities refused to contribute, at least insofar as it was a question of paying a fixed tax instead of making voluntary contributions. Colon decided that the communities in question could not refuse to pay their share, since the same false accusation might be made against them also, and if the accused in this case were proved innocent and ransomed, they would then be safe from danger.
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After a week he was transferred to a forced labor camp, Gross- Rosen, then to AL Wolfsberg, and later to Mauthausen concentration camp and was the only member of his family to survive. When he arrived in the United States at the age of 18, he was placed in a Jewish orphanage where he created a stir by challenging the kashrut of the institution since the supervising rabbi did not have a beard and, more importantly, was not fluent in the commentaries of the Pri Megadim by Rabbi Yoseph Te'omim. This was a standard for Rabbis in Europe. A social worker introduced him to Saul Lieberman, a leading Talmudist at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS) in New York, who recognized his brilliance and took him under his wing.
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The ethnographer, Jacob Saphir (1822–1886), in his 19th-century work Iben Safir, mentions the tradition of orthography found in the Halleli Codex of the Pentateuch, in which he laid down the most outstanding examples of plene and defective scriptum copied generation after generation by the scribes. (first printing Lyck 1866) The Catalan rabbi and Talmudist, Menachem Meiri (1249 – c. 1310), also brings down an exhaustive list of words in his Kiryat Sefer, showing which words are to be written by scribes in plene scriptum and which words are to be written in defective scriptum, based on the Masoretic Text. Rabbi Jedidiah Norzi (1560–1626) wrote a popular work on Hebrew orthography contained in the Five Books of Moses, and in the five Megillot, with examples of plene and defective writings, which was later named Minḥat Shai.
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Nonetheless, this method is utilized in many instances, for example: Deuteronomy 22:11 forbids the wearing of shaatnez (a specific mixture of wool and linen), while 22:12 commands the wearing of tzitzit. The juxtaposition of these two verses is used to teach that (in theory) the transgression of shaatnez is not violated when one wears a four-cornered linen garment bearing tzitzit of wool (the blue tekhelet string of tzitzit is only valid when made of wool).The Shaatnez Exception Juxtaposition through "exemplification" or משל has recently been described by Talmudist Daniel Boyarin as the sine qua non of Talmudic hermeneutics (Boyarin 2003: 93), for "until Solomon invented the mashal, no one could understand Torah at all" (Song of Songs Rabba). The phenomenon has been compared to the more recent phenomenon of sampling in modern popular music, especially hip-hop (Levy 2010).
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Joshua Zeitlin (1742 in Shklov, Belarus - August 18, 1822, in Kherson, Novorossiya) was a Russian rabbinical scholar and philanthropist. He was a pupil of the Talmudist Rabbi Aryeh Leib ben Asher Gunzberg who was the author of Sha'agat Aryeh; and, being an expert in political economy, he maintained close relations with Prince Potemkin, the favorite of Catherine II. During the Turko-Russian war, Zeitlin furnished the Russian army with various supplies, and managed that business so cleverly that he was afterward appointed imperial court councilor. On retiring from business in the civil rank of Court Counsellor, Zeitlin resided on his estate Ustzia, where he was occasionally consulted by rabbis with regard to rabbinical questions. He rendered pecuniary assistance to many Talmudists and scholars, and supported a magnificent beit midrash, in which many Jewish scholars were provided with all of life's necessities, so that they could pursue their vocations without worries of any kind.
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An alternative triennial cycle of Torah readings also existed at that time, a system whereby each week the portion read was approximately a third of the current. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, the triennial cycle "was the practice in Palestine, whereas in Babylonia the entire Pentateuch was read in the synagogue in the course of a single year.", citing Megillah 29b. As late as 1170 Benjamin of Tudela mentioned Egyptian congregations that took three years to read the Torah.. Joseph Jacobs, in the Jewish Encyclopedia article mentioned, notes that the transition from the triennial to the annual reading of the Law and the transference of the beginning of the cycle to the month of Tishri are attributed by Sándor Büchler to the influence of Abba Arika, also known as "Rab" or "Rav" (175–247 CE), a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Babylonia, and who established at Sura the systematic study of the rabbinic traditions, which, using the Mishnah as text, led to the compilation of the Talmud: The current practice in Orthodox synagogues follows the annual/Babylonian cycle.
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Marc B. Shapiro ( Rabbi Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman) known as the Vilna Gaon (, , ) or Elijah of Vilna, or by his Hebrew acronym HaGra ("HaGaon Rabbenu Eliyahu": "The sage, our teacher, Elijah") or Elijah Ben Solomon Zalman (Sialiec, April 23, 1720Vilnius October 9, 1797), was a Talmudist, halakhist, kabbalist, and the foremost leader of misnagdic (non-hasidic) Jewry of the past few centuries. He is commonly referred to in Hebrew as ha-Gaon he-Chasid mi-Vilna, "the pious genius from Vilnius". Through his annotations and emendations of Talmudic and other texts, he became one of the most familiar and influential figures in rabbinic study since the Middle Ages, counted by many among the sages known as the Acharonim, and ranked by some with the even more revered Rishonim of the Middle Ages. Large groups of people, including many yeshivas, uphold the set of Jewish customs and rites (minhag), the "minhag ha-Gra", which is named for him, and which is also considered by many to be the prevailing Ashkenazi minhag in Jerusalem.
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Finally, the agitation for and against the liberal ideas brought about a schism in the entire Jewish population in southern France and Spain. Encouraged, however, by letters signed by the rabbis of Argentière and Lunel, and particularly by the support of Kalonymus ben Todros, the nasi of Narbonne, and of the eminent Talmudist Asheri of Toledo, Ben Adret issued a decree, signed by thirty-three rabbis of Barcelona, excommunicating those who should, within the next fifty years, study physics or metaphysics before their thirtieth year of age (basing his action on the principle laid down by Maimonides, Guide for the Perplexed part one chapter 34), and had the order promulgated in the synagogue on Sabbath, July 26, 1305. When this heresy- decree, to be made effective, was forwarded to other congregations for approval, the friends of liberal thought, under the leadership of the Tibbonites, issued a counter-ban, and the conflict threatened to assume a serious character, as blind party zeal (this time on the liberal side) did not shrink from asking the civil powers to intervene. But an unlooked-for calamity brought the warfare to an end.
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On the back of this fortune as a philanthropist, Ezekiel Judah established the first synagogue in Calcutta, known as Neveh Shalom in Hebrew, which translates as the Abode of Peace, in 1825. He co-founded the second synagogue Beth-El, in 1856 with David Joseph Ezra. Ezekiel Judah and the Judah family are described in the epic travelogue of the Ashkenazi Jewish writer J. J. Benjamin. Describing the community of Calcutta, using the term then in use amongst Mizrahi Jews to refer to a rabbi, he wrote, “they are all well educated, but have no appointed Chachamim; one of the richest commercial men of the town Ezekiel Jehuda Jacob Sliman, a very enlightened man and an excellent talmudist, performs the duties of the Chacham.” J. J. Benjamin described his visit to Singapore that the elders of the small community there were the sons of Ezekiel Judah. Ezekiel Judah’s enlightened views can be seen in his view towards the Bene Israel, whom many other Baghdadi Jews sought to separate from and exclude from their synagogues on account of their darker skin and being native to India.
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