I'm using the 1 subscript for the position and velocity at the top of the drop, and the 3 subscript for the bottom.
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She is as small and subtle and gentle as a subscript.
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Let me show you with an equation, where the b subscript represents the position of the ball: Look familiar?
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I labeled the force as Fc-b, where the subscript indicates the force that the cart exerts on the ball.
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For now, this means tracking, leading and scaling, as well as formatting options like all caps, small caps, superscript and subscript.
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The 'emr' subscript highlights that the variability of the coupon created by the embedded market risk is excluded from the rating assigned to the note.
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These shortcuts can save you a lot of typing if, for example, you replace "1/4" with a proper fraction symbol, complete with superscript and subscript formatting.
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Because the cart moves at constant speed (with an acceleration of zero), I can write the equation of motion as: The subscript c2 represents the final position of the cart.
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Fitch appends a subscript (emr) to its market-linked note ratings to highlight the variability of the coupon created by the embedded market risk and is excluded from the rating assigned to the note.
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For example, prostaglandin E1 is abbreviated PGE1 or PGE1, and prostaglandin I2 is abbreviated PGI2 or PGI2. The number is traditionally subscripted when the context allows; but, as with many similar subscript-containing nomenclatures, the subscript is simply forgone in many database fields that can store only plain text (such as PubMed bibliographic fields), and readers are used to seeing and writing it without subscript.
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The subscript position under a radical is for the consonants /ja/, /ra/, /la/, and /wa/.
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Unicode defines subscript and superscript characters in several areas; in particular, it has a full set of superscript and subscript digits. Owing to the popularity of using these characters to make fractions, most modern fonts render most or all of these as cap height superscripts and baseline subscripts. The same font may align letters and numbers in different ways. Other than numbers, the set of super- and subscript letters and other symbols is incomplete and somewhat random, and many fonts do not contain them.
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If the Benchmark score is determined by one of these chemicals, the Benchmark score will include a subscript of CHoC.
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Subscript a or b means that the relevant unstressed vowel is also reduced to or in AmE or BrE, respectively.
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Culps notation anticipated Scienceman's (1997) later maxim that all energy should be specified as form energy with the appropriate subscript.
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Note that the complement of the helix angle is usually given for helical gears. ; Pitch diameter, d_w : Same as described earlier in this list. Note that for a worm it is still measured in a plane perpendicular to the gear axis, not a tilted plane. Subscript w denotes the worm, subscript g denotes the gear.
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We can measure the effect that relative nonlinearity has on coexistence using an invasion analysis. To do this, we set one species' density to 0 (we call this the invader, with subscript i), and allow the other species (the resident, with subscript r) is at a long-term steady state (e.g., a limit cycle).
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Because each position is used in different contexts, not all alphanumerics may be available in all positions. For example, subscript letters on the baseline are quite rare, and many typefaces provide only a limited number of superscripted letters. Despite these differences, all reduced-size glyphs go by the same generic terms subscript and superscript, which are synonymous with the terms inferior letter (or number) and superior letter (or number), respectively. Most fonts that contain superscript/subscript will have predetermined size and orientation that is dependent on the design of the font.
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The coinvariant terminology and notation are used particularly in group cohomology and group homology, which use the same superscript/subscript convention.
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The subscript \pm of the insertion or deletion operators indicates whether symmetrization (for bosons) or anti-symmetrization (for fermions) is implemented.
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When the letter A is falling (i.e. a subscript), h_A assigns to an object X the morphisms from X into A .
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However, consonant clusters were separated with echo vowels: the city of Knossos is written as if it were Konoso (Linear B: , ko-no-so). In Ainu, some writers write final /r/ with a subscript kana for ra, re, ri, ro or ru, depending on the preceding vowel, but others use a subscript ru in all cases.
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Below are the accented characters provided in Unicode. In the uppercase letters, the iota adscript may appear as subscript depending on font.
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Next to a capital, the iota subscript is usually written as a lower-case letter (Αι), in which case it is called iota adscript ().
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Henceforth, we shall drop the subscript \rho from the min- entropy when it is obvious from the context on what state it is evaluated.
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In all cases, the film listed is a work of Legendary Pictures, unless the film's name is followed by a subscript "E", indicating that Legendary East is the production company or a subscript "D", indicating that Legendary Digital Media is the production company. The box office column reflects the worldwide gross for the theatrical release of the film in United States dollars, not adjusted for inflation.
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At the beginning of the 20th century (official since the 1960s), the grave was replaced by the acute, and the iota subscript and the breathings on the rho were abolished, except in printed texts. Greek typewriters from that era did not have keys for the grave accent or the iota subscript, and these diacritics were also not taught in primary schools where instruction was in Demotic Greek.
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External arguments of Misiurewicz points, measured in turns are : where: a and b are positive integers and b is odd, subscript number shows base of numeral system.
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The difference between superscript/subscript and numerator/denominator glyphs. In many popular fonts the Unicode "superscript" and "subscript" characters are actually numerator and denominator glyphs. Unicode has subscripted and superscripted versions of a number of characters including a full set of Arabic numerals. These characters allow any polynomial, chemical and certain other equations to be represented in plain text without using any form of markup like HTML or TeX.
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In some literature, a subscript double tilde (≈) is sometimes used, as seen here on the letter (): 25px It has been accepted into Unicode, at code point U+1DFD.
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As noted above, temperature and wavelength are frequently reported as a superscript and subscript, respectively, while the solvent is reported parenthetically, or omitted if it happens to be water.
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The variable ^Car("Door") could have a nested variable subscript of "Color" for example. Thus, you could say SET ^Car("Door","Color")="BLUE" to modify a nested child node of ^Car. In MUMPS terms, "Color" is the 2nd subscript of the variable ^Car (both the names of the child-nodes and the child-nodes themselves are likewise called subscripts). Hierarchical variables are similar to objects with properties in many object oriented languages.
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The letter bâ represents only before a vowel. When final or followed by a subscript consonant, it is pronounced (and in the case where it is followed by a subscript consonant, it is also romanized as p in the UN system). For modification to p by means of a diacritic, see Supplementary consonants. The letter, which represented /p/ in Indic scripts, also often maintains the sound in certain words borrowed from Sanskrit and Pali.
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Here the vowel is not a itself, but another vowel (au) which contains the cane-like stroke of that vowel as a graphical element. : លា léa An example of the vowel a forming a connection with the serif of a consonant. : ផ្បា phba Subscript consonants with ascending strokes above the baseline also form ligatures with the vowel symbol. : ម្សៅ msau Another example of a subscript consonant forming a ligature, this time with the vowel .
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Sometimes just called "circular pitch". p_n=p\cos(\psi) Several other helix parameters can be viewed either in the normal or transverse planes. The subscript n usually indicates the normal.
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The array subscript notation can also be used to access elements of lists. For example, the `nth/3` predicate can be defined as follows: nth(I,L,E) :- E @= L[I].
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For example, Ra fails to distinguish between two surfaces where one is composed of peaks on an otherwise smooth surface and the other is composed of troughs of the same amplitude. Such tools can be found in app format. By convention every 2D roughness parameter is a capital R followed by additional characters in the subscript. The subscript identifies the formula that was used, and the R means that the formula was applied to a 2D roughness profile.
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Symbols for elements and variables that are part of the model magnetic circuit may be written with a subscript of M. For example, C_M would be a capacitor in the model circuit.
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Base and subscript consonants have different encodings because words such as and are different in both appearance and sound. Subscript consonants are encoded as a sequence of 2 characters. The second is the base character and the first is the special character U+1A60 TAI THAM SIGN SAKOT. If a consonant has two subscript forms and the choice affects the meaning, the form typically used for syllable-final consonants will be encoded with SAKOT, and the other form will have its own code point. There are 7 consonants which have different subscript forms in this way, namely RA, LA, BA, HIGH SA, MA, HIGH RATA, and LOW PA. () is encoded as but () is encoded as () is encoded as but () is encoded as .
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OpenType features include small caps, case forms, ligatures, special ligatures, alternates, stylistic sets, swashes, caps figures, oldstyle figures, tabular figures, fractions, superscript/subscript, superior/inferior figures, ordinals/superior letters and figures, and ornaments.
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A subscript in a different handwriting at the bottom of the papyrus reads "make it happen" (), undoubtedly the autograph of the queen, as it was Ptolemaic practice to countersign documents to avoid forgery.
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A MITL formula is an MTL formula, such that each set of reals used in subscript are intervals, which are not singletons, and whose bounds are either a natural number or are infinite.
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An advanced or fronted sound is one that is pronounced farther to the front of the vocal tract than some reference point. The diacritic for this in the IPA is the subscript plus, . Conversely, a retracted or backed sound is one that is pronounced farther to the back of the vocal tract, and its IPA diacritic is the subscript minus . When there is no room for the sign under a letter, it may be written after, using: as in , or as in .
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The Sharp PC-E220 uses an 8-bit character set where the lower half resembles ASCII and the upper half contains various Greek letters, super- and subscript digits as well as various mathematical symbols.
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"in the meantime"; "thank God!"), and the old spellings with in subjunctive verbs have been analogically replaced by those of the indicatives with (e.g. → ). In the monotonic standard orthography, subscript iota is not used.
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This diagram shows the gas- relative and shock-relative velocities used for the theoretical moving shock equations. To derive the theoretical equations for a moving shock, one may start by denoting the region in front of the shock as subscript 1, with the subscript 2 defining the region behind the shock. This is shown in the figure, with the shock wave propagating to the right. The velocity of the gas is denoted by u, pressure by p, and the local speed of sound by a.
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The notation is mainly the same as in the IEC standard 61000-4-21.IEC 61000-4-21: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-21: Testing and measurement techniques - Reverberation chamber test methods, Ed. 2.0, January, 2011. () For statistic quantities like mean and maximal values, a more explicit notation is used in order to emphasize the used domain. Here, spatial domain (subscript s) means that quantities are taken for different chamber positions, and ensemble domain (subscript e) refers to different boundary or excitation conditions (e.g.
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This is an expanded version of Frutiger Next W1G. It added Greek (from Frutiger Next Greek) and Cyrillic character sets, but advertised OpenType features were reduced to superscript and subscript. Only an OpenType version has been produced.
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Letters can be stacked, sometimes with special subscript forms, similar to 'ຼ' which was used in Tai Noi and also in modern Lao as the subscript version of 'ຣ' /r/ or 'ລ' /l/ as in . Letters also are more circular or rouded than the typically angled style of Khmer.ธวัช ปุณโณทก (Punnothek, T.) อักษรโบราณอีสาน: อักขรวิทยาอักษรตัวธรรมและไทยน้อย. กรุงเทพฯ: สยามเพรส แมเนจเม้นท์, ๒๕๔๐, ๕๔ As the name suggests, its use in Lao was restricted to religious literature, either used to transcribe Pali, or religious treatises written in Lao intended solely for the clergy.
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The iota subscript is today considered an obligatory feature in the spelling of ancient Greek, but its usage is subject to some variation. In some modern editions of classical texts, the original pronunciation of long diphthongs is represented by the use of iota adscript, with accents and breathing marks placed on the first vowel. The same is generally true for works dealing with epigraphy, paleography or other philological contexts where adherence to original historical spellings and linguistic correctness is considered important. Different conventions exist for the treatment of subscript/adscript iota with uppercase letters.
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In engineering, double-subscript notation is notation used to indicate some variable between two points (each point being represented by one of the subscripts). In electronics, the notation is usually used to indicate the direction of current or voltage, while in mechanical engineering it is sometimes used to describe the force or stress between two points, and sometimes even a component that spans between two points (like a beam on a bridge or truss). Note that, although there are many cases where multiple subscripts are used, they are not necessarily called double subscript notation specifically.
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Euler's notation uses a differential operator D, which is applied to a function f to give the first derivative Df. The nth derivative is denoted D^nf. If is a dependent variable, then often the subscript x is attached to the D to clarify the independent variable x. Euler's notation is then written :D_x y or D_x f(x), although this subscript is often omitted when the variable x is understood, for instance when this is the only independent variable present in the expression. Euler's notation is useful for stating and solving linear differential equations.
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Modern Gurmukhī has thirty-five original letters, hence its common alternative term paintī or "the thirty-five," plus six additional consonants, nine vowel diacritics, two diacritics for nasal sounds, one diacritic that geminates consonants and three subscript characters.
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32, 1015–1022 Each measurement is taken at three points along the reduced edge (denoted here by subscript) and t/T ratios are calculated and averaged to produce the artefact's GIUR value. This value increases proportionally to the amount of reduction.
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The family includes font weights with complementary italics. OpenType features include case forms, ligatures, special ligatures, alternates, swashes, caps figures, oldstyle figures, semi oldstyle figures, tabular figures, fractions, superscript/subscript, superior/inferior figures, ordinals/superior letters and figures, and ornaments.
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It is a version Zapfino Extra with support of Greek and Cyrillic characters. The family includes Zapfino Extra Paneuropean W1G One font. OpenType features include access all alternates, fractions, standard ligatures, localized forms, ordinals, scientific inferiors, superscript/subscript, discretionary ligatures.
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One unique aspect of the Tibetan script is that the consonants can be written either as radicals or they can be written in other forms, such as subscript and superscript forming consonant clusters. To understand how this works, one can look at the radical /ka/ and see what happens when it becomes /kra/ or /rka/. In both cases, the symbol for /ka/ is used, but when the /ra/ is in the middle of the consonant and vowel, it is added as a subscript. On the other hand, when the /ra/ comes before the consonant and vowel, it is added as a superscript.
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The portrait of Saint John is defaced. The nomina sacra are contracted in a usual way.Kenneth W. Clark, A Descriptive Catalogue of Greek New Testament Manuscripts in America (Chicago, 1937), p. 301\. ; Errors There are no signs of iota adscript or iota subscript.
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The only difference is that instead of the subscript number used today (e.g., H2O), Berzelius used a superscript (H2O). Berzelius is credited with identifying the chemical elements silicon, selenium, thorium, and cerium. Students working in Berzelius's laboratory also discovered lithium and vanadium.
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The 280ZX was the first time the "by Nissan" subscript was badged alongside the Datsun logo, along with Nissan trucks. The 280ZX was Motor Trend's import car of the year for 1979. The 280ZX was replaced by the Nissan 300ZX in 1984.
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In a MUMPS context, this means that there is no requirement for sequential nodes to exist — `A(1), A(99)` and `A(100)` may be used without defining, allocating space for, or using any space for nodes 2 through 98. Indeed, one can even use floating-point numbers and strings (`A(1.2)`, `A(3.3)`, `A("foo")`, etc.), where the subscript names have some meaning external to the program. The access function `$ORDER ( A(1.2) )` returns the next defined key or subscript value, 3.3 in this example, so the program can readily manage the data. Subscripts are always returned (and usually stored) in sorted order.
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For the purpose of dictionary orderingDifferent dictionaries use slightly different orderings; the system presented here is that used in the official Cambodian Dictionary, as described by Huffman (1970), p. 305. of words, main consonants, subscript consonants and dependent vowels are all significant; and when they appear in combination, they are considered in the order in which they would be spoken (main consonant, subscript, vowel). The order of the consonants and of the dependent vowels is the order in which they appear in the above tables. A syllable written without any dependent vowel is treated as if it contained a vowel character that precedes all the visible dependent vowels.
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Concerning this debate, see Sag et al. (1985) and Osborne (2006). Most theories of syntax agree that gapping is involved in the following cases. A subscript and a smaller font are used to indicate the "gapped" material: ::[Brent ate the beans], and [Bill ate the rice].
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Note that the formulas for the action of X, Y, and H do not depend on m; the subscript in the formulas merely indicates that we are restricting the action of the indicated operators to the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree m in z_1 and z_2.
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Within this group, there are many different variations. Each is notated with V and then a subscript indicating the number of glucose units per turn. The most common is the V6 form, which has six glucose units a turn. V8 and possibly V7 forms exist as well.
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In general, the zero element of a ring is unique, and typically denoted as 0 without any subscript to indicate the parent ring. Hence the examples above represent zero matrices over any ring. The zero matrix also represents the linear transformation which sends all vectors to the zero vector.
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Through the use of Unicode's small capitals, small-form punctuation, and subscript and superscript phonetic modifiers, text can be created that is smaller than the inline text. This is generally only necessary for applications that only support one-size plain text, since HTML and CSS support different text sizes.
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The top of the character would overhang the slug, forming a kern which was less fragile than the normal kerns of foundry type, as it was on a slab of cast metal. This technique had been in previous use on Monotype machines, usually involving double-height matrices, to allow the automatic setting of "advertising figures" (numbers that occupy two or more lines, usually to clearly indicate a price in an advertisement set in small type). This meant that the same matrix could be used for both superscript and subscript numbers. More importantly, it allowed a variable or other item to have both a superscript and a subscript at the same time, one above the other, without inordinate difficulty.
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This usage follows from design choices embedded in many influential programming languages, including C, Java, and Lisp. In these three, sequence types (C arrays, Java arrays and lists, and Lisp lists and vectors) are indexed beginning with the zero subscript. Particularly in C, where arrays are closely tied to pointer arithmetic, this makes for a simpler implementation: the subscript refers to an offset from the starting position of an array, so the first element has an offset of zero. Referencing memory by an address and an offset is represented directly in computer hardware on virtually all computer architectures, so this design detail in C makes compilation easier, at the cost of some human factors.
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Adscript (from Latin , "on" or "to", and , "to write") means something written after, as opposed to subscript which means written under. A laborer was called an "adscript of the soil" () when he could be sold or transferred with the land, as under feudal villeinage and with serfdom in the Russian Empire until 1861.
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It is a re-proportioned version designed by Rod McDonald, released in March 2008 by International Typeface Corporation. The original release includes 5 fonts in 5 weights. OpenType features include fractions, ligatures, ordinals, stylistic alternates and subscript/superscript. Italic versions of the fonts were introduced with release of ITC Handel Gothic Pro.
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The same scribe wrote all four Gospels. There are breathings and accents used in regular form, but in some sort of system. There is not found iota subscript, iota adscriptum occurs very often (especially in Mark).Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, Adversaria Critica Sacra: With a Short Explanatory Introduction (Cambridge, 1893), p. XIX.
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India Subscript textcensus, Samthar had a population of 20,227. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Samthar has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 66%, and female literacy is 43%. In Samthar, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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In the URW version, there are also Greek, Cyrillic, subscript and superscript, box drawing characters. The family has 16 fonts in five weights and three widths, with condensed fonts on regular and heavy weights; extended fonts on regular and black weights; complementary oblique fonts on black, bold, heavy, heavy condensed, medium, regular, regular condensed.
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These exclusive shows plus those from the PBS block would total seven hours of original programming. At this time, PBS planned on adding one or two new series per year. The network was to be fee-based, allowing those stations that subscript to place the network's exclusive programs on their analog channel if they order.
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The codex contains lessons from the Gospels and Epistles lectionary (Evangelistarium, Apostolarium). The text is written in Greek uncial letters, on 198 parchment leaves (), in three columns per page, 27 lines.Handschriftenliste at the INTF It has breathing and accents, sign of interrogative; iota subscript, N ephelkystikon. The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way.
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The family include six font weights, with a bonus Ultra Light weight in the OpenType version. It supports ISO Adobe 2, Adobe CE, and Latin Extended characters. OpenType features include small caps, old style figures, superscript and subscript, ordinals, proportional lining figures, and case forms. Font names are no longer numbered with the Frutiger system.
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The design of the locomotives was derived from the Class VIII V1 express engines. As passenger locomotives the VIII V2 were given smaller coupled wheelsets, however. To distinguish them from the express engines, the new machines were give annotated with the subscript "2". Between 1896 and 1902 118 locomotives were placed in service by the Royal Saxon State Railways.
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An F1 Hybrid (also known as filial 1 hybrid) is the first filial generation of offspring of distinctly different parental types. F1 hybrids are used in genetics, and in selective breeding, where it may appear as F1 crossbreed. The term is sometimes written with a subscript, as F1 hybrid. Subsequent generations are called F2, F3, etc.
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The German subscript at the bottom of the stamp was also altered from 'Deutsches Reich' (German Empire) to 'Futsches Reich' (ruined empire). These stamps were known as the "Death Head" and were usually placed in the letter with other subversive materials. The letters were arranged in Reichspost bags that the OSS had forged to resemble the original bags.
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In the second volume, subscript numbers were added, some early symbols were modified (e.g. what was initially D1 became D01, D2 became D02, etc.), and the categories modified (types I, K,S added). In the third volume, the class I was renamed J. Later designations began to use a lower case letter in subscripts as well.
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The text is written one column per page, 26–31 lines per page, in a very minute hand. The large initial letters are decorated and in colours, the small initials are in red. It has decorated headpieces before each biblical book. The iota subscript is found twice only, and the error of itacism is quite rare.
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A one-dimensional array (or single dimension array) is a type of linear array. Accessing its elements involves a single subscript which can either represent a row or column index. As an example consider the C declaration `int anArrayName[10];` which declares a one-dimensional array of ten integers. Here, the array can store ten elements of type `int` .
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There are many named subsystems of second-order arithmetic. A subscript 0 in the name of a subsystem indicates that it includes only a restricted portion of the full second-order induction scheme (Friedman 1976). Such a restriction lowers the proof-theoretic strength of the system significantly. For example, the system ACA0 described below is equiconsistent with Peano arithmetic.
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It is a version of Neue Frutiger compliant with the German standard DIN 1450, designed by Akira Kobayashi. The family includes eight fonts, in four weights (book, regular, medium, bold) and one width, with a complementary oblique. OpenType features include denominator/numerator, fractions, ligatures, localized forms, ordinals, proportional figures, subscript/superscript, scientific inferiors, stylistic alternates (two sets), ornaments, kerning.
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The music was composed by the music team Zizz Studio. The original title uses the kanji , which means "virgin", but is very close to the word for "young lady", shōjo. The creators added furigana subscript to indicate they wanted it read "otome" meaning "young maiden". Additionally, furigana was added above to indicate that they wanted it read "boku".
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DG - Data gaps: Strict guidelines limit the amount of data gaps. Where there are data gaps, the assessment includes a worst case scenario to determine the lowest possible Benchmark score if the data gap were filled with the highest possible hazard. These Benchmarks include a subscript of DG. A chemical that has too many data gaps receives a Benchmark U. TP - Transformation Products: The assessment also must identify feasible and relevant environmental transformation products and benchmark them. If the Benchmark score is determined by the transformation products, the Benchmark score will include a subscript of TP. CoHC - Chemicals of High Concern (polymer residuals & catalysts): Version 1.4 of the GreenScreen added special rules for benchmarking polymers which include analysis of residual monomers and/or catalysts present at or above 100 ppm.
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Therefore, the time to compute the completion of a given partial order is . As observe, the problem of listing all cuts in a partially ordered set can be formulated as a special case of a simpler problem, of listing all maximal antichains in a different partially ordered set. If is any partially ordered set, let be a partial order whose elements contain two copies of : for each element of , contains two elements and , with if and only if and . Then the cuts in correspond one-for-one with the maximal antichains in : the elements in the lower set of a cut correspond to the elements with subscript 0 in an antichain, and the elements in the upper set of a cut correspond to the elements with subscript 1 in an antichain.
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Iota subscripts in the word , ("ode", dative) The iota subscript is a diacritic mark in the Greek alphabet shaped like a small vertical stroke or miniature iota placed below the letter. It can occur with the vowel letters eta , omega , and alpha . It represents the former presence of an offglide after the vowel, forming a so‐called "long diphthong". Such diphthongs (i.e.
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The VT50 series also included an alternate character set, graphics mode, that could be switched in and out while in text mode. These were used to provide additional glyphs useful for labeling and similar tasks. Among the characters were subscript 0 through 9 and the upper part of fractions 1/, 2/, 3/, 5/ and 7/. These could be combined to form, for instance, .
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When it is odd, the parity of the term symbol is indicated by a superscript letter "o", otherwise it is omitted: :2P has odd parity, but 3P0 has even parity. Alternatively, parity may be indicated with a subscript letter "g" or "u", standing for gerade (German for "even") or ungerade ("odd"): :2P½,u for odd parity, and 3P0,g for even.
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Presburger arithmetic can be extended to include multiplication by constants, since multiplication is repeated addition. Most array subscript calculations then fall within the region of decidable problems. This approach is the basis of at least five proof-of-correctness systems for computer programs, beginning with the Stanford Pascal Verifier in the late 1970s and continuing through to Microsoft's Spec# system of 2005.
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VX is chiral at its phosphorus atom. The individual enantiomers are identified as SP-(−)-VX, and RP-(+)-VX (where the "P" subscript highlights that the chirality is at phosphorus). VX is produced via the transester process, which gives a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers. This entails a series of steps whereby phosphorus trichloride is methylated to produce methyl phosphonous dichloride.
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In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), palatalized consonants are marked by the modifier letter , a superscript version of the symbol for the palatal approximant . For instance, represents the palatalized form of the voiceless alveolar stop . Prior to 1989, a subscript diacritic () and several palatalized consonants were represented by curly-tailed variants in the IPA, e.g., for and for : see palatal hook.
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This wordlist was also published in J.D. Woods ed. (1879) without correction of the three typographical errors. Wyatt identifies certain vocabulary items with a subscript e or r as Encounter Bay or Rapid Bay words respectively. In 1923, Parkhouse republished Wyatt's paper in three separate wordlists designating them 'Adelaide', 'Encounter Bay', and 'Rapid Bay' with changed spellings, substituting u for Wyatt's oo.
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In HTML and Wiki syntax, subscript text is produced by putting it inside the tags `` and ``. Similarly, superscripts are produced with `` and ``. The exact size and position of the resulting characters will vary by font and browser, but are usually reduced to around 75% original size. Note that superscripts are usually placed too high for many typographic purposes.
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Meanwhile, geneticists and molecular biologists have characterised five genes that appear to encode muscarinic receptors, named m1-m5 (lowercase m; no subscript number). The first four code for pharmacologic types M1-M4. The fifth, M5, corresponds to a subtype of receptor that had until recently not been detected pharmacologically. The receptors m1 and m2 were determined based upon partial sequencing of M1 and M2 receptor proteins.
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Although isotopes are more relevant to nuclear chemistry or stable isotope chemistry than to conventional chemistry, different isotopes may be indicated with a prefixed superscript in a chemical formula. For example, the phosphate ion containing radioactive phosphorus-32 is [32PO4]3−. Also a study involving stable isotope ratios might include the molecule 18O16O. A left-hand subscript is sometimes used redundantly to indicate the atomic number.
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Alpers (1981) 149-260 This work sought to counter the hyperatticist doctrine favoured by some contemporary lexicographers, who were inspired by the works of the 2nd-century grammarian Phrynichus. Oros' work was influential in the later Byzantine lexicographical tradition. The codex Messinensis graecus 118 contains a fragment of a work on orthography concerning the use of the iota subscript. This is sometimes styled the Lexicon Messanense.
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For example, a single byte can have values ranging from 00000000 to 11111111 in binary form, which can be conveniently represented as 00 to FF in hexadecimal. In mathematics, a subscript is typically used to specify the base. For example, the decimal value would be expressed in hexadecimal as . In programming, a number of notations are used to denote hexadecimal numbers, usually involving a prefix or suffix.
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As a phonological phenomenon, the original diphthongs denoted by are traditionally called "long diphthongs".; They existed in the Greek language up into the classical period. From the classical period onwards, they changed to simple vowels (monophthongs), but sometimes continued to be written as diphthongs. In the medieval period, these spellings were replaced by spellings with an iota subscript, to mark former diphthongs which were no longer pronounced.
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In order to define which atoms are above and below the plane one must orient the molecule so that the atoms are numbered clockwise when looking from the top. Atoms above the plane are prefixed as a superscript and atoms below the plane are suffixed as a subscript. If the ring oxygen is above or below the plane it must be prefixed or suffixed appropriately.
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By convention, the Julian year is used in the computation of the distance covered by a light-year. In the Unified Code for Units of Measure, the symbol a (without subscript) always refers to the Julian year, aj, of exactly seconds. :365.25 d × s = 1 a = 1 aj = Ms The SI multiplier prefixes may be applied to it to form ka (kiloannus), Ma (megaannus), etc.
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Several advanced features of OpenType typefaces are support for professionally designed subscript and superscript glyphs. Exactly which glyphs are included varies by typeface; some have only basic support for numerals, while others contain a full set of letters, numerals, and punctuation. They can be available via activating `subs` or `sups` feature tag. These feature tags can be turned on if software environment support optional features.
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The subscript "n" denotes the degree of polymerisation, that is, the number of units linked together. The molecular mass of the repeat unit, MR, is simply the sum of the atomic masses of the atoms within the repeat unit. The molecular mass of the chain is just the product nMR. Other than monodisperse polymers, there is normally a molar mass distribution caused by chains of different length.
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Assume that a curve (reflectance or absorption curve or backscattered waveform) is displayed in Cartesian coordinates with the abscissa displaying the wavelength λ or time lapse t and the ordinate displaying the reflectance ρ or the backscattered power p. Let the subscript LP denote the left pivot (located in a shorter wavelength for the spectral curve and earlier temporal reference point for the waveform) and subscript RP denote the right pivot (located in a longer wavelength for the spectral curve and later temporal reference point for the waveform). Let λLP and λRP be the wavelength locations observed at the left and right pivots for a reflectance data, respectively, where left (right) indicates a shorter (longer) wavelength. Let tLP and tRP be the time value observed at the left and right pivots for a waveform data, respectively, where left (right) indicates an earlier (later) time.
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An improvement over 1-series airfoils with emphasis on maximizing laminar flow. The airfoil is described using six digits in the following sequence: # The number "6" indicating the series. # One digit describing the distance of the minimum pressure area in tenths of the chord. # The subscript digit gives the range of lift coefficient in tenths above and below the design lift coefficient in which favorable pressure gradients exist on both surfaces.
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OU Puppis (OU Pup) is a class A0 (white main-sequence) star in the constellation Puppis. Its apparent magnitude is 4.87 and it is approximately 184.4 light years away based on parallax. It is an α² CVn variable, ranging from 4.93 to 4.86 magnitude with a period of 0.92 days. Unlike the majority of star pairs, the number attached to the Bayer designation 'L' is generally a subscript: L1.
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The word "general" in front of a group name usually means that the group is allowed to multiply some sort of form by a constant, rather than leaving it fixed. The subscript n usually indicates the dimension of the module on which the group is acting; it is a vector space if R = F. Caveat: this notation clashes somewhat with the n of Dynkin diagrams, which is the rank.
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The Orbit Database (MPCORB) of the Minor Planet Center (MPC) uses the "packed form" to refer to all provisionally designated minor planets. The idiosyncrasy found in the new-style provisional designations, no longer exists in this packed-notation system, as the second letter is now listed after the subscript number, or its equivalent 2-digit code. For an introduction on provisional minor planet designations in the "un-packed" form, see .
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When x is 1, the function is called the sigma function or sum-of-divisors function, and the subscript is often omitted, so σ(n) is the same as σ1(n) (). The aliquot sum s(n) of n is the sum of the proper divisors (that is, the divisors excluding n itself, ), and equals σ1(n) − n; the aliquot sequence of n is formed by repeatedly applying the aliquot sum function.
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A symbol table must be organised in such a way that entries can be found as quickly as possible. Hash tables are usually used to organise a symbol table, where the keyword or identifier is 'hashed' to produce an array subscript. Collisions are inevitable in a hash table, and a common way of handling them is to store the synonym in the next available free space in the table.
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Words spelled with an independent vowel whose sound begins or follow after all words beginning with the consonants rô and lô respectively. Words spelled with a consonant modified by a diacritic follow words spelled with the same consonant and dependent vowel symbol but without the diacritic. However, words spelled with (a bâ converted to a p sound by a diacritic) follow all words with unmodified bâ (without diacritic and without subscript).
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The F1 fraction derives its name from the term "Fraction 1" and FO (written as a subscript letter "o", not "zero") derives its name from being the binding fraction for oligomycin, a type of naturally derived antibiotic that is able to inhibit the FO unit of ATP synthase. These functional regions consist of different protein subunits — refer to tables. This enzyme is used in synthesis of ATP through aerobic respiration.
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A graph that can be assigned a -edge-coloring is said to be -edge-colorable. The smallest number of colors needed in a (proper) edge coloring of a graph is the chromatic index, or edge chromatic number, . The chromatic index is also sometimes written using the notation ; in this notation, the subscript one indicates that edges are one-dimensional objects. A graph is -edge-chromatic if its chromatic index is exactly .
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To maximize profit the firm should increase usage of the input "up to the point where the input's marginal revenue product equals its marginal costs".Samuelson, W and Marks, S (2003). p. 23. So mathematically the profit maximizing rule is MRPL = MCL, where the subscript L refers to the commonly assumed variable input, labor. The marginal revenue product is the change in total revenue per unit change in the variable input.
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When data objects are stored in an array, individual objects are selected by an index that is usually a non-negative scalar integer. Indexes are also called subscripts. An index maps the array value to a stored object. There are three ways in which the elements of an array can be indexed: ; 0 (zero-based indexing): The first element of the array is indexed by subscript of 0.
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The codex contains lessons from the Gospels lectionary (Evangelistarium). It contains texts of Luke 9:33-36; Matthew 17:1-9; Mark 6:14-18; Matthew 8:11-13. The text is written in Greek large uncial letters, on 2 parchment leaves (), in two columns per page, 21 lines per page. It has breathings and accents; iota subscript and error of itacism occur; the nomina sacra are contracted.
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Two sets of measurements need to be made: one with a magnetic field in the positive z-direction as shown above, and one with it in the negative z-direction. From here on in, the voltages recorded with a positive field will have a subscript P (for example, V13, P = V3, P \- V1, P) and those recorded with a negative field will have a subscript N (such as V13, N = V3, N \- V1, N). For all of the measurements, the magnitude of the injected current should be kept the same; the magnitude of the magnetic field needs to be the same in both directions also. First of all with a positive magnetic field, the current I24 is applied to the sample and the voltage V13, P is recorded; note that the voltages can be positive or negative. This is then repeated for I13 and V42, P. As before, we can take advantage of the reciprocity theorem to provide a check on the accuracy of these measurements.
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A flat resolution of a module M is a resolution of the form :\cdots \to F_2 \to F_1 \to F_0 \to M \to 0, where the Fi are all flat modules. Any free or projective resolution is necessarily a flat resolution. Flat resolutions can be used to compute the Tor functor. The length of a finite flat resolution is the first subscript n such that Fn is nonzero and Fi = 0 for i > n.
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In many quantum field theories, such as quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics, left- and right-handed fermions are identical. However, the Standard Model's Weak interaction treats left-handed and right-handed fermions differently: Only left-handed fermions (and right-handed anti-fermions) participate in the weak interaction. This is an example of parity violation explicitly written into the model. In the literature, left-handed fields are often denoted by a capital subscript (e.g.
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The Roman libra and Byzantine lítra (), which served as both the pound mass unit and liter volume unit, were abbreviated in Greek using lambda with modified forms of the iota subscript (as λͅ). These are variously encoded in Unicode. The Ancient Greek Numbers Unicode block includes 10183 (𐆃) as well as 𐅢, which is described as 10162 Unicode Ancient Greek Numbers block. but was much more common as a form of the litra sign.
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The World Wide Web Consortium and the Unicode Consortium have made recommendations on the choice between using markup and using superscript and subscript characters: > When used in mathematical context (MathML) it is recommended to consistently > use style markup for superscripts and subscripts.... However, when super and > sub-scripts are to reflect semantic distinctions, it is easier to work with > these meanings encoded in text rather than markup, for example, in phonetic > or phonemic transcription.
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Symmetry elements are denoted by i for centers of inversion, C for proper rotation axes, σ for mirror planes, and S for improper rotation axes (rotation-reflection axes). C and S are usually followed by a subscript number (abstractly denoted n) denoting the order of rotation possible. By convention, the axis of proper rotation of greatest order is defined as the principal axis. All other symmetry elements are described in relation to it.
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Peptide fragmentation notation using the scheme of Roepstorff and Fohlman (1984). A notation has been developed for indicating peptide fragments that arise from a tandem mass spectrum. Peptide fragment ions are indicated by a, b, or c if the charge is retained on the N-terminus and by x, y or z if the charge is maintained on the C-terminus. The subscript indicates the number of amino acid residues in the fragment.
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The "AXE method" of electron counting is commonly used when applying the VSEPR theory. The electron pairs around a central atom are represented by a formula AXnEm, where A represents the central atom and always has an implied subscript one. Each X represents a ligand (an atom bonded to A). Each E represents a lone pair of electrons on the central atom. The total number of X and E is known as the steric number.
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While officially designated "Chinatown," the area is home to businesses from many Asian cultures, such as Vietnamese, Korean and Thai. Restaurants specializing in Phở and dim sum are quite common. The Ottawa Chinatown has on one hand an urban character as it is not a cluster of strip malls, but on the other hand, it is focused on one commercial street, surrounded exclusively by residential areas. Signs for Somerset Street in Chinatown have Chinese subscript.
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The Bell states are four specific maximally entangled quantum states of two qubits. They are in a superposition of 0 and 1--that is, a linear combination of the two states. Their entanglement means the following: The qubit held by Alice (subscript "A") can be 0 as well as 1. If Alice measured her qubit in the standard basis, the outcome would be perfectly random, either possibility 0 or 1 having probability 1/2.
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Interdental consonants are produced by placing the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth. This differs from dental consonants, which are articulated with the tongue against the back of the upper incisors. Interdental consonants may be transcribed with the extIPA subscript plus superscript bridge, as in , if precision is required, but it is more common to transcribe them as advanced alveolars, as in . Interdental consonants are rare cross-linguistically.
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It is an OpenType variant of Parisine, which further expanded upon Parisine Std. Previous version of Parisine PRO was called Parisine PTF. Each member of the family is composed of more than 720 glyphs and feature around 26700 kerning pairs. OpenType features include small caps, case forms, ligatures, special ligatures, alternates, stylistic sets, caps figures, oldstyle figures, tabular figures, fractions, superscript/subscript, superior/inferior figures, ordinals/superior letters and figures, and ornaments.
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It is an extension of the original Parisine Office font, featuring smaller x-height, more cursive italic lowercase glyphs than in Parisine, a bit like Parisine Plus, extended character sets. Previous version of Parisine Office PRO was called Parisine Office PTF. OpenType features include small caps, case forms, ligatures, special ligatures, alternates, stylistic sets, caps figures, oldstyle figures, tabular figures, fractions, superscript/subscript, superior/inferior figures, ordinals/superior letters and figures, and ornaments.
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Phuthi (Síphùthì)The second and third vowels in this word Síphùthì are both superclose. In the adapted IPA needed to represent Sesotho vowels, subscript commas are used for transcribing superclose vowels. Such superclose vowels would be represented in the same way in the phonetic transcription of Phuthi (but are given as in the proposed Phuthi orthography). is a Nguni Bantu language spoken in southern Lesotho and areas in South Africa adjacent to the same border.
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Published spectral types for the star vary somewhat from C54 to C64, or N6 under an older system of classification. The subscript 4 refers to the strength of the molecular carbon bands in the spectrum, an indicator of the relatively abundances of carbon in the atmosphere. V Aquilae is a variable star of type SRb. It has a published period of 400 days, but other periods are found including 350 days and 2,270 days.
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The codex contains lessons from the Gospels lectionary (Evangelistarium), it contains only fragments of two lessons with the texts of Luke 1:24-27 and Matthew 20:10-29. The text is written in Greek uncial letters, on 1 parchment leaf (), in two columns per page, 26 lines per page. It uses breathings, accents, punctuation, and interrogative sign; iota subscript occurs, errors of itacism. The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way.
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The superscribed element of the letter in earlier varieties was not hamza-shaped, but was very similar to little kāf of the letter . Such shape of the upper element of the letter is hard to find in modern fonts. Since the time of Bayazid Pir Roshan, (dāl with subscript dot) was used for , which was still used in the Diwan of Mirza written in 1690 CE,D. N. MacKenzie, "A Standard Pashto", Khyber.
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Iota participated as the second element in falling diphthongs, with both long and short vowels as the first element. Where the first element was long, the iota was lost in pronunciation at an early date, and was written in polytonic orthography as iota subscript, in other words as a very small ι under the main vowel. Examples include ᾼ ᾳ ῌ ῃ ῼ ῳ. The former diphthongs became digraphs for simple vowels in Koine Greek.
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We derive the ion acoustic wave dispersion relation for a linearized fluid description of a plasma with electrons and N ion species. We write each quantity as X=X_0+\delta\cdot X_1where subscript 0 denotes the "zero-order" constant equilibrium value, and 1 denotes the first-order perturbation. \delta is an ordering parameter for linearization, and has the physical value 1. To linearize, we balance all terms in each equation of the same order in \delta.
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Moreover, important formulas like Paul Lévy's inversion formula for the characteristic function also rely on the "less than or equal" formulation. If treating several random variables X,Y,\ldots etc. the corresponding letters are used as subscripts while, if treating only one, the subscript is usually omitted. It is conventional to use a capital F for a cumulative distribution function, in contrast to the lower-case f used for probability density functions and probability mass functions.
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In order to aid his experiments, he developed a system of chemical notation in which the elements composing any particular chemical compound were given simple written labels—such as O for oxygen, or Fe for iron—with their proportions in the chemical compound denoted by numbers. Berzelius thus invented the system of chemical notation still used today, the main difference being that instead of the subscript numbers used today (e.g., H2O or Fe2O3), Berzelius used superscripts (H2O or Fe2O3).
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Guadeloupe, an overseas region and department of France located in the Caribbean, has no flag with official status other than the French national flag. In addition to the French flag, an inscribed regional logo on a white field is often used as regional flag, similar to the practice in Mayotte and Réunion. The logo of Guadeloupe shows a stylized sun and bird on a green and light blue square with the subscript REGION GUADELOUPE underlined in yellow.
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The former is generally both more precise and also more reliable, in the sense that photometric redshifts are more prone to being wrong due to confusion with lower redshift sources that have unusual spectra. For that reason, a spectroscopic redshift is conventionally regarded as being necessary for an object's distance to be considered definitely known, whereas photometrically determined redshifts identify "candidate" very distant sources. Here, this distinction is indicated by a "p" subscript for photometric redshifts.
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A pragma is a compiler directive that conveys information to the compiler to allow specific manipulating of compiled output. Certain pragmas are built into the language, while others are implementation-specific. Examples of common usage of compiler pragmas would be to disable certain features, such as run- time type checking or array subscript boundary checking, or to instruct the compiler to insert object code instead of a function call (as C/C++ does with inline functions).
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The term Vo has a lowercase letter "o" (not the number "zero") in subscript. The "o" stands for oligomycin, which binds to the homologous region in F-ATPase. It is worth noting that the human gene notations at NCBI designate it as "zero" rather than the letter "o". For example, the gene for the human c subunit of Vo is listed in NCBI gene database as "ATP6V0C" (with a zero), rather than "ATP6VOC" (with an "o").
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Most of the execution-time support (undefined variable checking, subscript evaluation, intrinsic functions) was written in assembly language for good performance. In September 1984, the first version was installed at the University of Waterloo for the Department of Computing Services. It was an implementation for IBM 370 computers running the VM/SP CMS operating system. A few months earlier, in May 1984, a project started to implement the WATFOR-77 compiler on the IBM Personal Computer.
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Many rings or ring systems are known by semisystematic names that assume a maximum number of noncumulative bonds. To unambiguously specify derivatives that include cumulated bonds (and hence fewer hydrogens than would be expected from the skeleton), a lowercase delta may be used with a subscript indicating the number of cumulated double bonds from that atom, e.g. 8δ2-Benzocyclononene. This may be combined with the λ-convention for specifying nonstandard valency states, e.g. 2λ4δ2,5λ4δ2-Thieno[3,4-c]thiophene.
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However, it is common, especially in the early research, to find a superscript (or sometimes subscript) inverted exclamation mark [], because of typographical constraints. Hausa has upstep because of the interaction of tones when they are placed in context: : :It's English. Upstep is superficially similar to pitch reset, which is nearly universal in the prosody of the world's languages. The most common prosodic contours occur in chunks with gradually declining pitch (here transcribed as a global fall, [↘]).
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Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) (also termed MASCSG; the "SG" subscript indicates salivary gland)) is a salivary gland neoplasm that shares a genetic mutation with certain types of breast cancer. MASCSG was first described by Skálová et al. in 2010. The authors of this report found a chromosome translocation in certain salivary gland tumors that was identical to the (12;15)(p13;q25) fusion gene mutation found previously in secretory carcinoma, a subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
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In professional typography, subscript and superscript characters are not simply ordinary characters reduced in size; to keep them visually consistent with the rest of the font, typeface designers make them slightly heavier (i.e. medium or bold typography) than a reduced-size character would be. The vertical distance that sub- or superscripted text is moved from the original baseline varies by typeface and by use. In typesetting, such types are traditionally called "superior" and "inferior" letters, figures, etc.
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By the use of selective radioactively labeled agonist and antagonist substances, five subtypes of muscarinic receptors have been determined, named M1-M5 (using an upper case M and subscript number). M1,M3,M5 receptors are coupled with Gq proteins, while M2 and M4 receptors are coupled with Gi/o proteins. There are other classification systems. For example, the drug pirenzepine is a muscarinic antagonist (decreases the effect of ACh), which is much more potent at M1 receptors than it is at other subtypes.
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Unanimously, they urged us not to—they already knew how > frequently subscript errors occur on production runs where failure to detect > them could be disastrous. I note with fear and horror that even in 1980, > language designers and users have not learned this lesson. In any > respectable branch of engineering, failure to observe such elementary > precautions would have long been against the law. Mainstream languages that enforce run time checking include Ada, C#, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Lisp, PHP, Python, Ruby, and Visual Basic.
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In Western printing, the most common practice is to use subscript diacritics only in lowercase environments and to use an adscript (i.e. a normal full-sized iota glyph) instead whenever the host letter is capitalized. When this happens in a mixed-case spelling environment (i.e. with only the first letter of a word capitalized, as in proper names and at the beginning of a sentence), then the adscript iota regularly takes the shape of the normal lowercase iota letter (e.g.
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Consolas supports the following OpenType layout features: stylistic alternates, localized forms, uppercase-sensitive forms, oldstyle figures, lining figures, arbitrary fractions, superscript, subscript. Although Consolas is designed as a replacement for Courier New, only 713 glyphs were initially available, as compared to Courier New (2.90)'s 1318 glyphs. In version 5.22 (included with Windows 7), support for Greek Extended, Combining Diacritical Marks For Symbols, Number Forms, Arrows, Box Drawing, Geometric Shapes was added. In version 5.32 the total number of supported glyphs was 2735.
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The thermal efficiency of a spray pond may be calculated based on its approach to the saturation (wet bulb) temperature of the air: (TH \- TC) / (TH \- TW), where the subscripts H and C refer to the temperatures of the hot and cold water streams, while the subscript W refers to the wet bulb temperature of the air. Typically, spray ponds achieve thermal efficiencies of between 50% and 70%. Further details of performance estimation may be found in the engineering literature.
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109 is the 29th prime number, so it is a prime with a prime subscript. The previous prime is 107, making them both twin primes. 109 is a centered triangular number. There are exactly 109 different families of subsets of a three-element set whose union includes all three elements, 109 different loops (invertible but not necessarily associative binary operations with an identity) on six elements, and 109 squares on an infinite chessboard that can be reached by a knight within three moves.
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Tables of prime knots are traditionally indexed by crossing number, with a subscript to indicate which particular knot out of those with this many crossings is meant (this sub-ordering is not based on anything in particular, except that torus knots then twist knots are listed first). The listing goes 31 (the trefoil knot), 41 (the figure-eight knot), 51, 52, 61, etc. This order has not changed significantly since P. G. Tait published a tabulation of knots in 1877..
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The glyph set was expanded to include small caps, text figures, subscript and superscripts, and ligatures. Two extra font weights (light and thin) were added to the font for the release of Avenir Next W1G, for a total of 32 fonts. This release also added Greek and Cyrillic glyphs in the regular width only. The current set of weights is therefore ultra light, thin, light, regular, medium, demi bold, bold and heavy, in four styles each (two widths and italics for each width).
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Short-element diphthongs , and are pronounced rather accurately as , , , but at least some websites recommend the less accurate pronunciation for . Short- element diphthongs and are pronounced like similar-looking French pseudo- diphthongs au and eu: ~ and ~, respectively. The is not pronounced in long- element diphthongs, which reflects the pronunciation of Biblical and later Greek (see iota subscript). As for long-element diphthongs, common Greek methods or grammars in France appear to ignore them in their descriptions of the pronunciation of Ancient Greek.
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The Besselian year is a tropical year that starts when the (fictitious) mean Sun reaches an ecliptic longitude of 280°. This is currently on or close to January 1. It is named after the 19th-century German astronomer and mathematician Friedrich Bessel. The following equation can be used to compute the current Besselian epoch (in years): : B = 1900.0 + (Julian dateTT − ) / The TT subscript indicates that for this formula, the Julian date should use the Terrestrial Time scale, or its predecessor, ephemeris time.
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In loanwords, chōonpu, a line following the direction of the text, as in ビール bīru bīru 'beer'. With the exception of syllables starting with n, doubled consonant sounds are written by prefixing a smaller version of tsu (written っ and ッ in hiragana and katakana respectively), as in きって kitte 'stamp'. Consonants beginning with n use the kana n character (written ん or ン) as a prefix instead. There are several conventions of Okinawan kana that involve subscript digraphs or ligatures.
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6 types of sequence ions in peptide fragmentation When the backbone bonds cleave, six different types of sequence ions are formed as shown in Fig. 1. The N-terminal charged fragment ions are classed as a, b or c, while the C-terminal charged ones are classed as x, y or z. The subscript n is the number of amino acid residues. The nomenclature was first proposed by Roepstorff and Fohlman, then Biemann modified it and this became the most widely accepted version.
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A version had a melody based on "Long live Russia, a free country.", which was composed by Aleksandr Grechaninov, and a subscript translation was preserved. It was performed in January 1918 (after the end of the Russian Republic) by the Chuvash choir in Kazan after the premiere of the first national play by Maximovich-Koshkinsky, which was based on the play Live Not as You Would Like To by Alexander Ostrovsky. Its popularity increased and it was performed on all significant events.
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The spectrum of SU Andromedae is dominated by Swan bands from the molecule C2. These stars were classified as type N under the Harvard scheme, stars with the blue continuum completely obscured by molecular absorption bands. Carbon star spectral types were later refined in the Morgan-Keenan system and SU Andromedae was typically classified as C64, indicating a fairly cool carbon star and the subscript 4 showing modest Swan band intensity. Under the modern revised Morgan-Keenan system, SU Andromedae is classified as C-N5 C26-.
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The laws and mathematical objects in classical electromagnetism can be written in a form which is manifestly covariant. Here, this is only done so for vacuum (or for the microscopic Maxwell equations, not using macroscopic descriptions of materials such as electric permittivity), and uses SI units. This section uses Einstein notation, including Einstein summation convention. See also Ricci calculus for a summary of tensor index notations, and raising and lowering indices for definition of superscript and subscript indices, and how to switch between them.
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The letter rho (ρ), although not a vowel, also carries a rough breathing in word- initial position. If a rho was geminated within a word, the first always had the smooth breathing and the second the rough breathing (ῤῥ) leading to the transliteration rrh. The vowel letters carry an additional diacritic in certain words, the so-called iota subscript, which has the shape of a small vertical stroke or a miniature below the letter. This iota represents the former offglide of what were originally long diphthongs, (i.e.
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The app allows to create notes with document or photo attachments, build to-do lists and synchronize them with user's Nimbus Note account to store them online. Nimbus Note has an integrated text editor that allows to change the text style in different ways and enabling to insert varying data structures such as pictures, tables, hyperlinks, various lists, etc. Also, the editor comes with indentation control, paragraph layout customization, superscript and subscript options. Nimbus Note allows sorting and categorizing of notes by various criteria.
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Although Burmese natively contrasts unaspirated and aspirated stops, there is an additional devoicing/aspirating feature. In OB, h- or a syllable beginning with /h/ could be prefixed to roots, merging over time with the consonant of the following syllable. In the case of the unaspirated stops, these are replaced with the aspirated letter, however words beginning with use a subscript diacritic called ha-to to indicate devoicing: , although as noted above, is incredibly rare. Devoicing in Burmese is not strong, particularly not on nasals.
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Gutenberg and Richter also used an italic, non-bold "M without subscript"Defined as "a weighted mean between M and M." . – also used as a generic magnitude, and not to be confused with the bold, non- italic M used for moment magnitude – and a "unified magnitude" m (bolding added)."At Pasadena, a weighted mean is taken between m as found directly from body waves, and m, the corresponding value derived from M ...." . While these terms (with various adjustments) were used in scientific articles into the 1970s,E.g.
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The domain of a function of several real variables is a subset of that is sometimes, but not always, explicitly defined. In fact, if one restricts the domain of a function to a subset , one gets formally a different function, the restriction of to , which is denoted . In practice, it is often (but not always) not harmful to identify and , and to omit the subscript . Conversely, it is sometimes possible to enlarge naturally the domain of a given function, for example by continuity or by analytic continuation.
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These were similar to the virtual arrays in BASIC-PLUS in but more limited. An array of integers, floatingpoint, or character strings of length 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 could be placed in file and accessed with a subscript. The file could actually be opened (or re- opened) with a different definition allowing integers, characters, and floating point numbers to be stored in the same file. Like BASIC-11, Multi- User BASIC provided some support for lab equipment, support for character terminals (LA30, VT100).
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The reduced modulus E_r is related to Young's modulus E_s of the test specimen through the following relationship from contact mechanics: :1/E_r=(1- u_i^2)/E_i+(1- u_s^2)/E_s. Here, the subscript i indicates a property of the indenter material and u is Poisson's ratio. For a diamond indenter tip, E_i is 1140 GPa and u_i is 0.07. Poisson’s ratio of the specimen, u_s, generally varies between 0 and 0.5 for most materials (though it can be negative) and is typically around 0.3.
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Note that it has nothing to do with the physical space, except similar mathematical formalism. Isospin is described by two quantum numbers: , the total isospin, and 3, an eigenvalue of the Iz projection for which flavor states are eigenstates, not an arbitrary projection as in the case of spin. In other words, each 3 state specifies certain flavor state of a multiplet. The third coordinate (), to which the "3" subscript refers, is chosen due to notational conventions which relate bases in 2 and 3 representation spaces.
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In the case D_{AB}=0 we have p_{AB} = p_A p_B and the alleles A and B are said to be in linkage equilibrium. The subscript "AB" on D_{AB} emphasizes that linkage disequilibrium is a property of the pair {A, B} of alleles and not of their respective loci. Other pairs of alleles at those same two loci may have different coefficients of linkage disequilibrium. Linkage disequilibrium in asexual populations can be defined in a similar way in terms of population allele frequencies.
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The nomenclature of the enzyme has a long history. The F1 fraction derives its name from the term "Fraction 1" and Fo (written as a subscript letter "o", not "zero") derives its name from being the binding fraction for oligomycin, a type of naturally-derived antibiotic that is able to inhibit the Fo unit of ATP synthase. The F1 particle is large and can be seen in the transmission electron microscope by negative staining. These are particles of 9 nm diameter that pepper the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Determining a D-value requires an experiment, but only gives the D-value under the specific conditions of that experiment. D-values are unique to the conditions of the environment that the bacteria currently exists in. In the context of thermal analysis it is typical practice to subscript the "D" with an indication of temperature. For example, given a hypothetical organism which is reduced by 90% after exposure to temperatures of 150° C for 20 minutes, the D-value would be written as D150C = 20 minutes.
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On the previous IPTS-68 scale the densities at 20 °C and 4 °C are, respectively, 0.9982071 and 0.9999720 resulting in an RD (20 °C/4 °C) value for water of 0.9982343. The temperatures of the two materials may be explicitly stated in the density symbols; for example: :relative density: 8.15; or specific gravity: 2.432 where the superscript indicates the temperature at which the density of the material is measured, and the subscript indicates the temperature of the reference substance to which it is compared.
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Perhaps the most familiar example of subscripts is in chemical formulas. For example, the molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6 (meaning that it is a molecule with 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms). Or the most famous molecule in the world, water, known almost universally by its chemical formula, H2O (meaning it has 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.) A subscript is also used to distinguish between different versions of a subatomic particle. Thus electron, muon, and tau neutrinos are denoted and .
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Subscripts are often used to refer to members of a mathematical sequence or set or elements of a vector. For example, in the sequence O = (45, −2, 800), O3 refers to the third member of sequence O, which is 800. Also in mathematics and computing, a subscript can be used to represent the radix, or base, of a written number, especially where multiple bases are used alongside each other. For example, comparing values in hexadecimal, denary, and octal one might write Chex = 12dec = 14oct.
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Subscripts are not limited to numerals—any ASCII character or group of characters can be a subscript identifier. While this is not uncommon for modern languages such as Perl or JavaScript, it was a highly unusual feature in the late 1970s. This capability was not universally implemented in MUMPS systems before the 1984 ANSI standard, as only canonically numeric subscripts were required by the standard to be allowed. Thus, the variable named 'Car' can have subscripts "Door", "Steering Wheel" and "Engine", each of which can contain a value and have subscripts of their own.
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All the array elements are initialized to be free variables. The built-in predicate `arg/3` can be used to access array elements, but it requires a temporary variable to store the result, and a chain of calls to access an element of a multi-dimensional array. To facilitate accessing array elements, B-Prolog supports the array subscript notation `X[I1,...,In]`, where `X` is a structure and each `Ii` is an integer expression. This common notation for accessing arrays is, however, not part of the standard Prolog syntax.
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Most academic publications of recent decades use a fairly uniform transcription-orthography in Latin script (as used in this article).In this article, the graphs š and ž are used instead of standard c and j in order to make the transcribed examples more accessible to readers with no background in berberology. The most unusual feature of this orthography is the employment of the symbol ɛ (Greek epsilon) to represent (voiced epiglottal fricative), for example taɛmamt "turban". Except with ḥ (= IPA ), the subscript dot indicates pharyngealisation, for example aḍrḍur "deaf person".
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Cantor developed an entire theory and arithmetic of infinite sets, called cardinals and ordinals, which extended the arithmetic of the natural numbers. His notation for the cardinal numbers was the Hebrew letter \aleph (aleph) with a natural number subscript; for the ordinals he employed the Greek letter ω (omega). This notation is still in use today. The Continuum hypothesis, introduced by Cantor, was presented by David Hilbert as the first of his twenty-three open problems in his address at the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris.
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The Third Edition, released in 1966 and the first to use the "edition" naming, was the first designed specifically with the intent of running on the new GE-635 computer which was due to arrive shortly. This version includes the `MAT` functions from CARDBASIC, although they now allow for a subscript of 0. The new `SGN` function gave the sign of its argument (positive⇒0 and negative⇒1), while `RESTORE` was added to "rewind" the position of `READ/DATA`. The exponentiation problem was fixed, so would be interpreted as .
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The proper EV was determined by the scene luminance and film speed; it was intended that the system also include adjustment for filters, exposure compensation, and other variables. With all of these elements included, the camera would be set by transferring the single number thus determined. Exposure value has been indicated in various ways. The ASA and ANSI standards used the quantity symbol Ev, with the subscript v indicating the logarithmic value; this symbol continues to be used in ISO standards, but the acronym EV is more common elsewhere.
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Keynes's initial (Chapter 13) model of liquidity preference considers the demand for money to depend solely on the interest rate. This is purely monetary: the liquidity preference can be written L(r). His more elaborate theory (Chapter 15) makes liquidity preference depend on Y as well as on r. He provides no w subscript for income, implying that it is specified in money terms, in which case L should also be in money terms; but this is contradicted later (p246) when Keynes says that L is in wage units.
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The iota subscript was invented by Byzantine philologists in the 12th century AD as an editorial symbol marking the places where such spelling variation occurred. The alternative practice, of writing the mute iota not under, but next to the preceding vowel, is known as iota adscript. In mixed-case environments, it is represented either as a slightly reduced iota (smaller than regular lowercase iota), or as a full- sized lowercase iota. In the latter case, it can be recognized as iota adscript by the fact that it never carries any diacritics (breathing marks, accents).
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The "g" subscript refers to the granitic layer through which Lg waves propagate. . See also J. R. Kayal, "Seismic Waves and Earthquake Location", here, page 5. a complex form of the Love wave which, although a surface wave, he found provided a result more closely related to the scale than the scale.. Lg waves attenuate quickly along any oceanic path, but propagate well through the granitic continental crust, and MbLg is often used in areas of stable continental crust; it is especially useful for detecting underground nuclear explosions..
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The author(s) will usually make it clear whether a subscript is intended as an index or as a label. For example, in 3-D Euclidean space and using Cartesian coordinates; the coordinate vector shows a direct correspondence between the subscripts 1, 2, 3 and the labels . In the expression , is interpreted as an index ranging over the values 1, 2, 3, while the subscripts are not variable indices, more like "names" for the components. In the context of spacetime, the index value 0 conventionally corresponds to the label .
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WordPad can format and print text, including font and bold, italic, colored, and centered text, and lacks functions such as a spell checker, thesaurus, and control of pagination. It does not support footnotes and endnotes. WordPad can read, render, and save many Rich Text Format (RTF) features that it cannot create, such as tables, strikeout, superscript, subscript, "extra" colors, text background colors, numbered lists, right and left indentation, quasi-hypertext and URL linking, and line-spacing greater than 1. Among its advantages are low system-resource usage, simplicity, and speed.
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Superscripts and Subscripts is a Unicode block containing superscript and subscript numerals, mathematical operators, and letters used in mathematics and phonetics. The use of subscripts and superscripts in Unicode allows any polynomial, chemical and certain other equations to be represented in plain text without using any form of markup like HTML or TeX. Other superscript letters can be found in the Spacing Modifier Letters, Phonetic Extensions and Phonetic Extensions Supplement blocks, while the superscript 1, 2, and 3, inherited from ISO 8859-1, were included in the Latin-1 Supplement block.
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The Stackelberg model can be solved to find the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium or equilibria (SPNE), i.e. the strategy profile that serves best each player, given the strategies of the other player and that entails every player playing in a Nash equilibrium in every subgame. In very general terms, let the price function for the (duopoly) industry be P; price is simply a function of total (industry) output, so is P(q_1+q_2) where the subscript 1 represents the leader and 2 represents the follower. Suppose firm i has the cost structure C_i(q_i).
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The word ("to tie") is pronounced , ("weak", "to sink") is pronounced . In some words, however, the inherent vowel is pronounced in its reduced form, as if modified by a bântăk diacritic, even though the diacritic is not written (e.g. "corpse"). Such reduction regularly takes place in words ending with a consonant with a silent subscript (such as "every"), although in most such words it is the bântăk-reduced form of the vowel a that is heard, as in "noise". The word "you, person" has the highly irregular pronunciation .
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Nowadays fractions, unlike inline division, are often given using smaller numbers, superscript, and subscript (e.g., 23⁄43). This notation is responsible for the current form of the percent , permille , and permyriad signs, developed from the horizontal form which represented an early modern corruption of an Italian abbreviation of per cento.. Many fonts draw the fraction slash (and the division slash) less vertical than the slash. The separate encoding is also intended to permit automatic formatting of the preceding and succeeding digits by glyph substitution with numerator and denominator glyphs (e.g.
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A screw axis is a rotation about an axis, followed by a translation along the direction of the axis. These are noted by a number, n, to describe the degree of rotation, where the number is how many operations must be applied to complete a full rotation (e.g., 3 would mean a rotation one third of the way around the axis each time). The degree of translation is then added as a subscript showing how far along the axis the translation is, as a portion of the parallel lattice vector.
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The concept of pH was first introduced by the Danish chemist Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen at the Carlsberg Laboratory in 1909 Two other publications appeared in 1909, one in French and one in Danish. and revised to the modern pH in 1924 to accommodate definitions and measurements in terms of electrochemical cells. In the first papers, the notation had the H as a subscript to the lowercase p, as so: pH. The exact meaning of the p in pH is disputed, as Sørensen did not explain why he used it.
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The results of either test can be converted into the more traditional "dependence vector" form, but since this abstraction provides less precision, much of the information about the dependence will be lost. Both techniques produce exact information for programs with affine control and subscript expressions, and must approximate for many programs outside this domain (i.e., in the presence of non-affine subscripts such as index arrays). The original work of Feautrier focused on describing true dependences, which would be referred to as exact value-based flow dependences by the Omega Project.
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In the 1970s and early 1980s it was popular to produce a kind of text art that relied on overprinting. This could be produced either on a screen or on a printer by typing a character, backing up, and then typing another character, just as on a typewriter. This developed into sophisticated graphics in some cases, such as the PLATO system (circa 1973), where superscript and subscript allowed a wide variety of graphic effects. A common use was for emoticons, with WOBTAX and VICTORY both producing convincing smiley faces.
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They also noted that, in deciding whether to fail to reject, or reject a particular hypothesis amongst a "set of alternative hypotheses", H1, H2..., it was easy to make an error: > ...[and] these errors will be of two kinds: > :(I) we reject H0 [i.e., the hypothesis to be tested] when it is true,Note > that the subscript in the expression H0 is a zero (indicating null), and is > not an "O" (indicating original). :(II) we fail to reject H0 when some > alternative hypothesis HA or H1 is true. (There are various notations for > the alternative).
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Hence, the difference between the mass number and the atomic number Z gives the number of neutrons (N) in a given nucleus: . The mass number is written either after the element name or as a superscript to the left of an element's symbol. For example, the most common isotope of carbon is carbon-12, or , which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. The full isotope symbol would also have the atomic number (Z) as a subscript to the left of the element symbol directly below the mass number: .
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The deciduous dental formula is notated in lowercase lettering preceded by the letter d: for example: di:dc:dp. An animal's dentition for either deciduous or permanent teeth can thus be expressed as a dental formula, written in the form of a fraction, which can be written as , or I.C.P.M / I.C.P.M. For example, the following formulae show the deciduous and usual permanent dentition of all catarrhine primates, including humans: #Deciduous: (di^2-dc^1-dm^2) / (di_2-dc_1-dm_2) \times 2 =20. This can also be written as . Superscript and subscript denote upper and lower jaw, i.e.
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This is the most traditional notation, due to the 1927 paper of James W. Alexander and Garland B. Briggs and later extended by Dale Rolfsen in his knot table (see image above and List of prime knots). The notation simply organizes knots by their crossing number. One writes the crossing number with a subscript to denote its order amongst all knots with that crossing number. This order is arbitrary and so has no special significance (though in each number of crossings the twist knot comes after the torus knot).
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Various other languages' characters could be typed by holding down the ALT or EXTRA key, along with the SHIFT key if capitals were required. LocoScript could also display mathematical and technical symbols. All these characters and symbols could be printed, unless the printer was a daisy wheel unit. LocoScript's menu system enabled users to add, singly or in combination, a range of sophisticated typographical effects: monospaced or proportional character spacing; normal or double width characters and spacing; various font sizes; bold, underline, italics, subscript or superscript, and reverse video.
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As an A subunit, MT-ATP6 is contained within the non-catalytic, transmembrane Fo portion of the complex. The nomenclature of the enzyme has a long history. The F1 fraction derives its name from the term "Fraction 1" and Fo (written as a subscript letter "o", not "zero") derives its name from being the binding fraction for oligomycin, a type of naturally-derived antibiotic that is able to inhibit the Fo unit of ATP synthase. The Fo region of ATP synthase is a proton pore that is embedded in the mitochondrial membrane.
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Let R be the multivariate polynomial ring k[x1, ..., xn] over a field k. The variables are ordered linearly according to their subscript: x1 < ... < xn. For a non-constant polynomial p in R, the greatest variable effectively presenting in p, called main variable or class, plays a particular role: p can be naturally regarded as a univariate polynomial in its main variable xk with coefficients in k[x1, ..., xk−1]. The degree of p as a univariate polynomial in its main variable is also called its main degree.
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In physics and engineering, mass flux is the rate of mass flow per unit area, perfectly overlapping with the momentum density, the momentum per unit volume. The common symbols are j, J, q, Q, φ, or Φ (Greek lower or capital Phi), sometimes with subscript m to indicate mass is the flowing quantity. Its SI units are kg s−1 m−2. Mass flux can also refer to an alternate form of flux in Fick's law that includes the molecular mass, or in Darcy's law that includes the mass density.
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This souvenir consisted of a postcard sized reproduction of the front of an 1840 'Mulready' Letter Sheet with the name, location and dates of the Congress in the 'address' space and with a subscript note reading 'With the Compliments of "Stamp Collecting" 15, St. Bride Street, E.C.4.'. In 1969, The Philatelic Magazine was incorporated into Stamp Collecting. In 1984, the firm went into voluntary liquidation and Stamp Collecting and The Philatelic Magazine were acquired by Stamp News Limited and incorporated into Stamp NewsBirch, Brian. (2014) Bibliography of philatelic periodicals.
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The second typeface is Myriad Pro; the superscript is about 60% of the original characters, raised by about 44% above the baseline.) A subscript or superscript is a character (such as a number or letter) that is set slightly below or above the normal line of type, respectively. It is usually smaller than the rest of the text. Subscripts appear at or below the baseline, while superscripts are above. Subscripts and superscripts are perhaps most often used in formulas, mathematical expressions, and specifications of chemical compounds and isotopes, but have many other uses as well.
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A particle may be distinguished by multiple subscripts, such as for the triple bottom omega particle. Similarly, subscripts are also used frequently in mathematics to define different versions of the same variable: for example, in an equation x0 and xf might indicate the initial and final value of x, while vrocket and vobserver would stand for the velocities of a rocket and an observer. Commonly, variables with a zero in the subscript are referred to as the variable name followed by "naught" (e.g. v0 would be read, "v-naught").
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In 1881, the Commission d'Experience de Gâvre did a comprehensive survey of data available from their tests as well as other countries. After adopting a standard atmospheric condition for the drag data the Gavre drag function was adopted. This drag function was known as the Gavre function and the standard projectile adopted was the Type 1 projectile. Thereafter, the Type 1 standard projectile was renamed by Ballistics Section of Aberdeen Proving Grounds in Maryland, USA as G1 after the Commission d'Experience de Gâvre. For practical purposes the subscript 1 in G1 is generally written in normal font size as G1.
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The Lingua Workstation integrates non-Western languages into the NB word processor, Orbis and Ibidem, including Hebrew, Cyrillic and Greek, and the International Phonetic Alphabet. There are optional modules for Arabic, Persian (Farsi), Urdu, Coptic, Syriac, Ugaritic and Akkadian. Users can mix languages and orientation (left-to-right/right-to-left) in the same document or even on the same line; words wrap properly from line to line. Lingua supports entry of over 1,700 different characters; over 230 accents; breathing marks, diacritics, vowels and cantillations, in virtually any combination; conjectural characters, three levels of superscript and subscript, and multilingual case conversion.
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A substance's GWP depends on the number of years (denoted by a subscript) over which the potential is calculated. A gas which is quickly removed from the atmosphere may initially have a large effect, but for longer time periods, as it has been removed, it becomes less important. Thus methane has a potential of 34 over 100 years (GWP100 = 34) but 86 over 20 years (GWP20 = 86); conversely sulfur hexafluoride has a GWP of 22,800 over 100 years but 16,300 over 20 years (IPCC Third Assessment Report). The GWP value depends on how the gas concentration decays over time in the atmosphere.
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A bijective function, f: X → Y, from set X to set Y demonstrates that the sets have the same cardinality, in this case equal to the cardinal number 4. Aleph null, the smallest infinite cardinal In mathematics, cardinal numbers, or cardinals for short, are a generalization of the natural numbers used to measure the cardinality (size) of sets. The cardinality of a finite set is a natural number: the number of elements in the set. The transfinite cardinal numbers, often denoted using the Hebrew symbol \aleph (aleph) followed by a subscript, describe the sizes of infinite sets.
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In Greek, the subscript is called (), the perfect passive participle form of the verb (), "to write below". Analogously, the adscript is called (), from the verb (), "to write next (to something), to add in writing". The Greek names are grammatically feminine participle forms because in medieval Greek the name of the letter iota, to which they implicitly refer, was sometimes construed as a feminine noun (unlike in classical and in modern Greek, where it is neuter). The Greek terms, transliterated according to their modern pronunciation as ypogegrammeni and prosgegrammeni respectively, were also chosen for use in character names in the computer encoding standard Unicode.
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Each word could hold a 48-bit integer or floating-point number, two 24-bit integer or floating-point numbers, six 8-bit instruction syllables, or eight 6-bit characters. There was also provision for efficient handling of double-word (96-bit) numbers in both integer and floating point formats. However, there was no facility for byte or character addressing, so that non-numerical work suffered by comparison. Its standard character set was a version of the Friden Flexowriter paper tape code that was oriented to Algol 60, and included unusual characters such as the Algol subscript 10.
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In establishing a writing system for a language, corpus planners have the option of using an existing system or designing a new one. The Ainu of Japan chose to adopt the Japanese language's katakana syllabary as the writing system for the Ainu language. Katakana is designed for a language with a basic CV syllable structure, but Ainu contains many CVC syllables which cannot easily be adapted to this syllabary. Therefore Ainu uses a modified katakana system, in which syllable-final codas are consonants by a subscript version of a katakana symbol that begins with the desired consonant.
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In phonetics, nasalization (or nasalisation) is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered, so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by the mouth. An archetypal nasal sound is . In the International Phonetic Alphabet, nasalization is indicated by printing a tilde diacritic above the symbol for the sound to be nasalized: is the nasalized equivalent of , and is the nasalized equivalent of . A subscript diacritic , called an ogonek or nosinė, is sometimes seen, especially when the vowel bears tone marks that would interfere with the superscript tilde.
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The special forms and are encoded by the code points U+1A53 and U+1A55 respectively. If the glyphs of U+1A36 NA and U+1A63 SIGN AA would be side by side they are written as the ligature rather than as two separate glyphs . They are written as a ligature even if the NA has a subscript consonant or a non-following mark attached. Examples: (, encoding ) and (, encoding ).
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B0, that is "B subscript zero", is also generally used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging to denote the net magnetization vector. Although in physics and mathematics the notation to represent a physical quantity can be arbitrary, it is generally accepted in the literature, such as the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine that B0 represents net magnetization. This is particularly prominent in areas of science where magnetic fields are important such as spectroscopy. By convention, B0 is interpreted as a vector quantity pointing the z-direction, with subsequent x and y cartesian axes oriented with the right hand rule.
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Avenir Next Rounded is a version of Avenir Next with rounded terminals, designed by Akira Kobayashi and Sandra Winter.A new form of an old friend: Avenir Next RoundedNeues Schriftdesign Avenir Next Rounded von Akira Kobayashi – gut lesbar, vielseitig und sympathisch – 6. Februar 2013 - Die neue Avenir Next Rounded ist die weichere Interpretation der serifenlosen Avenir Next The family includes 8 fonts in 4 weights (regular, medium, demi, and bold) and 1 width (based on normal width), with complementary italics. OpenType features include numerator and denominator, fractions, standard ligatures, lining and old-style figures, localized forms, scientific inferiors, subscript and superscript, and small caps.
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One of the principal ideas that should be recognized in each model is the law of conservation of volume, as conservation is a fundamental law in physics; it should also apply to geology. Two ways to maintain volume conservation are thickening of units and synclinal deflection of incompetent material; it is likely that both may occur. Figure 2. A model of the law of conservation of volume by synclinal deflection; that is the area (given by A then a subscript) of the anticline should be equal to the area of shortening plus the synclinal deflection A1 = A2+A3+A4.
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The four-year hiatus was broken on 8 June 2015 when a message placed on the band's Facebook page suggested a new album was on its way in a new era, Era 0. This was confirmed on 5 October 2015 when the release of the single "Doppelgänger," off the forthcoming album The Great Deceiver. The artwork for "Doppelgänger" included the familiar Mortiis logo, but with the Era 0 subscript, confirming the new Era. The album (The Great Deceiver) was originally finished in 2008, and included mixes by Chris Vrenna (of Nine Inch Nails and Marilyn Manson).
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These notations are especially advantageous in computer programming: by storing the coordinates of a point as an array, instead of a record, the subscript can serve to index the coordinates. In mathematical illustrations of two-dimensional Cartesian systems, the first coordinate (traditionally called the abscissa) is measured along a horizontal axis, oriented from left to right. The second coordinate (the ordinate) is then measured along a vertical axis, usually oriented from bottom to top. Young children learning the Cartesian system, commonly learn the order to read the values before cementing the x-, y-, and z-axis concepts, by starting with 2D mnemonics (e.g.
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The nomenclature of the enzyme has a long history. The F1 fraction derives its name from the term "Fraction 1" and Fo (written as a subscript letter "o", not "zero") derives its name from being the binding fraction for oligomycin, a type of naturally-derived antibiotic that is able to inhibit the Fo unit of ATP synthase. The Fo region of ATP synthase is a proton pore that is embedded in the mitochondrial membrane. It consists of three main subunits A, B, and C, and (in humans) six additional subunits, d, e, f, g, MT-ATP6 (or F6), and MT-ATP8 (or A6L).
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Links are written by the crossing number with a superscript to denote the number of components and a subscript to denote its order within the links with the same number of components and crossings. Thus the trefoil knot is notated 31 and the Hopf link is 2. Alexander-Briggs names in the range 10162 to 10166 are ambiguous, due to the discovery of the Perko pair in Charles Newton Little's original and subsequent knot tables, and differences in approach to correcting this error in knot tables and other publications created after this point."The Revenge of the Perko Pair", RichardElwes.co.uk.
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Both versions are provided with a spell checker. During the installation process, Jarte allows for the option of installing multiple language functionality that includes French, German, Italian and Spanish. In keeping with its attempt to provide universal appeal, Jarte also offers American, British and Canadian English spell-checking While Jarte is often marketed as a Wordpad replacement, it can additionally create and save; tables, strikeout, superscript, subscript, "extra" colors, text background colors (highlighting), numbered lists, right or left indent, quasi- hypertext and URL linking, and various line spacings, — all of which Wordpad can read, interpret, and save. Jarte bears a resemblance to TextEdit.
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The software was the first commercially available word processor for the Apple III and featured formatting commands such as margin settings, centering, justification, bold, underlined, subscript, superscripts, doublestrike, titles, footnotes, and page numbers. The program was also able to use the Apple III redefinable keyboard to provide single-stroke editor commands (such as find, delete character, delete line, and so forth). The Apple III version made use of the full 80 column display, and could support 1210 lines with 128K memory, or 806 lines with 96k memory. The Apple III version supported printing with Qume, Diablo, and Xerox printers.
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It would be equivalent to include the entire arithmetical induction axiom scheme, in other words to include the induction axiom for every arithmetical formula φ. It can be shown that a collection S of subsets of ω determines an ω-model of ACA0 if and only if S is closed under Turing jump, Turing reducibility, and Turing join (Simpson 2009, pp. 311-313). The subscript 0 in ACA0 indicates that not every instance of the induction axiom scheme is included this subsystem. This makes no difference for ω-models, which automatically satisfy every instance of the induction axiom.
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In compiler design, static single assignment form (often abbreviated as SSA form or simply SSA) is a property of an intermediate representation (IR), which requires that each variable be assigned exactly once, and every variable be defined before it is used. Existing variables in the original IR are split into versions, new variables typically indicated by the original name with a subscript in textbooks, so that every definition gets its own version. In SSA form, use-def chains are explicit and each contains a single element. SSA was proposed by Barry K. Rosen, Mark N. Wegman, and F. Kenneth Zadeck in 1988.
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The incorporation of exposure meters in many cameras in the late 1960s eliminated the need to compute exposure, so APEX saw little actual use. With the passage of time, formatting of APEX quantities has varied considerably; although the v originally was subscript, it sometimes was given simply as lower case, and sometimes as uppercase. Treating these quantities as acronyms rather than quantity symbols probably is reasonable because several of the quantity symbols (E, B, and I for exposure, luminance, and illuminance) used at the time APEX was proposed are in conflict with current preferred SI practice. A few artifacts of APEX remain.
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Dentolabial consonants are the articulatory opposite of labiodentals: They are pronounced by contacting lower teeth against the upper lip. They are rare cross-linguistically, likely due to the prevalence of dental malocclusions (especially retrognathism) that make them difficult to produce, though one allophone of Swedish has been described as a velarized dentolabial fricative, and the voiceless dentolabial fricative is apparently used in some of the southwestern dialects of Greenlandic (Vebæk 2006). The diacritic for dentolabial in the extensions of the IPA for disordered speech is a superscript bridge, , by analogy with the subscript bridge used for labiodentals: . Complex consonants such as affricates, prenasalized stops and the like are also possible.
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Diphthong note that the subscript notation is medieval, the is adscript in ancient texts where it appears had started to become monophthongal in Attic at least as early as the 4th century BC as it was often written and probably pronounced . In Koine Greek, most were therefore subjected to the same evolution as original classical and came to be pronounced . However, in some inflexional endings (mostly 1st declension dative singular and subjunctive 3 Sg.), the evolution was partially reverted from c. 200 BC, probably by analogy of forms of other cases/persons, to and was probably pronounced at first (look up note on evolution of for subsequent evolution).
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When describing base in mathematical notation, the letter b is generally used as a symbol for this concept, so, for a binary system, b equals 2. Another common way of expressing the base is writing it as a decimal subscript after the number that is being represented (this notation is used in this article). 11110112 implies that the number 1111011 is a base-2 number, equal to 12310 (a decimal notation representation), 1738 (octal) and 7B16 (hexadecimal). In books and articles, when using initially the written abbreviations of number bases, the base is not subsequently printed: it is assumed that binary 1111011 is the same as 11110112.
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The receiver uses messages received from satellites to determine the satellite positions and time sent. The x, y, and z components of satellite position and the time sent are designated as [xi, yi, zi, si] where the subscript i denotes the satellite and has the value 1, 2, ..., n, where n ≥ 4\. When the time of message reception indicated by the on-board receiver clock is t̃i, the true reception time is , where b is the receiver's clock bias from the much more accurate GPS clocks employed by the satellites. The receiver clock bias is the same for all received satellite signals (assuming the satellite clocks are all perfectly synchronized).
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The Second Edition of BASIC, although not referred to such at the time, only made minimal changes. Released in October 1964, it allowed arrays to begin as subscript 0 instead of 1 (useful for representing polynomials) and added the semicolon, , to the `PRINT` statement. Unlike later implementations, where this left space between items, the semicolon advanced printing to the next multiple of three characters, which allowed more numbers to be "packed" into a line of output than the existing comma separator. The October version also included a separate definition for CARDBASIC, which was simply a version of BASIC for use on card-based workflows.
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Discrete time is often employed when empirical measurements are involved, because normally it is only possible to measure variables sequentially. For example, while economic activity actually occurs continuously, there being no moment when the economy is totally in a pause, it is only possible to measure economic activity discretely. For this reason, published data on, for example, gross domestic product will show a sequence of quarterly values. When one attempts to empirically explain such variables in terms of other variables and/or their own prior values, one uses time series or regression methods in which variables are indexed with a subscript indicating the time period in which the observation occurred.
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In computability theory the '' theorem', (also called the translation lemma, parameter theorem, and the parameterization theorem) is a basic result about programming languages (and, more generally, Gödel numberings of the computable functions) (Soare 1987, Rogers 1967). It was first proved by Stephen Cole Kleene (1943). The name ' comes from the occurrence of an S with subscript n and superscript m in the original formulation of the theorem (see below). In practical terms, the theorem says that for a given programming language and positive integers m and n, there exists a particular algorithm that accepts as input the source code of a program with m + n free variables, together with m values.
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Some features in Calibri remain unsupported by Office, including true small caps, all-caps spacing, superscript and subscript glyphs and the ability to create arbitrary fractions; these may be accessed using programs such as Adobe InDesign. One potential source of confusion in Calibri is a visible homoglyph, a pair of easily confused characters: the lowercase letter L and the uppercase letter i (l and I) of the Latin script are effectively indistinguishable; this is true of many other common fonts, however. The design has similarities to de Groot's much more extensive TheSans family, although this has straight ends rather than rounding. a Hebrew alphabet version is in development.
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The aspirated consonant letters (kh-, chh-, th-, ph-) are pronounced with aspiration only before a vowel. There is also slight aspiration with k, ch, t and p sounds before certain consonants, but this is regardless of whether they are spelt with a letter that indicates aspiration. A Khmer word cannot end with more than one consonant sound, so subscript consonants at the end of words (which appear for etymological reasons) are not pronounced, although they may come to be pronounced when the same word begins a compound. In some words, a single medial consonant symbol represents both the final consonant of one syllable and the initial consonant of the next.
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The subscript I arises because of the different ways of loading a material to enable a crack to propagate. It refers to so-called "mode I" loading as opposed to mode II or III: The expression for K_I in equation 2.1 will be different for geometries other than the center-cracked infinite plate, as discussed in the article on the stress intensity factor. Consequently, it is necessary to introduce a dimensionless correction factor, Y, in order to characterize the geometry. This correction factor, also often referred to as the geometric shape factor, is given by empirically determined series and accounts for the type and geometry of the crack or notch.
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This leads to simpler implementation where the subscript refers to an offset from the starting position of an array, so the first element has an offset of zero. Arrays can have multiple dimensions, thus it is not uncommon to access an array using multiple indices. For example, a two-dimensional array `A` with three rows and four columns might provide access to the element at the 2nd row and 4th column by the expression `A[1][3]` in the case of a zero-based indexing system. Thus two indices are used for a two-dimensional array, three for a three-dimensional array, and n for an n-dimensional array.
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Absolute magnitudes are denoted by a capital M, with a subscript representing the filter band used for measurement, such as MV for absolute magnitude in the V band. The more luminous an object, the smaller the numerical value of its absolute magnitude. A difference of 5 magnitudes between the absolute magnitudes of two objects corresponds to a ratio of 100 in their luminosities, and a difference of n magnitudes in absolute magnitude corresponds to a luminosity ratio of 100n/5. For example, a star of absolute magnitude MV=3.0 would be 100 times as luminous as a star of absolute magnitude MV=8.0 as measured in the V filter band.
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In multilinear algebra, a tensor contraction is an operation on a tensor that arises from the natural pairing of a finite-dimensional vector space and its dual. In components, it is expressed as a sum of products of scalar components of the tensor(s) caused by applying the summation convention to a pair of dummy indices that are bound to each other in an expression. The contraction of a single mixed tensor occurs when a pair of literal indices (one a subscript, the other a superscript) of the tensor are set equal to each other and summed over. In the Einstein notation this summation is built into the notation.
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Subsequently, in 1934, the ANTA board, under acting chairman Charles Lloyd Jones, established a monthly travel magazine Walkabout which continued publication until 1974. It attracted widespread advertising support from tourism businesses and promoted aspects of Australia of which even its own citizens would have been unaware. It was assertively Australian in its ethos but took cues from other popular magazines of the period, such as the United States' National Geographic Magazine, and LIFE. From August 1946, Walkabout also doubled as the official journal of the newly formed Australian Geographical Society (AGS), founded with a £5,000 grant from ANTA, its banner subscript reading 'Journal of the Australian Geographical Society'.
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It is of importance, however, in the study of non-ω-models. The system consisting of ACA0 plus induction for all formulas is sometimes called ACA with no subscript. The system ACA0 is a conservative extension of first-order arithmetic (or first-order Peano axioms), defined as the basic axioms, plus the first-order induction axiom scheme (for all formulas φ involving no class variables at all, bound or otherwise), in the language of first-order arithmetic (which does not permit class variables at all). In particular it has the same proof-theoretic ordinal ε0 as first-order arithmetic, owing to the limited induction schema.
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In the US, the temperature is usually indicated in degrees Fahrenheit; a notation like D230 should be understood to mean D230F (D110C). When describing D-value generally for any temperature, like in the heading of a table, a common abbreviation is DT (where T stands for the temperature), where specific values for T may be given elsewhere. A numeric subscript may also be used to indicate some other level of reduction than 90%; for example, D10 denotes the time required for a 10% reduction. D-values are sometimes used to express a disinfectant's efficiency in reducing the number of microbes present in a given environment.
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It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum, Prolegomena, tables of the Eusebian Canons, lists of the (lists of contents) before every Gospel, "hypothesis" – explanatory of using of the Eusebian Canons (only in Matthew), and pictures of the four Evangelists, of the Saviour, and of the Virgin and Child. A few church lessons are set at the margin. The nomina sacra are contracted in a usual way. ; Errors Iota adscript occurs 17 times up to Luke 1:77, then ceases, but iota subscript first in Luke 1:77 (in the same hand and on same page as the last adscriptum) thence found 85 times, mostly with article after the proposition εν.
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This period saw the establishment of the Australian National Travel Association with bureaux in the UK and USA. The organisation received government funding on top of industry contributions and promoted the country 'vigorously' via a poster campaign, and from 1934–1974 via Walkabout magazine. From August 1946, Walkabout also doubled as the official journal of the newly formed Australian Geographical Society (AGS), founded with a £5,000 grant from ANTA, its banner subscript reading 'Journal of the Australian Geographical Society'. This role is now filled by Australian Geographic magazine. Later it became ‘Australia's Way of Life Magazine’ when supported by the Australian National Publicity Association and later the Australian Tourist Commission.
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The Greek minuscule script, which probably emerged from the cursive writing in Syria, appears more and more frequently from the 9th century onwards. It is the first script that regularly uses accents and spiritus, which had already been developed in the 3rd century BC. This very fluent script, with ascenders and descenders and many possible combinations of letters, is the first to use gaps between words. The last forms which developed in the 12th century were Iota subscript and word-final sigma (). The type for Greek majuscules and minuscules that was developed in the 17th century by a printer from the Antwerp printing dynasty, Wetstein, eventually became the norm in modern Greek printing.
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The digit will retain its meaning in other number bases, in general, because a higher number base would normally be a notational extension of the lower number base in any systematic organization. In the mathematical sciences there is virtually only one positional-notation numeral system for each base below 10, and this extends with few, if insignificant, variations on the choice of alphabetic digits for those bases above 10. The base-8 numeral 238 contains two digits, "2" and "3", and with a base number (subscripted) "8", means 19. In our notation here, the subscript "8" of the numeral 238 is part of the numeral, but this may not always be the case.
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However, this leaves many off-by-one errors and buffer overflows uncaught. Many programmers believe these languages sacrifice too much for rapid execution. In his 1980 Turing Award lecture, C. A. R. Hoare described his experience in the design of ALGOL 60, a language that included bounds checking, saying: > A consequence of this principle is that every occurrence of every subscript > of every subscripted variable was on every occasion checked at run time > against both the upper and the lower declared bounds of the array. Many > years later we asked our customers whether they wished us to provide an > option to switch off these checks in the interest of efficiency on > production runs.
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In Hindustani classical music, the ascending scale's notes are S R G M P D and N. Lower forms of notes are written in lower case, like r g m d n (S and P are fixed notes), while the first scale given above is that of higher form of the notes. The English notes C D E F G A and B correspond to S R G M P D and N, when C is taken as the tonal note (S is sung at C). In Carnatic music, the ascending scale's notes for the variant notes R G M D and N have a subscript number indicating the specific variant (see examples below).
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Unicode provides code points for some characters or groups of characters which are modified only for aesthetic reasons (such as ligatures, the half-width katakana characters, or the double-width Latin letters for use in Japanese texts), or to add new semantics without losing the original one (such as digits in subscript or superscript positions, or the circled digits (such as "①") inherited from some Japanese fonts). Such a sequence is considered compatible with the sequence of original (individual and unmodified) characters, for the benefit of applications where the appearance and added semantics are not relevant. However the two sequences are not declared canonically equivalent, since the distinction has some semantic value and affects the rendering of the text.
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The exponential Bell polynomial encodes the information related to the ways a set can be partitioned. For example, if we consider a set {A, B, C}, it can be partitioned into two non-empty, non- overlapping subsets, which is also referred to as parts or blocks, in 3 different ways: :{{A}, {B, C}} :{{B}, {A, C}} :{{C}, {B, A}} Thus, we can encode the information regarding these partitions as :B_{3,2}(x_1,x_2) = 3 x_1 x_2. Here, the subscripts of B3,2 tells us that we are considering the partitioning of set with 3 elements into 2 blocks. The subscript of each xi indicates the presence of block with i elements (or block of size i) in a given partition.
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Einstein notation can be applied in slightly different ways. Typically, each index occurs once in an upper (superscript) and once in a lower (subscript) position in a term; however, the convention can be applied more generally to any repeated indices within a term. When dealing with covariant and contravariant vectors, where the position of an index also indicates the type of vector, the first case usually applies; a covariant vector can only be contracted with a contravariant vector, corresponding to summation of the products of coefficients. On the other hand, when there is a fixed coordinate basis (or when not considering coordinate vectors), one may choose to use only subscripts; see ' below.
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In the Greek original translated as English "jot and tittle" are found the words iota and keraia ().Blue Letter Bible Iota is the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet (ι); the even smaller iota subscript was a medieval introduction. Alternatively, it may represent yodh (י), the smallest letter of the Hebrew and Aramaic alphabets (to which iota is related). "Keraia" is a hook or serif, possibly referring to other Greek diacritics, or possibly to the hooks on Hebrew letters (ב) versus (כ) or cursive scripts for languages derived from Aramaic, such as Syriac, written in Serṭā (, 'short line'),Grammatical analysis of Syriac Peshitta Gospel of Matthew verse 5:18 or for adding explicit vowel marks such as crowns (e.g.
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A chemical equation consists of the chemical formulas of the reactants (the starting substances) and the chemical formula of the products (substances formed in the chemical reaction). The two are separated by an arrow symbol (\rightarrow, usually read as "yields") and each individual substance's chemical formula is separated from others by a plus sign. As an example, the equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium can be denoted: :2 + 2 → 2 + This equation would be read as "two HCl plus two Na yields two NaCl and H two." But, for equations involving complex chemicals, rather than reading the letter and its subscript, the chemical formulas are read using IUPAC nomenclature.
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So-called voiced aspirated consonants are nearly always pronounced instead with breathy voice, a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds. The modifier letter after a voiced consonant actually represents a breathy-voiced or murmured dental stop, as with the "voiced aspirated" bilabial stop in the Indo-Aryan languages. This consonant is therefore more accurately transcribed as , with the diacritic for breathy voice, or with the modifier letter , a superscript form of the symbol for the voiced glottal fricative . Some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript to murmured sonorants, such as vowels and nasals, which are murmured throughout their duration, and use the superscript hook-aitch for the breathy-voiced release of obstruents.
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A three-dimensional plot of an indicator function, shown over a square two- dimensional domain (set ): the 'raised' portion overlays those two-dimensional points which are members of the 'indicated' subset (). In mathematics, an indicator function or a characteristic function is a function defined on a set that indicates membership of an element in a subset of , having the value 1 for all elements of and the value 0 for all elements of not in . It is usually denoted by a symbol 1 or , sometimes in boldface or blackboard boldface, with a subscript specifying the subset. In other contexts, such as computer science, this would more often be described as a boolean predicate function (to test set inclusion).
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A linear DDA starts by calculating the smaller of dy or dx for a unit increment of the other. A line is then sampled at unit intervals in one coordinate and corresponding integer values nearest the line path are determined for the other coordinate. Considering a line with positive slope, if the slope is less than or equal to 1, we sample at unit x intervals (dx=1) and compute successive y values as : y_{k+1} = y_k + m : x_{k+1} = x_k + 1 Subscript k takes integer values starting from 0, for the 1st point and increases by 1 until endpoint is reached. y value is rounded off to nearest integer to correspond to a screen pixel.
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Constantia was designed for either print or on-screen uses. Numerals are text figures by default, as seen on the sample image; the font also includes lining figures as an alternate style. Reviewing it for the website Typographica, Raph Levien described it as likely to be “everyone’s favourite face [in the suite]...a highly readable Roman font departing only slightly from the classical model, [but] it still manages to be fresh and new. It takes some inspiration from Perpetua...but the triangular serifs bring to mind a chisel, and the font has enough calligraphic flavor to recall Palatino.” Among other features, the design includes small capitals, alternative spacing and punctuation for all caps text, numbers enclosed by circles, and superscript and subscript glyphs.
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TUTOR's expression syntax did not look back to the syntax of FORTRAN, nor was it limited by poorly designed character sets of the era. For example, the PLATO IV character set included control characters for subscript and superscript, and TUTOR used these for exponentiation. Consider this command (from page IV-1 of The TUTOR Language, Sherwood, 1974): circle (412+72.62)1/2,100,200 The character set also included the conventional symbols for multiplication and division, `×` and `÷`, but in a more radical departure from the conventions established by FORTRAN, it allowed implicit multiplication, so the expressions `(4+7)(3+6)` and `3.4+5(23-3)/2` were valid, with the values 99 and 15.9, respectively (op cit). This feature was seen as essential.
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But if Bob (subscript "B") then measured his qubit, the outcome would be the same as the one Alice got. So, if Bob measured, he would also get a random outcome on first sight, but if Alice and Bob communicated, they would find out that, although their outcomes seemed random, they are perfectly correlated. This perfect correlation at a distance is special: maybe the two particles "agreed" in advance, when the pair was created (before the qubits were separated), which outcome they would show in case of a measurement. Hence, following Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen in 1935 in their famous "EPR paper", there is something missing in the description of the qubit pair given above—namely this "agreement", called more formally a hidden variable.
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Intuitively, problem A is reducible to problem B if an algorithm for solving problem B efficiently (if it existed) could also be used as a subroutine to solve problem A efficiently. When this is true, solving A cannot be harder than solving B. "Harder" means having a higher estimate of the required computational resources in a given context (e.g., higher time complexity, greater memory requirement, expensive need for extra hardware processor cores for a parallel solution compared to a single-threaded solution, etc.). The existence of a reduction from A to B can be written in the shorthand notation A ≤m B, usually with a subscript on the ≤ to indicate the type of reduction being used (m : mapping reduction, p : polynomial reduction).
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Numerals are used in music for all kinds of purposes: in MSN page numbers are distinguished from bar numbers, by being placed in circles, for example. In MSN the use of full size numerals for fingering rather than subscript size is a particular feature. Fingering numbers are also often place in a horizontal line rather than dipping up and down to follow the contour of the melody, enabling a user to memorise the melody and then just follow the fingering numbers. The need for text to follow easily from column to column, page to page, is especially important in MSN where page turns need to occur where possible at a place where there are bars or at least at suitable musical breaks.
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The following list are the graphically Latin letters in the Unicode Standard, regardless of whether they are defined as Latin script, as collated by shape (base letter) or by phonetic value.Collation Charts: Latin Many are hard-coded formatting variants. For example, the Q series starts out with full-width ｑ, bold 𝐪, italic 𝑞, bold italic 𝒒, script 𝓆, bold script 𝓺, Fraktur 𝔮, double- struck 𝕢, bold Fraktur 𝖖, sans-serif 𝗊, bold sans-serif 𝗾, italic sans-serif 𝘲, bold italic sans-serif 𝙦, monospace 𝚚. Small-capital, superscript, subscript and double-struck italic variants also appear, all of which can be handled by formatting or by choice of font when there is no semantic distinction to maintain.
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A conventional electrical unit (or conventional unit where there is no risk of ambiguity) is a unit of measurement in the field of electricity which is based on the so-called "conventional values" of the Josephson constant, the von Klitzing constant agreed by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) in 1988, as well as ΔνCs used to define the second. These units are very similar in scale to their corresponding SI units, but are not identical because of the different values used for the constants. They are distinguished from the corresponding SI units by setting the symbol in italic typeface and adding a subscript "90" – e.g., the conventional volt has the symbol V – as they came into international use on 1 January 1990.
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Hatsukoi - Asaki Yumemishi (初恋〜浅き夢みし〜, 'first love - shallow dreams') is a 1983 album by Kōzō Murashita for CBS Sony.新版日本流行歌史 - Volume 2 - Page 485 古茂田信男 - 1995 "初恋 村下孝蔵" The album is generally known by the large font title Hatsukoi, although the full title includes the small font subscript "Shallow dreams". The title track "Hatsukoi" had already been released as the artist's fifth single in February 1983, becoming his first major hit, and after his death remaining one of Murashita's best known and most covered songs. The other single from the album, "Odoriko", released the same day as the album, 25 August 1983, was also a hit.
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Rotis serif Rotis semi-serif Rotis semi-sans Rotis sans-serif It is a version of Rotis Sans designed by Monotype Imaging senior designer Robin Nicholas, and freelance designer Alice Savoie. It expands the original with extra three font weights (Light, Semi Bold, and Black) and italics, along with revised letter spacing and kerning, a new set of numerals with similar height to the capitals.Font News: Rotis II Sans, expanded and improved The family includes 14 fonts in seven weights, with complementary italics. OpenType features include access all alternates, case-sensitive forms, numerators/denominators, fractions, standard ligatures, localized forms (OpenType Pro fonts only), proportional/tabular figures, scientific inferiors, superscript/subscript, stylistic alternates, stylistic sets 1, 2 and 3 (OpenType Std fonts only).
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In Curwen's system, the notes of the major scale (of any key) are notated with the single letters d, r, m, f, s, l, and t. For notes above the principal octave, an apostrophe follows the letter; notes below the principal octave have a subscript mark. Chromatic alterations are marked by the following vowel, "e" for sharp (pronounced "ee") and "a" for flat (pronounced "aw"). Thus, the ascending and descending chromatic scale is notated: d de r re m f fe s se l le t d' d' t ta l la s sa f m ma r ra d Such chromatic notes appear only as ornaments or as preparation for a modulation; once the music has modulated, then the names for the new key are used.
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Recall that the torsion of a connection \omega can be expressed as :\Theta_\omega = D\theta = d\theta + \omega \wedge \theta where \theta is the solder form (tautological one-form). The subscript \omega serves only as a reminder that this torsion tensor was obtained from the connection. By analogy to the lowering of the index on torsion tensor on the section above, one can perform a similar operation with the solder form, and construct a tensor :\Sigma_\omega(X,Y,Z)=\langle\theta(Z), \Theta_\omega(X,Y)\rangle + \langle\theta(Y), \Theta_\omega(Z,X)\rangle \- \langle\theta(X), \Theta_\omega(Y,Z)\rangle Here \langle,\rangle is the scalar product. This tensor can be expressed asDavid Bleecker, "Gauge Theory and Variational Principles" (1982) D. Reidel Publishing (See theorem 6.2.
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As mentioned above, the four configurations with diacritics exemplified in the syllables are treated as dependent vowels in their own right, and come in that order at the end of the list of dependent vowels. Other configurations with the reăhmŭkh diacritic are ordered as if that diacritic were a final consonant coming after all other consonants. Words with the bântăk and sanhyoŭk sannha diacritics are ordered directly after identically spelled words without the diacritics. Vowels precede consonants in the ordering, so a combination of main and subscript consonants comes after any instance in which the same main consonant appears unsubscripted before a vowel. Words spelled with an independent vowel whose sound begins with a glottal stop follow after words spelled with the equivalent combination of ’â plus dependent vowel.
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Where there are more than two centres that are bridged a bridging index is added as a subscript. For example in basic beryllium acetate which can be visualised as a tetrahedral arrangement of Be atoms linked by 6 acetate ions forming a cage with a central oxide anion, the formula and name are as follows: :[Be4(μ4-O)(μ-O2CMe)6] :hexakis(μ-acetato-κO:κO′)-μ4-oxido- tetrahedro-tetraberyllium The μ4 describes the bridging of the central oxide ion. (Note the use of the kappa convention to describe the bridging of the acetate ion where both oxygen atoms are involved.) In the name where a ligand is involved in different modes of bridging, the multiple bridging is listed in decreasing order of complexity, e.g. μ3 bridging before μ2 bridging.
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In typical groundwater or seawater, the measured alkalinity is set equal to: : AT = [HCO3−]T \+ 2[CO32−]T \+ [B(OH)4−]T \+ [OH−]T \+ 2[PO43−]T \+ [HPO42−]T \+ [SiO(OH)3−]T − [H+]sws − [HSO4−] (Subscript T indicates the total concentration of the species in the solution as measured. This is opposed to the free concentration, which takes into account the significant amount of ion pair interactions that occur in seawater.) Alkalinity can be measured by titrating a sample with a strong acid until all the buffering capacity of the aforementioned ions above the pH of bicarbonate or carbonate is consumed. This point is functionally set to pH 4.5. At this point, all the bases of interest have been protonated to the zero level species, hence they no longer cause alkalinity.
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Subscript NA and SIGN AA do not similarly ligate, e.g. ((), encoded ) The geminate consonant is encoded separately because the word (, encoding ) has an appearance very different from , but one may have occasion to fold the final syllable to . Indeed, in 2019 to 2020 there was a campaign to establish the latter as its standard spelling. By contrast, the geminate consonant is encoded as the conjunct , even though some of its glyphs may resemble the hypothetical conjunct .
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Hoefler Text incorporates then-advanced features which have since become standard practice for font designers, such as automatic ligature insertion, real small capitals, optional old style figures and optional insertion of characters such as true superscript and subscript characters, the historical round and long s, engraved capitals and swashes. Hoefler Text also has a matching ornament font containing arabesque motifs. It was, until OpenType made alternate characters more common, one of only a few system fonts that contained old style, or ranging, figures, which are designed to harmonize with body text. Hoefler & Frere-Jones have expanded Hoefler Text to include additional typographic features, and the current commercial release now includes three weights (an additional bold weight beside the regular and black included with Macs) and two sets of engraved capitals, as well as the more slender display variant Hoefler Titling.
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In a positional numeral system, the radix or base is the number of unique digits, including the digit zero, used to represent numbers. For example, for the decimal/denary system (the most common system in use today) the radix (base number) is ten, because it uses the ten digits from 0 through 9. In any standard positional numeral system, a number is conventionally written as with x as the string of digits and y as its base, although for base ten the subscript is usually assumed (and omitted, together with the pair of parentheses), as it is the most common way to express value. For example, (100)10 is equivalent to 100 (the decimal system is implied in the latter) and represents the number one hundred, while (100)2 (in the binary system with base 2) represents the number four.
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The F1 fraction derives its name from the term "Fraction 1" and Fo (written as a subscript letter "o", not "zero") derives its name from being the binding fraction for oligomycin, a type of naturally-derived antibiotic that is able to inhibit the Fo unit of ATP synthase. The F1 particle is large and can be seen in the transmission electron microscope by negative staining. These are particles of 9 nm diameter that pepper the inner mitochondrial membrane. They were originally called elementary particles and were thought to contain the entire respiratory apparatus of the mitochondrion, but, through a long series of experiments, Efraim Racker and his colleagues (who first isolated the F1 particle in 1961) were able to show that this particle is correlated with ATPase activity in uncoupled mitochondria and with the ATPase activity in submitochondrial particles created by exposing mitochondria to ultrasound.
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Mixed radix numeral systems are non-standard positional numeral systems in which the numerical base varies from position to position. Such numerical representation applies when a quantity is expressed using a sequence of units that are each a multiple of the next smaller one, but not by the same factor. Such units are common for instance in measuring time; a time of 32 weeks, 5 days, 7 hours, 45 minutes, 15 seconds, and 500 milliseconds might be expressed as a number of minutes in mixed-radix notation as: ... 32, 5, 7, 45; 15, 500 ... ∞, 7, 24, 60; 60, 1000 or as :32∞577244560.15605001000 In the tabular format, the digits are written above their base, and a semicolon indicates the radix point. In numeral format, each digit has its associated base attached as a subscript, and the radix point is marked by a full stop or period.
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Let (X,d) be a metric space. The Gromov product of two points y, z \in X with respect to a third one x \in X is defined by the formula: :(y,z)_x = \frac 1 2 \left( d(x, y) + d(x, z) - d(y, z) \right). Gromov's definition of a hyperbolic metric space is then as follows: X is \delta-hyperbolic if and only if all x,y,z,w \in X satisfy the four-point condition : (x,z)_w \ge \min \left( (x,y)_w, (y,z)_w \right) - \delta Note that if this condition is satisfied for all x,y,z \in X and one fixed base point w_0, then it is satisfied for all with a constant 2\delta. Thus the hyperbolicity condition only needs to be verified for one fixed base point; for this reason, the subscript for the base point is often dropped from the Gromov product.
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The ancient Mesopotamian myth beginning Lugal-e ud me-lám-bi nir-ğál, also known as Ninurta's Exploits is a great epic telling of the warrior-god and god of spring thundershowers and floods, his deeds, waging war against his mountain rival á-sàg (“Disorder”; Akkadian: Asakku), destroying cities and crushing skulls, restoration of the flow of the river Tigris, returning from war in his “beloved barge” Ma-kar-nunta-ea and afterward judging his defeated enemies, determining the character and use of 49 stones, in 231 lines of the text. It is a bilingual work with origin in the late third millennium. It is actually named for the first word of the composition (lugal-e “king,” in the ergative case) in two first-millennium copies, although earlier (Old Babylonian) copies begin simply with lugal, omitting the case ending. A subscript identifies it as a “širsud of Ninurta” (a širsud meaning perhaps “lasting song”) or “zami (praise) of Ninurta” depending on the reading of the cuneiform characters.
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Neutralisation of the precursor ion beam is commonly performed by letting the beam pass through a gas cell.G. Serianni, et al., New Journal of Physics, Volume 19, April 2017 For a precursor negative ion beam at fusion-relevant energies, the key collisional processesIAEA Aladdin database are: : _D −_ \+ D2 -> _D 0_ \+ _e_ \+ D2 (singe electron detachment, with \sigma−10=1.13×10−20 m2 at 1MeV) : _D −_ \+ D2 -> _D +_ \+ _e_ \+ D2 (double electron detachment, with \sigma−11=7.22×10−22 m2 at 1MeV) : _D 0_ \+ D2 -> _D +_ \+ _e_ \+ D2 (reionization, with \sigma01=3.79×10−21 m2 at 1MeV) : _D +_ \+ D2 -> _D 0_ \+ D2+ (charge exchange, \sigma10 negligible at 1MeV) Subscript indicate the fast particles, while subscripts i,j of the cross-section \sigmaij indicate the charge state of fast particle before and after collision. Cross-sections at 1MeV are such that, once created, a fast positive ion cannot be converted into a fast neutral, and this is the cause of the limited achievable efficiency of gas neutralisers.
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An isotope and/or nuclide is specified by the name of the particular element (this indicates the atomic number) followed by a hyphen and the mass number (e.g. helium-3, helium-4, carbon-12, carbon-14, uranium-235 and uranium-239).IUPAC (Connelly, N. G.; Damhus, T.; Hartshorn, R. M.; and Hutton, A. T.), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry – IUPAC Recommendations 2005, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005; IUPAC (McCleverty, J. A.; and Connelly, N. G.), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry II. Recommendations 2000, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001; IUPAC (Leigh, G. J.), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (recommendations 1990), Blackwell Science, 1990; IUPAC, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition, 1970; probably in the 1958 first edition as well When a chemical symbol is used, e.g. "C" for carbon, standard notation (now known as "AZE notation" because A is the mass number, Z the atomic number, and E for element) is to indicate the mass number (number of nucleons) with a superscript at the upper left of the chemical symbol and to indicate the atomic number with a subscript at the lower left (e.g.
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To compare the constraint-based polyhedral model to prior approaches such as individual loop transformations and the unimodular approach, consider the question of whether we can parallelize (execute simultaneously) the iterations of following contrived but simple loop: for i := 0 to N do A(i) := (A(i) + A(N-i))/2 Approaches that cannot represent symbolic terms (such as the loop-invariant quantity N in the loop bound and subscript) cannot reason about dependencies in this loop. They will either conservatively refuse to run it in parallel, or in some cases speculatively run it completely in parallel, determine that this was invalid, and re-execute it sequentially. Approaches that handle symbolic terms but represent dependencies via direction vectors or distance vectors will determine that the i loop carries a dependence (of unknown distance), since for example when N=10 iteration 0 of the loop writes an array element (A(0)) that will be read in iteration 10 (as A(10-10)) and reads an array element (A(10-0)) that will later be overwritten in iteration 10 (as A(10)). If all we know is that the i loop carries a dependence, we once again cannot safely run it in parallel.
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