A stipule is "intrapetiolar" if it is located in the angle that's between a stem and a petiole. In this case, the two stipules generally form together and appear to be one stipule. A stipule is "ochreate" if a single stipule appears to be a solid tube that goes all the way around the stem. A stipule is "foliaceous" if it is leaf-like.
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Stipules can be considered free lateral, adnate, interpetiolar, intrapetiolar, ochreate, foliaceous, bud scales, tendrillar or spiny. A stipule can be fused to the stem, or to the other stipule from the same node. A stipule is "adnate" if it's fused together on part of the petiole length, but the anterior is still free. A stipule is "interpetiolar" if it is located in between the petioles, as opposed to being attached to the petioles, and generally one stipule from each leaf is fused together, so it appears that there's just one stipule between each leaf.
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Image:Stuckenia vaginata.jpg The main difference between Stuckenia and Potamogeton is that the stipule joins the leaf base; when it is pulled the sheath and stipule comes away, similar to a grass sheath and ligule. Stuckenia vaginata is 1–4 metres long and has longer stipule sheaths than e.g. Stuckenia pecinata and Stuckenia filiformis.
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A stipule is considered "spiny" if they are long and pointy. These are generally used to deter animals. A stipule is considered to be "abaxial", "counter" or "leaf opposed" if it's located on the opposite side to where the leaf meets the stem.
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These herbs have rhizomes but not turions. Tubers can be absent or present. The main difference between Stuckenia and Potamogeton is that the stipule joins the leaf base. When it is pulled the sheath and stipule comes away, similar to a grass sheath and ligule.
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Psychotria; other subgenera of Psychotria lack the well developed reddish brown trichomes inserted above the stipule scars. On the upper stems of P. viridis these features are obscured by a stipule (see below), which covers the trichomes; the scar actually marks the point where this structure has fallen off.
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Canarium latistipulatum is a tree in the family Burseraceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "wide stipule".
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These are generally used to photosynthesize. A stipule is considered a "bud scale" if it is hard or scaly and protects leaf buds as they form. These generally fall off as soon as the leaf unfolds. A stipule is considered "tendrillar" if they are long thin tendrils, and are generally used by climbing plants.
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In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth borne on either side (sometimes just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). A pair of stipules is considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many species the stipules are inconspicuous or entirely absent (and the leaf is then termed exstipulate). In some older botanical writing, the term "stipule" was used more generally to refer to any small leaves or leaf-parts, notably prophylls. The word stipule was coined by LinnaeusConcise English Dictionary Wordsworth Editions Ltd.
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Detail of stipule and compressed stem. Hybrids with P. acutifolius (P. × bambergensis Fischer), P. oxyphyllus (P. × faurei Miki) and P. trichoides (P.
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Ficus triradiata, commonly known as the red stipule fig is a hemiepiphytic fig that is endemic to the wet tropical rainforests of northeastern Queensland, Australia.
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The petiole ranges between long and is notably very hairy. It bears a stipule up to half the petiole length which hosts many simple straight hairs in addition to some glandular hairs.
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Stipules are morphologically variable and might appear as glands, scales, hairs, spines, or laminar (leaf-like) structures. If a single stipule goes all the way around the stem, it is known as an ochrea.
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There may or may not be normal pinnate leaves at the tip of the phyllode. A stipule, present on the leaves of many dicotyledons, is an appendage on each side at the base of the petiole, resembling a small leaf. Stipules may be lasting and not be shed (a stipulate leaf, such as in roses and beans), or be shed as the leaf expands, leaving a stipule scar on the twig (an exstipulate leaf). The situation, arrangement, and structure of the stipules is called the "stipulation".
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The leaves have an alternate arrangement and are entire with serrated margins. No stipule is present on the petiole. An annual plant, its flowering period is from March to May. Like most angiosperms, its flowers are hermaphroditic.
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Twining or arboreous. Leaves very large, unequally pinnated: > leaflets opposite, with a setaceous partial stipule at the base of each > partial petiole. Racemes axillary, more or less branched and compound. > Flowers pretty large, purplish, pedicelled on shortish diverging partial > peduncles.
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This biennial or perennial herb was not higher than 12 cm and had a glabrous stem. The light green leaves were thick and fleshy. The stipule was cut and had an entire central lobe. The relatively large flowers were zygomorphic.
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The leaves stem short and erect from prostrate rooting stems. They are simple, opposite leaves, with aromatic glands and no stipule. The leaves are connate by flattened petioles. The lamina is simple, minutely denticulate on the margin, and leathery on the surface.
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The Sapotoideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Sapotaceae. Plants in the subfamily are characterized by their leather-like leaves, often growing in a stipule fashion. The seeds of the tree Argania spinosa produce an edible oil, traditionally harvested in Morocco.
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Ptisana purpurascens is a large fern belonging to the botanical family Marattiaceae. It has a globular rhizome with stipule-like fleshy outgrowths. The leaves are dark green, twice pinnate and up to 1 metre long. Every pinnule has up to six pairs of leaflets.
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Cork University Press. While it superficially resemble bindweeds in the genus Convolvulus there are many notable differences; it has ocrea (stipule-sheath at nodes), which Convolvulus does not; and Convolvulus has conspicuous trumpet-shaped flowers while Black-bindweed has flowers that are unobtrusive and only about 4 mm long.
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The morphology of the stipule is an important character for species identification. The stems have small scales. The flowers, which are often overlooked, are greenish-brown and are composed of four rounded segments borne in a spike. They are 2-4 merous, with superior ovaries and anthers that turn outward.
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Columbia University Press: New York, NY 1981. but recent molecular evidence suggests otherwise. While Nothofagus shares a number of common characteristics with the Fagaceae, such as cupule fruit structure, it differs significantly in a number of ways, including distinct stipule and pollen morphology, as well as having a different number of chromosomes.Takhtajan, Armen.
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It is a climbing vine with three to five lobed palmate leaves. Large stipule-like bracts with cilliate margins are found on the axils of the leaves and fruits. It is a monoecious plant with male flowers in raceme inflorescences and female flowers solitary. Fruits are borne in the months of December to January.
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The leaflets decrease in size as they approach the end of the compound leaf. At the base of each petiole is oval-shaped stipule with a serrated margin, measuring approximately long and wide. The yellow flowers are borne on spike-like racemes. Each flower is wide with five yellow petals and five to ten stamens.
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The plants are large shrubs or small trees up to tall. The bark is white and smooth with lenticellate blaze. Whitish. branchlets are terete (cylindrical and circular in cross section) with glandular stinging hairs. Leaves are simple, alternate, spiral, with stipule caducous (falling off prematurely or easily) and leaving scar Petiole is long, terete, with glandular stinging hairs.
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Scopulophila rixfordii produces a branching stem 10 to 30 centimeters long which anchors to its substrate by a taproot. It has areas of woolly fibers on the stem but is mostly hairless. There are small, fleshy green leaves with linear or lance-shaped blades oppositely arranged along the stem. Each is accompanied by a small, pointed stipule.
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Thomasia angustifolia is a small shrub that grows to about high and wide. The dark green leaves are long and wide. The leaf edge is smooth and the leaf surface covered in star shaped hairs. The stipule a small appendage at the base of the leaf, only present on young leaves, is long and quickly shed.
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The trees of this genus typically grew to in height with leafy foliage reminiscent of some conifers. The large fern- like fronds were thickly set with fan-shaped leaflets or pinnae. The trunks of some species exceeded in diameter. The branches were borne in spiral arrangement, and a forked stipule was present at the base of each branch.
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Each leaf has a large stipule which forms a wide, membranous ochrea. The ochrea is up to 2 centimeters (0.8 inches) long and is persistent, fraying into fibrous, silvery shreds that remain on the plant through the seasons. Flowers occur in the leaf axils. Each is up to a centimeter (0.4 inches) wide with five narrow white or pinkish corolla lobes.
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The spurred stipule is up to 1.5 centimeters long. The inflorescence is made up of 1 to 6 flowers with reddish- or purple-streaked yellow or whitish corollas. The long, narrow legume pod is up to 4.8 centimeters long and is straight or curved, with up to 13 chambers. It contains black or brown kidney- shaped seeds each 2 or 3 millimeters long.
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Leaves on the sterile stems are linear, stiff, and grow opposite on the stem, measuring long. Leaves are densely crowded on sterile stems, are auricled at their base, and have a minutely serrated margin. The tip of the fibrous pale stipule is as long or longer than its sheath. Leaves born on flowering stems are remote and reduced, with stipules with shorter tips.
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This plant is a perennial herb with a branching stem taking a prostrate form on the ground and growing up to about 50 centimeters long. The leaves are bifoliolate, each made up of two leaflets, which are widely lance-shaped and up to 4 centimeters long. At the base is a stipule up to a centimeter in length. The herbage is hairless to lightly hairy.
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The simple pits are located along the vessel wall and in contact with the parenchyma. Leaves are deciduous or evergreen, usually alternate (rarely opposite),Northern United States (1897), page 25 estipulate (without stipule) and imparipinnate (rarely paripinnate or bipinnate), usually with opposite leaflats (rarely alternate), while others are trifoliolate or simple or unifoliolate (very rarely simple leaves are palmate). Leaf architecture is very diverse. Primary venation is pinnate (rarely palmate).
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California Native Plant Society Rare Plant Profile It is a resident of salt marsh and other wet coastal habitat. Polygonum marinense is an annual herb producing a ribbed, reddish stem growing prostrate or erect to a maximum height near 40 centimeters (16 inches). The narrow oval or lance-shaped leaves are alternately arranged along the slender stem. Each reddish leaf has a funnel- shaped stipule that wraps around the leaf base to form an ochrea.
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A. sericicarpus measures up to 30–40 m, stipule are lanceolate and measure at 6–12 cm and its dark green leaves are elliptic and ovate and measure at 20–70 cm by 10–50 cm. The tree's bark is also used to make barkcloth. The fruit is hairy, and looks like a giant rambutan. When the globular fruits (15 cm diameter) are ripe, the skins are bright orange, covered with hair.
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Duckweeds belong to the order Alismatales and the family Araceae. (a) is a phylogenetic tree based on ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase large-subunit genes. (b) is a schematic ventral view of Spirodela, to show the clonal, vegetative propagation of duckweeds. Daughter fronds (F1) originate from the vegetative node (No), from the mother frond F0 and remain attached to it by the stipule (Sti), which eventually breaks off, thereby releasing a new plant cluster.
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The leaves are light green when mature, up to long, and attached alternately to the stem by short petioles. They are bi- or tripinnate in composition, with about five pairs of pinnae and three to nine leaflets on each pinna. Each leaflet is × in size and elliptical to ovate in shape, with an acute tip and a round-to-cuneate base. Stipule-like extrafloral nectaries are typically present at the base of the leaves.
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Most species, however, are shrub or tree-like, ranging in height from 5 m or less to as much as 12 m. All species save one have spines on their branchlets, which are a modified form of stipule; some species have spines in other locations as well. In African species, the spines are clustered in groups of three, two large spines and one small one in the middle. In other species, the spines come in groups of two.
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Begonia adamsensis is an endemic species of Begonia discovered in Adams, Ilocos Norte province, Luzon, Philippines occurring at an altitude of 308 m above sea level. The species broad-based leaves that are peltate, with a glabrous peduncle, an acuminate tip and nearly entire margin, resembled that of Begonia hernandioides. However, there are differences, in that B. hernandioides had red-colored stipule that is broadly ovate, the petiole and abaxial lamina is pubescent, and the peltate leaves are elliptic.
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Stems of this wildflower vary between five and fifteen centimeters in length, with linear leaves manifesting alternately.Sharsmith 1961 Univ Calif Publ Bot 32:235–314 The leaves are typically not planar and not clasping, and stipule glands are well developed with red exudate. Inflorescences are dense, with cymes characteristically open and 0.5 to 8.0 millimeter pedicels somewhat thread-like and ascending. The flower has five hairy sepals, which are three to four millimeters in size, whose margins are minutely glandular.
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The position of stipules on a plant varies widely from species to species, though they are often located near the base of a leaf. Stipules are most common on dicotyledons, where they appear in pairs alongside each leaf. Some monocotyledon plants display stipule-like structures, but only display one per leaf. A relationship exists between the anatomy of the stem node and the presence or absence of stipules: most plants with trilacunar nodes have stipules; species with unilacunar nodes lack stipules.
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Polygonum parryi is a small annual herb forming mats or cushions of short, angled stems growing erect up to 7 or 8 centimeters (2.8–3.2 inches) in height. The greenish brown stems are lined densely and evenly with linear, spine-tipped leaves. The lowest leaves are longest, reaching up to 2 centimeters (0.8 inches) long, while leaves near the branch tips are small and scale-like. Each leaf has a thin, wide stipule which forms a fringed, fibrous ochrea around the base of the leaf.
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The leaves are alternate, or in some species they appear paired, are simple 1–9 cm long and 0.5–5 cm broad. The opposite-leaved appearance of some species is unusual in that one stipule is enlarged giving the appearance of opposite ["paired"] leaves. The flowers are small, yellow or greenish, strongly fragrant, with a 4-5-lobed calyx and no petals but conspicuous long, often brightly colored, stamens; flowering is in spring. The fruit is a red to black berry 3–10 mm diameter.
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Some species, especially in ponds and very slow-moving waters, have floating leaves which tend to be opaque with a leathery texture. Leaf shape has been found to be highly plastic, with variability due to changes in light, water chemistry, planting depth, sediment conditions, temperature, photo period, waves, and seasonality. All Potamogeton have a delicate membranous sheathing scale, the stipule, at the leaf axil. This may be wholly attached, partly attached, or free of the leaf, and it may have inrolled margins or appear as a tube.
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Leaves are (simple). Leaves may appear one at a time (singly) with each occurrence on alternating sides of the stem (alternate),Apocynaceae, Thomas Rosatti, Jepson Herbarium but usually occur in pairs ( and rarely in whorls). When paired, they occur on opposite sides of the stem (opposite), with each pair occurring at an angle rotated 90° to the pair below it (decussate). There is no stipule (a small leaf-like structure at the base of the leaf stem), or stipules are small and sometimes fingerlike.
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Van Wyk, Van Wyk. 2007. How to identify trees in South Africa. Struik. spines are derived from leaves (either the entire leaf or some part of the leaf that has vascular bundles inside, like the petiole or a stipule), and prickles are derived from epidermis tissue (so that they can be found anywhere on the plant and do not have vascular bundles inside). Leaf margins may also have teeth, and if those teeth are sharp, they are called spinose teeth on a spinose leaf margin (some authors consider them a kind of spine).
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At the base of the leaf, the stalk is subtended by a small, tooth-like stipule that is blunt and rounded at the base. The leaves are mainly pale green, often with purple blotches, and covered in short to long soft hairs, particularly on the edges of the leaf. The lamina is very thin with veins that are visible on both sides of the leaf. Domatia are present on the surface of leaves between veins, on the midrib, and near the edges on the underside of the leaf.
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Pilea, with 600–715 species, is the largest genus of flowering plants in the nettle family Urticaceae, and one of the larger genera in the Urticales. It is distributed throughout the tropics, subtropics, and warm temperate regions (with the exception of Australia and New Zealand). The majority of species are succulent shade-loving herbs or shrubs, which are easily distinguished from other Urticaceae by the combination of opposite leaves (with rare exceptions) with a single ligulate intrapetiolar stipule in each leaf axil and cymose or paniculate inflorescences (again with rare exceptions). Pilea is of little economic importance; six species have horticultural value (P.
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Mostly there are several flowering stems in each plant, which sometimes carry one, small, leaflike stipule and usually one, rarely 2 flowers of about 2½ cm across. As all marsh-marigolds, it lacks petals, but the five to nine (most often six) sepals are petal-like, strikingly yellow, inverted egg-shaped with a blunt tip, 10-15 x 6–8 mm. There are between twenty and forty stamens with flattened yellow filaments that carry yellow pollen, and encircle between ten and twenty carpels which are linear-oblong and prolonged into the persistent style, topped by an oblique and curved stigma. After pollination, the carpels develop into follicles of about 10x3 mm on 1½-3 mm long stalks.
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The stem bears conspicuous and prominent round scars of petioles, inflorescences and stipules in a spiral pattern. Branches nearly as thick as the stem, up to 1–1.5 cm thick and up to 15 cm tall, with pronounced markings of leaf-, inflorescence- and stipule-scars. Leaves alternate, crowded at the top of stems and branches; stipules subulate from a broad base, 1–2 mm long, mostly long persistent; petiole 1–3.6 cm long, puberulous; blade lanceolate to ovate, obovate or elliptic, 1.8–18 x 1–2.5 cm, cuneate to rounded at the base, rounded, obtuse or acuminate at the apex, with entire, crenulate, crisp or denticulate margins, scabridulous above, sparsely puberulous below. Flower structures grayish or green (or orange/pinkish).
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The fig fruit is an enclosed inflorescence, sometimes referred to as a syconium, an urn-like structure lined on the inside with the fig's tiny flowers. The unique fig pollination system, involving tiny, highly specific wasps, known as fig wasps that enter via ostiole these subclosed inflorescences to both pollinate and lay their own eggs, has been a constant source of inspiration and wonder to biologists. Finally, three vegetative traits together are unique to figs. All figs possess a white to yellowish latex, some in copious quantities; the twig has paired stipules or a circular stipule scar if the stipules have fallen off; and the lateral veins at the base of the leaf are steep, forming a tighter angle with the midrib than the other lateral veins, a feature referred to as "triveined".
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Tropaeolum incisum is a perennial herbaceous plant with a tuber deep underground and a usually unbranched, procumbent and sometimes climbing stem of usually up to about 60 cm long and 4 mm in diameter. The plant is entirely without hairs. The leaves are alternate and without stipule, with leafstems of 2–5 cm long and leafblades approximately round (1½-3½ cm), palmately divided into five to nine (mostly seven) blue-grey leaflets, with thin purplish edges particularly on younger growth. These leaflets are themselves deeply pinnately incised with two to seven lanceolate lobes, which in turn may have some teeth, with a blunt tip that sometimes ends abruptly in a sharp point and which are folded in a V-shape along their midveins. The flowers are bisexual and zygomorphic, are carried on stems of 4–10 cm long.
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C. scaposa differs from C. palustris that co-occurs with it over its entire distribution area because it is much smaller (usually below 20 cm versus usually over 30 cm), leaves are much smaller (1–4 cm compared to 3–25 cm long), flowers are usually solitary (but sometimes with two) with twenty to forty stamens, on a stem that mostly is nude, but occasionally has one small stipule (in C. palustris flowers have fifty to one hundred twenty stamens and are usually with four to nine on a stem that has several stipules, although one or two flowers per stem sometimes occur). The most conclusive difference is the stipitate (stalked) follicles in C. scaposa which are sessile (seated) in C. palustris. The general hart- or kidney-shape of the leaves and the yolk yellow of the flowers are shared characters. C. natans is a floating species with leaves along the rooting stems and with white or pink flowers of less than 1½ cm.
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