" Pay homage to "firegreen yucca under fire-ribbed clouds / blue-green agave grown huge in flower" and the spectacle of "bloodred bract from spiked stem / tossing on the ocean.
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Line drawings of fertile units. A, adaxial view of a bract from Fig. 33. Arrow 1 showing a distal segment of bract, arrow 2 lateral segments of bract, arrow 3 depression marking position of sporangial attachment, arrow 4 vertical depressions possibly representing epidermal cells. B, abaxial view of a bract showing lateral segments and basal pendulous sporangia (arrow).
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Dotted lines indicate projections representing lateral segments preserved under bract. C, abaxial view of a fertile unit from Fig. 37 showing a bract bearing lateral segments and basal sporangia. Dotted lines indicate projections representing lateral segments preserved under bract.
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A small bract is called a bracteole or bractlet. Technically this is any bract that arises on a pedicel instead of subtending it.
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White arrows indicating distal segment of bract, black arrow sporangia at base of bract. Hu-19. Scale bar = 2 mm. Fig. 29. Bract in abaxial view showing lateral segments (upper arrow) and basal sporangia (lower arrow). Hu-A1. Scale bar = 2 mm.
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These are accompanied by a stiff bract extending past the flowers.
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D, E, oblique abaxial view of fertile units showing a bract with lateral segments and basal pendulous sporangia. F, side view of a fertile unit from Fig. 28 illustrating a bract with distal segment (arrow), lateral segments and basal sporangia. In side view, it is clear that many pendulous sporangia are abaxially attached at the base of a bract (Figs 28, black arrow, 39, arrow, 42F). It is also the case in abaxial (Figs 29, lower arrow, 37, arrow, 42B, arrow, 42C) and oblique abaxial (Figs 35, 36, black arrow) views of a bract.
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Renealmia alpinia is a flowering plant species native to the Americas, where it grows from southern Mexico through much of South America, though not in the Southern Cone. It can also be found on several Caribbean islands. In Quechua it is called misk'i p'anqa (misk'i sweet; honey, p'anqa bract, "sweet bract" or "honey bract"). The name alludes to R. alpinia's value as a culinary herb, especially for flavoring fish.
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AMP modified BRACT by adding a system for calculating the effects of ground planes.
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Banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae.
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Bract and bracteole present, very unequal, white, membranous with long tapering, rather flaccid tips.
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Bracts on the peduncle subtend axillary buds that become these lateral stalks. One bract within this whorl is a sterile bract. The bicolor unit is a variable structure in complexity, but the presence of fertile and sterile bracts is a salient character.
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Many asteraceous plants have bracts at the base of each inflorescence. The term involucre is also used for a highly conspicuous bract or bract pair at the base of an inflorescence. In the family Betulaceae, notably in the genera Carpinus and Corylus, the involucre is a leafy structure that protects the developing nuts. Beggar-tick (Bidens comosa) has narrow involucral bracts surrounding each inflorescence, each of which also has a single bract below it.
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The pistillate flower has a reddish or brownish bract with a gold center and white tip.
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Leaves it has none, just a scarious brown bract that encloses a part of the stem.
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There is a tendency for the leaves to cluster near the top of the stem or stems. A conspicuous, slightly ciliate bract with 5-9 lobes is located where the leaf petiole meets the stem. This bract wraps around the inflorescence, which consists of a green cyathium.
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Bract 5.0–6.7 mm long and c. 2.0 mm wide, with distal and lateral segments, respectively, 1.5–8.0 mm long by c. 0.2 mm wide and 2.0–(3.1)−3.8 mm long by 0.2–0.3 mm wide. 10–18 lateral segments attached to bract at 65–85°.
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Whorls of much divided vegetative leaves inserted at nearly right angles to nodes of basal axes, at acute angles to nodes of terminal axes. Terminal strobilus possessing a central axis and verticils of fertile units; each consisting of a bract and numerous sporangia; elongate-cuneate bract bearing a distal and many lateral elongate segments. Pendulous elongate sporangia abaxially attached to base of bract at the same level. Actinostele comprising three-ribbed primary xylem and radial secondary xylem.
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"Reproductive trade-offs maintain bract color polymorphism in Scarlet Indian paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea)". PLoS ONE 14: e0209176. .
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The bract can be ten times longer than the spadix. The leaves are linear with entire margin.
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In botanical terminology, a phyllary, also known an involucral bract or tegule, is a single bract of the involucre of a composite flower. The involucre is the grouping of bracts together. Phyllaries are reduced leaf-like structures that form one or more whorls immediately below a flower head.
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The bract enclosing the seed has a long tapered tip (beak), which gives the plant its common name.
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Abacá is vulnerable to a number of pathogens, notably abaca bunchy top virus and abaca bract mosaic virus.
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Brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea) is different in having pale brown bract appendages, no pappus. Flowers August until September.
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23 showing lateral fertile units consisting of a bract with segments and sporangia attached at the same level. White arrows indicating elongate sporangia in abaxial view, black arrows distal segment of bract. Hu-18. Scale bar = 5 mm. Fig. 25. Strobilus bearing up to 16 whorls of fertile units. Hu-23.
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The eudoxid (reproductive stage) soon becomes detached. It has a cone-shaped, asymmetric bract with a wide flanged suture running from apex to base. The right edge of the bract is curved while the left edge is truncated horizontally. The lower surface has a small cavity in which the somatocyst is situated.
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Mentzelia montana, known by the common name variegated bract blazingstar, is a species of flowering plant in the family Loasaceae.
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The inflorescence appears in July in the native habitat of the species and takes the form of a dense spike about long. Each flower has a complex structure. A red bract surrounds the sepals, which are largely fused, forming a tubular calyx, split along one side. The calyx is shorter than the bract, being long.
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The blades entire or more frequently dentate or crenate, pinnately or palmately veined. There are several types of inflorescence, terminal or axillary, frequently both, unisexual or androgynous. Male inflorescences spicate, densely flowered, with several flowers at each node subtended by a minute bract. Female inflorescences generally spicate, sometimes racemose or panicle-shaped, with 1–3(–5) flowers at each node, usually subtended by a large bract, increasing and foliaceous in the fruit, generally dentate or lobed; sometimes subtended by a small bract, entire or lobed, non accrescent in the fruit.
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As to Hamatophyton, each sporangiophore at the strobilar node bifurcates into two parts. The shorter part acts as a possible bract, the longer one results in two adaxially recurved long stalks, each of which terminates in an elliptical sporangium. Two sporangia are more or less parallel to the sporangiophore before bifurcation. In Rotafolia, however, each fertile unit of the strobilus has an elongate-cuneate bract that bears a distal segment and 10–18 lateral elongate segments. 6–10 elongate abaxial sporangia are pendulous at the base of the bract.
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Abaca bract mosaic virus (ABrMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. Attempts have been made to sequence ABrMV.
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Higher magnification of bract in Fig. 33 showing lines of depressions possibly representing epidermal cells. Hu-22. Scale bar = 2 mm.
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The flowers occur in groups of 3 or fewer on a rachis. Flowers are attached to the rachis by fleshy, densely hairy pedicels that are 4.5-9 by 0.8-1.5 millimeters. The pedicels have an oval, basal bract that is 1.5 by 2 millimeters, and another upper bract that is 1-2.5 by 1.5-2.5 millimeters.
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The pedunculate inflorescences are spike-like, with alternate scale-like free bracts. In the axil of each bract, there are one to three flowers, partially fused to each other, to the bract and to the inflorescence axis, appearing sunken into fleshy axis. The flowers are bisexual. The 4-5-lobed perianth consists of four to five connate tepals.
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The peduncle is 3-15 cm long, with one or two bract-pairs (not 15-40 cm long with 2-5 bract pairs like those of Crassula subacaulis). The tips of its 2-3mm long petals are roughly twice as long as they are broad, and have rounded appendages (not beaked/rostrate like those of Crassula atropurpurea).
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Both the peduncles and pedicels are densely covered in gold colored hairs. The pedicels are subtended by a triangular, 1.5-2 millimeter long bract that is covered in dense gold colored hairs. The pedicels have a second oval to triangular bract at their midpoint that is 2-4 millimeters long and covered in dense gold colored hairs.
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In adaxial view, about 2.0 mm above the attachment point to the strobilar axis, the bract blade possesses a linear depression (Fig. 42A, arrow 3) indicating the position where the abaxial sporangia were once attached. Corresponding to this example, abaxial sporangia are pendulous at the bract 3.3 mm away from the node of the strobilar axis (Fig.
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The bracts are also very short, about long and wide, with only about two thirds of the bract actually usable for weaving.
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Each bract often has a red midstripe. The head bears rings of ray florets, usually yellow to pale yellow, but sometimes white.
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The bract is broadovate, with a caudate end. Perianth lobes are broadoval and long with a round end and green midrib on the underside.
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The plant has an acute apex with involucre-like bract of about six to nine. Flowers range from .5 to 1.2 centimeters in diameter.
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91 cm., borne at 32 cm. above the base of the peduncle, 11.5 cm. wide, narrowly 2-winged; peduncular bract deciduous, about 80 cm.
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The leaves sheath the stems and have short, narrow blades. The inflorescence is a cluster of several spikelets accompanied by a long, stiff, stemlike bract.
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The inflorescence is a cluster of brown, pale green, or straw-colored flowers accompanied by one bract which appears as an extension of the stem.
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Black dashed line shows the cross-section. 1 – position of the main axis; 2 – cross-section through the lateral flower; 3 – bracteole; 4 – subtending bract.
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The fruit is a small nut about 3–6 mm long, held in a leafy bract; the bract may be either trilobed or simple oval, and is slightly asymmetrical. The asymmetry of the seedwing makes it spin as it falls, improving wind dispersal. The shape of the wing is important in the identification of different hornbeam species. Typically, 10–30 seeds are on each seed catkin.
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There are two glabrous bracts. The lower one is spathulate, 40 to 80 mm long, 4 to 6 mm wide, with 8 to 13 veins. It is slightly longer than the inflorescence or almost equal. The upper bract is linear-lanceolate, with 3 to 5 veins. It is 15 to 25 mm long, 1 to 2 mm wide, 3 to 17 mm above the lower bract.
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The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers, each flower surrounded by six hairy bracts which are grayish to pink in color and tipped with awns. One bract is longer than the others and has a straight awn, and the other smaller bracts may have hooked awns. The tiny flower at the center of the bract array is a few millimeters wide and white and yellow in color.
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Species of Oziroe grow from bulbs, which have contractile roots as well as normal ones. Each bulb produces only a few leaves, which are thick and grooved. The flowering stem (scape) appears at the same time as the leaves. It has bract along its length, with generally one or two flowers on straight stalks (pedicels) appearing from the angle between each bract and the scape.
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The head is made of a cluster of bracts and the tip of the bract is bent out. Seeds are pale brown and may disperse 60 feet when not spread by animals. The bent bract often allows the head to catch a ride on passing animals and is considered the mechanism for long distant dispersal. Older plants may have multiple rosettes on top of the long taproot.
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In the axil of each bract, there are one to five (rarely to twelve) flowers, free or sometimes fused to each other, to the bract, and to the inflorescence axis. The flowers are usually bisexual (the lateral flowers may be unisexual). The 2-5-lobed perianth consists of two to five connate tepals. There are one or two stamens and an ovary with mostly two stigmas.
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The palea (bract like organs found within species of grass) tends to be long and blackish, in which the upper part consists of bent and twisted awns.
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Its petioles are 3-7 by 1.2 millimeters and covered in sparse, fine hairs. The flowers are on fleshy, densely hairy pedicels that are 2.5-5 by 0.5-0.9 millimeters. The pedicels have an oval, basal bract that is 1 by 1 millimeters, and another upper bract that is 1-1.5 by 1-2 millimeters. Its flowers have 3 oval sepals that are 1.5-2 by 2-2.5 millimeters.
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Pseudolmedia hirtula is a flowering monoecious species so it has both male and female flowers that bloom. The male flowers are disk like in shape and have triangular, oblong, or spear shaped bract, which are leaves that have formed around the outside of a flower to help protect it. The female flowers will have triangular to oval shaped bract. Fruit from the tree is ellipsoid to oblong in shape.
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Their blades are cup- or collar-like or deltoid to semi-circular scales. In the axil of each bract, there are three to five (rarely one or seven) flowers, free or sometimes fused to each other, to the bract, and to the inflorescence axis. The flowers are hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. They consist of a 2-3-lobed perianth of connate tepals, one stamen, and an ovary with two stigmas.
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The bract color is variable within and between populations. The bracts are divided into lobes, a characteristic that can help identify the plant. Blooming occurs in July.Castilleja kaibabensis.
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Inflorescence an erect terminal and lateral raceme, up to 30 cm long, 12–20-flowered. Pedicel c. 3–7 mm long. Bract minute; bracteoles 2, below the calyx.
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The two genera are separated on the basis of the notable size difference between the Palaeocarpinus and Kardiasperma fossils and the lack of a surrounding bract on the Kardiasperma.
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Sporangia are elongate in shape, showing no evident morphological differences with the lateral segments of the bract. Unfortunately, we have not found any spores or dehiscence of these sporangia.
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Plants in this family have simple, opposite, decussated leaves with entire (or sometimes toothed, lobed, or spiny) margins, and without stipules. The leaves may contain cystoliths, calcium carbonate concretions, seen as streaks on the surface. The flowers are perfect, zygomorphic to nearly actinomorphic, and arranged in an inflorescence that is either a spike, raceme, or cyme. Typically, a colorful bract subtends each flower; in some species, the bract is large and showy.
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Its petioles are 3-6 by 1-1.7 millimeters long and covered in short, brown hairs. Its flowers are arranged in groups of 3 or fewer on a woody rachis positioned opposite leaves. Each flower is on a fleshy, densely hairy pedicel 12-13 by 0.6-1.1 millimeters long. The pedicels have an oval, basal bract that is 3.1 by 2.7 millimeters, and another middle bract that is 2 by 2.1 millimeters.
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The pedicels have an oval, basal bract that is 1 by 1 millimeters, and another bract at their midpoint that is 1-1.5 by 1-2.5 millimeters. Its flowers have 3 triangular to oval sepals that are 1.5-3 by 2-3.5 millimeters. The sepals are covered in dense, brown hairs on their outer surface and sparse hairs on their inner surface. Its 6 petals are arranged in two rows of 3.
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It can be used in hybridization, used like Iris aphylla, except that it has yellow pigmentation and purple bract/spathe colouring. It can be crossed with various other bearded irises.
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Mentzelia involucrata is a species of Mentzelia native to the Mojave and Sonoran deserts of North America. Its common names include kuʼu, sand blazing star and white-bract blazing star.
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Higher magnification of an upper fertile unit in Fig. 35 showing bract with marginal segments (white arrows) and basal sporangia (black arrow). Hu-B2. Scale bar = 2 mm. Fig. 37.
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The stem and the bract are red. The flowers are 40 to 50 mm long. The fruits are elongated to almost spherical, long and wide.RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants.
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They are not sticky. The inflorescences are fan-shaped to oblong. They are loose, erect, and 3–8 cm by about 2 cm. The involucral bract is shorter than the inflorescence.
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The plants have culms that grow high, and deep-green to yellowish-green leaves measuring 2–5 mm wide. The inflorescence is typically a single terminal spike lacking a spike bract.
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Luzula pallescens is tall with its basal leaves being of wide. It cauline leaves are tall and wide. The length of the lower bract is , while its peduncles are in length.
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The nominate form, R. scillifolia f. scillifolia has pale flowers, usually pink or white. R. scillifolia f. atropurpurea has dark purple flowers, and a significantly longer floral tube and surrounding bract.
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Side branches bearing sporangia ultimately divided to produce a group of four sporangia, each with an outer leaf-like bract which folded around the sporangium. Celatheca resembles the Australian fossil Yarravia.
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Where they are inserted on the bract, the sporangia are at the same level. Feng et al. (1977) reported Sphenophyllum yiduense in the Xiejingsi Formation, Maohutang village, Yidu district, Hubei Province.
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The leaves are alternately arranged, rounded to triangular-ovate, 3-8 cm long and broad, mostly hairless (unlike the related Tilia platyphyllos) except for small tufts of brown hair in the leaf vein axils – the leaves are distinctively heart-shaped. The buds are alternate, pointed egg shaped and have red scales. It has no terminal bud. The small yellow-green hermaphrodite flowers are produced in clusters of five to eleven in early summer with a leafy yellow-green subtending bract, have a rich, heavy scent; the trees are much visited by bees to the erect flowers which are held above the bract; this flower arrangement is distinctly different from that of the Common Lime Tilia × europaea where the flowers are held beneath the bract.
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In these examples, elongate projections suggest lateral segments on the other side of the blade, which are shown by dotted lines in Figure 42B, C. They were folded and then pressed close to the upper surface of the bract blade. In oblique abaxial view, lateral elongate segments are observed on either one side (Fig. 42D, E) or two lateral sides (Figs 35, 36, white arrows) of the bract blade. In lateral view, the distal segment of the bract is sometimes visible (Figs 24, black arrows, 28, white arrows, 41, arrows, 42F, arrow); in one example, a distal segment is up to 8.0 mm long and dichotomous (Fig. 26, arrow); lateral segments slightly reflex towards the strobilar axis (Figs 28, 35, 36, 39).
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Its petioles are 4-13.5 by 1-3 millimeters and covered in sparse, fine hairs. The 3 or more flowers occur on woody rachises positioned opposite leaves. The rachises have 3-8 branches. Flowers are attached to the rachis by fleshy, densely hairy pedicels that are 5-12.5 by 0.6-1 millimeters. The pedicels have an oval, basal bract that is 2-2.5 by 1-2 millimeters, and another upper bract that is 1.5-3.5 by 1.5-4 millimeters.
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This in turn is made up of 2-7 compact clusters, with the basal cluster sometimes on a long erecto-patent peduncle. The colour of the subglabrous, linear-lanceolate lower bract ranges from straw-brown to scarious; this bract is much shorter than the inflorescence at a length of . No pedicels are present. The dark brown bracteoles are ovate, obtuse and sparsely ciliate above with either dentate or lacerate margins, reaching a length of up to .
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Abaxial view of sporangia along vertically central area of strobilar axis indicating their attachment at the same level (marked by dotted line). A fertile unit consists of a bract and numerous sporangia. In adaxial view, the blade of the bract is attached to a strobilar axis and elongate wedge-shaped in outline (Fig. 33). On its surface, there are many linear depressions which may represent the remains of the epidermal cells (Figs 34, 42A, arrow 4).
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The trees may not flower until they are 30–100 years old, and flowering seems to be triggered by a long hot summer. Many inflorescences are accompanied by a large white bract.
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Scale bar = 1 cm. Fig. 26. Single bract with bifurcate distal segment (arrow) and many elongate lateral segments. Hu-B1. Scale bar = 2 mm. Fig. 27. Strobilus showing whorls of fertile units.
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The pedicels often bear a bract in their basal half. This structure is up to 2 mm long and is bent outwards from the pedicels. The androphore is up to 1 mm long.
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Arisaema serratum is a perennial. It produces two leaves, with 7-13 leaflets each. The color of the flowering bract is variable, being either purple or green. It blooms from May to June.
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Serves as a food source for small animals and humans. This species is used for its seeds, landscaping, and for ornamental purposes. The perpendicular bract of this species is used in many handicrafts.
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Luzula nivea is in length. Its basal leaves are long and wide. Its lower bract is long. Its anthers are long and are brownish coloured, while its filaments are long with a style.
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Side view of a bract with lateral segments and basal sporangia. Arrow indicating attaching position of sporangia. A-076. Scale bar = 2 mm. Fig. 39. Higher magnification of a fertile unit in Fig.
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Abaxial view of elongate sporangia attached to base of an indistinct bract at the same level. Hu-21. Scale bar = 2 mm. Fig. 32. Anisotomous division of two fertile axes with terminal strobili.
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Quiscapampa or Quiscapanca (possibly from Quechua kiska thorn, p'anqa bract, "thorn bract") showing QuiscapancaResumen - Ministerio de Energía y Minas, CEDEMIN S.A.C., Actualización del Plan de Cierre de Minas de la UEA Chaquelle, see Quiscapanca is a mountain in the Chila mountain in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is located in the Arequipa Region, Castilla Province, Choco District. Quiscapampa lies northwest of Ojeccasa and southwest of Airicoto. Jesjapanca is also the name of the peak southeast of the mountain at .
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The phyllaries can be free or fused, and arranged in one to many rows, overlapping like the tiles of a roof (imbricate) or not (this variation is important in identification of tribes and genera). Each floret may be subtended by a bract, called a "palea" or "receptacular bract". These bracts are often called "chaff". The presence or absence of these bracts, their distribution on the receptacle, and their size and shape are all important diagnostic characteristics for genera and tribes.
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Br. ex G.Don) Mildbr. (Stylidiaceae). Austrobaileya 5(4): 589-649. Species in this section have sessile leaves that are often minute, bract-like, and rarely form rosettes. Scapes are very short or mostly absent.
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Capsules are hispid, 3-valved and concealed by a bract. The stem is striate (longitudinally ribbed) and pubescent. The fruit is , 3-lobed, tuberculate and pubescent.Acalypha indica L. Indian Acalypha, on India Biodiversity Portal.
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The inflorescence is a densely packed, bullet shaped cluster of overlapping flowers, mainly hanging on long peduncles. Each inflorescence is generally 2 to 4 centimeters long. Each of the flowers has a dark-colored bract.
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The cones are 10–20 cm long and 4–5 cm broad, with about 150–200 scales, each scale with an exserted bract and two winged seeds; they disintegrate when mature to release the seeds.
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The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers accompanied by a long, cylindrical bract which appears like an extension of the stem. The flower is made up of a few pointed, brown segments with membranous edges.
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The leaves have 7-9 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. Its petioles are 6-8.5 by 1.4-2 millimeters and covered in sparse, fine hairs. The flowers occur in groups of 3 or fewer on a rachis positioned opposite leaves. Flowers are attached to the rachis by fleshy, densely hairy pedicels that are 12-20 by 1.1-1.5 millimeters. The pedicels have an oval, basal bract that is 3.5 by 2.5 millimeters, and another upper bract that is 1.5-2.5 by 2-4 millimeters.
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The outer bract mostly has one keel on its upper surface and the transparent margin is narrow, while the inner bract has two keels and the papery margin is wider. The scentless, trimerous flower itself is dark red, sometimes pink, and has black blotches in a creamy green cup. The tepals that are fused in a tube at their base are inverted egg-shaped with a slightly indented tip 2½–4 cm (1–1.6 in) long. The outer tepals have a light yellow feathered stripes.
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The inflorescence is made up of a few long-haired spikelets each up to long. They are wrapped in a lance-shaped bract called a spatheole. This sheath is long and can have a sharp point.
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The petioles are 5–25 mm long, unwinged, flat, glabrous and are attached to the basal leaves or absent with bract leaves on the flowering stem. The root of the large-flowered wintergreen is a taproot.
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Its inflorescence is an umbel of two or more pairs of flowers, which have rusty corollas covered with dense intertwined hairs. The fruit is globular, and the bract enlarges under the fruit. The leaves are flat.
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Involucral bracts are canescent and covered with cobweb-like hairs, each bract ends with a single spine. The fruit is a smooth rotund achene with lateral hilum measuring long and wide surmounted by a white pappus.
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Melaleuca bracteata was first described in 1858 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from a specimen collected near Moreton Bay in Queensland. The specific epithet (bracteata) is derived from the Latin word bractea, meaning "bract".
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Some or all of the partial peduncles may bear a short bract (≤0.5 mm long) in their basal half. The androphore is up to 1.5 mm long and bears hairs for up to half of its length.
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The male flowers are usually many per bract, the bud globose, ca. 2 mm in diameter, the petals narrow and small. The female flowers are usually solitary, at the base of the inflorescence. Flowering is Jun–Aug.
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The leaves have 7-15 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs with noticeable interconnecting tertiary veins. Its petioles are 3.5-8.5 by 1.2-2.3 millimeters and covered in sparse, brown hairs. Its flowers are born opposite the leaves on inflorescences in groups of 3 or fewer. The flowers are on a fleshy, densely hairy pedicel that is 5-7 by 1.2-2.2 millimeters. The pedicels have an oval, basal bract that is 2 by 2 millimeters, and another bract at their midpoint that is 2.3-3 by 2.4-2.6 millimeters.
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Each flower head is about 8 mm (⅓ in) across, consists of five to seven silvery pink, sweetly scented flowers, and is subtended by a lance-shaped floral bract. The felty bract subtending the individual flower is more or less oval, with a thickened, later hairless glandular tip, about 3 mm (0.12 in) long. The 4-merous flowers are slightly curved before they open. The lower part, that remains merged when the flower is open, called perianth-tube is covered with long soft hairs and about 1½ mm (0.06 in) long.
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Bract browning has been a major restraint to financial returns due to reduced cut flower quality. Browning is usually a result of sun damage but can also be associated with wind burn. The addition of shade cloths to crop management strategies has been shown to reduce levels of excessive light and has significantly minimised financial losses due to the reduction of occurrence of bract browning. In the natural state, the waratah does not compete very well with surrounding shrubs and is at its best after fire when competition is removed.
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Each cluster has 1 to 5 flowers and is accompanied by a leaflike bract. The calyx is a cone of fleshy, rounded sepals, and there are no petals. The fruit is an utricle that grows within the calyx.
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They are arranged in a basal aggregation. The small, yellow flowers are dioecious, borne on a spherical or cylindrical spike or head (inflorescence). Each flower grows from the axil of a leathery bract. The fruit is a nonfleshy, dehiscent capsule.
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Habit of Acorus calamus. The inconspicuous flowers are arranged on a lateral spadix (a thickened, fleshy axis). Unlike aroids, there is no spathe (large bract, enclosing the spadix). The spadix is 4–10 cm long and is enclosed by the foliage.
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It is a rhizomatous perennial herb forming clumps of stems often well exceeding one meter in height. The inflorescence is a cluster of several greenish or brownish flowers accompanied by one cylindrical bract which looks like an extension of the stem.
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Identification of the different species is based on the size and arrangement of the leaves, the size and shape of the cones, and whether the bract scales of the cones are long and exserted, or short and hidden inside the cone.
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In 2009, University of the Philippines Los Baños researchers funded by the Department of Agriculture developed an abacá variety that is resistant to the ABTV. The university is working further to make it resistant to mosaic and abacá bract mosaic viruses.
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The fruit is a nut produced in clusters of 2–6 together; each nut is diameter, partly enclosed in a long, bract-like involucre (husk).Bean, W. J. (1976). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 8th ed., vol. 1.
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In fact the stem ends there; the top part is the bract, that continues with only a slight colour-band marking it from the stem. The lower leaves are reduced to a brown sheath at the bottom of the stem.
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The bracts of the flower are generally arranged in three rows of unequal length, with similar grades of size, and range in shape with the bract being egg-shaped with broader end at base (ovate) to the bract being egg-shaped with the narrow end at base (obovate). The bracts are 4 to 5 millimetres long and have dry and membranous margins. The receptacle or floral axis has conspicuous oblong (having a length greater than width) scales between the flowers. The ray-flowers are female in 1 row, with about 25 ligules which are narrow, blue and are an estimated 10 millimetres long.
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Insects living in the bracts often feed on the bract tissue, nectar of the flower, flower parts, other insects, microorganisms, or detritus in the water contained in the bract (Siefert 1982). Almost all species of Hispini beetles that use rolled leaves are obligate herbivores of plants of the order of Zingiberales, which includes Heliconia. These beetles live in and feed from the rolled leaf, the stems, the inflorescences, or the unfurled mature leaves of the Heliconia plant. In addition, these beetles deposit their eggs on the leaf surface, petioles of immature leaves, or in the bracts of the Heliconia.
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Among rattans they are relatively delicate and vinelike, very spiny and densely clustering, stems eventually becoming bare and covered in leaf scars. The leaves, rachises, and petioles (when present) may be equipped with simple climbing adaptations like barbs, cirrus, and grapnel spines but the climbing habit mostly relies on stem spines, and their leaning, sprawling nature. With the most reduced inflorescence in the Calaminae, the large panicle remains enclosed within a tough, woody, occasionally armed bract. Nearing antithesis the beaked end develops splits, exposing the flowers; the bract usually remains persistent, later developing another longitudinal split in fruit, or rarely falling away.
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Most are evergreen with the leaves persisting 2–10 years, but three genera (Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia and Taxodium) are deciduous or include deciduous species. Tetraclinis cones The seed cones are either woody, leathery, or (in Juniperus) berry-like and fleshy, with one to several ovules per scale. The bract scale and ovuliferous scale are fused together except at the apex, where the bract scale is often visible as a short spine (often called an umbo) on the ovuliferous scale. As with the foliage, the cone scales are arranged spirally, decussate (opposite) or whorled, depending on the genus.
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NEC traces its history to an earlier program, BRACT, which was used to analyze antennas consisting of many thin wires in free space. It was useful for modeling certain common types of antennas used on aircraft or spacecraft or other examples where the ground was far enough away that it did not affect the signals. BRACT was developed in the early 1970s by MBAssociates for the US Air Force's Space and Missile Systems Center. MBAssociates, named after the founding partners of Bob Mainhardt and Art Biehl, are better known for the development of the Gyrojet rocket gun.
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Shrub to 1m tall, twigs zig-zag shaped, pale green to olive, terete, internodes 10–14 mm. Leaves alternate, bipinnately compound, with a pair of spiny incurved basal stipules, 1.0-2.5 mm. Rachis 1.0-2.0 mm, with one pair of terminal pinnae, an acuminate to deltoid bract clasping the base of pinnae, small gland opposite the bract between the pinnae, rachilla 5.0-13.0 mm. Leaflets alternate, ovate to elliptic, 2.5-5.5 mm x 0.5-1.5 mm, with 13-17 leaflets per rachilla, margin entire. Inflorescence a capitulum, red to deep maroon, 5.0-8.5 mm in diameter, peduncle hirtellous, 4.0-13.5 mm.
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329x329px Young cones of a Blue Spruce The members of the pine family (pines, spruces, firs, cedars, larches, etc.) have cones that are imbricate (that is, with scales overlapping each other like fish scales). These pine cones, especially the woody female cones, are considered the "archetypal" tree cones. The female cone has two types of scale: the bract scales, and the seed scales (or ovuliferous scales), one subtended by each bract scale, derived from a highly modified branchlet. On the upper-side base of each seed scale are two ovules that develop into seeds after fertilization by pollen grains.
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In fact, this order of xylem maturation characterizes the actinosteles (protosteles with ribbed primary xylems) of Sphenophyllum (Cichan, 1985), Eviostachya (Leclercq, 1957; Wang, 1993), Hamatophyton (Li et al., 1995), Rotafolia (this paper) and sphenophyllalean strobilar axes (Levittan & Barghoorn, 1948; Stewart & Rothwell, 1993: 194). However, the fertile unit of the strobilus of Rotafolia has an elongate- cuneate bract with a distal segment and lateral elongate segments, as well as numerous elongate abaxial sporangia pendulous at the base of the bract, which are distinct characteristics from other members of the Sphenophyllales. Thus, considering classification at the family level, Rotafolia is now left as incertae sedis.
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Heterospathe is a monoecious genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in Oceania, where it is called sagisi palm. With 39 species, Heterospathe is named from a Greek combination of "various" and "spathe", which describes the two distinct bract types.
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Narrow lanceolate leaves up to 15 cm long, with serrate margin and light green color, in temperate climates, it turns yellow in autumn. Catkins 4–10 cm long; male flowers yellowish green, with an ovate-lanceolate bract, six stamens; female flowers green.
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The bract is covered with rust- colored wooly hairs. Its calyx has triangular lobes. It has 3 petals that touch, but are not fused, at their margins. The petals are 20-25 by 3 millimeters and a bit wider at their base.
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Around 180 flowers are produced. These are borne solitarily on pedicels measuring 3–8 mm in length. The pedicels often bear a bract in their basal half. This structure is up to 1.5 mm long and is bent inwards relative to the pedicels.
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Salvia viridis quickly grows to tall and wide, with a flowering period of over a month. Colorful bracts almost hide the tiny two-lipped flowers, which are cream-colored, with the upper lip tinged with purple or rose, reflecting the bract color.
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The adaxial and abaxial surface of the leaf is covered with yellowish or purplish spines that grow from purple wart-like structures. In some cases they are covered with bristles. The upper leaves are smaller and bract-like. "Meconopsis horridula" has deciduous leaves.
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30 (upper arrow). Side view of a bract showing many lateral segments and basal sporangia (arrow). A-076. Scale bar = 2 mm. Fig. 40. Leafy vegetative axis providing anatomical information. Arrow indicating xylem strand. Hu-A8. Scale bar = 1 cm. Fig. 43.
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The bases of the leaves are overlapping. The blades are flat with edges towards the stem. Their tips are often fine-pointed. ;Inflorescence Its inflorescence appears terminal, having the lowest bract of the inflorescence not appearing as a continuation of the stem.
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The R. acraeus has spectacular yellow blooms that are 4–5 cm across. Some flowers may also be green. The flowers are subtended by a leafy bract. There are 6 to 7 sepals that are yellow-green to light-green in colour.
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The inflorescence is a series of zigzagging branches bearing flowers on thin, curving pedicels. There is a single tiny bract at the base of each pedicel. The flower is under 2 millimeters long. It has five red-veined white or purple-tinged lobes.
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This sedge, Carex lenticularis, produces clumps of slender, greenish yellow, angled stems. The inflorescence bears erect spikes with a long bract exceeding the length of the spikes. The fruit is covered in a green, sometimes purple-dotted perigynium beneath a brown or black flower scale.
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These florets sit on a common base (or receptacle) and are not individually subtended by a bract (or palea). The species occur in the Cape Floristic Region. Polyarrhena reflexa has long been cultivated as an ornamental and is often known under its synonym Aster reflexum.
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Ponerorchis cucullata grows from more or less ellipsoid tubers. It reaches a height of around 10–30 cm. It has two basal leaves, 5–7 cm long by 1.5–3 cm wide. One or two smaller bract-like leaves occur further up the stem.
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The Carpinus orientalis is a small tree, rarely over 10 m tall and often shrubby. It has minute, with small leaves, 3–5 cm long. The seeds have a simple bract, not trilobed like Carpinus betulus, that is about 2 cm long.Czerepanov, S. K. 1981.
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The flowers are on pedicels that are 1.5-2 millimeters long. The pedicels have a bract at their midpoint. Its round to oval sepals are warty on the outside, smooth on the inside, and 1.5 centimeters long. Its flowers have two rows of leathery petals.
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The flowers are crowded in 8–15 cm long racemes borne on the previous year's twigs; each flower is 5–10 mm diameter, with five white petals, and is subtended by a slender bract. The fruit is a yellow-brown capsule 2–3 mm long.
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Abaxial view of a single fertile unit beside a strobilar axis showing bract bearing marginal segments and basal sporangia (arrow). Hu-B1. Scale bar = 2 mm. Fig. 38. Higher magnification of a fertile unit in Fig. 30 (lower arrow) attached to a strobilar node.
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The inflorescence is a series of branches bearing occasional flowers on thin, curving pedicels. There is a single small bract at the base of each pedicel. The flower is no more than 2 millimeters long with five white lobes fused along the lower half.
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The inflorescence is a series of zigzagging branches bearing flowers on thin pedicels which are sigmoid in shape. There is a single tiny bract at the base of each pedicel. The hairy flower is under 4 millimeters long. It has five yellow-tipped white lobes.
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Romulea monadelpha is a low geophyte of high, with a subterranean stem that grows from a corm with a rounded base, which has a tunic with curved acuminate teeth. Its three to five thread-like leaves grow directly out of the soil and are in diameter, and have four grooves along their lengths. Its flowers sit individually at the tip of a flower stalk (or pedicel) and are subtended by two bracts that both mostly have brown papery margins. The outer bract usually has one keel on the upper side and a narrow papery margin, the inner bract has two keels with a wider papery margin.
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On the fourth day of the expedition the new population of Beccariophoenix was found. This species is noted for having oblate (flattened spheroid) rather than ovoid fruit, infrafoliar inflorescence (rather than interfoliar), a peduncle not exceeding long (rather than one up to long), a thick leathery peduncular bract which rolls up on when itself when abscised (rather than a heavily lignified peduncular bract thick, which does not deform when abscised) and 15 stamens (rather than 18–21). Due to these differences, Beccariophoenix alfredii was classified as a new species. B. alfredii was accepted by Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as of 2010.
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The stems are in maximum height. The leaves are narrow and small. The inflorescence has a bract which is sometimes longer than the spikes. The fruits have dark-colored bracts and a sac called a perigynium or utricle which is gray-green and rough in texture.
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Basal leaves are entire, leathery and broadly ovate. One or two bract-like cauline leaves (not shown) may be present, also. The root of Lewisiopsis is reddish, fleshy, and extremely thick. The root can grow to be two to three feet long although some are much shorter.
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They were forest trees with almost horizontal standing leafy lateral shoots and with vertical tribes. They were generally small trees. At least with Utrechtia piniformis the side shoots are in whorls.Early Conifers Like other Voltzialean plants they had compact ovulate cones bearing bilateral bract-scale complexes.
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Even when the roots are exposed it will cling tenaciously in poor soils. This species is closely related to L. longifolia; the inner bract and flowers are similar, but it differs in leaf apex, lack of conspicuous marginal sclerenchyma bands on leaves, and in inflorescence branching.
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The solitary flower is carried in a bract which sits on a short pedicel. There are six sepals. The mauve to rose-pink petals do not spread wide and are long and wide. Numerous (up to 80), pink or white staminodes surround the approximately 16 stamens.
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New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Limited The flowers are harvested when fully developed and dried without their bract nor receptacles. The roots can be harvested in autumn and dried as well after being carefully washed. Arnica montana is sometimes grown in herb gardens.
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The individual flowers are grey-white to purple-brown. They have recurved tepal lobes, and dark blueish purple anthers. The flowers are pedicellate, subtended by a bract with a small and distinctive spur near its base. The trilocular, oblong fruit capsule contains the small ovate seeds.
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The inflorescence consists of several flowers, and is subtended by a bract 22 to 24 mm long. The flowers are 10–19 mm long and sessile. The hairy, radially symmetric perianth is yellow, and has six roughly equal tepals. There are six stamens all at the same level.
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Carex multicostata produces a dense clump of stems up to about a meter in maximum height. The inflorescence is roughly triangular in shape and brown or gold in color, a dense cluster of overlapping spikes. The female flower has a covering bract which is reddish with white edges.
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The inflorescence is borne on the side of the stem toward the top. There is a long, cylindrical bract at the base which extends out past the flowers. Each flower is on a thin pedicel. The thick tepals are dark brown, sometimes with green striping and thin, transparent edges.
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It may have several thin leaves. The stems are topped with papery spikelets about half a centimeter long at maximum size and containing 4 to 12 flowers, each covered with a light-colored bract. The fruit is a minute white or yellow achene less than a millimeter long.
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The flowers are produced in clusters of four to ten in early summer with a leafy yellow-green subtending bract; they are fragrant, and pollinated by bees. The floral formula is ✶ K5 C5 A0+5∞ (5). The fruit is a dry nut-like drupe diameter, downy and faintly ribbed.
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The fruiting heads develop on peduncles. A peduncle bears 25 to 50 trilobed bracts, arranged helically, and each bract is paired with a fruiting head. Fruiting heads are long and wide, with an elliptical profile. Development of the lobes varies notably: central lobes are long while side lobes are .
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Luzula lutea, is a species of perennial plant in Juncaceae family which is tall. Its anthers are long while their filaments are . The basal leaves of the species are usually long and wide, while its cauline leaves are in length. Its lower bract is brownish coloured and is long.
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This species was first formally described in 1847 by the Russian botanist Nikolai Turczaninow in Bulletin de la classe physico-mathematique de l'Academie Imperiale des sciences de Saint- Petersburg. The specific epithet (bracteosa) is from the Latin bractea, meaning bract, referring to the persistent bracts of the flowers.
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Arrows indicating fragmentary vegetative leaves at nodes. A-056. Scale bar = 1 cm. Fig. 33. Adaxial view of a bract attached to a strobilar axis showing leaf blade bearing a distal segment (white arrow) and many marginal elongate segments (black arrow). Hu-22. Scale bar = 2 mm. Fig. 34.
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Small lobed oval leaves under a centimeter long occur at the base of the plant. The inflorescence is a series of branches bearing occasional flowers on thin, curving pedicels. There is a single tiny bract at the base of each pedicel. The flower is only about 2 millimeters long.
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Small toothed oval leaves 1 to 2 centimeters long occur at the base of the plant. The inflorescence is a zigzagging series of branches bearing occasional flowers on thin pedicels. There is a single tiny bract at the base of each pedicel. The flower is a few millimeters long.
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In the past, the cone bract length was often used to divide the larches into two sections (sect. Larix with short bracts, and sect. Multiserialis with long bracts), but genetic evidenceGernandt & Liston 1999 does not support this division, pointing instead to a genetic divide between Old World and New World species, with the cone and bract size being merely adaptations to climatic conditions. More recent genetic studies have proposed three groups within the genus, with a primary division into North American and Eurasian species, and a secondary division of the Eurasian into northern short-bracted species and southern long-bracted species;Semerikov & Lascoux 1999; Wei and Wang 2003, 2004; Gros-Louis et al.
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The bract scales develop first, and are conspicuous at the time of pollination; the seed scales develop later to enclose and protect the seeds, with the bract scales often not growing further. The scales open temporarily to receive gametophytes, then close during fertilization and maturation, and then re-open again at maturity to allow the seed to escape. Maturation takes 6–8 months from pollination in most Pinaceae genera, but 12 months in cedars and 18–24 months (rarely more) in most pines. The cones open either by the seed scales flexing back when they dry out, or (in firs, cedars and golden larch) by the cones disintegrating with the seed scales falling off.
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Etching by Jacob Sturm. The suggested root hairs in reality are not presentEach flower is subtended by a pale green, lanceolate bract. This shelters the base of the flower, tapers, bends toward the tip, has white edges and scattered glandular hairs at the base. They are usually long and wide.
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They average in length. The largest specimens are nearly in diameter. The center of the cones consist of a parenchymatous pith surrounded by fused vascular bundles (two for each bract-scale complex, with each vascular bundle containing resin canals). The bracts have thick and wide woody wings tapering towards the base.
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The flowers of A. eggersii produce small quantities of nectar, but lack a scent. Male flowers open once the inflorescence is freed from the bract in which it develops. They last eight to ten days. Female flowers open about a week after the male flowers, and last for another week.
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The lowest bract subtending the inflorescence is about the same length as the inflorescence. Carex rainbowii resembles the other species in Carex sect. Sylvaticae; compared to C. sylvatica, it has denser female spikes, and is distinguished by its hyaline female glumes and the fact that the uppermost spike is often androgynecandrous.
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Nepenthes tentaculata has a racemose inflorescence. The peduncle is up to 15 cm long and the rachis up to 10 cm long, although female inflorescences are generally shorter than male ones. Pedicels are bract-less and reach 10 mm in length. Sepals are oblong- lanceolate in shape and up to 3 mm long.
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The inflorescence holds loose bundles of individual flowers and there is usually one long, leaflike bract extending far past the flowers. Each flower has green-striped brownish to reddish tepals each several millimeters long, and six stamens with small anthers. The fruit is a brown capsule which grows encased within the tepals.
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The flowers are contained in dense spirals on the spadix. The spadix is often elongated into a spike shape, but it can be globe-shaped or club-shaped. Beneath the spadix is the spathe, a type of bract. This is variable in shape, as well, but it is lance-shaped in many species.
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Nepenthes edwardsiana has a racemose inflorescence. The peduncle may be up to 30 cm long, whereas the attenuate rachis reaches 20 cm in length. Pedicels are one-flowered, up to 25 mm long, and do not possess a bract. Sepals are round to elliptic in shape and up to 5 mm long.
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They can grow up to long. They often have 2–3 basal (rising from the rhizome) leaves, with one sheathing the stem. It has a flattened stem, or peduncle, that can grow up to between tall. It has 2 short branches, (or pedicels), the lowest branch is similar in length to the bract.
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It has many green cylindrical stems which are erect but weak and spongy. There may be thin, grasslike leaves toward the base of the plant, which are generally straw-colored. Atop each stem is a rounded or oblong spikelet containing at least ten flowers, each covered by an oval-shaped brown bract.
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Inflorescence: Interfoliar, branched to 2 (3 in a few cases) orders, with the basal part within the closed sheath, the prophyll hidden and the peduncular bract spreading from the top of the sheath; peduncle 68–123 cm. long, distally 9 x 5 cm. in diam., green, glabrous, curved outside the sheath; prophyll c.
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The flowers have just one bract per flower. The six Petals are united into a curved tube inflated in middle and unequally divided, more deeply so and more reflexed on concave side. The stamens are equal. The anthers are fixed at the base, and about as long as free part of filament.
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Each petal with a dark midline (keel). Like most species of Drimia, it has a distinctively spurred bract, at the base of each flower's pedicel. This species has a distinctive horizontally-collared sheath, around the base of its rosette. This grey sheath can be used to identify it from its closest relatives.
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Gesnouinia species are shrubs with monoecious flowers (i.e. separate "male" and "female" flowers on the same plant). Two staminate ("male") flowers and one carpellate ("female") flower are grouped in each bract (involucre), which are then clustered into a panicle. The male flowers have a calyx made up of four sepals and four stamens.
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The opposite leaves are fleshy small scales, connate in the lower part and cup-like stem-clasping. All branches are terminating in cone-like inflorescences, 1.5–3 cm long. Cymes consist of (two or) three minute flowers that are sunk in the axil of each opposite bract. The bisexual flowers are free.
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It is written as 大苞鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as da bao yuan wei in China. It is known as Bungyn tsaxildag in Mongolia. It is written as Ирис Бунге, in Russian alphabet. It has the common name of Large-bract iris or Big Bud Iris in China, and Bunge Iris.
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Flowers occur at intervals along the upper stem, and there is usually a leaflike bract below them. Each flower has an urn- shaped calyx of sepals in shades of purple or greenish yellow with four petals emerging from the tip. The fruit is a long, thin, curving silique up to 12 to 16 centimeters long.
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This sedge produces dense or loose clumps of triangular stems up to a meter tall from short rhizomes. The inflorescence is several centimeters long and is accompanied by a bract which is longer than the spikes. The fruits are coated in perigynia with pointed, toothed tips. It is highly recommend for sedge meadow restorations.
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This sedge produces clumps of triangular stems up to 100 or 120 centimeters tall from short rhizomes. The inflorescence is up to 35 centimeters long and has a long bract which is longer than the spikes. It is a cluster of several cylindrical spikes. The scales over the fruits taper into long, thin awns.
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The stem (peduncle) of the flower spike is hidden by the leaf sheaths. At the base of the flower spike there is a small bract, 3–10 mm long. Flowers open in succession and are purple or lilac in colour. Each flower has the typical structure for Roscoea (see the diagrams in that article).
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The leaf margins are serrated toward their tips. Its petioles are 1 centimeter long and have a furrow on their upper side. Inflorescences are axillary and organized on 1-3 peduncles 5-8 centimeters in length. Its flowers are pendulous and have a 2 centimeter long specialized leaf, called a bract, at their base.
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Papery (upper) and leafy bracts on hay rattle (Rhinanthus minor). All the "leaves" in this image are bracts. In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are often (but not always) different from foliage leaves.
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The spikelet is lance-shaped to oval and less than a centimeter long. It contains two to seven flowers, each of which is covered with a brown or black bract. The fruit is a yellow-brown achene two or three millimeters long.Flora of North America, Eleocharis quinqueflora (Hartmann) O. Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges.
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It is an annual herb producing clumps of slender, erect stems up to 25 centimeters tall. The inflorescence is a solitary spikelet just a few millimeters long, or a cluster of up to three spikelets. These are accompanied by a stiff bract which looks like an extension of the stem growing past the spikelets.
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The peduncle is approximately 7.5 cm long, 4 mm wide at the base, and 3 mm wide at the top. The rachis is gradually attenuate and 10 to 15 cm long. Lower partial peduncles are about 12 mm long, the upper ones being slightly shorter. All are two-flowered and do not possess a bract.
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BRACT was a pure method of moments implementation, suitable for use on antennas consisting of uniform diameter conductors arranged in free space and connected to each other at their ends (if at all). It did not model the contributions of the ground (or water) and was primarily useful for aircraft and spacecraft type applications.
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The phyllaries (a bract under the flowerhead) has long spreading hairs. Each phyllary is associated with a ray floret. Species of Arnica, with an involucre (a circle of bracts arranged surrounding the flower head) arranged in two rows, have only their outer phyllaries associated with ray florets. The flowers have a slight aromatic smell.
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The leaves are light brown or reddish sheathing bracts. It blooms between October and March producing brown flowers. Each stiff, erect, spike-like and sparingly branched inflorescence has a length of and has a much shorter sheathing bract underneath. The red-brown coloured spikelets have a length of and contain one or two flowers.
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The leaves are bladeless and are reduced to dark brown sheaths around the stem bases. The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers emerging from the stem and accompanied by a single long, cylindrical bract which looks much like an extension of the stem. The flowers have purplish brown and greenish segments a few millimeters long.
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Carex bigelowii produces 3-angled stems up to tall, growing in a tuft or singly. The leaves are stiff and dark green, and the leaves of previous seasons may remain on the plant. The inflorescence is accompanied by a short bract. The inflorescence has 1–3 black pistillate spikes under 1–2 staminate spikes.
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The lower surface of the leaves is hairless but the on the raised mid-vein is a row of short tentacles. The flowers are set in a spike with a terminal flower, and may consist of up to twelve star-symmertical flowers, each on a short flower stalk with a bract at its base.
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A. mirabilis exhibits two characteristics shared only by A. bidwillii among extant Araucaria species. First is the separate origins of the vascular bundles of the bract and fertile scales; second is the highly vascularized "ligule". They also both have dicotyledonous embryos. On this basis, A. mirabilis is classified as belonging to the section Bunya.
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Whorls of much divided vegetative leaves are attached at nearly right angles to nodes of basal axes, and at acute angles to nodes of terminal axes. There are six leaves per whorl. The terminal strobilus includes a central axis and verticils of fertile units. Each fertile unit consists of a bract and numerous sporangia.
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The name Cheirolophus means hand-crest, referring to the hand-shaped bract tips of the most species in this genus, while crassifolius mean thick leaves. The leaves are succulent and spoon shaped. The variety serratifolia (serrated leaves) is very rare, and only known from Gozo. This species is cultivated due to its national importance.
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The heads are up to in diameter and composed of 7 to 13 groups of flowers in threes. At the base of each group of flowers there is a furry, heart-shaped bract. The petals are long and fall off as the flower opens. There are five bundles of stamens around the flower, each with 11 to 14 stamens.
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A. biniflora is a pendulous mistletoe, with flat leaves up 15 cm long and 1 cm wide. Its inflorescence is an umbel of two or dyads (flowering in groups of two). The corolla is smooth and slender and green at maturity. The fruit is ovoid and the flower bract does not enlarge as the fruit matures.
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Acalypha australis is a herbaceous annual plant, growing tall. Its leaves are oblong to lanceolate, long, wide and borne on petioles long. The flowers are borne in axillary (sometimes terminal) panicles, forming inflorescences long. There are 1–3 female flowers and 5–7 male flowers per bract; the female flowers have three sepals, whereas the male flowers have four.
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The acute, lanceolate leaves grow up to 5 cm long. The few flowered racemose inflorescence grows from the apex of the stem, and is covered with imbricating sheathes. The floral bract is longer than the tiny, green flowers. The sepals are 4 mm long and do not open fully; the linear petals are 3 mm long.
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Partial peduncles are one- or two-flowered, up to 8 mm long, and lack a bract. Sepals are elliptic and up to 4 mm long. A study of 120 pollen samples taken from the type specimen (Endert 3955) found the mean pollen diameter to be 34.8 μm (SE = 0.6; CV = 9.1%).Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1999.
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Each flower is subtended by a leaflike bract. There are three sepals, the lower two of which are fused, and they are petal-like. There are three petals, the lower of which is a balloon- shaped lip. The lip is semi-transparent with bright yellow net-like lines, and with a more-or-less puckered mouth and enrolled margins.
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At the junction of the sheath and blade, there is a stalk (petiole), which may be very short or absent. The plants die back in the winter with shoots appearing again in spring. The yellow or orange flowers appear in the summer and are grouped into a spike (inflorescence). Each flower is surrounded by a persistent coloured bract.
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The genus name, Tephrosia, derives from the Greek tephros (ash-coloured) and refers to the fact that most of the species are covered with grey hairs.Electronic Flora of South Australia genus Fact Sheet: Tephrosia Retrieved 19 December 2018. The species epithet, glomeruliflora, derives from the Latin, glomerulus, (clusters of flowers subtended by a bract), and flos (flower).
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The erect stems are stiff, ridged, and cylindrical, not three-angled. It lacks aerenchyma, a trait which makes it different from many of its relatives. The stems are sheathed by tough long leaves. The inflorescence is a headlike cluster of a few cone-shaped spikelets accompanied by a long, stiff bract which looks like an extension of the stem.
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The petiole margined and 2–5 mm long. The complete flower head of a plant including stems, stalks, bracts, and flowers, inflorescence, is short only about 1–2 cm long axillary. Cymose, definite inflorescence, with a single terminal female flower and several lateral male flowers. The bract, modified leaf, is triangular and 1–2 mm long.
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Each flower has a long bract of and six star-shaped milky white petals bearing a pale green central vein, while the buds are oval, with longitudinal green and white stripes. The six stamens have a white filament holding yellow anthers of . The flowers are pollinated by insects. The flowering period extends from May through June.
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The shape is generally long and spindly. If trimmed back regularly, it can maintain a bushy habit and will not need support. If the branches are allowed to grow long, they will become unable to support themselves and sag towards the ground. Numerous cultivars are available, with different flower bract colors, including yellow, pink and dark brick-red.
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In other species, all spikes are similar. In that case, they may have male flowers above and female flowers below (androgynous) or female flowers above and male flowers below (gynecandrous). In relatively few species, the arrangement of flowers is irregular. The defining structure of the genus Carex is the bottle- shaped bract surrounding each female flower.
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Diuris behrii is a tuberous, perennial herb with between three and six grass-like, narrow linear leaves up to long. Up to four drooping, bright yellow flowers are borne on a flowering stem up to tall. The pedicel of each flower is enclosed in a bract. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped, up to long and leans forwards.
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A California Native American myth explains that each three-ended bract is the tail and two tiny legs of a mouse that hid inside the scales of the tree's cones during forest fires, and the tree was kind enough to be its enduring sanctuary. A Douglas- fir species, Pseudotsuga menziesii, is the state tree of Oregon.
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The inflorescence is an open or dense cluster of flowers, with each flower surrounded by green, gray, or pink bracts. There are generally five bracts per flower, with one bract much longer than the others. The bracts are tipped with straight awns. The flower at the center is only about 3 millimeters wide and usually white in color.
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It is hairy and gray, green, or reddish in color. The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers, with each flower surrounded by an array of six hairy bracts. One bract is much longer than the others and has a long, straight awn; the other bracts have hooked awns. The flower is 2 or 3 millimeters long and usually white.
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The stems are three-angled and narrow at the middle. Sheathing leaves occur at the stem bases as well as higher up the stems. The inflorescence occurs at the end of the stem, with small additional ones growing from leaf axils. The inflorescence consists of several clusters of many spikelets wrapped at the bases in a leaflike bract.
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The mature plant shrub will eventually reach about in height. It has a creeping rootstock and leaf-like phylloclades or flattened stems that are about long to wide tapering at both ends. True leaves are smaller green appendages around the flowers. Small yellow flowers bloom in the axil of a leaf-like bract long on upper side of phylloclade.
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It bears a hook-shaped basal crest and a filiform apical appendage up to 5 mm long. A number of large, scattered nectar glands are present on the underside of the lid, particularly along the margins and near the base. Nepenthes hurrelliana has a racemose inflorescence. Pedicels bear a basal bract measuring 3 to 4 mm in length.
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Stems can reach a height of 40 cm (16 inches). Leaves and stems tend to be hairless toward the bottom, finely hairy above, and bristly in the inflorescence. Leaves are narrowly lanceolate, tapering gradually toward the tip. The inflorescence has 5-12 flowers, the flowers greenish-yellow each with a greenish-yellow to cream-colored bract below.
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Dave's Garden Plant Files Trillium gracile is a perennial herbaceous plant that spreads by means of underground rhizomes. The stem has 3 bracts in a whorl well above ground, each bract up to 8.5 cm (3.4 inches) long, the blades green mottled with darker green splotches. Flowers are solitary on each scape, purple with a musty-like fragrance.
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Each flower has a 5–15 mm long, bluish bract at the base. The seeds are ovoid and black. The diploid number of chromosomes is 20 or 22. The plant occurs from Portugal north through Spain, France, Great Britain (particularly the west coast) and Ireland (mainly along the east coast), reaching as far as the Faroe Islands and Norway.
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Diagram of spadix In botany, a spadix ( ; plural spadices , ) is a type of spike inflorescence having small flowers borne on a fleshy stem. Spadices are typical of the family Araceae, the arums or aroids. The spadix is typically surrounded by a leaf-like curved bract known as a spathe. For example, the "flower" of the well known Anthurium spp.
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Features of the female cone (megastrobilus) of the members of Cordaitales indicate that the cone scales, possessed by themselves and their descendants, may correspond to short shoots, rather than leaves. This is because the cone consists of these short shoots, emerging from bracts. Among conifers, a leaf of any kind does not emerge from the axil of a bract.
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The leaves are large, with membranous sheaths, usually forming an underground neck. The leaf lamina is flat, green, and glaucous, glabrous or papillose. The inflorescence may be pauciflor (Ipheion, Beauverdia, rarely Tristagma) or pluriflor (up to 30). The spathe is formed by a single bifid membranous bract (Ipheion) or from two papyraceous bracts partially fused at the base.
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Sporangia 1.4–(2.5)−3.8 mm long and 0.2–0.4 mm wide, and 6–10 per bract. Holotype: A-076 (Fig. 30; also sensuFeng & Ma, 1991; plate I: fig. 1, plate II: fig. 1). Paratypes: Hu-27 (Fig. 2), Hu-13 (Fig. 4), Hu-20 (Fig. 12), Hu-10 (Fig. 14), Hu-06 (Fig. 20), Hu-18 (Fig.
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Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families They are rhizomatous, tufted, dioecious perennials, generally with terete, branching stems (Restionaceae more often have simple stems). The leaf sheaths are convolute and persistent. The male flowers grow in numerous spikelets borne in panicled racemes subtended by caducous spathes. Each floret is subtended by a linear or setaceous caducous bract.
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These leaves have an entire margin or have three teeth near their tips. The bracts that encircle the flower heads are unequal in size, clasp the base of the flowers tidly, fringed by a rim of silky hairs, and together form a two-lipped involucre. The bracts below the attachment of the flowers are ellipse-shaped with a pointy tip, larger, 1½–3 cm (0.6–1.2 in) long and 3–12 mm (0.12–0.48 in) wide. The bract above the attachment of the flower heads are smaller, lance-shaped with a pointy tip, 8–10 mm (0.32–0.40 in) long and 1½–3 mm (0.06–0.12 in) wide. The bract subtending the individual flower is linear with a pointy tip to awl-shaped and 6–10 mm (0.24–0.40 in) long.
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It is written as 单苞鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as dan bao yuan wei in China. It has the common name of Snake bane iris, or single-bract iris. The Latin specific epithet anguifuga means snake-bane or snake-chaser. It was first published and described by Y.T.Zhao and X.J.Xue in 'Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica' (of Beijing) Vol.
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Its inflorescences have 1–2 flowers and are emerge from extra-axillary positions. Its white flowers are on 2 centimeter long, erect, hairless, warty pedicels. The pedicels have a 2 millimeter long bract at their base and about halfway up their length. Its round to triangular sepals are 15 by 15 millimeters and come to a point at their tip.
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Pollen strobili of Pinophyta are similar to those of cycads (although much smaller) and Ginkgoes in that they are composed of microsporophylls with microsporangia on the abaxial surface. Seed cones of many conifers are compound strobili. The central stem produces bracts and in the axil of each bract is a cone scale. Morphologically the cone scale is a reduced stem.
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The inflorescence comprises a single, terminal, male (staminate) spike, and 2–4 lateral female (pistillate) spikes. The spikes are clustered together, and the whole inflorescence is long. The female spikes are long, ovoid or approaching spherical, and contains 5–15 flowers. The female spikes are attached directly to the stem, and each is subtended by a bract which does not form a sheath.
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The inflorescence may be up to 40 centimeters tall and consists of a mostly naked peduncle with one clasping bract midway up. The single flower has five small jagged sepals behind five veined, fringed white petals each roughly a centimeter long. At the center of the flower are five stamens and five staminodes with edges of many narrow, round-tipped lobes.
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The Grevilleoideae grow as trees, shrubs, or subshrubs. They are highly variable, making a simple, diagnostic identification key for the subfamily essentially impossible to provide. One common and fairly diagnostic characteristic is the occurrence of flowers in pairs that share a common bract. However, a few Grevilleoideae taxa do not have this property, having solitary flowers or inflorescences of unpaired flowers.
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The sandhill sword-sedge is a tufted perennial with a short vertical rhizome and rigid, erect, sharp-edged culms. It grows to 20–60 cm in height and 3–7 mm in width. The inflorescence is ovate to oblong, 3–15 cm long and 2–4 cm in diameter, with a shorter involucral bract. The numerous spikelets are 5–8 mm long.
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The inflorescence atop the stem is an array of individual flowers and there is a long bract at the base which may be up to 8 centimeters in length. Each flower has long, pointed tepals with dark and light longitudinal stripes and membranous, translucent borders. There are six stamens. The fruit is a light to dark brown oval-shaped or rounded capsule.
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Eleocharis macrostachya is a rhizomatous perennial generally reaching heights between one half and one meter. It has bright green erect stems and straw-colored basal leaves. The top of each stem is occupied by a narrow, lance-shaped or cylindrical inflorescence. The spikelet is one or two centimeters long and has at least ten flowers, each covered with a purplish-brown bract.
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The inflorescence is generally a panicle of spikelets on long, thin branches which spread, arch, or droop. The spikelets vary in color. There is usually a long, stiff bract alongside each spikelet or cluster of spikelets. A cultivar of this species with bright horizontal white or yellowish stripes, S. tabernaemontani 'Zebrinus', is sold as an ornamental plant for water gardens and landscaping.
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Hyacinthoides is classified in the subfamily Scilloideae (now part of the family Asparagaceae, but formerly treated as a separate family, called Hyacinthaceae), alongside genera such as Scilla and Ornithogalum. Hyacinthoides is differentiated from these other genera by the presence of two bracts at the base of each flower, rather than one bract per flower or no bracts in the other genera.
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The stems are three-angled and narrow at the middle. Sheathing leaves occur at the stem bases as well as higher up the stems. The inflorescence occurs at the end of the stem, with small additional ones growing from the uppermost leaf axial. The inflorescence consists of several clusters of many spikelets wrapped at the bases in a leaflike bract.
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Flowers are borne solitarily on pedicels that reach 6 mm in males and 11 mm in females. A basal bract is often present (≤4 mm long). The nectariferous tepals are ovate and measure up to 3 mm in length by 1 mm in width. The androphore is around 3 mm long and terminates in an anther head measuring 1–1.5 mm in diameter.
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The bisexual flowers are sitting solitary in the axil of a bract and two bracteoles. The inconspicuous perianth is formed of chartaceous, scarious, white or pinkish tepals. One to five stamens are present with their filaments united in a short but distinct filament tube (like in subfamily Amaranthoideae). Anthers are with only one lobe and two pollen sacs (bilocular, like in subfamily Gomphrenoideae).
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These plants have the ability to easily release their leaves in strong winds, a supposed adaption serving to prevent toppling during hurricanes. Inflorescences occur beneath the crownshaft, emerging from a narrow, horn- shaped bract. The flowers on the branched panicles are usually white, unisexual, and contain both sexes. The fruit is an oblong or globose drupe long and deep purple when ripe.
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They may be plane and falcate, or linear and ribbed. Various forms of scape occur; they may be either subterranean or aerial, and simple or branched. The inflorescence is a spike, sometimes contracted and fasciculate or a corymbose panicle. There are firm, green bracts, either small and subequal, or with the outer bract very large, often keeled, crisped and ribbed.
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The green, bract-lined ostiole, below, admits wasp pollinators. A syconium is the type of inflorescence borne by figs (genus Ficus), formed by an enlarged, fleshy, hollow receptacle with multiple ovaries on the inside surface.Ficus: The Remarkable Genus Of Figs In essence, it is really a fleshy stem with a number of flowers, so it is considered both a multiple and accessory fruit.
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Pentachondra involucrata, the forest frilly-heath, is a small Tasmanian plant in the family Ericaceae. The specific epithet involucrata is derived from Latin, translated as "wrapper". It refers to the involucral bract, a whorl of bracts below the flower. It first appeared in scientific literature in 1810, in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae, authored by the prolific Scottish botanist, Robert Brown.
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At the tip of the fruit are two simple styles. B. leopoldae flowering heads are long and wide and are composed of between 30 and 40 individual flowers. The flowers have a triangular primary bract, elliptical secondary bracts, stamens, and occasional hairs along the margins. The anthers each have two pollen sacs which contain both pollen grains and orbicule grains.
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The pedicels are subtended by a small bract. Its oblong sepals are 10 by 3.5-4 millimeters, covered in fine hairs on both sides, and come to a shallow point at their tips. Its flowers have 6 white petals arranged in two rows of three. The outer, oblong petals are 15 by 3-4 millimeters, and covered in woolly hairs on both sides.
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One key feature that distinguishes this species from its relatives is the morphology of its prophylls. In palms, a prophyll refers to the first bract, or leaf-like structure, holding the inflorescence. Geonoma undata has a prophyll with unequally spaced ridges and a densely matted surface which is unique to the species. The prophyll margins typically have irregular spiny projections.
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Anigozanthos gabrielae has flat leaves, which are from 20 to 120 mm long and 0.8 to 3 mm wide. It has no hairs or bristles on the leaf margins, nor does it have hairs on the leaf surface. The scape is hairy, and from 90 to 230 mm long. A bract (9-30 mm long) subtends the inflorescence, which has several flowers.
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The inflorescence is a series of zigzagging branches bearing occasional flowers on thin, erect pedicels. There is a single small bract at the base of each pedicel. The flower at the curved tip of the pedicel is just a few millimeters wide. There are five pointed sepals and five white corolla lobes, generally three in the upper lip and two in the lower.
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Leucadendron salignum is an evergreen, stiff, upright shrub of up to high, with soft, silky hairs pressed against the branches, with variable leaf sizes and bract colour.. Its rigid but rather thin leathery leaves are oblong linear or lance-shaped linear, long, wide, gradually pointy or with the midrib extended in a pointy tip, with soft, silky hairs pressed against the leaf surface. Like in all species of Leucadendron, the male and female flower heads are on different plants. The male flower head may be yellow or burgundy red, is cone- or egg- shaped, long, hardly about across, subtended by an involucre of several leaves of about long that are often covered in rusty-coloured soft hairs. The bract subtending the individual male flower is covered with long soft hairs, about long, oblong in shape and the tip almost pointed.
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They are dark green above and pale below and are generally 5 inches long by 1.5 inches wide. The leaves are petiolate with petioles of 0.5 inch length. The Inflorescence consists of a long axillary peduncle which bears short clusters of sweet white-smelling flowers, each cluster supported by a leaf-like bract. The individual flowers are sessile and may be with or without bracteoles.
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The peduncle itself may be up to 46 cm long and 9 mm wide, while the rachis can reach 20 cm. Partial peduncles are mostly two-flowered and bear a bract (≤7 mm long). Their unbranched basal portion is up to 3 mm long, while the branches reach 14 mm. The ovate tepals measure up to 4 mm in length and have an acute apex.
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Serapias parviflora grows to around high (occasionally up to ). At the base of the stem, there are 4–7 keeled, linear leaves, and 1–3 bract- like leaves further up the stem. The 3–8 flowers (rarely up to 12) are arranged in a spike. The greyish-pink sepals and petals form a hood over the column and the lip, which is typically long.
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The Vishwakarma University is a natural offshoot of the Vishwakarma Group's educational legacy spanning 35 years. The Group functions under the framework of Bansilal Ramnath Agarwal Charitable Trust(BRACT). The Trust runs several educational institutes, a publishing division, retail stores, a managing consultancy and a temple under its aegis. The first educational venture of the trust - Vishwakarma Institute of Technology (VIT) was established in the year 1983.
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The tip of the leaf is usually slightly notched at the tip. The cones are long and broad, with about 150-200 scales, each scale with an exserted bract and two winged seeds; they disintegrate when mature to release the seeds. The wood is white, leading to the species name alba. When cultivated on Christmas Tree plantations, the tree naturally forms a symmetrical triangle shape.
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They grow in an alternate arrangement, with entire, symmetrical blades. They are connected to the stem with a petiole (leaf stalk) and stipules (appendage at the base of a leaf stalk). The flowers grow in a raceme, with 1 bract per flower, on a short pedicel (tiny stalk, supporting a single flower). Their color is light yellowish green, but may turn red when mature.
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The leaf lasts one growing season. The peduncle (the primary flower stalk) can be long or short. As is typical of the Arum family, these species develop an inflorescence consisting of an elongate or ovate spathe (a sheathing bract) which usually envelops the spadix (a flower spike with a fleshy axis). The spathe can have different colors, but mostly brownish-purple or whitish-green.
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Aphyllorchis queenslandica is a leafless, terrestrial mycotrophic herb that has a thin, fleshy purple flowering stem long with white flecks. The plants lack true leaves but have colourless, leaf-like bracts on the flowering stem, each bract long and wide with three longitudinal, parallel veins. There are between six and twelve resupinate, dull yellow flowers long and wide. The dorsal sepal is long, about wide.
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Homoranthus cernuus is an upright, smooth, slender shrub to high. The leaves are arranged in crowded, opposite pairs, either terete or laterally compressed and tapering at the apex and narrowing toward the short leaf stalk. The pendant flowers are cream coloured with a pink base on an arching pedicel long and mostly in pairs. Flowers have a single bract about long between the two pedicels.
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Habranthus robustus are relatively large rain lilies. They grow from ovate to obovate bulbs around in diameter. They bear solitary lavender to pale pink, funnel- shaped flowers, long, held at a slight angle on scapes, with a leaf-like bract long at the base. Flowers typically appear after rain from late summer to early fall and are followed by large deep green leaves, measuring wide and long.
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The plant is a rosette-forming perennial herb, with leafless, silky, hairy flower stems (). The basal leaves are lanceolate spreading or erect, scarcely toothed with 3-5 strong parallel veins narrowed to a short petiole. The flower stalk is deeply furrowed, ending in an ovoid inflorescence of many small flowers each with a pointed bract. Each flower can produce up to two hundred seeds.
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Ammobium alatum is a species of perennial herb, occasional an annual, that typically grows to a height of with winged, woolly-hairy, usually much- branched stems. Most of its leaves are at the base of the plant and are narrow egg-shaped to narrow triangular. The basal leaves are long and wide on a petiole long. There are a few sessile, bract-like leaves on the stems.
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The leaves have 18-20 secondary veins emanating from its midrib. Its petioles are 3-6 millimeters long, covered in rust-colored wooly hairs and have a groove on their upper surface. Its flowers are on 1-1.5 centimeter long, black peduncles that are covered in white wooly hairs. The peduncles have a triangular bract about a third of the way up their length.
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The (usually pinnately compound) leaves are evergreen and lack stipules. They are alternate, rarely opposite. The plants are monoecious, the male flowers being in lateral panicles (several pairs of catkins on an inflorescence) and the female flowers born terminally either in a single spike or in a hermaphroditic panicle including several paired male catkins. Each flower has a wide bract, two bracteoles, and four sepals.
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It is a bush. Its rigid, oblong, yellow-green leaves are 12-20 by 3-5 centimeters, hairless and have pointed tips. Its solitary flowers are on thick, rigid pedicels that are 0.5-1 centimeter long with a 3-5 millimeter oval bract near their base. Its oval to triangular sepals are 4-5 millimeters long, recurved and come to a point at their tip.
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Some species of Scabiosa are annuals, others perennials. Some are herbaceous plants; others have woody rootstocks. The leaves of most species are somewhat hairy and partly divided into lobes, but a few are smooth and some species have simple leaves. The flowers are borne on inflorescences in the form of heads; each head contains many small florets, each floret cupped in a membranous, saucer-shaped bract.
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The inflorescence is a raceme with a few to many resupinate green flowers spirally arranged on a flowering stem. Each flower has a short stalk with a small bract near its base. The broad dorsal sepal is sharp-pointed, dished on the lower side and forms a horizontal hood over the column. The lateral sepals are similar to, but much narrower than the dorsal sepal.
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All have some silky hair on the outer surface and a dense row of equal length, silky hairs along its rim. The bract subtending each flower is line-shaped or long spoon-shaped with a blunt tip, – cm (0.6–0.7 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) wide, and covered in dense soft matted hairs. The 4-merous perianth is – cm (1.4–1.8 in) long.
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The fruit type is a banana that is seeded and inedible.Rare Seed Source - Musa Ornata Dwarf Banana Purple Flower Musa ornata is a yellow-orange inflorence whose male and female flowers both tend to be 3-5 per bract in a single row, varying up to about 7 per cluster. The anthers of the male flowers are purple while the female style is green.
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Boronia denticulata is a slender shrub that grows to a height of and has smooth, rounded branches. The leaves are narrow linear to lance-shaped, mostly about long, arranged in opposite pairs and with fine teeth along the edges. The flowers are arranged in groups on branching flowering stems on the ends of the branches. Each flower has a club-shaped pedicel with a single bract.
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A whorl of involucral bracts are campanulate and range between in Simsia, and to . The bract below the flower, or phyllary, are around 11-66 in number and can either be condensed or broad. In Simsia calva, the phyllaries are around 21-43 and are arranged subequally to equal. Simsia have receptacles that tend to be low convex and paleate, essentially having a scaly covering.
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Each flower is subtended by a long hairy bract, and the overall appearance has led to the nickname "Cousin Itt lobelia". The bird- pollinated flowers of L. telekii are hidden among the large bracts within the inflorescence. The leaves and bracts are blue-green, and the flowers purple. Each flower can produce up to several hundred small (<1mm diameter) dark seeds, which are passively dispersed.
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The inflorescence is cymose with a few large flowers with a diameter of up to . These are globular and densely covered with woolly hair. They contain many tubular florets, with long purple tubes and purple stamens, each with a spiny bract covered with white wool through which a spine projects. The flowers are rich in nectar and attract bees, flies, beetles, butterflies and moths.
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The species of Heterostachys grow as subshrubs or low shrubs. The stems are much branched, glabrous, and not jointed. The alternate leaves are fleshy, glabrous, scale-like, stem-clasping, with very short free blades (1–2 mm). The inflorescences are orbicular to cone-like, with alternate to nearly opposite scale-like bracts, and with one free flower sitting in the axil of each bract.
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The leaves are terete or elliptical and 12-59 cm long and 1-5 mm wide. There are no bristles or hairs on the leaf margin, nor on the surface of the leaf, which is smooth. The flower scape is smooth and 65-77.5 cm long. The inflorescence is subtended by a bract 25-45 mm long, and has several flowers on stems 2-2.5 mm long.
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The Camphorosmeae are mostly dwarf shrubs or annuals (rarely perennial herbs) with spreading or ascending branches. The plants are more or less densely covered with appressed or spreading hairs. The alternate leaves are often succulent, only a few annual species have thin and flat leaves. The inconspicuous flowers sit solitary or in axillary clusters of 2–3 (5) in the axil of a subtending bract.
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Cyrtostylis robusta is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with a single heart-shaped, kidney- shaped or almost round leaf long and wide. The leaf is light to medium green on the upper surface and silvery on the lower side. Between two and seven pinkish red flowers long and about wide are borne on a flowering stem high. The pedicel is long with a bract at its base.
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The bract subtending the individual female flower is softly hairy, transversely oblong, about long and broad. The perianth tube of the female flower is covered with long soft hairs, about long, and compressed. The segments in the middle part are about long, line-shaped, and covered with long soft hairs. The four segments in the higher part are long, oblong, and covered with long soft hairs.
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The leaves of this species has a leathery texture The leaves are approximately 1 meter long and arched with a 3-6 inch crown. They are grouped into clusters of 2-5 and appear to be angled at different positions along the stem. The stalk that bears the plant's fruit grows to be 30-40 centimeters long. Syagrus rupicola has a woody perpendicular bract.
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This species is most easily distinguished by its pale, 16 cm, rounded, club-like fruit-head. This is born on a bract-lined peduncle, and is regularly packed with 100-125 domed angular drupes, with deep brown cracks at their tips.Vaughan RE, Wiehe PO (1953) The genus Pandanus in the Mascarene Islands. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 55(356): 1-33.
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Anthurium schlechtendalii is found from Mexico to Costa Rica. It is a large herbaceous plant with dark green leaves, it arises from a bunch of white cord-like roots and its flower is a dark purple bract(spathe). It has fruits and when ripe they have a similar appearance to small red berries. They tend to live in wet forests, rocky hillsides or outcrops on trees.
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Each unit was made up of one or two bracts and a spore-forming organ (sporangium) between a bract and the stem. It appears that the sporangium released its spores by splitting along top. The arrangement of the sporangia resembles that of some zosterophylls, but the plant's discoverers considered its relationships uncertain. In 2013, Hao (one of the discoverers) and Xue listed the genus as a barinophyte.
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The trunk is solitary and ringed, colored brown, no more than 8 cm wide. The sheath of the pinnate leaf is extended, wrapping around the trunk to form a tall, slender crownshaft. The petiole is short, the thin rachis bears regularly spaced, reduplicate leaflets with a prominent midrib and jagged ends. The inflorescence emerges below the crownshaft, initially enclosed by a prophyll, with a single peduncular bract.
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The mostly bisexual flowers are immersed in the inflorescence axis and more or less connate to each other, to the bract, and to the axis. The inconspicuously three-lobed perianth consists of three connate tepals. There are one ore two (rarely three) stamens shortly exserting the flower, and an ovary with two stigmas. The fruit remains enclosed in the inflorescence axis, the fruit wall (pericarp) is membranous.
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The leaves dry up after the growing season and persist at least until the next spring. Each inflorescence (flower cluster), at the end of a culm, has one staminate (male) spike above two to three pistillate (female) spikes, each enclosed at the base by a tubular bract. There are 3 to 10 florets in each pistillate spike. The scales under the florets are white and translucent.
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Unique to A. cupressoides the leaves are 2-3mm long/wide, overlapping and closely compressed stem. This results in a scale like appearance. Two forms of woody cones act as the gametophyte structures, which mature approximately six months after pollination and are typically retained on the tree for up to one year. The female cones are spherical with pointed bract scales 12-15 mm in diameter.
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R. acraeus has been mistaken for R. piliferus but minute morphological differences distinguish each plant as its own species. R. acraeus has finely crenate (wavy-toothed) leaves and bract margins. The plant also has a glabrous peduncle and 6 to 7 sepals that are glabrous on the adaxial surface and hairy on the abaxial surface. Glabrous means that it is smooth, glossy, and not hairy.
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Diagrams are usually depicted with the subtending bract below and the axis above the flower itself, both in the median line. The axis corresponds to the position of the main stem relative to a lateral flower. When a terminal flower is depicted, the axis is not present and therefore cannot be shown. Bracteoles, if they are present, are usually drawn on the sides of the diagram.
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With the correct mix of factors for cultivation it is possible to produce up to sixty blooms per plant per year. This could translate to up to 20,000 to 50,000 blooms per ha. Waratah inflorescences are harvested when 0–50% of flowers are open, although inflorescences with 0–5% of flower open have the longest vase life and least opportunity for bract damage in the field.
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The tip of the leaf is pointed, usually fairly sharply but sometimes with a blunt tip, particularly on slow-growing shoots on older trees. The cones are long and broad, with about 150–200 scales, each scale with an exserted bract and two winged seeds; they disintegrate when mature to release the seeds. It is also closely related to Nordmann fir to the east in northern Turkey.
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Iris anguifuga has the unique form of having only one bract. It is also similar in form to a slender spuria iris. When in growth (see above about seasonal bulb and seasonal rhizome habit), it has a short, thick rhizome, that is swollen and thicker at the top.British Iris Society (1997) It has the fibrous remains of last seasons growth leaves, similar to a bulb at the top.
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It has one or two terminal (at the top of the stem) flower, between April and May (in Europe) and between May and June (in Asia). It has 3 green, ovate between long and wide, large spathes (leaves of the flower bud). Hence, reason for the common names of 'Big bud Iris' or 'Big Bract Iris'. Compared to Iris ventricosa, it has parallel veins on the spathes, instead of being reticulate.
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According to FloraBase, the terete leaves are 8 to 13 cm long and about 1 mm wide. The leaves have neither bristles nor hairs on the leaf margin nor on the surface of the leaf, but according to Flora of Australia online, the leaves are flat and villous (covered in long soft hairs). There is no scape. The inflorescence is subtended by a bract 10-12 mm long, with one flower.
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This sedge, Carex hassei, is similar to the Golden sedge, Carex aurea, and has sometimes been treated as part of that species. It produces stems up to about 40 centimeters tall, or sometimes taller. The inflorescence has a long, leaflike bract that is longer than the spikes. The flowers have reddish-brown, white-tipped scales and the fruit is coated in a perigynium which is fleshy, bumpy, and light in color.
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The epithet ophiocephala is derived from the Greek words ὄφις, ophis (snake) and κεφαλή, kephalē (head). Restrepiella ophiocephala grows from a short, creeping rhizome as a tufted, robust epiphyte to a length between 8 and 35 cm. The stout, cylindrical stem is erect and about 15 cm long and has a tubular bract. The fleshy, oblanceolate leaves are 8 to 18 cm long and have a short petiole.
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Pyrorchis nigricans is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single dark green leaf with red markings. The leaf is more or less oval in shape and in diameter and lies flat on the ground. Between two and eight flowers are arranged on a thick, fleshy flowering spike high. The flowers are reddish-purple and white, about long and wide with a large bract at the base.
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Below the florets are two glumes, one long and the other long. The fertile floret has a lemma (bract) long, with three short awns (bristles) at the tip, and the sterile floret has a lemma about long with three awns about long. If pollinated, the fertile floret produces an oblong-elliptic brown seed long. When the seed is mature, the whole spikelet detaches, except for the two glumes, which remain.
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E. rigidum has been placed in the subgenus E. subg Epidendrum Lindl. (1841)H. G. Reichenbach item 307 of "ORCHIDES" in C. Müller: Walpers. Annales Botanices Systematicae VI(1861) p. 400 because its sympodial stems do not thicken to form pseudobulbs, its stems are covered by the basal sheaths of its distichous leaves, and its peduncle emerges from the apical leaf without being covered by any bract or sheath.
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The flower head is surrounded by fleshy, petal-like appendages called 'involucral bracts'. These bracts have a white woolly indumentum on their outer surface, but their base and the inner surface is coloured a brilliant carmine. This colour pattern is opposite that of most rodent-pollinated proteas, which usually have flower heads with dark outer bract surfaces and a whitish centre. The plant is monoecious, both sexes appear in each flower.
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Each flower is subtended by two bracts. The outer bract has a narrow papery margin, while the inner one has a wide papery margin with a brown edge. The flowers do not smell and are white on the inside, yolk yellow near the centre, and have a purple wash on the outside of the six elliptic tepals of long. The stamens consist of long filaments topped by long anthers.
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Corybas unguiculatus is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with a single egg-shaped, heart- shaped or round leaf long and wide. The leaf is greyish green on the upper surface and reddish on the lower side. There is a single reddish purple to reddish black flower which leans downward almost touching the ovary and long. The flower stem is long with a bract about long just below the ovary.
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Flowers initially occur in clusters of 1–6 at intervals along the stem (scape) of the inflorescence. Each cluster is at the base of a bract, which ranges from in length, becoming smaller towards the end of the inflorescence. Most of the flowers which are produced initially die off, so that the inflorescences are relatively sparsely flowered. Individual flowers are greenish-white, borne on stalks (pedicels) some long.
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Salvia evansiana is a perennial plant that is native to Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in China, found growing on alpine meadows, hillsides, and forests at elevations from . It has erect stems growing tall, with ovate to triangular- ovate leaves that are long and wide. Inflorescences are racemes or panicles that are long, with a straight corolla that is long. There are two varieties, with slight differences in bract and calyx size.
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It is a perennial herb forming mats or tufts of very narrow cylindrical stems easily exceeding one meter long. There is a rhizome and sometimes tubers grow on it. When the plant grows in water only the inflorescences and the tips of the leaf blades break the surface. The inflorescence is generally a single cone-shaped spikelet at the end of the stem accompanied by a stiff, stemlike bract.
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The erect, three-angled stems grow in dense clumps and can reach a metre tall. The leaves take the form of sheaths wrapped around the base of stem, but they generally do not have blades. The inflorescence is a headlike cluster of cone-shaped spikelets accompanied by an angled, stiff bract which may look like a continuation of the stem. It is a weed of rice fields in California.
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The stem has oval, or oblong shaped, green, or pale green, inflated, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). They are also tightly imbricated, or overlapping, and transparent, or membranous at the tip of the bract. They look similar in form to translucent green pea pods. The stems (and the branches) hold numerous, between 2 and 5 flowers, in spring or summer, between April and May, May, or between May and June.
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The flowering stem is wiry, dull brownish maroon and bears one to a few flowers each on a stalk long, each with a small leaf-like bract. The flowers are non-resupinate and glabrous. The dorsal sepal and the two lateral petals are similar in size and are narrow linear in shape with pointed or club-shaped ends. The dorsal sepal points downwards and is pressed against the column.
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The seeds of Attalea crassispatha are edible; the flavour is reported to be similar to that of coconut, but it is richer in fats and denser. The nuts are also a good source of cooking oil. The bract is used as a bowl for feeding pigs. The leaves are used for thatch and weaving, but only when the more common fan palms Sabal causiarum and Coccothrinax argentea are unavailable.
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The stems are round in cross-section, unlike those of sedges, which are typically somewhat triangular in cross-section. In Juncus section Juncotypus (formerly called Juncus subg. Genuini), which contains some of the most widespread and familiar species, the leaves are reduced to sheaths around the base of the stem and the bract subtending the inflorescence closely resembles a continuation of the stem, giving the appearance that the inflorescence is lateral.
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The species are monoecious. inflorescence sprouts at the crownshaft base, branched to two orders with a short, winged, tomentose peduncle, colored brown and bearing spines. There is a single peduncular bract, the rachis long, often spiny, bearing ivory to red rachillae. The flowers are spirally arranged on first order rachillae, subtended by triangular bracts, with pairs or single staminate flowers on the tips; the branchlets elongate and become green in fruit.
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Tiny hooks can be seen covering the surface of this bur. The design of hook-and-loop imitated this natural mechanism for seed dispersion. Close-up of a single bract spine of Arctium minus The original hook-and-loop fastener was conceived in 1941 by Swiss engineer George de Mestral. The idea came to him one day after returning from a hunting trip with his dog in the Alps.
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In winter appear green, arrow-shaped leaves. In spring, the short-stalked inflorescence appears consisting of a black, rod-shaped spadix surrounded by a yellow-green, purple-mottled brown or even purple bract (spathe). The female flowers are located at the bottom of the spadix; above are the male flowers; and the top is a sterile area (appendix). The spadix emits a pungent smell that attracts flies as pollinators.
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Carex tomentosa is a perennial Herbaceous plant that reaches heights from about 20 to 40 cm and has long stolons. The stiff, upright triangular stem is rough and hairy and the top and has a blackish red sheath at its base. The stem leaves are grey-green, at most 2 mm wide and equipped with triangular tips. The lowest bract has foliage-like development and dominates the spikelets.
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Cleistesiopsis is a terrestrial orchid with an underground network of spreading fibrous roots. It is found in small clusters of single flowering stems, each with a single leaf blade about halfway up the 30 – 45 cm stem. A smaller floral bract clasps around the base of the flower and appears as a second smaller leaf blade. The flower has three brown-green sepals spreading upward from the stem.
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The leaves are oblong, 5 cm in length, and form a basal rosette which develops from round underground nodules that are up to 6 cm in diameter. Stems supported emerge vertically from the rosette and are covered for a third of their length with a light green bract. The flowering period is from April to June, during which an inflorescence of small white to pink flowers are produced.
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The height of a mature Syagrus rupicola ranges from 4-6 ft and it appears to be stemless. As it matures, to a height of approximately 1 meter, its short underground stem spans 10-20 centimeters. It possesses large pistillate flowers, and its fruits split at the apex. A perpendicular bract, fibrous and fleshy mesocarp, as well as silvery-blue leaves are some defining characteristics of Syagrus rupicola.
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Despite its name, it is not related to the tulip, but to the various ginger species such as turmeric. It can grow as an indoor plant, and is also sold as a cut flower. One of the most famous wild fields of Siam tulips is in Pa Hin Ngam National Park in Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand. Malvidin 3-rutinoside is a pigment responsible for bract color in C. alismatifolia.
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The defining morphological features of the Stipeae include single-flowered spikelets lacking a rachilla extension, and the lemmas (the external bract) have either a sharp point or a terminal awn (long bristle).Cialdella AM, Giussani LM, Aagesen L, Zuloaga FO, Morrone O (2007) A phylogeny of Piptochaetium (Poaceae : Pooideae : Stipeae) and related genera based on a combined analysis including trnL-F, rp116, and morphology. Systematic Botany 32(3), 545-559.
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Adults enter through the fig ostiole, a narrow, bract-lined passage, then pollinate and attempt to oviposit on the flowers. Flower ovules that receive an egg become galled and the larvae consume the gall tissue. Pollinated flowers missed by the wasps produce one seed each. The adult offspring emerge from the gall and mate in the fig, before the winged female wasps disperse, carrying the flower pollen with them.
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The peduncles have a bract, covered in rust colored hairs, at their base and another at their midpoint. Its sepals are united to form a calyx with triangular lobes that come to a point. The outer surface of the calyx is covered in rust-colored silky hairs. Its petals are united to form a corolla, 1.5-2.3 centimeters in diameter, consisting of 3 broad lobes alternating with 3 narrow lobes.
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The flower appears at the base of new shoots and is singular, pendant, large and fragrant. The pedicel bears a leaf-like bract and can reach 20 cm in length. The flower’s sepals are red-spotted, crisped and 2.5 cm long. The corolla is formed of six petals of which the three outer reach a length of 10 cm and show curled margins and red, green and yellow spots.
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Carex obnupta is a species of sedge known by the common name slough sedge. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California where it grows abundantly in wet, often saline habitat such as wetlands. The plant produces upright, angled stems approaching 1.2 meters in maximum height, growing in beds or colonies from rhizome networks. The inflorescence is a cluster of flower spikes accompanied by a long leaflike bract.
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Close-up on Arisarum vulgare Arisarum vulgare reaches on average of height. The leaves of this geophyte plant are basal only, wide, ovate to arrow-shaped, with a petiole long. The stems are erect and unbranched, usually mottled and grow directly from the underground rhizome. A single leaflike bract (spathe) forms a purplish-brown or olive green striped tube about 5 inches long, with an open upper part helmet or hood-shaped curved forward.
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The two taxa can also be distinguished on the basis of their floral morphology; the pedicels of N. villosa have a filiform bract, while those of N. edwardsiana do not. Additionally, N. edwardsiana and N. villosa differ considerably in their altitudinal distributions. The latter species generally occurs at ultrahighland elevations (2300–3240 m), whereas N. edwardsiana is found between 1500 and 2700 m. Where their altitudinal distributions overlap, they are still identifiable as distinct species.
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Fruits capsular, small, 3-lobed, soon dehiscing septicidally into 3 bivalved cocci; generally surrounded by the accrescent female bract. Seeds small, ovoid or ellipsoid, usually carunculate, smooth or foveolate; endosperm present, whitish; the embryo straight; cotyledons broad and flat. Allomorphic female flowers present in some species, generally terminal (sometimes median or basal) in the inflorescences; ebracteate, long pedicellate or subsessile; calyx as in the normal female flowers; ovary and fruits 1-2 locular.
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The head is surrounded by a large number of overlapping bracts and each flower has an erect, elongated bract at its base. The flowers are non-resupinate, arranged in a spiral, inward-facing, dull coloured and lack a stalk. The sepals and petals form a short, curved hood over the labellum and column, open on one side. The lateral sepals are joined to each other and to the dorsal sepal at their bases.
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There was no agreement in the references consulted as to whether the calyptra derived from the calyx or a bract. Perianths do not appear when the calyptra develops,Encyclopædia Britannica so that, as mentioned, the plants have flowers without petals. When the calyptra’s first floral organs appear stamens and staminodes emerge arranged in a regular pattern following the Fibonacci sequence joined in sequences of 13 and 21 (E. bennettii) or only 13 (E. laurina).
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This character can best be seen by cutting a flower head lengthwise in two equal halves. The individual flowers are subtended by a bract (or bracteole) that is wooly at its foot and softly hairy or hairless near the tip. Sometimes it grows on while the flower is in bloom and eventually becomes woody. While still in the bud, the perianth is a tube of 1½–5½ cm (0.6–2.2 in) long.
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This is a fleshy perennial plant growing from a branching caudex several centimeters long. The leaves appear in a basal rosette about the caudex, each oblong to lance-shaped and generally pointed. The leaves are waxy in texture, pale grayish or pinkish green in color, and up to 5 centimeters long. The erect inflorescence is composed of a bract-lined peduncle up to 15 centimeters tall which splits into terminal branches each bearing several flowers.
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It forms a single terminal flowerhead that is spherical and dense with a diameter of . It is sheathed in a long bract which extends the stem. Floral bracts have white hairs on the tip and red hairs along the margin. In Western Australia it is found in swampy and seepage areas along the coast of the Mid West, Wheatbelt, South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions where it grows in lateritic sandy-clay soils.
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The bract is well below the flower, small and ones incised. The only flower at the tip of the stem is 2½–6½ cm in diameter. The sepals are white or white tinged with pink on the inner surface, while the outer surface is often pink, red, or purple. The many, single carpels, and the single-seeded, dry and indehiscent fruits (called achenes), that they develop into, are covered in dense silky hairs.
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The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers with three to five bracts at the base, the lowest bract measuring up to 20 centimeters long. Each flower cluster is made up of a few spikes, which in turn are made up of several spikelets. The spikelet is a flattened array of seven to nine tiny flowers.USFWS. Determination of Endangered or Threatened Status for 21 Plants From the Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii.
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This sedge produces stems up to 60 centimeters tall, growing from a long rhizome. The stem just below the inflorescence is sheathed in the base of the bract, the characteristic that gives the plant its name. The inflorescence contains a terminal spike and usually at least one lateral spike. The plant reproduces by seed and by sprouting from the rhizome and the stolons, and from buds at the bases of the stems.
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Pityrodia chrysocalyx is an erect, bushy, compact shrub which grows to a height of with its branches densely covered with reddish yellow, circular scales. Its leaves are glossy green, egg-shaped long, wide and usually scattered in groups of three along the stems. The flowers are arranged singly in upper leaf axils on a very short stalk. There is a leaf- like bract and minute bracteoles at the base of the flower.
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Among them, Bowmanites or Sphenophyllostachys have variously constructed bracts adaxially attached by a variable number of sporangiophores with anatropous or orthotropous terminal sporangia (Good, 1978). Each bract of the Sphenostrobus strobilus has a single axillary sporangiophore ending in one sporangium (Levittan & Barghoorn, 1948; Good, 1978). In Peltastrobus (Leisman & Graves, 1964), the more complex strobilus consists of a whorl of three sterile and three fertile units at each node. Sterile and fertile units alternate.
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Pale to deep pink, rarely white flowers are arranged in clusters of between 3 and 30 in leaf axils with a persistent bract at the base of the cluster. The clusters are about the same length as the leaves, but often longer or shorter. The sepals are triangular, about long and covered with soft hairs. The four petals are long, have a covering of soft hairs and do not overlap each other.
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These flowers are displayed on rambling branches, sometimes as a short shrub, often extending prostrate. They range inland in coastal regions Southern and Eastern Australia, including Tasmania. Platylobium is found to have a distinct wing on the pod, this distinguishes the genus from that of Bossiaea. Examination of the ovate leaves, distinction in the brown papery parts near the bract and diversion in the form of various parts will allow identification of the two species described below.
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Blandfordia nobilis has thick, fibrous roots that can form strong, long-lived clumps. The leaves are stiff and grassy, up to long and wide, sometimes with small teeth. The flowering stems is unbranched, up to long and wide with between three and twenty flowers, each on a pedicel stalk up to long with a small bract near its base. The three sepals and three petals are fused to form a cylindrical flower usually long and about wide.
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Microtis unifolia is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single hollow, green leaf which is long. A flowering stem up to high emerges from the leaf about one-third of its length from its base. Between ten and one hundred green or yellowish-green flowers are arranged on a length of the flowering stem. There is a lance-shaped to egg- shaped bract long and about wide at the base of each flower.
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The inflorescence spike emerges within the leaf crown, often concealed, and the peduncle is short and tomentose. The prophyll is two keeled, short and fibrous, the peduncular bract is longer, tubular, and forms a hairy net around the flowers with two bracts borne below each. The rachis is short and stout with triads at the base and rows of pistillate units towards the end. The staminate flowers have three elongated, tapering sepals and three thick, valvate petals.
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Each stem only carries one flower at the tip. Each flower may be subtended by one leaflet- like bract, but this may also be absent. There are three or four hairless, roundish, 2½–3 × 2-2½ cm (0.98–1.18 × 0.79–0.98 in) sepals which are all rounded at their tip, tinged purple inside and around the margin. The pink to cyclamen-colored inverted egg-shaped petals are long and wide and are rounded at their tip.
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It is often confused with Iris trojana (now classed as a synonym of Iris germanica) and Iris cypriana. It is also similar in form to Iris cypriana but outer bract (spathe) is brown and papery in the upper third only.James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) It is a geophyte, that has thick rhizomes, which are stoloniferous, and semi-buried in the ground. It has linear, green,British Iris Society (1997) or grey-green, glaucous leaves.
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Anthurium scherzerianum inflorescence with spathe and spadix A spathe is a large bract or pair of bracts forming a sheath to enclose the flower cluster of such plants as palms, arums, irises,Richard Lynch crocuses,Alex Casha and dayflowers (Commelina). Habranthus tubispathus in the Amaryllidaceae derives its specific name from its tuberous spathe. In many arums (family Araceae), the spathe is petal-like, attracting pollinators to the flowers arranged on a type of spike called a spadix.
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The falls are lanceolate or narrowly elliptic shaped, long and wide. They are heavily veined with brownish-maroon or deep purple signal patch, in the middle with a narrow strip of yellow hairs about 0.8 cm wide, (or beard). It has a nectary on each side of the base of the falls and long, style arms with erect to recurved lobes, The perianth tube is cm long. It has a green bract (modified leaf) and bracteole which is long.
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The enormous paddle-shaped leaves are borne on long petioles, in a distinctive fan shape aligned in a single plane (distichous). The large white flowers are structurally similar to those of its relatives, the bird-of-paradise flowers Strelitzia reginae and Strelitzia nicolai, but are generally considered less attractive, with a green bract. These flowers, upon being pollinated, produce brilliant blue seeds. In tropical and subtropical regions, the plant is widely cultivated for its distinctive habit and foliage.
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In 1973, B.C. Stone argued that F. banksii should be regarded as a subspecies of F. baueriana of Norfolk Island (Stone 1973). Subsequent to this, de Lange et al. (2005:591-592), countered Stone's arguments and retained F. banksii as a distinct species because of significant differences from F. baueriana, including over all growth habit, phyllotaxis, leaf width, vein tessellation, and bract colour (salmon pink to orange in F. baueriana, white to purplish in F. banksii).
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It grows up to tall, with 10–40 dense, ball-shaped umbels of flowers produced at the top of each stem. Each of these condensed umbels is in diameter, resembling flowerheads. Individual flowers in the umbels are small, 3–4 mm in diameter, with greenish-white or bluish-white petals and a faint honey-like scent. Underneath each flower is a spiny green bract, and underneath each flower cluster is a small star-like rosette of spiny bracts.
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Orchids in the genus Pholidota are sympodial epiphytic, lithophytic or, rarely, terrestrial herbs with pseudobulbs, each with one or two large, stalked leathery leaves. A large number of small flowers are arranged in two ranks along a thin, wiry flowering stem that emerges from the top of the pseudobulb. There is a large, papery bract at the base of each flower. The flowers are white, cream-coloured, yellowish or pinkish with a concave dorsal sepal and smaller petals.
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The base of the flower head (or receptacle) is flat and lacks a bract directly at the base of the floret. The corolla of the florets is pinkish purple when still in bud, but turns pinkish white at flowering, at which time it is about high. These are hermaphrodite, star-symmetric (or actinomorphic), and have five narrow outwards oriented lobes. The five pinkish purple anthers are fused into a long tube, that initially covers the entire style.
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Flowers of Rosa blanda are perfect, having both stamens and carpels, and they vary from white to pink in color. The species name comes from the Latin word blandus, meaning "flattering, caressing, alluring, tempting", referring to the beauty of the flowers. Blooming in early summer, the flowers are borne singly or in corymbs from lateral buds. The central flower opens first, containing no bract and a pedicel long (shorter and stouter than those of other prairie rose species).
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Insects recorded visiting flower spikes include the European honey bee and ants. The swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) eats new shoots that grow from lignotubers after bushfire. One field study found 30% of seeds were eaten by insects between bushfires. Insects recovered from inflorescences include the banksia boring moth (Arotrophora arcuatalis), younger instars of which eat flower and bract parts before tunneling into the woody axis of the spike as they get older and boring into follicles and eating seeds.
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Praecoxanthus aphyllus is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herb with a few inconspicuous, fine roots and a tuber partly surrounded by a fibrous sheath. The tuber produces a replacement "dropper" which becomes the daughter tuber in the following year. Non-flowering plants produce a single, stalkless, egg-shaped leaf which is long, wide and glabrous with prominent white veins. The leaf of flowering plants is reduced to a tiny bract at the base of the stem.
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Carex archeri grows up to high, with leaves less than wide. Its inflorescence comprises a single spike subtended by a bract that is longer than the inflorescence. The spike contains few flowers, with the female flowers towards the base of the spike, and a very short portion towards the tip containing male flowers. The glumes of the female flowers are long, and the utricles that form in the female flowers are long, with a notched beak.
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Orchids in the genus Eriochilus are terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs usually with a few inconspicuous, fine roots and a roughly spherical, succulent tuber. Replacement tubers form at the end of short "droppers". There is a single, glabrous, egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaf either at the base, or in the middle of the flowering stem. The inflorescence is a raceme with up to 25 resupinate flowers, each with a small bract at the base of its stalk.
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Juncus bolanderi is a species of rush known by the common name Bolander's rush. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California, where it grows in many types of wet habitat, such as marshes, beaches, and meadows. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb forming bunches of smooth stems up to about 80 centimeters long. The inflorescence is made up of one or more clusters of many tiny flowers accompanied by one long bract.
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The flowers are grouped in axillary racemes. Pedicels are subtended by a linear bract and are straight or recurved outwards at fruitification. The corolla is pink, sometimes lightly so, and dark red or purple at the apex; it is 9-12 mm (0.35-0.47 in) in length. It is made up of four petals of which the outer upper and lower ones are free while the two inner ones are fused into a tube closed at the apex.
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Desmoncus is best known as a genus of climbing palms. Twenty-three of the 24 species recognised by Andrew Henderson in his revision of the genus are climbers; only one, D. stans is free-standing. Almost all Neotropical climbing palms belong to Desmoncus—the one exception being Chamaedorea elatior. Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius's drawing of Desmoncus polyacanthos shows the features of the leaf (sheath, petiole, rachis, leaflets, and cirrus) and the inflorescence with its associated bract.
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The periferous cypselas are about ovate, glabrous, whitish in color and having about 3 mm long pappus scales, subtended by an involucral bract and remain in the flowerhead until it disintegrates. The central cypselas are brown, conical with the narrow end at the base, heavily wrinkled and hairy, with about 1 cm long pappus scales that end in a long bristle. The third type of aerial cypsela is intermediate between periferous and central types, and dark green in color.
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Pholidota imbricata is an epiphytic or lithophytic, clump forming herb with crowded pseudobulbs long and wide. Each pseudobulb has a single pleated, leathery, dark green, oblong to lance-shaped leaf long and wide on a stalk about long. Between twenty and sixty cup-shaped, white, cream- coloured or greenish resupinate flowers long and wide are arranged in two rows along a wiry flowering stem long. There is a large, concave pinkish bract at the base of each flower.
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The inflorescence is a raceme with from one to eight resupinate flowers on an erect stem up to high. Each flower has a sheathing bract around its short stalk and is brownish, reddish and green. The dorsal sepal is lance-shaped, about long and forms a hood over and close to the column. The two lateral sepals are similar to the two petals, stiff and leathery, about long, narrow and with their edges often rolled inwards.
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A secondary smaller bract is a bracteole (bractlet, prophyll, prophyllum), often on the side of the pedicel, and generally paired. A series of bracts subtending the calyx (see below) is an epicalyx. Angiosperms are dealt with in more detail here; these structures are very different in gymnosperms. In angiosperms, the specialised leaves that play a part in reproduction are arranged around the stem in an ordered fashion, from the base to the apex of the flower.
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Blandfordia grandiflora is a tufted perennial plant with flat, linear, channelled leaves usually up to long and wide. The flowering stem is unbranched, up to long and about wide but sometimes up to long. There are between two and twenty flowers, each on a pedicel stalk up to long with a small bract near its base. The three sepals and three petals are fused to form a bell-shaped flower usually long and about wide at the tip.
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Tightly packed flowers and unfavourably sized corolla tubes, bract liquid moats and toughness of the corolla or sepal are barriers for some nectar robbers. A good example of an indirect defence is to attract symbiotic predators (like ants) by nectar or other rewards to scare away the robbers. The term 'resistance' refers to the plant's ability to live and reproduce in spite of nectar robbers. This may happen, for example, by compensating the lost nectar by producing more.
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The lowest bract either has no sheath or the sheath it has is very short up to four millimeters in length. The lowest spike is not borne on a peduncle, which is a stalk that supports inflorescence growth to more than one flower. The uppermost spike contains both carpels and stamens, with the carpels located below, or mixed in, with the stamens. The membrane that encloses the flower has no hairs and its length varies between 2.6 and 4.2 millimeters.
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The flowers can be either bisexual (perfect) or female. A rare solitary flower may occur, but the flowers are almost always grouped into dense clusters of 5 to 30 flowers, known as glomerules. These glomerules are usually simply found between the leaf and the stem, but are sometimes found fused to the very base of the petiole of the subtending bract, and are often inserted on very short axillary branches. The glomerules may sometimes form contiguous to somewhat interrupted spikes.
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Abies pinsapo is an evergreen conifer growing to 20–30 m tall, with a conic crown, sometimes becoming irregular with age. The leaves are 1.5–2 cm long, arranged radially all round the shoots, and are strongly glaucous pale blue-green, with broad bands of whitish wax on both sides. The cones are cylindrical, 9–18 cm long, greenish-pink to purple before maturity, and smooth with the bract scales short and not exserted. When mature, they disintegrate to release the winged seeds.
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The short rachis usually bears few rachillae, spirally arranged, each subtended by a small bract. The staminate flowers are asymmetrical and borne in triads with three distinct, valvate sepals and three thick petals. There are around 60 stamens with very short filaments, the elongated, basifixed anthers carry triangle shaped pollen with reticulate, tectate exine. The pistillate flowers become larger than the male's, the three sepals have rounded sides and pointed tips and the petals are asymmetrical with thick valvate tips.
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Inflorescences or their subunit are sometimes enclosed in a leaf-like bract often called a spathe. Flowers can have either one or many planes of symmetry; that is either zygomorphic or actinomorphic. They remain open for only a few hours after opening, after which they deliquesce. The flowers are usually all bisexual (hermaphrodite), but some species have both male and bisexual flowers (andromonoecious), the single species Callisia repens has bisexual and female flowers (gynomonoecious), and some have bisexual, male, and female flowers (polygamomonoecious).
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Plants in the genus Leucopogon range from prostrate shrubs to small trees. The leaves are arranged alternately and usually have about three, more or less parallel veins visible on the lower surface. The flowers are arranged in leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets either singly or in spikes of a few to many flowers. There is a single egg- shaped to circular bract and a pair of similar bracteoles at the base of each flower immediately below the five sepals.
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Hammer orchids have a single thumbnail-sized, flat, heart- shaped, fleshy, ground-hugging leaf and a long, thin, wiry stem. The stem bears a leaf-like bract below half way and a single flower at its summit. The flower is highly modified in that the labellum resembles a female thynnid wasp in shape and colour and which produces a scent that mimicks a pheromone produced by the female. There is a single (male) stamen bearing two pollinia close to the single (female) stigma.
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The staminate flowers are solitary borne, on second and third order branches, subtended by a tiny, tubular, triangular bract and a two keeled bracteole. The tubular calyx is proximally striate, divided into three triangular lobes; the corolla is divided nearly to the base into three lobes. The six stamen are borne at the base of the corolla with fleshy, elongated filaments, inflexed at the tip, with oblong, medifixed anthers. The pollen is elliptic, diporate with rugulate to reticulate, tectate exine.
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This is a perennial herb with prostrate stems, rarely ascending, often rooting at the nodes. Leaves obovate to broadly elliptic, occasionally linear-lanceolate, 1–15 cm long, 0.3–3 cm wide, glabrous to sparsely villous, petioles 1–5 mm long. Flowers in sessile spikes, bract and bracteoles shiny white, 0.7-1.5 mm long, glabrous; sepals equal, 2.5–3 mm long, outer ones 1-nerved or indistinctly 3-nerved toward base; stamens 5, 2 sterile. In the wild it flowers from December until March.
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Most have distinct oil glands dotted in the leaves, making the leaves aromatic, especially when crushed. Melaleuca flowers are usually arranged in spikes or heads. Within the head or spike, the flowers are often in groups of two or three, each flower or group having a papery bract at its base. Five sepals occur, although these are sometimes fused into a ring of tissue and five petals which are usually small, not showy, and fall off as the flower opens or soon after.
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Flowers of Pyrola grandiflora are generally large, composing of long pinkish sepals rather than broad (2–3 mm long and 1–1.5 mm wide) and white greenish white petals suffused with pink along with dark veins. It is usually described having a racemose inflorescence. Pedicels are present, glabrous containing bract leaves 4–8 mm long. Its anthers are yellow containing a long, curved style at maturity with a collar below the stigma which is an important property of this plant.
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Conothamnus trinervis is an erect or straggly shrub that typically grows to a height of and has thick, stiff branches. The leaves are usually arranged in opposite pairs, sometimes in whorls of three, long with three veins and a sharp point on the tip. The flowers are yellow, cream-coloured or white, occasionally purple and arranged in heads about across. Each group of three flowers has a bract at its base and the flowers have five sepals and five petals.
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The cones are up to 10 cm long, bluish gray or dark blue to bluish brown, with bract length varying among individuals (slightly included or with more or less protruding, straight or recurving tips). Sometimes lumped with Abies spectabilis, a species of more westerly distribution, Abies densa differs from the former in several traits, e.g., its leaves are shorter, narrower, somewhat recurved, and are less silvery-white below; Abies densa also has smaller cones with bracts relatively longer than in Abies spectabilis.
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Burnettia cuneata is a leafless, mycotrophic herb with a single leaf-like, lance-shaped to egg-shaped bract long and wide near its base. The fleshy, dark purplish brown flowering stem is high and bears up to seven flowers. The flowers are long, wide, brownish on the back and pink or white inside. The sepals and petals are lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, long and wide with the dorsal sepal forming a hood over the column.
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As in lower traps, the upper surface of the lid closely matches the exterior of the pitcher in colouration. The plant has a racemose inflorescence measuring up to 37 cm in length by 2.5 cm in diameter. The peduncle itself may be up to 18 cm long by 3 mm wide, whereas the rachis is up to 20 cm long. The inflorescence bears one-flowered pedicels (7–9 mm long), with the lowermost ones sometimes bearing a filiform bract up to around 0.5 mm long.
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Baptisia bracteata, otherwise known as longbract wild indigo, long-bract wild indigo, long-bracted wild indigo, or cream false indigo, is a perennial herbaceous plant that is native to the central and eastern United States. It is one of the earliest blooming species of Baptisia, beginning to bloom in March in certain areas of the United States. The bloom color ranges from white to creamy yellow. The flower clusters (racemes) spread out sideways or sprawl across the ground, unlike most other Baptisia species, which have vertical racemes.
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Paphiopedilum sukhakulii, a perennial rosulate herb, is small in size, narrowly shaped, pale, and dark green. The outer side of its leaf is light and dark green, and the inner side is gray-green with red dots. The leaves usually reach up to 30 cm height and 5 cm in width. P. sukhakulii flowers are up to 14 cm in diameter, purple-brown and white-haired, with a single flowered inflorescence and a green ovate floral bract that is ⅓ the length of the ovary.
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This sedge produces angled, hairless stems up to one meter tall or slightly taller, but not in clumps. The tough leaves are narrow with shredding, red-spotted or purple basal sheaths. The inflorescence produces erect and drooping spikes up to about 8 centimeters long with an associated long bract which exceeds the length of the spikes. The fruits are covered in a sac called a perigynium which is light to dark brown and sometimes red- spotted, leathery and tough, and sometimes with a toothed, hairy tip.
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Common snowdropuprightGalanthus nivalis grows to around 7–15 cm tall, flowering between January and April in the northern temperate zone (January–May in the wild). They are perennial, herbaceous plants which grow from bulbs. Each bulb generally produces two linear, or very narrowly lanceolate, greyish-green leaves and an erect, leafless scape (flowering stalk), which bears at the top a pair of bract-like spathe valves joined by a papery membrane. From between them emerges a solitary, pendulous, bell-shaped white flower, held on a slender pedicel.
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The flowers are purple, long and wide, on a short stalk surrounded by a leaf-like bract. The three sepals and two lateral petals are free from, and more or less similar to, each other. The labellum is similar in size, shape and colour to the petals and has a callus consisting of a swelling with ribbon-like or club- shaped appendages. The sexual parts of the flower are fused to the column, which is erect and has wing-like structures on its sides.
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The plant gets its name from characteristic honeycomb-like bract structures (chaff) most visible at fruit maturity. Also like others in the Asteraceae family, B. uniflora bears achene-like cypselae: dry, indehiscent fruits with a single seed that develops from the two carpals of the flower. This fruit is generally 1.3-2.2mm in length. This species differs from others in the genus Balduina by its wider corolla rays, larger pollen grains, and by having chromosome arrangement of n=36 rather than n=18 in other species.
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This tribe is composed of five genera, two of which were originally included in the genus Acosmium (Guianodendron and Leptolobium) and one of which was originally assigned to the genus Diplotropis (Staminodianthus). All of these genera were traditionally included in the tribe Sophoreae. However, recent molecular phylogenetic analyses resolved these five genera into a strongly-supported monophyletic clade, which warranted the reinstatement of the tribe Leptolobieae. A potential morphological synapomorphy for the tribe is: "tufts of minute colleter-like glands in the axils of bract and bracteoles".
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This is a rhizomatous perennial generally not exceeding 40 centimeters in height. It forms clumps of very thin stringlike stems of smooth bright green which are four-sided or cylindrical. The stems are somewhat erect but they bend easily to become stolons; if the tip touches the substrate it may root there and produce a new plant. The spikelet is a flat oval shape up to a centimeter long and holds ten or more flowers, each covered in a dark purple-brown or black bract.
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This is an annual herb producing an erect green stem 10 to 80 centimeters in maximum height. The leaves are toothed or wavy along the edges, the longest in the basal rosette up to 18 centimeters long and those higher on the stem reduced in size. The inflorescence is an open array of several clusters of small flowers, each flower accompanied by a single wide bract sometimes larger than the flower itself. The five yellow petals of the flower are under half a centimeter long.
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Mentzelia montana is an annual herb producing an erect stem approaching in maximum height. The leaves are mostly unlobed, the longest in the basal rosette up to 13 centimeters long and those higher on the stem reduced in size. The inflorescence is a narrow series of clusters of small flowers, each flower accompanied by a single toothed bract with a white base and green tip. The five yellow petals of the flower are up to 7 millimeters long and are sometimes marked with red at the bases.
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Their strong fragrance resembles turpentine. The cones are erect; cylindrical; 1.4 to 2.75 inches (3.5–7 cm) long, rarely 3.2 in (8 cm), and 1–1.2 inches (2.5–3 cm) broad, rarely 1.5 in (4 cm) broad; dark purple, turning pale brown when mature; often resinous; and with long reflexed green, yellow, or pale purple bract scales. The cones disintegrate when mature at 4–6 months old to release the winged seeds. Some botanists regard the variety of Balsam fir named Abies balsamea var.
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As the onion matures, food reserves begin to accumulate in the leaf bases and the bulb of the onion swells. In the autumn, the leaves die back and the outer scales of the bulb become dry and brittle, so the crop is then normally harvested. If left in the soil over winter, the growing point in the middle of the bulb begins to develop in the spring. New leaves appear and a long, stout, hollow stem expands, topped by a bract protecting a developing inflorescence.
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The larger pistillate flowers are borne in dyads, similarly subtended by a triangular bract, and accompanied by a sterile staminate flower and two, two keeled bracteoles. The sterile staminate flower is similar to the fertile but is slightly contorted with empty anthers. The pistillate has a striate, cup shaped calyx with triangular, valvate lobes, and the corolla splits to the base into similar triangular segments. There are six epipetalous staminodes, with triocular, triovulate, scaly, ovoid gynoecium and three fleshy, divergent, rugose stigmas, attached at the base.
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Barinophyton is the type genus of the group; Protobarinophyton is similar. They were vascular plants with an exarch protostele. Plants consisted of alternatively arranged branches, apparently without leaves or enations, with their sporangia arranged in two rows on one-sided spike-like structures that developed on side shoots. Each sporangium was born on a curved bract-like appendage (a "sporangiferous appendage") and contained several thousand microspores, about 30–40 µm in diameter and about 30 megaspores, 410–560 µm in diameter, so that the plants were heterosporous.
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Araucaria angustifolia cones and nuts Members of the Araucariaceae (Araucaria, Agathis, Wollemia) have the bract and seed scales fully fused, and have only one ovule on each scale. The cones are spherical or nearly so, and large to very large, 5–30 cm diameter, and mature in 18 months; at maturity, they disintegrate to release the seeds. In Agathis, the seeds are winged and separate readily from the seed scale, but in the other two genera, the seed is wingless and fused to the scale.
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Pholidota imbricata, commonly known as the common rattlesnake orchid or necklace orchid, is a plant in the orchid family and is a clump-forming epiphyte or lithophyte with crowded pseudobulbs. Each pseudobulb has a single pleated, leathery leaf and up to sixty white, cream-coloured or greenish, cup- shaped flowers in two ranks along a wiry flowering stem. There is a large, papery bract at the base of each flower. This species is native to areas from tropical and subtropical Asia to the southwest Pacific.
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38, arrow). Sporangia are sometimes observed along the vertically central area of the strobilar axis (Figs 24, white arrows, 27, white arrows) and, as illustrated in Figure 41, they are attached at the same level although their bract is indistinct (except the fertile unit in Fig. 27, middle white arrow) or has broken off when the specimens were split. When enlarged from the corresponding area of another strobilar axis, it is obvious that the sporangia are also inserted at the same level (Fig. 31).
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The blade bears a distal elongate segment (Figs 33, white arrow, 42A, arrow 1). At the lateral side of the blade near the strobilar axis, there are several lateral elongate segments that recurve toward the axis (Figs 33, black arrow, 42A, arrow 2). Possibly because of preservation, the other side of the blade lacks lateral segments. In abaxial view, lateral elongate segments are distinct on one side of the elongate wedge-shaped bract blade near the strobilar axis (Figs 29, upper arrow, 37, 42B, 42C).
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Paranomus abrotanifolius is a richly branching shrub that grows up to high, with branches covered with soft, weak, thin and clearly separated hairs (or pilose), alternately set with leaves that are all alike (unlike in some other Paranomus species), long, twice pinnately divided in the top half, soon losing the soft hairs, ending in slender segments that are circular in cross section with a stump tip and up to 1¼ cm (½ in) long. The flowers are grouped with four together in heads, and the heads themselves in dense spikes of about 6⅓ cm (2½ in) long and 1¼ cm (½ in) in diameter, and the spikes are on their own or with a few together at the tip of the branches. The stem of each spike is covered in felty hairs. The narrow, awl-shaped, densely felty bract that subtends each group of four flowers is about 8½ mm (⅓ in) long, while the almost papery bract supporting the individual flower is covered in dense long felty hairs on the outside, about 5 mm (0.2 in) long and 2½ mm (0.1 in) wide, oval in shape, with a gradually pointed tip.
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Lacandonia is a small parasitic plant that lacks chlorophyll and has a rhizomatous, mycotrophic habit. This genus exhibits racemous inflorescences and bract-like leaves. The flowers are actinomorphic and are considered "inverted" from the typical flower arrangement-usually 3 (but sometimes two to four) stamens are in the center of the flower surrounded by 60 to 80 pistils. This characteristic where the position of the androecium and the gynoecium are inverted is unique in the known and described taxa of flowering plants.Vázquez-Santana, S., Engleman, E. M., Martínez-Mena, A., and Márquez- Guzmán, J. (1998).
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It is written as 囊花鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as nang hua yuan wei in Pinyin Chinese. It is known as Tsürdger iris in Mongolia. It has many common names, including Swollen Iris, or purple-flower iris (in China), or Bellied Iris (in the 1800s in the UK),Thomas Ignatius M. Forster (1828) or balloon flower iris, The Latin specific epithet ventricosa refers to the inflated bract (or swelling) below the flower. It was published and described by Peter Simon Pallas in Reise Russ. Reich. Vol.
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The species are annual or perennial, with a creeping monopodial rhizome with the leaves arranged in two vertical rows, or an erect main shoot with roots at the base and spirally arranged or whorled leaves. The leaves are simple and usually found submerged, though they may be found floating or partially emerse. As with many aquatics they can be very variable in shape – from linear to orbicular, with or without a petiole, and with or without a sheathing base. The flowers are arranged in a forked, spathe-like bract or between two opposite bracts.
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University of Waterloo Asteraceae Lab Solidago gattingeri is a perennial that produces yellow flowers in late summer. One plant can produce as many as 250 small yellow flower heads, some of then in large arrays at the top of the plant, others in smaller clusters on side branches. It is distinguished from the related Solidago juncea by having fewer flowers per head (only 1-5 ray florets and 4-11 disc florets). It is also closely related to Solidago missouriensis but is distinguished by having bract-like upper leaves and shorter rhizomes.
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Seagrasses are flowering species, but they can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Reproducing sexually increases genetic variation, which can enhance a plant's ability to adapt to a changing environment, but asexual reproduction requires less effort and is what Z. muelleri typically uses to maintain its population. When reproducing sexually, the plant's flowers form an inflorescence that is enclosed in a spathe (a large sheathing bract that encloses flower clusters in certain plant species). Each shoot can have up to 6 spathes, which contain 4-12 pairs of male and female flowers.
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Lemma is a phytomorphological term referring to a part of the spikelet. It is the lowermost of two chaff-like bracts enclosing the grass floret. It often bears a long bristle called an awn, and may be similar in form to the glumes—chaffy bracts at the base of each spikelet. It is usually interpreted as a bract but it has also been interpreted as one remnant (the abaxial) of the three members of outer perianth whorl (the palea may represent the other two members, having been joined together).
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Palea, in Poaceae, refers to one of the bract-like organs in the spikelet. The palea is the uppermost of the two chaff-like bracts that enclose the grass floret (the other being the lemma). It is often cleft at the tip, implying that it may be a double structure derived from the union of two separate organs. This has led to suggestions that it may be what remains of the grass sepals (outer perianth whorl): specifically the two adaxial members of the three membered whorl typical of monocots.
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A solitary plant, the trunk may or may not emerge above ground level and lacks armament. The short petiole and numerous leaves give it a full crown, each leaf is undivided, irregularly divided, or deeply bifid, with densely tomentose sheaths which disintegrate into a mass of fibers at the base. The inflorescence is interfoliar and erect, about as long as the leaves and branched to one order. The peduncle is long and slender, the single peduncular bract is tubular and borne at the tip of the peduncle, enclosing the flowers before antithesis.
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The upper of the five teeth has a wrong-heart-shaped appendage. The crown is blackish- violet, up to 8 mm long and indistinct two-lipped. The flowers, which appear in late spring and early summer, are pink to purple, produced on spikes 2 cm long at the top of slender, leafless stems long; each flower is subtended by a bract 4–8 mm long. At the top of the spike are a number of much larger, sterile bracts (no flowers between them), 10–50 mm long and bright lavender purple (rarely white).
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Mary Lynn Bract said in an interview that the authors she either had previously read or read while working on this novel were Toni Morrison, Kyung-Sook Shin, Annie Proulx, Muriel Barbery, Marilynne Robinson, Maya Angelou, Michael Ondaatje, George Orwell, Helen Dunmore, Kimiko Hahn, and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. She states that reading good writing can lead to creativity, so she picks up books if she is ever stuck so she can think of where she wants her books to go and how to get them to go in that direction.
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A. rubra inflorescence in bract The solitary trunks are robust and conspicuously ringed, sparsely armed in youth, with a slightly swollen base. The tubular leaf bases wrap the trunk, forming a 60 – 90 cm crownshaft covered in hairy tomentum and spines. The leaves are pinnate, 2 m long, and borne on a tomentose petiole, sparsely to densely spiny. The leaflets emerge from the hairy rachis in a flat plane, dark green above and lighter below, to 30 cm long, once-folded with a red or yellow, toothed midrib.
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The involucre may be narrowly cylindrical to half globular, and consists of at least three whorls of overlapping and gradually changing bracts. The common base of the florets (or receptacle) does not carry a bract (or palea) subtending each floret. The florets are all bisexual and may have either a ligulate corolla, a disk corolla, or a bilabiate corolla (three lobes merged to a strap with teeth at the tip and two lobes free much further down), and the lobes may be strongly coiled. The corolla can be yellow, orange, red, white, pink or purple.
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The small flowers are in a dense cluster surrounded by large white bracts. The leaves are opposite, simple, oval, 8–12 cm long, and 5–8 cm broad. The flowers are individually small and inconspicuous, 2–3 mm across, produced in a dense, rounded, greenish-white flowerhead 2 cm diameter; the 4-8 large white "petals" are actually bracts, each bract 4–7 cm long and broad. The fruit is a compound pink-red berry about 3 cm diameter, containing 50–100 small seeds; it is edible, though not very palatable.
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The leaves are needle-like, light green, long, and very slender; they turn bright yellow in the fall, leaving the pale orange-brown shoots bare until the next spring. The seed cones are ovoid-cylindric, long, with 40 to 80 seed scales; each scale bearing an exserted bract. The cones are reddish purple when immature, turning brown and the scales opening flat or reflexed to release the seeds when mature, four to six months after pollination. The old cones commonly remain on the tree for many years, turning dull gray-black.
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BRACT's success led to a second contract with MBAssociates, this time by the Naval Research Laboratory and USAF Rome Air Development Center, to adapt the BRACT code to consider the effect of the ground. This produced the Antenna Modeling Program, or AMP, which was extensively modified to support disk-based files, simplify the input and output to make it easier to use, and extensively documented. A follow-up, AMP2, added calculations for extended surfaces like reflectors. NEC is an advanced version of AMP2, with more options and features.
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The inflorescence is a pendulous, solitary, interfoliar spike, unbranched, with an elongated peduncle and a tubular prophyll. The prophyll is two-keeled, short and fibrous and is much smaller than the single peduncular bract, which is deeply grooved with a long beak. The lower half of the length of the rachis is covered in triads while the top has pairs of staminate flowers which shed early, leaving the inflorescence tip bare at antithesis. The bracts around the triads are pointed and ovate; those around the pairs have longer points.
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Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. The reflexed elliptic falls are long, purple-brown, in the centre of the petal is a yellow blotch, or yellow, purple-spotted median ridge. The narrowly oblanceolate shaped standards are , long and 0.6 cm wide, they are pale to deep blue, veined darker. It has style branches which are 3.5 cm long, the bract same length as perianth tube at 2 cm long.
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The inflorescence consists 1–2 narrow-oblong spikelets (1.0–4.0 by 0.5–2 mm) which are partly hidden by the base of the subtending bract which is up to 5 times length of spikelet. There are three stamens and three style-branches . The shining nut is 1–2 mm long by about 0.5 mm wide, triangular in cross-section with rounded angles, almost white to yellowish, or grey- to red-brown, and it tapers towards its black tip. It flowers from October to December and fruits from November to May.
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Roridula gorgonias is an evergreen, shyly branching, upright shrub of up to about 1 m (3 ft) high, from the family Roridulaceae. It has awl-shaped leaves with entire margins, crowded at the tip of the branches. These are set with tentacles that secrete a sticky, shiny resin from the thicker gland at their tips, that catch many airborne items. At the center of the shoots appear inflorescences between July to October that consist of up to twelve flowers in spikes, each on a short flower stalk, with a bract at its base.
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Caladenia rosea is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with spheroid, annually replaced tubers situated 8–15 cm below the soil surface and forming a single, hairy, linear leaf, tinged purple and usually with darker purple veining below, long and wide. There are up to three flowers borne on a slender, fine, sparsely silky-hairy raceme, tall, with a bract in halfway up the stem. The sepals and petals are spreading, pink throughout with various amounts of deeper pink dots and stripes. The dorsal sepal is linear to ovate lanceolate, long.
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Both the twigs and leaves contain mucilaginous sap. The flowers are small, fragrant, yellowish-white, in diameter, arranged in drooping, cymose clusters of 6–20 with a whitish-green leaf-like bract attached for half its length at the base of the cyme. They are perfect, regular, with five sepals and petals, numerous stamens, and a five-celled superior ovary. The leaves emerge in mid-spring, but the flowers require day lengths of approximately 14 hours and 30 minutes to form, hence T. americana's range is limited to north of the 35th parallel.
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The broomrapes are perennial, parasitic plants which contain no chlorophyll and are totally dependent on other plants to provide their nutrients. The greater broomrape can grow to a height of with a honey-brown downy stem, persisting as a dark brown dead spike after flowering. The leaves are represented by small pointed scales, concentrated near the base of the stem, and there is a single bract, which is longer than the flower, below each flower. These have a corolla with two lips, four stamens and a curved-down style.
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The leaves are needle-like, moderately flattened, 1–2.5 cm long and 1.3–2 mm wide by 1 mm thick, grey-green with scattered stomata above, and with two greenish-white bands of stomata below. The tip of the leaf is acutely pointed. The cones are glaucous purple, maturing grey-brown, 6–15 cm long and 4–6 cm broad, with about 150–200 scales, each scale with a bract of which the apical 3–8 mm is exserted on the closed cone, and two winged seeds; they disintegrate when mature to release the seeds.
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S. huangkuangensis, S. songziensis, S. oblongifolius, S. sp.1 and S. sp.2. Generally speaking, these taxa were regarded as possessing fertile axes with nodes and internodes, whorls of bracts that are decurrent and terminally curved towards the strobilar axis or occasionally bifurcate at tips; each bract has one or two variously shaped adaxial sporangia with a short stalk. One noticeable character is the so- called ‘lines of ornamentation on the surface of the sporangium’ in some species. Feng & Ma also suggested that the reproductive organ of Hamatophyton Gu & Zhi, 1974 be replaced by Sphenophyllostachys.
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At the nodes are whorls of six leaves, up to 2.4 cm long, that regularly or irregularly fork two to four times. The leaves are positioned perpendicular to the axis in proximal portions of the plant but inserted at acute angles in distal portions. Fertile branches are produced in a terminal strobilus (8.5 cm long), which is subtended by whorls of normally developed leaves. It consists of a central axis and up to 16 whorls of fertile units, each of which consists of a bract and 6-10 sporangia.
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A given seed can become infected with a fungus, often causing it to darken and soften, killing the seedling before it emerges or causing it to emerge in a pre-weakened state. Seedlings can also be infected after emergence resulting in the stem thinning until it eventually rots and the seedling topples over. The problem is often associated with and encouraged by excessively wet conditions. Another major issue for production is bract browning – a discolouration of the showy floral bracts of the floral head occurring prior to harvest.
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The flower, which is one of the defining features of angiosperms, is essentially a stem whose leaf primordia become specialised, following which the apical meristem stops growing: a determinate growth pattern, in contrast to vegetative stems. The flower stem is known as a pedicel, and those flowers with such a stem are called pedicellate, while those without are called sessile. In the angiosperms, the flowers are arranged on a flower stem as an inflorescence. Just beneath (subtended) the flower there may be a modified, and usually reduced, leaf, called a bract.
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The virus, first detected in 1915 at Silang, Cavite, has since spread to various provinces in the country, and damaged more than of abacá plantations in 2002 alone. The university is working further to make it resistant to mosaic and abacá bract mosaic viruses. In July 2010, UPLB announced that the Leucinodes orbonalis-resistant Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) eggplant variety that it had been developing with Cornell University and Mahyco was ready for commercialization. On 17 February 2011, Filipino and Indian Greenpeace activists trespassed UPLB's Bay research farm and uprooted two Bt eggplants and more than 100 non-genetically modified eggplants.
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Euphorbias are the only plants known to have this kind of flower head. Nectar glands and nectar that attract pollinators are held in the involucre, a cup-like part below and supporting the cyathium head. The "involucre" in the genus Euphorbia is not to be confused with the "involucre" in family Asteraceae members, which is a collection of bracts called phyllaries, which surround and encase the unopened flower head, then support the receptacle under it after the flower head opens. The involucre is above and supported by bract-like modified leaf structures (usually in pairs) called cyathophylls', or cyathial leaves.
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It has been speculated that N. mantalingajanensis may produce upper pitchers only in deep shade or if provided with sufficient vegetation to support a climbing stem, as is the case with the closely related N. deaniana and N. mira. Nepenthes mantalingajanensis has a racemose inflorescence measuring up to 35 cm in length by 3 cm in width. The peduncle itself may be up to 25 cm long and 8 mm wide, while the rachis, which is longer in male plants, reaches 16 cm. Pedicels are one-flowered, measure up to 14 mm in length, and may have a 1 mm basal bract.
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The up to eight sweetly scented flowers in each inflorescence are set in racemes in the axils of the leaves, and are almost the same length as the leaves themselves, and appear in November. Each flower has a short stalk, and is subtended by a pair of bracteoles close to the flower, and a third bract further down. The mostly six (sometimes up to eight) petals are spreading narrow strips of approximately 7 mm long, yellow in color, later becoming more rusty red. The anthers are short, pale yellow, and are merged to the petal at the foot.
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It produces triangular stems reaching heights between and , and generally does not form clumps as some other sedges do. It grows from a dense rhizome network which produces a mat of fine roots thick enough to form sod, and includes aerenchyma to allow the plant to survive in low- oxygen substrates like heavy mud.US Forest Service Fire Ecology The inflorescence bears a number of spikes with one leaflike bract at the base which is longer than the inflorescence itself. The fruits are glossy achenes, and although the plant occasionally reproduces by seed, most of the time it reproduces vegetatively, spreading via its rhizome.
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Larches are among the few deciduous conifers, which are usually evergreen. Other deciduous conifers include the golden larch Pseudolarix amabilis, the dawn redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides, the Chinese swamp cypress Glyptostrobus pensilis and the bald cypresses in the genus Taxodium. The male flowers (small cones) are orange-yellowish and fall after pollination. The female flowers (or cones) of larches are erect, small, long, green or purple, brown in ripening and lignify (called now strobilus) 5–8 months after pollination; in about half the species the bract scales are long and visible, and in the others, short and hidden between the seed scales.
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In P. corneri the inflorescence is branched to three orders instead of two, with flowers borne on the axes of all orders. The male flowers are arranged in clusters of up to 32, each flower held in a cuplike rachilla bract with a two- keeled bracteole. The calyx is thick, leathery and tubular, with three lobes, and abaxially covered in scaly trichomes; the corolla is similar, with two distal splits forming three triangle shaped lobes, also bearing scales. The six stamens are laterally fused forming a tube which is tipped by six free, reflexed filaments with short, oblong anthers.
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Snake lily (Dracunculus vulgaris) in Crete Peace lily (Spathiphyllum cochlearispathum) clearly showing the characteristic spadix and spathe The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe or leaf-like bract. Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.
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Strelitzia nicolai, commonly known as the giant white bird of paradise or wild banana, is a species of banana-like plants with erect woody stems reaching a height of , and the clumps formed can spread as far as . The -long leaves are grey-green and arranged like a fan at the top of the stems, similar to Ravenala madagascariensis. The inflorescence is composed of a dark blue bract, white sepals and a bluish-purple "tongue". The entire flower can be as much as high by long, and is typically held just above the point where the leaf fan emerges from the stem.
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The flowerheads sit individually in the axil of the leaves near the tip and stand on a stalk of ½–3 cm long. The involucre is ¾–1¼ cm long, the individual bract with a row of hairs along the rim. The scales (or paleas) set on the common base of the florets (called receptacle) at the foot of each floret are yellowish and up to 3 mm long. Each flowerhead has four to nine yellow ray florets on the outside with a tube of 2 mm long, and a strap of ¾–1½ cm long, tipped with three teeth.
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Upper and lower glumes of Urochloa mosambicensis, a grass In botany, a glume is a bract (leaf-like structure) below a spikelet in the inflorescence (flower cluster) of grasses (Poaceae) or the flowers of sedges (Cyperaceae). There are two other types of bracts in the spikelets of grasses: the lemma and palea. In grasses, two bracts known as "glumes" form the lowermost organs of a spikelet (there are usually 2 but 1 is sometimes reduced; or rarely, both are absent). Glumes may be similar in form to the lemmas, the bracts at the base of each floret.
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The foliage is arranged in flattened sprays; the leaves are scale-like, 2.5–5 mm long and 2–2.5 mm broad, arranged in opposite decussate pairs on the shoots. The seed cones are cylindrical, 12–16 mm long, with four scales each with a prominent curved spine-like bract; they are arranged in two opposite decussate pairs around a small central columella; the outer pair of scales is small and sterile, the inner pair large, each bearing two winged seeds. They are mature about six to eight months after pollination. The pollen cones are 8–10 mm long.
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The 25-62cm pinnae (leaflets) are evenly arranged 2cm apart in a single plane on each side, so that each pinnae pair makes a neat 'V'-shape. There are 6-16 pinnae per side. The 40-70cm peduncular bract (or spathe) is woody and smooth, The inflorescence is simple, very rarely branched, with a peduncle of 42-77cm and a flower spike 9-21cm long. The oval to round fruit are 1.8 x 1.5cm and greenish-purple to brown (when exposed to the elements), with sweet-sour, yellow flesh and almost always a single roundish seed.
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The leaves are scale-like and arranged in decussate pairs, with each leaf equal in size, giving the shoots a square cross-section (unlike the Libocedrus species, where pairs of larger leaves alternate with pairs of smaller leaves, giving a somewhat flattened shoot). The seed cones are 5–12 mm long and 4–6 mm broad, with four scales, two sterile basal scales and two fertile scales; each scale has a slender spine-like bract, and each fertile scale has two winged seeds 3–4 mm long. The pollen cones are 5–10 mm long and 2 mm broad, with 12–20 scales.
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The common base of the flowers in the same head is flattened globe-shaped and at only about 2 mm across comparatively very small. The bracts that subtend the head are set in a single whorl, each lance-shaped with a pointy tip, about 6 mm (¼ in) long and 1½–2 mm (0.06–0.08 in) wide. The bract that subtends each flower individually is lance-shaped to broadly oval, with a pointy tip, somewhat cartilaginous in consistency, covered with a thick layer of felty hairs, growing to approximately 1 cm long and becoming woody after the flower has been pollinated.
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The oppositely arranged leaves are borne on fleshy, knobby petioles, their base decurrent and connate (thus forming the segments), the blades forming small, triangular tips with narrow scarious margin. Sarcocornia pacifica, inflorescences The terminal or lateral inflorescences are spike-like, made up of joint-like segments with tiny paired cymes emerging from the joints. Each cyme consists of three (rarely five) flowers completely embedded between the bract and immersed in the fleshy tissue of the axis. The flowers of a cyme are arranged in a transverse row, the central flower separating the lateral flowers, with tissue of the axis between them.
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Serruria elongata is a small, hairless shrub of 1–1½ m (3½–5 ft) high with upright or rising stems. Its leaves are arranged in what appears to be a whorl at the base of the inflorescence stalk, are 5–12½ cm (2–5 in) long twice or more feather-shaped divided in the upper half to third, with about sixty segments, hairless or young leaves sometimes felty. The highest order segments are about 1 mm (0.04 in) thick, cylinder-shaped with a blunt tip that carries a pointy extension of the midrib. Each stalk carries five to twenty five flower heads, arranged like a panicle or corymb on the long common inflorescence stalk, extending far above the leaves. The inflorescence stalk is hairless and 15–30 cm (6–12 in) long. The primary branches of the inflorescence stalk are up to about 6 cm (2¼ in) in length and mostly carry several heads, each of which is subtended by a lance-shaped bract of 4–8 mm (0.16–0.32 in) long, with a pointy or pointed tip (or acute or acuminate). The stalks that carry the individual flower heads are 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long, hairless, and lack or have a very small bract. Flower heads are about 1½ cm (0.6 in) across.
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Each leaflet has seven to nine side veins on each side, and reticulate veinlets in between that are visible from both sides. The top leaflet is usually long and about half as wide. The leaflets at the base are slightly smaller and somewhat asymmetric. Flowers are with several in long racemes at the tip of branchlets, and develop from the base to the tip. The common axis is covered in soft short white hairs, and each flower is set on a 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) long flower stalk, which is initially in the axil of a 1–1½ cm long narrow bract.
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Trillium grandiflorum is a perennial that grows from a short rhizome and produces a single, showy white flower atop a whorl of three leaves. These leaves are often called bracts as the "stem" is then considered a peduncle (the rhizome is the stem proper, aboveground shoots of a rhizome are branches or peduncles); the distinction between bracts (found on pedicels or peduncles) and leaves (borne on stems). A single rootstock will often form clonal colonies, which can become very large and dense. Detail of a leafy bract showing engraved venation The erect, odorless flowers are large, especially compared to other species of Trillium, with long petals, depending on age and vigor.
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The cones are 10–21 cm long and 4 cm broad, with about 150–200 scales, each scale with an exserted bract and two winged seeds; they disintegrate when mature to release the seeds. It is closely related to (and in many respects intermediate between) silver fir to the north in central Europe, Greek fir to the south in southern Greece, and Nordmann fir to the east in northern Turkey. Some botanists treat it as a natural hybrid between silver Fir and Greek fir, while others treat it as a variety of silver fir, as Abies alba var. acutifolia. Another synonym is Abies pardei.
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All species are shrubs, though some can grow quite large; for example P. tomentosus may become, at up to 3 m high, a small tree. Like the closely related serrurias they have divided leaves, though a distinctive feature of the genus is that individual plants of some species can bear both normal leaves and ones that are only minimally or even undivided. Other strange features of the leaves are that they do not have distinct upper and lower surfaces and their venation is primitive. The flowerheads are spike-like inflorescences in which the flowers are grouped into fours, with each group of four carried beneath a leathery bract.
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Red bract and inflorescence Aechmea bracteata Aechmea bracteata is a plant species in the genus Aechmea. This species is native to Central America, Mexico, Colombia, and Venezuela; it is also reportedly naturalized in the Bahamas.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesPulido-Esparza, V.A., López-Ferrari, A.R. & Espejo-Serna, A. (2004). Flora Bromeliológia del estado de Guerrero, México: riqueza y distribución. Boletin de la Sociedad Botanica de México 75: 55-104.Espejo-Serna, A. & López-Ferrari, A.R. (2005). Bromeliaceae. Flora de Veracruz 136: 1-307. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos, Xalapa, Veracruz.Espejo-Serna, A., López-Ferrari, A.R., Martínez-Correa, N. & Pulido-Esparza, V.A. (2007).
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The functionally female florets are each stiffly enclosed by a large, cone-shaped green and white bract, and clustered with other one-flowered female flower heads, mostly surrounding groups of male florets. The inconspicuous corolla consists of whitish threads and surrounds the base of a whitish style with long arms which have rounded tips. The one-seeded indehiscent fruit (or cypsela) of the female florets are tiny, ovoid, with rows of stiff hairs on the ribs, and felty overall with long twin hairs, which have thin cell walls. The pappus on top consists of scales ending in a long drawn tip and with a row of hairs along the edges.
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The rhizome of Iris imbricata, with the leaves just emerging in the spring, seen at the Botanical Garden of Leipzig It is known as 'Svaveliris' in Sweden, and as 'Žvynuotasis Iris' in Lithuania. The Latin specific epithet imbricata refers to imbricans or imbricatus meaning overlapping like tiles, (leaves, corolla, bracts, scales).D. Gledhill Which refers to the plants large, overlapping bracts, or spathes ( bract-like leaves) on the stem. It is sometimes referred to as Iris imbricate (with an 'e' at the end), normally in Russia. Specimens were collected in 'Transcaucasia' in 1844, then sent to Lindley, from Spofforth (town in North Yorkshire) by the Hon.
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The genus was originally described in 1836 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, based on Ipheion uniflorum, separating it from Milla uniflora Graham (now Tristagma). The original description was unifloral inflorescences with white flowers, spathe formed by one bifid bract, staminal filaments independently fused to the perigonial tube and the fruit being a clavate trilocular capsule. Ipheion uniflorum, by John Lindley 1837 (as Triteleia uniflorum) The name then disappeared for more than a century and at various times the species have been included under other related genera (Milla, Tristagma, Brodiaea (including Hookera), Leucocoryne, Nothoscordum, Triteleia and Beauverdia). Several of these genera are now in a completely different but related family (Themidaceae).
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Flower diagram of Carduus (Carduoideae) shows (outermost to innermost): subtending bract and stem axis; fused calyx; fused corolla; stamens fused to corolla; gynoecium with two carpels and one locule The distinguishing characteristic of Asteraceae is their inflorescence, a type of specialised, composite flower head or pseudanthium, technically called a calathium or capitulum,Usher, G. (1966) A dictionary of botany, including terms used in bio-chemistry, soil science, and statistics. that may look superficially like a single flower. The capitulum is a contracted raceme composed of numerous individual sessile flowers, called florets, all sharing the same receptacle. A set of bracts forms an involucre surrounding the base of the capitulum.
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Additional species seen in The Banksia Atlas survey include white-eared honeyeater (Lichenostomus leucotis), white-plumed honeyeater (Lichenostomus penicillatus), crescent honeyeater (Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera), noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala), and species of friarbird for B. ericifolia var. ericifolia and brown honeyeater (Lichmera indistincta), tawny- crowned honeyeater (Gliciphila melanops) and black-faced cuckoo-shrike (Coracina novaehollandiae) for B. ericifolia var. macrantha. Insects recovered from inflorescences include the banksia boring moth (Arotrophora canthelias), younger instars of which eat flower and bract parts before tunneling into the rachis as they get older and boring into follicles and eating seeds. This tunneling itself damages the architecture of the spike and prevents seed development.
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These florets sit on a common base (or receptacle) across and are not individually subtended by a bract (or palea). The one-seeded fruits (or cypselas) are inverted egg-shaped to oval, yellow-brown to reddish in color, have two conspicuous vascular bundles along their edge, and are crowned by a circle of many, long, bone-colored hairs, with small teeth along their length and slightly wider at the tip. The surface of those belonging to the ligulate florets are hairless, those of the disc florets have very short hairs. Solitary flower heads sit at the tip of a long peduncles, in few headed umbel- like inflorescences.
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The genus Wollemia shares morphological characteristics with the genera Araucaria and Agathis. Wollemia and Araucaria both have closely crowned sessile and amphistomatic leaves, and aristate bract scales, while Wollemia and Agathis both have fully fused bracts, ovuliferous scales, and winged seeds. Scrutiny of the fossil record likewise does not clarify Wollemia’s relationship to Araucaria or Agathis, since the former has similarly disparate leaf characters in its adult and juvenile forms, and the latter has similar cone characters. Further, the recent description of several extinct genera within the Araucariaceae points to complex relationships within the family and a significant loss of diversity since the Cretaceous.
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The foliage is arranged in strongly flattened sprays; the leaves are scale-like, arranged in opposite decussate pairs on the shoots; the facial leaves are 1–2 mm long and 1 mm broad, and the lateral leaves markedly larger, 3–7 mm long and 1.5–3 mm broad. The seed cones are cylindrical, 10–12 mm long, with four scales each with a prominent curved spine-like bract; they are arranged in two opposite decussate pairs around a small central columella; the outer pair of scales is small and sterile, the inner pair large, each bearing two winged seeds. They are mature about six to eight months after pollination.
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It is an evergreen coniferous tree growing to 25 m tall, with a trunk up to 2.5 m diameter. The foliage is arranged in flattened sprays; the leaves are scale- like, 1.5–2 mm long and 1 mm broad, arranged in opposite decussate pairs on the shoots. The seed cones are cylindrical, 8–12 mm long, with four scales each with a prominent curved spine-like bract; they are arranged in two opposite decussate pairs around a small central columella; the outer pair of scales is small and sterile, the inner pair large, bearing two winged seeds. They are mature about six to eight months after pollination.
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Each fertile unit comprises a bract and a cluster of five axillary peltate sporangiophores bearing several concentric cycles of sporangia. Two sporangiophores are distally, two are proximally directed and one is at 90° to the strobilar axis. The strobili of Rotafolia differ from those of Bowmanites, Sphenostrobus and Peltastrobus in that the bracts are independent and bear distal and lateral elongate segments; multiple abaxial sporangia are attached to the base of the bracts at the same level. Recorded in the Upper Devonian, Eviostachya hoegii (Leclercq, 1957; Wang, 1993) is a sphenopsid that has whorls of divided vegetative leaves and opposite strobilar axes at nodes.
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Pityrodia gilruthiana is a spreading shrub which grows to a height of about and which has branches sticky due to the presence of branched, glandular hairs. The leaves are linear to narrow lance-shaped, glabrous but sticky, long, wide, darker green on the upper surface and have a prominent mid-vein on the lower surface. The flowers are fragrant and stalkless, arranged singly in upper leaf axils with a leaf-like bract and leafy, narrow linear to lance- shaped sticky bracteoles long at their base. The sepals are long and joined for less than half their length to form a bell-shaped tube with five lance- shaped lobes on the end.
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In 1932 De Winton published a book on her work titled 'Leaf and Bract Forms of Primula Sinensis and their Inheritance', following that with 'The Genetics of Primula sinensis: IV. Indications as to the Ontogenetic Relationship of Leaf and Inflorescence' with Edgar Anderson in 1935. She also published a study on self-sterility and self-fertility in Nicotiana with Anderson in 1931. De Winton left the John Innes Horticultural Institution in 1941, following the appointment of Cyril Darlington as the director of the institute in 1939. Changes made by Darlington resulted in a reduction in her pay which she found unacceptable, resulting in her resignation (together with Caroline Pellew).
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F. amoena subsp. latifolia, is a taxon which sometimes has a blue disc, but yellow discs are more commonFelicia filifolia, showing disc florets turning pinkish brown when agingThe flowerheads have two rows of involucral bracts in almost all species of the section Neodetris (the exceptions being F. cymbalariae, F. denticulata, F. dubia and F. tenera), while the rest of the species have three or four rows of bracts. The communal base (or receptacle) on which the individual florets are implanted is lightly convex and lacks a receptacular bract (or palea) at the foot of each floret. Almost always, one row of female ligulate florets surrounds a centre of several rows of bisexual disc florets.
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Under either name, the species has a wide distribution across the cooler parts of the Northern Hemisphere, covering much of Europe, non-tropical Asia (Russia, Japan, China, the Himalayas, etc.), much of Canada and parts of the United States (Alaska, Northeast, the Appalachians, Great Lakes Region, Northern Great Plains, and Rocky Mountains).Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution mapAltervista Flora Italiana, Celoglosso Long Bract Frog Orchid, Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm., Accepted name: Dactylorhiza viridis (L.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase includes European distribution map It is typically found growing in moist, rich soil in wet meadows, moist or wet deciduous woods and thickets, and is frequently found on steep slopes.
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The flowers are pale purple, and star-shaped with six petals, wide, and produced in a dense inflorescence of 10-30 together; before opening, the inflorescence is surrounded by a papery bract. The seeds are produced in a small, three-valved capsule, maturing in summer. The herb flowers from April to May in the southern parts of its habitat zones and in June in the northern parts.Allium schoenoprasum factsheet, from Kemper center for home gardening, retrieved on June 13, 2006, based on the position of the botanical Garden (Missouri)Gräslök, from Den virtuella floran, retrieved on June 13, 2006, The facts mentioned on the site apply to Sweden, which is in the northern part of the habitat zone.
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The hairless bract that subtends the individual flower is purplish in colour, about 6 mm (0.24 in) long and 3 mm (0.12 in) wide, and consists of a roundish body from which a thick midrib extends in a long, stretched tip. The silvery flowers are straight while still buds. The lower part of the 4-merous perianth with the lobes fused (called the tube) is 3 mm (0.012 in) long, hairless and quickly splits to its base. The middle part where all four segments that become free as soon as the flower opens (called claws) are magenta pink, 6½–8 mm (¼–⅓ in) long, very narrowly spade-shaped, and covered in short hairs pressed to its surface.
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Tree in a public park in Belgium Tilia tomentosa is a deciduous tree growing to tall, with a trunk up to in diameter. The leaves are alternately arranged, rounded to triangular-ovate, 4–13 cm long and broad with a 2.5–4 cm petiole, green and mostly hairless above, densely white tomentose with white hairs below, and with a coarsely toothed margin. The flowers are pale yellow, hermaphrodite, produced in cymes of three to ten in mid to late summer with a pale green subtending leafy bract; they have a strong scent and are pollinated by honeybees. The fruit is a dry nut-like drupe 8–10 mm long, downy, and slightly ribbed.
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It is a medium- size evergreen coniferous tree growing to 15–25 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m. The leaves are needle-like, flattened, 1.5–2.5 cm long and 2 mm wide by 0.5 mm thick, glossy dark green above, and with two greenish- white bands of stomata below. The tip of the leaf is blunt with a notched tip, but sometimes with a pointed tip, particularly on shoots high on older trees. The cones are 10–16 cm long and 4 cm broad, with about 150 scales, each scale with an exserted bract and two winged seeds; they disintegrate when mature to release the seeds.
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Felicia is a genus of small shrubs, perennial or annual herbaceous plants, with 85 known species, that is assigned to the daisy family (Compositae or Asteraceae). Like in almost all Asteraceae, the individual flowers are 5-merous, small and clustered in typical heads, and which are surrounded by an involucre of, in this case between two and four whorls of, bracts. In Felicia, the centre of the head is taken by yellow, seldomly whitish or blackish blue disc florets, and is almost always surrounded by one single whorl of mostly purple, sometimes blue, pink, white or yellow ligulate florets and rarely ligulate florets are absent. These florets sit on a common base (or receptacle) and are not individually subtended by a bract (or palea).
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The leaves are needle-like, light glaucous green, 2–4 cm long; they turn bright yellow to orange before they fall in the autumn, leaving the pale yellow-brown shoots bare until the next spring. The cones are erect, ovoid-conic, 4-7.5 cm long, with 50-100 seed scales, each seed scale with a long exserted and reflexed basal bract; they are dark purple when immature, turning dark brown and opening to release the seeds when mature, 5–7 months after pollination. The old cones commonly remain on the tree for many years, turning dull grey- black. Larix griffithii female cone It is sometimes called the Himalayan larch, not to be confused with Larix himalaica, which is generally known as the Langtang larch.
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Typical floral diagram of a Brassicaceae (Erysimum "Bowles' Mauve")Flowers may be arranged in racemes, panicles, or corymbs, with pedicels sometimes in the axil of a bract, and few species have flowers that sit individually on flower stems that spring from the axils of rosette leaves. The orientation of the pedicels when fruits are ripe varies dependent on the species. The flowers are bisexual, star symmetrical (zygomorphic in Iberis and Teesdalia) and the ovary positioned above the other floral parts. Each flower has four free or seldomly merged sepals, the lateral two sometimes with a shallow spur, which are mostly shed after flowering, rarely persistent, may be reflexed, spreading, ascending, or erect, together forming a tube-, bell- or urn-shaped calyx.
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The bract that subtends each flower individually is inverted lance-shaped, suddenly narrowing into a pointed tip, densely set with woolly hairs in the lower half, the tip greyish due to a covering of long spreading silky hairs. The 4-merous, pale carmine perianth is 2½–3 cm long, uniformly covered in hairs villous and strongly incurved while in bud. The lowest, fully merged, part of the perianth, called tube, is about 8 mm (⅓ in) long, hairless and narrow at the base, powdery hairy higher up. The upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud, consists of four narrowly lance-shaped lobes with a pointy tip, covered in short felty hairs and some long silky hairs.
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The male head is cone-, egg- or almost globe-shaped and about 1¼ cm (½ in) in diameter. The bract subtending the individual male flower is about 1½ mm (0.06 in) long, oblong, with a nearly pointy tip, covered in long, soft and winding hairs and a regular row of straight hairs along the upper half of the margin. The lower part of the 4-merous perianth of the male flower that remains merged upon opening called tube is about 2 mm (0.08 in) long, slightly compressed, with long, soft, straight hairs. The middle part that consists of four free segments ones the flower opens (called claws) are about 2½ mm (0.10 in) long, linear spade-shaped and covered in long, soft, straight hairs.
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Libocedrus plumosa is an evergreen coniferous tree growing to tall, with a trunk up to diameter. The bark is loose, fibrous and light brown. The foliage is arranged in flattened sprays; the leaves are scale-like, arranged in opposite decussate pairs on the shoots; the facial leaves are 1–2 mm long and 1 mm broad, and the lateral leaves distinctly larger, 2–5 mm long and 1.5–2 mm broad. The seed cones are cylindrical, 12–18 mm long, with four scales each with a prominent curved spine-like bract; they are arranged in two opposite decussate pairs around a small central columella; the outer pair of scales is small and sterile, the inner pair large, each bearing two winged seeds.
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A high proportion of the first type of subterranean cypselas germinates quickly, while in the second type germination is spread over time due to inhibition by hormones from the fruit skin. The cypselas in the aerial flower heads form from April to May and neither shows delayed germination, but the three types differ in the way they disperse. Those bordering the involucre have short and scaly pappus and are subtended by a bract, to be released with the flower head when it breaks free from the dead mother plant, resulting in dispersal over a short distance. The cypselas at the centre of the flower head however carry much longer pappus and dislodge much sooner to be carried off by the wind over larger distances.
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The bract subtending the individual flower, tightly embraces its base, is broadly oval in shape with a pointy tip, about ½ cm (0.2 in) wide and , very densely set with long straight silky hairs. The 4-merous perianth is cream to pale carmine in colour, very strongly curved towards the center of the flower head, 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) long. The lower part that remains merged upon opening called tube is prominently inflated, long and at its widest furthest from the base, narrow and hairless near the base and densely woolly near the top. The middle part where at least one of the lobes becomes free when the flower opens (called claws), strongly flexes back, is long, suddenly narrowed above tube, and densely woolly, particularly at the margins, carmine in colour when fresh.
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The flower heads are 3½ cm (1.4 in) long and consist of three to six flowers, and are subtended by an ordinary green leaf. The outer whorl of bracts that encircle the flower heads are green and leafy in texture, line- to lance-shaped, 1½–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) long and 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 in) wide. The bracts on the inside of the head are papery in consistency and carry some silky hairs on the outer surface, are narrowly lance-shaped to elliptic lance-shaped with a sharply pointed tip, 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) long and 4–10 mm (0.16–0.40 in) wide. The bract that subtends the individual flower is line-shaped or narrowly lance-shaped, about 1 cm (0.4 in) long and covered in dense silky hairs.
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The foliage is a dull dark to light green color, with scale- like leaves 1–1.5 mm long, with the leaf tips not spreading; seedlings bear needle-like leaves 8–10 mm long. The cones are small, 11–24 mm long, and almost spherical, with six or eight scales arranged in opposite decussate pairs, with the bract visible as no more than a small lump or short spine on the scale. The seeds are 3–5 mm long, with a pair of small wings along the sides. The cones remain closed on the trees for many years, until the trees are killed by a forest fire; after the tree is dead, the cones open to release the seeds which can then germinate successfully on the bare fire-cleared ground.
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Conifer Specialist Group 2000: Libocedrus yateensis It is an evergreen coniferous shrub or small tree growing to 12 m tall, sometimes multi-stemmed, with trunks up to 30 cm diameter. The foliage is arranged in flattened sprays; the leaves are scale-like, arranged in opposite decussate pairs on the shoots; the facial leaves are 1.5–2 mm long and 1 mm broad, and the lateral leaves slightly larger, 2–5 mm long and 1–2 mm broad. The seed cones are cylindrical, 9–10 mm long, with four scales each with a prominent curved spine-like bract; they are arranged in two opposite decussate pairs around a small central columella; the outer pair of scales is small and sterile, the inner pair large, each bearing two winged seeds.
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Flora of China: Abies nephrolepis It is a medium-sized evergreen coniferous tree growing to 30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.2 m diameter and a narrow conic to columnar crown. The bark is grey-brown, smooth on young trees, becoming fissured on old trees. The leaves are flat needle-like, 10–30 mm long and 1.5–2 mm broad, green above, and with two dull greenish-white stomatal bands below; they are spirally arranged, but twisted at the base to lie flattened either side of and forwards across the top of the shoots. The cones are 4.5–7 cm (rarely to 9.5 cm) long and 2–3 cm broad, green or purplish ripening grey- brown, and often very resinous; the tips of the bract scales are slightly exserted between the seed scales.
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Each is on a stalk of 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) long. The common base of the flowers in the same head is flattened and 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) wide. The bracts that subtend the head have a pointy tip and are lance-shaped to oval, 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) wide, overlapping, cartilaginous in consistency, densely silky, the tip slightly hooked and thickened. The bract that subtends each flower individually is rectangular, about 5 mm (0.20 in) long and 2 mm (0.08 in) wide, embraces the flower at its base (or obtrullate), cartilaginous in consistency, densely softly hairy, the tip hooked. The initially yellow, 4-merous perianth is 16–18 mm (0.64–0.72 in) long.
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Branching veins on underside of taro leaf The venation within the bract of a lime tree Micrograph of a leaf skeleton Veins (sometimes referred to as nerves) constitute one of the more visible leaf traits or characteristics. The veins in a leaf represent the vascular structure of the organ, extending into the leaf via the petiole and providing transportation of water and nutrients between leaf and stem, and play a crucial role in the maintenance of leaf water status and photosynthetic capacity.They also play a role in the mechanical support of the leaf. Within the lamina of the leaf, while some vascular plants possess only a single vein, in most this vasculature generally divides (ramifies) according to a variety of patterns (venation) and form cylindrical bundles, usually lying in the median plane of the mesophyll, between the two layers of epidermis.
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Abies numidica is a medium-sized to large evergreen tree growing to 20–35 meters tall, with a trunk up to 1 meter diameter. The leaves are needle-like, moderately flattened, 1.5–2.5 centimeters long and 2–3 millimeters wide by 1 millimeters thick, glossy dark green with a patch of greenish-white stomata near the tip above, and with two greenish-white bands of stomata below. The tip of the leaf is variable, usually pointed, but sometimes slightly notched at the tip, particularly on slow-growing shoots on older trees. The cones are glaucous green with a pink or violet tinge, maturing brown, 10–20 centimeters long and 4 centimeters broad, with about 150–200 scales, each scale with a short bract (not visible on the closed cone) and two winged seeds; they disintegrate when mature to release the seeds.
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Fossilized specimens of M. acuminata have been found dating to 20 million years ago, and of plants identifiably belonging to the Magnoliaceae date to 95 million years ago. Another aspect of Magnolia considered to represent an ancestral state is that the flower bud is enclosed in a bract rather than in sepals; the perianth parts are undifferentiated and called tepals rather than distinct sepals and petals. Magnolia shares the tepal characteristic with several other flowering plants near the base of the flowering plant lineage such as Amborella and Nymphaea (as well as with many more recently derived plants such as Lilium). The natural range of Magnolia species is a disjunct distribution, with a main center in east and southeast Asia and a secondary center in eastern North America, Central America, the West Indies, and some species in South America.
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They are trees reaching up to 30 m height and 70 cm in diameter. The heartwood is dark green. Leaves alternate, simple, spirally arranged, obovate, coriaceous, measuring from 14,4 to 25,5 cm long and from 15 to 29,2 cm broad; short and tomentose pubescence on the bottom, much more noticeable in the main vein, and can be felt by touching it; the stipules are large and covered with short and soft pubescence. The flowers are cream color, with a bract on the flower bud covered with a short and deciduous indumentum; they have three sepals and eight thick petals. The fruits are elliptical and asymmetric, measuring from 4,2 to 6,7 cm large and from 3,2 to 3,6 cm broad; the central axis of the fruit has a length of 4,5 to 5,3 cm and 1,4 to 1,7 cm wide; opens irregularly due to the detachment of its carpels.
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Serruria fasciflora is a much branched, sprawling to upright perennial shrublet of 40 cm to 1 m (1⅓–3⅓ ft) high and about ½ m (1⅔ ft) wide, with purplish, initially felty or powdery hairs that are lost later on. It has sparsely hairy, twice finely divided in the upper half to two thirds, green leaves of 3–7 cm (1.2–2.8 in) long and 2½–3½ cm (1.0–1.4 in) wide. The furthest segments up to about 2 cm (¾ in) long, awl- to olmost threat-shaped with a very pointy tip. It bears a broad corymb of ten to fifteen flat-topped flower heads on a short hairy stalk, that is enclosed by leaves. The stalks of the individual flower heads are 0.65–1.9 cm (¼–¾ in) long, slender, densely softly hairy, with a single awl-shaped softly hairy bract of about 4 mm (0.16 in) long just below the head.
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This cool to cold growing, large, terrestrial, sometimes lithophytic or rarely epiphytic, tufted species with erect leaves is found at a height of between 2,000 and 4,000 metres, including around Machu Picchu in Peru, on steep rocky slopes covered with grasses and shrubs in full sun but with the leaves protected by the grass with short ramicauls enveloped by a series of tubular bracts with a linear-oblanceolate, tapered to the channelled petiolate base, acute, thick leaf that blooms in the spring and early summer with an erect, 39 to 44 cm. long, single flowered inflorescence carrying two distant, tubular bracts and a single inflated tubular, ovate floral bract with the long-lasting flowers held way above the leaves. The unequal colour distribution apparent in M. veitchiana is accorded to the presence of minute purple hairs on the sepals which lend a prismatic visual aspect to the flower. Viewed head-on with the light behind you, the colour is symmetrical.
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A herb, 60 cm high, with a creeping rooting base. Stem erect, somewhat fleshy, subflexuous, pubescent to tomentose in the upper portion, up to 5 cm thick in the lower portion. Leaves papery when dry, obovate-elliptic to elliptic, shortly acuminate, narrowing to an obtuse base, margin entire or wavy, 14–18 cm long, 5–8 cm wide, glabrous, paler green beneath; lateral nerves 8–10 on each side, curving upwards and uniting within the margin, prominent beneath; petiole more or less pubescent, about 1.2 cm or less in length. Stipules subulate, 5–6 cm or less in length, generally falling before the leaves. Inflorescence solitary in the upper leaf-axils; stalk 1.2– 2 cm long, puberulous; receptacle flattened or somewhat convex, orbicular, 2.5–4.5 cm in diameter, including the broad membranous margin (7–10 cm wide), which is prolonged into numerous (about 15) very unequal bract-arms, a few from 1.2– 2 cm long, the remainder short, from 2.5–7.5 cm long.
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Zephyranthes candida, with common names that include autumn zephyrlily, white windflower, white rain lily, and Peruvian swamp lily, is a species of rain lily native to South America including Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil. The species is widely cultivated as an ornamental and reportedly naturalized in many places (South Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Zimbabwe, Seychelles, central and southern China, Korea, Nansei-shoto (Ryukyu Islands), Bhutan, Solomon Islands, Queensland, Nauru, Tonga, Society Islands, Mariana Islands, southeastern United States (from Texas to North Carolina), the Lesser Antilles, and Peru).Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesBiota of North American Program Leaves are a deep glossy green and measure 3 mm wide. Flowers, which bud late in August (when propagated in the Northern Hemisphere) at first resemble a new leaf, but emerge from their papery sheaves to a stunning whiteness; they are erect in perianth white and sometimes pinkish abaxially. The leaf-like bract is 1.8 to 4 cm.
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The flower heads consist of fourteen to twenty two individual flowers and are subtended by an ordinary, flat, green leaf. The outer whorl of bracts that encircle the flower heads are loosely arranged, oval to broadly lance-shaped with a pointy tip, 1–2½ cm (0.4–1.0 in) long and 6–8 mm (¼–⅓ in) wide, with a hairless surface except for a row of hairs along the edge. The bracts on the inside of the head are narrowly lance-shaped, 1¼–2½ cm (½–1 in) long and ¼–½ cm (0.1–0.2 in) wide. The bract that subtend the individual flower is lance- shaped, 1¼–2¼ cm (0.5–0.9 in) long and 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) wide, with very densely silky margins. The yellow 4-merous perianth is 3–3½ cm (1.2–1.4 in) long. The lower part called tube, that remains merged when the flower is open, is about 2 mm (0.08 in) long, slightly inflated, and hairless.
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The common base of the flowers in the same head is low cone-shaped, about 7 mm (0.28 in) in both height and width. The bracts that subtend the flower head are pointy or suddenly pointed, about 5 mm (0.2 in) wide and 7–10 mm (0.28–0.40 in) long, overlapping, rubbery in consistency, softly hairy and with a tightly spaced, regular row of equal length hairs along its margin. The bract subtending the individual flower is egg-shaped, 8–10 mm long and 5–6 mm wide at base and abruptly pointed at the tip, rubbery in consistency and woolly hairy at its base, again with the margins set with a tightly spaced, regular row of equal length hairs. The 4-merous perianth is very small for a Leucospermum, 1½–1¾ cm (0.6–0.7 in) long, pale cream to translucent in colour, strongly curved towards the center of the head in the bud.
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The plant has an 8-12 centimeters long elliptical underground rhizome with a diameter of 3-5 centimeters but may grow up to 7 centimeters. The stem is erect with a height of 0.3-1 meter up to 2 meters, the orange yellow, tan, cylinder, and leafless. The flowered pale olivine or the orange red, the scape is length 5-30 centimeters, longest may be 50 centimeters. Floral Bractsare long lanceolate, length 1-1.5 centimeters; Pedicel and ovary of branch 0.7-1.2 centimeter, slightly short in colored bract; The sepal and the petal produce a slanting pot shape perianth tube, the perianth tube long the approximately 1 centimeter, the diameter 5-7 millimeters. The labellum is white, circular, with a length of 6-7 millimeters and width of 3-4 millimeters, the tip 3 cracks, the base pastes the tight pistil column full terminal, has a pair of pulp callus, in the callus connection perianth tube.
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The bract subtending the individual flower is line-shaped with a pointy tip, ¾–1¼ cm long, silky hairy and with a tuft of longer straight hairs at the tip. The 4-merous perianth is bright yellow, 2½–2¾ mm (1.0–1.1 in) long, straight when still in bud, curving towards the stem when the flower opens but star- symmetrical thereafter. Unlike other Mimetes species, the flower lacks a tube at its base. The segments in the lower part are ¾–1 cm (0.3–0.4 in) long, hyaline in consistency, hairless, free and bent to the outside. The middle part forms a tube, because the segments are merged through interlocking hairs along the margins, of 6–8 mm (¼–⅓ in) long and is covered in dense powdery hairs. The segments in the upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud, are hairless, line-shaped with a pointy tip and 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long.
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Minor criticisms included the "woolliness" of certain glossary definitions (which "has unfortunate consequences in the descriptions that follow"), issues with the main key, a lack of ranges for many measurements, truncated peduncles in some line drawings, and no mention of bract morphology in the species descriptions. More serious criticism was levelled at the inclusion of numerous informally named taxa and at Lowrie's reliance on original descriptions (without examination of type material) in making certain taxonomic determinations, particularly with respect to the confused D. omissa. Cheek also added: "For the grower of pygmy Drosera, a major disappointment is that the numerous cultivar names that so many pygmy sundew species, of direct wild origin, have been traded under for 10 years or more [...] are not accounted for, nor mentioned anywhere in the text." Summarising, Cheek wrote: > Even in view of the reservations expressed above, the keys, descriptions, > maps and illustrations are vastly superior to those of previous authors.
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The flower heads, which are in the axils of the higher leaves on the stems, each contain between four and seven individual flowers. The bracts that encircle the flower heads are unequal in size, clasp the base of the flowers tidly, are powdery hairy but felty near the base, and together form a two-lipped involucre. The two or three bracts below the attachment of the flowers are broadly ellipse-shaped with a pointy tip, and are larger, 3½–4 cm (1.4–1.6 in) long and 12–16 mm (0.48–0.64 in) wide. The bracts above the attachment of the flower heads are smaller, narrowly lance-shaped with a pointy tip, 1½–2½ cm (0.6–1.0 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) wide. The bract subtending the individual flower is linear with to awl-shaped, about 10 mm (0.40 in) long and 1 mm (0.04 in) wide, and densely covered in silky hairs. The 4-merous perianth is 4–4½ cm (1.6–1.8 in) long.
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The surface is silvery because it is covered in dense silky hairs, and felty hairs along the margins. The inflorescence is broadly cylinder-shaped, 7–14 cm (2¾–5⅔ in) long and 7–12 cm (2¾–4¾ in) in diameter, topped by a tuft of smallish, more or less upright, egg-shaped or narrowly egg-shaped, silvery hairy leaves, sometimes tinged pink. In the axils of the higher leaves are flower heads each containing eight to twelve flowers, the subtending leaves not different from the lower leaves being silvery and flat. The outer whorl of bracts that encircle the flower heads are lance-shaped with a pointy tip, 1½–2¼ cm (0.6–0.9 in) long and ¼–½ cm (0.08–0.20 in) wide, grey felty hairy, the inner whorl narrowly lance-shaped. The bract subtending the individual flower is linear to awl-shaped and 12–16 mm (0.48–0.64 in) long, about 1 mm (0.04 in) wide and covered in very dense felty hairs. The cream coloured 4-merous perianth is 3½–3¾ cm (1.4–1.7 in) long.
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The hairless leaves are inverted lance-shaped with a wedge-shaped base narrowing to a stalk, the tip cut-off, with three to five stout teeth of 4½–7 cm (1.8–2.8 in) long and 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) wide. The more or less flattened globe-shaped flowerheads of 5–8 cm (2.0–3.2 in) in diameter have a stalk of about 1 cm (0.4 in) long, are usual set individually but sometimes grouped in twos or threes. The common base of the flowers in the same head is broadly cone-shaped, about 1 cm (0.4 in) long and approximately ¾ cm across. The bracts that subtend each flower head are greyish because they are covered with densely matted silky hairs, tightly overlapping and pressed against the flower head, oval with a pointy tip, about 8 mm (0.3 in) long and 5 mm (0.2 in) wide, and cartilaginous in consistency. The bract that subtends each flower individually encloses the perianth at its base, has an extended pointed tip (cuspidate), about 1 cm (0.4 in) long and ½ cm (0.2 in) wide, very densely set with woolly hairs at the base and silky hairy near the tip.
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When the flowers open, the styles grow rapidly, first breaking through the perianth claws and curve away from the center of the head, until the pollen presenter also ruptures the limbs at the top of the perianth. The common base has a pointy, narrow cone- shape, is 5–5½ cm (2.0–2.2 in) long and 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) across. The bracts subtending the flower head are pointy oval in shape, 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) long and about 7 mm (0.28 in) wide, tightly pressed against the common base and overlapping, thin and papery imbricate, the outer surface initially covered in powdery hairs that soon wear off, and with a regular row of equal length hairs along its edge. The bract subtending the individual flower is pointy to pointed lance-shaped, enveloping the perianth at its foot, with the margins folded inwards, about 2 cm (0.8 in) long and 8–10 mm (0.32–0.40 in) wide, thickly covered in woolly hairs at its foot, with a regular row of equal length hairs along the edges and a tuft of tough straight hairs at the tip. The 4-merous perianth is about 5 cm (2 in) and golden yellow in colour.
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Annual with spreading branches, 10–50 cm, glaucous-green or grey-purple, densely glandular- and nonglandular-hairy. Stems paniculately branched; herbage green, pubescent (spreading-viscid and short-glandular-pilose) with long soft white hairs. Leaves of main stem alternate, deeply divided into 3 linear to thread-like segments, 20–40 mm; of the branches entire, few and remote. Inflorescences "leafy" 2—4 flowered small capitate spikes, 15–20 mm, head-like; bracts gland- tipped, of 2 kinds: those subtending the spike 4–7, linear-lanceolate, palmately divided (lobes 3 in lower ½), 10–20 mm; those subtending each flower entire or pinnately divided, 12–18 mm, elliptical, acute, entire, arched outward, purplish. Flower calyx purplish, 10–15 mm (shorter than the inner floral bract), tube 2–4 mm, tip bifid 2–3 mm deep, ca 1/3 of the calyx length; corolla 10–20 mm, erect, straight or nearly so, maroon, puberulent with reflexed hairs; lips subequal in length: galea pale, whitish, with a yellow- tip, finely pubescent and dark purple dorsally: lower lip shorter than upper: throat moderately inflated, 4–6 mm wide; stamens 2: filaments glabrous or nearly so, dilated above base and forming a U-shaped curve near the anther: anther sac 1 (with vestiges of a second), ciliate.
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The inflorescences are broadly cylinder-shaped, 8–14 cm (3¼–5¾ in) long and 8–9 cm (3¼–3½ in) in diameter, with a tuft of smaller, pinkish, not very upright leaves. It consists of up to fourteen flower head that each contain nine to fourteen individual flowers and sit in the axil of an ordinary flat green leaf. The outer whorl of bracts that encircle the flower heads are bright yellow with red tips, pointy lance-shaped, 1½–4 cm (0.6–1.6 in) long and ½–1¼ cm (0.2–0.5 in) wide, papery in consistency, mostly hairless but sometime with a few silky hairs, the margins towards the tip with a row of silky hairs, and are tightly enveloping the flowers. The inner bracts are narrowly lance-shaped with a pointy tip, sickle-shaped, thinly papery in consistency, 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) long and 4–6 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide, slightly silky hairy along the margins. The bract subtending the individual flower is line- to awl-shaped, 5–8 mm (0.20–0.32 in) long and about 1 mm (0.04 in) wide, hairless except for a row of minute hairs along the edges. The 4-merous perianth is 3–4 cm (1.2–1.4 in) long and straight.
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