His face was handsome, narrow, with a prematurely wrinkled forehead, sideburns you could roll around in and a scurf of stubble.
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Mr. Borle had dressed for the walk in unfussy attire — a thermal undershirt, gray jeans, scuffed boots, a scurf of razor burn — a far cry from Wonka's plum-colored finery.
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From "One Toss of the Dice": The lucid and lordly aigrette of vertigoon the invisible browscintillatesthen shadowsa delicate dark formuprightin its sea siren's sinuosity time enough to slapwith impatient terminal scurf forked a rock.
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But methinks that is a scurf that will fall off fast enough — that the natural remedy is to be found in the proportion which the night bears to the day, the winter to the summer, thought to experience.
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Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale and her only daughter, Edith Bouvier Beale, aunt and cousin to Jacqueline Kennedy and otherwise known as Big and Little Edie, spent half a century there enveloped in gothic scurf, attended by an army of cats and raccoons, and surrounded by the decaying accouterments of the social class from which they had exiled themselves.
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Serenade ASO (a formulation of Bacillus subtilis) has proved to suppress silver scurf, reduced both the incidence and severity of silver scurf under low disease pressure and delayed the beginning of silver scurf in storage for five months.
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American Potato Journal 69, 289-97. However, no silver scurf-resistant cultivars of Solanum tuberosum have, thus far, been identified. There is lack of reports of silver scurf resistant potato cultivars.
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Soil types influenced the development of silver scurf to a great extent, both at harvest season and the following three-month storage period. Some soils displayed suppressiveness in different levels. The results from experimental trials revealed a significant negative correlation between silver scurf disease severity, and soil NO3 content and Fe availability. NO3 had been negatively correlated with silver scurf disease previously.
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Very susceptible to: seed decay, blackleg, early blight, late blight, early dying, PVY, soft rot, dry rot, leak, pink rot, silver scurf, and black scurf. Susceptible to: common scab. Moderately tolerant to: leaf roll. Tolerant to: PVX.
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RODRIGUEZ, D.A. (1994). Studies on epidemiology and management of silver scurf of potato. PhD Thesis.
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NO3 is an efficient nitrogen source used by H. solani.SINGH, A. (1968). Studies on Helminthosporium solani, the causal organism of silver scurf of potato. PhD Thesis, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. Therefore, a direct adverse effect between silver scurf and NO3 is not likely to happen.
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One of the major reasons for the increasing economic importance of silver scurf is the lack of high levels of resistance in potato cultivars.MÉRIDA, C.L., LORIA, R., & HALSETH, D.E. (1994). Effects of potato cultivar and time of harvest on the severity of silver scurf. Plant Dis., 78, 146–149.
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TBZ is widely used as post-harvest treatment on potatoes since the early 1970s. Silver scurf on tubers can be reduced by the systemic broad- spectrum fungicide TBZ. TBZ is low toxicity and is used to prevent or control silver scurf for short time period, e.g. several months, with no effect on quality or retention of residues.
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When silver scurf was first found in Moscow in 1871, it was considered as a minor plant disease. After an increase in silver scurf incidence from America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, China, and New Zealand since 1968, the disease was later considered a pathogen of major importance. Although the disease did not cause potato yield losses and only affected the cosmetic appearance of the tuber, it had a huge impact on the potato market. With growing consumer demands for attractive appearance in fresh market cultivars, silver scurf on potatoes with blemishes and discoloration have been rejected by the industry.
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In leather treatment, it can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing. It can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction. It can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone. When added to scalding water, it facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.
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Silver scurf blemishes on a tuber Silver scurf is a plant disease of potato, which is caused by the anamorphic ascomycete fungus, Helminthosporium Solani. Potato tubers are the only known host of Helminthosporium solani. It is a highly specific pathogen which does not have a secondary host or alternate host. A common symptom of this disease is blemishing on the surface of the potato tubers.
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Furthermore, the silver scurf causes water loss which makes it difficult to peel the tubers. The excess tuber shrinkage also causes weight loss in tubers. From the cosmetic effect, dehydration, and weight loss of the tubers, the fresh market is facing major economic losses from the disease even today. For example, the Idaho's potato industry lost about 7 to 8.5 million dollars from the silver scurf disease.
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The silver scurf disease of the potato. Mededeling van het Instituute voor Plantenzeiktenkundig Onderzoek 482, 1±62. This is caused by light brown lesions, which in turn change the permeability of tuber skin and then it causes tuber shrinkage and water loss, which finally causes weight loss. The disease has become economically important because silver scurf affected potatoes for processing and direct consumption have been rejected by the industry.
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Biological control is considered an attractive alternative to chemicals for the efficient, reliable, and environmentally safe control of plant pathogens. A fungus of the genus Cephalosporium Corda (now been renamed Acremonium strictum) was able to decrease the dissemination of silver scurf in storage. Cephalosporium has shown the ability to significantly diminish sporulation, spore germination and mycelial growth of H. solani. However, Cephalosporium does not reduce silver scurf on previously infected potatoes.
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Fungicides control many plant diseases efficiently, but very limited types of fungicides are efficient against the silver scurf pathogen. Fungicides usually apply to soil or seed tubers before culturing.
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Not only does the cost come from rejecting silver scurf diseased potatoes, but it also comes from an increase in the amount of time needed for sorting and inspecting every potato.
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The conidia are characterized by being very darkly melanized and having multiple pseudosepta. Another characteristic of this fungus is the absence of motile spores. Like with many other fungal plant diseases, a diagnosis can be made by looking for the specific sexual structures of the fungus and observing them for the specific characteristics of silver scurf. Another way that silver scurf can be diagnosed is through molecular techniques, such as PCR and sequencing to identify the presence of the pathogen.
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Tephrosia chrysophylla, commonly known as scurf hoarypea is a species of flowering plant. It is in the genus Tephrosia and family Fabaceae. It is a perennial dicot. It has red flowers and compound alternating leaves.
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ADAMS, A.P., SANDAR, N., & NELSON, D.C. (1970). Some properties of soils affecting russet scab and silver scurf of potatoes. Am. Potato J., 47, 49–57. This provides a possible suppressive effect of these two soil components.
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A probable explanation for this observation is that NO3 could function on other soil microorganisms which possibly act as H. solani antagonists. These results indicated that microbial antagonists may be the key components contributing to soil suppressiveness and their antagonists may lead efficient biological control of silver scurf.
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As the frequency of resistant isolates to TBZ increase, some other fungicides have been tested to control silver scurf, such as imazalil, prochloraz and propiconazole fungicides, which are all classified in conazole, DMI (demethylation inhibitors). Imazalil and prochloraz fungicides are commonly used in seed treatment, while propiconazole fungicide is usually for foliar treatment.
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Saint Genesius of Arles (in French Saint Genès) was a notary martyred under Maximianus in 303 or 308. His Feast day is celebrated on August 25. He is honoured as the patron saint of notaries and secretaries, and invoked against chilblains and scurf. He is also known as Genesius of Rome, patron saint of actors, comedians, and entertainers.
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Was the next elected, an expert at cheating with loaded dice, and excelled in "all manner of vice". He repeated Cowdiddle's requirement for thieves and beggars to spend their ill-gotten gains and not save them. Rid says he ruled for 8 years before dying of "the [French] pox and Neapolitan scurf". Like Cowdiddle, Dick seems to have been wholly fictional.
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There are other microbes that cause similar damage to potato crops to S. scabies. In the UK the most common are the powdery scab caused by the protist Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea and silver scurf and black dot caused by the fungi Helminthosporium solani and Colletotrichum coccodes respectively. Netted scab is thought to be caused by other species including S. reticuliscabiei.
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The shrub typically grows to a height of with a bushy, rounded or obconical habit. The ribbed and hoary branchlets are often covered in scale or scurf. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The coriaceous, silvery grey-green phyllodes have an oblanceolate to oblong or elliptical shape with a length of and a width of .
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Unlike most potato varieties developed at Cornell over the past few decades, it is susceptible to golden nematode (Ro1). It is also susceptible to common scab, silver scurf, late blight, pink rot, leafhoppers, common potato viruses, Colorado potato beetle, Fusarium, and seed piece decay.Cornell University 'Adirondack Blue' Potatoes Penn State's alumni association is marketing potato chips in the school colors using the 'Adirondack Blue'.
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Psoralea esculenta, common name prairie turnip or timpsula, is an herbaceous perennial plant native to prairies and dry woodlands of central North America, which bears a starchy tuberous root edible as a root vegetable. The plant is also known as Pediomelum esculentum. English names for the plant include tipsin, teepsenee, breadroot, breadroot scurf pea, large Indian breadroot and pomme blanche. The prairie turnip was a staple food of the Plains Indians.
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The guanine may produce shimmery, iridescent effects on the skin. It is claimed that because of the short intestine of the nightingale, the droppings have protein, a fat-degrading enzyme, and a whitening enzyme that acts on fat and scurf to whiten skin and even out blemishes. Numerous sources comment that "the amino acid guanine" gives uguisu no fun its cosmetic properties, though guanine is a nucleotide base, not an amino acid.
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Chub Sandhill Natural Area Preserve is a Natural Area Preserve located in Sussex County, Virginia. It contains a group of low sandhills and riparian wetlands along the Nottoway River. Much of the region's original vegetation has been lost, but the preserve supports such remnants as queen's delight, golden puccoon, and hoary scurf-pea. Sand post oak, rare in Virginia, may also be found in the woods, as may a number of native legumes.
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The disease cycle of silver scurf can be divided in two phases (field and storage). The primary source of inoculum is infected potato seed tubers. This inoculum is then transferred to the daughter tubers through an unknown mechanism, although indirect evidence suggests it happens when they come in direct contact or close proximity to daughter tubers. Conidia produced on the surface of seed tubers are dispersed by rain or irrigation to uninfected tubers.
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Early blight (Alternaria solani), stem canker (Rhizoctonia solani), powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea), and silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) will damage plants to a lesser degree. It has been noted that the varieties huakaroro, karupārera, and tūtaekurī show a small natural resistance to late blight. Powdery scab is more likely to affect huakaroro and urenika, while karupārera and moemoe appear highly resistant. The variety pawhero is particularly susceptible to Fusarium dry rot, which affects its ability to be stored.
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Pediomelum cuspidatum (also known as Psoralea cuspidata) is a perennial herb also known as the buffalo pea, largebract Indian breadroot and the tall-bread scurf-pea. It is found on the black soil prairies in Texas. It has an inflorescence on stems 18-40 centimeters long arising from a subterranean stem and deep carrot-shaped root that is 4–15 cm long. The long petioled leaves are palmately divided into 5 linear-elliptic leaflets that are 2-4 centimeters long.
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Psoralea pinnata has many common names. In Africa the plant is commonly known as the fountain bush or fonteinbos, it also is called penwortel, bloukeur and is known as umhlonishwa by the Zulu. In Australia, where P. pinnata is a weed, it is known as taylorina and in Western Australia it is also known as the blue broom or the Albany broom. In other parts of the world it is also called the African scurf pea, taylorina, blue psoralea and the Dally pine.
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Acremonium strictum is generally known as a mycoparasite, as shown in its antagonistic relationship with Helminthosporium solani. H. solani is a potato (Solanum tuberosum) associated fungus, that has caused extreme and widespread losses in all market classes of potatoes since emerging in the United States. Commonly referred to as silver scurf, H. solani causes blemishes that decreases the quality of the crop, making it unfit for marketing. In more severe cases, H. solani causes weight loss in potatoes and creates lesions in the periderm, creating entry points for other tuber pathogens.
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Scurf Dyke joins from the west and is followed by Struncheon Hill lock, which marks the end of the Navigation, and the official start of the navigable River Hull. Below here, the river is tidal. The tidal range of tides can be up to in winter and in summer. Just above the lock, the Beverley and Barmston Drain, which collects water from the catchwater drains on either side of the main channel, flows under the navigation in a tunnel, and runs just to the west of the river almost to its mouth.
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The tubers have few shallow eyes with light yellow flesh and the sprouts are a red-violet. Diseases resistances for this variety include, field immune to potato wart and it is highly resistant to PVA and PVY. Also, Vivaldi is moderately resistant to leaf roll, PVX, late blight on tuber, silver scurf, blackleg and black dot and is moderately susceptible to late blight on leaves, common scab, powdery scab, rhizoctonia and skin spot. It was the winner in the Fresh Produce category at the Q Food and Drink awards in 2006 and won gold at The Grocer Label Awards in 2011.
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Rhizoctonia solani causes a wide range of commercially significant plant diseases. It is one of the fungi responsible for Brown patch (a turfgrass disease), damping off in seedlings, as well as black scurf of potatoes, bare patch of cereals, root rot of sugar beet, belly rot of cucumber, sheath blight of rice, and many other pathogenic conditions. An efficient conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and/or tryptophol can be achieved by some species in the genus Rhizoctonia.Efficient Conversion of L-Tryptophan to Indole-3-Acetic Acid and/or Tryptophol by Some Species of Rhizoctonia.
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In harvest (mostly in summer), silver scurf symptoms are not too apparent. However, the symptoms develop and worsen due relatively humid and warm temperatures in storage, since these conditions are conducive to sporulation. Secondary inoculum is produced by conidia, which can spread in storage by wind of ventilation while the tubers are in storage. When a seed tuber from this storage is planted, this can then carry inoculum to the field. It was believed that overwintering soil-borne inoculum wasn’t important in the disease cycle, but recent studies suggest H.solani may survive in the soil for a short period of time, which can cause more infection.
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To administer the device, a physician glides the BlephEx hand piece along the lash line, applying the spinning surgical-grade micro sponge to the lid margin. The sponge is soaked in a lid scrub solution and removes inflammatory scurf, biofilm and bacterial exotoxins (the main causes of inflammatory lid disease), thereby relieving blepharitis symptoms and improving overall eyelid health. The treatment takes 8–10 minutes to perform, is well tolerated and it is reported that many patients experience nearly immediate relief. By repeating the procedure every 4 – 6 months (like a dental cleaning), a patient can keep the lid margins totally clean and inflammation free.
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The situation improved somewhat when Woolcock took in a boarder whose presence lessened the abuse she suffered but eventually the two men had a dispute and the boarder left. Not long after he left, the family dog died after being poisoned and Thomas suspected the boarder and reported him to the Police. Around this time Elizabeth was seeking medication, mainly morphine, for her ailments but the chemist refused to prescribe any and she resorted to sending her stepson to pharmacies with notes. She visited a chemist, claiming she needed morphine to "get ink stains out of a skirt" then claimed it was for scurf in her hair.
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BlephEx was invented in 2012 by James Rynerson, MD, a board-certified ophthalmologist, as the first patented, in-office procedure that allows eye care professionals to take an active role in removing years of accumulated biofilm, scurf and debris from the eyelids. Since the lid margin is the only place on the body that never gets washed, the bacterial biofilm tends to accumulate over the years, getting worse as we age. Contact lens wearers are also prone to developing biofilms of the lid margin at a much earlier age due to the foreign body nature of the contact lens. BlephEx purportedly removes years of accumulated biofilm, eliminating the source of inflammation which leads to healthier, more comfortable eyelids and an increase in natural tear production.
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