The spirit Furfur in The Goetia is depicted as a hart or winged hart.
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Image of Furfur from Collin de Plancy's Dictionnaire Infernal. In demonology, Furfur (other spelling: Furtur, Ferthur) is a powerful Great Earl of Hell, being the ruler of twenty-six legions of demons. He is a liar unless compelled to enter a magic triangle where he gives true answers to every question, speaking with a rough voice. Furfur causes love between a man and a woman, creates storms, tempests, thunder, lightning, and blasts, and teaches on secret and divine things.
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A genus of fungi called Malassezia bears his name. The species in the genus include: Malassezia furfur, Malassezia ovalis, Malassezia pachydermatis, Malassezia sympodialis and Malassezia orbiculare. Malassezia furfur is a lipophilic species that forms on human skin and can cause seborrheic dermatitis and tinea versicolor, Malassezia pachydermatis is a species that is associated with otitis externa in dogs.
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Topical application of antifungal medications such as azole antimycotics, ciclopirox olamine, piroctone-olamine, zinc pyrithione, or sulfur compounds are commonly prescribed to treat diseases caused by Malassezia furfur.
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In cases of tinea versicolor caused by the fungus Malassezia furfur, lightening of the skin occurs due to the fungus's production of azelaic acid, which has a slight bleaching effect.
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Fenticonazole is an imidazole antifungal drug, used locally as the nitrate in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. It is active against a range of organisms including dermatophyte pathogens, Malassezia furfur, and Candida albicans.
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'Furfur' or 'furfures' in Latin means "bran". However it seems more likely that the name is a corruption of 'furcifer', the Latin word for scoundrel.Oxford Latin Desk Dictionary, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006, 410.
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There may be a relationship with skin yeasts (Pityrosporum ovale, newly renamed Malassezia furfur). Seborrheic dermatitis is the adult version of cradle cap.Clinical nutrition: a functional approach. The Institute for Functional Medicine (IFM), Second edition (), p. 127.
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Atopic dermatitis occurs in individuals that have an abnormal immune reaction to allergens resulting in inflammation on the affected area of the skin. This disorder is associated with M. furfur, M. restricta, M. sympodialis and a number of other species.
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It is currently being investigated as an alternative treatment to ketoconazole for seborrhoeic dermatitis as it suppresses growth of the yeast Malassezia furfur. Initial results show similar efficacy to ketoconazole with a relative increase in subjective symptom relief due to its inherent anti-inflammatory properties.
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Azelaic acid is industrially produced by the ozonolysis of oleic acid. The side product is nonanoic acid. It is produced naturally by Malassezia furfur (also known as Pityrosporum ovale), a yeast that lives on normal skin. The bacterial degradation of nonanoic acid gives azelaic acid.
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Malassezia furfur is a unicellular organism which varies in size between 1.5–4.5 × 2.0–6.5 micrometers. The cells have a bottle-like shape due to a small protrusion visible at the end of each cell. Cells are difficult to grow in a lab since they require specific conditions.
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The video also features Alessandro Adriano Dos Santos, Ari Denaro, Beatrice Baumann, Cristina Sech, Eva Hel, Furfur, Josephine Paulenz, Lily Kumpe, Lisa Vandalism, Lyna R. Lynanuye, Mary De Weirdo, Natalie Petek, Seilor Cernunnos, Setty Mois, Thenia AF. and Zora van der Blast. It was recorded in the Insomnia nightclub in Berlin.
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He is depicted as a hart or winged hart, and also as an angel. > "Furfur" or "furfures" in Latin means "bran". However it seems more likely > that the name is a corruption of "Furcifer", the Latin word for "scoundrel". > Slightly less likely considering the context, but still possible, is that > the name originated from "fur", Latin for "thief".
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Cosmetic companies have developed shampoos specifically for those who have dandruff. These contain fungicides such as ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione and selenium disulfide, which reduce loose dander by killing fungi like Malassezia furfur. Coal tar and salicylate derivatives are often used as well. Alternatives to medicated shampoos are available for people who wish to avoid synthetic fungicides.
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2-Furoic acid is a heterocyclic carboxylic acid, consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring and a carboxylic acid group. Its name is derived from the Latin word furfur, meaning bran. The salts and esters of furoic acids are known as furoates. 2-Furoic acid is an organic compound most widely found in food products as a preservative and a flavoring agent.
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Dermatophytes produce an infection commonly known as ringworm or tinea. It can appear as "jock itch" in the groin or inner thighs (tinea cruris); on the scalp and hair (tinea capitis) resulting in brittle hair shafts that fall out easily. Tinea unguium affects the nails and athlete's foot (tinea pedis) affects the feet. Tinea versicolor refers to a fungal infection of the skin caused by Malassezia furfur.
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Yeasts are also present on the skin, such as Malassezia species, where they consume oils secreted from the sebaceous glands. Pityrosporum (Malassezia) ovale, which is lipid-dependent and found only on humans. P. ovale was later divided into two species, P. ovale and P. orbiculare, but current sources consider these terms to refer to a single species of fungus, with M. furfur the preferred name.
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Antifungal treatments including ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione and selenium disulfide have been found to be effective. Ketoconazole appears to have a longer duration of effect. Ketoconazole is a broad spectrum antimycotic agent that is active against Candida and M. furfur. Of all the antifungals of the imidazole class, ketoconazole has become the leading contender among treatment options because of its effectiveness in treating seborrheic dermatitis as well.
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M. furfur is lipophilic, requiring fatty acids like what is present in oily skin to proliferate. It has been shown that pityrosporum yeast grows by consuming fatty acids with carbon chain lengths C11 to C24. Pityrosporum is part of the normal skin flora, but overgrows in certain conditions. Overgrowth is associated with oily skin, humidity or other pre-existing dermatologic conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis and severe dandruff.
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Seborrheic dermatitis is a skin disorder where inflammation and desquamation occurs in areas of the body with a high density of sebaceous glands, particularly the face and trunk. The dandruff form does not result in inflammation and is restricted to the scalp. Although 'M. sympodialis has been reported as an agent of seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff, other species including M. furfur and M. globosa are more commonly associated with the disorder.
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Topically administered ketoconazole is usually prescribed for fungal infections of the skin and mucous membranes, such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (yeast infection or thrush), jock itch, and tinea versicolor. Topical ketoconazole is also used as a treatment for dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp) and for seborrheic dermatitis on other areas of the body, perhaps acting in these conditions by suppressing levels of the fungus Malassezia furfur on the skin.
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Infections with pathogenic M. furfur occur on the trunk or the limbs and present clinically as pigmented macules that can merge in the form of scaling plaques. Many of these lesions resolve spontaneously in most patients. The pathogen most frequently affects children compared to people of other age groups. It has been associated with numerous dermatological conditions, including seborrhoeic dermatitis, dandruff, pityriasis versicolor, and tinea circinata, all of which affect the skin.
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The name "furan" comes from the Latin furfur, which means bran. (Furfural is produced from bran.) The first furan derivative to be described was 2-furoic acid, by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1780. Another important derivative, furfural, was reported by Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner in 1831 and characterised nine years later by John Stenhouse. Furan itself was first prepared by Heinrich Limpricht in 1870, although he called it "tetraphenol" (as if it were a four-carbon analog to phenol, C6H6O).
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FICZ has been identified in the skin of persons with the disease vitiligo Vitiligo. and in extracts of skin originating from patients with the Malassezia-associated diseases Seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) or Pityriasis versicolor (PV). Malassezia yeasts are commensal microorganisms found on the skin on many animals including humans. When the yeast stain Malassezia furfur is cultured on agar containing Trp as the only nitrogen source it produces a variety of indole derivatives some of which activate AhR e.g. FICZ.
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Nanobody conjugates recognizing antigen presenting cells have been successfully used for tumor detection or targeted antigen delivery to generate strong immune response. Orally available single-domain antibodies against E. coli-induced diarrhoea in piglets have been developed and successfully tested. Other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer, are also possible targets for orally available single-domain antibodies. Detergent-stable species targeting a surface protein of Malassezia furfur have been engineered for use in anti- dandruff shampoos.
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Tinea versicolor is a condition characterized by pinhead to coin sized eruptions on the body trunk and proximal extremities, often affecting the breast cleavage as a narrow band of lesions.James Nevins Hyde, A Practical treatise on diseases of the skin, pages 625-626, Lea Bros. & Company, 1888 The majority of tinea versicolor is caused by the fungus Malassezia globosa, although Malassezia furfur is responsible for a small number of cases. Topical antifungal medications containing selenium sulfide are often recommended to treat tinea versicolor.
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Tinea versicolor is a condition characterized by a skin eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities. The majority of tinea versicolor is caused by the fungus Malassezia globosa, although Malassezia furfur is responsible for a small number of cases. These yeasts are normally found on the human skin and become troublesome only under certain circumstances, such as a warm and humid environment, although the exact conditions that cause initiation of the disease process are poorly understood. The condition pityriasis versicolor was first identified in 1846.
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Malassezia furfur (formerly known as Pityrosporum ovale in its hyphal form) is a species of fungus that is naturally found on the skin surfaces of humans and some other mammals. It is associated with a variety of dermatological conditions caused by fungal infections, notably seborrhoeic dermatitis and tinea versicolor. As an opportunistic pathogen, it has further been associated with dandruff, pityriasis versicolor, and tinea circinata, as well as catheter-related fungemia and pneumonia in patients receiving hematopoietic transplants. The fungus can also affect other animals, including dogs.
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The cause of seborrhoeic dermatitis has not been fully clarified. The condition is thought to be due to a local inflammatory response to colonization by Malassezia fungi species in sebum-producing skin areas including the scalp, face, chest, back, underarms, and groin. This is based on observations of high counts of Malassezia species in skin affected by seborrhoeic dermatitis and on the effectiveness of antifungals in treating the condition. Such species of Malassezia include M. furfur (formerly P. ovale), M. globosa, M. restricta, M. sympodialis, and M. slooffiae.
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According to a 2016 study, bacteria (mainly Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus) are more important to dandruff formation than fungi. Bacterial presence was in turn influenced by water and sebum amount. Older literature cites the fungus Malassezia furfur (previously known as Pityrosporum ovale) as the cause of dandruff. While this species does occur naturally on the skin surface of people both with and without dandruff, in 2007 it was discovered that the responsible agent is a scalp specific fungus, Malassezia globosa, that metabolizes triglycerides present in sebum by the expression of lipase, resulting in a lipid byproduct oleic acid.
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Pityrosporum folliculitis is a skin condition caused by infection by Pityrosporum yeast. The skin of the upper trunk area including the back, chest, arms and sometimes the neck is often affected and this condition is often seen in young to middle aged adults, although it has been known to occur in adults well into their sixties, and can also be found on the lower extremities as well. Its diagnosis is based on the pruritic (itchy) papulopustules found in a follicular pattern in these regions. Pustules are caused by an overgrowth of the yeast, Malassezia furfur, which plugs the follicles.
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Malassezia furfur is a fungus that lives on the superficial layers of the dermis. It generally exists as a commensal organism forming a natural part of the human skin microbiota, but it can gain pathogenic capabilities when morphing from a yeast to a hyphal form during its life cycle, through unknown molecular changes. This can lead to its uncontrolled proliferation and a subsequent imbalance of the residential skin flora. Some virulence factors or properties which may increase the fungus' ability to acquire an infectious nature include the formation of biofilms, increased adherence to surfaces, and hydrophobicity.
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Tinea versicolor (also known as dermatomycosis furfuracea, pityriasis versicolor, and tinea flava) is a condition characterized by a skin eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities, hypopigmentation macule in area of sun induced pigmentation. During the winter the pigment becomes reddish brown. Recent research has shown that the majority of tinea versicolor is caused by the Malassezia globosa fungus, although Malassezia furfur is responsible for a small number of cases. These yeasts are normally found on the human skin and only become troublesome under certain circumstances, such as a warm and humid environment, although the exact conditions that cause initiation of the disease process are poorly understood.
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At the same time, the band announced, that "good old Glintshake is coming to an end, but new and evil one is starting off". In an interview with the website FURFUR, Yevgeni Gorbunov said that the band had decided to withdraw from 90s alternative rock influence, stop singing in English, and make a full turn in work: "…We've got a whole bunch of our own stuff: Zvuki Mu, russian avant-garde." In October, Glintshake released a single from their upcoming album, the song "Без пятнадцати пять" (Bez pyatnadtsati pyat', A quarter to five) along with a music video. In November, they released "Тени" (Teni, Shadows).
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Malassezia pachydermatis is a zoophilic yeast in the division Basidiomycota. It was first isolated in 1925 by Fred Weidman, and has been named pachydermatis Greek for "thick-skin" after the original sample taken from an Indian rhinoceros (Rhinocerosus unicornis) with severe exfoliative dermatitis. Within the genus Malassezia, M. pachydermatis is most closely related to the species M. furfur. A commensal fungus, it can be found within the microflora of healthy mammals such as humans, cats and dogs, However, it is capable of acting as an opportunistic pathogen under special circumstances and has been seen to cause skin and ear infections, most often occurring in canines.
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