"I'm not attracted to archaic devices like proroguing," he said.
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Proroguing Parliament is the legal and necessary way of delivering this.
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The optics of the proroguing of Parliament could hardly have been worse.
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Proroguing Parliament is a fairly typical practice, especially when a new government comes in.
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Payne: Suspending Parliament, or proroguing, to use the technical term, happens all the time.
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The prime minister has refused to rule out suspending — or proroguing — Parliament to do so.
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Johnson has not ruled out suspending, or "proroguing", parliament to prevent it blocking a disorderly Brexit.
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Parliamentary speaker John Bercow said proroguing parliament would never happen and other candidates have criticised his stance.
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"The idea of proroguing parliament is utterly and totally unacceptable from any British parliamentarian or democrat," Major said.
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Proroguing is the formal way to end one parliamentary session before starting the business of a new one.
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Parliament Speaker John Bercow said proroguing parliament would never happen and other candidates have criticised Raab's stance as undemocratic.
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This week's ruling by the Scottish courts against proroguing Parliament lends independent support to his view of the matter.
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Parliament Speaker John Bercow said proroguing parliament would never happen and other candidates have criticized Raab's stance as undemocratic.
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The government had said it was suspending, or "proroguing," Parliament to prepare for the start of a new legislative session.
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The process, known as proroguing, usually passes without much notice, except for the pompous rituals and antiquarian costumes that accompany it.
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The Supreme Court's decision to overrule Mr Johnson's proroguing of Parliament could be the beginning of a new period of judicial activism.
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Proroguing Parliament so as to crash the UK out without a deal would be catastrophic for our NHS, jobs, and our environment.
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Proroguing Parliament is a totally normal thing that happens, but in recent decades, it has usually lasted just a week or two.
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Critics said Johnson was trying to prevent parliamentary debate on Brexit and the Supreme Court judged that the proroguing was indeed unlawful.
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"The claim that the government is considering proroguing parliament in September in order to stop MPs debating Brexit is entirely false," a government spokesman said.
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Proroguing (suspending) parliament until October 14 will leave barely three days for a parliamentary Brexit debate before the all-important European Summit on October 17.
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He caused a stir when he refused to rule out proroguing, or suspending, parliament until the Brexit deadline to prevent lawmakers blocking a no-deal Brexit.
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He caused a stir when he refused to rule out proroguing, or suspending, parliament until the Brexit deadline to prevent lawmakers from stopping a no-deal Brexit.
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Earlier this month, a sizeable majority of 41 MPs voted to effectively prevent Johnson from suspending — or proroguing — Parliament in order to through a no-deal exit.
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He has refused to rule out suspending, or proroguing, parliament to prevent lawmakers from passing legislation to block his exit plan if he tries to exit without a deal.
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Johnson has not ruled out "proroguing" parliament, effectively closing it down until Britain's EU exit date has passed at the end of October to prevent lawmakers trying to intervene.
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Boris Johnson pre-empted that decision by proroguing Parliament for five weeks, far beyond what is typical, all the while maintaining the pretence that this was normal constitutional conduct.
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This idea of proroguing Parliament to push through Brexit has been floating around for some time — a few candidates during the Conservative leadership contest last month outwardly embraced the strategy.
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Hammond has said he will oppose this, and said he believed lawmakers had the powers to stop a prime minister's suspending or "proroguing" Parliament to force a no-deal Brexit through.
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One Conservative hopeful to replace Prime Minister Theresa May, Dominic Raab, has not ruled out proroguing, or suspending, parliament if lawmakers try to stop Britain leaving the European Union without a deal.
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If proroguing Parliament, as many suggest, results in the UK's long drawn out and fraught divorce from the EU concluding without agreement, it will have substantial implications for the country's fintech ecosystem.
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These range from suspending Commons standing orders, to winning a "paving motion" showing there was a majority for the deal in principle, to proroguing the current parliamentary session and starting a new one.
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Johnson, the favorite to win a Conservative leadership election and so become the next prime minister, has refused to rule out suspending, or proroguing, parliament to ensure Britain leaves the European Union on Oct.
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A group of parliamentarians and lawyers are appealing to a Scottish court to seek a guarantee that proroguing Parliament for the purpose of forcing through a no-deal Brexit would be against the law.
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Johnson, the favourite to win a Conservative leadership election and so become the next prime minister, has refused to rule out suspending, or proroguing, parliament to ensure Britain leaves the European Union on Oct.
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If passed, the Bill would effectively block Johnson proroguing Parliament, by obliging MPs to sit for a number of days in October for debates on the government's progress towards restoring a government in Northern Ireland.
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Proroguing parliament, which usually happens once a year so the government can outline a new legislative programme, is a "prerogative power" - it is a decision for the prime minister, which is given effect by the Queen.
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The second was from Gina Miller, the activist who took an appeal to the Supreme Court after the English High Court ruled that Johnson's proroguing of Parliament was entirely political and not a matter for judges.
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Proroguing parliament, which usually happens once a year so the government can outline a new legislative program, is a "prerogative power" - it is a decision for the prime minister, which is given effect by the Queen.
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Most MPs in parliament are opposed to a no-deal Brexit, and Downing Street aides have suggested the prime minister could get around this by shutting down — which is known as proroguing — parliament before the October deadline.
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"The idea of proroguing parliament is utterly and totally unacceptable from any British parliamentarian or democrat," said Major, who is backing Johnson's rival Jeremy Hunt for the leadership but said he was speaking in a personal capacity.
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Quote-tweeting a video of Johnson talking about the Definitely Real And Not Brexit-Related reasons for the proroguing, he unleashed the Englishman's twin rhetorical weapons of well-placed swears and absurd, insulting comparisons to everyday objects.
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An email from senior government advisers to an adviser in Johnson's office written in the last ten days says the prime minister recently requested guidance on the legality of such a move, known as proroguing, the newspaper said.
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Johnson, who replaced May after she failed three times to get her Brexit deal through parliament, has refused to rule out proroguing the House of Commons and Brexit supporters have vociferously encouraged him to do so if necessary.
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Defenders of the proroguing argue that Parliament was set to break up for the UK's annual party conference (convention) season anyway, and Boris' decision to close down Parliament only adds four to six extra days to that traditional break.
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The leading contender to succeed May, former foreign secretary Boris Johnson, has ruled out proroguing or suspending parliament, and environment minister Michael Gove has said he is open to a further delay if agreement could not be reached with Brussels.
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At a hustings with some of the Conservative Party members who will ultimately elect the replacement for May, Johnson again said he could not rule out proroguing, or suspending, parliament until the Brexit deadline to prevent lawmakers blocking a no-deal divorce.
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While some strategists at major banks have upped the probability of a no-deal Brexit in light of the "proroguing" of parliament, others are maintaining a "wait and see" approach, especially in light of Johnson's vow to ramp up negotiations with Brussels.
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And on top of all that, there's the fact that Johnson previously claimed he'd rather wind up "dead in a ditch" than delay Brexit -- before proroguing (suspending) Parliament at the height of the Brexit crisis in the autumn and... eventually being forced to delay Brexit.
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Meanwhile, in the United Kingdom, the Supreme Court ruled that proroguing Parliament was illegal, which meant that all the MPs returned to work in time to see Prime Minister Boris Johnson dismiss concerns that his rhetoric was putting people at risk, despite death threats that directly quote Johnson.
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However, Johnson, who replaced Theresa May on July 24 after she failed three times to get her withdrawal agreement through parliament, has refused to rule out proroguing the House of Commons and Brexit supporters have vociferously encouraged him to do so if necessary to ensure an exit on Oct. 31.
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However, leaving the EU without a deal is opposed by a majority of MPs, due to the disruption it is predicted to cause the British economy, Johnson's plan to leave in October, come what may, suffered a major defeat after parliament approved by 315 votes to 274 an amendment designed to prevent Johnson proroguing parliament in October.
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His efforts failed in the past week, however, after members of Parliament succeeded first in passing legislation to prevent a no-deal British exit from the European Union and then in rejecting his call for a general election before the UK's October 31 scheduled exit date from the EU.There were shouts of "shame on you" from the opposition benches as Conservative MPs left the chamber to take part in the "proroguing" ceremony in the neighboring House of Lords to coincide with the closing of Parliament.
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At first, William wished to dispense with the coronation entirely, feeling that his wearing the crown while proroguing Parliament answered any need.Allen, pp. 124, 130; Ziegler, pp. 189, 192.
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Certain amendments in respect of articles dealing with the convening and proroguing of the sessions of Parliament were also incorporated in the Act. So also a few minor amendments in respect of articles 341, 342, 372, and 376.
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Prorogation in politics is the action of proroguing, or ending, an assembly, especially a parliament, or the discontinuance of meetings for a given period of time, without a dissolution of parliament. The term is also used for the period of such a discontinuance between two legislative sessions of a legislative body.
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The King was prevented from either convening or proroguing the Cortes. Members of the Cortes were to serve single two-year terms. They could not serve consecutive terms; a member could serve a second term only by allowing someone else to serve a single intervening term in office. This attempt at the development of a modern constitutional government lasted from 1808 until 1814.
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The largest per capita turnout was found in Victoria, where 1,500 people rallied under sunny skies. Protesters in many ridings with Conservative Members of Parliament urged the Party's members back to work. In Regina, three supporters of Harper counter-protested, and were booed by the main crowd. Protesters determined that Stephen Harper was using voter apathy to his advantage while proroguing parliament.
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By February, the opposition lords were considering accusing the Duke of York of high treason, which resulted in the king proroguing parliament on 24 February to protect his brother. Shaftesbury's actions in the 1674 session further angered Charles II, so on 19 May 1674, Shaftesbury was expelled from the privy council, and subsequently sacked as Lord Lieutenant of Dorset and ordered to leave London.
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The actual coordination of the rallies was organized by a secondary Facebook group, called "Canadians Against Proroguing Parliament-Rally for the Cause!", which was founded by Shilo Davis, who acted as the National Rally Coordinator in collaboration with Chris White and his group.">"> By 9 January, eleven days after the prorogation, it had gained 113,000 members. The group gained public support from Michael Ignatieff.
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However she withdrew her opposition to no-deal Brexit to retain her cabinet position in Prime Minister Boris Johnson's cabinet in July of that year. In June, Rudd described the prorogation of parliament in order to deliver Brexit as a 'ridiculous suggestion', and that it was 'outrageous to consider proroguing Parliament. We're not Stuart kings'. On 7 September 2019 Rudd resigned from the cabinet and surrendered the Conservative whip (became an independent MP).
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The monarch's duties are performed by the Governor-General. The Governor-General represents the monarch on ceremonial occasions such as the opening of parliament, the presentation of honours and military parades. Under the constitution, he or she is given authority to act in some matters, for example in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service, and in proroguing parliament. As in the other Commonwealth realms, the monarch's role is almost entirely symbolic and cultural.
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In 1838, he granted a writ of habeas corpus to the solicitor for Edward Kielley, who was being held for an alleged breach of the House of Assembly's parliamentary privilege. Lilly declared the warrant, that had been issued by William Carson, void and set Kielley free. Lilly himself was subsequently arrested by the sergeant-at- arms of the assembly. After two days, he was released following the proroguing of the assembly by Governor Sir Henry Prescott.
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As a constitutional monarch, The Queen acts entirely on the advice of her government ministers in Tuvalu. Most of the Queen's domestic duties are performed by the governor-general. The governor-general represents the Queen on ceremonial occasions such as the opening of parliament, the presentation of honours and military parades. Under the constitution, the governor-general is given authority to act in some matters, for example in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service, in proroguing Parliament.
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The members of the House of Commons, no less angry than the Lords, came into the chamber at the behest of Black Rod. The King then announced "My lords and gentlemen, I have come to meet you for the purpose of proroguing this Parliament". Wharncliffe's motion was actually under discussion in the House of Lords when the King arrived to prorogue Parliament. Probably, both houses would have joined advancing Wharncliffe's motion had time been allowed them, and thus placed obstacles in the way.
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The claim was referred to Peter King, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and John Bettesworth, Dean of the Arches, as arbitrators, with the Bishop of Lichfield as moderator. The arbitrators awarded Wake £2800. Tenison was a supporter of Benjamin Hoadly in the Bangorian controversy. In February 1718 he clashed with George Stanhope in the lower house of Convocation; Stanhope was prolocutor of the house, and interrupted Tenison who was about to read a speech in favour of Hoadly by reading the formula proroguing the sitting.
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The failure of the Widemann cabinet to fulfill the expectations of the legislature (one of them being the removal of Wilson) led to their removal in September becoming the first of four cabinets to be ousted during the session. Marshal Wilson was not removed by any of the subsequent cabinets. Following the proroguing of the legislature and the unsuccessful attempts of the queen to promulgate a new constitution, the monarchy was overthrow on January 17, 1893. After a brief transition under the Provisional Government, the oligarchical Republic of Hawaii was established on July 4, 1894.
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Within months of taking office, the Alliance began a process of fragmentation that by 1986 left the government without a working majority in parliament. When in February 1984, the MLP (Mauritius Labour Party) left the government, 11 of its MPs continued to support the government and formed a faction within the MLP called the Rassemblement des Travaillistes Mauriciens (RTM). Upon proroguing parliament in November 1986, Jugnauth agreed that an election was necessary. Parliament was dissolved on 3 July, and the election date set for 30 August 1987, one year ahead of schedule. Campaigning started on 22 July 1987.
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Such alliance was formalized in March under the Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists label, with the agreement providing for Sobiranistes to field candidates within ERC's list for Barcelona. The alliance was maintained for the November 2019 general election. Alamany also registered the Nova–New Future () political party on 11 March, reaching an agreement with ERC to support Ernest Maragall's run to the mayorship of Barcelona in the 2019 municipal election. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Sobiranistes broke ERC's group discipline in several occasions by abstaining—rather than opposing—in the votings for the proroguing of the state of alarm.
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Governments today end sessions whenever it is most convenient, but a “good faith exercise of the power” to prorogue parliament does not include preventing it from frustrating the prime minister's agenda.Sam Fowles, Proroguing parliament: what does it mean and can it be used to push through Brexit?, The Week, 5 luglio 2019. When the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy conquered the power to decide on its recalling, the MP Modigliani spoke of a coup d'état, in the event that the right to prorogue or close the session was exercised immediately after Parliament had recalled itself.
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Second Edition (Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 458-61. However, the Act was still in effect in 1661, when John Bunyan was tried and convicted for disobedience to it.. Towards the end of 1680, during the Exclusion Crisis, Parliament passed a Bill for repealing the Act. However, on the day of the proroguing of Parliament (10 January 1681), when the Bill ought to have been presented to Charles II to sign, he instructed the Clerk of the Crown to withdraw the Bill.Osmund Airy (ed.), Burnet's History of My Own Time: Volume II (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1900), pp. 278-9.
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Howe's response as adopted by the assembly led to Martin proroguing the colonial legislative body. In 1775, when Howe received news of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War, he began to drill the local militia, using the unusual combination of drums and fiddles as opposed to the standard fifes and drums. On July 15, 1775, Howe led 500 militiamen from Brunswick Town on a raid on the governor's mansion with the intent of kidnapping Governor Martin. The plot failed when Martin made an early-morning escape from Fort Johnston, fleeing to on July 19.
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At present (August 2007) County Donegal sends six T.D.'s to Dáil Éireann. The county is divided into two constituencies: Donegal North- East and Donegal South-West, each with three T.D.'s. County Cavan and County Monaghan form the one constituency called Cavan-Monaghan, which sends five T.D.'s to the Dáil (one of whom is a Protestant). The historic Flag of Ulster served as the basis for the Ulster Banner (often referred to as the Flag of Northern Ireland), which was the flag of the Government of Northern Ireland until the proroguing of the Stormont parliament in 1973.
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Before resigning, Rutherford's government had called a Royal Commission into the Alberta and Great Waterways affair, and this commission had not reported by the time that Sifton took office. Between that and the proroguing of the legislature, the new Premier enjoyed a calm that lasted until November 10, when the legislature reconvened. Conservative leader Edward Michener attacked the government's speech from the throne for failing to commit itself on railway policy and attacked Sifton for failing to call a general election or seek the confidence of the legislature during his first half year in office. In the meantime, Sifton was facing a breach in his own party on the railway question.
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Parliament has effectively dispersed the powers of the Crown, entrusting its authority to responsible ministers (the prime minister and Cabinet), accountable for their policies and actions to Parliament, in particular the elected House of Commons. Although many of the sovereign's prerogative powers are still legally intact,The Sovereign's prerogative powers are sometimes called reserve powers. They include the sole authority to dismiss a prime minister and government of the day in extremely rare and exceptional circumstances, and other essential powers (such as withholding Royal Assent, and summoning and proroguing Parliament) to preserve the stability of the nation. These reserve powers can be exercised without the consent of Parliament.
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Following the proroguing of the legislature and the unsuccessful attempts of the queen to promulgate a new constitution, the monarchy was overthrown on January 17, 1893. After a brief transition under the Provisional Government, the oligarchical Republic of Hawaii was established on July 4, 1894. During this period, the de facto government, which was composed largely of residents of American and European ancestry, sought to annex the islands to the United States against the wish of the Native Hawaiians who wanted to remain an independent nation and for the monarchy to continue.; Pua and his son Sam protested against the new de facto government.
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As Charles I was at war with France and Spain, he signed the Petition of Right, but then responded by shutting down or proroguing Parliament and taxing trade (or "ship money") without authority. The country descended into the English Civil War in 1642 culminating in the capture and execution of King Charles I on Whitehall in 1649 by the New Model Army led by Oliver Cromwell.Debates on the proper nature of liberty were held at the Putney debates, October to November 1647, summarised in ASP Woodhouse, Puritanism and Liberty (1938) 52. By contrast, a bitter opponent of the civil war was T Hobbes, Leviathan (1651) Cromwell, not wishing to become a King, became a de facto dictator.
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Most of the Queen's domestic duties are performed by the Governor General. The Governor-General represents the Queen on ceremonial occasions such as the opening of Parliament, the presentation of honours and military parades. Under the Constitution, he is given authority to act in some matters, for example in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service, in proroguing Parliament. As in the other Commonwealth realms, however, the Monarch's role, and thereby the vice-regent's role, is almost entirely symbolic and cultural, acting as a symbol of the legal authority under which all governments operate, and the powers that are constitutionally hers are exercised almost wholly upon the advice of the Cabinet, made up of Ministers of the Crown.
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Most of the Queen's domestic duties are performed by the Governor General. The Governor-General represents the Queen on ceremonial occasions such as the opening of Parliament, the presentation of honours and military parades. Under the Constitution, he is given authority to act in some matters, for example in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service, in proroguing Parliament. As in the other Commonwealth realms, however, the Monarch's role, and thereby the vice-regent's role, is almost entirely symbolic and cultural, acting as a symbol of the legal authority under which all governments operate, and the powers that are constitutionally hers are exercised almost wholly upon the advice of the Cabinet, made up of Ministers of the Crown.
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Most of the Queen's domestic duties are performed by the Governor General. The Governor-General represents the Queen on ceremonial occasions such as the opening of Parliament, the presentation of honours and military parades. Under the Constitution, he is given authority to act in some matters, for example in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service, in proroguing Parliament. As in the other Commonwealth realms, however, the Monarch's role, and thereby the vice-regent's role, is almost entirely symbolic and cultural, acting as a symbol of the legal authority under which all governments operate, and the powers that are constitutionally hers are exercised almost wholly upon the advice of the Cabinet, made up of Ministers of the Crown.
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The sovereign, along with the Senate and the House of Representatives, being one of the three components of parliament, is called the Queen-in-Parliament. The authority of the Crown therein is embodied in the mace (House of Representatives) and Black Rod (Senate), which both bear a crown at their apex. The monarch and viceroy do not, however, participate in the legislative process save for the granting of Royal Assent by the Governor- General. Further, the constitution outlines that the Governor-General alone is responsible for summoning, proroguing, and dissolving parliament,Australian Constitution section 5 after which the writs for a general election are usually dropped by the Prime Minister at Government House.
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Proroguing on a Tuesday meant that Johnson would miss Prime Minister's Questions for the third successive Wednesday; at that point his only scheduled question time since becoming prime minister was on 4 September, although Johnson had faced over eight hours of questions in response to ad hoc ministerial statements. The second prorogation ceremony took place on the evening of 8 October, and was attended by 30 MPs who followed Black Rod Sarah Clarke from the Commons to the Lords. The ceremony passed without the protests that had marked the previous attempt at prorogation with opposition leaders in the House of Lords also participating in the proceedings. On this occasion, though Lord Judge was substituted for Lord Hope of Craighead.
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Following the resignation of Theresa May as Leader of the Conservative Party, pro-Remain and moderate pro-Leave MPs were concerned that the frontrunner to replace her, Boris Johnson may consider proroguing parliament in order to force a no-deal Brexit. As this legislation was in the House during this time, Dominic Grieve and others saw it as having potential to act as a vehicle through which they could limit the right of the executive, Queen Elizabeth II, to order prorogation. The effect of Brexit on the Irish border and the slow progress of talks to restore the Northern Ireland executive both served as reasons for amending the bill to provide for reports to parliament.
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Tom Flanagan, Harper's University of Calgary mentor and former chief of staff, also questioned Harper's reasoning for prorogation, stating that "I think the government's talking points haven't been entirely credible" and that the government's explanation of proroguing was "skirting the real issue—which is the harm the opposition parties are trying to do to the Canadian Forces" regarding the Canadian Afghan detainee issue. Small demonstrations took place on January 23 in 64 Canadian cities and towns and five cities in other countries. A Facebook protest group attracted over 20,000 members. A poll released by Angus Reid on January 7, found that 53% of respondents were opposed to the prorogation, while 19% supported it.
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Major was a vocal supporter for the Remain camp in the 2016 referendum on Britain's membership of the European Union. John Major supported a second referendum over Brexit, stating that the leave campaign put out a "fantasy case" during the referendum campaign, adding that to describe a second vote as undemocratic was "a rather curious proposition" and that he could see no "intellectual argument" against redoing the ballot. Major feared Brexit will make the UK poorer and could endanger the peace settlement in Northern Ireland. On 30 August 2019, it was announced that Major intended to join a court case by Gina Miller against the proroguing of Parliament by the Prime Minister, Boris Johnson.
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The Governor-in-Council of both Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are also specifically tasked to appoint in the Queen's name the judges of the courts of probate. The advice given by the cabinet is, in order to ensure the stability of government, typically binding; the viceroy, however, may in exceptional circumstances invoke the reserve powers, which remain the Crown's final check against a ministry's abuse of power. Albert Edward Matthews, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, whom Mitchell Hepburn avoided completely throughout the latter's service as premier The lieutenant-governor alone is also constitutionally mandated to summon the legislature. Beyond that, the viceroy carries out the other conventional parliamentary duties in the sovereign's stead, including reading the Speech From the Throne and proroguing and dissolving parliament.
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Most of the Queen's domestic duties are performed by the Governor-General. The Governor- General represents the Queen on ceremonial occasions such as the opening of Parliament, the presentation of honours and military parades. Under the Constitution, he or she is given authority to act in some matters, for example in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service, in proroguing Parliament. As in the other Commonwealth realms, however, the Monarch's role, and thereby the vice-regent's role, is almost entirely symbolic and cultural, acting as a symbol of the legal authority under which all governments operate, and the powers that are constitutionally hers are exercised almost wholly upon the advice of the Cabinet, made up of Ministers of the Crown.
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The parliament of Papua New Guinea Most of the Queen's domestic duties are performed by the governor-general. The governor-general represents the Queen on ceremonial occasions such as the opening of parliament, the presentation of honours, and military parades. Under the constitution, he or she is given authority to act in some matters, for example in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service and proroguing parliament. As in the other Commonwealth realms, however, the monarch's role, and thereby the viceroy's role, is almost entirely symbolic and cultural, acting as a symbol of the legal authority under which all governments operate and the powers that are constitutionally the Crown's are exercised almost wholly upon the advice of the Cabinet, made up of Ministers of the Crown.
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The Governor-General of Jamaica represents the Queen of Jamaica, Elizabeth II. The monarch, on the advice of the prime minister, appoints a Governor-General as his or her representative in Jamaica. Both the monarch and the Governor- General hold much power, but rarely exercise it, usually only in emergencies and, in some cases, war. The Governor-General represents the monarch on ceremonial occasions such as the state opening of Parliament, the presentation of honours, and military parades. Under the Constitution, they are given authority to act in some matters, for example in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service, proroguing Parliament, and so on, but only in a few cases do they have the power to act entirely at their own discretion.
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Protests were held in over 60 cities and towns in Canada, and internationally in New York City, San Francisco, Dallas, London, Oman, Brussels, Amsterdam, The Hague and Costa Rica. The protests and rallies attracted approximately 21,000 participants, including many who had joined a group on Facebook, known as the "Canadians Against Proroguing Parliament" (CAPP). At the 23 January rallies in Ottawa and Toronto, Liberal Party leader Michael Ignatieff, New Democratic Party (NDP) leader Jack Layton, Green Party leader Elizabeth May, and Member of Parliament Bob Rae spoke against the prorogation, while at the rally in Montreal, Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe spoke alongside future NDP leader, Thomas Mulcair, and Liberal MP Marc Garneau. Future Liberal Leader, Justin Trudeau, was also in attendance at the Montreal Rally.
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Joe Comartin, NDP MP for Windsor-Tecumseh, suggested that such decisions should be made by the Chief Justice of Canada after a hearing in open court. Andrew Dreschel of The Hamilton Spectator stated proroguing parliament was the right move, imposing a "cooling-off period on the sweaty rhetoric and dank distortions that have been steaming up the political spectrum". Conservative MP Bruce Stanton said the suspension of parliament until late January "was perhaps the last tool in our basket to be able to allow parliamentarians to take a step back". Before Russell revealed the conditions Jean placed on her acceptance of Harper's advice, there was some concern that Jean's decision may have set a precedent for a prime minister to seek prorogation or dissolution when confronting a potential vote of non-confidence.
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The ACT is unique among Australian states and self-governing territories, as it has no vice-regal post exercising authority as the representative of the monarch, such as a governor or an Administrator. The functions vested in a state Governor or territorial Administrator as nominal head of the Executivecommissioning government, proroguing parliament and enacting legislationare exercised by the Assembly itself and by the Chief Minister. Instead of vice-regal or regal assent, a Bill passed by the ACT Legislative Assembly is enacted on "notification"publication in the Government Gazette of a notice authorised by the Chief Minister. However, the Governor-General of Australia does have the power to dissolve the Assembly if it is "incapable of effectively performing its functions or is conducting its affairs in a grossly improper manner".
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267x267pxThe reports to parliament provided for by the Act were introduced as part of an amendment by Dominic Grieve. The aim of the amendment was to make it functionally impossible to prorogue parliament, but as a royal prerogative power, it is constitutionally difficult to do so de jure. By requiring reports to be made to parliament, and requiring time to debate them within five calendar days, it prevented the monarch from proroguing parliament as parliament needs to be sitting to debate. However, the principle of parliamentary sovereignty in this regard is yet to be tested in British or Commonwealth courts, and it is unclear as to whether this could be fulfilled by written report, therefore not requiring parliament to be sitting in order for MPs to receive the reports.
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However, this process was bypassed when Cromwell was officially appointed; Prime Minister Harper had expressed concern that waiting for the committee to meet would hobble the court in executing "its vital constitutional mandate effectively." However, Parliament wound up meeting only very seldom after Cromwell's initial nomination, mainly because of a federal election called by Harper for October 14, and then the subsequent proroguing of Parliament on December 4, until its scheduled resumption on January 26, 2009. While on the Supreme Court, Cromwell joined the rest of the court in a unanimous decision in Tsilhqot'in Nation v British Columbia to recognize the existence of Aboriginal title for the Tsilhqot'in. The decision that drew in large part from his previously rejected Nova Scotia Court of Appeal ruling in R v Marshall; R v Bernard, vindicating his earlier judgement.
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The election returned a minority government and the emboldened opposition demanded that Bentley's ministry release all documents related to the decision. Bentley delayed prior to releasing 36,000 pages in September and insisted that all documents had been released. After it became known that there were an additional 20,000 documents Bentley was cited by a rare contempt motion by a legislative committee and was facing a contempt motion of the legislature when McGuinty unexpectedly ended the legislative session by proroguing the legislature on October 15. Previously, Bentley had widely been seen as Premier Dalton McGuinty's heir apparent but on October 25, 2012, ten days after McGuinty announced his resignation, Bentley announced that he would not be a candidate in the Liberal Party leadership convention being held to choose McGuinty's successor and that he too would be leaving politics.
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The bishops being now established, his King James' next object was to procure something like an acknowledgment of them by the Church, to effect which it was necessary to destroy every vestige of freedom in the constitution of her Assemblies. The first attempt of this kind had been made in 1599, when the king dismissed the Assembly, and summoned another to meet at Montrose in 1600, solely by virtue of his royal prerogative. This was entirely contrary to the establishment ratified by parliament in 1592, according to which the time and place of meeting were to be nominated by the preceding Assembly, with his majesty's consent.' Under various pretexts James had infringed this rule, proroguing and altering the time of Assemblies at pleasure; and at last the Assembly which should have met at Aberdeen in July, 1605, was prorogued indefinitely.
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The advice given by the Cabinet is, in order to ensure the stability of government, typically binding; both the queen and her viceroy, however, may in exceptional circumstances invoke the reserve powers, which remain the Crown's final check against a ministry's abuse of power, this was last fully exercised in 1932, when Sir Philip Game revoked the commission of Premier Jack Lang. The governor alone is constitutionally mandated to summon parliament. Beyond that, the viceroy carries out the other conventional parliamentary duties in the sovereign's absence, including reading the Speech from the throne and the proroguing and dissolving of parliament. The governor grants Royal Assent in the queen's name; legally, he or she has three options: grant Royal Assent (making the bill law), withhold Royal Assent (vetoing the bill), or reserve the bill for the queen's pleasure (allowing the sovereign to personally grant or withhold assent).
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In Catherine's possession from early in 1528, she showed it to Campeggio in October, and he took it to invalidate his commission, since the latter failed to cover the document. He tried to make the case disappear on 23 July 1529 by proroguing it until October, but this was forestalled by the Pope sending the matter to Rome a week earlier. On his way back to Rome, Campeggio met Charles and Clement in Bologna, where the pope gave Campeggio the castle of Dozza and the Emperor took Campeggio's family under his patronage. Charles later (2 September 1530) gave Campeggio the Spanish bishopric of Huesca and Jaca, which he held until 17 June 1534 when he became bishop of Candia (Crete) (until 1536); in 1532, moreover, when making Campeggio's son Gianbattista bishop of Majorca, the emperor reserved the administration of the see to the young man's father.
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The Queen, on the advice of the Prime Minister, appoints a Governor-General to be her representative in Barbados.Constitution, Chapter VI, Part 1; Section 28 Both the Queen and the Governor-General hold much power of the country, though it is rarely used unilaterally; it is usually only used in such a way in emergencies and in some cases war.Constitution, Chapter III, Part 15; Section 25(1)(a) A simplified diagram of the Barbados government The Governor-General represents the Queen on ceremonial occasions such as the opening of parliament and the presentation of honours and military parades. Under the constitution, the Governor-General is given authority to act in some matters; for example, in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service,The role of GG is not just ceremonial, says Arthur granting "any person convicted of any offence against the laws of Barbados a pardon",Constitution, Chapter VI, Part 2; Section 78(1)(a) and in proroguing parliament.
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The Governor General of Canada at the time of the dispute, Michaëlle Jean Governor General Michaëlle Jean stated that "what is happening right now is part of the possibilities in our democratic system and I think that people can be reassured that, as I turn to what is happening, I am myself looking at my constitutional duties." Jean was faced with three possible outcomes as a result of her planned meeting with the Prime Minister on December 4, 2008: dissolving parliament, proroguing parliament, or dismiss the Prime Minister and invite the opposition parties to form government. The media looked to the two previous occasions when the reserve powers of the governor general were used in respect to declining the advice of the prime minister: The first was in 1896, when Charles Tupper refused to resign as prime minister following his party's loss in the election and Governor General the Earl of Aberdeen refused his advice to make several appointments. This effective dismissal forced Tupper to relinquish office.
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Critics have also claimed that these amendments were only tenuously linked to the purpose of the bill and therefore not appropriate, as their true function was not linked to the governing of Northern Ireland, but instead was designed to prevent a future Johnson ministry from proroguing parliament to force through a new negotiated deal or a no-deal Brexit. On 28 August 2019, Boris Johnson advised the Queen to prorogue parliament between 12 September and 14 October 2019, thereby spurring a number of court cases, with many of the objections centred around this provision within the Act. However, as 14 October was within 5 calendar days of 9 October, when the report was due, it was unclear if this provision could halt the prorogation, even if it were legally sufficient to do so. In the R (Miller) v The Prime Minister and Cherry v Advocate General for Scotland cases, the Supreme Court ruled the prorogation illegal, but not based on these provisions of the Act.
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Gilbert Burnet, one of Shaftesbury's friends, recorded what then happened: > Lord Grey and Lord Norris were named to be the tellers: Lord Norris, being a > man subject to vapours, was not at all times attentive to what he was doing: > so, a very fat lord coming in, Lord Grey counted him as ten, as a jest at > first: but seeing Lord Norris had not observed it, he went on with this > misreckoning of ten: so it was reported that they that were for the Bill > were in the majority, though indeed it went for the other side: and by this > means the Bill passed.Quoted in J. E. Powell, Great Parliamentary Occasions > 1966: The Queen Anne Press. p. 65. The clerk recorded in the minutes of the Lords that the "ayes" had fifty-seven and the "nays" had fifty-five, a total of 112, but the same minutes also state that only 107 Lords had attended that sitting. The King arrived shortly thereafter and gave Royal Assent before proroguing Parliament.
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