How to use nonactivated in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "nonactivated" and check conjugation/comparative form for "nonactivated". Mastering all the usages of "nonactivated" from sentence examples published by news publications.
It is also effective for activated sp3 alkyl electrophiles, including benzylic, allylic/propargylic, α-carbonyl (e.g., bromoacetone), and α-alkoxy (e.g., methoxymethyl chloride) alkyl halides. However, nonactivated alkyl halides, including methyl and other primary alkyl halides, generally only give low to moderate yields of the desired alkylation product (see below).
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PDE5 is expressed in human colonic cells and in intestinal tissue and its activity is regulated by intracellular cGMP levels in these cells that increase on GCC activation. This presumably occurs through binding of cGMP to the GAF domains in the N-terminus of PDE5, resulting in allosteric activation of the enzyme. The mechanism of action of E4021 on both the nonactivated and activated forms of rod PDE6 because both states are relevant to understanding how PDE5-selective inhibitors may alter signal transduction pathways in photoreceptor cells. PDE5-selective inhibitors may show good discrimination of PDE5 from most other PDE isoforms.
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By using an anionic version of an enamine, known as an azaenolate or metalloenamine, it is also possible to alkylate ketones or aldehydes with alkyl halides as less reactive electrophiles:A New Method for the Alkylation of Ketones and Aldehydes: the C-Alkylation of the Magnesium Salts of N-Substituted Imines Gilbert Stork and Susan R. Dowd J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 1963; 85(14) pp 2178–80; Stork enamine reaction with alkyl halides In this method a carbonyl compound is converted to an imine by alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution with a primary amine. The imine is then reacted with a Grignard reagent to the corresponding magnesium azaenolate. By virtue of the negative charge of this species, it is capable of displacing a halide from less reactive alkyl halides, including methyl, ethyl, and other nonactivated halides.
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In phase I, a variety of enzymes act to introduce reactive and polar groups into their substrates. One of the most common modifications is hydroxylation catalysed by the cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidase system. These enzyme complexes act to incorporate an atom of oxygen into nonactivated hydrocarbons, which can result in either the introduction of hydroxyl groups or N-, O- and S-dealkylation of substrates. The reaction mechanism of the P-450 oxidases proceeds through the reduction of cytochrome- bound oxygen and the generation of a highly-reactive oxyferryl species, according to the following scheme: :O2 \+ NADPH + H+ \+ RH → NADP+ \+ H2O + ROH Phase I reactions (also termed nonsynthetic reactions) may occur by oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, cyclization, decyclization, and addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen, carried out by mixed function oxidases, often in the liver.
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