Inevitably, much of this life will be damaged by nodule mining.
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Hydrothermal vents are an even more peculiar environment than nodule fields.
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Doctors typically describe a nodule as less than 3 centimeters in diameter.
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Hutchin sent the man to have the nodule in his neck biopsied.
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Once doctors find a tiny nodule, removing the thyroid is often the remedy.
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We're told she had a biopsy on a nodule found in her throat.
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Purser believes the octopod to be an apex predator in these nodule environments.
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When DeGeorge examined the patient, she easily located the nodule he was worrying about.
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A cancer patient, she just learned that a nodule in her lung is growing.
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After four days in the hospital, the nodule on the patient's right lung had grown.
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Dr Ané and his colleagues have also worked out the evolutionary origin of nodule formation.
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"It is commonly diagnosed when a patient presents with a thyroid lump or nodule," he says.
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For most of 2015, the nodule was fine, but eventually, it started growing, requiring more surgery.
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Finding more than one nodule in a patient's lung, however, does not necessarily mean it's spreading.
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Gaffo suspected that this nodule would be a clue to what was causing the man's pain.
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"I went in for a test due to the nodule in my throat," she wrote on Facebook.
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After the surgery, the nodule was tested and John was told it had been Stage 2 cancer.
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In April, he underwent surgery to remove the nodule that was determined to be stage 2 cancer.
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It starts generally with a small nodule, but over time, it opens up and creates an ulcer.
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Scans showed two suspicious spots in the woman's brain, and one nodule in the man's right lung.
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He watched as a needle was inserted into the nodule and a thick, milky substance was extracted.
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For much of Sanders' life, his most serious health issue was the nodule on his vocal cord.
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The sponge stalk is attached to a manganese nodule, a naturally forming rock containing commercially interesting metal deposits.
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"I had an extensive physical and they discovered there was a nodule on thyroid," he told Robin Roberts.
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Of those, the most common complications were swelling, infection, the presence of a nodule or lump, and pain.
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Inside the nodule was a broken tyrannosaur tooth; the hadrosaur had been bitten by a tyrannosaur and escaped.
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DEME unit Global Sea Mineral Resources (GSR), is testing nodule collector Patania II, named after the world's fastest caterpillar.
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The fish Bathysaurus mollis and a brittle star seen in a manganese nodule bed in the Clarion Clipperton Zone.
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It's a rare opportunity to see insects' every hair, every nook and nodule, in perfect clarity, color, and contrast.
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In a tougher turn, in April 2015, Raiola confirmed reports that she would be having a throat nodule removed.
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On the edge of his right wrist, the doctor found a nodule, a little larger than a lima bean.
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In these cases, it's clear what to do to get a definitive answer: surgically biopsy the nodule or the mass.
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Plus, that wacky three-prong nodule has a purpose: It's shaped to easily glide across skin, like a mini spa treatment.
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In 2013, a nurse spotted a "large nodule" on the neck of Tarek El Moussa, the star of Flip or Flop.
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I noticed that Tarek, the host, has a large nodule on his thyroid and he needs to have it checked out.
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Really, as he recalls in his 1997 book, Outsider in the House, there was a "benign nodule" on his vocal cords.
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LASER POINTER BURNS HOLE IN BOY&aposS RETINA "A physical examination showed a superficial moving oblong nodule at the upper eyelid," doctors wrote.
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Scans from a 27-year-old woman who worked in Wuhan showed a "ground-glass halo" — white patches that surround a small nodule.
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It will clear areas roughly 300 by 100 metres, leaving them nodule-free, so that future expeditions can return and study recolonisation rates.
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Well, I'd never noticed the thing, but I did have it checked out and the doctor said it was nothing, a thyroid nodule.
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They do know that a four-kilometer-across on-land copper pit would equate to a 100-kilometer manganese nodule mining area, said Hannington.
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Now Shark Tank star Daymond John has revealed that he was diagnosed with stage II thyroid cancer, and underwent surgery to have a nodule removed.
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The largest disturbance experiment so far was carried out in 1989 in the Peru Basin, a nodule field to the south of the Galapagos Islands.
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This is very different than detecting a concerning lung nodule on a screening chest CT scan or a concerning breast mass on a screening mammogram.
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Discovering a nodule on your neck is not an automatic diagnosis of thyroid cancer, says Dr. Gharib, and up to half of all adults have them.
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Upon examination, the woman's doctor found a "moving oblong nodule" in her upper left eyelid, and used forceps to yank the long, thin sucker out surgically.
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When he got well enough to start another round of chemotherapy, doctors found a nodule (basically, a lump) on his liver but weren't worried—at first.
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But my denial didn't do anything to prevent the anguish I felt when my cancer sprouted a new nodule in my right lung 10 months later.
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"Usually it's like a 7- to 8-millimeter nodule sitting in the middle of a lung that doesn't have any symptoms associated with it," says Dr. McKee.
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Then I had a nodule spontaneously grow on my thyroid and the biopsy couldn't rule out cancer, so I needed to have a thyroidectomy to remove it.
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Artist's concept of a deep ocean manganese nodule mining operation, with autonomous robotic collectors, a transport system for conveying material to the surface, and a processing barge.
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Two of the patients had complications that required additional treatment, one to relieve swelling and the other for nodule removal, researchers report in JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery.
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"Inside Edition" host Deborah Norville says she will have surgery to remove cancerous thyroid nodule after a concerned viewer brought the lump to her attention years ago.
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The Inside Edition host announced Monday that she will undergo surgery to remove a cancerous thyroid nodule that was brought to her attention by an eagle-eyed viewer.
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"The proper name for an under-the-skin spot would be a papule or a cyst, or a nodule, depending on how it looks," explains clinical facialist Kate Kerr.
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"Mining for nodule resources on the seafloor is likely to be highly destructive in the mined area, with long-lasting impacts," said Daniel Jones, author of the NOC report.
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During the surgery, the doctor held the nodule in place with a pair of forceps, opened up her skin, and pulled out a long, white worm from the woman's face.
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While several companies have trial-tested nodule collectors, we don't yet have production-scale mining systems that can haul thousands of tons of rock to the surface 15,000 feet up.
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To satisfy critics who labelled him a sociopath, the film sees him embark on a rigorous brain scan to test the functionality of his amydgala — the nodule responsible for such emotions.
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Once the worm takes up residence under the skin, which looks like a nodule or bump, it can wander around to various parts of the body: to the eyes, lips, knees, groin.
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"The brooding behavior of the octopods we observed suggests that [the octopods] may...be susceptible to habitat loss following the removal of nodule fields and crusts by commercial exploitation," conclude the researchers in their study.
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Brown told Indy100 that her mother was the first to notice the lump, and when she paid a visit to her doctor, it was confirmed to be a thyroid nodule, or an abnormal growth of cells.
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Jenn Andrews, who is mom to daughter, Hannah, 4, and son, Ari, 3, was pregnant with her daughter in 2013 when her pedicurist noticed a pea-sized nodule on the top of her right foot while she was massaging it.
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An array of large, mobile creatures like sea cucumbers, deep-sea prawns, deep sea fishes, brittle stars (crazy looking starfish with spindly arms) and the beloved casper octopods spend their days in and around the nodule fields, foraging and reproducing.
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The variety of lenses makes for a very strange nodule on the rear of the phone, but the shots Apple detailed in its keynote highlighted the level of detail that the new combination camera can bring when you switch between the lenses.
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Most human infestations only feature a single, infertile worm, unable to do much of anything but freak out the host's immune system, which traps the worm in a "nodule" underneath the skin (in rare cases, however, the worm can cause more serious organ damage).
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And, unlike mining developments in virgin areas of dry land, which tend to bring other forms of development in their wake by creating transport links that encourage human settlement, no one is going to follow the nodule-hoovers and actually live on the abyssal plain.
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According to Dr Hannington, the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone, a nodule field that stretches from the west coast of Mexico almost to Hawaii, contains by itself enough nickel and copper to meet global demand for several decades, and enough cobalt to last a century.
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Kalman is nude in the photographs, stretching her mouth to accommodate golden dental appliances, flopped stomach-down and head turned away over a rolling ceramic pelvic mold, or back to the camera edging precariously down onto a large ovoid ceramic base with a nodule presumably entering her anal cavity.
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But the circular nodule on one end is actually a fragrance capsule, which lowers at the push of a finger — not dissimilar to inserting a CD (remember those days?) — and quickly transforms the liquid-scent droplets of your choice into billions of teensy molecules that blend with ambient air.
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The deep-sea plains which host nodule fields tend not to be home to big animals, said Dr Beaulieu, but the sediments the nodules are found in play host to microscopic critters that would be most upset by the process of trawling that is needed to bring the nodules to the surface.
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Ultrasound imaging is useful as the first-line, non-invasive investigation in determining the size, texture, position, and vascularity of a nodule, accessing lymph nodes metastasis in the neck, and for guiding fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or biopsy. Ultrasonographic findings will also guide the indication to biopsy and the long term follow-up. High frequency transducer (7–12 MHz) is used to scan the thyroid nodule, while taking cross-sectional and longitudinal sections during scan. Suspicious findings in a nodule are hypoechoic, ill-defined margins, absence of peripheral halo or irregular margin, fine, punctate microcalcifications, presence of solid nodule, high levels of irregular blood flow within the nodule or "taller-than-wide sign" (anterior-posterior diameter is greater than transverse diameter of a nodule).
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A cystic teratoma with a small Rokitansky nodule — region of thickened cyst wall (bottom part of image). In gynecology, a Rokitansky nodule is a mass or lump in an ovarian teratomatous cyst.
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Because they are actively growing, indeterminate nodules manifest zones which demarcate different stages of development/symbiosis: Diagram illustrating the different zones of an indeterminate root nodule (see text). :Zone I—the active meristem. This is where new nodule tissue is formed which will later differentiate into the other zones of the nodule. :Zone II—the infection zone.
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Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma is a cutaneous condition characterized by a chronic, painless, solitary nodule, reminiscent of an acne nodule, appearing on the cheeks of young children. It has a prolonged course, but spontaneously heals.
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They are protected by the tough structure of the root nodule.
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Devonian nodular limestone Concretionary nodular limestone at Jinshitan Coastal National Geopark, Dalian, China In sedimentology and geology, a nodule is a small, irregularly rounded knot, mass, or lump of a mineral or mineral aggregate that typically has a contrasting composition, such as a pyrite nodule in coal, a chert nodule in limestone, or a phosphorite nodule in marine shale, from the enclosing sediment or sedimentary rock. Normally, a nodule has a warty or knobby surface and exists as a discrete mass within the host strata. In general, they lack any internal structure except for the preserved remnants of original bedding or fossils. Nodules are closely related to concretions and sometimes these terms are used interchangeably.
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A placental site nodule (PSN) is benign remnant from a previous pregnancy.
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Besides the clicking, snapping or triggering, a characteristic Notta nodule is commonly found on the palmar side at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. This nodule can be found by palpation. Children can also present a thumb which they cannot extend actively due to entrapment of the nodule to the A1 pulley. Some may even present with a fixed flexion deformity of the IPJ where no extension is possible.
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A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, is a mass in the lung smaller than 3 centimeters in diameter. There may also be multiple nodules. One or more lung nodules can be an incidental finding found in up to 0.2% of chest X-rays and around 1% of CT scans.
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Mutation leading to loss of function in these AON receptor kinases leads to supernodulation or hypernodulation. Often root growth abnormalities accompany the loss of AON receptor kinase activity, suggesting that nodule growth and root development are functionally linked. Investigations into the mechanisms of nodule formation showed that the ENOD40 gene, coding for a 12–13 amino acid protein [41], is up-regulated during nodule formation [3].
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This muscle is commonly misdiagnosed as a ganglion cysta, synovial nodule or cyst.
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A goitre may have one nodule – uninodular, multiple nodules – multinodular, or be diffuse.
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Cell division is stimulated in the hypodermis and cortex, which leads to the formation of a "prenodule". The bacterium then migrates into the cortex of the root while the nodule continues to develop in the same way as a lateral root. Nodule lobe primordia develop in the pericycle, endodermis or cortex during the development of the prenodule and finally the bacterium enters the cells of these to infect the new nodule.
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Cutaneous focal mucinosis is a skin condition characterized by a solitary nodule or papule.
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Treatment of a thyroid nodule depends on many things including size of the nodule, age of the patient, the type of thyroid cancer, and whether or not it has spread to other tissues in the body. If the nodule is benign, patients may receive thyroxine therapy to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone and should be reevaluated in 6 months. However, if the benign nodule is inhibiting the patient's normal functions of life; such as breathing, speaking, or swallowing, the thyroid may need to be removed.Sometimes only part of the thyroid is removed in an attempt to avoid causing hypothyroidism.
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Methylobacterium nodulans is an aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic, legume root nodule-forming and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
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In medicine, the Sister Mary Joseph nodule or more commonly node, also called Sister Mary Joseph sign, refers to a palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus as a result of metastasis of a malignant cancer in the pelvis or abdomen. Sister Mary Joseph nodules can be painful to palpation. A periumbilical mass is not always a Sister Mary Joseph nodule. Other conditions that can cause a palpable periumbilical mass include umbilical hernia, infection, and endometriosis.
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Tulloh, N.M. and J.H.G. Holmes (1992) Elaeophora poeli. In: "Buffalo Production." Elsevier: Amsterdam. . pp. 344. The male lives curled up inside the nodule, while the female lives with its head in the nodule and its body free in the lumen (interior space) of the aorta.
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A small cartilaginous nodule (cartilago triticea), sometimes bony, is frequently found in the lateral thyrohyoid ligament.
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Clinical history (history of radiation, age, endocrine syndromes), TSH, nodule size, and sonographic features are important to determine which nodule(s) should be followed or biopsied. However, existing guidelines do not specifically address how to approach ITNs detected on CT scans in such a specific patient population.
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Rivellia quadrifasciata, the soybean nodule fly, is a species of signal flies (insects in the family Platystomatidae).
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Rhizobium hainanense is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria. Strain CCBAU 57015 (166) is the type strain.
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The name Mormon is explained by Urrutia as derived from the Egyptian words Mor ("love") and Mon ("firmly established"). In 1984, Urrutia produced the first translation ever of the 'Spangler Nodule', an iron nodule allegedly found in Ohio in 1800 with an inscription carved on it. According to Urrutia, the text says YHWWY (which, Urrutia suggests, may be a variant of the Tetragrammaton).Benjamin Urrutia, "Translation of the Spangler Nodule," Newsletter and Proceedings of the Society for Early Historic Archaeology, number 155 (1984).
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In 1975, Carpenter discovered and published a paper on the recombination nodule, an organelle that mediates meiotic recombination.
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Neorhizobium huautlense is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria. It forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on Sesbania herbacea.
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When a nodule is present, thyroid function tests determine whether the nodule is secreting excess thyroid hormones, causing hyperthyroidism. When the thyroid function tests are normal, an ultrasound is often used to investigate the nodule, and provide information such as whether the nodule is fluid-filled or a solid mass, and whether the appearance is suggestive of a benign or malignant cancer. A needle aspiration biopsy may then be performed, and the sample undergoes cytology, in which the appearance of cells is viewed to determine whether they resemble normal or cancerous cells. The presence of multiple nodules is called a multinodular goitre; and if it is associated with hyperthyroidism, it is called a toxic multinodular goitre.
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Another characteristic feature of many of the viral encephalitides is the glial nodule which is illustrated on this microphotograph.
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Buruli ulcer is an infectious disease characterized by the development of painless open wounds. The first sign of infection is a small painless nodule or area of swelling. Over days to weeks, this nodule can grow larger under the skin. Eventually surface skin sloughs off the expanding wound, causing an open ulcer.
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An autonomous thyroid nodule or "hot nodule" is one that has thyroid function independent of the homeostatic control of the HPT axis (hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis). According to a 1993 article, such nodules need to be treated only if they become toxic; surgical excision (thyroidectomy), radioiodine therapy, or both may be used.
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Aalaap mein girah (Lit. Nodule in Prelude) is the first volume of his poems, published in 2010 with positive reviews.
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A few people still poke around what is left of the mine dumps, but a datolite nodule is rarely found.
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The holotype, BSP 1975 I 166, consists of a single phalanx, the first of the right wing finger, embedded in an elongated chalk nodule. When the nodule was split to reveal the fossil, its distal end was damaged. The exemplar is that of an adult individual. The phalanx has a length of 55 centimetres.
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Here plant cells and their bacteroid contents are being degraded. The breakdown of the heme component of leghemoglobin results in a visible greening at the base of the nodule. This is the most widely studied type of nodule, but the details are quite different in nodules of peanut and relatives and some other important crops such as lupins where the nodule is formed following direct infection of rhizobia through the epidermis and where infection threads are never formed. Nodules grow around the root, forming a collar-like structure.
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A pinguecula is one of the differential diagnoses for a limbal nodule. It may have an increased prevalence in Gaucher's disease.
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Syringofibroadenoma is a cutaneous condition characterized by a hyperkeratotic nodule or plaque involving the extremities. It is considered of eccrine origin.
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Neorhizobium galegae is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria. It forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legumes in the genus Galega.
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In 1999, Manna was diagnosed with a nodule on her vocal chord. After trying various alternative therapies, Manna chose to move forward with surgery, despite the 50% chance of permanent damage to her vocal chords. This surgery involved the removal of the nodule. The surgery was deemed successful, extending Manna's range from one octave to three octaves.
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Endometrial Stromal Nodule An endometrial stromal nodule is a noninfiltrative, circumscribed proliferation of endometrial stromal cells and is a benign subtype of endometrial stromal tumor. The appearance of the cells is identical to normal endometrial stromal cells. This can only be differentiated from low- grade endometrial stromal sarcoma by confirming lack of infiltration. The differential includes cellular leiomyoma.
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During the early stages of nodule formation, the plant-rhizobial relationship actually resembles a pathogenesis more than it does a mutualistic association.
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A trumpeter's wart is a cutaneous condition characterized by a firm, fibrous, hyperkeratotic nodule on the upper lip of a trumpet player.
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Radiation treatments for the nodule proved successful and in July 2019 she announced that she had once again been declared cancer-free.
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Sukow suggested that the coloration may be due to aggregates of acicular crystals of copper minerals scattered or concentrated throughout the datolite nodule.
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Even though nodule formation is common in the two monophyletic subfamilies Papilionoideae and Mimosoideae they also contain species that do not form nodules. The presence or absence of nodule-forming species within the three sub-families indicates that nodule formation has arisen several times during the evolution of the Fabaceae and that this ability has been lost in some lineages. For example, within the genus Acacia, a member of the Mimosoideae, A. pentagona does not form nodules, while other species of the same genus readily form nodules, as is the case for Acacia senegal, which forms both rapidly and slow growing rhizobial nodules.
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If a patient has a first-degree relative with such a syndrome, screening based on the various components of that syndrome is advised. Nevertheless, there are no guidelines specifically addressing ITNs detected on CT scans in patients at risk of thyroid cancer. Therefore, in the absence of suspicious features on the CT scan, other criteria such as nodule size on the CT scan, patient age, and levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are important in guiding management in such a patient population. Although the correlation between thyroid nodule size and malignancy risk is limited, nodule size affects prognosis in malignant nodules.
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The pits that penetrate the bore are usually covered in a hard pale green nodule of copper sulfate and copper hydroxide salts. If the nodule is removed a hemispherical pit is revealed filled with coarse crystals of red cuprous oxide and green cuprous chloride. The pits are often referred to as Type 1 pits and the form of attack as Type 1 pitting.
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Cortical cells of the nodule are invaded by Frankia filaments coming from the site of infection or the prenodule. Actinorhizal nodules have generally an indeterminate growth, new cells are therefore continually produced at the apex and successively become infected. Mature cells of the nodule are filled with bacterial filaments that actively fix nitrogen. Little information is available concerning the mechanisms leading to nodulation.
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The Talgai Skull is a human fossil found on the Talgai Station, Queensland, Australia. It has been dated indirectly, based on the radiocarbon date of a carbonate nodule found in stratigraphic proximity, at 13,500 years old."A radiocarbon date on a carbonate nodule at 3.4 m provided a date of 11,650±100 BP (Elkin 1978: 116) which now calibrates to 13,539±157 calBP".
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The eponymous phenomenon known as the Sister Mary Joseph nodule refers to a palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus as a result of metastasis of a malignant cancer in the pelvis or abdomen. She pointed Mayo's attention to the bulge, and he published an article about it in 1928, although the actual term was not coined until 1949 by Hamilton Bailey.
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Mesorhizobium plurifarium is a species of root nodule bacteria first isolated from Acacia species in Senegal. Its type strain is ORS 1032 (= LMG 11892).
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A sebaceous adenoma is a cutaneous condition characterized by a slow-growing tumour usually presenting as a pink, flesh-coloured, or yellow papule or nodule.
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The uvula is the second largest lobule, following the culmen. It pertains to the paleocerebellum and is separated from the nodule by the posterolateral fissure.
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Lesions may also appear on the hands of milkers, a clinical presentation known as milker's nodule. This disease in humans is nearly identical to orf.
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Rhizobium loessense is a root nodule bacteria, first isolated from nodules of Astragalus and Lespedeza species. Its type strain is CCBAU 7190BT (=AS1.3401T =LMG 21975T).
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Rhizobium mongolense is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, which nodulates and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Medicago ruthenica. Its type strain is USDA 1844.
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A cyst of Montgomery may be asymptomatic. Yet, a cyst of Montgomery usually is diagnosed when a female patient, 10–20 years of age, complains to a healthcare professional of breast pain (mastalgia), inflammation or a palpable nodule in the breast. The diagnosis is made clinically, when a palpable nodule is felt in the retroareolar area.Disorders of the breast in children and adolescents, Part 2: breast masses.
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The hairy frog is also notable in possessing retractable "claws" (though unlike true claws, they are made of bone, not keratin), which it may project through the skin, apparently by intentionally breaking the bones of the toe. In addition, the researchers found a small bony nodule nestled in the tissue just beyond the frog's fingertip. When sheathed, each claw is anchored to the nodule with tough strands of collagen, but, as Gerald DurrellDurrell, G. The Bafut Beagles Rupert Hart-Davis, 1954; chapter 5. discovered firsthand, when the frog is grabbed or attacked, the frog breaks the nodule connection and forces its sharpened bones through the skin.
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The energy for splitting the nitrogen gas in the nodule comes from sugar that is translocated from the leaf (a product of photosynthesis). Malate as a breakdown product of sucrose is the direct carbon source for the bacteroid. Nitrogen fixation in the nodule is very oxygen sensitive. Legume nodules harbor an iron containing protein called leghaemoglobin, closely related to animal myoglobin, to facilitate the diffusion of oxygen gas used in respiration.
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It is found in the majority of its members that only form an association with rhizobia, which in turn form an exclusive symbiosis with the Fabaceae (with the exception of Parasponia, the only genus of the 18 Ulmaceae genera that is capable of forming nodules). Nodule formation is present in all the Fabaceae sub-families, although it is less common in the Caesalpinioideae. All types of nodule formation are present in the subfamily Papilionoideae: indeterminate (with the meristem retained), determinate (without meristem) and the type included in Aeschynomene. The latter two are thought to be the most modern and specialised type of nodule as they are only present in some lines of the subfamily Papilionoideae.
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Rhizobium indigoferae is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, which nodulates and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Indigofera species Its type strain is CCBAU 71714(T) (= AS 1.3046(T)).
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Papillary eccrine adenoma is a cutaneous condition characterized by an uncommon benign sweat gland neoplasm that presents as a dermal nodule located primarily on the extremities of black patients.
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Their study also showed a higher ATP/ADP ratio in wild-type root nodule cells with active leghemoglobin, suggesting that leghemoglobin also assists with delivery of oxygen for respiration.
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Diaphorobacter ruginosibacter is a Gram-negative and non-endospores-forming bacterium from the genus of Diaphorobacter which has been isolated from root nodule of soybean plant near Baoji in China.
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Microvirga lotononidis is a nitrogen fixing, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming root-nodule bacteria from the genus of Microvirga. Microvirga lotononidis lives in symbiosis with Listia angolensis.
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Microbacterium shaanxiense is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the surface of a root nodule from a soybean Glycine max.
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The most distinctive characteristics that allow rhizobia to be distinguished apart are the rapidity of their growth and the type of root nodule that they form with their host. Root nodules can be classified as being either indeterminate, cylindrical and often branched, and determinate, spherical with prominent lenticels. Indeterminate nodules are characteristic of legumes from temperate climates, while determinate nodules are commonly found in species from tropical or subtropical climates. Nodule formation is common throughout the Fabaceae.
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The first remains of Lewisuchus were discovered in a 1964-1965 joint expedition by the Museo de La Plata and Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology. These remains were preserved in a carbonate nodule recovered from the Chañares Formation of Argentina. It contained a partial skeleton of Lewisuchus, including parts of the skull, braincase, many vertebrae, scapulocoracoids, humeri, and tibiae. A gomphodont and bones from several other species of archosaurs were also preserved in the same nodule.
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The laser ablation of thyroid nodules is performed in day hospital or day-surgery. The patient is placed under mild sedation (the same type of sedation used in an endoscopic examination). A local anesthetic is then applied, and one or two needles (depending on the size of the nodule) placed inside the nodule under ultrasound guidance. Through the lumen of the needles, extremely thin optical fibers are placed, which are connected to a laser light source.
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Sediments of certain abyssal plains contain abundant mineral resources, notably polymetallic nodules. These potato-sized concretions of manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper, distributed on the seafloor at depths of greater than 4000 meters, are of significant commercial interest. The area of maximum commercial interest for polymetallic nodule mining (called the Pacific nodule province) lies in international waters of the Pacific Ocean, stretching from 118°–157°, and from 9°–16°N, an area of more than 3 million km².
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The end result is the nodule, the structure in which nitrogen is fixed. Nod factors act by inducing changes in gene expression in the legume, most notable the nodulin genes, which are needed for nodule organogenesis. At least three plant genes which are stimulated by Nod factors are also involved in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. The addition of certain Nod factors enhances arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, indicating that the two very different symbioses may share some common mechanisms.
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The tribe Dalbergieae is an early-branching clade within the flowering plant subfamily Faboideae (or Papilionaceae). Within that subfamily, it belongs to an unranked clade called the Dalbergioids. It was recently revised to include many genera formerly placed in tribes Adesmieae and Aeschynomeneae and to be included in a monophyletic group informally known as the dalbergioids sensu lato. The members of this tribe have a distinctive root nodule morphology, often referred to as an "aeschynomenoid" or "dalbergioid" nodule.
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Results of a 1995 study suggested that the low free oxygen concentration in root nodule cells is actually due to the low oxygen permeability of root nodule cells. It follows that the main purpose of leghemoglobin is to scavenge the limited free oxygen in the cell and deliver it to mitochondria for respiration. But, scientists of a later 2005 article suggest that leghemoglobin is responsible both for buffering oxygen concentration, and for delivery of oxygen to mitochondria.Ott et al.
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In the summer of 2012 he dated Dionne Bromfield He then dated Ariana Grande from August to December 2013. On Nathan's birthday, April 18, 2013, Nathan went in for surgery to remove a nodule in his throat. During episodes of The Wanted life, he was talking about his throat hurting and burning. The day manager, Nano, had him see a specialist, who concluded he had a nodule on his throat and suggested that it be removed.
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Patients with thyroid oncocytomas present with a thyroid nodule, usually with normal thyroid function. If the tumor is big or invasive, there may be other symptoms such as difficulty swallowing or talking.
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Surgery may be used as a treatment when there is a vocal lesion such as nodule or polyp that is causing the MTD. There is little utility to surgery in primary MTD.
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The critical indicator of malignancy is usually the appearance of the Sister Mary Joseph Nodule. OGCTs can further give rise to ovarian torsion, hemorrhage, and even isosexual precocious puberty in young children.
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Angiolipoma is a subcutaneous nodule with vascular structure, having all other features of a typical lipoma. They are commonly painful.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology.
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Milker's nodules are a cutaneous condition that is most commonly transmitted from the udders of infected cows. Milker's nodule is caused by Paravaccinia virus. The disease in humans is nearly identical to Orf.
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Retinia arizonensis, the pinyon pitch nodule moth, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America. Damage The wingspan is about 19 mm. Adults are rusty brown.
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Sphingobacterium yanglingense is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from the root nodule surface of a soybean (Glycine max) in Yangling in China.
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After a nodule is found during a physical examination, a referral to an endocrinologist, a thyroidologist or otolaryngologist may occur. Most commonly an ultrasound is performed to confirm the presence of a nodule, and assess the status of the whole gland. Measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid antibodies will help decide if there is a functional thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis present, a known cause of a benign nodular goitre. Fine needle biopsy for cytopathology is also used.
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To extract it a long trench was dug on one side of a field. The overlaying clay was then dug out until the nodule bed was reached. If the depth of clay to be removed was more than eight to nine feet, the trench was made in two or three steps and as the nodules were taken out, so the trench was re-filled with the earth already removed. The nodule bed was shovelled into barrows and taken to the washing mill.
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The nodule (nodular lobe), or anterior end of the inferior vermis, abuts against the roof of the fourth ventricle, and can only be distinctly seen after the cerebellum has been separated from the medulla oblongata and pons. On either side of the nodule is a thin layer of white substance, named the posterior medullary velum. It is semilunar in form, its convex border being continuous with the white substance of the cerebellum; it extends on either side as far as the flocculus.
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The rheumatoid nodule, which is sometimes in the skin, is the most common non- joint feature and occurs in 30% of people who have RA. It is a type of inflammatory reaction known to pathologists as a "necrotizing granuloma". The initial pathologic process in nodule formation is unknown but may be essentially the same as the synovitis, since similar structural features occur in both. The nodule has a central area of fibrinoid necrosis that may be fissured and which corresponds to the fibrin-rich necrotic material found in and around an affected synovial space. Surrounding the necrosis is a layer of palisading macrophages and fibroblasts, corresponding to the intimal layer in synovium and a cuff of connective tissue containing clusters of lymphocytes and plasma cells, corresponding to the subintimal zone in synovitis.
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The 1450-nm diode laser has been shown to improve LMDF.Wang SH, Tsai TF (2007). "Several Erythematous Papules with a 1.5-cm Sized Nodule Scattering on the Face of an Old Woman". Dermatol Sinica.
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Nodules will also, rarely, originate from appendix cancer spillage and pseudomyxoma peritonei. Unknown primary tumors and rarely, urinary or respiratory tract malignancies can cause umbilical metastases.Galvañ VG. Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. Ann Intern Med.
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Studies of whole body screening computed tomography find abnormalities in the lungs of 14% of patients. Clinical practice guidelines by the American College of Chest Physicians advise on the evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule.
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Lung cancer can also be an incidental finding, as a solitary pulmonary nodule on a chest radiograph or CT scan done for an unrelated reason. The definitive diagnosis of lung cancer is based on the histological examination of the suspicious tissue in the context of the clinical and radiological features. Clinical practice guidelines recommend frequencies for pulmonary nodule surveillance. CT imaging should not be used for longer or more frequently than indicated, as the extended surveillance exposes people to increased radiation and is costly.
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The nodule most commonly represents a benign tumor such as a granuloma or hamartoma, but in around 20% of cases it represents a malignant cancer, especially in older adults and smokers. Conversely, 10 to 20% of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed in this way. If the patient has a history of smoking or the nodule is growing, the possibility of cancer may need to be excluded through further radiological studies and interventions, possibly including surgical resection. The prognosis depends on the underlying condition.
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Sparganosis is typically diagnosed following surgical removal of the worms, although the infection may also be diagnosed by identification of eosinophilia or identification of the parasite in a tissue specimen. If such biopsy and excision procedures are not feasible, the antisparganum ELISA test may be used. In theory, a pre-operative diagnosis could be made by identification of exposure history and a painful, migratory, subcutaneous nodule. Sparganosis usually presents as a single nodule, while other cestode infections such as cysticercosis typically present as multiple nodules.
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Thyroid scan A thyroid scan using a radioactive iodine uptake test can be used in viewing the thyroid. A scan using iodine-123 showing a hot nodule, accompanied by a lower than normal TSH, is strong evidence that the nodule is not cancerous, as most hot nodules are benign. Computed tomography of the thyroid plays an important role in the evaluation of thyroid cancer. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CT scans often incidentally find thyroid abnormalities, and thereby practically becomes the first investigation modality.
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Diagnosis of thyroid disease depends on symptoms and whether or not a thyroid nodule is present. Most patients will receive a blood test. Others might need an ultrasound, biopsy or a radioiodine scanning and uptake study.
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This is the most common form of oesophagostomiasis, affecting 85% of patients. This nodule can instigate intense tissue reactions that result in the formation of painful projecting masses. Common misdiagnoses include carcinoma, appendicitis, amebiasis and tuberculosis.Sun, Tsieh.
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The small shell has an ovate to fusiform shape. The protoconch is small and smooth. The teleoconch is covered with axial ribs. There is a conspicuous tooth-like blunt nodule on the midpoint of the outer lip.
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Pilocytic astrocytomas are grade I tumors. They are considered benign and slow growing tumors. Pilocytic astrocytomas frequently have cystic portions filled with fluid and a nodule, which is the solid portion. Most are located in the cerebellum.
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Mesorhizobium amorphae is a species of root nodule bacteria first isolated from Amorpha fruticosa species in China. It is purported to be native to American soil. Its genome has been sequenced. Its type strain is ACCC 19665.
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There are two main hypotheses for the mechanism that maintains legume-rhizobium symbiosis (though both may occur in nature). The sanctions hypothesis theorizes that legumes cannot recognize the more parasitic or less nitrogen fixing rhizobia, and must counter the parasitism by post-infection legume sanctions. In response to underperforming rhizobia, legume hosts can respond by imposing sanctions of varying severity to their nodules. These sanctions include, but are not limited to reduction of nodule growth, early nodule death, decreased carbon supply to nodules, or reduced oxygen supply to nodules that fix less nitrogen.
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The incubation period in human cases remains unknown, but in a person who underwent voluntary inoculation, erythema and central thickening appear by the fourth day. Most patients present a mild pre- eruptive fever that lasts 3–4 days, severe headaches and backaches, and often itching at the site where the skin lesion develops. There is initially a small nodule, without any central abrasion. This small nodule soon becomes papular and gradually enlarges to reach a maximum diameter of about 15 mm by the end of the second week of infection.
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Nodulation is controlled by a variety of processes, both external (heat, acidic soils, drought, nitrate) and internal (autoregulation of nodulation, ethylene). Autoregulation of nodulation controls nodule numbers per plant through a systemic process involving the leaf. Leaf tissue senses the early nodulation events in the root through an unknown chemical signal, then restricts further nodule development in newly developing root tissue. The Leucine rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinases (NARK in soybean (Glycine max); HAR1 in Lotus japonicus, SUNN in Medicago truncatula) are essential for autoregulation of nodulation (AON).
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Micrograph of a lymph node with papillary thyroid carcinoma After a thyroid nodule is found during a physical examination, a referral to an endocrinologist or a thyroidologist may occur. Most commonly, an ultrasound is performed to confirm the presence of a nodule and assess the status of the whole gland. Measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone and antithyroid antibodies will help decide if a functional thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis is present, a known cause of a benign nodular goiter. Measurement of calcitonin is necessary to exclude the presence of medullary thyroid cancer.
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Lisch nodule, also known as iris hamartoma, is a pigmented hamartomatous nodular aggregate of dendritic melanocytes affecting the iris, named after Austrian ophthalmologist Karl Lisch (1907–1999), who first recognized them in 1937. The first published use of the term, "Lisch nodule," was in the New England Journal of Medicine "Medical Progress" series article of December 31, 1981 (Riccardi VM: Von Recklinghausen Neurofibromatosis. N Engl J Med 1981;305:1617-27). These nodules are found in neurofibromatosis type 1, and are present in greater than 94% of patients over the age of six.
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Retro-ocular nodule of a D. repens worm detected in a 20-year-old woman, Rostov-na-Donu, Russia: The cyst (arrows) is shown by computed tomography scan (A) and magnetic resonance imaging (B). Ultrasonography image (C) shows a worm-like structure inside the cyst (arrow), and color Doppler imaging (D) shows marginal vascularization of the lesion). Infections in humans usually manifest as a single subcutaneous nodule, which is caused by a macrofilaria that is trapped by the immune system. Subcutaneous migration of the worm may result in local swellings with changing localization.
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Till and McCulloch called the nodules 'spleen colonies', and speculated that each nodule arose from a single marrow cell: perhaps a stem cell. In later work, Till and McCulloch were joined by graduate student Andy Becker, and demonstrated that each nodule did indeed arise from a single cell. They published their results in Nature in 1963. In the same year, in collaboration with Lou Siminovitch, a trailblazing Canadian molecular biologist, they obtained evidence that these cells were capable of self-renewal, a crucial aspect of the functional definition of stem cells that they had formulated.
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A 26-year-old male patient with elevated serum parathyroid hormones and calcium secondary to intra-thyroid parathyroid adenoma. a, b Enhanced axial and coronal CT scan of the neck demonstrate a well-defined hypodense right thyroid nodule (white arrows). c Bone window coronal CT scan shows lytic expansile lesions at the right mandible and left frontal bone (white arrows). d Transverse colour Doppler ultrasound of the neck demonstrates a well-defined, heterogonous, predominantly hypoechoic right thyroid nodule measuring 2.7 cm, with mild increased vascularity and no internal micro-calcifications (white arrow).
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The inner lip is erased. The columella is short. The siphonal canal is short, deep distinct, slightly constricted and recurved. There is a small nodule at the inner anterior end of the outer lip where the canal begins.
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They discovered that plant root hair cells show rapid ionic changes including calcium spiking in response to specific Nod Factors. With colleagues, they have identified plant genes for symbiosis, and correlated these with specific stages in nodule development.
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A Sertoli cell nodule is a benign proliferation of Sertoli cells that arises in association with cryptorchidism (undescended testis). They are not composed of a clonal cell population, i.e. neoplastic; thus, technically, they should not be called an adenoma.
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The abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) is an area within the Pacific nodule province that is currently under exploration for its mineral potential. Eight commercial contractors are currently licensed by the International Seabed Authority (an intergovernmental organization established to organize and control all mineral-related activities in the international seabed area beyond the limits of national jurisdiction) to explore nodule resources and to test mining techniques in eight claim areas, each covering 150,000 km². When mining ultimately begins, each mining operation is projected to directly disrupt 300–800 km² of seafloor per year and disturb the benthic fauna over an area 5–10 times that size due to redeposition of suspended sediments. Thus, over the 15-year projected duration of a single mining operation, nodule mining might severely damage abyssal seafloor communities over areas of 20,000 to 45,000 km² (a zone at least the size of Massachusetts).
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It has been observed that root nodules can be formed spontaneously in Medicago without the presence of rhizobia. This implies that the development of the nodule is controlled entirely by the plant and simply triggered by the secretion of nod factors.
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Often the chert nodule will be split in half to create two cherts with a flat circular face for use in walls constructed of lime. More sophisticated knapping is employed to produce near-perfect cubes which are used as bricks.
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Norville married Swedish businessman Karl Wellner in 1987; the couple has three children, Niki (b. 1991), Kyle (b. 1995), and Mikaela (b. 1998). On April 1, 2019, Norville announced that she would be undergoing surgery to remove a cancerous thyroid nodule.
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The symbiosome membrane is separated from the endosymbiont membrane by a space known as the symbiosome space, which allows for the exchange of solutes between the symbionts. In the plant root nodule the symbiosome membrane is also called the peribacteroid membrane.
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Lymphangiosarcoma may present as a purple discoloration or a tender skin nodule in the extremity, typically on the anterior surface. It progresses to an ulcer with crusting to an extensive necrotic focus involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It metastasizes quickly.
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Patients diagnosed with SGc most commonly present with a painless subcutaneous nodule. Other presentations include an irregular mass, pedunculated lesion or diffuse skin thickening. SGc in the periocular region presents as a heterogeneous rapidly growing, pink or yellow colored painless papule.
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Contact granulomas can be physically identified and diagnosed by observing the presence of proliferative tissue originating from the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage. Identification is carried out by laryngoscopy, which produces an image of the lesion in the form of an abnormal growth (nodule or polyp) or ulceration. The vocal process is overwhelmingly the most common laryngeal site for these lesions, although they have also been observed on the medial and anterior portions of the vocal folds. In nodule or polyp form, contact granulomas generally have a grey or dark red colouring and measure 2 to 15 mm in size.
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This journal, written by Watarai, Amoh, Aki, Takasu, and Katsuoka discusses a case of malignant chondroid syringoma on a forty-six-year-old man and the state his diagnosis 12 years after excision. Originally in 1996, the man observed an “asymptomatic, enlarging nodule” (Watarai, Amoh, Aki, Takasu, and Katsuoka, 2011) on the sole of his right foot and proceeded to undergo an initial biopsy where he was not diagnosed. Physically, the nodule was “solitary, dome-shaped, skin coloured, and firm,” (Watarai, Amoh, Aki, Takasu, and Katsuoka, 2011) and was 30 mm x 30 mm. The tumour underwent excision utilising a three-millimetre margin.
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Wiley-Blackwell Indeterminate nodules are found in the majority of legumes from all three sub-families, whether in temperate regions or in the tropics. They can be seen in Faboideae legumes such as Pisum (pea), Medicago (alfalfa), Trifolium (clover), and Vicia (vetch) and all mimosoid legumes such as acacias, the few nodulated caesalpinioid legumes such as partridge pea. They earned the name "indeterminate" because they maintain an active apical meristem that produces new cells for growth over the life of the nodule. This results in the nodule having a generally cylindrical shape, which may be extensively branched.
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The outer lip is thin, sharp, produced and internally smooth. The anal sulcus is wide and shallow, with no parietal nodule. The inner lip is erased. The columella is smooth, twisted, not pervious, attenuated obliquely toward the rather long, slightly recurved siphonal canal.
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An intermediate power of a microscopic view of an accessory auricle. The lesions presents as a nodule or papule, either sessile or pedunculated. They may be soft or have a cartilaginous structure. By histologic examination, it is a recapitulation of normal external auricle.
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An invasive tumor arising from a classical lentigo maligna. Usually a darkly pigmented raised papule or nodule, arising from a patch of irregularly pigmented flat brown to dark brown lesion of sun exposed skin of the face or arms in an elderly patient.
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Angiolipoleiomyoma is an acquired, solitary, asymptomatic acral nodule, characterized histologically by well-circumscribed subcutaneous tumors composed of smooth muscle cells, blood vessels, connective tissue, and fat.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. .
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Wilhelm et al. followed 41 patients with a known extra-thyroid malignancy and ITNs; 35 of them met the criterion for biopsy (nodule ≥ 1 cm). Pathology revealed four papillary thyroid cancers and five micropapillary thyroid cancers. Only two metastatic cancers were detected.
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Fibrous hamartoma of infancy is a rapidly growing, painless, ill-defined subcutaneous or intradermal nodule that is generally solitary and less than 5 cm in size, though, rarely, multiple lesions occur synchronously.Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.).
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Montgomeryite is a phosphate mineral with the chemical formula Ca4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O. The mineral was discovered in Fairfield, Utah in a variscite nodule. Montgomeryite is a very rare mineral and can only be found in a few places in the world.
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Siltstone and mudstone outcrops are less common, with the majority of outcrops of these being found in the lower sections within the Palingkloof Member and in its uppermost section within the Burgersdorp Formation. Nodule conglomerates comprising pedogenic nodules and intrabasinal clasts are also found.
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As the body attempts to clear the worm, the nodule may become painful. If the patient continues to experience discomfort, the worm may be surgically excised. Excision is a curative treatment and the worm is diagnosed as D. tenuis easily using its unique morphology.
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Only a small percentage of lumps in the neck are malignant (around 4 – 6.5%), and most thyroid nodules are benign colloid nodules. There are many factors to consider when diagnosing a malignant lump. Trouble swallowing or speaking, swollen cervical lymph nodes or a firm, immobile nodule are more indicative of malignancy, whereas a family history of autoimmune disease or goiter, thyroid hormonal dysfunction or a soft, painful nodule are more indicative of benignancy. The prevalence of cancer is higher in males, patients under 20 years old or over 70 years old, and patients with a history of head and neck irradiation or a family history of thyroid cancer.
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Medical imaging, such as abdominal ultrasound, may be used to distinguish a Sister Mary Joseph nodule from another kind of mass. Gastrointestinal malignancies account for about half of underlying sources (most commonly gastric cancer, colonic cancer or pancreatic cancer, mostly of the tail and body of the pancreasYendluri V, Centeno B, Springett G. Pancreatic cancer presenting as a Sister Mary Joseph's nodule: case report and update of the literature. Pancreas. 2007;34(1):161-4. ), and men are even more likely to have an underlying cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Gynecological cancers account for about 1 in 4 cases (primarily ovarian cancer and also uterine cancer).
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Once documented the benign nature of the nodule, the selection criteria for treatment with the laser concern injuries sufficiently massive to create cosmetic damages or local compressive symptoms and those patients who have contraindications at surgery or anesthesia or will not, for aesthetic reasons, to undergo surgery.
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Cross section through a soybean root nodule. The bacterium, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, colonizes the roots and establishes a nitrogen fixing symbiosis. This high magnification image shows part of a cell with single bacteroids within their symbiosomes. In this image, endoplasmic reticulum, dictysome and cell wall can be seen.
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The genus was named in 1971 by Brazilian paleontologist Llewellyn Ivor Price. The type species is Araripesaurus castilhoi. The genus name refers to the Araripe Plateau. The specific name honors the collector Moacir Marques de Castilho, who in 1966 donated the chalk nodule containing the fossil.
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Mosuke Murata joined the Zensho Byoin, now Tama Zenshoen Sanatorium in 1909. The chief dermatologist was Kensuke Mitsuda and there was another doctor Chin. Murata belonged to the surgery section, and studied leprosy. He was known for naming a hot nodule of leprosy, erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL).
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The appendage on X-rays variously appeared as a prominent protrusion of the coccyx. On a physical examination, the appendage resembles a nodule-like stub of an animal tail.Finn and Lynch (2006), illustration, p. 243. Deficiencies such as mental retardation, learning disability, growth retardation and developmental delay are common.
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Symptoms include catching or locking of the involved finger. As the disease progresses pain may occur in the palm of the hand or knuckles. In the ring and middle fingers, often a nodule can be felt at the area of the hand where the palm meets the finger.
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First, copper is removed by adding hydrogen sulfide, leaving a concentrate of cobalt and nickel. Then, solvent extraction is used to separate the cobalt and nickel, with the final nickel content greater than 99%. Electrolytically refined nickel nodule, with green, crystallized nickel-electrolyte salts visible in the pores.
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86–88 The most common symptom is a painful, slowly growing nodule in the subcutaneous tissues, which may migrate. Infection in the eye area can cause pain, irritation, edema, and excess watering. When the orbital tissues become infected, the swelling can cause blindness. An infected bowel may become perforated.
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Spitzoid melanoma Melanoma with features of a Spitz nevus (also known as a "Spitzoid melanoma") is a cutaneous condition characterized histologically with tissue similar to a spitz nevus and with overall symmetry and a dermal nodule of epithelioid melanocytes that do not mature with progressively deeper dermal extension.
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Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma typically presents as a deeply circumscribed, freely movable, rounded nodule ranging from 2 to 15 mm in diameter, with overlying skin that may have a reddish or violaceous tint.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. .
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But the main Difference between Darier disease and Warty dyskeratoma, is that Darier disease inherited dermatosis (autosomal dominant) consisting of multiple keratotic papules on the face, trunk, and extremities, while WD occurs as an isolated, noninherited, single keratotic nodule mainly confined to the head and neck as mentioned earlier.
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Aponeurotic fibroma (also known as "Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma," and "Juvenile aponeurotic fibroma") is characterized by a lesion that usually presents as a painless, solitary, deep fibrous nodule, often adherent to tendon, fascia, or periosteum, on the hands and feet.Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.).
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Not every round spot on a radiological image is a solitary pulmonary nodule: it may be confused with the projection of a structure of the chest wall or skin, such as a nipple, a healing rib fracture or electrocardiographic monitoring. The most important cause to exclude is any form of lung cancer, including rare forms such as primary pulmonary lymphoma, carcinoid tumor and a solitary metastasis to the lung (common unrecognised primary tumor sites are melanomas, sarcomas or testicular cancer). Benign tumors in the lung include hamartomas and chondromas. The most common benign coin lesion is a granuloma (inflammatory nodule), for example due to tuberculosis or a fungal infection, such as Coccidioidomycosis.
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Indeterminate nodule Symbosis by S. meliloti is conferred by genes residing on pSymA. Once infiltrating the nodule, the bacteria undergoes indeterminate nodulation with plants such as those in the genus Medicago. This is symbiotic relationship is not fully understood as it seems to be detrimental to the bacteria as once they are inside root nodules they become terminally differentiated into bacteroids and lose the ability to reproduce independently in the soil environment. Symbosis between S. meliloti and its plant hosts begins when the plant secretes an array of betaines and flavonoids into the rhizosphere: 4,4′-dihydroxy-2′-methoxychalcone, chrysoeriol, cynaroside, 4′,7-dihydroxyflavone, 6′′-O-malonylononin, liquiritigenin, luteolin, 3′,5-dimethoxyluteolin, 5-methoxyluteolin, medicarpin, stachydrine, and trigonelline.
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Features of benign lesion are: hyperechoic, having coarse, dysmorphic or curvilinear calcifications, comet tail artifact (reflection of a highly calcified object), absence of blood flow in the nodule, and presence of cystic (fluid-filled) nodule. However, the presence of solitary or multiple nodules is not a good predictor of malignancy. Malignancy is only diagnosed when ultrasound findings and FNAC report are suggestive of malignancy.. The TI-RADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems) are sonographic classification systems which describe the suspicious findings of thyroid nodules.. It was first proposed by Horvath et al, based on the BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) concept. Several systems were subsequently proposed and adopted by international scientific societies.
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Some of the foot bones from this specimen have gone missing. Romer also mentioned PVL material collected by Jose Bonaparte. In 1972, Romer described MCZ 4121, which was a specimen smaller than the holotype. It was preserved in a nodule alongside the holotype of Lewisuchus admixtus and a few Lagosuchus bones.
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Rarely, granuloma annulare may appear as a firm nodule under the skin of the arms or legs. It also occurs on the sides and circumferential at the waist and without therapy can continue to be present for many years. Outbreaks continue to develop at the edges of the aging rings.
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But however > ingenious the discovery of that natural principle may have been, the > application of it is hardly more than an advance in the packaging of the > inoculants. Each of the species of root nodule bacteria contained in the > package infects the same group of leguminous plants which it always > infected.
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A heat inactivated LGV 0.1ml grown in yolk sac of embryonated egg is injected intra dermally on the forearm and a control material prepared from noninfected yolk sac on the other forearm i.e. control. After 48–72 hours, an inflammatory nodule more than 6mm in diameter develops at the test site.
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Some locally-made items included prismatic obsidian blades and a polished nodule of iron pyrite for use as a mirror. Other items included weapons and instruments for navigation. A mariner's astrolabe is the oldest such instrument with a confirmed date. Pewter objects from England were found and stoneware from Cologne, Germany.
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Hürthle Cell Adenoma nodule observed in 3D image of Thyroid Hürthle cells are characterized as enlarged epithelial cells. These cells, when stained with hematoxylin-eosin show as pink. This is due to the abundant mitochondria and granular eosinophilic matter within the cells' cytoplasm. These cells are often found in the thyroid.
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The columella shows a parietal nodule. The siphonal canal is short and narrow. The entire surface is finely reticulated by the wavy lines of growth and spiral striations ; but these are not visible under an ordinary lens. Smith, E.A. (1882) Diagnoses of new species of Pleurotomidae in the British Museum.
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Sagittal reformat from a CT scan of the chest showing air crescent sign in a patient with invasive fungal infection. There is a rounded cavity in the apical right upper lobe, with a non-dependant soft- tissue nodule within it. Also there is some subtle ground-glass opacity surrounding the lesion.
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Page 581. . Onset of EAH most commonly arises in children prior to puberty as a solitary, unilateral, large, red to violaceous nodule or plaque located on the extremities. Although rare, there have been reports of multiple EAH lesions occurring within a single patient in a linear, grouped, agminated or blaschkoid distribution.
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Most reports of nodule growth on the central nervous system also presented with severe stages of erosive joint diseases. Generally, these nodules can be detected through MRI and confirmed through biopsies. As of right now, there are no known mediations that have been reported in reducing nodules in the central nervous systems.
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The majority of such symbioses are made between legumes and diazotrophic Rhizobia bacteria. The rhizobia-legume symbioses are the most studied due to the importance in agriculture. Each symbiosome in a root nodule cell encloses a single rhizobium that differentiates into a bacteroid. However, in some cases a symbiosome may house several bacteroids.
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The outer lip is slightly crenulate and recurved. The deep umbilicus is surrounded by a noduled callused rim, the callus extending to meet the outer lip. The columella is obliquely inserted in the umbilicus, with a small nodule at each end. The operculum is circular, horny, thin, multispiral, with a central nucleus.
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This view of the cactus Mammillaria marksiana shows its pattern of prominent tubercles, with the spines emanating from each tubercle's tip. In anatomy, a tubercle (literally 'small tuber', Latin for 'lump') is any round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on external or internal organs of a plant or an animal.
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Subepidermal calcified nodule is a type of Calcinosis cutis, its a cutaneous condition characterized by calcification of the skin resulting from the deposition of calcium and phosphorus, occurring most frequently as one or a few skin lesions on the scalp or face of children. Lesions may also appear on the ear and eyelid.
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Thyroid function tests will help reveal whether the nodule produces excess thyroid hormones. A radioactive iodine uptake test can help reveal the activity and location of the cancer and metastases. Thyroid cancers are treated by removing the whole or part of thyroid gland. Radioactive Iodine 131 may be given to radioablate the thyroid.
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In 2010, Tada announced that she had been diagnosed with Stage III breast cancer. She underwent a mastectomy and chemotherapy. Her treatment proved successful, and she was declared cancer-free in 2015. In November 2018, Tada was diagnosed with a malignant nodule on her chest wall near the site of her original cancer.
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Bronchoscopic or CT-guided biopsy is often used to sample the tumor for histopathology. Lung cancer often appears as a solitary pulmonary nodule on a chest radiograph. However, the differential diagnosis is wide. Many other diseases can also give this appearance, including metastatic cancer, hamartomas, and infectious granulomas caused by tuberculosis, histoplasmosis or coccidioidomycosis.
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Risk factors of developing rheumatoid nodules include as smoking and trauma to small vessels. In the majority of the time, nodules are not painful or disabling in any way. They are usually more of an unsightly nuisance. However, rheumatoid nodules can become painful when infection or ulcers occur on the skin of the nodule.
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Infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells can be seen in the peripheral zone as well. With time, gummas eventually undergo fibrous degeneration, leaving behind an irregular scar or a round fibrous nodule. It is restricted to necrosis involving spirochaetal infections that cause syphilis. Growths that have the appearance of gummas are described as gummatous.
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As of 20 August 2019, President Vázquez revealed that he suffered from a lung nodule with malignant appearance. Nevertheless he announced his intention of finishing his presidential term on 1 March 2020 as planned. At mid-November, it was confirmed by authorities of the Public Health Minister (MSP), that his lung cancer was cured.
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Papillary thyroid carcinoma is usually discovered on routine examination as an asymptomatic thyroid nodule that appears as a neck mass. In some instances, the mass may have produced local symptoms. This mass is normally referred to a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) for investigation. FNA accuracy is very high and it is a process widely used in these cases.
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In this case, no root hair deformation is observed. Instead the bacteria penetrate between cells, through cracks produced by lateral root emergence. Inside the nodule, the bacteria differentiate morphologically into bacteroids and fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium, using the enzyme nitrogenase. Ammonium is then converted into amino acids like glutamine and asparagine before it is exported to the plant.
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There are no methods as of right now to completely prevent the development of rheumatoid nodules, but for those diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, proper management of the disease could reduce the risk of nodule formation. Additionally, proper medication adherence, smoking cessation, increasing physical activity, and keeping up with doctor appointments are just some lifestyle changes that could "prevent" nodules.
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Depending on the dose of radioiodine chosen, and the disease under treatment (Graves' vs. toxic goiter, vs. hot nodule etc.), the success rate in achieving definitive resolution of the hyperthyroidism may vary from 75-100%. A major expected side-effect of radioiodine in people with Graves' disease is the development of lifelong hypothyroidism, requiring daily treatment with thyroid hormone.
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Bobdownsite is originally found from Big Fish River, Yukon, Canada (about Latitude 68°28'N, Longitude 136°30'W). Bobdownsite occurs in a vein from an east- west- trending faulted vein. Samples recovered from this exposure are found with Lower Cretaceous bedded ironstones and shales. Bobdownsite is a phosphate mineral with its exposure downstream from phosphate nodule slopes.
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Pilomatricoma, is a benign skin tumor derived from the hair matrix. These neoplasms are relatively uncommon and typically occur on the scalp, face, and upper extremities. Clinically, pilomatricomas present as a subcutaneous nodule or cyst with unremarkable overlying epidermis that can range in size from 0.5-3.0 cm, but the largest reported case was 24 cm.
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The growing mass may cause pain if ovarian torsion develops. Symptoms can be caused by a mass pressing on the other abdominopelvic organs or from metastases. If these symptoms start to occur more often or more severely than usual, especially after no significant history of such symptoms, ovarian cancer is considered. Metastases may cause a Sister Mary Joseph nodule.
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American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2009. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2009. In a study of 408 consecutive patients with SCLC, Quoix and colleagues found that presentation as a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is particularly indicative of a c-SCLC — about 2/3 of their SPN's were pathologically confirmed to be c-SCLC's containing a large cell carcinoma component.
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Spiradenoma, also spiroma or eccrine spiradenoma, is a cutaneous condition that is typically characterized, clinically, as a solitary, deep-seated dermal nodule of approximately one centimeter, occurring on the ventral surface of the body. Spiradenoma lesions are benign sudoriferous tumors, and have also been described as cystic epitheliomas of the sweat glands. The histological origin is controversial.
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Examination of this new tumour revealed more abnormal tumour cells compared to the first nodule of the sole of the foot. The original diagnosis was thus re-examined to be consisting of malignant chondroid syringoma cells. The patient was then treated with radiation. After eighteen months he presented no evidence of recurrence or further distant metastasis.
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An accessory spleen is a small nodule of splenic tissue found apart from the main body of the spleen. Accessory spleens are found in approximately 10 percent of the population and are typically around 1 centimetre in diameter. They may resemble a lymph node or a small spleen. They form either by the result of developmental anomalies or trauma.
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Its root nodule bacterium is Rhizobium galegae. Growers must ensure that their seed has been inoculated with it to produce adequate plant growth. Some strains of R. galegae are more effective symbionts than others, and different strains compete on one plant. When a less effective strain outcompetes effective strains, the plant does not grow as well.
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Ensom (p.64) Generally the Dorset chalk is too soft to be used as a building stone except along the Ridgeway where faulting and folding produced a particularly hard variety popularly used by the Romans in their mosaics. The chalk often contains larger fossils including ammonites, belemnites and brachiopods. Flint occurs throughout in both nodule and tabular layers.
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They also try to reconcile Sheila with her daughter, Naomi (Morgana O'Reilly). When Georgia develops a sore throat, Karl examines her and tells her she has a large nodule on her vocal chord. Georgia opts to have surgery to remove it, in case it turns cancerous. The surgery goes well, but shortly afterwards, Georgia begins coughing up blood.
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Sparse thin limestone and nodule bands are seen where the rocks are exposed. The deposition of a clay-rich mudstone member normally indicates deposition in a deeper marine environment. The lowest beds of the formation are referred to as the "Pre-planorbis beds" in reference them being deposited before the first appearance of the ammonite Psiloceras planorbis.
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A coccyx with four vertebrae below the sacrum. The coccyx is formed of either three, four or five rudimentary vertebrae. It articulates superiorly with the sacrum. In each of the first three segments may be traced a rudimentary body and articular and transverse processes; the last piece (sometimes the third) is a mere nodule of bone.
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The body is gelatinous and fragile. The arms are nearly equal in length. A pair of translucent webs joins the dorsal and ventral sides of the arms together and the webs terminate at a nodule. The first 7 or 8 suckers are cup-shaped and raised on thick stalks, numbers 2 and 3 being the largest.
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Each valve has two central tubes traversing its surface, meeting in the middle at the central nodule. The morphology of the Cyclotella cell wall and its valves are important traits that distinguish species from each other. Each species has tangentially undulated valves all throughout their cell wall, regardless of their length, width, and concentration.Tesson, B., Hildebrand, M. (2010).
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The cutoff size for further evaluation is raised to 1.5 cm for patients more than 35 years old. This recommendation should be applied to the largest thyroid nodule in cases of multiple thyroid nodules. Incidentally discovered heterogeneous and enlarged thyroid glands should undergo dedicated ultrasound if the patient has no limited life expectancy or serious comorbidities.
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Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPBs) often produce Nod factors (nodulation factors) that initiate nodule formation in plants. In addition to plant-bacterial interactions, bacteria often secrete bactericidal or fungicidal compounds into the phytobiome to reduce local competition for niches and resources. Additionally, organisms that feed on bacteria such as some species of algae and protists are attracted to these small signaling molecules.
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Following its collection, Mikesell destroyed a diamond-edged blade by cutting through the matrix and discovered the item. In a letter written to Desert Magazine of Outdoor Southwest a reader stated that a trained geologist had dated the nodule as at least 500,000 years old.Maxey, V., 1961, The Coso Geode... in Letters...From Our Readers. Desert Magazine of Outdoor Southwest. v.
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Gram negative microbes deploy bacterial outer membrane vesicles for intra- and inter-species signaling in natural environments and at the host-pathogen interface. Additionally, interspecies signaling occurs between multicellular organisms. In Vespa mandarinia, individuals release a scent that directs the colony to a food source. In plants, inter-species signaling is particularly important in mycorrhizal symbiosis and root nodule symbiosis.
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There are nine lobules of the vermis: lingula, central lobule, culmen, clivus, folium of the vermis, tuber, pyramid, uvula and nodule. These lobules are often difficult to observe during human anatomy classes and may vary in size, shape and number of folia. It has been shown that folia of the cerebellum exhibit frequent variations in form, number and arrangement between individuals.
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A mummified toad within a hollow flint nodule, presented by Charles Dawson and claimed to have been found by workmen in a Lewes quarry around 1900. Thought to be a fake. Booth Museum, Brighton Entombed animals (also "toad in the hole") are animals often reportedly found alive after being encased in solid rock, or coal or wood,Mark Pilkington. "Toads in the hole".
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The expression of these genes results in the production of enzymes called nod factors that initiate root hair curling. During this process, the rhizobia are curled up with the root hair. The rhizobia penetrate the root hair cells with an infection thread that grows through the root hair into the main root. This causes the infected cells to divide and form a nodule.
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The lacrimal caruncle, or caruncula lacrimalis, is the small, pink, globular nodule at the inner corner (the medial canthus) of the eye. It is made of skin covering sebaceous and sweat glands. With ocular allergies, the lacrimal caruncle and the plica semilunaris of the conjunctiva may be inflamed and pruritic (itchy) due to histamine release in the tissue and tear film.
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Often, PIH can be prevented by avoiding any aggravation of the nodule and can fade with time. However, untreated PIH can last for months, years, or even be permanent if deeper layers of skin are affected. Even minimal skin exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays can sustain hyperpigmentation. Daily use of SPF 15 or higher sunscreen can minimize such a risk.
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There are currently no rapid diagnostic tools for mycetoma. Mycetoma is diagnosed through microscopic examination of the grains in the nodule and by analysis of cultures. Since the bacterial form and the fungal form of mycetoma infection of the foot share similar clinical and radiological features, diagnosis can be a challenge. Magnetic resonance imaging is a very valuable diagnostic tool.
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Template matching has various applications and is used in such fields as face recognition (see facial recognition system) and medical image processing. Systems have been developed and used in the past to count the number of faces that walk across part of a bridge within a certain amount of time. Other systems include automated calcified nodule detection within digital chest X-rays.Ashley Aberneithy.
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This change is noted by an increase in the size of the bacterium and its elongation. The bacterial membrane is also made permeable. The process of differentiation is plant-driven using peptides known as nodule specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCR peptides). NCRs are antimicrobial peptides that are similar to the defensin peptides used in mammals in response to invading pathogens.
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When found, vertebrate fossils appear most frequently in the mudstone and calcareous nodule deposits. Trace fossils are more commonly found in this formation than vertebrate fossils. These trace fossils lie in the sandstones and include preserved burrows, track ways, feeding trails and other evidence of shallow-water-dwelling invertebrates. The invertebrates include annelids, aquatic oligochaetes, nematodes, insect larvae, and planolites.
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A hoard of Iron Age coins found in the northeast in 1927 (with further coins found in 1986 and 1994) is the only evidence of prehistoric activity in the parish. The coins are from the 1st century BC. The British Museum holds 36 coins while the Wiltshire Museum at Devizes has others, together with the hollow flint nodule in which they were found.
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Ross, K. Soy substitute edges its way into European meals. New York Times 16 November 2011. Three Mediterranean species of lupin, blue (narrow-leafed) lupin, white lupin, and yellow lupin, are widely cultivated for livestock and poultry feed. Like other legumes, they can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into ammonia via a rhizobium–root nodule symbiosis, fertilizing the soil for other plants.
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The nodule that appears early in the disease can resemble a bug bite, sebaceous cyst, lipoma, onchocerciasis (in Africa), other mycobacterial skin infections, or an enlarged lymph node. Skin ulcers can resemble those caused by leishmaniasis, yaws, squamous cell carcinoma, Haemophilus ducreyi infection, and tissue death due to poor circulation. More diffuse lesions can resemble cellulitis and various fungal infections of the skin.
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Late fibrosis stage. It is the stage of healing by which the fibrosis of the Aschoff nodules occur in 12 to 16 weeks after the illness. The nodule becomes oval or fusiform in shape about 200 micrometer x 600 micrometer in width and length. With passage of months and years the Aschoff nodules becomes less cellular and collagenous tissue is increased.
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In 1994 and again in 1998, Jeremiah was diagnosed with lymphoma. In 1999, a nodule was surgically removed from his neck and he underwent stem cell transplant therapy.A Bend in the Road: Experiencing God When Your World Caves In, David Jeremiah, p.__ One of Jeremiah's sons, Daniel, is a former NFL scout, and is currently an analyst with the NFL Network.
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The flocculonodular lobe (vestibulocerebellum) is a lobe of the cerebellum consisting of the nodule and the flocculus. The two flocculi are connected to the midline structure called the nodulus by thin pedicles. It is placed on the anteroinferior surface of cerebellum. This region of the cerebellum has important connections to the vestibular nuclei and uses information about head movement to influence eye movement.
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In an in vitro mixed culture system, 5-(S)-HETE is released by monocytes to stimulate, at sub-nanomolar concentrations, osteoclast-dependent bone reabsorption. It also inhibits morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-induced bone- like nodule formation in mouse calvarial organ cultures. These results allow that 5-(S)-HETE and perhaps more potently, 5-oxo-ETE contribute to the regulation of bone remodeling.
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The holotype of Appianoporites is a lone fragment of fruiting body by and deep, which was abraded by water transport before preservation in a calcareous nodule. The conk section has an average of six 130 to 163 μm diameter tubes per millimeter. The fungus is composed of monomitic hyphae. Due to the abraded nature of the specimen the basidia and basidiospores are both unknown at this time.
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The holotype of Quatsinoporites is a lone fragment of fruiting body by and deep, which was abraded by water transport before preservation in a calcareous nodule. The conk section has an average of three, 130 to 540 μm diameter tubes per millimeter. The fungus is composed of monomitic hyphae. Due to the abraded nature of the specimen the basidia and basidiospores are both unknown at this time.
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Expression of Smr35B in free-living bacteria was found to be growth-dependent, being the gene down- regulated when bacteria entered the stationary phase. Supplementation of MM with luteolin, the plant flavone that specifically induces transcription of the S. meliloti nodulation genes, stimulated the expression of Smr35B by ~4 fold. In contrast, the Smr35B transcript was not detected in mature nodule tissues. Schlüter et al.
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The rheumatoid nodule is the most common cutaneous manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Rheumatoid arthritis involves chronic inflammation of synovial membranes, which leads to degradation of articular cartilage and the juxta-articular bone. Inflammation is caused by T cells, B cells and monocytes when endothelial cells are activated. Neovascularization, or the growth of new blood vessels, serves as an additional marker for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Roots of Vicia with white root nodules visible. Cross-section through a root nodule of Vicia observed through a microscope. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF, performed by the organisms called diazotrophs) is a very old process that probably originated in the Archean eon when the primitive atmosphere lacked oxygen. It is only carried out by Euryarchaeota and just 6 of the more than 50 phyla of bacteria.
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Singer Mark Slaughter came from a nodule surgery on his vocal cords (1992), guitarist Tim Kelly was charged with drug trafficking, and bassist Dana Strum was rehabilitating from a dirt bike accident that injured his playing hand. A video for Searchin' was made. The tracks "Prelude" and "Unknown Destination" were both used in the Funimation dub of the Dragonball Z special The History of Trunks.
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Tunneling down at around revealed no trace of the tell-tale coloring in the clay that indicates the likely presence of opal. However, despite the poor ventilation and the constant danger of tunnel collapse, Bradley and Philips wanted to continue digging. At , Bradley’s pick found a large, black opal nodule. It was not until they reached the surface that the true nature of their find was revealed.
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Contrast enhanced MRI of the conus medullaris and cauda equina of patient with VHL depicts a hemangioblastoma of the conus with extension into the nerve roots. The primary diagnosis is made with a computed tomography scan (CT scan). On a scan, hemangioblastoma shows as a well-defined, low attenuation region in the posterior fossa with an enhancing nodule on the wall. Sometimes multiple lesions are present.
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The brow ridge is a nodule or crest of bone situated on the frontal bone of the skull. It forms the separation between the forehead portion itself (the squama frontalis) and the roof of the eye sockets (the pars orbitalis). Normally, in humans, the ridges arch over each eye, offering mechanical protection. In other primates, the ridge is usually continuous and often straight rather than arched.
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Sinorhizobium meliloti is a Gram-negative bacterium which fixes atmospheric nitrogen. It forms a symbiotic relationship with legumes from the genera Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella, including the model legume Medicago truncatula. This symbiosis results in a new plant organ termed a root nodule and is deemed symbiotic as it leaves excess nitrogen behind for the plant. S. meliloti are mobile and possess a cluster of peritrichous flagella.
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Rhizobia nodules on Vigna unguiculata Mutualism is a form of symbiosis in which both participating species benefit. A classic example of mutualism is the interaction between rhizobia soil bacteria and legumes (Fabaceae). In this interaction, rhizobia bacteria induce root nodule formation in legume plants via an exchange of molecular signals. Within the root nodules, rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia using the nitrogenase enzyme.
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Nitrogen-fixing nodules on a clover root. Legumes release organic compounds as secondary metabolites called flavonoids from their roots, which attract the rhizobia to them and which also activate nod genes in the bacteria to produce nod factors and intitiate nodule formation. These nod factors initiate root hair curling. The curling begins with the very tip of the root hair curling around the Rhizobium.
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A preauricular sinus is a common congenital malformation characterized by a nodule, dent or dimple located anywhere adjacent to the external ear. Frequency of preauricular sinus differs depending the population: 0.1–0.9% in the US, 0.9% in the UK, and 4–10% in Asia and parts of Africa. Preauricular sinuses are inherited features, and most often appear unilaterally. They are present bilaterally in 25–50% of cases.
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Gleason pattern 1 is the most well differentiated tumor pattern. It is a well defined nodule of single/separate, closely/densely packed, back-to-back gland pattern that does not invade into adjacent healthy prostatic tissue. The glands are round to oval shaped and proportionally large, comparing them to Gleason pattern 3 tumors, and are approximately equal in size and shape to one another.
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The LEF was deposited in a fluvio-lacustrine environment where rivers were more perennial and formed meandering channel geometries, as evidenced by the presence of lateral accretion. However, this depositional environment changed at the onset of the UEF deposits where evidence of shallower river channels, longer periods of floodplain stasis (mature palaeosols) and flash flood events (pedogenic nodule conglomerates) shows that the climate became more arid.
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The bacteria are released as injection drops into the host root nodule cells where the plasma membrane encloses them in the organelle-like structure of the symbiosome. In most plants a symbiosome encloses a single endosymbiont bacterium but some types may contain more than one. A negative feedback loop called the autoregulation of nodulation works to balance the need for nitrogen and thus the formation of nodules.
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The holotype skull of Feeserpeton, cataloged as OMNH 73541, was found in the Dolese Brothers Limestone Quarry near the town of Richard's Spur, Oklahoma. Several other parareptiles have also been found from Richard's Spur, including Bolosaurus, Colobomycter, Delorhynchus, Microleter, and an acleistorhinid. OMNH 73541 was preserved in a clay-rich nodule of calcite which was removed during preparation. CT scans of the skull revealed many internal details.
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Transmission electron microscope image of a cross section though a soybean (Glycine max) root nodule. The nitrogen fixing bacteria, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, infects the roots and establishes a symbiosis. This high magnification image shows part of a cell with single bacteroid (bacterium-like cell or modified bacterial cell) within their symbiosomes. In this image, you can also see endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and cell wall.
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In this case bacteria penetrate the root extracellularly, growing between epidermal cells then between cortical cells. Later on Frankia becomes intracellular but no prenodule is formed. In both cases the infection leads to cell divisions in the pericycle and the formation of a new organ consisting of several lobes anatomically similar to a lateral root. This organ is the actinorhizal nodule also called actinorhizae.
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Initial estimates of deep sea mining viability turned out to be much exaggerated. This overestimate, coupled with depressed metal prices, led to the near abandonment of nodule mining by 1982. From the 1960s to 1984 an estimated US $650 million had been spent on the venture, with little to no return. Over the past decade a new phase of deep-sea mining has begun.
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Concretions are formed from mineral precipitation around some kind of nucleus while a nodule is a replacement body. Descriptions dating from the 18th century attest to the fact that concretions have long been regarded as geological curiosities. Because of the variety of unusual shapes, sizes and compositions, concretions have been interpreted to be dinosaur eggs, animal and plant fossils (called pseudofossils), extraterrestrial debris or human artifacts.
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There is a subcutaneous nodule identified just below the nasal bridge in this computed tomography image of a nasal glial heterotopia. Imaging studies are performed before surgery or biopsy to preclude an intracranial connection. Images usually show a sharply circumscribed but expansile mass. It may be difficult to exclude the intracranial connection if the defect is small whether employing computed tomography or magnetic resonance.
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Often these abnormal growths of thyroid tissue are located at the edge of the thyroid gland and can be felt as a lump in the throat. When they are large, they can sometimes be seen as a lump in the front of the neck. Sometimes a thyroid nodule presents as a fluid-filled cavity called a thyroid cyst. Often, solid components are mixed with the fluid.
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Their main aims are to characterize the risk of malignancy of nodules to better select nodules to submit to fine-needle aspiration cytology. Another imaging modality, which is ultrasound elastography, is also useful in diagnosing thyroid malignancy especially for follicular thyroid cancer. However, it is limited by the presence of adequate amount of normal tissue around the lesion, calcified shell around a nodule, cystic nodules, coalescent nodules.
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Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey (born Julia Dempsey) was a Catholic nun and surgical assistant of William J. Mayo at St. Mary's Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota from 1890 to 1915. She drew Mayo's attention to the phenomenon, and he published an article about it in 1928. The eponymous term Sister Mary Joseph nodule was coined in 1949 by Hamilton Bailey.H. Bailey: Demonstration of physical signs in clinical surgery.
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Plantar fibromatosis is most frequently present on the medial border of the sole, near the highest point of the arch. The lump is usually painless and the only pain experienced is when the nodule rubs on the shoe or floor. The overlying skin is freely movable, and contracture of the toes does not occur in the initial stages. A plantar fibroma right below the 2nd toe.
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Two is a long bamboo ladle with a nodule in the approximate center of the handle. It is used to pour hot water into the tea bowl from the iron pot () and to transfer cold water from the fresh water container to the iron pot when required. A does not require the use of a . Different styles are used for different ceremonies and in different seasons.
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On reviewing the surgical tapes, the team notices a small nodule in the intestine that they think might possibly be a ganglioma which could have caused her symptoms. They want Chase to perform another surgery to biopsy it, but he refuses. Instead, they decide on a do-it-yourself biopsy, with no anesthesia. Under the microscope, the biopsy shows no ganglioma, and is suggestive of amyloidosis.
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The usage of terminology for types of goiter has varied over the past century. Physicians and surgeons tend to differentiate among solitary-nodule goiter, multinodular goiter, and non-nodular goiter more thoroughly in recent decades than they formerly did. Thus some sources have described, or still describe, thyroid adenoma (toxic adenoma) as synonymous with toxic multinodular goiter, but other sources differentiate those two as single-nodule disease versus multinodular disease (respectively) with pathogenesis that is likely differing in most cases (eg, single neoplastic cell clone versus multifocal or diffuse molecular metabolic change). The medical eponyms "Plummer disease" (named after American physician Henry Stanley Plummer eponymously named after ) and "Parry disease" (named after English physician Caleb Hillier Parry) have been used to refer to toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma, and toxic diffuse goiter (Graves' disease); the specific entity in each patient/case is not always clear retrospectively, especially in older literature.
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The spiral sculpture consists of a strong keel at the shoulder and on the base four or five feeble threads. The siphonal canal is without spiral sculpture. The axial sculpture consists of (on the body whorl about 18) rounded riblets retractive behind the keel, protractive in front of it, straight, forming a nodule at the intersection with the keel and with wider interspaces. The simple aperture is short and wide.
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The genus is known only from the single holotype, a partial bracket fungus fruiting body, or conk. The specimen, AW 104 D top, is currently residing in the collections housed by the Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria. The specimen was collected south of the Campbell River on the eastern shore of Vancouver Island. The partial conk was preserved in a calcareous nodule recovered from a silty mudstone matrix.
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It occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in sedimentary rocks, such as chalks and limestones.The Flints from Portsdown Hill Flint vs Chert Authentic Artefacts Collectors Assn. Inside the nodule, flint is usually dark grey, black, green, white or brown in colour, and often has a glassy or waxy appearance. A thin layer on the outside of the nodules is usually different in colour, typically white and rough in texture.
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Secondary MTD is caused by an underlying medical or physical reason. Vocal fold lesions such as a vocal fold nodule or other changes in the vocal fold mucosa can lead to increased tension in the larynx and cause dysphonia. Larynogopharyngeal reflux, a process that is similar to GERD, can bring stomach acid into the larynx. This can provoke the larynx to tense to prevent the aspiration of the acid.
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Initial blood tests often include thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). Total and free triiodothyronine (T3) levels are less commonly used. If autoimmune disease of the thyroid is suspected, blood tests looking for Anti-thyroid autoantibodies can also be obtained. Procedures such as ultrasound, biopsy and a radioiodine scanning and uptake study may also be used to help with the diagnosis, particularly if a nodule is suspected.
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Treatment of thyroid disease varies based on the disorder. Levothyroxine is the mainstay of treatment for people with hypothyroidism, while people with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease can be managed with iodine therapy, antithyroid medication, or surgical removal of the thyroid gland. Thyroid surgery may also be performed to remove a thyroid nodule or to reduce the size of a goiter if it obstructs nearby structures or for cosmetic reasons.
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Cavernous lymphangioma first appears during infancy, when a rubbery nodule with no skin changes becomes obvious in the face, trunk, or extremity. These lesions often grow at a rapid pace, similar to that of raised hemangiomas. No family history of prior lymphangiomas is described. Cystic hygroma causes deep subcutaneous cystic swelling, usually in the axilla, base of the neck, or groin, and is typically noticed soon after birth.
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The prominent, single-nodule form of oesophagostomiasis is often referred to as Dapaong tumor named after a city in northern Togo. Within the villages of Togo, villagers often refer to it as ‘Kounkoul’, which means ‘turtle’ in the native Moba-language; the name aptly describes the hard, round mass in the patient’s abdomen.Polderman, A. M., and J. Blotkamp. “Oesophagostomum infections in humans.” Parasitology Today 11.12 (1995): 451-456.
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Eccrine carcinoma is a rare skin condition characterized by a plaque or nodule on the scalp, trunk, or extremities. It originates from the eccrine sweat glands of the skin, accounting for less than 0.01% of diagnosed cutaneous malignancies. Eccrine carcinoma tumors are locally aggressive with a high rate of recurrence. Lack of reliable immunohistochemical markers and similarity to other common tumors has made identification of eccrine carcinoma difficult.
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A good example of this is pyritization. They are smaller in size and less likely to be deformed or metamorphosed than iron formations.Middleton, Gerard V. (and others), 2003, Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 124–125, 130–133, 159–160, 367–368, 376–384, 486–489, 555–557, 701–702 The term iron ball is occasionally used to describe an ironstone nodule.
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Mesorhizobium mediterraneum is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodule from Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Spain.ATCCUniProtRhizobium mediterraneum was transferred to Mesorhizobium mediterraneum. This species, along with many other closerly related taxa, has been found to promote production of chickpea and other crops worldwide by forming symbiotic relationships. As a typical species nodulating chickpea, Mesorhizobium mediterraneum forms a mutualistic symbiosis with the legume crop.
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Another types of determinate nodule is found in a wide range of herbs, shrubs and trees, such as Arachis (peanut). These are always associated with the axils of lateral or adventitious roots and are formed following infection via cracks where these roots emerge and not using root hairs. Their internal structure is quite different from those of the soybean type of nodule.Sprent 2009, Legume nodulation: a global perspective.
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In the example, a clinker nodule has been polished and etched with hydrogen fluoride vapour. The alite shows as brown, the belite as blue, and the melt phases as white. Electron microscopy can also be used, in which case the minerals may be identified by microprobe analysis. The preferred method to quantify the minerals accurately is X-ray diffraction on the powdered clinker, using the Rietveld analysis technique.
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The calcified nodule can be within the lung, hila, or mediastinum. The borders must be sharp, distinct, and well defined. This was considered a Class B3 TB in the past; however, Class B3 has been omitted from the classification scheme because it has not been found to be associated with active TB. #Minor musculoskeletal findings - Minor findings needing no follow-up. #Minor cardiac findings - Minor findings needing no follow-up.
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A section of a root nodule cell showing symbiosomes enclosing bacteroids. A symbiosome is a specialised compartment in a host cell that houses an endosymbiont in a symbiotic relationship. The term was first used in 1983 to describe the vacuole structure in the symbiosis between the animal host the Hydra, and the endosymbiont Chlorella. Symbiosomes are also seen in other cnidaria-dinoflagellate symbioses, including those found in coral-algal symbioses.
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Blood tests may be done prior to or in lieu of a biopsy. The possibility of a nodule which secretes thyroid hormone (which is less likely to be cancer) or hypothyroidism is investigated by measuring thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).Tests for serum thyroid autoantibodies are sometimes done as these may indicate autoimmune thyroid disease (which can mimic nodular disease).
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Development of deep-water work class ROV by NIOT in collaboration with Experimental Design Bureau of Oceanological Engineering (EDBOE), Moscow was initiated by Polymetallic Nodule Management (PMN) Board of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Govt. of India. The submersible is equipped with multifunctional tools and sensors for offshore applications such as deep ocean mineral exploration, seabed imaging, gas hydrate exploration, pipeline routing, submarine cabling, well head detection, sampling etc.
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The tumor is usually solitary and presents as a slow growing, painless, firm single nodular mass. Isolated nodules are generally outgrowths of the main nodule rather than a multinodular presentation. It is usually mobile unless found in the palate and can cause atrophy of the mandibular ramus when located in the parotid gland. When found in the parotid tail, it may present as an eversion of the ear lobe.
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On the superior surface of cerebellum, the vermis protrudes above the level of the hemispheres, but on the inferior surface it is sunk almost out of sight in the bottom of a deep depression between them; this depression is called the vallecula of the cerebellum, and lodges the posterior part of the medulla oblongata and the inferior vermis, which consists of the tuber vermis, pyramid, uvula and nodule.
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The pubis apparently did not touch the process obturatorius of the Ischium which means that the foramen obturatum is not closed but open downwards. For the femur, the trochanter major at the top is convex and on the inside separated by a groove from the front narrow trochanter minor. The front groove is not well developed between the lower joint nodules. The inner nodule is not widened outwards.
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LysM domains are also found in plant receptors, including NFP, the receptor for Nod factor which is necessary for the root nodule symbiosis between legumes and symbiotic bacteria. The LysM domain is typically between 44 and 65 amino acid residues in length. The structure of the LysM domain showed that it is composed of a pair of antiparallel beta strands separated by a pair of short alpha helices.
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Medicarpin is found in Medicago truncatula and Swartzia madagascariensis. It can also be found in Maackia amurensis cell cultures.Isoflavonoid production by callus cultures of Maackia amurensis. S.A Fedoreyev, T.V Pokushalov, M.V Veselova, L.I Glebko, N.I Kulesh, T.I Muzarok, L.D Seletskaya, V.P Bulgakov and Yu.N Zhuravlev, Fitoterapia, 1 August 2000, Volume 71, Issue 4, Pages 365–372, The root nodule formation by Sinorhizobium meliloti is apparently dependent on the flavonoids pathway.
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Fibroma of tendon sheath is a benign tumor that presents as a small subcutaneous nodule that slowly increases in size. The tumors often have a multinodular growth pattern, with individual nodules being composed of bland, slender, spindle-shaped cells (myofibroblasts) in a dense, fibrous matrix.” A common microscopic finding is the presence of elongated, slit-like blood vessels. The lesions nearly always arise in the distal portions of the extremities.
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Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (also known as: "Epithelioid hemangioma," "Histiocytoid hemangioma," "Inflammatory angiomatous nodule," "Intravenous atypical vascular proliferation," "Papular angioplasia," "Inflammatory arteriovenous hemangioma," and "Pseudopyogenic granuloma") usually presents with pink to red-brown, dome-shaped, dermal papules or nodules of the head or neck, especially about the ears and on the scalp.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. .
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Maryon described these as a crushed food vessel; "1 gold ear- ring"; "1 flint arrowhead"; "1 flint saw"; "6 worked flakes of flint" ; "2 flint cores, and a number of unworked flakes"; "1 whetstone, or hone"; "1 coarse rubber of sandstone"; "1 rough nodule of glazed ware"; "1 vase or mug handle"; and "a fragment of coarse pottery, a nodule of iron pyrites, and some pieces of charcoal." With the exception of the food vessel, found about four and a half feet from the centre, and some of the charcoal, all of the finds were in the central area about three or four feet in diameter. The crushed food vessel identified by Maryon has subsequently been termed a bell beaker, and as one of, or perhaps the, earliest type yet found in Britain. What Maryon termed an earring has also been re-identified, as a hair braid; it is one of the oldest metal objects found in the country.
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In the beginning of 2012, the third residency was announced to take place in New York City, in partnership with The Creators Project and the New York Hall of Science, where six of the ten planned gigs were announced to take place, with the other four being at Roseland Ballroom. However, due to an illness, one show that was to take place at the Hall of Science was rescheduled and moved to the Roseland Ballroom. After the end of the residency, another one was announced at Centro de Exposiciones of Buenos Aires, with the last show taking place at the Estadio G.E.B.A.. However, due to the discovery of a nodule on her vocal cords, Björk had to cancel the last show at the Centro de Exposiciones and the concert at the Estadio G.E.B.A. For this reason, Björk cancelled several festival appearances she was supposed to have during the summer of 2012. In November 2012, the singer announced that she underwent surgery to remove the nodule.
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The Mohs hardness is 5.5 and the specific gravity is 2.8 - 3.0. Polished datolite nodule from the Quincy Mine of Michigan’s Copper Country (size: 4.1 x 3.3 x 1.7 cm) The type localities are in the diabases of the Connecticut River valley and Arendal, Aust-Agder, Norway. Associated minerals include prehnite, danburite, babingtonite, epidote, native copper, calcite, quartz and zeolites. It is common in the copper deposits of the Lake Superior region of Michigan.
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The genus Margaretbarromyces is known only from the single holotype, a complete ascoma like fungus fruiting body. The specimen, AW 400 Htop 0-12, is currently residing in the paleobotanical collections housed by the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The specimen was collected south of the Campbell River on the eastern shore of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The fungus specimen was preserved in a calcareous nodule recovered from a silty mudstone matrix.
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Sinorhizobium meliloti is an agronomically relevant α-proteobacterium able to induce the formation of new specialized organs, the so-called nodules, in the roots of its cognate legume hosts (i.e. some Medicago species). Within the nodule cells bacteria undergo a morphology differentiation to bacteroid, their endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing competent form. Rhizobial adaptations to soil and plant cell environments require the coordinate expression of complex gene networks in which sRNAs are expected to participate.
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Stein was forced to retire from football after suffering persistent ankle injuries during the 1955–56 season. While playing in a friendly in Coleraine in May 1956, he landed awkwardly and rolled over on the ankle. Two weeks later he had an operation to remove a bone nodule, after which he was ordered to rest until fully recuperated. While on a holiday in Blackpool, the ankle irritated Stein, who found that it had become septic.
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. The rhizobia and their hosts must be able to recognize each other for nodule formation to commence. Rhizobia are specific to particular host species although a rhizobia species may often infect more than one host species. This means that one plant species may be infected by more than one species of bacteria. For example, nodules in Acacia senegal can contain seven species of rhizobia belonging to three different genera.
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The fossil was discovered in a conglomerated deposit of the Early Permian Vale Formation near the town of Vera in Knox County, Texas. The specimen was found in a nodule of rock that had broken, and much of the surface of the skull had weathered away. Because Waggoneria is known from a single fragmentary fossil, few features distinguish it from other reptiliomorphs. One distinction can be seen in the structure of the jaws.
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For example, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii works with clover; Sinorhizobium meliloti works with alfalfa; and Bradyrhizobium japonicum works with soybeans. Moreover, different species of Rhizobia bacteria produce an inhibitory effect on each other when mixed. These bacteria have long been packaged for sale to and use by farmers in the inoculation of the seeds of leguminous plants, with each package containing only one species of root nodule bacteria, to avoid the mutual inhibition effect.
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Furthermore, AGK levels significantly increases STAT3 phosphorylation, poorer disease-free survival, and shorter overall survival in primary ESCC. More importantly, AGK expression was significantly correlated with JAK2/STAT3 hyperactivation in ESCC, as well as in lung and breast cancer. In prostate cancer, AGK expression amplifies EGF signaling pathways, thus playing a significant role in the development of prostate cancer. It’s also correlated tumor-nodule-metastasis (TNM) classification breast cancer, and an overall shorter overall survival.
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Third instar larva of olive fruit fly The egg is around 0.7 to 1.2 mm long, elongated, and slightly flattened in its stomach, with a small, white microfleece nodule, which is important for the respiration of the embryo. The larva is Caecilian and has a conical-cylindrical, narrow front. It develops through three stages (larva, first, second and third stage). The mature larva is 6–7 mm long, white-yellowish in colour, elongated, and subconical.
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In sedimentology and geology, nodular is used to describe a sediment or sedimentary rock composed of scattered to loosely packed nodules in matrix of like or unlike character. It is also used to describe mineral aggregates that occur in the form of nodules, e.g. colloform mineral aggregate with a bulbed surface. Nodule is also used for widely scattered concretionary lumps of manganese, cobalt, iron, and nickel found on the floors of the world's oceans.
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Though Harry Govier Seeley had named Diademodon in 1894, which was after Owen had dubbed the genus Cynochampsa, Seeley had not realized the two were one and the same as the fossil that Owen named was claimed to have been found in a claystone nodule in the Renosterberg Mountains. A later paleontologist explored the same area where the fossil was claimed to have been found and declared no evidence of Cynognathus fossils.
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Most often, the first symptom of thyroid cancer is a nodule in the thyroid region of the neck.Hu MI, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Lustig R, Lamont JP. "Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers" in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach . 11 ed. 2008. However, up to 65% of adults have small nodules in their thyroids, but typically under 10% of these nodules are found to be cancerous.
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The lesion itself serves as a biomarker, but the minute details of the lesion serve as biomarkers as well, and can collectively be used to assess the risk of neoplasm. Some of the imaging biomarkers used in lung nodule assessment include size, spiculation, calcification, cavitation, location within the lung, rate of growth, and rate of metabolism. Each piece of information from the image represents a probability. Spiculation increases the probability of the lesion being cancer.
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Manganese nodule The Southern Ocean probably contains large, and possibly giant, oil and gas fields on the continental margin. Placer deposits, accumulation of valuable minerals such as gold, formed by gravity separation during sedimentary processes are also expected to exist in the Southern Ocean. Manganese nodules are expected to exist in the Southern Ocean. Manganese nodules are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core.
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Small amounts of yttrium (0.1 to 0.2%) have been used to reduce the grain sizes of chromium, molybdenum, titanium, and zirconium. Yttrium is used to increase the strength of aluminium and magnesium alloys. The addition of yttrium to alloys generally improves workability, adds resistance to high-temperature recrystallization, and significantly enhances resistance to high-temperature oxidation (see graphite nodule discussion below). Yttrium can be used to deoxidize vanadium and other non-ferrous metals.
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Archers often have many other pieces of equipment attached to their recurve bows, such as: ; Clicker: a blade or wire device fitted to the riser, positioned to drop off the arrow when the archer has reached optimum draw length. Used correctly, this ensures the same cast-force each time. Many archers train themselves to shoot automatically when the clicker 'clicks' off the arrow. ; Kisser: a button or nodule attached to the bowstring.
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Both the male and female prepare the hollow for breeding, which involves peeling or scraping off wood shavings from the inside the hollow to prepare bedding for the eggs. Gum leaves are occasionally added as well. The clutch consists of one or two white lustreless rounded oval eggs which may have the occasional lime nodule. The first egg averages around 47 or 48 mm long and 37 mm in diameter (2 × 1.4 in).
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The presence of cortex indicates the importation of an unworked nodule, with the first flakes both preparing the core by shaping and removing the roughened exterior of the cortex (Sheets 1978:9). The percentage frequency of cortex is an important statistic to help identify lithic production areas. A low incidence of cortex would indicate quarry preforming (cortex removed at the quarry, not at the site). One specific type of debitage analysis is mass analysis.
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When the Cardinal was made Pope Julius II in 1503, he took Vigo with him to Rome, appointing him as his official surgeon. He was with the Pope in the attack on Bologna and cured the Pope of a nodule on his hand. In 1514 Vigo published Practica in arte chirurgica copiosa a comprehensive work on surgery composed of nine books and written in Latin. He dedicated it to his son, Luigi.
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By comparison, the flushing and diarrhea observed in carcinoid syndrome is caused by elevated levels of circulating serotonin. Medullary thyroid carcinoma may also produce a thyroid nodule and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Sites of spread of medullary thyroid carcinoma include local lymph nodes in the neck, lymph nodes in the central portion of the chest (mediastinum), liver, lung, and bone. Spread to other sites such as skin or brain occurs but is uncommon.
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Paracyclotosaurus davidi restoration The type species P. davidi is only known from one complete specimen recovered from Australia. It was discovered by quarry miners in a brick pit in St. Peters in Sydney, New South Wales. The discovery, made in 1910, was from a large ironstone nodule within Ashfield Shale which contained the nearly complete skeleton. The reconstruction was finished in July 1914, and was initially determined to be closely related to Cyclotosaurus.
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The feature is present in approximately 10.4% of the Spanish adult population, 40% of Indian adults, and 58% of Swedish school children. This acuminate nodule represents the point of the mammalian ear. The trait can potentially be bilateral, meaning present on both ears, or unilateral, where it is present on only one ear. There is mixed evidence in regard to whether the bilateral or unilateral expression is related to population, or other factors.
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Astacus leptodactylus can grow up to in length from the tip of the rostrum to the end of the telson (tail), but is more commonly found at around in length. The sides of the thorax are very rough, usually pale yellow to pale green in colour. A. leptodactylus has two pairs of post- orbital ridges, the second of which may have spines. It also has a prominent tubercle (small nodule) on shoulder of the carapace.
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The antennae are setaceous and feature a small disc-like nodule about two thirds of the way up. The hind femora of the adults are widened and feature spikes along the inner edge that are more pronounced in males. It is the lone member of this genus to have third and fourth antennal segments that are equal or subequal. Between the wing bases on the dorsal thorax lies a triangular structure called the scutellum.
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A single laceration may occur by itself, or many may be present, creating an appearance like Swiss cheese in the radiography of the lung. Pulmonary laceration is usually accompanied by hemoptysis (coughing up blood or of blood-stained sputum). Thoracoscopy may be used in both diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary laceration. A healing laceration may resemble a lung nodule on radiographs, but unlike pulmonary nodules, lacerations decrease in size over time on radiographs.
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Ito et al. found a higher tumour progression risk among young patients (<40 years) with subclinical, low-risk PTCs who undergo observation rather than surgery. Therefore, nodule size and patient age should determine the need for workup in the general population without suspicious imaging features and with normal life expectancy. Further evaluation with ultrasound is required for patients less than 35 years old with nodules measuring more than 1 cm in the axial plane.
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It probably originated in marine layers of the Northumberland Formation dating to the late Campanian stage, from about seventy million years ago. The rock, a calcite nodule, has a length of about . It holds the snout of the specimen, initially identified as the first pterosaur skull material found in Canada. Some of the surface of the bone is visible; partly it has been preserved as a cross-section or as an imprint.
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Other investigation methods include ultrasound imaging and nuclear scan. The ultrasound is a useful test to distinguish solid from cystic lesions and to identify calcifications. The thyroid ultrasound is also very effective to discover microcarcinomas, which refer to very small carcinomas (<1 cm). Papillary thyroid carcinomas are also discovered when a hard nodule is found in multinodular goiter, when enlarged cervical lymph nodes are detected, or when there are unidentified metastatic lesions elsewhere in the body.
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In the furrows a few of these lines are slightly stronger than the rest. The spiral sculpture shows below the sinus-area a very slight angular projection of the whorls, which is made more marked by a thickening and elevation of the ribs at this point. This is a feature which on the earlier whorls is very distinct, the whole rib being individualised by the central nodule into which it rises. But further on these nodules lose in importance.
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The genus is known only from the single holotype, a partial bracket fungus fruiting body, or "conk." The specimen, P13021 E, is currently residing in the paleobotanical collections housed by the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The specimen was collected in Apple Bay, near Quatsino Sound on the northwestern shore of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The partial conk was preserved in a calcareous nodule recovered from a Greywacke sandstone matrix equivalent in age to the Longarm Formation.
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The specimen was studied by cutting the calcareous nodule into slices with a rock saw and using the cellulose acetate peel technique to create slides that were examined under stereo microscope. Quatsinoporites is placed in Hymenochaetaceae based on the structure of the poroid hymenophore, the presence of setae and monomitic hyphal system lacking clamp connections. This placement is tentative due to limited characters available in the fossil the lack of diagnostic features such as the basidiospores.
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Rhizobia are found in the soil and after infection, produce nodules in the legume where they fix nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere turning it into a more readily useful form of nitrogen. From here, the nitrogen is exported from the nodules and used for growth in the legume. Once the legume dies, the nodule breaks down and releases the rhizobia back into the soil where they can live individually or reinfect a new legume host.
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Because rheumatoid nodules also cause pain or nerve entrapment, treatment for these symptoms with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be sufficient. Other drug therapies, such as corticosteroids, have shown to decrease nodular size, however, it can increase the risk of infection as well. Local corticosteroid injections seems to be the most studied treatment for rheumatoid nodules as of now. Surgery to have the nodule removed is another option that can be done to treat rheumatoid nodules.
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Other infectious causes include a lung abscess, pneumonia (including pneumocystis pneumonia) or rarely nocardial infection or worm infection (such as dirofilariasis or dog heartworm infestation). Lung nodules can also occur in immune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis, or organizing pneumonia. A solitary lung nodule can be found to be an arteriovenous malformation, a hematoma or an infarction zone. It may also be caused by bronchial atresia, sequestration, an inhaled foreign body or pleural plaque.
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There's still a risk of hypothyroidism though, as the remaining thyroid tissue may not be able to produce enough hormones in the long-run. If the nodule is malignant or has indeterminate cytologic features, it may require surgery. A thyroidectomy is a medium-risk surgery that can result in complications if not performed correctly. Problems with the voice, nerve or muscular damage, or bleeding from a lacerated blood vessel are rare but serious complications that may occur.
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A Simon focus is a tuberculosis (TB) nodule that can form in the apex of the lung when a primary TB infection elsewhere in the body spreads to the lung apex via the bloodstream. Simon focus nodules are often calcified. The initial lesion is usually a small focus of consolidation, less than 2cm in diameter and located within 1 to 2 cm of the apical pleura. In adolescence, Simon foci may become reactivated and develop into Assmann foci.
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An accessory spleen is a small splenic nodule extra to the spleen usually formed in early embryogenesis. Accessory spleens are found in approximately 10 percent of the population and are typically around 1 centimeter in diameter. Splenosis is a condition where displaced pieces of splenic tissue (often following trauma or splenectomy) autotransplant in the abdominal cavity as accessory spleens. Polysplenia is a congenital disease manifested by multiple small accessory spleens, rather than a single, full-sized, normal spleen.
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Bohn's nodule in a nine-month-old baby Bohn’s nodules, described by Heinrich Bohn in 1886 as "mucous gland cysts", are distributed over the junction of the hard and soft palate. They are derived from minor salivary glands. They are found at the junction of the hard and soft palate, and along lingual and buccal parts of the dental ridges, away from the midline. These nodules are 1–3 mm in size, and filled with keratin.
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Indeterminate nodules growing on the roots of Medicago italica Two main types of nodule have been described: determinate and indeterminate. Determinate nodules are found on certain tribes of tropical legume such as those of the genera Glycine (soybean), Phaseolus (common bean), and Vigna. and on some temperate legumes such as Lotus. These determinate nodules lose meristematic activity shortly after initiation, thus growth is due to cell expansion resulting in mature nodules which are spherical in shape.
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Besides, it was hard to conceive how the largest species, as big as whales, could have survived a beaching. Fossil finds of ichthyosaur embryos showed that at least one group of marine reptiles had born live young. The first to claim that similar embryos had been found with plesiosaurs was Harry Govier Seeley, who reported in 1887 to have acquired a nodule with four to eight tiny skeletons. In 1896, he described this discovery in more detail.
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ConA was found to partially inhibit tumor nodule growth independent of its lymphocyte activation; the eradication of the tumor in the murine in-situ hepatoma model in this study was additionally attributed to the mitogenic/lymphoproliferative action of ConA that may have activated a CD8+ T-cell-mediated, as well as NK- and NK-T cell-mediated, immune response in the liver. ConA intravitreal injection can be used in the modeling of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in rats.
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Prior to her 2010 appearances on Dancing with the Stars, Grey had a physical examination to ensure that she was fit enough to compete and saw a doctor to address chronic neck problems caused by the car crash decades earlier. Her spinal cord was compressed and her surgeon placed a titanium plate in her neck to stabilize it. He also found a suspicious white spot on her thyroid via MRI. The nodule was cancerous and was removed.
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In most cases, thyroid cancer presents as a painless mass in the neck. It is very unusual for thyroid cancers to present with other symptoms, although in some cases cancer may cause hyperthyroidism. Most malignant thyroid cancers are papillary, followed by follicular, medullary, and thyroid lymphoma. Because of the prominence of the thyroid gland, cancer is often detected earlier in the course of disease as the cause of a nodule, which may undergo fine needle aspiration.
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A mastocytoma or mast cell tumor is a type of round-cell tumor consisting of mast cells. It is found in humans and many animal species; it also can refer to an accumulation or nodule of mast cells that resembles a tumor. Mast cells originate from the bone marrow and are normally found throughout the connective tissue of the body as normal components of the immune system. As they release histamine, they are associated with allergic reactions.
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This structure is similar to that of hollandite (BaMn2+Mn4+7O16) and romanèchite ((Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10), but with larger tunnels. Although tunnels formed from triple chains of octahedra are most common in todorokite, occasional tunnels have been observed in crystals from both terrestrial and manganese nodule deposits that have one pair of sides formed by triple chains, but with the other pair of sides formed from chains 4, 5, 8 or more octahedra wide.
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It came from the Middle Dutch "bluyster" and was a modification of the Old French "blostre", which meant a leprous nodule—a rise in the skin due to leprosy. In dermatology today, the words vesicle and bulla refer to blisters of smaller or greater size, respectively. To heal properly, a blister should not be popped unless medically necessary. If popped, the excess skin should not be removed because the skin underneath needs the top layer to heal properly.
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The next two whorls show rather indistinct ribs, the rest conspicuous white nodules, which become larger up to the body whorl. On this whorl, which is somewhat oblique, they are smaller on the ventral side. It shows a very large nodule before the aperture and a second row of much smaller ones, which are not visible on the upper whorls. The surface of the shell is covered with faint spiral lirae, which are more distinct on the nodules.
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The American College of Radiology (ACR) flowchart and recommendations for ITNs detected by CT or MRI offer general guidance and are not applicable to all patients. The recommendations are primarily based on the presence or absence of suspicious features, nodule size, patient's age, patient's life expectancy, and patient's comorbidities. Suspicious features that can be detected on CT scans include signs of local invasion and abnormal lymph nodes. Abnormal lymph nodes may show cystic components, calcifications, and/or increased enhancement.
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Dwykaselachus (pronounced dwike-a-selak-us) is an extinct genus of symmoriid, a cartilaginous fish that lived in what is now South Africa during the Permian period around 280 million years ago. It was first discovered in the 1980s, in a nodule of sediments from the Karoo Supergroup. Dwykaselachus was named based on Dwyka Group, the group of sedimentary geological formation in the southeastern part of Africa. It represents the place where the type species Dwykaselachus oosthuizeni was found.
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The shifting dynamics of this relationship are demonstrated by the corresponding improvement of various symbiotic characteristics in both Mimosa pudica and bacteria. These traits include enhanced "competitive nodulation, nodule development, intracellular infection, and bacteroid persistence". As much as 60% of the nitrogen found in Mimosa pudica can be attributed to the fixation of N2 by bacteria. Burkholderia phymatum STM815T and Cupriavidus taiwanensis LMG19424T are beta-rhizobial strains of diazotrophs that are highly effective at fixing nitrogen when coupled with M. pudica.
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This is a special form of cast and mold formation. If the chemistry is right, the organism (or fragment of organism) can act as a nucleus for the precipitation of minerals such as siderite, resulting in a nodule forming around it. If this happens rapidly before significant decay to the organic tissue, very fine three-dimensional morphological detail can be preserved. Nodules from the Carboniferous Mazon Creek fossil beds of Illinois, USA, are among the best documented examples of such mineralization.
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Treatment for rheumatoid nodules may be tricky as some treatments for rheumatoid arthritis can act against the nodules. Common drug therapies for rheumatoid arthritis may show no benefits towards the treatment for rheumatoid nodules. Common drug therapies, such as anti TNF treatment or other immunosuppressive drugs, for rheumatoid arthritis has shown little effect on the nodules. In fact, it has been shown that Methotrexate, a drug often used in rheumatoid arthritis, is actually correlated with the increased risk of nodule formation.
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The packaged inoculant could therefore be used successfully only in plants of the particular group corresponding to this bacterial species. Thus, if a farmer had crops of clover, alfalfa, and soybeans, he would have to use three separate inoculants. The patentee discovered that there are strains of each species of root nodule bacteria which do not exert a mutually inhibitive effect on each other. Thus, he was able to provide a mixed culture of Rhizobia capable of inoculating plants belonging to several groups.
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Primary colonic EMZL, also termed primary colonic MALT lymphoma, usually presents at an early stage of disease with evidence of lower GI tract bleeding (e.g. tarry bowel movements and/or iron deficiency anemia), less commonly with lower abdominal pain, and rarely with bowel perforation or intussusception. Endoscopic examination most often reveals a single polyp or rarely multiple polyps, a mucosal ulcer, or a mucosal nodule. Diagnosis is passed on biopsy of the lesions showing a histology typical of EMZL, e.g.
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Thyroid surgery is performed for a variety of reasons. A nodule or lobe of the thyroid is sometimes removed for biopsy or because of the presence of an autonomously functioning adenoma causing hyperthyroidism. A large majority of the thyroid may be removed (subtotal thyroidectomy) to treat the hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease, or to remove a goiter that is unsightly or impinges on vital structures. A complete thyroidectomy of the entire thyroid, including associated lymph nodes, is the preferred treatment for thyroid cancer.
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The type specimen was discovered in 1868 near Grandpré, Ardennes, France, and collected by M. F. L. Cornet. It was found in a phosphatic nodule in greensand deposits of Albian age. The species was originally described by Paul Pelseneer in an 1886 article in the Bulletin du Musée royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, entitled "" ("Report of a crustacean from the green sands of Grandpré"). The specific epithet commemorates Professor Pierre-Joseph van Beneden, who donated the specimen to Pelseneer for study.
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This influences microbial activities like the inter-conversion of various nitrogen species, the release of ammonia from organic matter in the soil and the fixation of nitrogen by non-nodule-forming bacteria. Ammonium ions are absorbed by the plant via ammonia transporters. Nitrate is taken up by several nitrate transporters that use a proton gradient to power the transport. Nitrogen is transported from the root to the shoot via the xylem in the form of nitrate, dissolved ammonia and amino acids.
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Root hairs form an important surface as they are needed to absorb most of the water and nutrients needed for the plant. They are also directly involved in the formation of root nodules in legume plants. The root hairs curl around the bacteria which allows for the formation of an infection thread through into the dividing cortical cells to form the nodule. Having a large surface area, the active uptake of water and minerals through root hairs is highly efficient.
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The nodule was then replaced with grafting of the transplanted skin. The findings were as follows. > “The surgical specimen showed a lobular proliferation of tumour cells with > glandular differentiation associated with a few mitotic cells, embedded in a > mucinous stroma. Immunohistochemistry showed that the majority of tumour > cells were positive for PAS diastase, toluidine blue, cytokeratins (CAM5.2, > CK7), S-100 protein and GCDFP-15.” Although some abnormal tumours cells were present, the recorded findings the man was diagnosed with chondroid syringoma.
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Blunting can be related to a small amount of fluid in the pleural space or to pleural thickening and, by itself, is a non-specific finding (except in children, when even minor blunting may suggest active TB). In contrast a large pleural effusion, or the presence of a significant amount of fluid in the pleural space, may be a sign of active TB at any age. #Solitary calcified nodules or granuloma - Discrete calcified nodule or granuloma, or calcified lymph node.
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Radiologic examination may reveal an alveolar hemorrhage with the appearance of a nodule. Serum tests may show positive results for galactomannan and beta-D-glucan which are both the cell wall materials for A. candidus. Although these may provide strong evidence for invasive aspergillosis, false positive results are also common because many other fungal pathogens also show similar symptoms test results. If the invasive aspergillosis is kept untreated, the disease can spread from the lungs to any of the organs in the body.
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An obsidian prismatic blade fragment from the Maya site of Chunchucmil Due to its glassy internal structure, obsidian is relatively easy to work, as it breaks in very predictable and controlled ways via conchoidal fracturing. This contributed to its prolific use throughout Mesoamerica. It is obtained by either quarrying source sites or in nodule form from riverbeds or fractured outcrops. Following the removal of cortex (when applicable), bifacial, unifacial, and expedient flake stone tools could be produced through lithic reduction.
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Mythunga is known from a partial skull, holotype QM F18896 found in April 1991 by Philip Gilmore in marine rocks of the late Albian-age Toolebuc Formation at Dunluce Station west of Hughenden, Queensland. Only the middle snout and corresponding parts of the lower jaws are known, including the rear of a left premaxilla, the lower parts of both maxillae, the rear dentaries and a right splenial. They were three-dimensionally preserved, associated in a chalk nodule. It represents a subadult individual.
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The CLB system is the preferred method of nodule collection. It operates much like a conveyor-belt, running from the sea floor to the surface of the ocean where a ship or mining platform extracts the desired minerals, and returns the tailings to the ocean. Hydraulic suction mining lowers a pipe to the seafloor which transfers nodules up to the mining ship. Another pipe from the ship to the seafloor returns the tailings to the area of the mining site.
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A tubercle is generally a wart-like projection, but it has slightly different meaning depending on which family of plants or animals it is used to refer to. In the case of certain orchids and cacti, it denotes a round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on the lip. They are also known as podaria (singular podarium). When referring to some members of the pea family, it is used to refer to the wart-like excrescences that are found on the roots.
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A case of Coats' disease, showing total retinal detachment with subretinal exudate containing cholesterol crystals and a fibrous nodule in the posterior pole.Grossly, retinal detachment and yellowish subretinal exudate containing cholesterol crystals are commonly seen. A case of Coats' disease, showing total exudative retinal detachment, and subretinal exudate containing cholesterol crystals (H&E;).Microscopically, the wall of retinal vessels may be thickened in some cases, while in other cases the wall may be thinned with irregular dilatation of the lumen.
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Similar to immune reactions against antigens from bacteria or viruses, the abscopal effect requires priming of immune cells against tumor antigens. Local irradiation of a tumor nodule may lead to immunogenic forms of tumor cell death and liberation of tumor cell-derived antigens. These antigens can be recognized and processed by antigen-presenting cells within the tumor (dendritic cells and macrophages). Cytotoxic T cells which recognize these tumor antigens may in turn be primed by the tumor antigen-presenting cells.
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Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is an inflammatory lung disease of unknown cause. It is a severe, progressive form of bronchiolitis, an inflammatory condition of the bronchioles (small air passages in the lungs). The term diffuse signifies that lesions appear throughout both lungs, while panbronchiolitis refers to inflammation found in all layers of the respiratory bronchioles (those involved in gas exchange). DPB causes severe inflammation and nodule-like lesions of terminal bronchioles, chronic sinusitis, and intense coughing with large amounts of sputum production.
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The inflammatory effects of crystalline silica are apparently mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome. Characteristic lung tissue pathology in nodular silicosis consists of fibrotic nodules with concentric "onion-skinned" arrangement of collagen fibers, central hyalinization, and a cellular peripheral zone, with lightly birefringent particles seen under polarized light. The silicotic nodule represents a specific tissue response to crystalline silica. In acute silicosis, microscopic pathology shows a periodic acid-Schiff positive alveolar exudate (alveolar lipoproteinosis) and a cellular infiltrate of the alveolar walls.
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Sinter plants agglomerate iron ore fines (dust) with other fine materials at high temperature, to create a product that can be used in a blast furnace. The final product, a sinter, is a small, irregular nodule of iron mixed with small amounts of other minerals. The process, called sintering, causes the constituent materials to fuse to make a single porous mass with little change in the chemical properties of the ingredients. The purpose of sinter are to be used converting iron into steel.
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Neurothekeoma histology slide Neurothekeoma is a benign cutaneous tumor first described by Gallager and Helwig, who proposed the term in order to reflect the presumed origin of the lesion from nerve sheath. Microscopically, the lesions described closely resembled the tumor, "nerve sheath myxoma", an entity first described by Harkin and Reed. The latter had, through the years, been variously described as "Bizarre cutaneous neurofibroma", "Myxoma of nerve sheath", and "Pacinian neurofibroma". Clinically, neurothekeomas present as a solitary nodule of the skin.
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Incidentally detected thyroid carcinomas are more likely to be papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) (Fig. 3). Incidentally detected cancers tend to be smaller in size and less likely to have distant metastasis, as compared to clinically suspected thyroid cancers. Fig. 3. An incidental PTC in a 62-year-old male patient with lymphoma. a, b Enhanced axial CT scan and fused PET/CT scan of the neck demonstrate a well-defined, hypodense right thyroid nodule (white arrow) with high FDG uptake.
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The holotype of Margaretbarromyces is a lone ascoma like fruiting body 390 μm in diameter by 420 μm in height in bark of an unidentified seed plant, which was transported by water before preservation in a calcareous nodule. The ascoma is composed of high branching and complex anastomosed hyphae. The interior chamber of the ascoma, filled with calcite, preserves several asci and a number of ascospores. Though the asci are faint the groupings of ascospores are well preserved showing the placement of the asci to be basal.
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Each ascospore is between 55-90 μm and dictyosporous. The specimen was studied by cutting the calcareous nodule into slices with a rock saw and using the cellulose acetate peel technique to create slides that were examined under stereo microscope. With its distinct basal asci placement and dictyosporous ascospores, combined with the ascoma growing within existing tissues, Margaretbarromyces distinct from known genera. Though several other fungal orders have some similar characters the particular grouping found in Margaretbarromyces is closest to members of the Pleosporales.
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The specimen was studied by cutting the calcareous nodule into slices with a rock saw and using the cellulose acetate peel technique to create slides that were examined under stereo microscope. Though a number of polypore fungi groups Appianoporites is placed in Hymenochaetaceae based on the structure of the poroid hymenophore, the presence of setae and monomitic hyphal system lacking clamp connections. This placement is tentative due to limited characters available in the fossil including the lack of diagnostic features such as the basidiospores.
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Nod factors trigger a series of complex developmental changes inside the root hair, beginning with root hair curling and followed by the formation of the infection thread, a cellulose lined tube that the bacteria use to travel down through the root hair into the root cells. The bacteria then infect several other adjacent root cells. This is followed by continuous cell proliferation resulting in the formation of the root nodule. A second mechanism, used especially by rhizobia which infect aquatic hosts, is called crack entry.
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In return, the plant supplies the bacteria with carbohydrates in the form of organic acids. The plant also provides the bacteroid oxygen for cellular respiration, tightly bound by leghaemoglobins, plant proteins similar to human hemoglobins. This process keeps the nodule oxygen poor in order to prevent the inhibition of nitrogenase activity. Recently, a Bradyrhizobium strain was discovered to form nodules in Aeschynomene without producing nod factors, suggesting the existence of alternative communication signals other than nod factors, possibly involving the secretion of the plant hormone cytokinin.
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A lymph node is divided into compartments called nodules (or lobules), each consisting of a region of cortex with combined follicle B cells, a paracortex of T cells, and a part of the nodule in the medulla. The substance of a lymph node is divided into the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The cortex of a lymph node is the outer portion of the node, underneath the capsule and the subcapsular sinus. It has an outer part and a deeper part known as the paracortex.
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The specimen was extracted from an unknown locality in the Lower Sakamena Formation, an Upper Permian geological formation in Madagascar. The Sakamena Formation was formed by coastal rift valleys, and can be characterized by a diverse assortment of aquatic, semiaquatic, and terrestrial animals, including many early diapsids. The Acerosodontosaurus specimen is a partial skeleton preserved as a compression fossil within a sandstone nodule. The skeleton is mostly but not entirely articulated, preserving most of the trunk, right forelimb, and small portions of the left forelimb and hindlimbs.
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The corresponding unconformity, which exists only in the western Pyrenees, belongs to an early deformation phase of the Variscan orogeny (Breton Phase). Only in the western Pyrenees is the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) distinguished from the Devonian sediments by an unconformity, starting off marine with a transgressive quartz–pebble bed. Anywhere else, the Supragriotte limestones are conformably overlain by pre- orogenic sediments that begin with the Lower Cherts of the Tournaisian. The Lower Cherts comprise 50 m of black, phosphate nodule-bearing cherts interlayered with black shales.
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Early squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung (generally as squamous- cell carcinoma in situ) is asymptomatic and may only appear as an incidental imaging finding on CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging as a lung nodule. Eventually, it becomes symptomatic, usually when the tumor mass begins to obstruct the lumen of a major bronchus, often producing distal atelectasis and infection. Cytopathology may detect atypical cells from cytologic smear test of sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, or samples from endobronchial brushings. Histopathology requires at least a lung biopsy.
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Dawson presented the toad to the Brighton and Hove Natural History and Philosophical Society on 18 April 1901, claiming that two workmen had found the flint nodule in a quarry north-east of Lewes a couple of years earlier, which revealed a toad inside when they broke it open. The toad was eventually passed on to the Booth Museum of Natural History in Brighton via Henry Willett. However, the toad has since shrunk, suggesting that it cannot have been very old at the time of its discovery.
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The mudstones and siltstones, measuring approximately 3 m thick in most outcrops and exposures, frequently contain calcareous or micritic nodule horizons and rhizocretions. Sheet-type single-storied channel sandstones are also found, the lower portion of the biozone often containing fining upward sequences. Calcium carbonate precipitation crusts and gypsum “desert rose” crystals have been uncovered in the sandstone layers. The preserved rocks show that the depositional environment of this biozone was formed in a lacustrine and overbank environment, which flowed northwards in long, meandering rivers.
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Even application on lateral roots caused curling. This demonstrated that it is the nod factor itself, not the bacterium that causes the stimulation of the curling. When the nod factor is sensed by the root, a number of biochemical and morphological changes happen: cell division is triggered in the root to create the nodule, and the root hair growth is redirected to curl around the bacteria multiple times until it fully encapsulates one or more bacteria. The bacteria encapsulated divide multiple times, forming a microcolony.
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In 1989 the concept was applied to the similar structure found in the nitrogen-fixing root nodules of certain plants. The symbiosome in the root nodules has been much more successfully researched due in part to the complexity of isolating the symbiosome membrane in animal hosts. The symbiosome in a root nodule cell in a plant is an organelle-like structure that has formed in a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The plant symbiosome is unique to those plants that produce root nodules.
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Rising demand for precious metals in Japan, China, Korea and India has pushed these countries in search of new sources. Interest has recently shifted toward hydrothermal vents as the source of metals instead of scattered nodules. The trend of transition towards an electricity-based information and transportation infrastructure currently seen in western societies further pushes demands for precious metals. The current revived interest in phosphorus nodule mining at the seafloor stems from phosphor-based artificial fertilizers being of significant importance for world food production.
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Spondylerpeton is an extinct genus of tetrapod closely related to "Cricotus" (Archeria) in the family Archeriidae. This genus is known from fragmentary remains, namely a short series of tail vertebrae preserved in an ironstone nodule. These remains were found in the Mazon Creek beds of Illinois, an area famed for its preservation of Carboniferous plants and animals. Spondylerpeton individuals were probably about three to four feet in length, by far the largest animals known to have inhabited the Mazon Creek area during this era.
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The exact mechanism is unknown, however there appears to be a component of abnormal corneal endothelium that proliferates onto the iris forming a membrane that then obstructs the trabecular meshwork, leading to iris distortion [1,2]. Nodule formation can also occur when the abnormal corneal endothelium causes contractions around the iris stroma [1]. Herpesvirus DNA has been identified in some patients following keratoplasty, suggesting the possibility that herpes simplex virus may induce the abnormal endotheliazation in the anterior chamber angle and on the surface of the iris [2,3,5].
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Podoconiosis causes bilateral yet asymmetrical leg swelling with overlying firm nodules. Early on, symptoms may include itching, tingling, widening of the forefoot, and swelling which then progress to soft edema, skin fibrosis, papillomatosis, and nodule formation resembling moss, giving rise to the disease's alternate name of "mossy foot" in some regions of the world. As with other forms of tropical lymphedema, chronic disease can lead to rigid toes, ulceration, and bacterial superinfection. During acute episodes of adenolymphangitis, patients may develops fevers, extremity warmth, redness, and pain.
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Solitary thyroid nodules are more common in females yet more worrisome in males. Other associations with neoplastic nodules are family history of thyroid cancer and prior radiation to the head and neck. Most common cause of solitary thyroid nodule is benign colloid nodules and second most common cause is follicular adenoma.Schwartz 7th/e page 1679,1678 Radiation exposure to the head and neck may be for historic indications such as tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy, "enlarged thymus", acne vulgaris, or current indications such as Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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The number and the rate of births in Japan ; The First Baby Boom In Japan, the first baby boom occurred between 1947 and 1949. The number of births in the past three years exceeds 2.5 million every year, bringing the total number of births to about 8 million. The 2.69 million births in 1949 are the largest ever in postwar statistics. The people born in this period is called the "baby boom generation" (団塊の世代, dankai no sedai, means "the generation of nodule").
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The typical rheumatoid nodule may be a few millimetres to a few centimetres in diameter and is usually found over bony prominences, such as the elbow, the heel, the knuckles, or other areas that sustain repeated mechanical stress. Nodules are associated with a positive RF (rheumatoid factor) titer, ACPA, and severe erosive arthritis. Rarely, these can occur in internal organs or at diverse sites on the body. Several forms of vasculitis occur in RA, but are mostly seen with long-standing and untreated disease.
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Practitioners do not agree on what constitutes a trigger point, but the assessment typically considers symptoms, pain patterns and manual palpation. Usually there is a taut band in muscles containing trigger points, and a hard nodule can be felt. Often a twitch response can be felt in the muscle by running your finger perpendicular to the muscle's direction; this twitch response often activates the "all or nothing" response in a muscle that causes it to contract. Pressing on an affected muscle can often refer pain.
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Dwykaselachus was first discovered in the 1980, in a nodule of sediments from the Karoo Supergroup by an amateur paleontologist called Roy Oosthuizen. The discovery of Dwykaselachus reveals the origins of Chimaeras, also called ghost sharks, a species live in deep ocean. Chimaeras reliant on cartilage, which doesn't preserve as well as bone, therefore, there’re not enough fossil record to study for this species. Thus, chimaeras are unusual throughout the long span of their fossil records, therefore, it is difficult to understand the origin of this species.
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One of Lepra's core activities is the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy. When a doctor, health worker or health volunteer suspects someone has leprosy, Lepra will test skin sensations to determine whether the person can feel their skin being touched with cotton wool, feather or a ballpoint. Another way to determine leprosy infection is by taking a skin smear from a nodule on the skin. The skin smear is only positive, however, if many leprosy bacilli are present, meaning that the patient is heavily infected.
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Rodolfo Robles (1878–1939) was a Guatemalan physician and philanthropist. In 1915, he was the first to describe onchocerciasis in Latin America, which was known and widespread on the African continent and first described in 1890 by Sir Patrick Manson.Who named it Robles was the first person to describe the etiology of the disease, correctly attributing it to infection with Onchocerca volvulus parasites. He discerned the etiology from clinical observations among coffee plantation workers in Guatemala, extracting the parasitic worm from a nodule on a child's face.
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Near the siphonal canal these become narrower and cord-like and the channels wider, diminishing again toward the end of the canal. The spiral sculpture does not nodulate the ribs, but is minutely crenulated on the eminences by fine, even, incremental lines. The aperture is short, wide, with a deep rounded anal sulcus next the suture, a thin and much produced outer lip, a short, slightly recurved, flaring siphonal canal. The arcuate columella is callous, white and smooth, with a conspicuous nodule on the body between the sulcus and the suture.
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A chest x-ray (radiograph) is often the first imaging test performed when a person presents with cough or chest pain, particularly in the primary care setting. A chest radiograph may detect a lung nodule/mass that is suggestive of cancer, although sensitivity and specificity are limited. CT imaging provides better evaluation of the lungs, with higher sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer compared to chest radiograph (although still significant false positive rate). Computed tomography (CT) that is specifically aimed at evaluating lung cancer includes the chest and the upper abdomen.
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Through X-ray microtomography imaging, researchers have been able to observe in detail the structure of the respiratory organs of the only known specimen of A. pyrrhae. A phosphate nodule on the ventral side of the animal is split in a manner in which the branchial chamber (gill tract) is visible. This uncovers four pairs of book gills (external gills arranged like the pages of a book), although they were probably five, as in xiphosurans. These are oriented horizontally and all of them but the ones from the sixth segment are fragmentary.
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A rheumatoid nodule is a lump of tissue, or an area of swelling, that appear on the exterior of the skin usually around the olecranon (tip of the elbow) or the interphalangeal joints (finger knuckles), but can appear in other areas. There are four different types of rheumatoid nodules: subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules, cardiac nodules, pulmonary nodules, and central nervous systems nodules. These nodules occur almost exclusively in association with rheumatoid arthritis. Very rarely do rheumatoid nodules occur as rheumatoid nodulosis (multiple nodules on the hands or other areas) in the absence of rheumatoid arthritis.
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In a 1984 study done on lung biopsies in rheumatoid arthritis, the reported prevalence was about 32% in a sample size of 40 individuals. However, another clinical study utilizing a different method of detection; plain film radiographs of the chest; showed that only 2 out of 516 people (~0.4%) diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis developed pulmonary nodules. Additionally, other clinical studies have reported increased pulmonary nodule growth following treatments with methotrexate, leflunomide, and etanercept. Central nervous system nodules Like cardiac nodules, nodules developing in the central nervous system is also relatively rare.
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While commonly referred to as "dancer's tendinitis," FHL tendinitis occurs commonly in ballet dancers, gymnasts, and runners. Due to their excessive use of toe flexion, which results in ten times their body weight being applied to this small muscle and tendon, inflammation and irritation is common at the site of the sustenaculum tali. Hallux saltans is a condition that develops as a result of overusing the FHL muscle. With this condition, a nodule develops along the FHL tendon which may produce a popping effect during contraction because it drags along surrounding tissues.
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An isolated lower jaw and foot bones were also initially referred to Lewisuchus, but these were later identified as belong to proterochampsids. This is also likely true of an astragalus found alongside the skeleton. Alfred Romer named Lewisuchus as a new genus in 1972, based on the partial skeleton which at that point was stored at the Museo de La Plata with catalogue number 64-XI-14-14. The generic name honored Arnold D. Lewis, the chief preparator who discovered the skeleton while working on the recovered nodule.
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In radiology, the halo sign is a finding of a dark halo around the arterial lumen on ultrasound that suggests the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. The standard diagnostic test for temporal arteritis is biopsy; however, ultrasound and MRI show promise for replacing it. The halo sign of temporal arteritis should not be confused with Deuel's halo sign, which is a sign of fetal death. The halo sign is also understood as a region of ground-glass attenuation surrounding a pulmonary nodule on an X-ray computed tomography (CT scan) of the chest.
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The fossil was discovered by local farmers in a limestone nodule during the 1990s in Ricaurte, northeast of Villa de Leyva. The exact site of the find is unknown, however the rock matrix in which the fossil was located contains ammonite fossils bellowing to the species Gerhardtia galeatoides and Lytoceras sp., that allow the establishment of their origin in the middle Paja Formation which has been placed in the late Barremian, around 130 million years old. The fossil consists of vertebrae from the torso, sacrum and tail: all presumed to be from one individual.
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At the base of the sandstone is a thin gravelly bed that includes concretionary nodules of phosphate and iron of which detached nodules may be found around the cliff base.CARTER, A. Phosphatic nodule beds in Victoria and the late Miocene–Pliocene eustatic event. Nature 276, 258–259 (1978) doi:10.1038/276258a0 The Monocline can be seen where the cliffs of Beaumaris are locally parallel to the turnover of the monocline, which forms a drainage divide between the Gardners Creek-Dandenong Creeks systems and the Carrum Swamp.King, P.R., Cochrane, R.M. & Cooney, A.M. (1987).
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Thalassina anomala - Fossil Fossils of Thalassina are encountered "in countless numbers", and extend back as far as the Miocene. They are generally preserved in a hard phosphatic nodule which is believed to be the animal's moulting position. Storms may trap the animals in their burrows, and the mineral-rich nature of the sediments leads to very rapid fossilisation. The presence of Thalassina, together with other warm-water species in the Miocene of Japan (outside the current range of the species) is taken as confirmation of a period of increased temperatures .
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MACs usually present as a smooth, flesh or yellow colored, slow-glowing nodule or bump somewhere on the face or neck with typical development being 3–5 years. The most common location is the mouth (occurring in 74% of cases), however cases have been documented on the scalp, tongue, trunk, upper extremities, and genitals. Patients are more likely to be white, female, and middle aged or elderly, although cases have been documented in children. Although usually presenting with no visual or physical symptoms, some patients do experience numbness, paresthesia, or tingling.
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Small spot on the left arm is Merkel-cell cancer Merkel-cell carcinoma. Gross pathology specimen Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) usually presents as a firm nodule (up to 2 cm diameter) or mass (>2 cm diameter). These flesh-colored, red, or blue tumors typically vary in size from 0.5 cm (less than one-quarter of an inch) to more than 5 cm (2 inches) in diameter and may enlarge rapidly. Tumors can present as painless, tender or itchy, and other MCC manifestations as papules or plaques have also been reported.
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Known skull elements of Irritator as interpreted by paleontologist Jaime A. Headden; the snout tip is from the Angaturama specimen. Angaturama limai, another spinosaurid from the same time and place as Irritator challengeri, was described by the Brazilian paleontologists Alexander W. A. Kellner and Diogenes de Almeida Campos in February 1996. Kept today under specimen number USP GP/2T-5 at the University of São Paulo, the holotype specimen consists of an isolated snout tip from the Romualdo Formation. It was extracted from a calcareous nodule using a technique originally developed for pterosaur fossils.
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The insecticides DDT, methyl parathion, and especially pentachlorophenol have been shown to interfere with legume-rhizobium chemical signaling. Reduction of this symbiotic chemical signaling results in reduced nitrogen fixation and thus reduced crop yields. Root nodule formation in these plants saves the world economy $10 billion in synthetic nitrogen fertilizer every year. Pesticides can kill bees and are strongly implicated in pollinator decline, the loss of species that pollinate plants, including through the mechanism of Colony Collapse Disorder, in which worker bees from a beehive or western honey bee colony abruptly disappear.
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A 34-year- old female was admitted with a slowly growing nodular lesion at the left nasolabial region for three years. (Tural, Selçukbiricik, Günver, Karışmaz, and Serdengecti, 2013) Written by Tural Selçukbiricik, Günver, Karışmaz, and Serdengecti, this report investigates the case of a slow growing bump on the face of a thirty-four-year-old woman. After undergoing an excisional biopsy, it was revealed that the nodule had developed into neurofibroma. Originally the patient had undergone excision however she sustained recurrence in under a year of the surgery.
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The legume benefits from a new supply of usable nitrogen from the rhizobia, and the rhizobia benefits from organic acid energy sources from the plant as well as the protection provided by the root nodule. Since the rhizobia live within the legume, this is an example of endosymbiosis, and since both the bacteria and the plant can survive independently, it is also an example of facultative symbiosis. Lichens are another example of mutualism. Lichens consist of a fungus (the mycobiont) and a photosynthetic partner (the photobiont), which is usually a green alga or a cyanobacteria.
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Most research suggests that the parasite and the host are compatible and able to coexist over a time period of many years. D. tenuis is not compatible with a human host, so it dies much more quickly, living only a few months. During this time, a lump or nodule will form where the worm is located. This most commonly occurs near the site of the mosquito bite, but can also be much farther away. D. tenuis may migrate using the host’s blood, leaving the worm anywhere in the body, even the conjunctiva of the eye.
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The symbiosome is formed as a result of an endocytosis-like process that produces an endosome. Typically endosomes target to lysosomes, but the symbiosome re-targets the host-cell proteins. The changes in the plant needed to form the infection thread, the increased division of the cortical cells, the formation of the root nodule, and symbiosome, are brought about by dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton. Filamentous actin (F-actin) channels the elongation of the injection threads and short F-actin fragments are dotted around the symbiosome membrane.
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He received his second nodule surgery in early July (his first being in May 2005). Following his recovery, From First to Last went out on the "World Championship Tour" supporting Atreyu along with Every Time I Die and Chiodos. While on that tour, Moore once again had vocal cord problems and had to leave the tour. The band had planned to have guitarists Good and Richter cover Moore's vocal duties for the duration of the tour until singer of Chiodos, Craig Owens, insisted that he provide lead vocals for their sets.
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Like many other mushrooms, L. indigo develops from a nodule, that forms within the underground mycelium, a mass of threadlike fungal cells called hyphae that make up the bulk of the organism. Under appropriate environmental conditions of temperature, humidity, and nutrient availability, the visible reproductive structures (fruit bodies) are formed. The cap of the fruit body, measuring between in diameter, is initially convex and later develops a central depression; in age it becomes even more deeply depressed, becoming somewhat funnel-shaped as the edge of the cap lifts upward.Hesler and Smith (1979), p. 27.
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Abyssomedon is known solely from the holotype BMRP 2008 33a, a partial skeleton housed at the Burpee Museum of Natural History at Rockford, Illinois. The specimen consists of a semi-articulated partial skull and disarticulated but associated postcranial remains. BMRP 2008 33a was discovered in 2008 in a claystone and conglomerate nodule found at Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (OMNH) Locality V51. This site, known as Richards Spur, is located just west of U.S. Highways 62 & 281, 10.5 miles south of Apache and 6 miles north of Fort Sill, of Comanche County, Oklahoma.
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A flint axe was a Flint tool used during prehistoric times to perform a variety of tasks. These were at first just a cut piece of flint stone used as a hand axe but later wooden handles were attached to these axe heads. The stone exhibits a glass-like fracture similar to obsidian, and can be knapped to form large blades. The offcuts were sharp enough to be used a small flint knives, while the larger parts of a knapped nodule could be polished to form an axe-head.
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In the 1960s the prospect of deep-sea mining was brought up by the publication of J. L. Mero's Mineral Resources of the Sea. The book claimed that nearly limitless supplies of cobalt, nickel and other metals could be found throughout the planet's oceans. Mero stated that these metals occurred in deposits of manganese nodules, which appear as lumps of compressed flowers on the seafloor at depths of about 5,000 m. Some nations including France, Germany and the United States sent out research vessels in search of nodule deposits.
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Mining claims registered with the International Seabed Authority (ISA) are mostly located in the CCFZ, most commonly in the manganese nodule province. The world's first "large-scale" mining of hydrothermal vent mineral deposits was carried out by Japan in August - September, 2017. Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) carried out this operation using the Research Vessel Hakurei. This mining was carried out at the 'Izena hole/cauldron' vent field within the hydrothermally active back-arc basin known as the Okinawa Trough which contains 15 confirmed vent fields according to the InterRidge Vents Database.
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In February 2012, following a doctor's visit, vocalist Kyo was diagnosed with vocal nodule dysphonia, leading to Dir En Grey pulling out of the North American The Still Reckless Tour consisting of Asking Alexandria, Trivium, Motionless in White, and I See Stars. Although Kyo had been hospitalized before in 2006 and 2009 for vocal inflammation, he had not required surgery until this time. Kyo later stated that his condition was treated with medication. On August 11, 2012, Dir En Grey won the Extreme Metal Olympics organized by Loudwire.
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Amanita jacksonii buttons emerging from their universal veils gills of Lactarius indigo, a milk-cap mushroom A mushroom develops from a nodule, or pinhead, less than two millimeters in diameter, called a primordium, which is typically found on or near the surface of the substrate. It is formed within the mycelium, the mass of threadlike hyphae that make up the fungus. The primordium enlarges into a roundish structure of interwoven hyphae roughly resembling an egg, called a "button". The button has a cottony roll of mycelium, the universal veil, that surrounds the developing fruit body.
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In either circumstance, inflammation in DPB can be so severe that nodules containing inflammatory cells form in the walls of the bronchioles. The presence of inflammation and infection in the airways also results in the production of excess mucus, which must be coughed up as sputum. The combination of inflammation, nodule development, infection, mucus, and frequent cough contributes to the breathing difficulties in DPB. The fact that inflammation in DPB persists with or without the presence of P. aeruginosa and H. influenzae provides a means to determine several mechanisms of DPB pathogenesis.
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The activity of soybean FLbR was 90% in the nodule cytosol and 10% in the bacteroids. NADH was the best reductant for soybean FLbR, although NADPH also functioned at rates that were three-fold less than NADH. These investigations by Klucas and collaborators also showed that the oxidation of NADH and reduction of Lb3+ was undetectable when O2 was removed from the reaction system, but all were restored upon re-addition of O2, which indicated that the FLbR activity is O2-dependent. thumb thumb thumb _Soybean and other legume ferric leghemoglobin reductases.
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The amino acid sequence of soybean FLbR contains a 30-residue signal peptide for translocation into the mitochondria as well as conserved regions for the FAD-binding site, NAD(P)H-binding site and disulfide active site characteristic of pea DLDH and other enzymes in the family of the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductases.Ji L., Wood S., Becana M.,Klucas R. V., Purification and characterization of soybean root nodule ferric leghemoglobin reductase, Plant Physiol., 96 (1991) 32-37. The soybean genome contains at least two copies (named flbr1 and flbr2) of the flbr gene.
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Beyond normal pathologies, scientists have discovered some abnormal characteristics of astroblastoma in a variety of patients. The presence of a bulky calcification with punctate (pointed) and globular features was noted in a 2009 study of a 12-year-old girl. Computerized tomography confirmed these calcified masses in the posteroinferior region to the fourth ventricle just above the midline. The mass began at the brainstem, extended along the inferior cerebellar peduncle to roof areas against the ventricles through the nodule of vermis, easily detected against normal grey matter surrounding it.
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Thyroid disorders are common and tend to have non-specific appearances on CT scans. Commonly encountered findings when evaluating a CT scan of the neck include thyroid nodules, glandular enlargement, and calcifications. Management of ITNs depends on several factors including nodule size, patient's age, overall health status, and the presence or absence of suspicious features such as lymphadenopathy and/or invasion of adjacent structures. A CT scan provides additional important information regarding the local extension of cancer or presence of mass effect, and is useful in evaluating recurrent disease.
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Unweathered sections of the Gogo Formation are made of siltstone, shale and calcarenite with numerous limestone concretions. These concretions are resistant to weathering, producing extensive nodule fields on the ground in areas where the surrounding rock has eroded away. The Gogo sediments represent deep, hypoxic seafloor deposits in the vicinity of a large tropical reef composed primarily of algae and stromatoporoids during the Frasnian faunal stage of the Late Devonian. Associated stratigraphic units which comprise this ancient reef system are the Windjana Formation (the actual reef structures), Pillara Limestone (reef platform) and the Sadler Formation (fore-reef deposits).
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A thunderegg from the Black Rock Desert in Nevada A thunderegg (or thunder egg) is a nodule-like rock, similar to a filled geode, that is formed within rhyolitic volcanic ash layers. Thundereggs are rough spheres, most about the size of a baseball—though they can range from a little more than a centimeter to over a meter across. They usually contain centres of chalcedony which may have been fractured followed by deposition of agate, jasper or opal, either uniquely or in combination. Also frequently encountered are quartz and gypsum crystals, as well as various other mineral growths and inclusions.
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Within a nodule, some of the bacteria differentiate into nitrogen fixing bacteroids, which have been found to be unable to reproduce. Therefore, with the development of a symbiotic relationship, if the host sanctions hypothesis is correct, the host sanctions must act toward whole nodules rather than individual bacteria because individual targeting sanctions would prevent any reproducing rhizobia from proliferating over time. This ability to reinforce a mutual relationship with host sanctions pushes the relationship toward a mutualism rather than a parasitism and is likely a contributing factor to why the symbiosis exists. However, other studies have found no evidence of plant sanctions.
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The boundary between the necrotic center and the outer fibrous shell is made up of the characteristic feature of the nodule, which is known as a cellular palisade. The palisade is a densely packed layer of macrophages and fibroblasts which tend to be arranged radially, like the seeds of a kiwifruit or fig. Further out into the fibrous shell there is a zone that contains T cells and plasma cells in association with blood vessels. The histology of pulmonary nodules are similar to that of subcutaneous nodules, with central necrosis surrounded by palisading macrophages and inflammatory infiltrate.
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Leptotene is followed by the zygotene stage, also known as zygonema, from Greek words meaning "paired threads", which in some organisms is also called the bouquet stage because of the way the telomeres cluster at one end of the nucleus. In this stage the homologous chromosomes become much more closely (~100 nm) and stably paired (a process called synapsis) mediated by the installation of the transverse and central elements of the synaptonemal complex. Synapsis is thought to occur in a zipper-like fashion starting from a recombination nodule. The paired chromosomes are called bivalent or tetrad chromosomes.
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Dupuytren's contracture of the right little finger. Arrow marks the area of scarring Typically, Dupuytren's contracture first presents as a thickening or nodule in the palm, which initially can be with or without pain. Page last reviewed: 29/05/2015 Later in the disease process, which can be years later, there is painless increasing loss of range of motion of the affected finger(s). The earliest sign of a contracture is a triangular “puckering” of the skin of the palm as it passes over the flexor tendon just before the flexor crease of the finger, at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint.
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Rarely, people develop a swollen nodule at the site of infection, which is called "Romaña's sign" if it is on the eyelid, or a "chagoma" if it is elsewhere on the skin. In rare cases (less than 1–5%), infected individuals develop severe acute disease, which can cause life-threatening fluid accumulation around the heart, or inflammation of the heart or brain and surrounding tissues. The acute phase typically lasts four to eight weeks and resolves without treatment. Unless they are treated with antiparasitic drugs, individuals remain chronically infected with after recovering from the acute phase.
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A normal radioiodine scan shows even uptake and activity throughout the gland. Irregular uptake can reflect an abnormally shaped or abnormally located gland, or it can indicate that a portion of the gland is overactive or underactive. For example, a nodule that is overactive ("hot") -- to the point of suppressing the activity of the rest of the gland—is usually a thyrotoxic adenoma, a surgically curable form of hyperthyroidism that is rarely malignant. In contrast, finding that a substantial section of the thyroid is inactive ("cold") may indicate an area of non-functioning tissue, such as thyroid cancer.
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Hepatic adenoma is usually detected by imaging, typically an ultrasound or CT, as a hyperenhancing liver nodule. Given that several liver tumors appear similarly on these imaging modalities, a multi-phase contrast-enhanced imaging study such as CT or MRI may be used to provide more information. The significance of making a specific diagnosis is that, unlike other benign liver tumors such as hemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenomas have a small but meaningful risk of progressing into a malignancy. Although imaging provides supportive information, a definitive diagnosis of hepatic adenoma requires biopsy of the tissue.
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Leninia is an extinct genus of basal ophthalmosaurine ichthyosaur known from the late Early Cretaceous (lower Aptian stage) of western Russia. Leninia was first named by Valentin Fischer, Maxim S. Arkhangelsky, Gleb N. Uspensky, Ilya M. Stenshin and Pascal Godefroit in 2013 and the type species is Leninia stellans. It was named for Vladimir Lenin, one of the leaders of the Communist Revolution in Russia, as the museum it is currently housed in is also named for him. The specimen was discovered in 2012, on the banks of the river Volga near the town of Kriushi in a limestone nodule.
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The chips with the holotype specimens, AMNH NJ-90Y and AMNH NJ-90Z, were first studied by a group of researchers consisting of David Hibbett and Michael Donoghue from Harvard University with David Grimaldi of the AMNH. Hibbett and colleagues published their 1997 type description in the American Journal of Botany. The generic epithet Archaeomarasmius is a combination of the Greek archaeo- meaning "ancient" and "Marasmius", a modern genus which it resembles. The specific epithet "leggetti" was coined by the authors in honor of J.J. Leggett and company, who first discovered the amber nodule and donated it to the AMNH.
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Legume crops include beans, peas, and soybeans. Within legume root nodules, nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3), which is then assimilated into amino acids (the building blocks of proteins), nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA as well as the important energy molecule ATP), and other cellular constituents such as vitamins, flavones, and hormones. Their ability to fix gaseous nitrogen makes legumes an ideal agricultural organism as their requirement for nitrogen fertilizer is reduced. Indeed, high nitrogen content blocks nodule development as there is no benefit for the plant of forming the symbiosis.
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Dupuytren's contracture is a deformity of the hand due to thickening and fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis and eventual contracture of the 4th and 5th digits. Presenting as a small hard nodule in the base of the ring finger, it tends to affect the ring and little finger as puckering and adherence of the palmar aponeurosis to the skin. Eventually the MCP and IP joints of the 4th and 5th digits become permanently flexed. This claw appearance can be distinguished from an ulnar claw in that the MCP is flexed in Dupuytren’s but hyperextended in ulnar nerve injuries.
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The fruit bodies of Pachykytospora species are resupinate- adnate or have stunted, nodule-like caps. The pore surface is white, pallid, brown or has pinkish-violet tinges, while the pores measure 2 to 5 per millimetre. The hyphal system is di- to trimitic: the generative hyphae are hyaline (translucent), thin-walled, and have clamp connections, while the skeletal hyphae are pale yellow, thick-walled, and have a lumen ranging from transparent to nearly solid; the binding hyphae are often indistinct, ranging from hyaline to pale yellow. Depending on the species, cystidia can be either present or absent.
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Risk factors of head and neck cancer include excessive drinking, and tobacco use (smoking or chewing). People who smoke one pack of cigarettes per day or more increase their chances of developing head and neck cancer by six-fold in comparison to non-smokers. Individuals in the habit of consuming at least 2 alcoholic beverages per day are 20 times more likely to develop head and neck cancer in comparison to non-drinkers. Some symptoms of head and neck cancer are soreness of the throat, difficulty in jaw movement or swallowing, and the presence of a nodule or lump.
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Obsidian hydration dating (OHD) is a geochemical method of determining age in either absolute or relative terms of an artifact made of obsidian. Obsidian is a volcanic glass that was used by prehistoric people as a raw material in the manufacture of stone tools such as projectile points, knives, or other cutting tools through knapping, or breaking off pieces in a controlled manner, such as pressure flaking. Obsidian obeys the property of mineral hydration, and absorbs water, when exposed to air, at well defined rate. When an unworked nodule of obsidian is initially fractured, there is typically less than 1% water present.
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In invertebrates, protein structures with the RGD-binding sequence assist in an array of different functions such as the repairing of wounds and cell adhesion. Integrin-like receptors are found in mollusk and have a part in the spreading of hemocytes to damaged locations in the cellular system. Studies that block the RGD-binding site of these integrin-like receptors indicate a reduction in hemocyte aggregation and spreading suggesting the RGD-binding site on integrin-like receptors is a necessary component in organismal immune response. Further support for this calm shows RGD-binding inhibition reduces nodule formation and encapsulation in invertebrate immune response.
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S. boulardii may contaminate intravascular catheters through hands of medical personnel involved in administering probiotic preparations of S. boulardii to patients. Systemic infection usually occurs in patients who have their immunity compromised due to severe illness (HIV/AIDS, leukemia, other forms of cancer) or certain medical procedures (bone marrow transplantation, abdominal surgery). A case was reported when a nodule was surgically excised from a lung of a man employed in baking business, and examination of the tissue revealed presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Inhalation of dry baking yeast powder is supposed to be the source of infection in this case.
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A similar pattern occurred in Finland where, after the arrival of the disease in 2008, there was a reduction in the number of European greenfinches, but only a small change in the number of common chaffinches. Common chaffinches can develop tumors on their feet and legs caused by the Fringilla coelebs papillomavirus. The size of the papillomas range from a small nodule on a digit to a large growth involving both the foot and the leg. The disease is uncommon: in a 1973 study undertaken in the Netherlands, of around 25,000 common chaffinches screened, only 330 bore papillomas.
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He was one of the first to draw attention to the high prevalence of the incidentally discovered thyroid nodules, "thyroid incidentalomas", and described steps in diagnosis and challenges in their management (Arch Int Med, 1995; Annals, 1997; Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America, 2000). Dr. Gharib in his Mayo Clinic Office, 2008 Publications, Lectures and Memberships Gharib co- edited the first evidence-based endocrinology textbook, originally published in 2003, with the fourth edition printed in 2020. In 2013, he and three colleagues edited and published the textbook Endocrinology: A Problem-Oriented Approach. In 2017 he published the book Thyroid Nodule.
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The presence and recruitment of osteoblasts, the “bone-forming” cells, are required for bone healing. Within 24 hours of implantation, in vitro testing has shown that the calcium and phosphorus ions released from the Bioglass precipitate back onto the particles as a calcium phosphate surface layer.3 This layer is similar to normal bone mineral, creating a surface that is more favorable to osteoblast attachment than other synthetic materials.8 Cultures with human primary osteoblasts have shown that bioactive glass stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts9, with calcified bone nodule formation on the material surfaces being observed as early as six days.
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Dirofilaria are important medical parasites, but diagnosis is unusual and is often only made after an infected person happens to have a chest X-ray following granuloma formation in the lung. The nodule itself may be large enough to resemble lung cancer on the X-ray, and requires a biopsy for a pathologic assessment. This has been shown to be the most significant medical consequence of human infection by the canine heartworm. Patients are infected with the parasite through the bite of an infected mosquito, which is the same mechanism that causes heartworm infection in dogs.
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Unlike other legumes, S. greggii is not known to form root nodule associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. It is argued that this species may be an example of an evolutionary anachronism, in which the range and renewal of the species is limited due to the extinction of the mammalian megafauna responsible for seed dispersal. Within this model, the scarification required to germinate the seeds would have occurred during the chewing and digestion of the fruit by a large mammal, who later passes the seed intact some distance from the original tree. Gambel quail eat the seeds.
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The metalloproteinase inhibitors (MPIs) can prevent unwanted proteolysis by denaturing their target proteases through non-competitive inhibition at an allosteric site. Five novel Lupinus albus MPIs were found and constitute the first reported protein inhibitors of metalloproteinases in plants and the first reported plant peptide inhibitors against a matrixin proteinase.Carrilho, D., Duarte, I., Francisco, R., Ricardo, C., & Duque- Magalhaes, M. (2009). Discovery of Novel Plant Peptides as Strong Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases. Protein & Peptide Letters, 16, 543-551. MtMMPL1, a Medicago truncatula nodulin gene identified by transcriptomics, is said to represent a novel and specific marker for root and nodule infection by Sinorhizobium meliloti.
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Throughout his career, Kyo has been hospitalized multiple times: once in 2000, due to hearing problems (remaining partially deaf in his left ear) and again in 2006 and 2009 with edema of larynx (inflamed vocal cords). In late 2011 to early 2012, Kyo had yet another problem with his throat and vocal cords. After being diagnosed with vocal nodule dysphonia, Dir En Grey was forced to pull out of the "Still Reckless" tour which was set to begin in March 2012. Although Kyo had been diagnosed and hospitalized many times, this time he faced the possibility of surgery.
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Tyler's music contains elements of country, rock, pop, blues and Celtic. Her voice has been likened to Rod Stewart and Kim Carnes as a result of her vocal cord nodule operation in the 1970s, sometimes even being referenced as "the female Rod Stewart", and, after her collaborations with Jim Steinman, "the female Meat Loaf". Soon after her operation, when recording her second album, Natural Force, the studio band complimented Tyler's changed voice. Reviewers from AllMusic have described Tyler's voice as "inimitable", "wonderfully gritty", and an "effective instrument" for drawing notice to her first managers, Ronnie Scott and Steve Wolfe.
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His main focuses were phytopathology, cecidogenesis (the forming of galls), non-pathogenic cancer growth, non-pathogenic nodule growth, facultative and obligatory nodosities (root deformations), mycotic causes of wilting of some fruit tree species, and the problem of early death of apricot trees. He was a knowledgeable expert in the research field of flaws of timber, especially the red heartwood core of beeches and the variegation of beech wood. Throughout his life, Paclt worked on various groups of hexapods. His main groups of interest were springtails, proturans, diplurans, jumping bristletails, silverfish, butterflies and moths, beetles and mayflies, of which he studied the morphology, taxonomy, systematics, ecology and zoogeography.
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An example of a horizontally transmitted symbiont with a high specificity recognition and acquisition method is the Rhizobia-Legume symbiosis. The establishment of the symbiosis begins with the aposymbiotic plant releasing flavinoids that are detected by a specific Rhizobium species and triggers the induction of nod genes in the bacterium. Nod factors, which are lipooligosaccharide signals, are released as a result of the expression of the nod genes and when detected by the host plant initiate root nodule formation which eventually trap the Rhizobia. The established symbiosis can be further contained in a symbiosome in which the Rhizobia symbionts reside and carry out the nitrogen-fixation.
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Erythema nodosum is due to inflammation of the underlying subcutaneous tissue, and is characterized by septal panniculitis. Pyoderma gangrenosum is a less common skin problem, occurring in under 2%, and is typically a painful ulcerating nodule. Crohn's disease also increases the risk of blood clots; painful swelling of the lower legs can be a sign of deep venous thrombosis, while difficulty breathing may be a result of pulmonary embolism. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, a condition in which the immune system attacks the red blood cells, is also more common in Crohn's disease and may cause fatigue, a pale appearance, and other symptoms common in anemia.
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In May 2000, Stewart was diagnosed with thyroid cancer, for which he underwent surgery in the same month. It had been previously reported he suffered from a benign vocal cord nodule. Besides being a major health scare, the resulting surgery also threatened his voice, and he had to re-learn how to sing. Since then he has been active in raising funds for The City of Hope Foundation charity to find cures for all forms of cancer, especially those affecting children. In September 2019, Stewart revealed that he was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2017, and has been given the all-clear after treatment.
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Human foot infested with jigger fleas, Tunga penetrans In many species, fleas are principally a nuisance to their hosts, causing an itching sensation which in turn causes the host to try to remove the pest by biting, pecking or scratching. Fleas are not simply a source of annoyance, however. Flea bites cause a slightly raised, swollen, irritating nodule to form on the epidermis at the site of each bite, with a single puncture point at the centre, like a mosquito bite. This can lead to an eczematous itchy skin disease called flea allergy dermatitis, which is common in many host species, including dogs and cats.
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Peripheral ossifying fibroma, also known as ossifying fibrous epulis, is “a gingival nodule which is composed of a cellular fibroblastic connective tissue stroma which is associated with the formation of randomly dispersed foci of mineralised products, which consists of bone, cementum-like tissue, or a dystrophic calcification. The lesion is considered part of an ossifying fibroma, but that is usually considered to be a jaw tumor. Because of its overwhelming incidence on the gingiva, the condition is associated with two other diseases, though not because they occur together. Instead, the three are associated with each other because they appear frequently on gingiva: pyogenic granuloma and peripheral giant cell granuloma.
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He later found faked evidence for the final phases of Roman occupation in Britain at Pevensey Castle in Sussex.Walsh (1996) Investigating unusual elements of the natural world, Dawson presented a petrified toad inside a flint nodule, discovered a large supply of natural gas at Heathfield in East Sussex, reported on a sea-serpent in the English Channel, observed a new species of human and found a strange goldfish/carp hybrid. It was even reported that he was experimenting with phosphorescent bullets as a deterrent to Zeppelin attacks on London. In recognition of his many discoveries, Dawson was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1895.
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"Hammerstone" eolith, recognized to be of natural origin by Boule in 1905 An eolith (from Greek "eos", dawn, and "lithos", stone) is a chipped flint nodule. Eoliths were once thought to have been artifacts, the earliest stone tools, but are now believed to be geofacts (stone fragments produced by fully natural geological processes such as glaciation). The first eoliths were collected in Kent by Benjamin Harrison, an amateur naturalist and archaeologist, in 1885 (though the name "eolith" was not coined until 1892, by J. Allen Browne). Harrison's discoveries were published by Sir Joseph Prestwich in 1891, and eoliths were generally accepted to have been crudely made tools, dating from the Pliocene.
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Laser ablation of thyroid nodules is a minimally invasive procedure indicated to treat benign thyroid lesions such as cold nodules or single nodules within a multinodular goiter. The technique consists in the destruction of the tissue by the insertion therein of optical fibers which convey the light energy, causing a complete and not reversible lesions necrosis. The therapeutic outcome is the reduction in volume of the nodule, and as a result of local symptoms, such as compression, and reduction or loss of visibility of nodular goiter. The goal of therapy is to destroy the lesion without removing the organ, thus preserving its normal anatomy.
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It opened on the Billboard albums chart at No. 25, with first-week sales of over 33,000. Shortly thereafter in April, they signed to major label Capitol Records after bidding between that label and Warner Bros.. From mid March to mid May the band toured alongside Fall Out Boy, Hawthorne Heights and The All-American Rejects for the "Black Clouds and Underdogs Tour" in support of their release Heroine. FFTL then did a short European Tour with various bands. The band then played several dates on the 2006 Vans Warped Tour, but were forced to drop out due to surgical removal of a nodule on Moore's vocal cords.
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The former displays crushing probably from a hammerstone, likely to gain access to the bone marrow within. Dating to 3.4 million years ago, it is the oldest evidence of sharp-edged stone tool use, though it is unclear if stones were modified to be sharp or if naturally sharp stones were used. If the former, then, because evidence of such early traditions are so rare, it may be that manufacturing at this stage was infrequent and, when done, only consisted of one-to-few flakes produced per stone nodule. The marks are attributed to A. afarensis because it is the only hominin known at that time and place.
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The full apostolic visit concluded on 20 December 1898 during which time her powers were suspended though the end of the visit restored her powers as superior. Her death in the evening of 1 December 1899 came due to cardiac illness coupled with asthma and a coin nodule that resulted in three hours of pain before her death. Her remains were buried on 4 December 1899 (her mortal remains were incorrupt for 55 years) in the Prazeres Cemetery and later transferred in 1954 to the convent of Santo António in Caminha and then in 1998 to the motherhouse of the order in Linda-a-Pastora near Lisbon.
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Like human teeth, whale teeth have polyp-like protrusions located on the root surface of the tooth. These polyps are made of cementum in both species, but in human teeth, the protrusions are located on the outside of the root, while in whales the nodule is located on the inside of the pulp chamber. While the roots of human teeth are made of cementum on the outer surface, whales have cementum on the entire surface of the tooth with a very small layer of enamel at the tip. This small enamel layer is only seen in older whales where the cementum has been worn away to show the underlying enamel.
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Side effects on the lungs can be very varied, and can include signs and symptoms that are either clinical, or radiological (i.e., seen on chest X-ray or CT), or both. They can include lung inflammation (pneumonitis), secondary (in this context, indirectly caused) lung infection (pneumonia), lung fibrosis, organising pneumonia (bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia, BOOP), ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), solitary pulmonary mass (even including lung cancer in some cases, mainly in cases of asbestos-related lung disease, but today this is very rare, because asbestos is now completely prohibited by law in most countries), or lung nodule. The diagnosis should be made by a specialist, if possible.
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On a 2004 episode of A Current Affair, De Vito was shown writing and recording new material with Warren in Los Angeles. De Vito expressed her disappointment at media reports that declared the throat nodule incident was a publicity stunt. In 2004 Cosima performed "When the War Is Over" on Dancing with the Stars and "Cost of Love" on the Kerri-Anne show; she guested on Good Morning Australia with Bert Newton and performed "When the War Is Over" and "Now That You Can't Have Me". In May that year De Vito was invited to perform at the 30th Anniversary Gala Dinner for then-Prime Minister, John Howard.
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The mainstay of non-invasive staging is a CT scan of the chest followed by metabolic imaging with a PET scan. The CT scan shows abnormalities such as a lung nodule or enlarged lymph nodes whereas the PET scan reveals increased metabolism such as occurs in structures which contain rapidly growing cancer cells. PET/CT combined the benefits of functional assessment with PET and anatomic assessment with CT. PET/CT represents a significant advance for staging of patients with lung cancer with management impact in the order of 40% and discordant findings compared with conventional imaging in half of patients. PET/CT also has high inter- and intra-reporter agreement.
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Most of the single calcified nodules were malignant. However, this did not include patients with ITNs and the sample is skewed towards malignancy. Another study evaluated the presence of ITNs on CT scans and found that 12 % of thyroid nodules were calcified, with no significant correlation between malignant or potentially malignant histology and punctate calcifications. As a result, some researchers believe that calcification per se is not a suspicious CT sign, and have suggested that calcified thyroid nodules on CT scans should be treated the same as non-calcified nodules. Fig. 1. An incidentally discovered colloid nodule with calcification, shown on CT scan of a 58-year-old female patient.
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Alder tree root nodule houses endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes: rhizobia, nitrogen- fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Frankia, which live in alder root nodules; single-celled algae inside reef-building corals; and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects. Ectosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host, including the inner surface of the digestive tract or the ducts of exocrine glands.
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At the time Honecker was sidelined through illness, leaving his colleagues unable to act decisively. He had been taken ill with biliary colic during the Warsaw Pact summit. He was shortly afterwards flown home to East Berlin. After an initial stabilisation in his health, he underwent surgery on 18 August 1989 to remove his inflamed gallbladder and, due to a perforation, part of his colon. According to the urologist Peter Althaus, the surgeons left a suspected carcinogenic nodule in Honecker’s right kidney due to his weak condition, and also failed to inform the patient of the suspected cancer; other sources say the tumour was simply undetected.
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The author Robert Louis Stevenson wrote: > An ugly reef is this of the Dhu Heartach; no pleasant assemblage of shelves, > and pools, and creeks, about which a child might play for a whole summer > without weariness, like the Bell Rock or the Skerryvore, but one oval nodule > of black-trap, sparsely bedabbled with an inconspicuous fucus, and alive in > every crevice with a dingy insect between a slater and a bug. No other life > was there but of sea-birds, and of the sea itself, that here ran like a > mill-race, and growled about the outer reef for ever, and ever and again, in > the calmest weather, roared and spouted on the rock itself.Stevenson (1887) > p. 83.
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Surgery (thyroidectomy to remove the whole thyroid or a part of it) is not extensively used because most common forms of hyperthyroidism are quite effectively treated by the radioactive iodine method, and because there is a risk of also removing the parathyroid glands, and of cutting the recurrent laryngeal nerve, making swallowing difficult, and even simply generalized staphylococcal infection as with any major surgery. Some people with Graves' may opt for surgical intervention. This includes those that cannot tolerate medicines for one reason or another, people that are allergic to iodine, or people that refuse radioiodine. If people have toxic nodules treatments typically include either removal or injection of the nodule with alcohol.
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Rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae) feeding on buds and shoots Rose rust (Phragmidium) Two-spotted mite (Tetranychus urticae) on Gardenia Yellow tea thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) Bristly roseslug (Cladius difformis) on the underside of a leaf Cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi) Leaf damage caused by a leafcutting bee (Megachile sp.) Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) nodule damage to roots Flea beetle (Aphthona flava) Roses (Rosa species) are susceptible to a number of pests, diseases and disorders. Many of the problems affecting roses are seasonal and climatic.Ross, D.,Rose-growing for Pleasure, Lothian Publishing, Melbourne, 1985, pp. 27 Some varieties of roses are naturally more resistant or immune than others to certain pests and diseases.
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Oesophagostomum, especially O. bifurcum, are common parasites of livestock and animals like goats, pigs and non-human primates, although it seems that humans are increasingly becoming favorable hosts as well. The disease they cause, oesophagostomiasis, is known for the nodule formation it causes in the intestines of its infected hosts, which can lead to more serious problems such as dysentery. Although the routes of human infection have yet to be elucidated sufficiently, it is believed that transmission occurs through oral-fecal means, with infected humans unknowingly ingesting soil containing the infectious filariform larvae. Oesophagostomum infection is largely localized to northern Togo and Ghana in western Africa where it is a serious public health problem.
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Clear cell acanthoma (also known as "Acanthome cellules claires of Degos and Civatte," "Degos acanthoma," and "Pale cell acanthoma") is a benign clinical and histological lesion initially described as neoplastic, which some authors now regard as a reactive dermatosis. It usually presents as a moist solitary firm, brown-red, well-circumscribed, 5 mm to 2 cm nodule or plaque on the lower extremities of middle-aged to elderly individuals The lesion has a crusted, scaly peripheral collarette and vascular puncta on the surface. It is characterized by slow growth, and may persist for years. The clinical differential diagnosis includes: dermatofibroma, inflamed seborrheic keratosis, pyogenic granuloma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, verruca vulgaris, psoriatic plaque, and melanoma.
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The genus is known only from the two holotype fossils, a fruit body (or mushroom) and a fragment of a mushroom, both currently residing in the American Museum of Natural History. The specimens, collected in November 1994 from the area of East Brunswick, New Jersey, by G.R. Case, P.D. Borodin, and J.J. Leggett, were found as a single clear yellow amber nodule in diameter. The specimen was found above the South Amboy Fire Clay, part of the Raritan Formation, suggesting that it is Turonian in age (Upper Cretaceous, about 90 to 94 million years ago). Due to weathering, the amber specimen AMNH NJ-90 fractured into a number of chips along fractures and flow lines.
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Polyps on the vocal folds can take on many different forms, and can sometimes result from vocal abuse, although this is not always the cause. They can occur on one or both vocal folds, and appear as swelling, a bump (similar to a nodule), a stalk-like growth, or a blister-like lesion. Most polyps are larger than nodules, which are more similar to callouses on the vocal folds. Polyps and nodules can exhibit similar symptoms including hoarseness or breathiness, “rough” or “scratchy” voice, harshness in vocal quality, shooting pain from ear to ear, sensation of having “a lump in the back of the throat”, neck pain, decreased pitch range in the voice, and vocal and bodily fatigue.
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From this microcolony, the bacteria enter the developing nodule through the infection thread, which grows through the root hair into the basal part of the epidermis cell, and onwards into the root cortex; they are then surrounded by a plant-derived symbiosome membrane and differentiate into bacteroids that fix nitrogen. Effective nodulation takes place approximately four weeks after crop planting, with the size, and shape of the nodules dependent on the crop. Crops such as soybeans, or peanuts will have larger nodules than forage legumes such as red clover, or alfalfa, since their nitrogen needs are higher. The number of nodules, and their internal color, will indicate the status of nitrogen fixation in the plant.
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The concept of the symbiosome was first described in 1983, by Neckelmann and Muscatine, as seen in the symbiotic relationship between Chlorella ( a class of green algae, and Hydra a cnidarian animal host. Until then it had been described as a vacuole. A few years later in 1989, Lauren Roth with Gary Stacey as well as Robert B Mellor applied this concept to the nitrogen-fixing unit seen in the plant root nodule, previously called an infection vacuole. This has since engendered a great deal of research, one result of this has been the provision of a more detailed description of the symbiosome (peribacteroid) membrane, as well as comparisons with similar structures in Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal symbioses in plants .
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Australian thyreophoran localities: 2 denotes where the holotype was found In 1964, Dr Alan Bartholomai, a collaborator of the Queensland Museum, discovered a chalkstone nodule containing an ankylosaurian skeleton in Queensland near Minmi Crossing, along the Injun Road, one kilometre south of Mack Gulley, north of Roma. In 1980, Ralph E. Molnar named and described the type species, in this case the only species known in the genus, Minmi paravertebra. The generic name, at the time the shortest of a Mesozoic dinosaur, refers to Minmi Crossing. The meaning of "minmi" itself is uncertain; it refers to a large lily in the local aboriginal language but might also be derived from min min, a kind of will-o'-the-wisp.
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The High Kings have continuously been on the road touring "Memory Lane" in the last 12 months, taking in concerts in countries such as Ireland, UK, the Netherlands, Germany, Norway and the USA. they are currently working on a brand new album, due for release in late 2012. On 11 July 2012, The Daily Star newspaper reported that Darren Holden is currently on an intense vocal course to combat a vocal fold nodule, that, if not addressed properly could have a drastic effect on his singing voice. The High Kings are due to return to the US in late July to perform at various summer festivals in the mid west and on the east coast.
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He was credited with the initiation of managanese nodule program in India and this coordinated program was reported to have earned India a place among the seven registered Pioneer Investors of the International Seabed Authority of the United Nations. The first bottom sediment map of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal was prepared under his supervision which served as a guide for future explorations in the region. The map identified the presence of Foraminifera, a class of amoeboid protists, which indicated the marine pollution levels and the resources of calcareous sediments in Lakshadeep sea. His studies on Lakshadeep offshores also assisted in widening the understanding of about the origin of the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge.
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The rationale for the use of bland embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and/or other hyper-vascular tumors is based on the fact that normal liver receives a dual blood supply from the hepatic artery (25%) and the portal vein (75%). As the tumor grows, it becomes increasingly dependent on the hepatic artery for blood supply. Once a tumor nodule reaches a diameter of 2 cm or more, most of the blood supply is derived from the hepatic artery. Therefore, bland embolization and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) consist of the selective angiographic occlusion of the tumor arterial blood supply with a variety of embolizing agents, with or without the precedence of local chemotherapy infusion.
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The study of the ocean in India has begun when the Government sponsored the program on polymetallic nodules (PMN) initiated at CSIR-NIO with the collection of the first nodule sample from Arabian sea on board the first research vessel Gaveshani on 26 January 1981. India was the first country in the world to have been given the pioneer Area for exploration of deep sea mineral viz polymetallic nodules in the central Indian ocean Basin in 1987 .This was based on the extensive survey carried out by the scientists of CSIR-NIO on several research ships leading to the allocation of an area of to the country with exclusive right under the UN law of the sea.
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During the 2001/02 season in Vienna, Dessay began to experience vocal difficulties and had to be replaced in almost all of the performances of La sonnambula. Subsequently, she was forced to cancel several other performances, including the French version of Lucia di Lammermoor in Lyon and a Zerbinetta at the Royal Opera House in London. She withdrew from the stage and underwent surgery to remove a vocal cord nodule in July 2002. In the summer of 2003, she gave her first US recital in Santa Fe. She was so attracted to New Mexico in general and Santa Fe in particular that the Santa Fe Opera quickly rearranged its schedule to feature her in a new production of La sonnambula during the 2004 season.
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It is relatively easy to distinguish P. specularis from the other three species, because only in this species is the distal spine of the fore femur directed anteriorly. Also, the fastigium frontis is tubercular and obtuse in this species, where it is spiniform and acute in the other three species. Another distinguishing feature is that there is a small tubercle or nodule on the medioventral portion of the scape (the first or basal segment) of the antenna of P. specularis, in contrast to the erect distal spine in this location in the other three species. Finally, the dorsal surface of the femora are unarmed (lacking in spines) in this species, whereas the other three species possess spines at this location.
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A slice of a typical carbonate-rich septarian nodule. Septarian concretions (or septarian nodules) are carbonate-rich concretions containing angular cavities or cracks (septaria; ', from the Latin "partition, separating element", referring to the cracks / cavities separating polygonal blocks of hardened materials). Cracks are highly variable in shape and volume, as well as the degree of shrinkage they indicate. Although it has commonly been assumed that concretions grew incrementally from the inside outwards, the fact that radially oriented cracks taper towards the margins of septarian concretions is taken as evidence that in these cases the periphery was stiffer while the inside was softer, presumably due to a gradient in the amount of CaCO3 precipitate progressively cementing the mud porosity from outside to inside.
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Article titles included "Attempt to Detect a Mammary Tumor-Agent in Strain C Mice by X-Radiation" (1950), "Transplantation of Hepatomas in Mice" (1955), "Morphology of Mammary Tumors in Mice" (1958),Dunn, Thelma B. "Morphology of Mammary Tumors in Mice" (1958). "Studies of the Mammary-Tumor Agent of Strain RIII Mice" (1961), "Further Studies of the Mammary Tumor Agent of Strain RIII Mice" (1962), "Occurrence of Tumors in Wild House Mice" (1962), "Histology of Some Neoplasms and Non-Neo- plastic Lesions Found in Wild Mice Maintained Under Laboratory Conditions" (1963), "Attempts to Detect Nodule-Inducing Virus in Strain RIII Mice" (1970). In retirement she wrote a book, The Unseen Fight Against Cancer (1975), explaining cancer research for a general readership.
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Measurements of shadow lengths indicate that nodule diameters are in the range 50 to 70 Å. The length of the dried molecule is 475 ± 25 Å. The fibrinogen molecule circulates as a soluble plasma glycoprotein with a typical molecular weight (depending on its content of Aα verses AαE and γ versus γ' chains) of ~340 kDa. It has a rod-like shape with dimensions of 9 × 47.5 × 6 nm and has a negative net charge at physiological pH ( its isoelectric point is pH 5.8). The normal concentration of fibrinogen in blood plasma is 150–400 mg/dl, with levels appreciably below or above this range associated with pathological bleeding and/or thrombosis. Fibrinogen has a circulating half-life of ~4 days.
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The length of the shell varies between 3 mm and 11 mm. (Original description) The small, acute shell has a sinusigera protoconch, and seven or eight reticulated, full and rounded whorls. The sculpture consists, on the earlier whorls, of ten or twelve, and, on the body whorl, of twenty-five equal, rounded, close-set riblets, beginning at the anterior edge of the band, growing stronger and wider to the periphery, after which they again diminish, covering the whorls, and on the last visible nearly to the extreme of the siphonal canal. These are crossed by (on the fourth whorl) four, or (on the body whorl) about twenty-five close-set rounded threads, with a tendency to form a little nodule where they cross the summit of the transverse ribs, and pretty even in size.
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In 2000 David Martill and Eberhard Frey reported the find of a small dinosaur fossil present in a chalk nodule, illegally acquired by the German Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe from an illegal Brazilian fossil dealer who had indicated the piece had been uncovered in the Chapada do Araripe, specifically at Araripina, Pernambuco.D.M. Martill, E. Frey, H.-D. Sues and A.R.I. Cruickshank, 2000, "Skeletal remains of a small theropod dinosaur with associated soft structures from the Lower Cretaceous Santana Formation of northeastern Brazil", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6): 891-900 In 2004 the type species Mirischia asymmetrica was named and described by Martill, Frey and Darren Naish. The generic name combines the Latin mirus, 'wonderful', with "ischia", the Latinised plural of Greek ἴσχιον, ischion, 'hip joint'.
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Limited knowledge of the taxonomy, biogeography and natural history of deep sea communities prevents accurate assessment of the risk of species extinctions from large-scale mining. Data acquired from the abyssal North Pacific and North Atlantic suggest that deep- sea ecosystems may be adversely affected by mining operations on decadal time scales. In 1978, a dredge aboard the Hughes Glomar Explorer, operated by the American mining consortium Ocean Minerals Company (OMCO), made a mining track at a depth of 5000 meters in the nodule fields of the CCFZ. In 2004, the French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (IFREMER) conducted the Nodinaut expedition to this mining track (which is still visible on the seabed) to study the long-term effects of this physical disturbance on the sediment and its benthic fauna.
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The Trousseau sign of malignancy or Trousseau's syndrome is a medical sign involving episodes of vessel inflammation due to blood clot (thrombophlebitis) which are recurrent or appearing in different locations over time (thrombophlebitis migrans or migratory thrombophlebitis). The location of the clot is tender and the clot can be felt as a nodule under the skin.Trousseau's sign of visceral malignancy in GPnotebook, retrieved November 2012 Trousseau's syndrome is a rare variant of venous thromboembolism (VTE) that is characterized by recurrent, migratory thrombosis in superficial veins and in uncommon sites, such as the chest wall and arms. This syndrome is particularly associated with pancreatic, gastric and lung cancer and Trousseau's syndrome can be an early sign of cancer sometimes appearing months to years before the tumor would be otherwise detected.
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The holotype and only known specimen of Taoheodon, IVPP V 25335, was discovered in the valley of a tributary of the Tao He river, running through the lower part of the Sunjiagou Formation. The Sunjiagou Formation has been dated to the Late Permian (Lopingian epoch), although the exact age of the lower beds has been debated; either representing the late Wuchiapingian age or early Changhsingian. The lower Sunjiagou Formation is composed of grey to greenish-grey mudstones and fine grained sandstones, although the fossil of Taoheodon itself was found contained within an eroded rock nodule. This erosion resulted in the loss of the zygomatic arches and the tip of the snout from the specimen which had been exposed prior to collection, and the specimen has also been slightly compressed from top to bottom during fossilisation.
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Research shows that polymetallic nodule fields are hotspots of abundance and diversity for a highly vulnerable abyssal fauna.University of Ghent press bulletin, June 7, 2016 Because deep sea mining is a relatively new field, the complete consequences of full-scale mining operations on this ecosystem are unknown. However, some researchers have said they believe that removal of parts of the sea floor will result in disturbances to the benthic layer, increased toxicity of the water column and sediment plumes from tailings. Removing parts of the sea floor could disturb the habitat of benthic organisms, with unknown long- term effects. Aside from the direct impact of mining the area, some researchers and environmental activists have raised concerns about leakage, spills and corrosion that could alter the mining area’s chemical makeup.
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Quilt Packaging “nodules” extend out from the edge of microchips. Quilt Packaging Nodules have solder on top to enable chip to chip interconnection Quilt Packaging (QP) is an integrated circuit packaging and chip-to-chip interconnect packaging technology that utilizes “nodule” structures that extend out horizontally from the edges of microchips to make electrically and mechanically robust chip-to-chip interconnections. QP nodules are created as an integral part of the microchip using standard back end of the line semiconductor device fabrication techniques. Solder is then electroplated on top of the nodules to enable the chip to chip interconnection with sub-micron alignment accuracy. Small high yielding “chiplets” made from any semiconductor material (Silicon, Gallium Arsenide, Silicon Carbide, Gallium Nitride, etc.), can be “quilted” together to create larger multi-function meta-chip.
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When she graduated from the Senzoku Gakuen College of Music Faculty of Music Musical Course in 2014, she played in the musicals The Addams Family as Wednesday Addams and Miss Saigon as Kim. In addition, she was in charge of opening theme "Niji no kakera" of the TV anime One Week Friends as a singer. In October 2016, her performance in the Imperial Theater of the musical Miss Saigon which was scheduled to appear was cancelled for the treatment of the nodule of her vocal folds, after surgery and rehabilitation, she returned from the first day of her Nagoya performance on 19 January 2017. In April 2017, she acted as a voice actress of the heroine Belle played by Emma Watson through an audition at the Japanese dub version of the Walt Disney Pictures live-action version of Beauty and the Beast.
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Odunton has had more than 20 years of experience in the International Civil Service, with progressively increased responsibilities in marine resource policy formulation, particularly marine mineral resources. Since the establishment of the Authority in 1996 he has concurrently held several positions there at the policy-making level, as Deputy to the Secretary-General, head of the ISA Office of Resources and Environmental Monitoring, Interim Director-General of the Enterprise (the Authority’s seabed mining arm, not yet operational) and Secretary of the Authority’s Assembly. He has conceptualized and convened technical workshops of the Authority, on topics such as deep-seabed polymetallic nodule exploration, the development of environmental guidelines, and proposed technologies for deep-seabed mining of nodules. He earned a Master of Science degree in Mineral Economics and Mine Finance from the Henry Krumb School of Mines (1974), Columbia University.
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In 1987, Visitor appeared as Ellen Dolan in a failed television pilot for Will Eisner's pulp comic creation The Spirit, starring Sam J. Jones as the title character and Garry Walberg as her father, Commissioner Dolan. Visitor at STICCon XVIII (2004) In 1988, she made a guest appearance on the sitcom Night Court as a mental patient who is obsessed with the movies. That same year, she made a guest appearance on the television series In the Heat of the Night as the owner of the Sparta newspaper. She also made a guest appearance that year in an episode of Matlock. In 1989, Visitor appeared as a guest on the fifth episode of the television series Doogie Howser, M.D. as Charmagne, a rock star who has a throat nodule removed at Doogie's hospital, and as Miles Drentell's glamorous girlfriend, in "Success", a 1989 episode of Thirtysomethings second season.
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The Upanishad gives details about how the conception takes place in the womb and how it develops over a period of nine months. After the union takes place in a particular (Ritu) season, the growth of the body in the embryo on the first day is a "nodule". It becomes a "bubble" by the seventh night; in 15 nights it becomes a "lump"; in a month's time the embryo is hard; by the end of two months, head is formed; parts of the feet appear by three months; stomach, the hips and ankle appear by the fourth month; the vertebral column shapes up by the fifth month; the face, nose and ears appear by the sixth month; the seventh month is when fetus is imbibed with Jiva or soul (Atman), in the eighth month has all body parts, and fully developed in the ninth month. The fetus grows and is nourished by what the mother eats and drinks, through a vein, states the text.
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Although T. sethi was named after the god Seth for having a crest similar to his crown, Seth did not wear such a crown; the crest was instead similar to the crown of Amon (left, on an obelisk) The first known specimen of this pterosaur (an extinct order of flying reptiles) was collected in 1983 near the town of Santana do Cariri in the Araripe Basin of northeastern Brazil. Found in outcrops of the Romualdo Formation, it was collected over a long period of time in several pieces. The specimen (catalogued as DGM 1476-R at the Museu de Ciências da Terra) was preserved in a calcareous nodule, and consists of an almost-complete, three-dimensional skull (pterosaur bones are often flattened compression fossils), missing two segments of the bottom of the skull and mandible and the front of the lower jaw. The left jugal region and right mandibular ramus (half of the mandible) are pushed slightly inward.
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As a parallel to the five orders of classical architecture identified by Palladio (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Composite and Tuscan), the engraving postulates five "orders" of periwig, from the relatively simple "Episcopal" (for the clergy), through the "Old Peerian or Aldermanic" (for lords and council officials) and "Lexonic" (for lawyers) to the more ornate "Composite or Half Natural", and finally the effete "Queerinthian or Queue de Reynard" (a pun on the French for "foxtail"). A scale shows the "Athenian Measure" by which the dimensions of each wig are annotated, with one "nodule" comprising 3 "nasos" (noses) and each "naso" of 3 "minutes". The component parts of each wig are labelled with letters A to I, each denoting a mock architectural term, from A: the "Corona or Lermier or Foretop" and B: the "Architrave or Archivolt or Caul" to H: "Fillet or Ribbon" and I: "Helices or Volute or Spiral or Curl". Several of the faces depicted have been identified.
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478 pp It more likely belongs to some member of the Coelophysoidea or Neoceratosauria. It has also been established by Newman and confirmed by Roger Benson that the original left thigbone, GSM 109560, belonged to a theropod.Benson, R., 2010, "The osteology of Magnosaurus nethercombensis (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of the United Kingdom and a re-examination of the oldest records of tetanurans", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8(1): 131-146 Restoration of the skeleton by O.C. Marsh, showing the long legs at the time presumed for Scelidosaurus The neotype skeleton had been uncovered in the Black Ven Marl or Woodstone Nodule Bed, marine deposits of the Charmouth Mudstone Formation, dating from the late Sinemurian stage, about 191 million years ago.Barrett, P.M. and Maidment, S.C.R., 2011, "Dinosaurs of Dorset: Part III, the ornithischian dinosaurs (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) with additional comments on the sauropods", Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 132: 145–163 It consists of a rather complete skeleton with skull and lower jaws.
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In more recent times, new discoveries have been made at Charmouth, not through commercial quarrying but by the efforts of amateur palaeontologists. In 1968 a second partial juvenile skeleton was described, specimen BMNH R6704,Rixon, A.E., 1968, "The development of the remains of a small Scelidosaurus from a Lias nodule", Museums Journal, 67: 315–321 that had already been reported in 1959.Delair, J.B., 1959, "The Mesozoic reptiles of Dorset: Part Two", Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, for 1958 80: 52-90 Found by geologist James Frederick Jackson (1894-1966) of Charmouth, it is from a slightly younger layer, the Stonebarrow Marl Member dating to the early Pliensbachian, about 190 million years old. In 1985 Simon Barnsley, David Costain and Peter Langham excavated a partial skeleton including a very complete skull and skin impressions,Ensom, P.C., 1989, "New scelidosaur remains from the Lower Lias of Dorset", Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 110: 165 & 167 which was sold to the Bristol Museum where it is registered as specimen BRSMG CE12785.
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Among these were the teeth of a reptile/mammal hybrid, Plagiaulax dawsoni, "found" in 1891 (and whose teeth had been filed down in the same way that the teeth of Piltdown Man were to be some 20 years later); the so-called "shadow figures" on the walls of Hastings Castle; a unique hafted stone axe; the Bexhill boat (a hybrid seafaring vessel); the Pevensey bricks (allegedly the latest datable "finds" from Roman Britain); the contents of the Lavant Caves (a fraudulent "flint mine"); the Beauport Park "Roman" statuette (a hybrid iron object); the Bulverhythe Hammer (shaped with an iron knife in the same way as the Piltdown elephant bone implement would later be); a fraudulent "Chinese" bronze vase; the Brighton "Toad in the Hole" (a toad entombed within a flint nodule); the English Channel sea serpent; the Uckfield Horseshoe (another hybrid iron object) and the Lewes Prick Spur. Of his antiquarian publications, most demonstrate evidence of plagiarism or at least naive referencing, Russell wrote: "Piltdown was not a 'one-off' hoax, more the culmination of a life's work." In addition, Harry Morris, an acquaintance of Dawson, had come into possession of one of the flints obtained by Dawson at the Piltdown gravel pit.
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