I have a necessaries case that came from an old camping kit.
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How should one respond to a live entertainer when shopping for necessaries?
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This was a failure of their legal duty to provide necessaries of life.
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I consider a balanced diet that brings me different amino acids and minerals which are necessaries for my body.
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Both parents were charged with failing to provide the necessaries of life and, after a trial this spring, found guilty.
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Never mind the new cities without sanitary facilities — one district in Manchester had only about 30 "necessaries" for 7,000 people.
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His time with The Necessaries was just another one of these outings and by that point it had come to an end.
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UPDATE: On the afternoon of April 26, a jury convicted David and Collet Stephan of failing to provide their son with the necessaries of life.
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On Monday, a jury started deliberating whether David and Collet, whose son died in 2012, are guilty of failing to provide the necessaries of life.
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Last year, a Canadian couple was found guilty of failing to provide the necessaries of life after their 19-month-old son died of meningitis.
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An Alberta couple has been found guilty of failing to provide their son with the necessaries of life, four years after he died of bacterial meningitis.
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Perhaps in another world The Necessaries could have been one of great formative post-punk outfits, the kind of band you'd namecheck alongside The Replacements and Wire.
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If those areas could be adequately supplied with the necessaries of life, Syrians there could survive and eventually Russia and Iran could end their adventure in Syria.
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"Eschewing a regular purse, which would encumber her hands, she utilized suit pockets to carry necessaries," Elinor Richey wrote in the book "Eminent Women of the West" (1975).
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The Necessaries and Event Horizon represents another piece of his story, another unearthed gem for fans to listen to as they wander through alleyways and avenues of their own.
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For a couple of years now Virgin Galactic's Spaceport America was more aspirational than functional, but now it's been built out with the necessaries for commercial spaceflight — mainly coffee.
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Two anti-vaxxer parents who were convicted of failing to provide the necessaries of life to their toddler son are publicly blaming the ambulance for his death from meningitis.
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David Stephan, 32, and his wife Collet Stephan, 35, have pleaded not guilty to failing to provide the necessaries of life for their son Ezekiel, who died four years ago.
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Enter The Necessaries, Arthur Russell's forgotten power pop quartet and their album Event Horizon, the latest in a seemingly bottomless collection of Russell ephemera to be shown the light of day.
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An Alberta judge has sentenced a naturopath, anti-vaccine couple to probation and jail time for failing to provide the necessaries of life for their child, who died of meningitis in 2012.
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"The King shall have the custody of the lands of natural fools, taking the profits of them without waste or destruction, and shall find them their necessaries," reads the English statute De Prerogative Regis , from 21990.
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Russell might be best known as the man that gave the world Dinosaur L, Sleeping Bag Records and World of Echo, but his work with The Necessaries was a brief, brilliant attempt at something altogether more conventional.
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Released in 1982, Event Horizon is actually a reworking of Big Sky, The Necessaries first LP. Committed to wax by Sire Records a year earlier, the original album was a few tracks lighter and sonically a lot more straightforward.
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"I've prepared for him some household medicine including digester and headache pills, nutritional supplements as well as some daily necessaries," said Lee Soo-nam, a 76-year-old South Korean, due to meet his older brother in the North separated by the war.
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"I made it clear from the beginning I have no beef with my athletic association, I maintain that I met the necessaries of qualifying and competing at the trials to compete in Rio and be on Team Jamaica," Morgan told Reuters by text message after losing the appeal.
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On April 26, David and Collet Stephan, the Alberta couple who treated their sick toddler with horseradish and onion smoothies for two weeks, were found guilty of failing to provide the necessaries of life to their 18-month-old son, a sentence that carries up to five years in jail.
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There are also laws on the books that make sure parents take proper care of their kids: An Alberta couple was just found guilty of failing to provide the necessaries of life to their toddler, who died of meningitis after they treated him with horseradish smoothies and other natural remedies.
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As Senator John Sherman, co-author of the Sherman Antitrust Act, declared as his bill came up for a vote in 1890, "If we will not endure a king as a political power, we should not endure a king over the production, transportation, and sale of any of the necessaries of life."
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As John Sherman, the senator who gave his name to America's original antitrust law in 1890, put it at a time when the robber barons ruled much of America's economy: "If we will not endure a king as a political power, we should not endure a king over the production, transportation and sale of any of the necessaries of life."
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If either of these things are disputed, the onus is on the plaintiff to prove them. The judge must determine whether the goods are capable of being necessaries as a matter of law, and if they are so capable, let the jury decide whether they are in fact necessaries. In this case, there was no evidence that the goods were capable of being necessaries, so the trial judge was correct in not giving the question to the jury for their decision.
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The Infants’ Relief Act, 1874 and the Sale of Goods Act, 1893 set up a situation where minors' contracts are absolutely void, except those for necessaries. To recover money from a minor's contract for necessaries, it is not enough to show that the goods were suitable to the infant's condition in life, one must also show that the minor was not sufficiently supplied at the time. As no evidence has been introduced to suggest that the goods were necessaries, the trial judge's decision was correct. ARGUMENT ON PLAINTIFF.
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Now this most indispensable of all necessaries, after physical nutriment, cannot be had, unless the machinery for providing it is kept unintermittedly in active play.
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The boats were here hailed, to tow the whale on the larboard side, where fluke chains and other necessaries were already prepared for securing him.
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19 August 1791, Squire and another man were fined £5 each for buying the necessaries of a private. They both protested that they did not know it was a crime.
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The Lamet practice slash-and-burn agriculture, as well as hunting, gathering and fishing. The Lamet trade with the Lao and Thai to obtain their necessaries. Some Lamet also work for wages.
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A drunken person can choose to ratify a contract once they are again sober,, 37-38 and under the Sale of Goods Act 1979, they are legally bound with regard to contracts for necessaries.
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Purveyance was an ancient prerogative right of the English Crown to purchase provisions and other necessaries for the royal household, at an appraised price, and to requisition horses and vehicles for royal use. It was finally abolished in 1660.
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The teacher was called Thomas Smith. The children paid him by bringing him his food, tobacco, and other necessaries. Each child on his turn, brought the teacher home with him for his night's lodging. The school was held in a sheltered place behind a ditch.
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During his time as Principal, he donated £200 towards restoration of the college's Old Quadrangle.Baker, Victoria County History, p.275 In 1798, he also subscribed £100 for the "prosecution of the [Napoleonic] war" and £21 for muskets and necessaries for the University corps.Baker, Victoria County History, p.
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Some creditors may compel payment out of the trust, particularly those who supply the beneficiary with "necessaries" (usually food and shelter, but sometimes clothing and transportation, if these are not extravagant). Most jurisdictions also permit the invasion of spendthrift trust assets to satisfy awards of child support and alimony.
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There is no such reasonable evidence in this case. MINORS AGREEMENT. Any contract with a minor is void. A minor may contract for necessaries at a reasonable price, but it will not be enforceable unless they are necessary to his station in life and he does not already have enough.
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Mutualism originated from the writings of philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Collectivist anarchism as defended by Mikhail Bakunin defended a form of labor theory of value when it advocated a system where "all necessaries for production are owned in common by the labour groups and the free communes ... based on the distribution of goods according to the labour contributed".
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The word officinalis literally means "of or belonging to an officina", the storeroom of a monastery, where medicines and other necessaries were kept. Officina was a contraction of opificina, from opifex (gen. opificis) "worker, maker, doer" (from opus "work") + -fex, -ficis, "one who does," from facere "do, perform".Online Etymology Dictionary, entry "officinalis", accessed May 3, 2010.
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John Edward Mermis (born November 13, 1951), best known by the pseudonym Long Gone John, is an American entrepreneur who is best known for his record label, Sympathy for the Record Industry, and his vinyl toy company, Necessaries Toy Foundation. He lived in Long Beach, California, for 30 years, but relocated to Olympia, Washington, in 2007.
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Sections 2 to 15B concern how a contract is formed and, in particular, contains standardised implied terms in all contracts for sale. Section 3(2) provides that if goods are sold and delivered to minorsUnder Scots law this aspect is now regulated by the Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991 or those mentally incapacitatedIn England and Wales this aspect is now regulated under the Mental Capacity Act 2005. the minor will be liable to pay a reasonable price if the goods are necessaries. Necessaries are goods suitable to the persons' condition of life and actual requirements at the time of contracting. Under sections 6 and 7, concerning specific goods that perish, a contract is void where they perish before and avoided where they perish after contract formation.
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Mr. and Mrs. Tutton were charged and convicted of criminal act manslaughter by failing their duty to provide the necessaries of life for their child, contrary to the criminal negligence provision s. 219 of the Criminal Code (then s. 202). Based on a belief held by the couple that the child was cured of its diabetes because of a premonition Mrs.
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He and his son were imprisoned and deprived of their property, even of the necessaries of life. Though the incarceration was brief, Sherira was now in very bad health. Sherira resigned the gaonate in 998 C.E., appointing his son as his successor. Sherira died soon after, circa 1006 C.E.Abraham ibn Daud, "Sefer ha-Ḳabbalah," in Adolf Neubauer, "Medieval Jewish Chronicles" (Oxford, 1887) , i.
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In 1773, Robert Hawley was named Captain of the North Stratford or Second Train Band established in 1706. His grandfather, Captain John Hawley, was its first captain. At a special meeting held at the North Stratford meeting house on November 10, 1777, Hawley was also appointed to a committee to provide immediately all those necessaries for the Continental soldiers.Orcutt, Vol.
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The high gabled roof supports a square drum with arched openings and capped by a pointed roof. The original school bell is located in the tower with its mountings. A small brick chimney protrudes from the roof in the center of the structure. The schoolhouse is surrounded by three support buildings, including the boys and girls necessaries, as well as a storage building.
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In 1590 Sir William Keith of Delny, out-going Keeper of the Royal Wardrobe, paid Jousie 10,000 Scottish merks for silk fabrics already supplied to the king. Jousie was owed a further £19,000 for "apparel and other necessaries" supplied to the king at the time of marriage.Maria Hayward, Stuart Style (Yale, 2020), p. 163: National Records of Scotland NRS E35/13.
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Hultman was elected to the Quincy city council in 1899. From 1906 to 1908 he represented the 5th Norfolk district in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. In 1909 he represented the First Norfolk District in the Massachusetts Senate. In 1920 he was appointed state Fuel Administrator and chairman of the Commission on the Necessaries of Life by Governor Calvin Coolidge.
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Heyne was born in Chemnitz, Saxony. His father was a poor weaver who had left Silesia and moved to Saxony to maintain his Protestant faith; Christian's education was paid for by his godfather. In 1748 he entered the University of Leipzig, where he was often short of the necessaries of life. He was helped by the classicist , who encouraged him and loaned him Greek and Latin texts.
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A Conservative, he was opposed to the re-imposition of a duty on foreign corn, and generally all duties on "the necessaries of life". He opposed the Maynooth Grant and taxes upon income, but not on property. He was in favour of remodelling the Boards of Custom and Excise, extensive Chancery reform and a moderate Parliamentary reform. In later years Horsfall owned and resided at Bellamour Hall, Colton, Staffordshire.
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They are fine vessels of the kind and have the appearance of > fast sailors. I beg leave to observe to your excellency that there being no > establishment for the supply of necessaries, we are supplying them on the > most reasonable terms possible and mean to forward the vouchers to the > victualling board. The Officers and men are all in perfect health. I have > the honor to remain &&& > John McKillop Lieut.
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Boston health inspectors described a typical Irish slum as "a perfect hive of human beings, without comforts and mostly without common necessaries; in many cases huddled together like brutes, without regard to age or sex or sense of decency." Many Irish women became domestic servants; by 1860, two-thirds of the servants in Boston were Irish.Byrne (2008) p. 552. Most Irish men worked in construction, in quarries, or on the docks.
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The most common type of decorative box is the feminine work box. It is usually fitted with a tray divided into many small compartments for needles, reels of silk and cotton, and other necessaries for stitchery. The date of its origin is unclear, but 17th-century examples exist, covered with silk and adorned with beads and embroidery. No lady would have been without her work box in the 18th century.
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Chaloner pp. 113–116. Galloways were among the well-known promoters of a new business, The Lancashire Steel Company Ltd., in 1863. The intention was that this company would develop a 10 acre site at Gorton with buildings, blast furnaces and all the necessaries of steel production by the Bessemer process, in order initially to produce 200 tons a week of steel in blocks weighing up to 10 tons.
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He cited the assertions that rent depends on the difference of fertility of the different portions of land in cultivation; that the laborer always receives precisely the necessaries or what custom leads him to consider the necessaries, of life; that as wealth and population advance, agricultural labor becomes less and less proportionately productive and therefore the share of the produce taken by the landlord and the laborer must constantly increase, but that taken by the capitalist must constantly diminish. He denied the truth of all the propositions. Besides adopting some terms, such as that of natural agents, from Jean-Baptiste Say, Senior introduced the term "abstinence" to express the conduct of the capitalist that is remunerated by interest. He added some considerations to what had been said by Adam Smith on the division of labor and distinguished between the rate of wages and the price of labor but assumed a determinate wage-fund.
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Van Dam, Raymond. Families and Friends in Late Roman Cappadocia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003, , p. 66 For five years, Naucratius made every effort to ensure his mother was happy until one day in 357, having started out on one of the expeditions, by which he provided necessaries for the old men under his care, Naucratius and Chrysapius were killed in a hunting accident. Naucratius's sudden death was a shock to the entire family.
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After a security guard called the police Azees Mahomed left "the scene in a hurry".Mahomed v R [2011] NZSC 52 at [9]. In a trial before judge and jury Mr Mahomed was found guilty of murder and of twice intentionally causing grievous bodily harm; Mr Mahomed and Mrs Mahomed were also found guilty of failing to provide the necessaries of life (prompt medical treatment).Mahomed v R [2011] NZSC 52 at [21].
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It is a means to the improvement of the culture of the nation.... It brings talent, knowledge and skill of every kind readily to market. ::3. It secures the community against dearth and famine, and against excessive fluctuation in the prices of the necessaries of life. ::4. It promotes the spirit of the nation, as it has a tendency to destroy the Philistine spirit arising from isolation and provincial prejudice and vanity.
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Its outward appearance is determined by alterations performed in the 16ths and 17th century, while the portal with its pointed arch dates back into the Middle Ages. The infirmarium (sick quarters) was located behind the abbot's residence. The eastern part of the ward and the chapel have been preserved unlike the infirmaries and necessaries of other former monasteries. Ruins of the so-called brewery or malt house are found west of the former monastic quarters.
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Along the way, John has compulsively amassed a vast collection of art and pop ephemera. After seeing an inferior version of the character Enid from Daniel Clowes' Ghost World comic, John was motivated to enter the collectible toy game. His new company, Necessaries Toy Foundation, started in 2003. It allowed John to finally slow down his label in order to work and focus on manufacturing a line of toys and publishing art-related books.
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" This suspicion was in reality groundless, as Serena never had any such intentions. ... However, the death of Serena did not remove Alaric from the siege, but he blocked up the gates all round, and having possessed himself of the river Tiber, prevented the arrival of necessaries from the port to the city". The Chronicon Paschale records that news of Thermantia's death reached Constantinople on 30 July 415. She had presumably died months earlier.
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At the beginning, the subsidy was very low and often arrived late. Another problem was the gradual inflation and as a consequence the exponential rise of the expenditures. The university also suffered of the relatively the low number and weakly equipped buildings. An improvement of the situation started from 1922, when Kuno von Klebelsberg, Minister of Religion and Education and MP of Szeged fought out huge sums to raise buildings and get all the necessaries.
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Also, when one of your letters reached me, I was in want of some of the necessaries of life, owing to a heavy loss which I sustained in endeavoring to assist some persons. ... It is good for me to have been afflicted. I have more peace of mind than I have possessed at any time since leaving college. My hair, which had begun to turn gray, is now as black as formerly.
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King advised people not to cut themselves off from society, but rather to form a society within a society, and to start with a shop because, "We must go to a shop every day to buy food and necessaries – why then should we not go to our own shop?" He proposed sensible rules, such as having a weekly account audit, having 3 trustees, and not having meetings in pubs (to avoid the temptation of drinking profits).
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Though already determined to work the Leblanc process, he did not immediately possess the capital for it, and he therefore continued the production of prussiate of potash, which was profitable, and plough the profits into building the lead chambers and the other necessaries of a complete Leblanc works. Fortuitously in 1823 the duty or tax of £30 per ton was taken off salt. He began to make sodium carbonate alkali by the Leblanc process in 1823.
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As an example of liability in contract, the law in most of Canada provides that an infant is not bound by the contracts he or she enters into except for the purchase of necessaries and for beneficial contracts of service. Infants must pay fair price only for necessary goods and services. However, the British Columbia Infants Act (RSBC 1996 c.223) declares all contracts, including necessities and beneficial contracts of service, are unenforceable against an infant.
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The biggest of the three Subiaco Dams was the highest dam in the world until its destruction in 1305. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the villa and the town were abandoned, becoming almost forgotten ruins. When St. Benedict, at the age of fourteen (c. 494), retired from the world and lived for three years in a cave above the river Anio, he was supplied with the necessaries of life by a monk, St. Roman.
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Argyll then advanced into his territories, but already Huntly had disbanded his followers, and shut himself up in Auchindown. Learning Argyll's approach he went to the Bog of Gight, and, having taken a supply of gold and silver and other necessaries, crossed over to Sutherlandshire in a boat. He then rode to Caithness, and went by sea to Strathnaver, where he remained till 5 October 1645. During his absence Argyll marched to Strathbogie and spoiled his lands.
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Food and alcohol were treated similarly to each other, split equally. The necessaries of life were distributed equally, unlike booty, which was usually given in higher proportions to officers, as directed in their articles. Bread, butter, cheese, and meat were items that were considered luxuries by many low level mariners, but items that a pirate would look forward to as often as possible. There is evidence pirates specifically hoped to find edibles in their loot over specie.
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In 1306 Robert the Bruce was crowned King Robert I of Scotland. In 1307, The Calendar of Patent Rolls of King Edward I of England records his preparing for war against Robert the Bruce. He requests lords of the manor to provide ships, barges and 'find them in men and necessaries' to continue the war. It read: The Curwens were again expected to provide support and troops to fight in the Second War of Scottish Independence.
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Later moving to a poorer part of Gifford, his mother struggled to pay for housing and necessaries. Demons joined the Bloods gang at a young age, later posting his songs on SoundCloud when he was 15. In late 2015, Demons was arrested for shooting at a group of students near Vero Beach High School and subsequently convicted of aggravated battery, discharging a firearm in public, and two counts of aggravated assault, for which he served several months in prison.
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Andrews was kept close prisoner for sixteen weeks. As prisoners then had to bear their own expenses, "his score for necessaries was swollen beyond his ability to discharge", and "his friends were not permitted to visit or relieve him" (a few persons were allowed to see him on law business only in the presence of the lieutenant).State Papers, Dom. 1650 Having vainly petitioned the council four times for a pardon or a speedy trial, he addressed the same prayer to the parliament.
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Jerome knew of this copy of the so-called "Hebrew" or Aramaic text of the Gospel of Matthew and EusebiusVI.xxxii refers to the catalogue of the library that he appended to his life of Pamphilus. A passage from the lost life, quoted by Jerome,"Adversus Rufinum" I.ix describes how Pamphilus supplied poor scholars with the necessaries of life and gave them copies of the Scriptures, of which he kept a large supply. He likewise bestowed copies on women devoted to study.
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Amounts paid for scaffold poles, stone, timber if required, tools, and all necessaries and materials for carrying out the work are put down. The names of all the workmen are entered, with their daily and weekly wages, notes are made of the important events during the progress of the works, such as the laying of the foundation stone of the chapel, the commencement of the cloister or library, and so on. Each page is totalled up, and signed by "Dan. Greenwood Pr[incipal]".
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Most of the surrounding area of Goolma is agricultural, with farmers producing cereals, wool, cattle and lambs. Near Goolma was the Belara Copper Mine, which operated from 1880 to at least 1908. Goolma Hotel provides patrons with refreshment and other necessaries Goolma was intended to be served by a cross-country railway line running from Sandy Hollow to Mary Vale, but work was stopped in 1950 and the line was never completed. An abandoned tunnel and unfinished bridges and embankments are landmarks to the abandoned line.
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Their daily necessaries were passed to them through a window by some girls chosen by Gilbert from among his people. As the serving maids requested that they too might have a dress and rule of life, on the advice of William, abbot of Rievaulx, he decided to add lay sisters to the community. Eventually Gilbert added lay brothers to work the fields. In 1139 the small order opened its first new foundation on the island of Haverholm, a gift from Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln.
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He theorized that "labor creates wealth," which may have been an improvement based on the thinking of Adam Smith of Europe. He thought that the economy of England was actually the economy of the higher-ranking members of that society and not the economy of the entire nation. He held that wealth is not an aggregation of exchange values, as Adam Smith had conceived it, but the capacity or the opportunity to acquire the necessaries and conveniences of life by labor. He systematized the infant industry argument.
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Resigning these luxuries, they will get what in return? They will still have the necessaries of life and some of the comforts.” In 1903 Price wrote a book called Home Building and Furnishing. Being a Combined New Edition of Model Houses for Little Money published together with Inside of 100 Homes by W. M. Johnson in which they made an effort to distill his idea about how anyone’s home could have everything it needed to live the art that is life without costly materials and elaborate detail.
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Cessio bonorum (Latin for a surrender of goods), in Roman law, is a voluntary surrender of goods by a debtor to his creditors. It did not amount to a discharge unless the property ceded was sufficient for the purpose, but it secured the debtor from personal arrest. The creditors sold the goods as partial restoration of their claims. The procedure of cessio bonorum avoided infamy, and the debtor, though his after-acquired property might be proceeded against, could not be deprived of the bare necessaries of life.
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His father Beaupré Bell was eccentric and "hardly allowed his son the common necessaries of life", but owned an estate worth £1500 per annum and also was reported to have had over 500 horses, all unbroken and allowed to roam wild. He possessed a good library, though neglected with the rest of the mansion. Beaupré Bell attended Westminster College and moved on to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he finished his education. He had an eye for all things ancient, with a particular interest in Roman coins.
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It was a horrible experience, and Bowne Thompson wrote to Queen Victoria, explaining what had happened. The Queen was said to have taken measures that no such mistake should be mad againe. After burying her husband, Bowen Thompson made her home with her sister in England. She became involved with social work projects. When the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (1857–58) followed the Crimean War, Bowen Thompson joined the Lady Mayoress' Committee at the Mansion House and threw herself into providing necessaries for the sufferers.
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Banks which loan money to purchase ships, vendors who supply ships with necessaries like fuel and stores, seamen who are due wages, and many others have a lien against the ship to guarantee payment. To enforce the lien, the ship must be arrested or seized. In the United States, an action to enforce a lien against a U.S. ship must be brought in federal court and cannot be done in state court, except for under the reverse-Erie doctrine whereby state courts can apply federal law.
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In a "normal" society, one needs slaves. Aristotle argues that slaves are a necessity though, saying "Property is part of the household, ... For no man can live well or indeed live at all, unless he be provided with necessaries." He also argues that slaves are the most important part of the property as they "take precedence of all the instruments." This would suggest that at least some slaves would be treated well for the same reason one would take great care of their most important tools.
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The Connecticut general assembly named Robert Hawley the Ensign of the North Stratford Train Band or Company of the 4th regiment of the Connecticut Colony militia in October 1765.Colonial Connecticut Records 1636-1776, Vol. 12 page 416 He was promoted to Lieutenant in October 1769 and to Captain in May 1773.Colonial Connecticut Records 1636-1776, Vol. 14 page 87 At a special meeting assembled in North Stratford on November 10, 1777 he was appointed to a committee to provide immediately all those necessaries for the Continental soldiers.
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Briggs, Asa, Social Thought and Social Action, page 25. The results of this study were published in 1901 in his book Poverty, A Study of Town Life. In Rowntree's work, he surveyed rich families in York and drew a poverty line in terms of a minimum weekly sum of money "necessary to enable families... to secure the necessaries of a healthy life" (quoted in Coates and Silburn, 1970). The money needed for this subsistence level of existence covered fuel and light, rent, food, clothing, household and personal items, adjusted according to family size.
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It is set down in the History of the Speculative Society that he read a paper there on 30 November 1790 on "The Effects of Taxation on the Necessaries of Life." He qualified as an Advocate in 1791, and became Sheriff-Depute of Berwickshire in 1809. In 1813 he succeeded William Craig, Lord Craig as Lord of Session 1813, and in 1816 he succeeded Lord Meadowbank as Lord of Justiciary, at which point he adopted the title Lord Reston. He was also a Senator of the Royal College of Justice.
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While inspecting the fortifications of "Wellington House" he was severely wounded, and obliged for a time to resign the command of his forces to Sir John Berkeley.Firth, Charles Harding, biography of Grenville, Richard (1600–1658), Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 23, (s:Grenville, Richard (1600–1658) (DNB00)), quoting Clarendon (History of the Rebellion), vol. ix, pp. 13–15. Wellington had probably been supplying Blake with necessaries for some time, and Colonel Bovet, a very ardent Parliamentarian, got possession of Popham's house and made it a stronghold for his party.
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However disheartened the pioneers remained at their post. For seven years they had not the consolation of registering one soul for the Catholic Church, yet the intrepid and courageous Allard wanted to push further his expeditions against paganism. He founded a new mission exclusively for the natives, to whom the missionaries wished to devote themselves altogether, and called that new mission St. Michael. Here they were destined to battle against many obstacles, privation of the necessaries of life, difficulty of communication and poverty, which drove the missionaries to the verge of starvation.
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Baldridge bought naval stores, clothing, alcohol, and other necessaries from Philipse and supplied them to pirates in Madagascar. Baldridge's flight from Madagascar in 1697 contributed to the subsequent decline of the Pirate Round. One of the most successful Roundsmen was Henry Every, who captured a ship personally owned by the emperor Aurangzeb of India, looting more than £325,000. Aurangzeb's enraged reaction against the British East India Company, and the Company's consequent appeals to Parliament for suppression of pirates, led to the disastrous decision to fund a privateer to hunt down the pirates.
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That island was reached on 10 May, the chief town occupied with very little fighting, and the governor forced to capitulate on 17 May. The Spaniards retired into the woods and hills, whence they continued their resistance; the expedition was badly equipped with provisions and other necessaries, and sickness decimated the ranks of the army.C.V. Black, History of Jamaica (London: Collins, 1975), pp. 46-57. The Spanish freed their slaves, who became Jamaican Maroons in the mountainous interior, and they fought on the side of the Spanish against the English invaders.
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Bottomore, Tom. (1991) A Dictionary of Marxist Thought.Blackwell Publishers: Massachusetts The land (economically speaking this also includes water) in its original state in which it supplies man with necessaries or means of subsistence ready to hand is available without any effort on his part as the universal material for human labour. All those things which labour merely separates from immediate connection with their environment are object of labour spontaneously provided by nature, such as fish caught and separated from their natural element, namely water, timber felled in virgin forests and ores extracted from their veins.
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Transportation developed in the late period of the Japanese occupation, as the Jungang Line and the Daegu Line and the connecting route between Pohang and the northwestern part of Japan were set up, leading to increasing population and developing commerce. After the 1960s, traditional periodic markets gradually transformed into regular markets as the city was flourishing. In periodic markets, agricultural and marine products, industrial products, living necessaries, wild edible greens, herbs, and cattle are mainly traded. As of 2006, Gyeongju had eight regular markets, nine periodic markets and the Gyeongju department store.
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In the ecclesiastical law of the Church of England, procuration is the provision of necessaries for bishops and archdeacons during their visitations of parochial churches in their dioceses. Procuration originally took the form of meat, drink, provender, and other accommodation, but was gradually changed to a sum of money. Procuration is an ecclesiastical due, and is therefore suable only in a spiritual court. In those dioceses where the bishops' estates have vested in the ecclesiastical commissioners, procurations are payable to the commissioners, who, however, have abandoned their collection.
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The Connecticut general assembly named Robert Hawley the Ensign of the North Stratford Train Band or Company of the 4th regiment of the Connecticut Colony militia in October 1765. He was promoted to Lieutenant in October 1769, and ultimately to Captain in May 1773. At a special meeting assembled in North Stratford on November 10, 1777, he was appointed to a committee to provide immediately all those necessaries for the Continental soldiers.A History of the Old Town of Stratford and the City of Bridgeport Connecticut, Reverend Samuel Orcutt, 1886, Vol.
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During the 1870s buffalo became scarce on the Canadian Prairies. Laird warned the federal government of the problem: > The threatened early extinction of the Buffalo is a question of grave > importance to the North West Territories of the Dominion. The flesh of that > animal forms the principal means of subsistence of several of the Indian > tribes, as well as a large number of the Half-breeds. The traffic in Buffalo > peltries likewise enters largely into the trade of the country, and enables > the natives to procure many of the necessaries of life.
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Ten years later, the revenues were materially increased. The Scottish house at Dalmulin on the north bank of the River Ayr, which was founded and endowed by Walter FitzAlan about 1221, was abandoned, and its possessions were transferred to the abbot and convent of Paisley Abbey in consideration of a yearly payment of 40 marks to Sempringham. The parish churches of Sempringham, Birthorpe, Billingborough, and Kirkby were already appropriated. Yet in 1247, Pope Innocent IV granted to the master the right to appropriate the church of Horbling, because there were 200 women in the priory who often lacked the necessaries of life.
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Smuts and his cabinet were blamed for many of the hardships that occurred as a result of South Africa's participation in World War II. During the war, petrol was rationed by means of coupons, and bakeries were ordered not to bake white bread so as to conserve wheat. After the war, some of these measures continued, as South Africa exported food and other necessaries to Britain and the Netherlands. South Africa even provided Britain with a loan of 4 million ounces of gold. These measures caused local shortages of meat and the unavailability of white bread.
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Commander Norwich Duff replaced Russell and under his command Espoir took part in operations against Washington, Baltimore, and New Orleans. Between 21 and 26 August 1814, Espoir captured three American sloops (Pilot, Mary Ann, and one with an indecipherable name) and two American schooners (William and Hornet). These captures occurred while Espoir participated in Admiral Alexander Cochrane's expedition in the Patuxent River, at Fort Washington, and Alexandria, between 22 and 29 August. Espoir shared in the proceeds of goods landed from transport ship Abeona, surgeon's necessaries, schooners Franklin and Saucy Jack, and flour, captured between 21 October and 6 November.
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In 1867, section six of the Metropolitan Streets Act effectively prohibited street trading. Following public meetings and press criticism, the act was amended within weeks. Section one of the Metropolitan Streets Act Amendment Act 1867 exempted traders but they were now subject to regulation by the police. The market was still on the High Street in 1878: > Saturday evenings the upper part of the street, thronged as it is with > stalls of itinerant vendors of the necessaries of daily life, and with the > dwellers in the surrounding districts, presents to an ordinary spectator all > the attributes of a market place.
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Retrieved September 2, 2014.Andrei Șerban. Encyclopedia.com. Web. Retrieved September 2, 2014. Performing for other bandleaders, Zummo has appeared in the Lounge Lizards, Gods and Monsters, Stephen Gaboury’s B-Twist Orchestra for the dance company Ballets with a Twist, Go: Organic Orchestra, Tilt Brass, Downtown Ensemble, Flexible Orchestra, The Necessaries, and Dinosaur L. He has also played in units put together by composers David Behrman, Philip Corner, Guy De Bievre, Tom Hamilton, William Hellerman, Annea Lockwood, Jackson MacLow, Ben Neill, Phill Niblock, Pauline Oliveros, Vernon Reid, Steve Swell, Yasunao Tone, Lise Vachon, Yoshi Wada, and others.
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On May 21, 1782, White was present with General Anthony Wayne in the movement before Savannah; and, on the evacuation of that place, returned to Charleston, South Carolina, where he became security for the debts of the officers and men of his regiments, who were in want of almost all the necessaries of life. These debts he was subsequently obliged to pay at enormous sacrifices of his own property, and, on returning to the North at the close of the war, his financial ruin was completed by entering into speculation at the persuasion of military friends.
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White Conduit Fields became the home venue of the White Conduit Club from around 1780, and it became a major venue again from 1784 to 1786 when at least four matches involving the club were played there. It is believed that the club members were dissatisfied with the venue because it was "too open" and so they sought a more private location. They authorised Thomas Lord, one of the ground staff bowlers, to do the necessaries and find another venue. Before the 1787 season, the club moved to what is now called Lord's Old Ground in Marylebone.
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Eleazar was exceedingly poor, and often lacked the necessaries of life.Ta'anit 25a Nevertheless, he would never accept any gifts, or even invitations to the patriarch's table. When any were extended to him, he would decline them with the remark, "It seems that you do not wish me to live long, since the Bible says,Proverbs 15:27 'He that hates gifts shall live'".Megillah 28a; Hullin 44b His scant earnings he would share with other needy scholars; thus, he once purposely lost a coin in order that poverty-stricken Shimon bar Abba, who was following him, might find it.
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In 1867, section six of the Metropolitan Streets Act effectively prohibited street trading. Following public meetings and press criticism, the act was amended within weeks. Section one of the Metropolitan Streets Act Amendment Act 1867 exempted traders but they were now subject to regulation by the police. The market was still on the High Street in 1878: > Saturday evenings the upper part of the street, thronged as it is with > stalls of itinerant vendors of the necessaries of daily life, and with the > dwellers in the surrounding districts, presents to an ordinary spectator all > the attributes of a market place.
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276, 289 Walpole also noted that de Critz painted a gilded "middle piece" for a ceiling at Oatlands Palace and repaired pictures, and he quoted a wardrobe account for work on the royal carriages: "To John De Critz, serjeant-painter, for painting and gilding with good gold the body and carriages of two coaches and the carriage of one chariot and other necessaries, 179l.3s.4d. anno 1634." De Critz gilded Maximilian Colt's marble effigy for the tomb of Elizabeth I, completed in 1606, which had been painted by Nicholas Hilliard. All traces of the painting and gilding have now disappeared.
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The keris is ornamented with > precious stones, like the keris with the curved scabbard in Bali. Speaking > generally, the Javanese people of Lucaantara spend their whole time in > sports and pastimes: they are especially addicted to cock-fighting. When it > was time to start on our voyage, I requested the syahbandar to inform the > King that the monsoon was now favourable for my return to my own country. > Provided with a stock of necessaries, I set out from Lucaantara, and after a > few days’ voyage arrived at the port of Blambangan, to the great > astonishment of the whole of Java.
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Yuen Tsuen Ancient Trail at Chai Wan Kok Yuen Tsuen Ancient Trail near Kat Hing Bridge, Tai Lam Chung Yuen Tsuen Ancient Trail (), also known as Yuen Tsuen Traditional Footpath, is a trail linking Yuen Long and Tsuen Wan in the New Territories of Hong Kong. The trail was the major trail for travelling between two major towns for villages trading their necessaries before the completion of Castle Peak Road. The trail routes along Tsuen Wan, Tsuen King Circuit, Ha Fa Shan, Shek Lung Kung, Sheung Tong, Tin Fu Tsai, Tai Lam Chung, Nam Hang Pai and Yuen Long.
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On October 1, 1789, Thomas set out for a trading post with a horse heavy laden with ginseng to barter for domestic necessaries. That afternoon, Jenny's brother-in-law, John Borders, heard owl-call signals in the woods that made him suspect Native Americans were in the area and planning an attack. He warned his sister-in-law to pack up her children and leave the cabin, but Jenny wanted to finish some household chores before leaving. A group of eleven Natives, composed of two Cherokees, three Shawnees, three Wyandots, and three Delawares, stormed the cabin.
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He was an unsuccessful candidate for lieutenant governor in 1903, was member of the Massachusetts Minimum Wage Commission, and was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1912. Olney was elected as a Democrat to the 64th, 65th and 66th United States Congresses, serving from March 4, 1915, to March 3, 1921. He was appointed a member of the World War Foreign Debt Commission in 1923 and reappointed by President Calvin Coolidge in 1925. He served as chairman of the Massachusetts Parole Board, and was chairman of the Massachusetts Commission of the Necessaries of Life from 1938 until his death.
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Enquire of the Captain on > board the vessel, off Walnut-street wharff, or of MEASE and CALDWELL. When a buyer was found, the sale would be recorded at the city court. The Philadelphia Mayor’s Court Indenture Book, page 742, for September 18, 1773 has the following entry:Record of Indentures, Philadelphia, 1771–1773, Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, 1973. > James Best, who was under Indenture of Redemption to Captain Stephen Jones > now cancelled in consideration of £ 15, paid for his Passage from London > bound a servant to David Rittenhouse of the City of Philadelphia & assigns > three years to be found all necessaries.
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It is not strictly correct to say that a minor contracts for necessaries. Rather, such an action against a minor is based upon the idea of quantum meruit. The plaintiff must always make out their case, which means that they must show that the goods were not only suitable to the minor's condition in life, but also that they were not sufficiently supplied at the time. The jury should decide issues of fact, but the judge should not put a question to the jury if there is no evidence upon which they could reasonably find in the affirmative.
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In 1859, Fraser's Ireland described Boyle as including a "sessions-house [courthouse], hospitals, schools, the houses and offices for the agents of the Lorton Estate, the police barracks, Church, Methodist chapel, public garden". The entry also noted the "preservation of the fine ruins of the Abbey of Boyle, one of the most interesting of all our ecclesiastical structures", and that the town was "one of the principal towns of County Roscommon, and carries on a considerable retail trade in the supply of necessaries for the surrounding district".Handbook for travellers in Ireland, descriptive of its scenery, towns, seats, antiquities etc. by James Fraser.
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Major Forster, the reputed general who was vested with full military and civil power and the authorities of a Commissioner to suppress Surendra Sai and his followers, was removed by the British authority in 1861 after three years in Sambalpur. His successor Major Impey could not defeat Sai. The British seized the entire food-stock of the rebels, stopped all resources of the supply of food and other necessaries of life for them. Major Impey abandoned the idea of violent war and cautiously followed the policy of peace and good-will with the approval of the Government of India.
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Accordingly, on 15 November, after burning their huts, the foot marched in the direction of Odiham, leaving the horse to cover their retreat. The garrison, though weakened by famine and want of rest, were determined to give their enemies a parting shot, and seized the opportunity. Cornet Bryan fell upon their retreating forces with a party of horse, and threw them into great disorder. On Tuesday, 19 November Gage proceeded to carry out his instructions, accompanied by 1,000 horse soldiers, each carrying on his saddle bow a sack of corn, and bearing around his waist a "skein of match", besides taking many cartloads of other necessaries.
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Minors cannot bind themselves to contracts other than those for necessaries, items that are necessary or beneficial to them. Capacity in English law refers to the ability of a contracting party to enter into legally binding relations. If a party does not have the capacity to do so, then subsequent contracts may be invalid; however, in the interests of certainty, there is a prima facie presumption that both parties hold the capacity to contract. Those who contract without a full knowledge of the relevant subject matter, or those who are illiterate or unfamiliar with the English language, will not often be released from their bargains.
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The association later became part of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. The 19th-century antiquarian Angharad Llwyd, who wrote a history of Anglesey at a time when Williams was at St Mary’s, noted that "this benevolent gentleman, aided by his lady, ever alert in the cause of humanity, are generally among the first on the shore, in case of accident, well supplied with restoratives, and other necessaries, to comfort and protect the suffering mariners." Williams was a magistrate and also had an interest in agriculture, contributing some notes to a book on cattle breeding in 1869. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the National Eisteddfod.
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However, the colonists' food supplies soon began to grow short, and in late 1587 the settlers pressed White to return to England "for the better and sooner obtaining of supplies, and other necessaries."Milton, p240 Because the colony had been deposited in Roanoke rather than the Chesapeake area, supply ships from England ignorant of Fernandez's change of plan would most likely not land in Roanoke at all, and the settlement might not survive the coming winter.Miller, Lee, p.132. Retrieved April 2011 White was reluctant to abandon his colony, anxious that his enemies in England "would not spare to slander [him] falsely" should he leave,Milton, p.
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Despite his limited education, Higgs read widely in politics and became an avowed socialist. He was prominent in the Australian Socialist League, and in 1891 appeared as a witness before the Royal Commission on Strikes. He provided the inquiry with an analysis of the history and theory of socialism, and told it that "the State should be the sole employer of labour [...] it should provide everything, all the necessaries of life and all the comforts". Higgs was secretary of the South Sydney Labor Electoral League, and at the 1891 election stood unsuccessfully as a candidate in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of South Sydney.
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There is an order in all successive changes (Vacaspati in his Tattva–vaivasaradi (III.15). Dharma, which provides security, peace and well-being, is concerned equally to the individual and his other worldly interests and to the worldly interest of the individual, family and society. Dharma embraces man’s life as a whole. The two goals of man’s individual and collective existence signified by the words abhyudaya ('prosperity') and nihsreyasa ('necessaries') are attained by following a two-fold dharma – 1) Pravritti Lakshana Dharma ('religion of action') that is characterized by action and 2) Nivritti Lakshana Dharma ('religion of renunciation') which is characterized by freedom from action.
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Linnaeus presented early ideas found in modern aspects to human ecology, including the balance of nature while highlighting the importance of ecological functions (ecosystem services or natural capital in modern terms): "In exchange for performing its function satisfactorily, nature provided a species with the necessaries of life" The work of Linnaeus influenced Charles Darwin and other scientists of his time who used Linnaeus' terminology (i.e., the economy and polis of nature) with direct implications on matters of human affairs, ecology, and economics. Ecology is not just biological, but a human science as well. An early and influential social scientist in the history of human ecology was Herbert Spencer.
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Following the downturn in the fortunes of the Royalists, Sainthill fled the Parliamentarian army, which led by General Fairfax had set up quarters at Bradninch on 16 October 1645.Lysons, Daniel & Lysons, Samuel, Magna Britannia, Vol.6, Devonshire, London, 1822 In the early autumn of 1645 Sainthill sought refuge with his wife and children in the walled City of Exeter, nine miles south-west of Bradninch. Following the surrender of Exeter to the Parliamentarian forces on 9 April 1646, he received a pass from Fairfax, which allowed him to leave with "freedom from molestation for himself, with his servants, horses, arms, and necessaries",Worthies of Blundell's, p.
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The three tracks recorded were "Problems", "No Feelings" and "Pretty Vacant"; there are persistent rumours that he played guitar and bass on their debut album, Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols, however guitarist Steve Jones denies this entirely. The following year, Spedding featured extensively on the concept album Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds, issued in 1978. Spedding moved to New York City, joined the Necessaries as a guitarist and songwriter, collaborated with drummer/percussionist David Van Tieghem, and worked extensively with Robert Gordon. Before long he was back in the UK and recorded another album of his own, I'm Not Like Everybody Else (1980).
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Between 6 June and 18 September that year, Adam was given a total of thirteen pounds and twenty-two pence to buy himself "equipment and other necessaries" (armatura et alia necessaria) to take part in Edward's Scottish campaign that autumn. This suggests he was somewhere in his teens, born between about 1303 and 1309. The money was paid in five instalments, either to Adam directly or to his 'magister' (tutor) Hugh Chastilloun. Adam died during the campaign, of unknown causes, and was buried at Tynemouth Priory on 30 September 1322; his father paid for a silk cloth with gold thread to be placed over his body.
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209 :"(His) principal place of dwelling was at Warleigh within the same parish, a seat both pleasant and profitable, situated by the Tamer side, having a fair demesne and a park adjoining, wanting no necessaries that land or sea afford". His descendant Robert Foliot is stated by Pole to have held Warleigh and Tamerton in 1242,Pole, p.335, regnal date 27 Henry III during the reign of King Henry III, and to have left an only daughter and sole heiress Ellen Foliot, who married Sir Ralph de Gorges, to whose family passed the Foliot estates, including Warleigh, Tamerton Foliot and Tavy Foliot.Risdon, p.
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Captain Parker described the march discipline – "As we marched through the country of our Allies, commissars were appointed to furnish us with all manner of necessaries for man and horse ... the soldiers had nothing to do but pitch their tents, boil kettles and lie down to rest."Chandler: Marlborough as Military Commander, p. 131. The Allied march had not been without loss: French spies reported that 900 sick had been left at Kassel. In response to Marlborough's manoeuvres, the Elector and Marsin, conscious of their numerical disadvantage with only 40,000 men, moved their forces to the entrenched camp at Dillingen on the north bank of the Danube.
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After hearing evidence, the trial judge held that Inman was actually a minor and that he already had enough clothing at the time of sale. For this reason, the trial judge found that there was no evidence that the clothing could possibly be considered to be in the class of necessaries, and directed the jury to enter judgment in favour of Inman. Nash appealed, claiming that the judge had decided the issues of fact, instead of letting the jury decide. Each of the three members of the Court agreed that the trial judge was correct in ordering judgment to be entered for the defendant, but each gave a separate opinion.
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Thomas Hickey's painting An Indian Lady (Indian bibi Jemdanee), believed to depict William's Bengali partner Jemdanee, 1787, National Gallery of Ireland, DublinHermione De Almeida, George H. Gilpin, Indian Renaissance: British Romantic Art and the Prospect of India, Ashgate Publishing, 2005, p. 85. Upon arriving in India, Hickey was expected to join the British East India Company army as an officer cadet, but he was put off the prospect when he learned that the pay was "too contemptible to afford the common necessaries of life". He got back on the Plassey to return to England. The ship travelled on first to China, of which he gives an account in his memoirs.
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Strigolactones are known to stimulate the germination of arbuscular mycorrhiza spores. Since they produce this effect at extremely low concentrations, it has been proposed that the mechanism of activation must be a signaling pathway. Different studies with diverse type of fungi, have found that after stimulation with strigolactones, the fungal cells present a higher amount of mitochondria and an increase in their oxidative activity. Due to the role of mitochondria in oxidative metabolism of macronutrients, it is thought that the spores remain inactive before finding the host plant, and once they are stimulated with strigolactones, the oxidative machinery in the mitochondrion gets activated to produce energy and nutrients necessaries for germination of the spore and fungal branching.
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Obliged, from all the symptoms of a rapid decay, to quit her service, she is gone to a room almost without common necessaries, untended and unmourned. In circumstances so distressing, to whom can she so naturally look for aid as to the father of her child, the man for whose sake she has suffered many a sad and anxious night, shut from the world, with no other companions than guilt and solitude? You have now an opportunity to evince you indeed possess those fine feelings you have delineated, so as to claim the just admiration of your country. I am convinced I need add nothing farther to persuade you to act as every consideration of humanity must dictate.
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Also from the very beginning CDN takes part in the Youth program of the European Commission, mainly through Exchanges. According to the changes in the Youth program (from 2007 "Youth in Action") future youth work in Eastern Europe will be closer to its necessaries. Further more activities are realized through the support of the Bundesverwaltungsamt, Referat Internationaler Jugendaustausch im Bereich des Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend sowie des Auswärtigen Amtes (German Federal office for international youth exchange within the range of the Federal Ministry for family, seniors, women and youth as well as the Foreign Office) as well as Member of the European Parliament and the Federation of Young European Greens.
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According to legend, Modestini's generosity to the poor knew no bounds, so that one day there was not even a loaf of bread for his own household. When still another poor man came, he asked his wife to look to see if there was not something they could find for him. That vexed her and she scolded him severely; his mortifications, she said, had well nigh crazed him, he would keep giving so long that they themselves would have to suffer hunger. Modestini asked her gently to please look in the pantry, for he trusted that Christ, who had multiplied loaves to bread to feed thousands, to bring the necessaries to the sick.
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The Rabbis prohibited the exportation of provisions which are necessaries of life, such as fruits, wines, oils, and firewood, and ordered that these provisions should be sold directly to the consumer in order to save to the purchaser the middleman's profit.Bava Batra 90b,91a Another ordinance was directed against the raising of small livestock (sheep and goats) except in woods or barren territory, in order to preserve the cultivated lands from injury.Bava Kamma 49b To secure an adequate supply of slaves, the Mosaic law providing for the freedom of a slave who had fled from his master (Deut. 23:15) was made applicable to a slave escaping from other lands, but not to a slave escaping from the land.
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Minimum wage legislation emerged at the end of the nineteenth century from the desire to end sweated labor which had developed in the wake of industrialization. Sweatshops employed large numbers of women and young workers, paying them what were considered nonliving wages that did not allow workers to afford the necessaries of life. Besides substandard wages, sweating was also associated with long work hours and unsanitary and unsafe work conditions. From the 1890s to the 1920s, during the Progressive Era, a time of social activists and political reform across the United States, progressive reformers, women's organizations, religious figures, academics, and politicians all played an important role in getting state minimum wage laws passed throughout the United States.
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Aleister Crowley described the Cakes of Light in his book Magick in Theory and Practice: "The Cakes of Light are universally applicable; they contain meal, honey, and oil (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, the three necessaries of human nutrition): also the perfume of the three essential types of magical and curative virtue; the subtle principle of animal life itself is fixed in them by the introduction of fresh living blood." Some commentators have interpreted this to mean that the "blood" component mentioned in The Book of the Law can be any type of animal blood or meat,Crowley, Aleister. Magick in Theory and Practise, Chapter XX. or can be formed from menstrual blood or semen.Crowley, Aleister.
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The Themptander ministry resigned. The King retained, however, for a time several members of the ministry, but it was difficult to find a premier who would be able, during the transition from one system to another, to command sufficient authority to control the parties. At last Baron Gillis Bildt, who, while Swedish ambassador in Berlin, had witnessed the introduction by Otto von Bismarck of the agrarian protectionist system in Germany, accepted the premiership, and it was under his auspices that the two chambers imposed a series of duties on necessaries of life. The new taxes, together with an increase of the excise duty on spirits, soon brought a surplus into the state coffers.
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In these she updates him on family and political news but also voices her concerns that the expedition to Botany Bay has been forgotten and that "never was anything of the kind undertaken that seemed so little to interest the publick." She supplied David with necessaries, sending out clothes, newspapers and Edmund Burke's pamphlet on HMS Gorgon, but urged him "to come home my dearest love and resume your place in the world and no longer be buried in oblivion." In October 1793, Maria wrote to tell him that his father had died and the financial effects this had had on his family and his mother who was now forced to take lodgings in Plymouth. They were apart for ten years.
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Carl Warburg lived in poverty in his old age. Writing in 1870 – then aged in his 60s – he stated that he was a "poor man", "impoverished" due to the cost of having produced and donated, over the course of several decades, a total of in excess of 80,000 bottles of his tincture to physicians and hospitals for medical trials, which had a commercial value of many thousands of pounds. In 1878, three years after disclosing the formula of Warburg's Tincture, he was described as living in "deplorable circumstances" and "in need of the commonest necessaries of life".The British Medical Journal, edition 1878-9-18The Times, September 1878, letter from Prof W.C. Maclean In 1882 the British Government gave Warburg £200 in recognition of his work.
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This ensemble was frequently augmented in live and studio performances by the likes of Chatham, David Byrne, Jon Gibson, Peter Gordon, Jerry Harrison, Garrett List (who succeeded Russell as musical director of The Kitchen), Andy Paley, Lenny Pickett and Peter Zummo. During the same period, various permutations of this ensemble, together with Glenn Iamaro, Bill Ruyle and Jon Sholle, performed & recorded excerpts from Instrumentals, a 48-hour- long orchestral work that constituted Russell's first major work in the idiom. Selections from the Instrumentals sessions were eventually collected on an eponymously titled album, released by Belgian label Disques du Crepuscule in 1984. The collaboration among Russell (once again as a keyboardist), Brooks, and Chamberlain extended into The Necessaries, a power pop quartet fronted by guitarist Ed Tomney.
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The expression of intent of a person who has no capacity to make juridical acts is void. An expression is also void which is made by a person who, though not without capacity to make juridical acts, in a condition of unconsciousness or mental disorder. A person who has no capacity to make juridical acts shall be represented by his guardian for making or receiving an expression of intent. The making or receiving of an expression of intent of a person who is limited in capacity to make juridical acts must be approved by his guardian, except when the expression of intent relates to the pure acquisition of a legal advantage, or to the necessaries of life according to his age and status.
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In John Wesley's analysis of the Sermon on the Mount, chapter five outlines "the sum of all true religion", allowing chapter six to detail "rules for that right intention which we are to preserve in all our outward actions, unmixed with worldly desires or anxious cares for even the necessaries of life" and this chapter to provide "cautions against the main hinderances of religion".Wesley, J., Sermon 21, Upon Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount: Discourse One, accessed 10 August 2019 Within the chapter there are several themes, with verses 1–12 dealing with judging and discernment.Talbert, Charles H. Matthew. . pp. 91–95. Matthew 7:1-5 relates the guidance on The Mote and the Beam, which has a parallel in Luke 6:37-42.
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Whether any building had begun at Collingwood by 8 February 1878, when the article was written, cannot be known from the article's content, but it nonetheless seems clear that plans for the new town were proceeding, for the correspondent was at least right in believing that a postal service to an uninhabited spot would be pointless. There was more explicit news of Collingwood's founding in an article written only the next month. > The most exciting news I have heard for some time is that a township is to > be proclaimed at our celebrated Conn Waterhole (at the junction of the > Western and Diamantina), and that Messrs. Clifton and Aplin, of Townsville, > intend putting up a large store to supply us with the necessaries and > luxuries of life.
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The Company wrote to Woodhouse telling him of the "purpose and consultation by so many of his company ... to raise a stock to furnish out some ships of war for the defense of the island and for the West Indian coast, which [ships] shall make their rendezvous to and from the Somers Island." In 1624, Woodhouse told the overseers of the colony to watch for "the hard usage of any maisters towards their servants", and to ensure the servants had sufficient "victuall, apparell, lodgeing and necessaries convenient for them." In 1626, Margaret Heyling stole a turkey and was ordered to make public penance in church for six months. At her trial, a first jury found was fined and imprisoned for giving a "not guilty" verdict.
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But if the other person did know or should have known, then the mentally incapacitated individual may no longer have agreements for non-necessaries enforced upon them. Third, companies can generally bind themselves to any agreement, even though many (particularly older) companies have a limited range of objects that their members (in most companies this means shareholders) have consented that the business is for. Under the Companies Act 2006 sections 39 and 40, if a third party contracting with the company in bad faith takes advantage of a director or officer to procure an agreement, that contract will be wholly void. This is a high threshold, and in practice no longer relevant, particularly since 2006 companies may elect to have unrestricted objects.
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Macmillan and CO., 1901 Rowntree defined the poverty line in terms of a minimum weekly sum of money "necessary to enable families... to secure the necessaries of a healthy life", including fuel and light, rent, food, clothing, and household and personal items. This was quantified using scientific methods that hadn't been applied to the study of poverty before. For example, he consulted leading nutritionists of the period to discover the minimum calorific intake and nutritional balance necessary before people got ill or lost weight. He then surveyed the prices of food in York to discover what the cheapest prices in the area for the food needed for this minimum diet were and used this information to set his poverty line.
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In order for an individual to succeed in claiming mental incapacity, they must prove that any impairment was such that they did not understand what they were doing, and that the other party was aware of this.Koffman, Macdonald, 473 Lord Brightman stated in Hart v O'Connor,Hart v O'Connor [1985] AC 1000 Such an approach differs from that taken with minors, where the other contracting party need not know they are dealing with a minor, in order to be bound.Halson, 245 Whilst there is no absolute standard for a party to be deemed capable of contracting, they must at least know the principles of what they are contracting for, to legally bind themselves. As with minors however, an incapacitated person is bound by statute regarding contracts for necessaries.
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In that capacity, Hoge introduced a "Marriage Bill" to prohibit polygamy and restrict who could perform marriages. In February 1890, his military pension was set at $10 per month, due to the board of surgeons finding that he remained totally deaf in the right ear, and slightly deaf in the left ear. By 1904, it was reported that his income from the practice of law "had ceased almost entirely and to the extent that it fails to furnish him the common necessaries of life", that his law library and office furniture had been destroyed in a fire and his only property consisted of $150 to $200 worth of household goods, and that he had no other income. In light of these circumstances, his military pension was increased to $30 per month.
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" > "She with her father, mother, brothers, and sisters, came to Galway about > six weeks ago, in the hope of obtaining some charitable relief, and during > that period have been begging in the streets, and about the country. The > parents of the deceased formerly resided on the estate of Thomas Martin, > Esq, MP. When Doctor Staunton was called on he found deceased is a state of > inanition, except an occasional convulsive action of the muscles, and her > body might be said to be literally skin and bone – with all the appearance > of starvation. She was so exhausted, as not to be able to use the food > supplied to her. The Jury found that her death was caused for want of the > common necessaries of life, before she received relief at the Presentation > Convent.
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Cale produced the single "Re Bop" in New York, and when he decided to start a record label with Jane Friedman he asked Esteban to assist. Cale later introduced Esteban to Zilkha, and they first established SPY Records to release singles produced by Cale, including records by Harry Toledo, the Necessaries, Lester Bangs, Model Citizens and Bob Neuwirth. Zilkha and Esteban then left to set up their own label, ZE Records, a name taken from the initials of their surnames, to record the new music emerging in New York and elsewhere from a fusion of punk, disco and new wave music. Much of the music produced by the company later became categorised as either "Mutant Disco" – a title used for one of ZE's early compilation albums - or "No Wave".
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Plato, the philosopher, was Critias's nephew, and used banausos in much the same sense, although in the Republic he preferred the installation of philosophers, such as himself, above the hoplites, who were in turn above the artisan. It was also current among the first generation of his pupils, such as Aristotle, who writes, "Those who provide necessaries for an individual are slaves, and those who provide them for society are handicraftsmen and day-laborers." Plato further held that commerce had a corrupting influence in communities and acquisition of wealth destroyed their - homonoia (like-mindedness) and was the principal cause of - stasis (faction). He also held that "merchants and craftsmen would be less willing to defend the civic territory than farmers would" and commerce and mercantilism had a morally corrupting influence.
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As Archbishop he is mainly remembered today for overseeing the building of the walls of Cashel town.Cashel Public Realm Plan January 2008 The archdiocese suffered greatly during the Bruce campaign in Ireland in 1315-1318 and Fitzjohn found himself in severe financial difficulty as a result. In 1320 the King wrote to the Pope asking for the Archbishop to be released from paying certain debts, on account of the invasion : "he has not received the least profits out of his See, but was obliged to run into debt with his neighbours and friends even for necessaries." To assist Fitzjohn financially, the King appointed him Keeper of the Rolls,Ball F. Elrington The Judges in Ireland 1221-1921 John Murray London 1926 with an income of £500 a year.
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The master, chaplains, and brethren of the hospital, were to keep a good table, dress neatly, and provide themselves with proper necessaries and conveniences out of their annual revenues, and apply the remainder to the relief of the poor, and helpless strangers. At the Dissolution of the Monasteries between 1536 and 1541, it came, with the manor and villa, into the possession of the Collingwoods of Eslington. It belonged to Sir Cuthbert Collingwood; and to Robert Collingwood. By 1702, it was the seat and manor of William Brown, High Sheriff of Northumberland in that year; and of Nicholas Brown, high sheriff of Northumberland, 1748; and afterwards of his son-in-law, Matthew Forster a younger branch of the house of Etherstone, and who was high sheriff of Northumberland in 1765.
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The classical political economists, such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo, raised the economic question of which kinds of labour contributed to increasing society's wealth, as against activities which do not increase wealth. In the introduction to The Wealth of Nations, Smith spoke of the "annual labour" and "the necessaries and conveniences" a nation "annually consumes" before explaining that one of the two steps to increase wealth is reducing the amount of "unproductive labour". "Annual" and "annually" refer to a cyclical reproduction process; "unproductive labour" are commodities and services which are not inputs to the next economic circle and are therefore lost to economic growth. In contrast, theories with no such time horizon tend to understand Smith's unproductive labour as referring to services, and productive labour as meaning vendible goods.
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John Doyle said in the Irish House of Commons that year: :It has, I fear, been mischievously insinuated amongst the peasantry, that they are liable to be sent on foreign service. Their suspicions on that subject have been considerably encreased by the recollection of a circumstance which every man must remember. A regiment was raised by a gentleman of another country, under the idea of serving within the realm; from being clad in green, they were, by the people, called the Green Linnets. These men were assembled without arms, for the declared purpose of inspecting their necessaries, when they were immediately surrounded by four regiments of infantry, and one of cavalry, and marched like convicts on board a ship for the West Indies, from whence few, if any, ever returned.
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Nowadays the dependence of the working classes is secured in a less direct but equally efficacious manner, viz. by means of the superior power of capital; the labourer being forced, in order to get his subsistence, to place his labour power entirely at the disposal of the capitalist. So there is a semblance of liberty; but in reality the labourer is exploited and subjected, because, all the land having been appropriated, he cannot procure his subsistence directly from nature, and, goods being produced for the market and not for the producer's own use, he cannot subsist without capital. Wages will rise above what is wanted for the necessaries of life, where the labourer is able to earn his subsistence on free land, which has not yet become private property.
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He was a member of an association of Roman Catholic unmarried gentlemen of property, organised by Father George Gilbert, SJ, and solemnly blessed by Pope Gregory XIII in 1580. The association's purpose was to raise funds for the support of priests, to convert Protestants, and, at a time when priests traveled in disguise, without papers of identification, to arrange for introductions which would guard both priests and laity against betrayal. The members undertook to content themselves with the bare necessaries of their state of life, to spend the remainder of their goods in the cause of the Church, and to devote themselves wholly to the salvation of souls and the conversion of heretics. At this time Father Robert Persons, SJ and Edmund Campion were preparing for a vigorous propaganda through the press.
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On May 8, 1775, after the Revolutionary War had begun, Church became a member of an examining board for surgeons for the army. A June 19 resolution ordered "that Dr. Church, Dr. Taylor, and Dr. Whiting be a committee to consider what method is proper to take to supply the hospitals with surgeons and that the same gentlemen be a committee to provide medicine and other necessaries for hospitals." As the chairman of a subcommittee of the Committee of Safety, he signed a report on May 12 which recommended a system of defensive works on Prospect Hill and Bunker Hill. Colleagues noted, however, that he had insisted on entering Boston soon after the Battle of Lexington and Concord, and while there he was seen in conference with British General Thomas Gage; he claimed to have been arrested and released.
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Little children and animals (for instance handmade deer, wild boars, rhinos, elephants, and lions) could perform in this set. "Then, by degrees, they must appear, as coming out of their dens, upon the Plain: The Hunter he must come with his hunting Pole, Nets, Arrows, and other necessaries, that may represent hunting: Let there be Horns, Cornets, Trumpets sounded: those that are in the Chamber shall see Trees, Animals, Hunters Faces, and all the rest so plainly, that they cannot tell whether they be true or delusions: Swords drawn will glister in at the hole, that they will make people almost afraid." Della Porta claimed to have shown such spectacles often to his friends. They admired it very much and could hardly be convinced by Della Porta's explanations that what they had seen was really an optical trick.
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He wrote that "there have fallen upon this [fifth] chapter the vulgar hogs and asses, jurists and sophists, the right hand of the pope and his Mamelukes." In John Wesley's analysis of the Sermon on the Mount, chapter five outlines "the sum of all true religion", allowing chapter 6 to detail "rules for that right intention which we are to preserve in all our outward actions, unmixed with worldly desires or anxious cares for even the necessaries of life" and chapter 7 to provide "cautions against the main hinderances of religion".Wesley, J., Sermon 21, Upon Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount: Discourse One, accessed 10 August 2019 The source of Matthew 5 is uncertain. It contains only a handful of parallels with Mark, but does have a number of loose parallels with Luke's Sermon on the Plain.
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Niddah 20a; Avodah Zarah 31a It is related of him that once while walking on the mole of Caesarea and seeing a Roman that had escaped from shipwreck in utter destitution, he took him to his house and provided him with clothing and all necessaries, including money. Later this castaway became proconsul of Caesarea, and occasion soon offered itself to show his gratitude to his rescuer, when Jews involved in a political disturbance were arrested, and he released them on Bar Kappara's intervention.Ecclesiastes Rabbah 11:1, on "Cast thy bread upon the waters" Upon Bar Kappara's death, Rabbi Yohanan went to Parod (פרוד or פארוד) in order to question people who may have remembered sayings that were passed down in the name of Bar Kappara.Avodah Zarah 31a Nothing further is known of this place; Bacher"Agada der Tannaiten," ii.
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Sheriff provided "spices and necessaries" to Princess Elizabeth when she was living in exile at Hatfield House. Sheriff remained unwaveringly loyal to her during this difficult period, and in 1559 following her accession he was granted a coat of arms produced by Herald's College with the Queen's approval, the main feature of which is a griffin, the traditional guardian of treasures. In the New Year's Gift list for 1562 there was a record of an exchange of gifts between Sheriff and the Queen; he gave her "a sugar loaf, a box of ginger, a box of nutmegs and a pound of cinnamon", she in return gave him "one gilt salt with a cover (weighing 7 oz.)". Throughout his life he bought extensive property in the areas of Rugby, Brownsover and London, including the estate of Conduit Close in Middlesex.
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Paul Jennings, the former slave of the Madisons, later recalled in his memoir, > In the last days of her life, before Congress purchased her husband's > papers, she was in a state of absolute poverty, and I think sometimes > suffered for the necessaries of life. While I was a servant to Mr. Webster, > he often sent me to her with a market-basket full of provisions, and told me > whenever I saw anything in the house that I thought she was in need of, to > take it to her. I often did this, and occasionally gave her small sums from > my own pocket, though I had years before bought my freedom of her."Paul > Jennings", Documents of the American South, University of North Carolina In 1848, Congress agreed to buy the rest of James Madison's papers for the sum of $22,000 or $25,000.
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Just before the sailing they lined up for inspection at Mount Pleasant – referred to at the time as "an elevated and much frequented place overlooking the town". The upkeep of uniform was highly important, with M'Kerlie observing: A list of the men's "necessaries" compiled by Captain Moore includes reference to a "queue" or "platt", and there is also quoted the following entry: The shirts too were frilled at the breast, the ruffles, M'Kerlie says, were changed twice in the week. The battalion officers' uniform in this period would typically consist of: long coats and cocked hats, white feathers topped with black, white breeches and long boots, with steel mounted half basket swords, facings in dark blue (royal), with gold lace and gold epaulets. While in Ireland the long coat was replaced by the Austrian fashioned jacket with short broad skirts.
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As Hobbie Elliot was returning over a wild moor from a day's sport, thinking of the legends he had heard of its supernatural occupants after nightfall, he was overtaken by Patrick Earnscliff, whose father had been killed in a quarrel with the laird of Ellislaw, Richard Vere. The moon suddenly revealed the figure of a human dwarf, who, on being spoken to, refused their offers of assistance, and bid them begone. Having invited Earnscliff to sup with his womenfolks, and pass the night at his farm, Hobbie accompanied him next morning to confront the strange being by daylight; and having assisted him in collecting stones for constructing a hut, they supplied him with food and other necessaries. In a short time he had completed his dwelling, and became known to the neighbours, for whose ailments he prescribed, as Elshender the Recluse.
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The customs duties were, however, altered several times in accordance with market prices and ruling circumstances. When the import duty on ungrounded barley was reduced in 1892, the same duties were also retained for the following year. They were also retained for 1894 at the request of the government, which desired to keep faith with their promise that while the new organization of the army was going on no increase of duties on the necessaries of life should take place. This measure caused much dissatisfaction, and gave rise to a strong agrarian movement in consequence of which the government, in the beginning of 1895, before the assembling of the Riksdag, made use of its right of raising the two duties on barley just referred to, which were afterwards somewhat reduced as far as seed barley for sowing purposes was concerned.
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He was kept at school until 1545, when he was thirteen, at which time he was sent by his father to Flanders and France 'to learn those languages and to know the world' He spent seven years in Flanders 'following the trade of merchandise', which Williamson suggests was his term of apprenticeship to the Company of Merchant Adventurers. In 1552 he went to Spain, following his business as a merchant, and there and at Lisbon saw the trade of the Spanish West Indies, and the East Indies. During 24 years he travelled, and was captain of a ship of one thousand tons trading in the Levant. In the course of his voyages he met Martin Frobisher, and in 1576 entered into a scheme for a voyage in search of the Northwest Passage, supplying many of the necessaries at his own cost.
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76–77Sheehan, 1974: p. 171Rockwell, 2010: p. 88 In an 1803 private letter to William Henry Harrison, Jefferson wrote: :To promote this disposition to exchange lands, which they have to spare and we want, for necessaries, which we have to spare and they want, we shall push our trading uses, and be glad to see the good and influential individuals among them run in debt, because we observe that when these debts get beyond what the individuals can pay, they become willing to lop them off by a cession of lands.... In this way our settlements will gradually circumscribe and approach the Indians, and they will in time either incorporate with us as citizens of the United States, or remove beyond the Mississippi. The former is certainly the termination of their history most happy for themselves; but, in the whole course of this, it is essential to cultivate their love.
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There are several elements in Marx's presentation which attest to his familiarity with Mill's formulations, notably Mill's treatment of what Marx would subsequently call counteracting tendencies: destruction of capital through commercial revulsions §5, improvements in production §6, importation of cheap necessaries and instruments §7, and emigration of capital §8.John Stuart Mill [1965] Principles of Political Economy with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy, University of Toronto PressShoul, Bernice (1965) 'Similarities in the work of John Stuart Mill and Karl Marx', Science & Society, 29 (3), Summer, pp. 270-295.Joseph A. Schumpeter History of Economic Analysis Allen & Unwin 1954 p.652fn18 "In Marx's system, as in Mill's the falling rate of profit is a long-run tendency precisely because of the "counteracting influences at work which thwart and annul the effects of this general law, leaving to it merely the character of a tendency.
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A monument of the Ten Commandments at the Texas State Capitol Like the aforementioned Calvinist groups, the early Methodists, who were Arminian in theology, were known for "religiously keeping the Sabbath day". They regarded "keeping the Lord's Day as a duty, a delight, and a means of grace". The General Rules of the Methodist Church require "attending upon all the ordinances of God" including "the public worship of God" and prohibit "profaning the day of the Lord, either by doing ordinary work therein or by buying or selling". The Sunday Sabbatarian practices of the earlier Wesleyan Methodist Church in Great Britain are described by Jonathan Crowther in A Portraiture of Methodism: In the past, individuals who engaged in buying and selling (with exception of medicine for the sick and necessaries for funerals) on the Christian Sabbath were to be excommunicated from the Wesleyan Methodist Church according to its Discipline.
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James Williams, rector of St Mary's from 1821 to 1872, helped to establish the Anglesey Association for the Preservation of Lives from Shipwreck in 1828, in the wake of a storm that caused a boat to sink with 140 deaths. He was awarded a gold medal by the Royal National Institute for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (later renamed the Royal National Lifeboat Institution) in 1835, for his efforts in the rescue of a boat during a gale. Angharad Llwyd, writing when Williams was at St Mary's, noted that "this benevolent gentleman, aided by his lady, ever alert in the cause of humanity, are generally among the first on the shore, in case of accident, well supplied with restoratives, and other necessaries, to comfort and protect the suffering mariners." The artist Sir Kyffin Williams (1918–2006) was a great-grandson of James and his wife Frances.
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In truck systems, apparently "independent" farmers were reduced to dependent status through debt. They were forced to accept payment for their crops at lower prices and to accept payment in kind with store goods at inflated prices. The truck system was found widely in Britain, the Caribbean, Newfoundland and Australia in the same period. Lt. Governor John Graves Simcoe had recognized this fact in Upper Canada as early as 1792: "At present the Farmer has no other means of obtaining such necessaries as he may want, but by bartering the produce of his Land for them with the petty Merchant, who by this means sets his own price on both commodities…" The struggle between merchant and farmer was thus one for independence; for farmers in particular, from those debts which allowed merchants to demand sole rights to surpluses, and to dictate the price paid for that surplus.
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However, he considered the best example of an occupation that never suited society well to be the speculator and the stock-jobber (stock broker): "The object of those employed in these occupations, is not to produce any of the necessaries and comforts of life. Different persons may have other opinions of the moral character of these occupations, but all must agree that they are useless, and unproductive to the community." He then finished the chapter by stating the duties of man and government: each man must endeavor to foster the longevity of civilization, and no man has the warranted right to be a mindless being, by using his time repugnantly or by engaging in uncongenial pursuit. For him, government is an imperative and a paramount concern to stifle all occupations that are grotesque and a blight to mankind and, as much as possible, not to facilitate them.
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Ever bold, Smith delivered what must have been a wake-up call to the investors in London. In what has been termed "Smith's Rude Answer", he composed a letter, writing (in part): > When you send again I entreat you rather send but thirty Carpenters, > husbandmen, gardiners, fishermen, blacksmiths, masons and diggers up of > trees, roots, well provided; than a thousand of such awe have: for except > wee be able both to lodge them and feed them, the most will consume with > want of necessaries before they can be made good for anything. Smith did begin his letter with something of an apology, saying "I humbly intreat your Pardons if I offend you with my rude Answer...", although at the time, the word 'rude' was acknowledged to mean 'unfinished' or 'rural', in the same way modern English uses 'rustic'. There are strong indications that those in London comprehended and embraced Smith's message.
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Park is the founder of the charitable foundation, JS Foundation, set up in 2011, which develop and launch charity programs that will support football infrastructure and also the necessaries of life. He is hosting the Suwon JS Cup, contested between South Korea and guest youth teams, for development of the Korean youth players since 2015. He has participated in the Asian Dream Cup annual charity event with a team entitled "Park Ji-Sung and Friends". Fellow professionals who have played with him at the event include fellow South Korean internationals Ahn Jung-hwan and Lee Chung-yong, North Korean international Jong Tae-se and United teammate and former England captain Rio Ferdinand, while celebrities who have also done so include current cast members and alumni of the popular SBS variety show Running Man, including actor Song Joong-ki, singer Kim Jong-kook and rapper Gary.
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Booth set the line at 10 (50p) to 20 shillings (£1) per week, which he considered to be the minimum amount necessary for a family of four or five people to subsist on. Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree (1871–1954), a British sociological researcher, social reformer and industrialist, surveyed rich families in York, and drew a poverty line in terms of a minimum weekly sum of money "necessary to enable families … to secure the necessaries of a healthy life", which included fuel and light, rent, food, clothing, and household and personal items. Based on data from leading nutritionists of the period, he calculated the cheapest price for the minimum calorific intake and nutritional balance necessary, before people get ill or lose weight. He considered this amount to set his poverty line and concluded that 27.84% of the total population of York lived below this poverty line. p.
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Jarley's well- appointed van: :'One half of it...was carpeted, and so partitioned off at the further end as to accommodate a sleeping-place, constructed after the fashion of a berth on board ship, which was shaded, like the windows, with fair white curtains... The other half served for a kitchen, and was fitted up with a stove whose small chimney passed through the roof. It also held a closet or larder, several chests, a great pitcher of water, and a few cooking-utensils and articles of crockery. These latter necessaries hung upon the walls, which in that portion of the establishment devoted to the lady of the caravan, were ornamented with such gayer and lighter decorations as a triangle and a couple of well-thumbed tambourines.' These smaller wagons were called "vardo" in the Romani language (originating from the Ossetic word vurdon) for cart.
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In accordance with these ideas, he has caused several > savants and artists, the Sub-director of the Natural History Cabinet, > Heydinger, the Professor of Natural History, Märter, the Palace Gardiner, > Boos, and the Imperial Painter, Moll, to undertake a voyage round the world > through the several lands of the two Indies, to perfect the various branches > of natural science and to make new discoveries and observations in these > fields. The ship designated for this illustrious expedition, the Graf von > Cobenzl, will be supplied with necessaries and be in readiness by the > beginning of August.Journal für rationelle Politik (Hamburg), Julius 1782, > p.176. This voyage did not take place, and Märter and his companions sailed from Le Havre for Philadelphia in 1783 on the General Washington.Ignaz von Born to Benjamin Franklin, 21 November 1783; Benjamin Franklin, The Papers of Benjamin Franklin: Volume 41: September 16, 1783, through February 29, 1784, Yale University Press, 2014, p.214.
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Hibbs stayed on the island. A letter from Lieutenant-Governor Robert Ross to Governor Arthur Phillip carried on that ship describes the conditions on Norfolk Island from the time of the wreck until the date of the letter: > with respect to necessaries, not one of them [the detachment under my > command] have a shoe to their feet, nor scarce a shirt to their backs; their > situation at this juncture is truly deplorable, both men and women having > lost almost everything by the wreck of the Sirius …The troops are also in > great want of cooking utensils; there are but a few small pots among them > all, which have been saved from the wreck of the Sirius...there is not a pot > for every twelve men.(Letter of) Ross to Phillip, 11 February 1791, > Historical Records of New South Wales, 1:2 p.297 Following the wrecking Captain John Hunter faced a court-martial in England.
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446-451 The king in March 1312 gave the brothers 700 marks for building expenses, and in the summer of that year the conventual church was dedicated and a cemetery consecrated. Possibly, however, the church was not yet finished, for the body of Piers Gaveston, who was killed about this time, was not buried there until the end of 1314, when the ceremony took place with much state, the Archbishop of Canterbury and four bishops as well as many other ecclesiastics taking part in the funeral rites. In October 1311 the king increased the annual income of the house to £150 to provide for fifteen friars added since the foundation, so that his grant in September 1312 of 500 marks during pleasure may have been intended for building purposes. He gave the friars in June 1315 a house with closes in his manor of Langley and leave to take wood for fuel and other necessaries from Chipperfield Wood.
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The Swiss philosophe Jean- Jacques Rousseau compared man in the state of nature, who has no need of greed since he can find food anywhere, with man in the state of society: > for whom first necessaries have to be provided, and then superfluities; > delicacies follow next, then immense wealth, then subjects, and then slaves. > He enjoys not a moment's relaxation; and what is yet stranger, the less > natural and pressing his wants, the more headstrong are his passions, and, > still worse, the more he has it in his power to gratify them; so that after > a long course of prosperity, after having swallowed up treasures and ruined > multitudes, the hero ends up by cutting every throat till he finds himself, > at last, sole master of the world. Such is in miniature the moral picture, > if not of human life, at least of the secret pretensions of the heart of > civilised man. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
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On April 25, 2019, Emmanuel Macron announced the project of creation of the Citizens' convention for climate, as well as the ecological defense council, during the press conference that follows the "grand débat national". With the set up of the High Council for the climate on 27 November 2018, "France endows itself with governance and robust institutions to take the necessaries decisions in the matter of ecological transition, based on shared expertise and in-depth consultations of the citizens" On July 2, 2019, Patrick Bernasconi addresses a "letter of mission" to the government, in which he demands that the citizens' convention for ecological transition be organized by the Economical, Social and Environmental Council (Cese), which he is the president. This letter describes the organization of the convention, the independence of its governance committee and its mandate: "To reduce the French emissions of greenhouse gas by at least 40 % compared to 1990, in a spirit of social justice".
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The value of labor power, also known as wage, is the first thing that Marx begins to re-explain in the opening of the chapter, stressing that it is equal to the quantity of the "necessaries of life habitually required by the average laborer". By re-stressing the importance of this concept, Marx is building a foundation on which he can begin to elaborate his argument on the changing price of labor. In order to make his argument, Marx states that he will leave out two certain factors of change (the expenses of labor power that differ with each mode of production and the diversity of labor power between men and women, children and adults) and that he will also be making two assumptions. The two assumptions made are that (1) the commodities are sold at their values; and (2) the price of labor- power occasionally rises above its value, but it never falls beneath it.
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On 24 December 1812 he received a commission as an ensign in the 1st Battalion 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, and after mounting guard at St. James's Palace for a few months was sent with a detachment of his regiment to Spain. In 1813 he took part in the principal military operations in that country, and in the following year returned with his battalion to London. Here he became one of the dandies of the town, and was among the very few officers who were admitted at Almack's, where he remembered the first introduction of quadrilles and waltzes in place of the old reels and country dances. Wanting money to equip himself for his further services abroad, he obtained an advance of £200 from his agents, Cox & Greenwood, and going with this money to a gambling- house in St. James's Square, he won £600, with which he purchased horses and other necessaries.
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17, referred after Patricia Sue Bryant, A Study of the Development of Secondary School Modern Language Programs in the United States [MA thesis Kansas State University], Manhattan 1965, p. 23 Instead of systematically mastering linguistic structures, deemed laborious and inefficient,he wrote: "It is a well-known fact that, by the old methods of study, only a few students obtain any degree of fluency in speaking a language that is foreign to them. It is true th t many of them can, after a number of years spent in study, conjugate, decline, analyze, and perhaps translate a sentence into English, but they are seldom able to put an English sentence into an idiomatic foreign one. Such learning, although laboriously acquired, is of little practical value, end the tourist or commercial traveller finds himself in an awkward dilemma when forced to ask for even the everyday necessaries of life in a foreign tongue", quoted after Bryant 1965, p.
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The Lausanne–Nescopeck Turnpike or Susquehanna & Lehigh Turnpike (1804–1840s) also mentioned often as the Lehigh–Susquehanna Turnpike (or Lehigh & Susquehanna Turnpike) and opened in 1805 was a highly profitable foot traffic toll road established during the earliest days of the American canal age—one of the many privately funded road (and transport infrastructure) projects established after the 1790s in the first years of the young United States era to open up and promote growth along either side of the American Frontiers by building connecting transport infrastructure. To the new Homesteader, a road meant a way to send excess product east for monies, a way to buy necessaries and desired goods to ease the strains of a hard life. The needs of the easterners left behind were for foods, raw materials, while to the manufacturing industrialists, the settlers represented a market in need of their wares. Both needed a way to convey their respective needs, and the manifold ways such needs are slaked are what makes commerce superior to barter.
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Hunger, thirst, the passion which unites the two sexes, > and the dread of pain, prompt us to apply those means for their own sakes, > and without any consideration of their tendency to those beneficent ends > which the great Director of nature intended to produce by them. > The rich only select from the heap what is most precious and agreeable. They > consume little more than the poor, and in spite of their natural selfishness > and rapacity, though they mean only their own conveniency, though the sole > end which they propose from the labours of all the thousands whom they > employ, be the gratification of their own vain and insatiable desires, they > divide with the poor the produce of all their improvements. They are led by > an invisible hand to make nearly the same distribution of the necessaries of > life, which would have been made, had the earth been divided into equal > portions among all its inhabitants, and thus without intending it, without > knowing it, advance the interest of the society, and afford means to the > multiplication of the species.
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It was probably in 1695 that Frampton first assumed the duties of the position ascribed to him on his tombstone of 'keeper of the running horses to their sacred majesties William III, Queen Anne, George I and George II.' In October of that year he won with the king's horse the town plate at Newmarket, and in the accounts of the master of the horse for the same year there is mention of a payment to him 'for settling the establishment of racehorses at the Green Cloth and Avery, and for a plate at Newmarket.’ In 1700 he first appears in Edward Chamberlayne's Angliæ Notitia as receiving £1,000 per annum as supervisor of the racehorses at Newmarket, for the maintenance of ten boys, and for provisions of hay, oats, bread, and all other necessaries for ten racehorses. From that date till his death he regularly received a salary, apparently being £100 for every horse in training. He trained the royal horses, and made matches for them, and they generally ran in his name.
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For the benefit of settlers it was decreed that the owner of a town in the Land must leave a public thoroughfare on all four sides of the town, and that a Jew about to purchase real property from a gentile in the Land of Israel may have the contract drawn up on Sabbath to facilitate and bind the bargain, though such a proceeding is prohibited in other lands,Bava Kama 80a,b Residence in the Land of Israel is regarded as becoming immediately permanent. For example, a rented dwelling outside Israel need not have a mezuzah during the first thirty days, as the tenancy is considered temporary for the first month; but in Israel the posting of the mezuzah is immediately obligatory.Menachot 44a The regulation of migration to and from Israel had in view the object of maintaining the settlement of the Land. One must not emigrate unless the necessaries of life reach the price of a "sela" (two common shekels) for a double se'ah-measure of wheat, and unless they are difficult to obtain even then.
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The railway strikers held a mass meeting and resolved to demand a 25 percent increase in wages, "in order to supply ourselves and our little ones with the necessaries of life." General Manager William Walker Scranton replied that same day, insisting that "nothing in the world would give me more pleasure," but continued: > with the present frightfully low prices of iron and steel rails it is > utterly impossible for us to advance wages at all ... Our steel works, as > everybody knows, are now idle because we have no work to do there. Until the > reduction of ten per cent on the 10th of this month there has been no > reduction in your wages for nearly a year, while during that time there has > been a falling off in the prices we get for iron and steel of over twenty- > five per cent. I think you ought to consider these things fully and reflect > whether the little work we can give you is not better than no work at all.
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1670 copy of the map drawn on board of the Duyfken According to the VOC’s Instructions to Tasman in 1644, Janszoon discovered of coast from 5 to degrees southern latitude, but found "that vast regions were for the greater part uncultivated, and certain parts inhabited by savage, cruel black barbarians who slew some of our sailors, so that no information was obtained touching the exact situation of the country and regarding the commodities obtainable and in demand there". He found the land to be swampy and infertile, forcing the explorers eventually to give up and return to Bantam due to their lack of "provisions and other necessaries". Nevertheless, it appears that the killing of some of his men on various shore expeditions was the main reason for their return — he turned back where his party had its greatest conflict with aboriginal people, which he subsequently called Cape Keerweer, Dutch for "Cape Turnback". Cape Keerweer is on the lands of the Wik-Mungkan Aboriginal people, who today live in various outstations and in the nearby Aurukun Mission station.
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" Taking the example of herrings, if "prodigious numbers of them were not destroyed" each year they would soon cover the surface of the sea, but they would then be destroyed by "contagion and famine", so it was necessary and right that animals preyed on each other. Amidst debates on fears of British depopulation, Benjamin Franklin collected statistics of the American colonies which he published in his Poor Richard Improved of 1750 with the question of "how long will it be, before by an Increase of 64 per Annum, 34,000 people will double themselves?" He concluded: "People increase faster by Generation in these Colonies, where all can have full Employ, and there is Room and Business for Millions yet unborn. For in old settled Countries, as England for instance, as soon as the Number of People is as great as can be supported by all the Tillage, Manufactures, Trade and Offices of the Country, the Over-plus must quit the Country, or they will perish by Poverty, Diseases, and want of Necessaries.
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Co., Baltimore, 1979. > This INDENTURE Witnesseth that James Best a Labourer doth Voluntarily put > himself Servant to Captain Stephen Jones Master of the Snow Sally to serve > the said Stephen Jones and his Assigns, for and during the full Space, Time > and Term of three Years from the first Day of the said James’ arrival in > Philadelphia in AMERICA, during which Time or Term the said Master or his > Assigns shall and will find and supply the said James with sufficient Meat, > Drink, Apparel, Lodging and all other necessaries befitting such a Servant, > and at the end and expiration of said Term, the said James to be made Free, > and receive according to the Custom of the Country. Provided nevertheless, > and these Presents are on this Condition, that if the said James shall pay > the said Stephen Jones or his Assigns 15 Pounds British in twenty one Days > after his arrival he shall be Free, and the above Indenture and every Clause > therein, absolutely Void and of no Effect.
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On the 22 May he began the siege by raising a breastwork on the east side of the River Cherwell and erecting a bridge at Marston. On 23 May the House of Commons gave the Committee of the Army orders to "make Provision for such Money and Necessaries for the Siege of Oxon, as they have or shall Receive directions for from the Committee of Both Kingdoms, not exceeding the Sum of Six thousand Pounds", having already agreed that £10,000 was to await Fairfax at Windsor, along with the following provision for a siege: According to Sir William Dugdale's diary, on 23 May Fairfax was at Marston and his troops began crossing the river, the outhouses of Godstow House were fired, causing the occupants to evacuate to Oxford, and the house occupied by the Parliamentarians. On 26 May Fairfax put four regiments of foot soldiers with thirteen carriages by the newly erected bridge at Marston, the King's forces 'drowned' the meadow, fired houses in the suburbs and placed a garrison at Wolvercote.
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Exploration of Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth Early in 1813 Blaxland, who needed more grazing land, obtained the approval of Governor Lachlan Macquarie for an attempt to cross the Great Dividing Range, known as the Blue Mountains, following the mountain ridges, instead of following the rivers and valleys. He secured the participation of William Lawson and William Charles Wentworth in the expedition, which was successful (though the expedition stopped short of actually crossing over the mountains) and enabled the settlers to access and use the land west of the mountains for farming. The crossing took 21 days, and 6 days to return. In February 1823 Blaxland published his Journal of a Tour of Discovery Across the Blue Mountains (London, 1823) in which he wrote: :"On Tuesday, May 11, 1813, Mr. Gregory Blaxland, Mr. William Wentworth, and Lieutenant Lawson, attended by four servants, with five dogs, and four horses laden with provisions, ammunition, and other necessaries, left Mr. Blaxland's farm at the South Creek, for the purpose of endeavouring to effect a passage over the Blue Mountains ..." In recognition of the successful crossing, all three explorers were granted by Macquarie of land west of the mountains.
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First, Heywood pleaded his "extreme youth and inexperience" as the cause of his failure to join Bligh and the loyalists in the open boat, insisting that "...I was influenced in my Conduct by the Example of my Messmates, Mr. Hallet and Mr. Hayward ... the latter, tho' he had been many years at Sea, yet, when Christian ordered him into the Boat he was ... so much overcome by the harsh Command, that he actually shed tears." Heywood then cited a different reason for staying aboard Bounty: Bligh's launch was overloaded, and its destruction would be assured "by the least addition to their Number". Finally, Heywood maintained he had intended to join Bligh but had been stopped: "...on hearing it suggested that I should be deem'd Guilty if I staid in the Ship, I went down directly, and in passing Mr. Cole told him in a low tone of voice that I would fetch a few necessaries in a Bag and follow him into the Boat, which at that time I meant to do but was afterwards prevented." Under further questioning, Cole confirmed his belief that Heywood had been detained against his will.
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The event was targeted at promoting gas to "... all classes of visitor - the practical housewife and the housewife-to-be; the chemist; the technical; the factory owner; the social worker; the artisan; the domestic servant; the doctor; the architect - in short all who need artificial warmth, light or power; and to those whom they look for guidance as to how best to obtain those necessaries of life." Conferences and lectures were run by experts to explain various aspects of Gas to non-technical visitors in order to make "... subjects as well as objects of interest...." Demonstrations of cookery using gas ran every day of the exhibition and members of the public were invited to participate in competitions for monetary prizes of 10 shillings for first prize or £2 for competitions sending in dishes prepared at home, whilst every competitor received 2 or 5 shillings to cover their travel expenses. The catalogue also advertises a competition to write an essay on " - from the Housewife's point of view, or the advantages of cooking by Gas - from the Cook's point of view", with a maximum prize of £10 and a similar competition for children to write about what they learned about gas at the exhibition.
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