205 Sentences With "lascar" | Random Sentence Generator

Ludmilla Velez Lascar said she was determined to cast her ballot despite her polling location being changed.

Though demoted to a lowly servant, she benefits from what she calls "magic" —dinners set out by a monkey-toting lascar who parkours into her quarters every night.

Lascar Row is the combined name of two streets between Hollywood Road and Queen's Road Central in Sheung Wan, Hong Kong, Upper Lascar Row () and Lok Ku Road (Historically Lower Lascar Row). The immediate area is notable for its antique stalls.

Chile Route 23 passes about west of Lascar. Unlike the neighbouring volcanoes Acamarachi, Licancabur and Quimal, there is no evidence of archeological sites on Lascar, possibly because of the volcanic activity. However, the inhabitants of the town of Camar consider Lascar a protective mountain spirit and in Susques (Argentina) it is believed that snow will fall if Lascar is steaming strongly. Lascar is located in the main volcanic arc, on the western margin of the Altiplano.

Lascar and vegetation The area around Lascar is one of the driest and highest volcanic settings in the world. Precipitation at Lascar is about and consists mostly of snow. Persistent snow cover exists on the western and southern slopes of the volcano; it contributes partly to the fumarole water. In 1993, yearly precipitation at several towns around Lascar ranged from .

East of Lascar lies the La Pacana caldera. Cerro Opla, west of Lascar, is a hill formed by Permian–Triassic granite. An area of increased electrical conductivity has been identified beneath Lascar and extends to some neighbouring volcanoes, reaching a depth of over south of Lascar. The Quebrada de Chaile, the Quebrada de Soncor and the Quebrada de Talabre canyons run towards Salar de Atacama; they are deep and wide.

Geographically, the area of Lascar is located between the Altiplano and the Salar de Atacama farther west; the terrain at Lascar dips in the direction of the Salar. The new town of Talabre is west of Lascar. , it had a population of 50 inhabitants. , stockbreeding and farming were the principal economic activities in Talabre.

Lascar, like El Tatio, is a destination for volcano tourism.

The first of these eruptions released of material and is known as the Soncor eruption. The largest eruption of Lascar known to recorded history occurred in April 1993 and caused ash fall as far away as Buenos Aires. Because Lascar is located in a remote area, it is monitored primarily by remote sensing. Explosive eruptions are the greatest hazard at Lascar.

In Wuthering Heights, it is speculated that Heathcliff, the main character, may be of lascar origin. Amitav Ghosh's book Sea of Poppies portrays the British East India Company and their use of lascar crews. Shahida Rahman's Lascar (2012) is the story of an East Indian lascar's journey to Victorian England. In the H. P. Lovecraft short story The Call of Cthulhu, Gustaf Johansen, the last living seaman of an expedition to Cthulhu's sunken city R'lyeh, is assassinated (probably with poison needles) by two "lascar sailors" belonging to the evil Cult of Cthulhu.

These valleys were probably formed by erosion during glacial periods. The valleys drain the western, northern and southwestern slopes of Lascar. The southeastern slopes drain into Laguna Lejía which is close to the volcano, and the northwestern slope drains through the Quebrada de Morro Blanco. Lascar is located atop of a ridge formed by the Cerro Corona and Cerro de Saltar lava domes, south and north of Lascar, respectively.

The andesitic-dacitic Aguas Calientes is located east of Lascar; it may have formed a lava flow close to the summit during the Holocene. Aguas Calientes is older than Lascar, and it might share a magma chamber. Miocene–Quaternary volcanic centres in the neighbourhood include Cerro Negro in the north, Acamarachi northeast, Tumisa southwest, and the Cordon de Puntas Negras in the south, which Lascar is sometimes considered to be part of. Tumisa, to the south of Lascar, was active between 2.5 and 0.4 million years ago, is composed of dacite and surrounded by pyroclastic flow deposits.

Upper Lascar Row shop Hollywood Road and Upper Lascar Row's antiques shops have copper mirrors, electric fans, jade gems, watches, ancient coins, Qing dynasty vases, stamps, newspapers and calendars.Niu, Ru-chen. (1998). 香港全覽. Bet-Jing: Dong Fang Chu Ban She.

The third smaller plaques tells about the renovation and lighting of the Lascar War Memorial.

The term originates from the Persian word Lascar, pronounced Lashkar (), meaning military camp or army - related to the Arabic 'Askar (Arabic: عسكر) derived from the former, meaning 'guard' or 'soldier' (whence Askari). The Portuguese adapted this term to lasquarim or lascarim, meaning an Asian militiaman or seaman. The latter meaning is preserved in English as Lascar. In Sri Lanka it was used in the military sense, which was also preserved in India as Gun Lascar.

Antiques can be found on Upper Lascar Row and Hollywood Road, which are popular with tourists.

The first recorded presence of a lascar (Indian seaman) in Fiji was by Peter Dillon, a sandalwood trader in Fiji. The lascar survived a ship wreck and lived amongst the natives of Fiji in 1813. Dillon has written about Lascar Joe who, according to the Cyclopedia of Fiji, deserted from the brig Hibernia. He lived in Fiji with other beachcombers, hiring himself out as a mercenary to different chiefs in the numerous intertribal wars in Fiji.

Pantoporia sandaka, the extra lascar, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in tropical and subtropical Asia.

After World War II, the mosque was renamed Jamia Mosque. It is also known as Lascar Temple.

Pantoporia paraka, the Perak lascar, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in tropical and subtropical Asia.

Pantoporia karwara, the Karwar lascar, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in tropical and subtropical Asia.

Lascar is located close to the Atacama Desert, one of the world's driest deserts. During the glacial periods, the volcano most likely featured small glaciers. The equilibrium line at Lascar was at an altitude of during the last glacial maximum. Traces of glaciation also exist at Cerros de Saltar.

The present-day snowline in the region lies at an altitude of , higher than the summit of Lascar. Due to the dry climate, there is little vegetation at Lascar. Bunch grass and shrubs grow on the volcano's slopes. In the deep valleys, groundwater and streams support more plants.

Pantoporia hordonia, the common lascar, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in Cambodia, tropical and subtropical Asia.

When he left, he took Buchert with him, but Lascar Joe had no intention of leaving the island.

Lying, also dressed and also across the bed, not longwise, are a Chinaman, a Lascar, and a haggard woman.

Lascars were housed at several streets in the Sheung Wan area where there are two roads called Upper Lascar Row and Lower Lascar Row.Research by Pereira, Clifford J. 2016. Hong Kong, SAR. China. These are not far from the barracks established in 1847 at Sai Ying Pun for Indian soldiers or sepoys.

Inside the Lascar War Memorial Inside the Lascar War Memorial Lascar War Memorial The Lascar War Memorial was erected by shipping and mercantile companies, in the memory of the 896 Lascars of undivided Bengal and Assam who lost their lives during World War I. The monument is situated at the southern end of the Maidan, on Naiper Road, Hastings, near Prinsep Ghat. The 100 feet high monument was unveiled by Lord Lytton, then Governor of Bengal on 6 February 1924. The monument, built in typical Oriental style, is a four- sided column, having designs reflecting the prow of an ancient galley on each side of the column. The upper part of the monument consists of four small minarets and a large gilt dome.

In 1813, a group, made up of the crew of the ship, Hunter, and local beachcombers led by Charles Savage took part in a tribal conflict in Wailea to gain the favour of the Waileans so that they could obtain sandalwood. In the ensuing conflict both sides suffered major casualties. Charles Savage was killed, together with 13 others who included three lascars, who were "Jonow, a lascar boatswain's mate; Hassen, a lascar seamen; Mosden, a lascar seaman;" Dillon and lascar Joe survived the battle. The captain of the Hunter, transferred the beachcomber survivors on board another ship, commanded by Dillon, so that they could be returned to Bau, but adverse weather conditions prevented their landing and the ships left Fiji sailing north-west.

The basins developed during the Pliocene and Pleistocene; Laguna Lejia also developed along this fault and the fault segment there is also known as Miscanti- Callejon de Varela fault. Volcanoes including Lascar are constructed on this fault, and the Cerros Saltar and Corona north and south of Lascar are lined up on it as well.

This origin of Lascar magmas is reflected in the textures of rocks. The overall magma supply rate of Lascar is . The magma chamber of Lascar appears to lie at depths of , although the lack of deformation of the edifice during the 1993 eruption indicates that it may be deeper, over or even over deep. There appear to be two distinct chamber systems, an andesitic one that is responsible for the frequent andesite lava and pyroclastic flow activity, and a dacitic one that was involved in the Piedras Grandes and Soncor activities.

Some xenoliths of calc-alkaline material are found in Aguas Calientes lavas, and magma mixing has generated lavas containing andesite inclusions in dacites. One eruption of Aguas Calientes postdates the first centre of Lascar and was originally linked to the Lascar Piedras Grandes eruption, before sampling on the deposits of this eruption indicated a relationship with the Lascar volcano itself. Effusion of lava ceased after the cone was built. One summit lava flow may be of Holocene age, but no evidence of historical activity is found (González-Ferrán 1985).

The large eruption gave rise to a pyroclastic flow that extended westward and contained breccia and various magmas. It was accompanied by a Plinian fall deposit. Finally, the andesitic pumice Tumbres flow is found on the northwest–west–southwestern slopes of Lascar. The Quebrada Talabre cuts into the upper flanks of Lascar and eventually joins the Quebrada Soncor.

This means that Indian, Malay, Chinese and Japanese crewmen were covered by the Portuguese definition. The British of the East India Company initially described Indian lascars as 'Topazes', but later adopted the Portuguese name, calling them 'lascar'. Lascars served on British ships under "lascar agreements". These agreements allowed shipowners more control than was the case in ordinary articles of agreement.

Lascar is a stratovolcano and the most active volcano of the northern Chilean Andes. The largest eruption of Lascar took place about 26,500 years ago, and following the eruption of the Tumbres scoria flow about 9,000 years ago, activity shifted back to the eastern edifice, where three overlapping craters were formed. Frequent small-to-moderate explosive eruptions have been recorded from Lascar in historical time since the mid-19th century, along with periodic larger eruptions that produced ash and tephra fall up to hundreds of kilometers away from the volcano. The largest eruption of Lascar in recent history took place in 1993, producing pyroclastic flows as far as northwest of the summit and ash fall in Buenos Aires, Argentina, more than to the southeast. The latest series of eruptions began on 18 April 2006 and was continuing as of 2011.

Just two weeks after the fight with Ersoy, Nunes fought Corneliu Rotaru Lascar in Romania-based promotion Real Xtreme Fighting and won via guillotine choke.

Additional component minerals found at Lascar include anorthite, augite bordering on diopside, bronzite, fassaite, forsterite, hypersthene, pigeonite and more. The rocks of Lascar belong to the calc-alkaline series. concentrations range from 55.5 to 67.8% by weight, and the rocks have medium to large concentrations of potassium. The magmas are contaminated by the local crust, but not to the extent found in the Galan or Purico complex eruption products.

Because of the volcano's remote location, much information on its activity comes from remote sensing. In addition, occasional reconnaissance flights, seismographic monitoring, and infrequent visits to the volcano occur. The Observatorio Volcanológico de los Andes del Sur in Temuco also employs webcams to watch Lascar. Lascar's activity has been monitored by Thematic Mapper, which has been used to monitor volcanic activity since 1985, when hot spots were observed on Lascar.

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle created a Lascar foil to Sherlock Holmes in "The Man with the Twisted Lip". Lascars aboard the ship Patna figure prominently in the early chapters of Joseph Conrad's novel Lord Jim. Frances Hodgson Burnett's novel A Little Princess features a lascar named Ram Dass. Also, Caleb Carr portrays two lascars as bodyguards for a Spanish diplomat near the end of The Angel of Darkness.

Apeejay Kolkata Literary Fest On 13 Jan. 2013 the Lascar War Memorial was the venue of the Apeejay Kolkata Literary Festival. Apeejay Kolkata Literary Festival 2013 on its closing day hosted an afternoon literary session at the compound of the Lascar War Memorial. The event consisted of several book reading sections, a debate on the topic "Is Kolkata still the cultural capital of India" and a music band session.

Cerro del León is part of the Central Volcanic Zone, a volcanic belt in the Andes. Volcanic activity occurs since the Oligocene and includes dacitic–rhyolitic ignimbrites. On top of these the main volcanic arc, including andesitic- dacitic stratovolcanoes, has formed away from the Peru–Chile Trench on a crust thick. San Pedro and Lascar have historical activity, but only a few volcanoes have been studied, namely Lascar, Ollagüe and Parinacota.

Aguas Calientes Volcano or Cerro Aguas Calientes, also called Simba, is a cone-shaped stratovolcano located east of the Lascar volcano and north of Laguna Lejía, Chile. Aguas Calientes is located within a area where the Cordón de Puntas Negras and the Cordón Chalviri volcanic chains intersect. The volcano is constructed from andesite and dacite containing hornblende and also anhydrite and its pyroclastics are all older than Lascar. The volcano has a diameter of about .

The flow deposit was later modified by glacial activity. The Soncor flow is found primarily on the western side of Lascar, with part of it also southeast of Lascar. On the western slope, it buries the even older Piedras Grandes flow, which crops out only at the margins of the Soncor flow. While the Piedras Grandes flow was formed by a glacier run that transported blocks with sizes of up to , Soncor was formed by a large eruption.

Renovation plaque Lascar War Memorial In 1994, commodore B K Mohanti spotted the ruined and neglected Lascar War Memorial overgrown with vegetation during his morning walk. Recognising the importance of the monument, Mohanty arranged for funds for the renovation of the memorial. The renovation and lightning was completed in December 1994. A.L. Dias, then Governor of West Bengal, switched on the illumination on 7 December 1994 on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of INS Netaji Subhas.

National Navy Day of India is celebrated every year at the Lascar War Memorial every year on 4 December. On 4 December 2012, James Keir, son of William Ingram Keir, the architect of the Lascar War Memorial visited the memorial. Commodore B K Mohanti, who took the initiative to restore the memorial, was also present. The event was an initiative by Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), Kolkata Chapter, to popularise lesser known monuments in Kolkata.

Upper Lascar Row is a narrow alley in Mid-Levels which runs parallel to Hollywood Road on the north side. The straight alley measures over , and there was an Indian police dormitory in the street. On 11 February 1911 a fire broke out on Upper and Lower Lascar Row, destroying 16 houses and damaging another 24.Section 43 "fires" of appendix P Report of the director of Public Works for the Year 1912 of the Hong Kong Government Gazette.

The collège-seminaire Oleron-Sainte-Marie was founded in 1708 by Bishop Joseph de Révol, and was entrusted to priests of the Barnabite Order of the Congregation of Saint-Paul de Lascar.

The sole survivor, a lascar, estimated that there had been 110 persons aboard, including passengers and a havildar and 12 sepoys.Naval Chronicle, Vol. 30, p.402. The value of her cargo was rupees.

Lascar is formed by two irregularly shaped truncated cones that extend east–west, on a trend that includes Aguas Calientes. Six craters are located on the volcano, but sometimes only five craters are counted, in which case the central crater is considered to be the active one. The extinct western cone (also known as Apagado) is composed of layers of lava and pyroclastics. Its large crater is filled by another cone, which forms the highest summit of the Lascar volcano.

During the 1940s many thousands of lascars served in World War II and died on vessels throughout the world. In the 1950s the use of the term lascar declined with the ending of the British Empire. The Indian “Lascar Act” of 1832 was finally repealed in 1963 However, "traditional" Indian deck and Pakistani engine crews continued to be used in Australia until 1986 when the last crew was discharged from the P&O; and replaced by a general-purpose crew of Pakistanis.

Shahidun Nessa Rahman (; née Karim ; born 14 December 1971), commonly known by her pseudonym Shahida Rahman, is an award-winning English author, writer and publisher. She is best known as the author of Lascar.

Lascars () is a 2012 historical novel written by Shahida Rahman about an East Indian orphan who leaves poverty-stricken Bengal in 19th-century India by becoming a lascar and his extended stay in Victorian London.

The inside of the Memorial is approached through a huge doorway on the Northern wall. The interior contains three plaques below the inscription "Lascar Memorial." One plaque commemorates the unveiling of the memorial by Lytton. The second plaques says that the memorial was erected by shipping and mercantile community of India in memory of the 896 seamen of Bengal Assam and upper India (the term Lascar is not used) who lost their lives in service of the British Empire in the great war of 1914 – 18.

Lascar is the most active volcano in the Andean Central Volcanic Zone, and a steady pattern of eruptive activity has persisted for centuries. The volcano persistently features a tall plume of water and sulfur dioxide. Most present-day activity consists of the release of fumarolic gas with additional vulcanian activity that generates eruption columns several kilometres high, typically every three or two years, as well as active deformation of the three active craters observed in interferometric synthetic-aperture radar. The long-term magma supply rate of Lascar is about .

The eruptions of April 1993 and September 1986 were both preceded by a reduction of thermal radiation observed by Thematic Mapper. Seismic activity occurs at Lascar. Research has indicated peculiar patterns, including so called "rapid-fire" events on a background of continuous activity, as well as the occurrence of long-period earthquakes; here and in other volcanoes, this kind of seismic activity is associated with intense fumarolic activity that occurs in the absence of outright eruptions. Harmonic tremor has been recorded at Lascar, perhaps caused by a hydrothermal system.

Past eruptions caused ash fall in Argentina and disruption of air travel and could have major effects in the Salta Province in case of renewed activity. In 1982, the town of Talabre was moved for safety reasons stemming from flooding and volcanic activity, and ballistic blocks ejected by the volcano are a threat to mountaineers and scientists working on Lascar. Sector collapse and lahars have occurred in the past, but are unlikely to be present-day hazards. The National Geology and Mining Service of Chile publishes a volcano alert level for Lascar.

About 50 different volcanoes and geothermal features have been active in the Central Andes during the Holocene, with earthquakes observed at Guallatiri, Irruputuncu, Isluga, Lascar, Olca, Parinacota and Putana. Most volcanoes of the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) are relatively poorly researched and many exceed of elevation. Some of these volcanoes were active during historical time; these include El Misti, Lascar, San Pedro and Ubinas; the largest historical eruption of the CVZ occurred in 1600 at Huaynaputina. Other volcanoes in the CVZ that have been the subject of research are Galan and the Purico complex.

On reaching Tikopia, a Polynesian outlier of the Solomons, three of the survivors, Martin Buchert, his Fijian wife and Lascar Joe were landed and the ships sailed to Sydney, passing the island of Vanikoro. Thirteen years later, on 13 May 1826, Peter Dillon was sailing in command of his own ship, the St. Patrick, from Valparaiso, (Chile) to Pondicherry, (French India), when he sighted Ticopia. He stopped to enquire whether his old friend Martin Bushart was still alive. Both Martin Buchert and Lascar Joe were alive and doing well.

Blocks with sizes of up to were transported by this flow. An alternative theory posits that the Piedras Grandes unit formed when an ice cap on Lascar interacted with a block and ash flow erupted by Aguas Calientes.

Lava flows less than thick issued from the stage I cone and reached lengths of . They occur beneath altitudes of , their vents buried by later activity. The lavas from stage I are mostly exposed north and west of Lascar.

The sailors could be transferred from one ship to another and retained in service for up to three years at one time. The name lascar was also used to refer to Indian servants, typically engaged by British military officers.

A lascar (Lashkar, Laskar) () and (Bengali:লস্কর) was a sailor or militiaman from the Indian Subcontinent or other countries east of the Cape of Good Hope, employed on European ships from the 16th century until the beginning of the 20th century. The word comes from the Persian Lashkar, meaning military camp or army, and al-askar, the Arabic word for a guard or soldier. The Portuguese adapted this term to lascarim, meaning an Asian militiaman or seaman, especially those from the Indian Subcontinent. Lascars served on British ships under 'lascar' agreements which gave shipowners more control than the usual agreement.

Volcanoes in the Central Volcanic Zone include Sabancaya, El Misti and Ubinas in Peru and Tacora, Isluga, Irruputuncu, Ollague, San Pedro, Putana, Alitar, Lascar and Lastarria in Chile, Bolivia and Argentina; there are about 34 volcanoes in the Chilean portion of the Central Volcanic Zone alone. Of these Lascar is considered to be the most active, with a large eruption in 1993. Aside from volcanoes, the Central Volcanic Zone also features geothermal fields such as El Tatio. The volcano is a high cone with a summit caldera that opens northwest and a wide crater below the summit within the caldera scarp.

The 1933 eruption was seen as far away as Chuquicamata. Another series of eruptions occurred between November 1951 and January 1952; one eruption is recorded from 1940. Eruptions were observed in March 1960, which were accompanied by earthquakes felt in Toconao, as well as in September 1964 when ash fell in Socaire. Yet another eruption sequence occurred between 1959 and 1969. Eruptions in 1972 and 1974 are uncertain. For some eruptions, including the January 1854 eruption, it is not clear whether they occurred at Lascar or Aguas Calientes, and some early reports of volcanic activity at Aguas Calientes probably refer to Lascar. In 1984, Lascar awakened to new activity; satellite images noted the presence of hot spots on the volcano. Landsat images taken during this time indicate that a lava lake may have existed in the central crater, generating a plume of volcanic gases and, in September 1986, a vulcanian eruption happened and dropped ash in Salta, Argentina.

The Ngāi Tahu lived around Otago and wanted to trade, but in their inexperience of the Tongata Bulla remained too truculent. Fowler never discovered this. Before coming to Otago Harbour he had visited the west coast, where six of his Lascar seamen deserted.

While on board the East Indiaman Warley for his return to Britain, he participated in the Battle of Pulo Auro. Here he temporarily commanded a party of lascar pikemen.Harry W. Dickins. 2007. Educating the Royal Navy: 18th and 19th Century Education for Officers.

The eruption record at Lascar becomes more irregular after the 1993 eruption. During April 1993, a new lava dome formed in the crater, reaching a diameter of . It started to shrink again by May. On 17 December 1993, another explosion created an eruption column high.

Presumably because Muslim lascars manned the "coolie ships" that carried Indian and Chinese indentured labour to the sugar plantations of the Mascarene Islands, the term lascar is also used in Mauritius, Réunion and the Seychelles to refer to Muslims, by both Muslims and non-Muslims.

Morales et al. 2007, p.335 Paniri is part of the Central Volcanic Zone, a volcanic belt in the Andes. Other than Paniri, other volcanoes in the Central Volcanic Zone are Lascar, Sabancaya and Ubinas, as well as geothermal fields such as El Tatio.

In the popular Sydney Bulletin magazine in 1887, one author wrote: "No nigger, no chink, no lascar, no kanaka (laborer from the South Pacific islands), no purveyor of cheap labour, is an Australian."Hughes, Geoffrey. An Encyclopedia of Swearing. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2006.

The volcano sits above a major local geological trend, the north–south Miscanti Line. Other volcanic centres are also located on this line, including the Corona and Saltar lava domes, and the Miscanti and Lejia volcanoes. The Miscanti Line dissects the Quaternary basement beneath Lascar, and it may be a hinge of a fold that is being propagated by faults. The formation of the first cone at Lascar may have been facilitated by the intersection between the Miscanti Line and another east–west lineament formed by Pliocene–Pleistocene tectonic compression of the region, and the lineament would have worked as an ascent path for magma.

P&O; liner A lascar was a sailor or militiaman from the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, the Arab world, or other territories located to the east of the Cape of Good Hope, who were employed on European ships from the 16th century until the middle of the 20th century. The word lascar derives ultimately from lashkar, the Persian word for "army." In Mughal and Urdu culture the word is used to describe a "swarm like formation in any army" (lashkar); however this word originates via Portuguese language . The Portuguese adapted this term to "lascarim", meaning Asian militiamen or seamen, specifically from any area east of the Cape of Good Hope.

Lascar was inspired by stories passed down orally through the generations about one of her paternal ancestors who one of the early lascars (sailor/seaman from East India) to work aboard the British steamships of the 19th century. It was shortlisted for the Muslim Writers Awards, Unpublished Novel Award in 2008 and longlisted for the Brit Writers Unpublished Award in 2010. In 2009, she was commissioned to write a radio play for the Lascar Heritage Project for Silsila Productions which aired in 2011. In 2010, she co-wrote the screenplay India Ink with American screenwriter Halle Eavelyn which was based on Rahman's short story Homecoming.

From East Asia, Japanese and Chinese seamen were often operating as lascars for British ships and trading companies. From South Asia, Indians made up a huge proportion of these sea crews, particularly in the East India Company's earliest decades of operation. Parsees (who originate from Persia, West Asia) and Luso-Asians of mixed Portuguese and Indian heritage, also came from South Asia to work as lascars. From West Asia, Armenians formed part of diverse lascar crews, and Yemenis increasingly served as lascar sailors and militiamen after the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, going on to open businesses, like boarding houses, in port cities such as Cardiff and South Shields.

The Lascar War Memorial, located on Napier Road in the Hastings area of Kolkata, is a memorial dedicated to the memory of the 896 lascars (sailors from the Indian subcontinent) who died serving on ships of the Royal Navy and British Merchant Service during World War I.

According to the government, a name change would diminish the alley's historical value and the word Mouro is neutral. Inconvenience was also cited, since the street name "Upper Lascar Row" has been used for more than a century. Public input was suggested before any name change.

Wilson added that in court that a "disgusting and revolting practice had been performed", with medical evidence forthcoming. In April 1941, Lee Hock Chee was prosecuted under Section 377A after a lascar saw him molesting a sleeping Chinese boy at a five-foot passageway off Rochore Road.

Pantoporia bieti, the Tytler's lascar, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in tropical and subtropical Asia."Pantoporia Hübner, [1819]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms The species is named in recognition of Félix Biet a French missionary who collected butterflies for Charles Oberthur.

Pearls original crew had also been on board Iphigénie. Only two men from Trincomalee, a seaman and a lascar, survived. Pearl and Comet did not renew their engagement, instead sailing off in different directions, Pearl with the survivors from Iphigénie. Comet landed the two men from Trincomalee at Muscat.

In 1839 the house became the property of Captain Adam Durie of Craig Lascar by marriage to Sarah Froggatt. Damhouse was dilapidated when the Duries moved in. Captain Durie gave land to build a school on Church Road. After his death in 1843 his widow, Sarah, married Colonel Malcolm Nugent Ross.

Eventually Goodenough made land and shortly after landing a lascar died; Goodenough died shortly thereafter, on 1 November 1815. Māori captured the six survivors, whom they eventually released to the brig Active on 23 February 1816. Betsey itself was eventually blown ashore near Great Exhibition Bay and went to pieces.

Minerals encountered in xenoliths include andradite, anhydrite, anorthite, apatite, biotite, calcite, diopside, fassaite, garnet, gypsum, ilmenite, magnetite, monazite, orthopyroxene, perovskite, plagioclase, prehnite, quartz, sphene, thorite, wilkeite, wollastonite and zircon. A number of such xenoliths formed from carbonate rocks that were influenced by magma of Lascar and of other volcanoes such as Tumisa.

Lascars were paid only 5% of their fellow white sailors' wages and were often expected to work longer hours as well as being given food of often inferior quality and in smaller portions. The remuneration for lascar crews "was much lower than European or Negro seamen" and "the cost of victualling a lascar crew was 50 percent less than that of a British crew, being six pence per head per day as opposed to twelve pence a day." The lascars lived under conditions not unlike slavery, as shipowners could keep their services for up to three years at a time, moving them from one ship to the next on a whim. The ill-treatment of lascars continued into the 19th century.

Some of them converted to Christianity (at least nominally) as it was legally required to be Christian in order to marry in Britain at this time, the most famous case being Sake Dean Mahomed, who converted from Islam to Christianity in order to marry his Irish wife Jane Daly. British women cohabiting with lascars became an issue, and a magistrate of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets area in 1817 expressed "disgust" at how the local English women in the area were marrying and cohabiting with foreign Indian lascar seamen. Nevertheless, there were no legal restrictions against "mixed" marriages in Britain. Indian lascar sailors established some of England's first settled Asian-British inter-racial families in the dock areas of major port cities.

The largest historical eruption occurred at Huaynaputina in 1600. Given the low population density around many of these volcanoes, there is often little information on their activity. Lascar is located in the Antofagasta Region of Chile, and is , , or high, according to different sources. With a surface area of , the volcano has a volume of .

Lascar rocks consist of andesite and dacite. These rocks have a composition mainly characterized as "two-pyroxene", but the old Piedras Grandes and Soncor rocks contain hornblende. Other minerals include anhydrite, augite, plagioclase, apatite, ilmenite, magnetite, olivine, orthopyroxene, phyrrotite, quartz, rhyolite in the groundmass, and spinel in inclusions. Dacite has more plagioclase and rhyolite.

Volcanic activity at Lascar affects neighbouring ecosystems such as the Aguas Calientes crater lake and Laguna Lejia; flamingos disappeared from the latter after the 1993 eruption and did not return until 2007. Other reports claim that flamingos remained; other animals like donkeys and llamas were seen around the volcano one day after its eruption.

At the start of the First World War, 51,616 lascar seamen were working on British ships. In 1932, the Indian National Congress survey of 'all Indians outside India' estimated that there were 7,128 Indians in the United Kingdom. The resident Indian population of Birmingham was recorded at 100 by 1939. By 1945 it was 1,000.

The volcanism of Lascar relates to the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. The Central Andes contain many hundreds of volcanoes, extending over the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. In this remote territory, where eruptions are poorly recorded, many volcanoes are higher than . They are constructed on a crust that is between thick.

Other American ships that visited around 1820 include the Hamilton, Rob Roy, Mentor, Frederick, and Lascar. In 1850–1851 the village of Nahwitti was shelled and burned to the ground twice by the British Navy. Most of the inhabitants fled to Bull Harbour on Hope Island. The Nahwitti people called their new village on Hope Island "Meloopa".

Language barriers between officers and lascars made the use of translators very important. Very few worked on deck because of the language barrier. Some Europeans managed to become proficient in the languages of their crew. Skilled captains such as John Adolphus Pope became adept linguists and were able to give complicated orders to their lascar crew.

Rahman writes historical fiction, non-fiction and short stories. Since 2003, Rahman has been a freelance writer. In April 2005, she launched Perfect Publishers Ltd, a print-on-demand book publishing company providing a range of services for authors and other publishers. In June 2012, her first historical novel Lascar was published by Indigo Dreams Publishing.

The word Khalasi in Arabic means a dockyard worker, sailor or lascar. A member of the Muslim community in Kerala is generally known as Mappila. Since majority of the Khalasis are Muslims they came to be called a Mappila Khalasis. Beypore being an exclusive timber outlet of Kerala has been a fascination for many seafaring people, especially the Arabs.

He took part in the individual Grand Prix dressage with the horse Lascar that did belong to Prince Bernhard. He finished in 28th place among 36 participants, in presence of the Dutch Prince and Princess Armgard of Sierstorpff-Cramm. To his disadvantage, he had to start first, and thus could not adjust his performance to competitors.

Colachi is a stratovolcano in the Antofagasta Region of northern Chile. It was built on a basement of ignimbrites. A 7 km² silicic lava flow lies on the saddle between the volcano and Acamarachi. Colachi is part of a chain of stratovolcanoes stretching along the eastern side of the Salar de Atacama, the most active of which being Lascar.

Moraines are also found and reflect the past occurrence of glaciation on the mountain; they lie at around elevation. The volcano has erupted dacitic lavas containing andesitic mafic inclusions. These inclusions resemble those from the Soncor flow of neighbouring Lascar to the northeast. Some rocks may have been influenced by the interaction with calcium carbonate in the magma chambers.

Volcan Puntas Negras has generated postglacial lava flows. An olivine basalt flow from the northern part of the chain extends over towards Salar el Laco and may be of late Holocene age. The youngest volcanic centre appears to be located southeast of Laguna Escondida. A zone of anomalous electrical conductivity down to depths of extends north to Lascar volcano.

Gunner Elliot was awarded the British Empire Medal and Lloyd's War Medal for Bravery at Sea. Members of Umonas crew who were killed are commemorated in the Second World War section of the Merchant Navy War Memorial at Tower Hill in London. Her Lascar seamen are commemorated in the Commonwealth War Graves Commission monuments at Chittagong and Mumbai.

Tunupa is formed principally by trachyandesite and trachydacite, forming a potassium-rich calc-alkaline suite. The rocks contain phenocrysts of amphibole, biotite, clinopyroxene, uncommon olivine, uncommon orthopyroxene, oxides and plagioclase. The lava domes are more silicic than the main volcanic edifice. An average magma output of has been estimated, which is comparable to Lascar and Parinacota.

Signed photo of Albert Mahomet Albert Mahomet was born in 1858 to a lascar merchant seaman father and English mother in Poplar, East London. Mahomet was a photographer, teacher and Methodist preacher. He left documentation of his life and of the life of the poor in London's East End in his book From Street Arab to Pastor.

Lascar is a stratovolcano within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, a volcanic arc that spans the countries of Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. It is the most active volcano in the region, with records of eruptions going back to 1848. It is composed of two separate cones with several summit craters. The westernmost crater of the eastern cone is presently active.

These formations are not visible in the Lascar area, but they crop out close to the Salar de Atacama. Tertiary sediment and volcanic rocks can also be found. The presence of Mesozoic limestone is indicated by xenoliths in Lascar's lavas; the only place they crop out farther east is in Argentina. This limestone formation has been identified as the Yacoraite formation.

Glaciers in the region reached their maximum size at that time. The deposits left by this erosional period contain no clear evidence of stage III activity; indeed Lascar was probably inactive between 14,000 and 10,500 years ago. However, an eruption of the Cerro Corona lava dome occurred during this period, and activity of stage III did not commence earlier than 22,300 years ago.

On 24 June 1803 the forces of King Sri Wickrama Rajasingha attacked this post where the British troops were stationed in Kandy and made the garrison (mostly consisting of Malay and 'Gun Lascar' or Sepoy mercenaries) prisoners. Most of the British were later massacred.Marshall. Henry. Ceylon: A General Description of the Island and Its Inhabitants, W.H. Allen, Sri Lanka, 1846: 96.

The next day the weather worsened, and in the afternoon the radio officer died. On 7 April, while escorting Convoy WS 7, the destroyer , rescued three Lascar crewmen, apparently from the lifeboat from which Clarke had been captured. Foxhound did not see the raft, which continued to drift. On 12 April the British cargo ship sighted the raft and rescued Brothers and Elliot.

This lava flow is known as the Tumbres–Talabre lava flow; its margins are high, and it features a central channel. The flow advanced just north of the head of Quebrada Talabre before passing over cliffs and entering it. Another lava flow on the southwest flank is known as the Capricorn Lava. This dacitic lava was erupted on Lascar at high altitude and has a blocky surface.

The novel is structured as a story within a story. A 21st- century academic, Dr Voth, discovers a manuscript that claims to be the confessions of Jack Shepphard. The manuscript reveals that Shepphard (like Voth) is a transgender man, and describes his experience of transitioning gender. It also reveals that Bess is of South Asian (Lascar) descent and that she grew up in the Fens.

Lascars were on board early British voyages to the north-west coast of North America. These sailors were among the multinational crew arriving from Asia in search of furs. Among these was the Nootka in 1786 that arrived at the Russian port of Unalaska and sailed on to Prince William Sound in Alaska. There were ten Indian and one Chinese Lascar on this vessel.

Olca-Paruma belongs to the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) of the Andean Volcanic Belt, a long volcanic arc that features 44active, or potentially active, volcanoes. The most active volcano is Lascar, where a major eruption took place in 1993. Other volcanoes with recorded activity include Irruputuncu, Isluga, and San Pedro. Fumarolic activity has been recorded at Alitar, Guallatiri, Lastarria, Olca-Paruma, Ollagüe, Putana, and Tacora.

By the mid-19th century, there were at least 40,000 Indian seamen, diplomats, scholars, soldiers, officials, tourists, businessmen and students in Great Britain. In 1855 more than 25,000 of these were lascar seamen working on British ships. Lascars were a transitory group who would lodge in British ports in between voyages. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there were around 70,000 South Asians in Britain.

Idrice Goumany was born in Mauritius in 1859. His father was Ameer Goomany, a descendent of a Cochin lascar who owned a business involved in the maritime industry. His mother Rosie Marguerite was a Mauritian Creole of mixed African and French ancestry. He studied at the original Royal College which was located in the centre of Port Louis before working briefly in his father's business.

There John Palmer picked up three passengers from Daphne, including Emma Hook, and a lascar seaman. For reasons unknown the ship also picked up a bag of coin containing 400 pounds from Daphne. As John Palmer attempted to beat out of the bay she was driven onto the rocks and became a total wreck. Emma Hook drowned, but the remaining sailors and passengers made it to shore.

She tried to enter the building; but her way was blocked by the opium den's owner, a lascar. She fetched the police, but they did not find Mr. St. Clair. The room behind the window was the lair of a dirty, disfigured beggar, known to the police as Hugh Boone. The police were about to put her story down as a mistake of some kind when Mrs.

Members of Rohnas crew who were killed are commemorated in the Second World War section of the Merchant Navy War Memorial at Tower Hill in London. Her lascar seamen are commemorated in the Commonwealth War Graves Commission monuments at Chittagong and Mumbai. A monument to the US troops who were killed was unveiled at Fort Mitchell National Cemetery in Seale, Alabama in 1996.Rohna The Memorial rohnasurvivors.

They started to be brought from 1848 (official end of slavery in French colonies).Malabar or Tamouls of ReunionIndian cultures in Reunion Island The term Malabar is used in the neighbouring island of Mauritius to describe North Indian Hindus, Lascar is used to describe Muslims and Madrasse (Madras being the capital of Tamil Nadu) is used to describe Tamils ethnic group of South India.

The main rocks of the volcano are andesite and dacite, which contain biotite and pyroxene as well as blebs containing iron oxide. The iron-containing rocks are a less important component. The whole rock falls into the calc-alkaline class of volcanic rocks, similar to these erupted by the neighbouring volcanoes Lascar and Llullaillaco. The andesites contain plagioclase clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and phenocrysts of magnetite.

British colonies and protectorates across Asia brought lascar sailors and militiamen to port cities in Britain. Immigration of small numbers of South Asians to England began with the arrival of the East India Company to the Indian subcontinent and the decline of the Mughal India at the end of the 16th century. Between the 17th and mid-19th century, increasingly diverse lascar crews heading for Britain imported Parsees, East Asians, such as Japanese and Chinese seamen, Southeast Asians, such as Malays, and post-Suez Canal; West Asian Armenians and Yemenis, who settled throughout the United Kingdom. In particular, Indians also came to Britain, for educational or economic reasons, during the British Raj, with most returning to India after a few months or years, and in greater numbers as the Indian independence movement led to the partition of 1947, eventually creating the separate countries of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.

Cerro Laguna Verde is one of the many stratovolcanoes that integrate a -long chain east of the Gran Salar de Atacama in Chile's II Region. The mountain is located west of Acamarachi (also known as Cerro de Pili) and north of the Aguas Calientes (Simbad) and Lascar stratovolcanoes. The age of the volcano, which rises above the surrounding terrain is not known for certain. Earlier it was considered Pleistocene-Holocene.

Lahar deposits are found in adjacent valleys, suggesting that wetter periods had occurred during Lascar's activity. The Quebrada Talabre was scoured by pyroclastic flows during the 1993 eruption, exposing bedrock and Tertiary ignimbrites. Traces of glacial action are found on the older parts of Lascar at altitudes above and include meltwater gorges, striated rock surfaces, and U-shaped valleys. Moraines are found at Tumisa down to an altitude of .

Hollywood Road is a street in Central and Sheung Wan, on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The street runs between Central and Sheung Wan, with Wyndham Street, Arbuthnot Road, Ladder Street, Upper Lascar Row, and Old Bailey Street in the vicinity. Hollywood Road was the second road to be built when the colony of Hong Kong was founded, after Queen's Road Central. It was the first to be completed.

Through the Portuguese and Spanish maritime world empires, some Indian lascars found their way on to British ships, and were among the sailors on the first British East India Company ships to sail to India. Lascar crewmen from India are depicted on Japanese Namban screens of the sixteenth century. The Luso-Asians appear to have evolved their own pidgin Portuguese which was used throughout South and Southeast Asia.

This led to a small number of "mixed race" children being born in the country. Ethnic minority women in Britain were often outnumbered by "half-caste Indian" daughters born from white mothers and Indian fathers. The most famous of these mixed-race children was Albert Mahomet, born with a lascar father and English mother. He went on to write a book about his life called From Street Arab to Pastor.

In April, she cast Kaya Scodelario as Catherine, a more age- appropriate choice than previous adaptations. Due to Brontë's description of Heathcliff as a "dark-skinned gypsy in aspect" and "a little Lascar", Arnold searched for an actor from the UK's Romani community. However, the community had some doubts. The search was then expanded to Yorkshire actors aged 16 to 21 of mixed race, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Middle Eastern descent.

Although 摩囉 is not in the Chinese dictionary, its meaning stems from the English word lascar. Derived from the Arab-Persian lashkar (military camp), it was used by the British to refer to South Asian seamen. The word 摩囉 comes from "Musselmen", Muslims from the Middle East who traded in China. Early Europeans in Southeast Asia used mouro in Portuguese or morro in Spanish, and Musselmen gradually became "Morra".

Lascar Row In Chinese, it is common to use 摩囉 ("Moors") to refer to South Asians from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This reflects the pre-European colonial role of Muslim South Asian trading connections with southern China. The S61 and S62 historic blocks of the former Whitfield Barracks at Kowloon Park in Tsim Sha Tsui are known as the Moors Soldiers Barracks (摩囉兵營).

Askari is a loan word from the Arabic (ʿaskarī), meaning "soldier". The Arabic word is a derivation from the Middle Persian word "lashkar" meaning "army". . The word "lashkar" also is the root of the word Lascar for a South Asian soldier or a person of South Asian origin. Words for "(a regular) soldier" derived from these words are found in Azeri, Indonesian, Malay, Somali, Swahili, Turkish and Urdu.

Taapaca lies in the Parinacota province of the Arica y Parinacota Region. Northern Chile has little documented volcanic activity during the last ten thousand years with the majority of eruptions documented at Guallatiri, Lascar and Parinacota. The first and the last of these three volcanoes as well as Taapaca itself are part of the Lauca National Park. Taapaca volcano can be reached from the Tambo Quemado-Arica international road.

About 2 million years ago, the "Diaguita deformation" was characterized by a change in the deformation regimen from crustal shortening to strike-slip faulting and of volcanism from voluminous felsic eruptions to isolated stratovolcanoes and back-arc mafic volcanism. A slowdown in the subduction may have caused this change. Nowadays most volcanism occurs at the western edge of the Puna, where volcanoes such as Lascar and Llullaillaco formed.

Volcanic activity is characterized by constant release of volcanic gas and occasional vulcanian eruptions. Lascar has been active since at least 56,000 years ago, though some argue for activity beginning 220,000 years ago. The first known activity occurred at the eastern cone and was characterized by lava flows, before shifting to the western cone where lava domes were emplaced. An eruption event known as Piedras Grandes was followed by the large Soncor eruption.

Lascar has erupted about thirty times since the 19th century. Written reports of volcanic activity exist since the 16th century, when the Spaniards arrived in the region, though few records exist from before 1848. Volcanic activity recorded after 1848 consists chiefly of fumarolic emissions and occasional explosive activity. Recorded eruptions occurred in 1858, 1875, 1883–1885, 1898–1900(?) and 1902, ranging from a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 0 to VEI 2.

This ecoregion occupies the southwestern portion of the Altiplano and is located east of the Atacama Desert. Salt flats, locally known as Salares, are a characteristic feature of this ecoregion. Among the largest salares are Coipasa, Uyuni, Atacama, and Arizaro. Other major geographical features are the lakes Poopó and Coipasa, and the many volcanoes that tower over the altiplano, including Parinacota, Nevado Sajama, Tata Sabaya, Ollagüe, Licancabur, Lascar, Aracar, Socompa and Llullaillaco.

Traditional workers at Beypore repairing an Uru Khalasis are a group of people traditionally employed at ports and dockyards. Khalasi is an Arabic word which means dockyard worker, sailor, lascar etc. Khalasis are concentrated at Beypore and nearby areas in Kozhikode district in Kerala, India. Traditional job profile of Khalasis focus on drawing the ships and boats on shore for maintenance and repair and also pushing the same back to the sea.

However, his father's main goal was to educate his children which was extremely expensive leading to him sell nearly all his land. This led to Qureshi being well educated during his youth. Qureshi decided to become a lascar after being inspired by many other Sylheti men and moved to Calcutta in 1934. He believed that seafaring was a historical inheritance of Sylhetis due to many Sylhetis being descendants of foreign traders and businessmen.

Cardinal d'Albret was also the Administrator of the dioceses of Comminges, Vannes, Condom, Lascar, Oloron, Couserans, and Pamplona. Albret had arrived in Rome on 13 September 1502. Pope Alexander VI died on 18 August 1503, and Amanieu d'Albret, the brother-in-law of Cesare Borgia, participated in both the Conclave of August that elected Francesco Piccolomini (Pius III), and the Conclave of October–November that elected Giuliano della Rovere (Julius II). Eubel, II, p.

A major Plinian eruption occurred 26,450 ± 500 years ago, releasing of ejecta, both volcanic ash and pyroclastic flows. The deposits left contain both andesite and dacite, with phenocrysts consisting of apatite, augite, biotite, iron-titanium oxides, orthopyroxene and plagioclase in a rhyolite matrix. The Plinian deposit has a colour ranging from white to creamy. Like the Piedras Grandes rocks, they tend towards high potassium quantities, and resemble other volcanic rocks of Lascar and the Central Andes in composition.

Saeed Ullah was said to have migrated not only for work but also to attack Lindsay and avenge his Sylheti elders for the Muharram Rebellion of 1782. Due to the majority of early Sylheti settlers being lascar seamen, the earliest Muslim communities were found in port towns. Naval cooks and waiters also came. One of the most famous early Bengali Muslim immigrants to Britain was Sake Dean Mahomet, a captain of the British East India Company.

Among the total complement were two spare Lascar crews recruited in India for service on British ships. She was carrying 7,422 tons of general cargo, including pig iron, timber, wool, cotton, manganese ore and 2,000 boxes of silver coins. The ship sailed north for , zigzagging during the day and keeping about off the African coast, before turning westwards across the South Atlantic towards Brazil and her next port of call. She was unescorted and capable of only .

Dale detailed Earl Spencer to go with Monarch. Streatham, Europe, and Lord Keith continued on their way while hoping to meet up with Victor. They did not. The French frigate captured Europe and Streatham on 31 May in . Europe resisted and in the engagement she had two British seamen killed and one lascar wounded out of 128 people on board. Kelston gave the breakdown of the people on board as 41 British, 31 foreign, and 56 lascars.

The volcano has a well formed summit crater. A small crater lake is found within the Aguas Calientes summit crater, making it one of the highest lakes in the world at an altitude of . The lake has a surface area of and is tinged red from a population of microorganisms. The lake water is acidic and is frequently influenced by activity from Lascar, with winds carrying sulfuric acid and water vapour clouds to the crater lake.

He soon discovers that it is rare for a lascar to finish his contract and leave with the promised payment. In order to survive and fearing for his life, he realises he must escape the ship. Ayan and his friend, Akbar, devise a plan to escape The Bengal when it docks in London, but to do so, they murder one of their captors, The Cruel One. Ayan and Akbar escape to a new life in Victorian London.

Since the mid-nineteenth century, there has been a population of people of Indian (like Lascars) or mixed British-Indian ethnic origin living in Britain, both through intermarriage between white Britons and Indians, and through the migration of Anglo-Indians from India to Britain. Indian-British interracial marriage began in Britain from the 17th century, when the British East India Company began bringing over thousands of Lascar seamen to Britain, where they married local British women, due to a lack of Indian women in Britain at the time. As there were no legal restrictions against mixed marriages in Britain, families with Indian Lascar fathers and English mothers established interracial communities in Britain's dock areas. This led to a growing number of "mixed race" children being born in the country; first-generation ethnic minority females in Britain were from the late 19th century until at least the 1950s outnumbered by mixed race descendants of British mothers and Indian fathers, first typically described as 'half-caste Indian' or less derogatorily 'half Indian', the loftier term 'Anglo-Indian' being used in middle and upper class circles.

The Sailors' Home (later Board of Trade offices and other uses, converted into flats in the 1980s) was built at 133 East India Dock Road and opened in 1841. It provided 200 beds of model accommodation, caring for the crews of his ships in between their voyages, protecting them from, among other things, the danger of the Crimping System (being Shanghaied). Unusually for its time, the Sailors' Home was racially integrated (see Lascar). Green was buried at St Matthias Old Church.

The group travels to Portobello Road to locate the rest of the book. After an exchange with an old bookseller, Miss Price learns that the spell is engraved on the Star of Astaroth, a medallion that belonged to a sorcerer of that name. The bookseller explains that the medallion was taken by a pack of wild animals, given anthropomorphism by Astaroth, to a remote island called Naboombu. A 17th century lascar had claimed to have seen Naboombu, but the bookseller never found it.

After serving a five-year prison sentence, Ayan meets a ship painter Malik, a fellow East Indian, at the London Docks. Together, they build an import shop. One day, they catch a street urchin named Arthur trying to steal from the store. Ayan discovers that the boy's father was also a Lascar who had escaped The Bengal and became involved with a white woman whose family loathed the idea of their daughter being in love with a dark-skinned Muslim man.

On 12 October 1912 the steamship Powerful collided with Arabia in the English Channel off Southampton. Powerfuls bow holed the crew WC above the waterline, crushing lascar crewman Hassan Moosa to death. In 1915 and 1916 Arabia made three voyages between Britain and Australia. On 6 November 1916 she was en route from Sydney via Fremantle, Western Australia to England when the German submarine torpedoed her without warning south by west of Cape Matapan, Greece, killing 11 of her engine room crew.

Of these volcanic zones, the Central Volcanic Zone of which Lascar is a member of is the largest, covering parts of Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. The Central Volcanic Zone is located between two areas where subduction is shallower and volcanic activity is absent. In the Central Volcanic Zone, volcanism has been active for 120 million years, although it has undergone eastward migration during this time. Water released from the subducting plate triggers the formation of basaltic magmas that are then injected into the crust.

The chemistry of Lascar's rocks is fairly similar to those of neighbouring Tumisa volcano. Magma erupted by Lascar appears to form from the mixing of mafic and more evolved magmas; the 1993 eruption deposits contain bands of different rocks. Specifically, basaltic andesite magma is periodically injected into a magma chamber, where crystal fractionation and mixing processes take place. The process happens frequently, thus the magmas are relatively unevolved; presumably, if the supply of mafic magma is steady, the products are andesitic, otherwise dacite forms.

HMHS Dieppe treated over 100 of Malojas survivors At 1500 hrs Saturday 26 February 1916 Maloja sailed from Tilbury for Bombay carrying 122 passengers (less than a fifth of her capacity) and a general cargo. Her passengers were a mixture of military and government personnel, and civilians including women and children. Following normal P&O; practice, her complement of 301 comprised British officers and Lascar crew. On the morning of Sunday 27 February Maloja approached the Strait of Dover at full speed and overtook a Canadian collier, .

Indians had been employed for a long time on the European ships trading in India and the East Indies. Many of the early voyages to the Pacific either started or terminated in India, and many of these ships were wrecked in the uncharted waters of the South Pacific. The first recorded presence of an Indian in Fiji was by Peter Dillon, a sandalwood trader in Fiji, of a lascar (Indian seaman) who survived a ship wreck and lived amongst the natives of Fiji in 1813.

Subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate occurs in the Peru-Chile Trench at a rate of . It is responsible for the volcanism in the Andes, which is localized in three volcanic zones known as the Northern Volcanic Zone, Central Volcanic Zone and Southern Volcanic Zone. Cerro Blanco is part of the Andean Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ), and one of its southernmost volcanoes. The CVZ is sparsely inhabited and recent volcanic activity is only poorly recorded; Lascar is the only regularly active volcano there.

Other colleges operate in other villages around the island, namely Le Chou, Marechal, Grand Montagne, Mont Lubin and Citron Donis. The locality of Port Mathurin proper occupies a very small area, and neighbouring settlements (localities) include Fond La Digue, Montagne Fanal, Pointe Monier, Camp du Roi and Baie Lascar. In 1996, the Admiral Nevelskoi Yacht, ended his course in the lagoon next to Port Mathurin, after 2 years voyage crewless. This yacht, which was a property of the Russian government, was then given to Hon.

I, p. 18, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Oxford University Press, 1995 edition. This was originally the military area of the city and several landmarks remain including Fort William, the Lascar War Memorial and the Ordnance Club, as well as the Race Course. In 1888, one of the 25 newly organized police section houses was located in Hastings. This is also where one of the city’s major thoroughfares feeds onto Vidyasagar Setu, the impressive suspension bridge crossing the Hooghly River which was completed in 1992.

Lascar rests atop the Atana ignimbrite, a rhyodacitic sheet which was erupted by La Pacana caldera 4.5–3.7 million years ago. The Pampa Chamaca and Tuyajto ignimbrites are somewhat younger, 2.6–2.2 million and less than 1 million years respectively. These ignimbrites form a 3° steep slope in the area. Other basement rocks are the sandstone-containing marine Devonian–Carboniferous Lila formation, the red-orange Permian Cas formation containing volcanic rocks and granites, as well as the volcanic Permian–Triassic Peine formation and Cerro Negro strata, which also contain intruded rocks and lake sediments.

The oldest volcanic activity at Lascar occurred between 220,000 and less than 50,000 years ago. Activity has alternated between the eastern and western part of the volcano during its history. The eastern edifice formed first (stage I), erupting andesite containing pyroxene, and eventually forming the Chaile and Saltar pyroclastic flows. The oldest mafic andesites are less than 43,000 years old, while the Chaile and Saltar pyroclastic flows erupted over 26,500 years ago. An alternative dating scheme considers Chaile to be 47,000 ± 16,000 years old and Saltar 167,000 ± 9,000 years old.

The western edifice generated a complex of lava domes (stage II), which was probably surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped crater open to the west. Possibly, the magma chamber of stage I had almost solidified when the injection of basaltic magma at depths of over triggered a remelting. Andesite-rhyodacite intrusions occurred beneath the volcano, some of which were still hot when the Soncor eruption tore them out of the ground. An ice cap formed over Lascar at that time, feeding two glaciers that extended northeast and southeast away from the volcano.

Explosive eruptions and ash falls are the major threat to humans from Lascar. The frequent smaller explosive events commonly occur unexpectedly and can thus endanger people on the mountain. The towns of Tumbres and Talabre may be affected by pyroclastic flows, and ash falls can occur east of the volcano. Such ash falls could potentially hit the towns of San Pedro de Atacama, Talabre and Toconao as well as the Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, the San Pedro de Atacama–Paso de Jama–Jujuy international road and the Sico Pass.

After the death of James Cook in Hawaii, HMS Resolution sailed to Macau with her cargo of furs from the north-west coast of North America. The ship was very undermanned and took on fresh crew at Macau in December 1779 including a lascar from Calcutta by the name of Ibraham Mohammed. Lascars were arriving in Hong Kong before the 1842 Treaty of Nanking. Since the island of Hong Kong was initially a naval base there were Indian lascars of the East Indies Fleet arriving at Hong Kong in those early colonial days.

At the start of indenture most of the crews of indenture ships were lascars, but they treated their fellow countrymen passengers roughly and also many got sick in the cold weather, south of Australia on the voyage to Fiji. From 1891 attempts were made to employ more Europeans on the ship, but the crew remained predominantly lascar. The indenture ship, Syria, which ran aground on Nasilai Reef on 11 May 1884 had on-board 33 lascars, out of a total crew of 43. Of the 33, three died in the disaster.

According to the Samguk Yusa, the princess' parents had a dream sent by a god who told them about a king from a faraway land. That was King Kim Suro of the Gaya kingdom, in what is now the southeastern tip of South Korea. In Goa during the late 16th and 17th centuries, there was a community of Japanese slaves and traders, who were either Japanese Christians fleeing anti-Christian sentiments in Japan, or Japanese slaves brought or captured by Portuguese traders and their South Asian lascar crewmembers from Japan.

Through the sea-based organisation of the British Empire, its administrators created a social class of Asian labourers known as coolies, of which lascars were considered the maritime equivalent. Lascars were sailors or seamen from many different ethnic backgrounds. The term was sometimes used to specifically refer to a sailor of any Asian ancestry, however there were also African lascars recorded in Britain. Of the Asian lascars, Austronesian Malay people, from Southeast Asia, formed a significant part of the lascar population settling in, and sailing to and from Britain.

This is the second Basil Rathbone "Sherlock Holmes" film in which Moriarty dies. He is thrown to his death from the top of the Tower of London by Holmes in 1939's The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. During the course of the adventure, Holmes adopts the disguises of an elderly German bookseller (taken from the Arthur Conan Doyle story The Adventure of the Empty House), the lascar sailor Ram Singh, and the Swiss scientist Professor Hoffner. His disguise as the bookseller was parodied in the film The Pink Panther.

The last major eruption occurred in 1994. Lascar erupting in 2006 Chile has experienced numerous volcanic eruptions from 60 volcanoes, including Llaima Volcano and the Chaitén Volcano. More recently, a magnitude-8.8 earthquake struck central Chile on February 27, 2010, the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcano erupted in 2011, and a M8.2 earthquake struck northern Chile on April 1, 2014. The main shock was preceded by a number of moderate to large shocks and was followed by a large number of moderate to very large aftershocks, including a magnitude-7.6 event on 2 April.

Irruputuncu and other volcanoes including Guallatiri, Isluga, Lascar and San Pedro have displayed phreatic or magmatic- phreatic activity. The arid climate of the area has led to good preservation of volcanic structures. A small gap about wide, which is known as the "Pica gap" but includes the Pliocene-Pleistocene Alto Toroni volcano that features vigorous seismic activity, separates Irruputuncu from Isluga in the north. Irruputuncu is part of an elliptical alignment of volcanoes that extends to the east, which may be linked to a cup-shaped intrusion in the crust.

Only eight boats were launched; they became overloaded with troops and most became waterlogged or capsized. The number one deck serang (boatswain), Bhowan Meetha, helped the chief officer to launch the boats. Other members of the lascar crew launched the two aft lifeboats and abandoned ship without remaining to help to launch the other boats. With number four hold afire and all communications severed, the crewmen aft had lost contact with the bridge and had no way to reach the boat deck to help with the other boats.

Vanja Perišić (born July 5, 1985 in Split) is a Croatian middle distance runner, who specialized in the 800 metres. Perisic represented Croatia at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the women's 800 metres. She ran in the third heat of the event, against six other athletes, including Kenya's Pamela Jelimo, who eventually won the gold medal in the final. She finished the race in sixth place by seventy-one hundredths of a second (0.71) behind Mauritius' Annabelle Lascar, with a time of 2:06.82.

For most of his life, Tennant tried to start or finish a novel – Lascar: A Story You Must Forget. It is popularly believed that he spent the last 17 years of his life in bed at his family manor at Wilsford cum Lake, Wiltshire, which he had redecorated by Syrie Maugham. Though undoubtedly idle, he was not truly lethargic: he made several visits to the United States and Italy, and struck up many new friendships. His later reputation as a recluse became increasingly true only towards the last years of his life.

Many of these systems are in remote regions and thus are poorly studied but pose little threat to humans. The largest historical eruption in the Central Volcanic Zone occurred in 1600 at Huaynaputina in Peru, and the recently most active volcano is Lascar in Chile. Socompa is a high composite volcano consisting of a central cone and several lava domes; it is the most voluminous conical volcano of the Central Volcanic Zone. Several dacitic lava flows form the summit area of the volcano, the youngest of which originates in a summit dome.

There are several unpaved roads and all parts of the field are easily accessible. El Tatio is part of the Central Volcanic Zone, a segment of the Andes between 14° and 28° southern latitude where the Andes are volcanically active. This volcanism manifests itself with about 10 silicic caldera complexes of the Altiplano–Puna volcanic complex and more than 50 recently active volcanoes; Lascar in 1993 erupted and produced a tall eruption column. Andesitic stratovolcanoes reaching elevations of about are found at El Tatio east of the field, while the Sierra de Tucle lies to the southwest of it.

Aguas Calientes caldera lies in the northwestern Salta Province of Argentina, in the San Antonio de los Cobres district to the southeast of the town of the same name. Aguas Calientes caldera is part of the Central Volcanic Zone (CVC), which is located in southern Peru, northern Chile, southwestern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina in highlands over high. At least six potentially active calderas, 44 active major and 18 active minor volcanoes lie in this area, of which Lascar volcano is the most active. The largest eruption in historical times in the CVZ occurred in 1600 on Huaynaputina volcano in Peru.

In both deck and engine room departments, the lascars were headed by a serang (equivalent to the boatswain in the deck department), assisted by one or more tindals (equivalent to boatswain's mates in the deck department). Other senior deck positions included seacunny (quartermaster), mistree (carpenter, although a European carpenter was often carried), and kussab or cassab (lamp trimmer). An apprentice in either department was known as a topas or topaz. The senior lascar steward was known as the butler (either answering to a European chief steward or in charge of the catering department himself in a small ship).

The Pope appointed a committee of three bishops, the Archbishop of Auch and the bishops of Lascar and Dax (Aquensis), to inquire into the canonical form of the election, the behavior of the petitioners, and the merits of the Elect. They were to inform the Pope immediately of their findings, which they did, and which were all positive. On 14 July 1246 Pope Innocent provided the necessary dispensation and the mandate to the Archbishop to consecrate Pierre de Gavarret as Bishop of Oloron. On 27 June 1246 he notified the Chapter that he had approved their petition.

A typical Indian look has been given by adding wavy lines beneath the projected balcony, which symbolises waves, along with chhajjas and trellises. The Lascar War Memorial has similarities with the victory tower of Chittor. The memorial built in the Indo-Mughal style by William Ingram Keir, who also designed the Kidderpore Bridge, buildings at Bengal Engineering and Science University in Shibpur, the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, and Islamia College, and also replaced the 1934 earthquake affected spire of St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata with a tower. William Ingram Keir won a prize of Rupees 500 for designing the memorial.

Following this, in January 1803, George Bass asked Governor King of New South Wales for a fishing monopoly, from a line bisecting New Zealand from Dusky Sound to Otago Harbour extending south to include the subantarctic Islands. It was not granted, but it indicates the sealers' area of interest and Dusky Sound's place in it.Robert McNab (ed), Historical Records of New Zealand, 2 vols, Wellington, NZ: Government Printer, 1908 & 1914. The Matilda under Captain Fowler was on this part of the coast in 1814 when six of his lascar (Indian) seamen absconded in an open boat.

Families with South Asian lascar fathers and white mothers established small interracial families in Britain's dock areas. This led to a number of "mixed race" children being born in the country. The small number of ethnic minority women in Britain were often outnumbered by "half-caste Indian" daughters born from white mothers and Indian fathers although mixed race families were still very unusual in Britain at this time. In addition, a number of British officers who had Indian wives and Anglo-Indian children in British India often brought them over to Britain in the 19th century.

On 9 May 1943, Ali and his acquaintance Shah Abdul Majid Qureshi founded the Indian Seamen's Union (not to be confused with the Calcutta-based organisation of the same name) with intentions to promote the social welfare of British Asians (mostly those with lascar or working-class backgrounds) in Christian Street. It ensured the rights of the Asians and also allowed them to communicate to their relatives back home. Its first meeting took place on 14 July 1943 in King's Hall, Commercial Street, London. The meeting attracted mostly Bengali Muslims but dozens of Europeans were also present.

The last of the party to die on the march was killed by a man Dilba and his people near Hat Hill. Those people had a reputation around Port Jackson for being ferocious. Matthew Flinders and George Bass had feared for their safety when they encountered Dilba the previous year. In May 1797 the three survivors of the march, William Clark, sailor John Bennet and one lascar had made it to the cove at Wattamolla and, on 15 May 1797, with their strength nearly at an end they were able to signal a boat out fishing, which took them on to Sydney.

Matthew Flinders and George Bass had feared for their safety when they encountered Dilba the previous year. In May 1797, the three survivors of the march, William Clark, sailor John Bennet and one lascar had made it to the cove at Wattamolla and, on 15 May 1797, with their strength nearly at an end they were able to signal a boat out fishing, which took them on to Sydney. On the march, Clark had noted coal in the cliffs at what is now called Coalcliff between Sydney and Wollongong. This was the second instance of coal discovered in Australia.

Bangladeshis are one of the largest immigrant communities in the United Kingdom. Significant numbers of ethnic Bengali and ethnic Sylheti peoples arrived as early as the seventeenth century, mostly as lascar seamen working on ships. Following the founding of Bangladesh in 1971, a large immigration to Britain took place during the 1970s, leading to the establishment of a British Bangladeshi community. Bangladeshis were encouraged to move to Britain during that decade because of changes in immigration laws, natural disasters such as the Bhola cyclone, the Bangladesh Liberation War against Pakistan, and the desire to escape poverty, and the perception of a better living led Sylheti men bringing their families.

These mistaken assumptions were due to the Indian city of Goa being a central base for the Portuguese East India Company and also due to a significant portion of the crew on Portuguese ships being Indian Christians. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, Indian lascar seamen frequently visited Japan as crew members aboard Portuguese ships, and later aboard British ships in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the anti-Christian persecutions in 1596, many Japanese Christians fled to the Portuguese colony of Goa in India. By the early 17th century, there was a community of Japanese traders in Goa in addition to Japanese slaves brought by Portuguese ships from Japan.

The largest historical eruption in the Central Volcanic Zone occurred at Huaynaputina in 1600 and Lascar is the most active volcano in the region; otherwise volcanic activity is poorly recorded as most edifices are remote from human habitation. Taapaca is located on the western margin of the Altiplano, where the Western Cordillera has developed since the Oligocene. The basement beneath the volcano is formed by several principally volcanic formations, including the Lupica and sedimentary Huaylas formations and the Lauca ignimbrite (2.72 million years old); this basement is of Oligocene to Pliocene age. In some places, a Proterozoic basement formed by amphibolites, gneisses and serpentinites crops out.

In 1998 Dr James G. Bennett, who lost a brother in the sinking, published a book, The Rohna Disaster, through the self-publishing service Xlibris. In it he alleges that the heavy loss of life was due to the incompetence and cowardice of the Rohnas lascar crew and faulty safety procedures and equipment aboard. In 2002 the History Channel released an episode of its History Undercover series, The Rohna Disaster: WWII's Secret Tragedy, that was based on Bennett's book and repeated his allegations. Wartime reports by the lieutenant colonel in command of the US troops aboard, and by Rohnas second officer and other survivors, contradict aspects of Bennett's allegations.

Goa was a colony in Portuguese India set up in the early 16th century, and this Portuguese stronghold contained a community of Portuguese slaves. During the late 16th and 17th centuries the Portuguese trade in Japanese slaves resulted in traders from the Portuguese Empire and their captive lascar crew members from South Asia bringing Japanese slaves to Goa. These were usually young Japanese women and girls brought or captured from Japan as sexual slaves. The culture of the performing art of nautch, an alluring style of popular dance, rose to prominence during the later period of Mughal Empire and the British East India Company Rule.

Larger particles fell closer to the volcano, while smaller particles were carried farther. Volcanic ash deposited close to the volcano was partially remobilized by winds a few days after the eruption. This eruption was the most significant eruption of Lascar in the last 9,000 years, with a volcanic explosivity index of 4 and a duration of 32 hours, and one of the most significant volcanic eruptions in the recent history of Chile. It caused noticeable changes in the morphology of the volcano, including the formation of a new fracture along the summit craters; however, the summit craters themselves were not heavily altered apart from the formation of a trench across the three craters that runs in west–east direction.

It also created a mission church of its own, the Church of the Ascension (1887–1905), a mission to lascar seamen from 1887 and a mission in Ford Park Road by 1890. It was badly damaged in 1940 during the London Blitz, though services continued in a garage and then in the church hall. Temporary repairs to the church in 1949 were followed by permanent reconstruction by 1960. The area was also redeveloped in the postwar period as the Keir Hardie Park, meaning that in 1961 the parish of St Matthew's Church, Custom House and parts of the parishes of Holy Trinity and St Gabriel's were added to that of St Luke's.

Among the things provided by the home were a library of Christian books in Asian and African languages, a store room for valuables, and a place where Lascars could send their earnings back to India. Lascars were allowed entrance as long as they had the prospect of local employment, or were on a ship returning East. The collective naming of these groups as "strangers" reflects British attitudes at the time. Lascar immigrants were often the first Asians to be seen in British cities and were initially perceived as indolent due to their reliance on Christian charities. In 1925 the Coloured Alien Seamen Order 1925 Act was brought into law by the Secretary of State for the Home Department.

That same day, Jackalow, anchored on a nearby yawl boat and was taken aboard the schooner Thomas F. French (of Suffolk, Virginia), captained by James Webb, who believed Jackalow to be a kanaka. (Other accounts call him a lascar.) Jackalow gave contradictory accounts of the fate of the Leetes. He told Webb that Jonathan was sick in the cabin and that Elijah had been knocked overboard by the boom, but he subsequently changed his story, claiming that one brother had fallen overboard from the bowsprit, and the other had been knocked overboard by the mainsheet. Webb sailed to Little Egg Harbor, finding the Lucinda and its captain and hearing Willis's account of the collision.

Three of Viceroy of Indias Lascar crew Postcard of the P&O; S.S. Viceroy of India, during civilian service (1935) Viceroy of India was handed over to P&O; on 7 March 1929 and made her maiden voyage on the Indian mail route. Viceroy of India was also suited for leisure cruises, which she made every year until the outbreak of World War II in September 1939. On 9 August 1929, she collided with the tug at Venice, Italy; Olanda was beached after the collision. On 23 November 1929 Viceroy of India rescued 25 crew members from the Italian cargo steamer which sank in the eastern Mediterranean off the coast of Egypt.

The period of Indian settlement begins with the earliest known Indian resident of New Zealand, a lascar of Bengali descent from the visiting ship City of Edinburgh who jumped ship in 1809 in the Bay of Islands to live with a Māori wife. Numbers slowly increased through the 19th and 20th centuries, despite a law change in 1899 that was designed to keep out people who were not of "British birth and parentage". As in many other countries, Indians in New Zealand, also called "Indo-Kiwis," dispersed throughout the country and had a high rate of small business ownership, particularly fruit and vegetable shops and convenience stores. At this stage most Indian New Zealanders originated from Gujarat and the Punjab.

Indian seamen had been employed on European ships since the first European made the sea voyage to India. Vasco da Gama, the first European to reach India by sea (in 1498), hired an Indian pilot at Malindi (a coastal settlement in what is now Kenya) to steer the Portuguese ship across the Indian Ocean to the Malabar Coast in southwestern India. Portuguese ships continued to employ lascars from the Indian Subcontinent in large numbers throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, mainly from Goa and other Portuguese colonies in India. The Portuguese applied the term "lascar" to all sailors on their ships who were originally from the Indies, which they defined as the areas east of the Cape of Good Hope.

When the British adopted the term "lascar", they initially used it for all Asian crewmen, but after 1661 and the ceding of Bombay to England by Portugal, the term was used mainly to describe crewmen from East India. Among other terms was "topaze" to describe Indo-Portuguese naval militia, especially from Bombay, Thana, and former Portuguese territories such as Diu, Damman, Cochin and the Hugli River. The term "sepoy" was used to describe Indian military militia. The number of Indian seamen employed on UK ships was so great that the British tried to restrict this by the Navigation Acts in force from 1660, which required that 75 percent of the crew of a British-registered ship importing goods from Asia had to be British.

Angered by the violation of China's sovereignty, Lin recalled Chinese labourers from Macau and issued an edict preventing the sale of food to the British. War Junks were deployed to the mouth of the Pearl River, while signs were placed and rumours spread by the Qing that they had poisoned the freshwater springs traditionally used to restock foreign merchant ships.Fay (2000) pp. 203 ^ Jump up to:a b c On 23 August a ship belonging to a prominent opium merchant was attacked by lascar pirates while travelling downriver from Canton to Macau. Rumors spread among the British that it had been Chinese soldiers who had attacked the ship, and Elliot ordered all British ships to leave the coast of China by 24 August.Fay (2000) pp.

During the Western Schism (1378–1417) the Kings of England supported the Roman Obedience, at least until 1408, when they sent official delegates to the Council of Pisa (March–August 1409), while the Kings of France, Aragon, and Castile supported the Avignon Obedience. Oloron, which was the feudal property of the Counts of Foix, who were also Vicomtes of Béarn, found itself in the middle of the dispute. Gaston III, Count of Foix and Vicomte de Béarn, attempted to please both sides. The chronicler Jean Froissart recalls a Christmas dinner at the court of Foix in 1388, in which the Count entertained two bishops of the Avignon Obedience, those of Pamiers and Lascar, and two bishops of the Roman Obedience, those of Aire and of Oleron.

A wedding party preparing for formal photographs at Thornbury Castle Inter-ethnic marriage began occurring more often in Britain since the 17th century, when the British East India Company began bringing over many Indian scholars, lascars, servants and workers. Though mixed marriages were not always accepted in British society, there were no legal restrictions against intermarriage at the time. By the mid-19th century, there were more than 40,000 Indian seamen, diplomats, scholars, soldiers, officials, tourists, businessmen and students arriving(normally temporarily) to Britain. By the late 19th century and early 20th century, there were around 70,000 South Asians working on British ships, 51,616 of whom were lascar seamen working on British merchant ships for the Royal Navy when World War 1 began.

The remaining four are cartographic depictions of cities and islands. The ethnic groups and individuals depicted include Chinese Filipinos ("Sangley") or Chinese, Cafres or East Africans brought to Manila slave market by Portuguese, a Canarin (a native of India on the Konkani coast, most likely a Goan or Mangalorean), a Lascar from India, mestizos, a Mardica (natives of Ternate and Tidore), a Japanese ("Japon"), Spaniards, Criollos, Filipino natives ("Indios"), Aetas, an Armenian, a Mughal, a native of the Malabar region and a Visayan. Maps of "Samboagan" (known today as Zamboanga City, a city in Mindanao), the port of Cavite, the island of "Guajan" (Guam) and Manila, and illustrations of endemic plants and animals occupy the remaining sections. The Murillo Velarde map was widely reprinted.

Sylheti orphans Ayan Miah and his elder brother Kazi are constantly reminded by their mission teachers of their low caste background and how their aim in life should be to become 'respectable'. Ayan's elder brother develops cancer, due to the incessant chewing of betel nuts, this motivates Ayan to join the seaman (as his father did) in order to earn money and better his brother's health. He finds work as a slave laborer aboard The Bengal, a British steamship making the journey from Calcutta to London. Ayan is forced to rethink his situation after he realises the financial security that is promised to the lascar is far from the harsh reality of working in prison-like conditions of the trading ship.

With the outbreak of the Second World War, and the decline in numbers of the puffers during the 1930s, led the Admiralty to order the Victualling Inshore Craft, to a design based on two recent puffers, the Hay boats Anzac and Lascar. These were both coal-fired and steam-powered, limiting the pressure on supplies of fuel oil and diesel, though later VICs were diesel-powered. The puffers were typically divided into "shorehead" (or coastal) boats, with a maximum length of 66 ft, and "outside" (sea-going) boats, of 80 ft. The shorehead boats were within the dimensions of the Forth & Clyde Canal sealocks, making it possible for them to enter the inland waterway system, though the outside boats were more suited to the Atlantic conditions off the west coast.

Some Indian fathers in Britain were middle class, but the majority were working class -- at the time World War I began, 51,616 Lascar seamen were working in Britain. Rarely domestically referred to as Anglo-Indians, the term is dated in Britain. People of Indian or mixed British-Indian ethnicity living in Britain generally prefer the terms British Indian and mixed White-Asian and in predominant White European ancestry cases mostly but also among some first- generation mixed race individuals a self-identification is made as White British, a term open to such diversity before it became possible, since the integration of earlier immigration and inter-marriage, including southern European, tribes of darker-skinned Celts and Jewish diaspora over many centuries. The last two categorisations are options given in the UK census as is Mixed Race.

Indians began to arrive in New Zealand in the late eighteenth century, mostly as crews on British ships. The earliest known Indians to set foot in Aotearoa New Zealand were Muslim lascars who arrived in Dec 1769 on the ship Saint Jean Baptiste captained by Frenchman Jean François Marie de Surville sailing from Pondicherry, India. Their arrival marks the beginning of Indian presence in Aotearoa, in which hundreds of unnamed South Asian lascars visited Aotearoa on European ships in order to procure timber and seal skins. The period of Indian settlement begins with the earliest known Indian resident of New Zealand, a lascar of Bengali descent from the visiting ship City of Edinburgh who jumped ship in 1809 in the Bay of Islands to live with a Māori wife.

The term seems to have found currency following a description in a letter written by one William aboard the S.S. Nepal, a ship that sailed from England to South India and Ceylon. In the letter he describes the crew of the ship as "composed of seven English quarter masters and forty three lascar seamen, six English engineers, thirty-five men (Muslim) and fifteen Sidimen or negroes for coal shifters." Similarly, another term for Siddis, habshi (from Al-Habsh, the Arabic term for Abyssinia), is held to be derived from the common name for the captains of the Ethiopian/Abyssinian ships that also first delivered Siddi slaves to the subcontinent.Vijay Prashad, Everybody Was Kung Fu Fighting: Afro-Asian Connections and the Myth of Cultural Purity, (Beacon Press: 2002), p.

21 In the 16th and 17th centuries, Portuguese visitors and their South Asian lascar (and sometimes African) crewmembers often engaged in slavery in Japan, where they bought or captured young Japanese women and girls, who were either used as sexual slaves on their ships or taken to Macau and other Portuguese colonies in Southeast Asia, the Americas, and India. For example, in Goa, a Portuguese colony in India, there was a community of Japanese slaves and traders during the late 16th and 17th centuries. Kisaeng, Korean women from outcast or slave families who were trained to provide entertainment, conversation, and sexual services to men of the upper class. During the 1662 Siege of Fort Zeelandia in which Chinese Ming loyalist forces commanded by Koxinga besieged and defeated the Dutch East India Company and conquered Taiwan, Dutch male prisoners were executed.

The wreck occurred on 27 March 1815, when Alexander entered the Channel after a lengthy voyage, and was caught by a very strong gale from the South-Southwest that pushed the ship onto the beach in front of the village of Wyke, Dorset, during the night. None of the ship's officers survived the wreck, and the incident was not observed by any witnesses on the shoreline, so the circumstances of the disaster remain somewhat unclear. Early in the morning of the 27th, the local population discovered a large quantity of wreckage scattered along the shore for several miles in both directions. Amongst this wreckage was found the bodies of 39 lascar seamen and seven of the ship's European officers and passengers, whilst five others were found alive, all lascars, although their nationalities and genders are disputed by sources.

She has also studied the emissions from Buncefield fire at the Buncefield oil depot in 2005 and is interested in the mercury cycle, as well as other biogeochemical cycles. Mather has led or collaborated on work studying volcanoes around the world, both in situ and using remote sensing data from ground or satellite based platforms. Volcanoes Mather has studied include Bárðarbunga, Hekla, and Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland, the Santorini caldera in Greece, the Villarica, Lascar, Chaitén and Calbuco volcanoes in Chile, Masaya Volcano in Nicaragua (where she was held up at gunpoint), Mount Etna in Italy, Galeras in Colombia, the Santiaguito lava dome complex in Guatemala, and the Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Mather's research has been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the European Research Council and the Royal Society.

In 2011, India Ink was shortlisted for the Circalit First Draft Contest and reached the finals of the WriteMovies International Writing Contest. She wrote The Integration of the Hijab into Police Uniforms which was published in the Behind the Hijab anthology, in March 2009 by Monsoon Press. Other works of Rahman include: The Integration of the Hijab into Police Uniforms, The Lascar (radio play), and short stories and articles: Currying Favour, Backbone of the Fleet, The Life of Lascars Aboard Merchant Ships, Cambridge's first Gurdwara, Bangladeshis Trade Curry for College and Taxis, Baishaki Mela, Asian Women Suffragettes in the 1900s, Travel with Kids, The Middle Child Syndrome and Noor Inayat Khan. Rahman has contributed to and been published in the Best of British, The Great War and SISTERS magazines, Asian World Newspaper, Children of the New Earth, The Huffington Post and BBC Radio Cambridgeshire.

Woodman, p. 149. The convoy had departed from Cape Town on 13 June with five ships, but two had to turn back after struck a rock and began to take in water. The others continued their journey to Madras via the Mozambique Channel.Taylor, p. 281 One of the East Indiamen, Windham, her captain John Stewart and many of her crew had been engaged and captured by Hamelin on 22 November 1809 in the Bay of Bengal and recaptured a month later by HMS Magicienne off Île de France. While Duperré's three ships mounted 108 guns and carried fully trained naval crews, the HEIC ships had approximately 75 cannon between them and only a handful of their sailors were trained to military standards. Primarily crewed by lascar seamen, who had proven unreliable in the previous convoy actions, the merchant ships' advantages lay in their large size and the 250 soldiers of the 24th Regiment of Foot that were aboard the ships. These troops were on passage to India and would be able to provide musket fire and repel boarders should the French attempt to board.