Police use kettling as a way to contain crowds who are committing crimes -- or are ignoring police orders to disperse.
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Some of the protesters contend that police have used excessive force and a tactic known as "kettling" when making mass arrests.
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The Turkish invasion from the north of Afrin is creating refugees while the Syrian government is kettling them from the south.
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The lawsuit alleged that police applied excessive force against protesters, and violated their rights by "kettling and gassing" them on several occasions.
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Protesters have cited anger over a police tactic known as "kettling," in which officers form a square surrounding protesters to make arrests.
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"There are references to beauty waters, which were botanicals extracted from an alchemical still or a tea-kettling system," Ms. Tsai said.
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Now the police seem to be trying to keep protesters stationary and sap their morale by massing around them, a technique known as "kettling".
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" St. Louis Metropolitan Police spokeswoman Schron Y. Jackson, when asked whether police used kettling in the disturbances, said, "Officers responded to the location where protesters gathered.
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That was abruptly cut off when law enforcement SUVs closed in quickly from the east and west, trapping everyone in what seemed to be a "kettling" tactic.
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The lawsuit accused police of improperly using chemical weapons, interfering with video of police activity and unlawfully detaining protesters at a Sunday demonstration when officers used a tactic called "kettling" to corral protesters.
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A hundred twenty people were arrested Sunday night during a demonstration in downtown St. Louis, when police used "kettling" — a method of grouping protestors in a small area for crowd control — to box in protesters.
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Kettling is a term used to describe a crowd-control technique where police or security forces surround a group with a cordon of officers -- sometimes in riot gear -- and physically restrict it to a specific area.
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This law enforcement tactic of arresting people in large numbers at protests — known as kettling — was used in Toronto during a Group of 20 protest in 2010 and during more recent demonstrations in North Dakota and St. Louis.
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When aid workers asked authorities to allow children to wait in a specially designated area, police responded by "kettling" them -- an imposing barrier of riot police in body armor pushed children tightly together and ordered them to sit down.
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What Barr failed to note — and has failed to address as attorney general — is that tension is not born of a lack of respect, but of fear, anger, and a lack of trust that comes from concerns over police shootings (including the shootings of unarmed black people) and tactics like stop-and-frisk and kettling or cordoning of crowds at protests.
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Sagan um Tuma kettling, Sagan um Pétur kanínu, Sagan um Jemínu pollaönd (all Reykjavík: Almenna bókafélagið, 1983).
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In March 2012 kettling was ruled lawful by the European Court of Human Rights following a legal challenge.
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The kettling tactic was used in the UK against disabled people during a Disability Rights Demonstration in Parliament Square, London, in October 1995.
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The inquiry concluded in August 2009 that the Metropolitan Police should review its crowd control methods, including the tactic of kettling. Denis O'Connor, Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Constabulary, said in a report concerning the policing of the G20 protests that some police commanders did not understand the House of Lords' ruling regarding kettling. He also stated that containing protesters in a kettle was "inadequate" and belonged to a "different era" of policing. He did not suggest that kettling should be abandoned but rather that the methods must be adapted so that peaceful protesters and bystanders are able to leave the kettle.
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Kettling at the G20 Summit in Toronto (2010) On June 27, 2010, 200 persons, including protesters, bystanders and news reporters, were kettled in Toronto at the intersection of Queen St. and Spadina Ave. during the G20 summit protests. Several hundred people were also kettled outside of the Novotel Hotel on the Esplanade and arrested. The following year the Toronto Police Department swore to never use kettling again.
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Kettling was used during the 24 November 2010 student protest in London and in various other locations around the country. Guardian blogger Dave Hill thought the kettling was in retrospect "probably inevitable", after the protest two weeks before had led to damage at the Conservative party headquarters. In July 2011 three school children challenged the use of kettling of children at this protest. They sought a judicial review in the High Court, arguing it broke the laws of the European Convention on Human Rights, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Children Act 2004, mainly the right to protest and the safety of children.
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Police response to protests was criticized as unconstitutional and excessive force by the American Civil Liberties Union following a video release of law enforcement officers chanting "Whose streets? Our streets" after kettling several people downtown. In a press conference, interim police chief O'Toole described the kettling incident positively, saying that "police owned tonight." Mayor Lyda Krewson expressed gratitude to the police and cancelled town halls that were scheduled through the following week.
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Kettling was again used at the March 2011 anti-cuts protest in London. Activists were given assurances by Metropolitan police that they would be shown to safety after the protest, which was described as non-violent and sensible. Once outside, the protesters were kettled, handcuffed and taken into custody.Shiv Malik, (March 2011) Cuts protesters claim police tricked them into mass arrest The Guardian In 2012, kettling was deemed lawful, overturning a previous High Court ruling.
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The Battle of Orgreave, a violent day in the year long Miners' Strike in Great Britain, has been cited as an early example of police kettling a crowd of protesters.
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In August 2015, police superintendent David 'Mark' Fenton was convicted of two charges of unlawful arrest and one charge of discreditable conduct, disciplinary offences under the Police Act, for ordering the kettling in 2010. However, the judge convicting Fenton also made it clear that "That said, containing or kettling is not illegal". On March 15, 2011, 250–300 protesters in Montréal were kettled on St-Denis just north of Mont Royal during the Annual March Against Police Brutality. Police used stun grenades, riot gear, and horses to kettle the crowd.
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Kettling Lake is located in North Cascades National Park, in the U. S. state of Washington. The lake is not accessible via any designated trails but is only about south of the Pacific Crest Trail and the Twisp Pass Trail junction.
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An early example of kettling was by German police in 1986. During a demonstration by anti-nuclear protesters at Heiligengeistfeld, Hamburg on 8 May, Hamburg Police cordoned approximately 800 people into a "kettle" for several hours. German kettling tactics distinguish a stationary form of detention (Polizeikessel) and a mobile form, in which protesters are enclosed by a mobile police cordon while they march (Wanderkessel).See also Polizeikessel and Wanderkessel (German Wikipedia) These types of police cordon were also regularly used in the UK before the tactic got refined at the N30 protest (see below), and dubbed a kettle.
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In 2014, Toronto Police Superintendent Mark Fenton, was charged with unlawful arrest and discreditable conduct in relation to the kettling incidents and faced a disciplinary hearing. Fenton was one of two major incident commanders, in charge of the Major Incident Command Centre during the summit, and was the one on duty when he ordered the kettling of protesters both at the Novotel on the Esplanade and at Queen and Spadina. On August 25, 2015, more than five years after the Toronto G20 incidents leading to the charges, Fenton was found guilty of two counts of unlawful arrest and one count of discreditable conduct, disciplinary charges under the Police Act, in relation to the "kettling" of protesters and passers-by at the intersection of Queen Street and Spadina Avenue and at the Novotel hotel on the Esplanade. In rendering judgment, retired Ontario judge John Hamilton explained that "Legitimate protesters … had the right not to be subject to arrest for making noise, chanting and sitting in the public street.".
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Gessner, David (2007). Soaring with Fidel: An Osprey Odyssey from Cape Cod to Cuba and Beyond Beacon Press. p.101. In some species—e.g., the terns of Nantucket—kettling behavior is evidently a way of "staging" a flock in readiness for migration.
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Police officers in the District of Columbia used kettling on a large group of protesters at the intersection of 12th and L streets on January 20, 2017. Among those detained and later charged were several journalists, who were accused of felony rioting.
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During the protests over the killing of demonstrators along the fence with Gaza, the Israeli police in Jerusalem and Haifa used kettling tactics twice . Dozens were arrested after being locked in a kettle for hours. Among those kettled were also MKs from The Joint List.
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The report also commissioned a survey, conducted by MORI which found that the majority of the UK public do feel that the use of kettling is appropriate in some situations. Depending on the circumstances, between 10% and 20% of those questioned feel that it is never appropriate to contain people in this way. In April 2011, the High Court of Justice ruled that kettling on that occasion was illegal, and it set out new guidelines as to when police were permitted to kettle protesters. This means that the police "may only take such preventive action as a last resort catering for situations about to descend into violence".
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In May and June of 2020, many cities in the United States experienced nationwide protests, rioting and looting following the killing of George Floyd by a policeman in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Police responded aggressively to both the riots and peaceful protesters, the latter in violation of first amendment protections. Police in some jurisdictions used kettling to trap and attack protesters using weapons such as tear gas, pepper spray, rubber bullets and batons. Kettling was used extensively by the New York City Police Department to prevent peaceful protesters from leaving the streets before a curfew and subsequently using the curfew as a justification to attack and arrest protesters.
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Peter Waddington, a sociologist and former police officer who helped develop the theory behind kettling, wrote: "I remain firmly of the view that containment succeeds in restoring order by using boredom as its principle weapon, rather than fear as people flee from on-rushing police wielding batons." Kettling has been criticized for being an indiscriminate tactic which leads to the detention of law-abiding citizens and innocent bystanders. In some cases protesters are reported to have been denied access to food, water and toilet facilities for long periods. Further criticism has been made that in some instances the tactic has been used to foment disorder with the aim of changing the focus of public debate.
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Kettleman's Bagel Co. is a privately owned Montreal-style bagel bakery started in 1993. The company is based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The bagels are made by rolling, kettling and baking traditional Montreal style bagels in a wood- burning oven. The bagel shop operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
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The kettling tactic was used in the UK at the N30 anti-WTO protest at Euston station, London (parallel to the shut-down of the meeting in Seattle) on November 30, 1999. It was a development of previously used police cordoning tactics - the difference was the long length of time, constant impermeability and the small size of the kettle.
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Kettling, in addition to tear gas and rubber bullets, were used by police in an attempt to disperse protesters at the University of California Berkeley. The students were protesting decisions by grand juries in New York City and Ferguson, Missouri, to not indict police officers whose actions led to the deaths of Eric Garner and Michael Brown, respectively.
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Peter Anthony James "Tank" Waddington (6 March 1947 – 21 March 2018), often credited as P. A. J. Waddington was a police officer and later an academic at the University of Wolverhampton Professor Peter Waddington obituary , in the United Kingdom. He is known for his research and works on policing and social policy; in particular he is credited for inventing the controversial police tactic of kettling.
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Police announced over loudspeaker to the kettled crowd: "Marchers, you have failed to disperse after several lawful orders. You are now under arrest". There were 409 arrests at Occupy Oakland on January 28, but only 12 of those arrested were charged.Bay Citizen: Many Arrested, Few Charged Critics alleged that police engaged in kettling and failed to issue the required audible dispersal order prior to arrests.
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Kettling has been challenged in the German courts on several occasions. The 1986 Hamburger Kessel was ruled unlawful by the administrative court of Hamburg. The district court found German police guilty of wrongful deprivation of personal liberty. Following an anti-nuclear protest in 2002 in Hitzacker, Lower Saxony, a protester took a case to court because she had been denied access to toilets when she was held within a police kettle.
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The campus was then besieged by the police, who blocked all the exits of the university campuses, kettling at least 500 protesters. While some surrendered, many, including the wounded, stayed inside the campus without medical care for several days. The siege was the longest confrontation ever to occur since the demonstrations began in June, and was viewed as a setback for protesters as the police arrested more than 1,000 people during the siege.
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The New York Times criticized the NYPD's use of kettling as a policing tactic against peaceful protesters after curfew, as in Cadman Plaza on June 3 and in the South Bronx on June 4. The Times' Ali Watkins called it "among the most unsettling symbols of its use of force against peaceful protests". De Blasio defended the approach as necessary to address the persistent looting problem. The curfew ended on Sunday, June 7, a day earlier than expected.
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Following the use of "kettling" during the May Day protest in 2001, two people who had been corralled by the police at Oxford Circus sued the Metropolitan Police for wrongful detention, alleging that it was in breach of the European Convention of Human Rights, and that they had been held without access to food, water or toilets. The pair lost their court action in 2005, and their appeal failed in 2007 when the Court of Appeal backed the High Court ruling. In 2009, Austin v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis,[2009] UKHL 5 a ruling by the House of Lords, decided that the High Court was entitled to take into consideration the "purpose" of the deprivation of liberty before deciding if human rights laws applied at all. Summing up, Lord Hope said: A plaintiff from the 2001 protest, along with three non- protesting members of the public who had been kettled by police, took an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights, claiming that kettling violated Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights, the right to liberty and security.
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Protesters outside the Bank of England on 1 April 2009 The summit became the focus of protests from a number of disparate groups over various long standing and topical issues. These ranged from disquiet over economic policy, anger at the banking system and bankers remuneration and bonuses, the continued war on terror and concerns over climate change. Although the majority of the protests and protestors were peaceful, instances of violence and criminal damage led to the use of kettling to contain protestors.
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Protesters successfully stopped the LegCo from resuming second reading of the bill by surrounding the LegCo Complex. Riot police dispersed protesters using controversial methods such as kettling, firing tear gas, bean bag rounds and rubber bullets, and allegedly assaulted journalists in the process. Police Commissioner Stephen Lo declared the clashes a "riot". Police were subsequently criticised for using excessive force, such as firing tear gas at protesters at an approved rally, and for the lack of identification numbers on police officers' uniforms.
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In May 2012, Bloc Party announced Four, which was released on 20 August 2012, after being made available to stream in its entirety for over a week preceding release. The album was recorded with Alex Newport, who had previously worked with At The Drive In and The Mars Volta, in New York City. Bloc Party released "Octopus" that July and later released another single entitled "Day Four". The band released "Kettling" on 12 November 2012, followed by "Truth" on 25 February 2013.
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Kettling was used once again during the 2009 G-20 London summit protests outside the Bank of England, as part of the police Territorial Support Group's "Operation Glencoe". When police started to allow protesters to leave the kettle, they were photographed by Forward Intelligence Teams and told to give their names and addresses. Some refused to do so and were forced back into the kettle by police. A number of complaints over the tactic were subsequently made to the Independent Police Complaints Commission.
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During the Whitehall incident, the Metropolitan Police publicly defended their use of kettling, with Chief Inspector Jane Connors claiming that they had only used it as "a last resort". She stated: "it's a valid tactic. Police officers came under attack and we needed to make sure the violence didn't spread out across the London streets." The police came under increasing criticism however, particularly as there were large numbers of children and young teenagers in the crowd, who were held for nearly ten hours in near-zero temperatures.
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Most of the 80 arrests were for blocking traffic, though some were also charged with disorderly conduct and resisting arrest. Police officers also used a technique called kettling which involves using orange nets to isolate protesters into smaller groups. Videos which showed several penned-in female demonstrators being hit with pepper spray by a police official were widely disseminated, sparking controversy. That police official, later identified as Deputy Inspector Anthony Bologna, was shown in other videos hitting a photographer with a burst of spray.
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The kettling of protesters, the operations inside private areas, the firing of pepper ball rounds at protesters at a near point- blank range, the dyeing of Kowloon Mosque and the use of the water cannon trucks against pedestrians, insufficient protection for police dogs, accessing patients' medical records without consent, and how police displayed their warning signs were also sources of controversy. Police were also accused of driving dangerously. A police officer was suspended after he hit one protester and dragged him in the process on 11 November 2019 with his motorcycle. He was later reinstated.
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After the curfew was implemented, conflicts between protesters and police largely took place after 8:00 pm. According to Chief Monahan, police showed a little bit of leniency at first, but said publicly there would be "no more tolerance" for people protesting after curfew. On the evening of June 3, marchers in Brooklyn ran into a line of police in Cadman Plaza in Downtown Brooklyn. While the crowd chanted and demonstrated, other police filled in behind them, hemming the group in using a method known as kettling, before aggressively moving in and arresting people.
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Camp for Climate action, part of the 2009 G-20 London summit protests Kettling (also known as containment or corralling) is a police tactic for controlling large crowds during demonstrations or protests. It involves the formation of large cordons of police officers who then move to contain a crowd within a limited area. Protesters either leave through an exit controlled by the police or are contained, prevented from leaving, and arrested. The tactic has proved controversial, in part because it has resulted in the detention of ordinary bystanders as well as protesters.
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The police were widely criticised for its excessive use of force and arrests of protesters inside hospitals. In particular, the kettling of protesters inside CITIC Tower, was widely condemned. The conflict was the most serious and intense conflict between the police and the protesters during the early stage of the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. Protesters began to lay down their five core demands, including the establishment of an independent commission of inquiry into police conduct and use of force and the release and exoneration of arrested protesters.
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For cost, "Police warn of G20 protest scale", BBC News, 20 March 2009. The Bank of England protesters were held in place from 12.30 pm until 7.00 pm using a process police called "containment" and the media called "kettling"—corralling protesters into small spaces until the police dispersed them.Paul Lewis, Sandra Laville, "G20 police authorised to use reasonable force minutes before Tomlinson died", The Guardian, 7 July 2009; O'Connor 2009, p. 23. At 7 pm senior officers decided that "reasonable force" could be used to disperse the protesters around the bank.
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Blair Peach was killed at an Anti-Nazi League demonstration which turned violent in Southall in April 1979. Syd Bidwell said in Parliament that Peach, together with Gately, would be "regarded by history as a martyr and a young courageous campaigner against Fascism and racism".Southall (Demonstrations), Hansard, HC Deb 25 May 1979 vol 967 cc1390-405 Lord Walker of Gestingthorpe referred to Gately's death, and the aim of preventing similar deaths, in the House of Lords consideration in 2009 of the justification for the Metropolitan Police's policy of "kettling" protesters at Oxford Circus on 1 May 2001.
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The police may also detain a person under principles of prompt investigation, for such purposes as gaining evidence or taking statements. However, the taking of fingerprints is not deemed necessary for prompt investigation except when taking fingerprints from persons present at a crime scene. In the United Kingdom, a case was brought to the High Court concerning the alleged unlawful detention of hundreds of members of the public during the May Day riots of 2001 in London, England. The police, using the tactic of "kettling", held a large crowd in Oxford Circus for several hours without allowing anyone to leave.
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On the evening of June 3, there were more protesters remaining after curfew than the night before, and police were quicker to take action. One group peacefully marching in Brooklyn was met by a line of police in riot gear in Cadman Plaza at about 8:45 pm. The demonstrators chanted and raised their arms for about 10 minutes while other police in riot gear surrounded them, using a technique called kettling, before moving in, striking protesters with batons, and making arrests. Another group marched from Gracie Mansion towards Central Park after curfew, leading to about 60 arrests there.
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Kettling was used to contain student protesters in Parliament Square on 9 December 2010 and thereafter on Westminster Bridge.Julian Joyce, (December 9, 2010) Police 'kettle' tactic feels the heat BBC Protesters were trapped in Trafalgar Square and other landmarks for up to nine hours. An anaesthetist from Aberdeen Royal Infirmary working as part of a field hospital said that there was a serious health and safety risk to people trapped in the kettle and some suffered crush injuries whilst others were nearly pushed off Westminster Bridge into the freezing Thames, likening it to the Hillsborough disaster.
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On 15 April 2009, Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Paul Stephenson asked the Chief Inspector of Constabulary to review policing tactics in the policing of public events. Denis O'Connor will review the policing of public events following allegations of two assaults by police during the G20 protests in London on 1 April. He will also assess whether the tactic of containment or kettling is appropriate and proportionate to ensuring people have the right to protest. He said the event was a "complex policing operation", and that footage of clashes with police will be reviewed to check if other incidents need to be examined.
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Hawk Mountain Sanctuary is a wild bird sanctuary in Albany Township and East Brunswick Township, located along the Appalachian flyway in eastern Pennsylvania. The sanctuary is a prime location for the viewing of kettling and migrating raptors with an average of 20,000 hawks, eagles and falcons passing the lookouts during the late summer and fall every year. The birds are identified and counted by staff and volunteers to produce annual counts of migrating raptors that represent the world's longest record of raptor populations. These counts have provided conservationists with valuable information on changes in raptor numbers in North America.
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Lam said priority for implementation were a code of practice for journalists covering protests; more powers to monitor social media and tackle misinformation; reviewing internal police command structures; and identification of police officers with clear numbers. Clifford Stott, who quit the IPCC foreign experts panel, said: "It would seem the release of the IPCC report is part of a wider set of coordinated announcements designed to deliver the new ‘truth’". FactWire performed fact-checking on the report. It reviewed the videos during the police's kettling of protesters into the CITIC Tower on 12 June 2019, and rebutted the report's claim that Tim Mei Avenue was unobstructed for the crowd to leave.
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Upon coming to power, Napoleon III built great avenues, referred to as anti-riot streets, into the troublesome quarters of Paris. The wide straight roads also allowed for cavalry charges to subdue rioters. In the United Kingdom, usually when large demonstrations take place that are deemed unstable, the territorial police force responsible for the demonstration in that area will usually deploy Police Support Unit personnel who are trained in riot tactics, along with normal divisional officers. If the demonstration turns violent, police will seal roads and other exits to contain protesters in a single area (known as kettling) to prevent widespread damage and wait until the protesters tire.
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The term "kettle" is a metaphor, likening the containment of protesters to the containment of heat and steam within a domestic kettle. Its modern English usage may come from "kessel"literally a cauldron, or kettle in Germanthat describes an encircled army about to be annihilated by a superior force. A cauldron is expected to be "boiling" with combat activity, the large enemy forces still quite able to offer "hot" resistance in the initial stages of encirclement, and so are to be contained, but not engaged directly. To avoid allusions to military confrontation, kettling is sometimes described as "corralling," likening the tactic to the enclosure of livestock.
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On the night of 5 August 2019, there were reports of clashes between protesters and Police. Protesters accused the police of using kettling tactics and unreasonable force while Police claimed that protesters had attempted to breach the cordon around the disputed land. The next day, SOUL protesters and supporters staged a protest outside the Fletcher Building headquarters in Penrose in Auckland, as part of a national day of action that had been planned before the clashes of the previous night took place. Similar protests were held in Whangarei, Hamilton, Hastings, Palmerston North, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. In early August 2019, Opposition Leader Simon Bridges called on the protesters to "return home" and criticised Prime Minister Ardern for halting construction.
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On May 23, 2012, police in Montréal moved in on student protesters, kettling them and making 518 arrests—the largest number in one night since the student protests began weeks earlier. On March 15, 2013, at the annual police brutality march, the police kettled a group of protesters on Ste-Catherine street in Montréal after the march was declared illegal for not presenting an itinerary before the protest. After almost two hours of attempting to break up the groups protesting, the police closed in and arrested anyone caught in the kettle. At the end of the evening, police stated that there were around 250 arrests, 2 injured police officers and one protester who was unwell.
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On 16 May 2012, Acampada Sol called for a cacerolazo because the Spanish risk premium exceeded 500 points that day. The demonstrators were marching through Calle Alcalá, in Madrid, when police forces surrounded them for more than 30 minutes; after the kettled protesters asked for solidarity through the Internet, several additional hundred people gathered outside of the kettle. Around 500 demonstrators waited seated on the pavement until the police forces finally removed the blockade, allowing them to leave the area and return to Puerta del Sol. During the peaceful demonstrations in Catalonia, following the arrest of exiled president Carles Puigdemont by German authorities in 2018, police used kettling as a way of breaking up the protests.
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After findings that the security forces of Bahrain used excessive force, torture and summary justice to crush a popular protest movement, Yates was appointed to oversee reform of the police force. Subsequent to his appointment, Human Rights Watch criticised Bahrain's authorities for failing to adopt "critical recommendations" made by an independent commission that looked into extensive human rights violations during the crackdown on pro-democracy protesters in 2011. Joe Stork, deputy Middle East director at Human Rights Watch, said Bahrain's authorities had failed to investigate the involvement of high-ranking officials in "rampant torture or unlawful killings". In an interview with the Daily Telegraph Yates said kettling "would work really well around here" in the face of "wanton damage" and "vandalism".
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When Stone was suspended, morale in uniform dropped dramatically as they believed Sergeant Stone was "shafted". Kennedy provided support when Nate Roberts and Ben Gayle were shot at on patrol, but came down hard on Meadows for not sending the pair home in the aftermath, as Roberts lashed out at Inspector Dale Smith for his handling of a suspect's arrest. Kennedy was also on hand to assist Meadows in dealing with the press after the shooting murder of a teenager, before dealing with procedures to end Stone's suspension. Kennedy's final act at Sun Hill saw her spearhead crowd control with Meadows for a football derby, however accusations of kettling were publicly made by media, and things were only made worse by the death of a fan.
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Marshman also stated PPB would purge the photos if the individual wasn't part of an investigation, but still had all of the images a year later. The Independent Police Review noted the chilling effects to free speech and the lack of reasonable suspicion of criminal acts by the group; deleted portions of the IPR report described the alt-right as being considered "much more mainstream" by one police lieutenant. ACLU of Oregon described the kettling as a "counterproductive and constitutionally dubious response to protesters", and opened a class action lawsuit against the police in November 2017; the case was still ongoing as of August 2020. After 2017-2018 confrontations between the alt-right and anti-fascists, Lieutenant Jeff Niiya's close conversations via text with Joey Gibson, head of Patriot Prayer, was published.
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According to Deputy Commissioner John Miller, in the early days of the protests, unidentified bad actors had planned to take advantage of the protests to commit violence, with an organized systems of communication, funding for bail, medical provisions, bicycle scouts, and a supply of destructive materials like rocks and gasoline. As of May 31, one of every seven arrested was from outside of New York. After the South Bronx kettling incident on June 4, Commissioner Dermot Shea said the demonstration was led by "outside agitators" who coordinated bringing guns and gasoline to use in the demonstration, "advertising that they were going to burn things down, that they were going to injure cops, that they were going to cause mayhem". Gothamist reported on the lack of evidence for claims of outside agitators.
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Speaking at the British Criminology Conference in 1989, Professor Waddington said that he was in favour of the use of CS spray and water cannon as a less violent alternative to the traditional police baton charge, which he saw as of doubtful legality and possibly dangerous. In a comment piece in The Independent in 1993 after the murder of Patrick Dunn, a police constable in London, Waddington spoke out against calls to arm the police, saying that "Genuine protection is not offered by weaponry, but by the conditions in which the police carry out their task." In 2009, Waddington wrote about his view of the difference between the 1990 poll tax riots and the 1999 May Day protests. He noted that the use of kettling in 1999 resulted in an orderly dispersal with very few arrests and no injuries: compared to the poll tax riots, this was a good conclusion.
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On 30 November, following the third main day of protesting, the Welsh Assembly announced that it would not permit an increase in fees for Welsh students. A reporter from the BBC noted that this meant that if the plans went through in England, "it would mean that an English student at a university in England could pay more than £17,000 more for a three-year degree than a Welsh student on the same course." . A writer in British newspaper The Guardian, writing several hours before the government vote on the topic, noted that "It seems likely the tuition fees bill will pass but I'd still argue that – whatever your view on the merits of the new fees system – the protests have been a success at least in calling politicians to account for broken pledges, something you see rarely theses [sic] days." In July 2011, three school children will challenge the kettling of children at the 24 November 2010 protest.
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Public order policing presents challenges to the approach of policing by consent. In April 2009, a total of 145 complaints were made following clashes between police and protesters at the G20 summit.G20 police receive 145 complaints BBC News, 16 April 2009 Incidents including the death of 47-year-old Ian Tomlinson,G20 officer quizzed after death BBC News, 17 April 2009 minutes after an alleged assault by a police officer,G20 police officer is suspended BBC NEWS, 9 April 2009 and a separate alleged assault on a woman by a police officer,Police to probe 'woman assault' BBC NEWS, 14 April 2009 has led to criticism of police tactics during protests.G20 activists want public inquiry BBC News 5 April 2009 In response, Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Paul Stephenson asked Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Constabulary (HMIC) to review policing tactics,Police begin G20 tactics review BBC News, 15 April 2009 including the practice of kettling.
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