It's an impost, and imposts are not — nor have they ever been — direct taxes.
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It helps low-wage workers, and it does not impost new costs on employers.
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This is because prohibition raises the price by far more than any conceivable government impost might do.
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According to the office, small business owners said rules the IRS issued in August could impost higher costs than tax officials estimated.
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The impost was indirect because nobody knew in which state the imported goods would settle nor which state should get credit for paying the tax.
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The border-adjusted cash flow tax is a combination of an impost and an excise, so whether it also qualifies as an income tax is constitutionally irrelevant.
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To prevent another Cambridge Analytica situation, Facebook tells TechCrunch it will impost rate limits on the API, but won't disclose them to ensure bad actors can't toe the line.
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Technology stocks were the biggest drags on the index after U.S. President Trump threatened to impost tariffs on up to $60 billion of Chinese imports, targeting tech and telecommunications in particular.
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His record includes a 20-week ban in 2017 and the six-week ban this spring — both of which impost time limits earlier than those allowed under Supreme Court precedent in Roe v. Wade.
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For example, medium-sized internet platforms pay between $10,000 and $25,000 a month in licensing fees for a common tool that conducts a copyright scan of uploaded audio files, an impost that could wipe out a new startup.
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1\. Arch 2. Impost 3. Column In architecture, an impost or impost block is a projecting block resting on top of a column or embedded in a wall, serving as the base for the springer or lowest voussoir of an arch.
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Used to support an arch, an impost, or pier, is the topmost member of a column. The bottom-most part of the arch, called the springing, rests on the impost.
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Colonial Colony (2004) carried the lightest winning Foster impost at 111 pounds.
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The building's round-arched fenestration is visually tied together by belt course slightly below impost level.
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Acanthus buds appear on the volutes at each corner. The preserved column drums show that the 34 cm broad wreaths concealed joins fixed by three or more metal dowels, whose holes survive. The capital too was attached by dowels: four connected it with the impost block above. The impost block, over a metre high and nearly 3 m wide at the top, has a frieze of vegetal decoration of acanthus leaves.
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The end bays of the west (main) facade are framed in pedimented pavilions, which have recessed brick panels above the impost line, and below it are bricks coursed to resemble rustication. One glazed roundel is at the middle of each tympanum. The pedimented central bay has an arched recessed entrance with a pair of oversized double wood doors beneath a fanlight. The arch is flanked with blind roundels above the impost line, with rustication below.
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The central entrance breaks forward slightly and has a wide moulded round-arched doorway with voussoirs above and impost band; recessed boarded double doors. Set back to each side are small round-headed windows linking with the continuous impost band. To each side are bays with similar though smaller entrance doorways with similar round-headed windows above and end pilasters completing the vertical composition. The windows have some decorative glazing incorporating glass in cool colours—predominantly blue, green, mauve.
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The space was certainly vaulted because traces of two piers and a Late Gothic impost survived on the western side while another impost and pieces of ribs, jambs, tracery, fragments of two stone basins, two green stove tiles (depicting Saint George) and a maiolica floor tile (depicting a draw well) were also discovered in the rubble. The stone architectural fragments were painted red, white, green and black. Supposedly the building was one- or two-storey high and built in the 15th century.
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In 1818, Dickson married Sarah Ann Patterson. He was named registrar of probate in 1842. He also served as collector of impost and excise for Pictou district. He died in Pictou at the age of 63.
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Pulvino in the Basilica of San Vitale A pulvino (or impost block) is an architectural structural element (dosseret) having the shape of an inverted pyramid cushion, which is placed between the column capital and the arch base.
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In a horse handicap race (sometimes called just "handicap"), each horse must carry a specified weight called the impost, assigned by the racing secretary or steward based on factors such as past performances, so as to equalize the chances of the competitors. To supplement the combined weight of jockey and saddle, up to the assigned impost, lead weights are carried in saddle pads with pockets, called lead pads. The weight-for-age scale was introduced by Admiral Rous, a steward of the Jockey Club. In 1855 he was appointed public handicapper.
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The second stage also consists of a 12 arch arcade with each arch having an impost band and keystone and a top bracketed cornice. The final stage is recessed and contains the water tank with iron supporting brackets.
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He died in office in Lunenburg. John Newton, collector of impost and excise at Halifax, who had married Knaut's daughter Catherine, inherited control of Knaut's estate. His widow married John Bolman, who also served in the provincial assembly.
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Harmondsworth: Penguin; p. 245 The impost or abacus of a column in classical architecture may also serve as an abutment to an arch. The word derives from the verb "abut", meaning to "touch by means of a mutual border".
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Windows are mainly double hung sashes with highlights above. A major feature is the stone, arched entry porch on the corner. It is double faceted and has ornate impost mouldings and archivolts. Above the corner is an embellished cartouche.
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As was so throughout Germany, make-work measures were undertaken. Several roads were built on the Strimmiger Berg by means of the Ruhr impost. Owing to inflation, a 21-year-old worker earned up to 35,000 Marks each day.
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Peachey died in 1850, but work on the mine continued. The mine was abandoned due to a combination of "extravagant" management, the "ridiculously high" impost of royalties and miners seeking more lucrative prospects during the Victorian gold rush of 1851.
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Types of Alfiz. It is frequent in the Islamic Hispanic art and Mozarabic art (usually in connection with the horseshoe arch). As the image illustrates, there are two alfiz variants: # Alfiz starting from the impost. # Alfiz starting from the floor.
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He was named captain in the local militia in the same year. In 1762, he was named collector of impost and excise at Cobequid.Cobequid in this context refers to the townships of Truro and Onslow. Upham also served as coroner for Onslow township.
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On March 15, Washington defused the Newburgh situation by addressing the officers personally. Congress ordered the Army officially disbanded in April 1783. In the same month, Congress passed a new measure for a 25-year impost—which Hamilton voted againstRakove, pp. 322, 325.
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Except to petition the Council of State against an illegal impost on lead in 1653, and to defend the autonomy of the French church, of which he was a deacon, against the Privy Council in 1657, he avoided public affairs until the Restoration of 1660.
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The jambs are square-cut, each having five upright and flat slabs of similar heights, two per course. At the top of each upright, there is a plain chamfered impost. The arch is to the imposts; it is wide and to the crown. The jambs are thick.
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The niche of the mihrab is wide and deep. On each side of the niche stands a high porphyry column. Above the columns are impost blocks decorated with colored geometrical designs. The semi-dome at the top of the mihrab is set within an outer arch.
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Inside the church the arcades are carried on octagonal piers. Below the clerestory windows is a continuous impost with a raised carved inscription in Latin. The east window contains stained glass by Shrigley and Hunt. The two-manual pipe organ was built by Rushworth and Dreaper.
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Black Tie Affair (1991), Awesome Again (1998) and Blame (2010) won both races at Churchill Downs. Saint Liam (2005) won his running of the Classic at Belmont Park. Gun Runner (2017) won the Classic at Del Mar. Curlin (2008) carried the highest impost of any Stephen Foster winner: 128 pounds.
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The main portal, carved in white stone, with the impost and architrave with moldings, is surmounted by a lunette assigned to Berrettaro; it represents the image of Our Lady of the Rescue among Angels.Guadalupi, Gianni; Coppola, Mariano (1995). Alcamo, introduzione di Vincenzo Regina(collana Grand Tour) (in Italian). Milan: Grafiche Mazzucchelli. .
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Buttress piers at the corners curve upward from the limestone water table and fade into the wall surface at the second floor. The arched windows on the first floor are surrounded by brick arches that rise from limestone impost blocks at the water table. The building is capped with a tile hipped roof.
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A much shorter stairway leads into the auditorium through an entrance with an elliptical arch, molded keystone and molded impost blocks. Pilasters also frame the windows within the auditorium, with picture panels between them. A molded cornice is at the ceiling line. The stage also has wainscoting and a molded chair rail.
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It was altered in 1934 and it now has an Art Deco effect, which gives the building a rather odd appearance. with It was originally taller with a pyramid-shaped roof. Stone beltcourses run along the building at the lintel and impost level. The roofline has gabled wall dormers with arched windows.
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The Column of Leo was a 5th-century AD Roman honorific column in Constantinople. Built for Leo I, augustus of the East from 7 February 457 to 18 January 474, the column stood in the Forum of Leo, known also as the Pittakia. It was a marble column, without flutes, composed of drums with a Corinthian capital, surmounted by a statue of the emperor. The column no longer exists, but fragments belonging to it were discovered in the mid-20th century in the grounds of the Topkapı Palace, including the capital and the impost block atop it, a complete column drum and some parts of a second, and the statue's pedestal, which was originally separated from the impost by a missing plinth.
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The roof is of slate. The front range is of two storeys and an attic. It has five bays with a slightly lower rear range to the right, forming an L-plan. The entrance and window bays are set in a two-storey arcade with impost bands leading to segment arches of gauged brick.
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The imposition lines are also highlighted with brick. The side façade, which faces calle Miradero del Barrionuevo, has two heights, with eight half-point windows per floor. The voussoir of these arches are highlighted with bricks of different coloration. Both the impost line and the cornice have the same characteristics of the main façade.
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The floor levels are marked by string courses embellished with paterae. Windows are double hung sashes with bracketed stone sills. The wide doorway (original loading doorway) has a segmented arch head with stone impost blocks. The roughly finished north-west end wall indicates where this building continued as part of 2 Bulletin Place, now demolished.
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The interior has a plastered four-bay nave with a 12th-century transitional chancel arch. The north transept arch is slightly later with a hooded mould and two chamfered orders. A fine carving of a woman's face can be seen below the right hand impost. A tall narrow chamfered arch has been formed between the nave and the tower.
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A Board of Excise was likewise established by the Long Parliament under the "Excise Ordinance" of 1643 (Ordinance for the speedy raising and levying of moneys by way of charge or impost upon several commodities). After 1662 Excise revenue was farmed for the most part, until the Board was established on a permanent footing in 1683.
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In Gothic architecture, the moulded forms of the abacus vary in shape, such as square, circular, or even octagonal, it may even be a flat disk or drum. The form of the Gothic abacus is often affected by the shape of a vault that springs from the column, in which case it is called an impost block.
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The chancel is square. The chancel arch is wide and its apex is above the floor of the nave. The chancel arch, with traces of what may be Mediæval paint Internally the most notable feature is the tall, narrow chancel arch. The southern impost of the arch is reminiscent of those in a gateway of the Roman fort at Chesters on Hadrian's Wall.
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The bay's tympanum is undecorated. The arch impost line continues as a belt course between the pavilions and forms the sills for recessed wood-framed, fixed-sashed, nine-light windows on the building's second level. The windows are divided by Doric pilasters. Fenestration at the main facade's lower level is only narrow wood-framed double-hung glazed embrasures with two-over-two sash.
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The citizens hall's look is shaped by two-coloured herringbone patterned octahedral pillars, on which impost is architectural motive of consoles, that originates from the Cistercians architecture and often appears later in Tallinn's architecture. The arched ceiling supports on them. Arched ceilings were rarely seen elsewhere than in churches, monasteries and fortresses. In dwelling houses were usually built wooden ceilings.
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Jews passing Arles during the 17th century were forced to pay a crown impost. After several tryouts of Jews to return to the city, a Provence parliament decree 1775 ordered them to utterly leave. Similar decrees forbidding Jews to trade in Arles were issued in 1773 and 1775. After the French revolution, some Jews from the Avignon area tried to resettle in Arles.
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Consequently, reasons behind the establishment of the boiling down works at St Lawrence may also have been due to the effects of the depression. By 1865 the Queensland Government was in the process of extending the telegraph line between St Lawrence and Bowen, and to the Gulf of Carpentaria. In 1866, the Government proposed an impost on wool, tallow and hides.
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An older building is joined to the bank building's southern elevation, between it and the Lincoln House. It is a two-story structure of brick, painted to match the limestone bank, in Flemish bond. Arched windows with stone keystones and impost blocks relate it to the other buildings in the area. It also has brick quoins and a flat roof.
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He originally planned on farming but some time later established himself as a merchant at Shelburne. Van Buskirk was named a justice of the peace in 1802 and a judge in the Inferior Court of Common Pleas in 1810. He also later served as provincial collector for impost and excise duties. Van Buskirk joined the local militia as major, later becoming lieutenant-colonel.
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For the third time, Seabiscuit faced off against Rosemont again, this time beating him at seven lengths. On September 11, Smith accepted an impost of for the Narragansett Special at Narragansett Park. On race day, the ground was slow and heavy, and unsuited to "the Biscuit", carrying the heaviest burden of his career. Smith wanted to scratch, but Howard overruled him.
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In July 1821 she was wrecked in the bay of Chorrilos, Peru. A report from Santiago, Chile, dated 13 August, reported that San Martín, Lord Cochrane's flagship, had been wrecked. The crew was saved, but she had been carrying the "Impost levied on the Extremedeos" and only a little of the silver had been saved. Cochrane shifted his flag to O'Higgins.
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In April 1640, St John was elected Member of Parliament for Totnes in the Short Parliament. He was re- elected MP for Totnes for the Long Parliament in November 1640. He acted in close alliance with Hampden and Pym, especially in opposition to the impost of Ship Money. In 1641, with a view of securing his support, the king appointed St John solicitor-general.
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It alsoemployed ornate elements like impost mouldings and pilastered capitals. Nearly four decades later, the building of Yuvaraja's College, constructed near by in 1927 was modelled on the Maharaja's college building. The college took its present shape when the University of Mysore was established in 1916. The university started functioning from college campus itself and VC's office remained here till 1947 when Crawford Hall was built.
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It features a crude granite slab high, mounted on square granite pedestal (), based on concrete impost with granite foot around high. The edges are oriented on cardinal points. From a certain angle, the stone resembles an elephant, which in Russian ('слон', 'slon') sounds like an abbreviation of Соловецкий лагерь особого назначения, the Solovetsky camp's name. The monument conveys its meaning also via the text on the pedestal.
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Here Jürgen Christian Findorff had built a new church for the marsh colonists in 1781–1785. Wilhelmy built new casework below the original Hauptwerk impost and rearranged the structural housing of the two manuals. The Mittelwerk, originally sited behind the Hauptwerk, was re-installed in the new lower case as a Brustwerk. In the doors in front of the Brustwerk are foliated wooden pipe dummies.
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Brunelleschi's design was based on Classical Roman, Italian Romanesque and late Gothic architecture. The loggia was a well known building type, such as the Loggia dei Lanzi. But the use of round columns with classically correct capitals, in this case of the Composite Order, in conjunction with a dosserets (or impost blocks) was novel. So too, the circular arches and the segmented spherical domes behind them.
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The eight-arch railway viaduct features rock-faced ashlar limestone piers with a cut stone impost supporting squared coursed limestone spandrels with dressed limestone string course. It has rock- faced limestone voussoirs leading to round-headed arches, ashlar limestone vaults to barrels and a squared coursed limestone parapet with cut stone coping. The viaduct was built by William Dargan. As built, it was 420 ft long and 90 ft high.
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At the base of the tower is the main entrance into the church. The tower is flanked by narrower side entrances. The three entrance portals are framed by compound round arches that feature limestone keystones and impost blocks. Above the main entrance is two pairs of round arch windows, and above them is the bell chamber whose cornices are arched to accommodate a clock on each face of the tower.
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Theories regarding the practice include recompense for the loss of a worker. The etymology of the term may be sought not in the root of any word having reference to maids or daughters in particular, but in the root of an unknown word having reference to blood, to purchase, to redemption or enfranchisement, or the price paid for it, or to a particular kind of tax, fine, impost, or exaction.
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The church is a domed single-nave basilica type completed in the 6th or 7th century. Presently, the only surviving parts of the church are most of the north wall, part of the south wall with one of the four impost arches of the dome, and some traces of the vaulting. The cupola and ceiling vaults, drum, and dome have since collapsed. The church is noteworthy for its relief sculpture.
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The blocked doorway in the modern north aisle is the oldest surviving part of the church. Its lintel is thick and sits below 11 voussoirs, each about across. Below the lintel, the former opening is high and wide; gradual settling into the ground has masked its original height. The jambs are made up of five stones of equal height, but the uppermost is wider because it served as an impost.
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Mid–19th-century view of Robinson's Arch Four stone courses of the eastern spring of the arch, consisting of a row of impost blocks and three layers of voussoirs, have survived to modern times.Mazar 1975, p. 132. This remnant was first identified in 1838 by Biblical scholar Edward Robinson and now bears his name. At that time, prior to any excavations, remains of the arch were at ground level.
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A 16th-century French walnut sgabello (Walters Art Museum) A sgabello is a type of stool typical of the Italian Renaissance. An armchair with armrests usually was a chair (sedia) of hieratic significance. Sgabelli were typically made of walnut and included a variety of carvings and turned elements. The legs could be either two decorated boards with a stretcher for support, or three separate ornamented and carved impost legs.
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An import or export tariff (also called customs duty or impost) is a charge for the movement of goods through a political border. Tariffs discourage trade, and they may be used by governments to protect domestic industries. A proportion of tariff revenues is often hypothecated to pay government to maintain a navy or border police. The classic ways of cheating a tariff are smuggling or declaring a false value of goods.
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The building is cruciform and has a crossing tower.St Chad, Stafford The Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain and Ireland, accessed 12 August 2014. There is an inscription in Latin on the impost at the north-east corner of the crossing: ORM VOCATUR QUI ME CONDIDIT ("He who built me is called Orm"). It is thought that "Orm" is Orm le Guidon, an important landowner in the 11th to 12th century.
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Column capital from the Butrint BaptistryTwo concentric colonnades (each with eight columns, for a total of 16) once supported a wooden roof. Made from Egyptian granite, the columns stood on a variety of repurposed bases. However, the Ionic impost capitals, which feature acanthus leaves and crosses, were likely made specifically for the building. The wall’s interior also featured 24 half-columns and was covered with plaster and painted.
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The hoodmolds are stone round arches with decorative keystone and impost blocks, with those on the central window being the more ornate of the three. The base of the building's parapet is corbelled in the same red brick that makes up the rest of the exterior. At the building's frieze are seven recessed panels with small corbelled areas of brick between. Particularly notable is the building's rear facade.
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The front facade is five bays wide, with the three central bays fronted by a tetrastyle portico featuring four monumental Doric columns. The front doorways on both levels are trimmed with radiating brick voussoirs, with carved marble impost blocks and keystones. The openings are each filled by two sidelights with decorative muntins, and a fanlight around a central door. All of the window openings are enhanced with carved marble sills and lintels.
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The building is capped by a gable roof with no exterior apse on the rear of the building. The rectangular structure features a large open interior without columns. The arches of the vaulted ceiling rise from impost blocks that are set high on the walls. The tall wooden high altar created by Alert and Kloustie of Cincinnati features a painting of the Visitation, which is flanked by statues of Saint Patrick and Saint Boniface.
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The large round-headed windows elsewhere in the church are from the 18th century, as is the chequered brick porch. The west bellcote and tired spirelet were remade after 1922. The west buttresses are full-height, and date back to the 19th century. The chancel arch contains impost shafts which die in halfway down, as well as a sharply pointed arch which is made out reused stones carved with 12th-century embattling.
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Wakeful did not commence racing until she was four because of shin soreness. At her third start she won the VATC Oakleigh Plate, followed that by winning the VRC Newmarket Handicap and then the AJC Doncaster Handicap in a race record time of 1:39.75. Taken to Sydney in 1902, she won all her four starts including the Sydney Cup carrying the impost of , and ran a race record.John Hogan, Wakeful – a grand mare, p.
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Quadknap is an exact branch-and-bound algorithm raised by Caprara et al., where upper bounds are computed by considering a Lagrangian relaxation which approximate a difficult problem by a simpler problem and penalizes violations of constraints using Lagrange multiplier to impost a cost on violations. Quadknap releases the integer requirement when computing the upper bounds. Suboptimal Lagrangian multipliers are derived from sub-gradient optimization and provide a convenient reformulation of the problem.
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John Newton (1727 - August 22, 1811) was a surveyor, official and political figure in Nova Scotia. He served as a member of the 2nd General Assembly of Nova Scotia and then represented Halifax County in the Nova Scotia Council from 1770 to 1772. He was the son of Hibbert Newton and Hannah Adams, the daughter of John Adams. Newton served as collector of impost and excise at Halifax and as a justice of the peace.
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The organ in Noordbroek was Schnitger's first major commission in the Netherlands after the rebuilding the organ the Martinikerk in Groningen in 1691–1692. The Rugpositief case on the gallery parapet is a scaled-down form of Hoofdwerk case and still has its original three-towered shape, characteristic of Schnitger. The elevated polygonal central tower is flanked by two pointed towers. In between the towers are two-storey pipe- flats, which are vertically divided by impost cornices.
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Athenry was represented as early as 1378.; In the first Parliament of Elizabeth, Athenry was represented by Thomas Cusack, former Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and John Hooker, an Englishman. Hooker wrote the Irish additions to the 1587 update of Holinshed's Chronicles, in which he describes his own participation in a debate on a bill for the impost of wines.; In the Patriot Parliament of 1689 summoned by King James II, Athenry was represented with two members.
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In 1782, Rhode Island vetoed an amendment that would have allowed Congress to levy taxes on imports to pay off federal debts. A second attempt was made to approve a federal impost in 1785; however, this time it was New York which disapproved. The Confederation Congress also lacked the power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. Britain, France and Spain imposed various restrictions on American ships and products, while the US was unable to coordinate retaliatory trade policies.
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The Court reasoned that the right to travel is a fundamental right. The people of the United States constituting one nation, a State may not impose a tax on a person for the "privilege" of traveling from or for passing through it. The Court stated that a person traveling is different from the transportation of a good, which prevents imposts or duties on a person. The tax was not a prohibited impost, and precedent from Cooley v.
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The Saginaw County Fairgrounds Main Gate is an Arts and Crafts structure measuring sixty feet long by fifteen feet deep. The gate contains a ticket office at each end, with side-by-side pedestrian and automobile gates in the center. It is built from red paving bricks, and has a limestone base, window sill-level beltcourses, and window impost blocks. A green clay Spanish tile hip roof tops the structure, supported by paired and single brackets.
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However, whether that was the intention or not, it did not take long for Christians to petition the Emperor to distinguish the Christians for the purpose of the payment of the fiscus Iudaicus. As the tax only applied to practising Jews, if they could be recognised as a separate religion, they would escape the impost. After the murder of Domitian in 96 AD, Nerva relaxed the rules of collection, limiting the tax to those who openly practised Judaism.
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The tower is built in the Romanesque Revival style, constructed of coursed, squared sandstone, and arranged in a square plan. On each side are two narrow full-height Romanesque arches, all with stepped surrounds and arch-bands, and linked by an impost band. Above the arches is a plain frieze with carved grotesques at the corners, topped with machicolated corbelling. The stone is a pale red and mottled form of Ormskirk Sandstone, probably extracted from nearby Ruff Wood.
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Santullano When the Church of San Julián de los Prados, or Santuyano, was built (approx. between the years (812 and 842), it formed part of a series of royal buildings. The church had a basilica ground plan (central nave and two side aisles), separated by three semicircular arches on impost capitals and square columns. It is worth noting the existence of a transept or transversal aisle located between the aisles and the sanctuary, exceeding the central nave in height.
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The ground floot of the three-stage bell tower has a Gothic door similar to, but larger, than the northeast tower. On either side are corner buttresses. They rise to the bluestone course that sets off the second stage, and also serves as the sill for a group of three small sash windows. The third stage harbors the bell, with large arched louvered openings rising from another belt course, split by a third at the impost.
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In the 17th century, Banagher was the centre of a flourishing woollen trade. In 1699, the impost placed on the export of woollen goods to England practically killed the woollen trade. At the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775, an embargo placed on the export of foodstuffs to the American Colonies dealt another blow to the trade of Banagher. In 1780, the British Parliament withdrew all these restrictions and Banagher's economy began to improve rapidly.
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The pilasters are similar, with a stringcourse of dentils at the impost line and hood molds over the arches. These break the main cornice, along with the brick piers at the corners and center bay. The windows themselves have stained glass border panes in the upper section. From large foot scrolls on the arch tops spring the three pilasters that frame the two recessed 16-pane windows in each of the gabled dormers that pierce the roof, finished in fish-scale slate.
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To him chiefly is due the abandonment of the principle of interpretation according to the analogy of faith, which practically subordinated the Bible to the creed. He had a considerable share in the Apocrypha controversy; and he was throughout life a vigorous and consistent upholder of anti-state-church or voluntary views. He supported the separation of church and state. In Edinburgh an impost called the annuity tax was levied for the support of the city's Church of Scotland ministers.
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It supports cast iron and frosted glass lamps on bronze standards. The doorway is recessed in a brick arch with marble keystone, carved with an oval chrysanthemum patera, and impost blocks paneled on the outer facings and autographed on the inner ones. Above the entry a marble panel reads "Henry Sabin Chase Memorial Dispensary". The front and rear doors open into identical vestibules, with screened doors at the exterior and interior doors repeating the outside doors' fanlights, sidelights and surrounds.
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Cast stone impost blocks engage a horizontal stringer course of brick in a basket-weave pattern that also engages the similar cast stone capitals on the pilasters. A gold-colored Star of David is in the gable field. Both east and west profiles have similar long, narrow windows in their bays, divided by pilasters topped with a plain frieze that becomes wider with each pilaster south. Both also have a fourth bay at the south end with a different treatment.
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Each wedge-shaped voussoir turns aside the thrust of the mass above, transferring it from stone to stone to the springer's bottom face ("impost"), which is horizontal and passes the thrust on to the supports. Voussoir arches distribute weight efficiently, and take maximum advantage of the compressive strength of stone, as in an arch bridge. The outer boundary of a voussoir is referred to as an extrados. In Visigothic and Moorish architectural traditions, the voussoirs are often in alternating colours, usually red and white.
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English classical organ Despite the small specification, the organ is laid out grandly and occupies a big mahogany case with a gilded front (the facade starts at 8' C – the four lowest Open Diapason pipes are inside). The Great Organ is in the obvious place at impost level, and the tiny swell-box is above and behind, with the Pedal Pipes on either side below it. The entire base of the organ is occupied by an enormous double-rise reservoir, about twelve feet by six.
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The front door is framed with its original semicircular limestone arch with keystone and impost blocks. It opens on a large square room filling the building's southeast corner and extending two-thirds of its depth. A fireplace with original mantel is on the south wall; a narrow stair goes to the upper story behind the west wall while a door opens onto the rear porch. The past presence of a chair rail in the room is evident from the plaster behind where it was.
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Belhaven claims to have begun brewing in 1719. In that year the burgh of Dunbar levied a local tax on brewers to fund civic improvements. Since Belhaven's site is immediately outside the limits controlled by the then Dunbar Council, and hence would be free of the 'impost' or tax, it is possible that the 1719 date records the relocation of an existing business. In the first half of the 18th century Belhaven had more than 24 small and large competitors nearby in Dunbar, Belhaven and West Barns.
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It is their harshness and greed that drive the poor to join the Bagaudae and fly for shelter to the barbarian invaders (v. 5 and 6). Everywhere the taxes are heaped upon the needy, while the rich, who have the apportioning of the impost, escape comparatively free (v. 7). The great towns are wholly given up to the abominations of the circus and the theatre, where decency is wholly set at nought, and Minerva, Mars, Neptune and the old gods are still worshipped (vi.
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Count Fleet finished his two-year-old campaign on November 10 in the Walden Stakes at Pimlico. Going off as the 1-10 favorite, he ran away from the field and won by twenty lengths (other sources have the margin of victory as 30 lengths.) At season's end, he had won 10 of his 15 races while never being out of the money, a performance that earned him the two-year-old championship honors. He was assigned on the 1942 Experimental Free Handicap, the highest impost ever.
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The Great Hall is spanned by similar but more elaborately decorated arched timber trusses to those found in the classrooms, also landing on semi-circular impost blocks. It has a diagonally boarded timber ceiling with exposed rafters and purlins, finished with a timber cornice with pierced motifs. The interior features two large stained glass windows, one at each end of the hall, and one to each side amongst a run of lancet windows. The entrances to the south, east and west have pointed arch cedar double doors.
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Above the corbeled roofline, the octagonal spire rises, topped by a cross and set off with four small pyramids at the corners, to 100 feet (30 m) high. At the worship space, a three-sided steeply pitched gabled section projects from the pyramid-roofed main block. The wall spaces on the bay have large windows similar to those on the fellowship hall. Those on the side sections are subdivided into two smaller arched windows below the impost, and two small windows are located in the gable apex.
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Continuously in use since 1877, the East Melbourne Synagogue is the oldest in Melbourne and the largest 19th-century synagogue in Victoria. It is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register and is classified by the National Trust of Australia due to its historical, social, and architectural significance. The two-storeyed synagogue was designed by noted Melbourne architects Crouch & Wilson. The internal space is surrounded on three sides by a gallery carried by cast iron columns, each surmounted by an unusual arrangement of an impost block flanked by consoles.
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The church displays the first recorded instance of the use of a main west entrance and a south entry placed in the extreme southeast corner of the church. Both doors are recent replacements, and the exact form of the western door is unknown. The principal entrance is through the tower archway by way of a large, semi-circular arch that is decorated by rubbed brick and am impost three bricks high at the lower end of the arch. The arch itself consists of voussoirs with plastered over, white bricks forming the interior of the arch.
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On its upper side are four dowel holes in a recessed area and numerous other rectangular holes for attachments. Another surviving marble block fits the attachment above the impost block; this block itself had four dowels for the attachment of a plinth above. This plinth will have carried the statue and was fixed with metal cramps on its sides. With its laurel wreaths connecting its stacked column drums, the Column of Leo recalls the porphyry Column of Constantine, while the Column of Marcian is the closest stylistic parallel to the capital.
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About the same time Charles I expressed displeasure against Fowke, and shortly afterwards named him in a declaration printed and published in March 1628. In October 1629, on Fowke again refusing to pay the impost, an information was laid against him at the council, and 'great endeavours used to take away his life and estate upon false pretences of clipping of money and piracies.' After witnesses had been examined he was committed to the Fleet Prison and his ship and cargo, with a prize of sugar, seized. He was forced to give £40,000.
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These, and the single-storey roof over the centre, are crested with railings of ornamental ironwork. One of the restaurant's most famous features is the Long Bar, which retains the 'glistering' ceiling of gold mosaic, coved at the sides and patterned all over with lines and ornaments in blue and white tesserae. The wall decoration accords well with the real yellow gold leaf ceiling, being lined with warm marble and formed into blind arcades with semi-elliptical arches resting on slender octagonal columns, their unmolded capitals and the impost being encrusted with goldground mosaic.
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With the announcement that Will Take Charge was also coming to California, the 2014 race became the most highly anticipated running since the matchup of Alysheba and Ferdinand in 1988, the only other time that the previous year's Breeders' Cup top two finishers returned to challenge one another at the Santa Anita Handicap. Additional interest came from the return of Game On Dude, who won the Big 'Cap in 2011 and 2013. Mucho Macho Man was assigned the highest impost at . Will Take Charge was assigned and Game on Dude, .
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From the south, the arch is also a prominent part of the streetscape. The Dornoch Terrace roadway is supported by a painted concrete vault, generated by a basket-handle arch and sprung from concrete abutments on either side of Boundary Street. The abutments stand proud of the surrounding stone retaining walls and feature a plinth and impost painted in a contrasting green. The off-form striated finish of the vault's soffit is evident beneath the paintwork, whereas other parts of the bridge appear to be rendered and painted.
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The wall decoration accords well with the real yellow gold leaf ceiling, incorporating semi-precious stones such as jade, mother of pearl, turquoise being lined with warm marble and formed into blind arcades with semi-elliptical arches resting on slender octagonal columns, their unmolded capitals and the impost being encrusted with goldground mosaic Gold leaf adorns the wrought iron gates surrounding the Palace of Versailles in France, when refinishing the gates nearly 200 years after they were torn down during the French Revolution, it required hundreds of kilograms of gold leaf to complete the process.
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Open-work carving with volutes, tendrils and figures with musical instruments forms the gallery edge. During the conversion, classical figures were carved on the manual cases and below the pedal tower by Anthonie Wallis, and the main case widened below impost level to the dimensions of the upper case. Four music-making cherubs from 1815 crown the Rug-Positief and female figures and angels with musical instruments top the main case. Wallis also replaced the original carvings beneath the side towers of the main case with two near-life-size figures of Atlas.
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In capitalist production, a basic profit impost is the normal precondition for the supply of goods and services. When competition for product markets intensifies, the producers' margin between cost prices and sale prices, their true income, shrinks. In that case, the producers can only maintain their profits, either by reducing their costs and improving productivity, or by capturing a bigger market share and selling more product in less time, or both (the only other option they can try is product differentiation). In a well-established product-market, however, the fluctuations in supply and demand are usually not very large.
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The roof of the church is supported by a barrel vault, but while the vault of the nave and the aisles retains its original stone structure, the western sections of the building are vaulted in brick from the earlier springing points of the ashlar masonry. The arches used are of the horseshoe type (greater than half a circle) of Visigothic architecture. The two arches perpendicular to the axis of the nave spring from impost blocks supported on columns attached to the piers. The arch opening onto the apse is a tighter horseshoe shape resting on two columns in the jambs of the opening.
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Oppitz, L., Lost Railways of Sussex, op. cit. p. 73-74. The station is composed of a central block flanked on the western side by a gable-fronted wing, and on the eastern side by a three-storey clocktower with a pyramidal slate roof surrounded by a louvred cupola with a weathervane. The facade of the building is constructed of red brick with ashlar and black brick dressings; on the ground floor level are a series of nine round-arched windows and an arched doorway, with a decorated ashlar impost band connecting the windows. The eaves are serrated with an ashlar cornice.
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Once entered there, the name could never be removed, but must remain for all time, an insurmountable bar to repentance and respectability. Caligula inaugurated a tax upon prostitutes (the vectigal ex capturis), as a state impost: "he levied new and hitherto unheard of taxes; a proportion of the fees of prostitutes;—so much as each earned with one man. A clause was also added to the law directing that women who had practiced prostitutery and men who had practiced procuration should be rated publicly; and furthermore, that marriages should be liable to the rate".Suetonius, Calig. xi.
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Fragments of decorative masonry remain within the church and outside include the remains of medieval pillars and a richly carved 'impost' that could have supported an arched cloister or screen structure. Another richly carved stone believed to be a tomb slab stands inside the church against the north wall. There are tomb niches located in the south wall, also a Romanesque style doorway chevron fragment (c1170), which perhaps could have come from the priory building once located about two hundred metres south from the church. Drumlane Round Tower shows signs that it was built or rebuilt in two stages.
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The origin of postmodern communication is linked to the development of communication theory. As communication theory studies the technical process of information and the process of human communication, postmodern communications are the newly created tools and marketplaces that allow these communications to happen. Most thinking around the postmodern communication and marketing model is driven from an early 1990s scholastic journal article created by Stephen Brown and posted to the England Journal of Marketing. In it Brown writes, one who approaches marketing from postmodern style should in many ways reject attempts to impost order and working in silos.
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One of the first--a three-member committee "to prepare and report an estimate of supplies ... and of nett [sic] produce of the impost"--was established on April 29, 1789. The Committee on Ways and Means followed on July 24, 1789, during a debate on the creation of the Treasury Department over concerns of giving the new department too much authority over revenue proposals. The House felt it would be better equipped if it established a committee to handle the matter. This first Committee on Ways and Means had 11 members and existed for just two months.
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The nave is long by wide at the east end and at the west. Remnants of 13th-century paintings The nave is separated from the south aisle by a two-bay arcade, built into the existing walls in the early 14th century, with a single octagonal pier and wide double-chamfered arches. The pier has a square base and an "undersized" moulded impost and is slightly higher than the responds, which are square, with the arches "dying away" into them at a low level. Above the western arch is the remains of an 11th-century window.
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The library's original building is located in the elongated village center of Boscawen, on the east side of King Street (United States Route 3) just south of its junction with United States Route 4. It is a single-story brick building, with a gabled roof and end chimneys with recessed brick paneling. Its main facade is three bays wide and symmetrical, with a center entrance and flanking sash windows. The windows are set in recessed round-arch panels with marble keystone and impost blocks, and extend all the way to ground level, with a splayed stone lintel.
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The ornamentation of openings and wall surfaces is also modest but fine: the windows have slightly projecting corbelled triangular heads; the end gables have brick pointed arch courses above the grouped windows; the windows sills, buttress copings and plinth are picked out in cement render, and diagonal brick end courses decorate the sills, cornice and plinth. The interior of the 1871 building is painted brick, spanned by timber hammerbeam trusses landing on impost blocks. The ceiling is timber-lined with exposed rafters, and is finished with a band of diagonally laid brick ends. The windows are diamond- glazed.
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Rustication, carving and a balcony emphasize the central segmental- arch entrance. The first floor has square-headed windows with splayed keystones; cornice between first and second floors; stone balcony on monumental brackets in front of central window of second floor; round-arched second floor windows set within concave round-arched recesses with unusual foliate keystones; square-headed windows of third floor have keystones with smooth enframement and stylized sill corbels; stone band at impost level; modillioned roof cornice with handsome balustrades; two-story slate mansard roof pierced by segmental dormers above which are bulls-eye dormers.
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The interior has an elaborate exposed roof structure consisting of small arched trusses springing from sandstone impost blocks, which are centred on brick piers at the corners of the octagons. The trusses meet at a midpoint below the roof pinnacle; the remainder of the roof is supported with struts springing from a central half- post. It has a timber boarded ceiling with exposed rafters, and the dormers are expressed in the ceiling. The room has twelve high-set stained glass windows with sandstone voussoirs encircling the room, as well as four stained glass windows to the dormers.
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Rectangular windows with pointed arch motifs run between the projecting bays, and the rooms are accessed via timber double doors. Rendered masonry dressings include toothed window surrounds, hood mouldings, cornices with dentils, and copings. The upper level classrooms at the ends of the east and west wings feature timber arched braced trusses springing from semi-circular impost blocks, diagonally boarded timber ceilings with exposed rafters, and timber cornices with quatrefoil motifs. The four classrooms either side of the Great hall on the upper floor and several on the ground floor have sheeted ceilings with dark timber coverstrips.
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He suffered dismasting and several shipwrecks, generally positive but occasionally conflicting relationships with Indigenous Australians, and was the first trepanger to pay the South Australian government trepanging licence in 1883, an impost that made the trade less viable.Macknight, C. C., 'Using Daeng Rangka (1845–1927)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, Retrieved on 6 April 2012 The trade continued to dwindle toward the end of the 19th century, due to the imposition of customs duties and licence fees and probably compounded by over fishing. Using Daeng Rangka commanded the last Makassar perahu, which left Arnhem Land in 1907.
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A user fee is a fee, tax, or impost payment paid to a facility owner or operator by a facility user as a necessary condition for using the facility. People pay user fees for the use of many public services and facilities. At the federal level in the United States, there is a charge for walking to the top of the Statue of Liberty, to drive into many national parks, or to use particular services of the Library of Congress. States may charge tolls for driving on highways or impose a fee on those who camp in state parks.
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Sydney Ambrose Negus (12 March 1912 – 1 August 1986) was an Australian politician who was an Independent senator for Western Australia from 1971 until 1974.Parliamentary Handbook - Members of the Senate since 1901 He was previously a carpenter and building contractor. Negus was president of the West Australian Sporting Car Club and competed in the Australian Grand Prix on several occasions. Negus was elected largely on an anti-inheritance tax platform following the death of his brother, Oscar Negus a Justice of the Supreme Court of Western Australia and a realisation of the impost of the tax on widows.
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Born in Newport in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, he was the son of Samuel and Elizabeth Collins. He stood forth as a staunch advocate of the independence of the Thirteen Colonies. An admirer of George Washington, he was selected by the governor of Rhode Island in 1776 to carry a letter to Washington informing him of the condition of the colony and soliciting counsel upon the best method to adopt for its defense. Later (1782) he was made bearer to the President of Congress of a statement of Rhode Island's reasons for rejecting the Impost Act.
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The building is a quadrangle in shape, built in ashlar of polished cream-coloured sandstone, with two storeys and a raised basement. The ground floor, and both storeys of the pavilions, are arcaded with timber-framed sash windows of twelve panes and decorated with a base course and an impost course. On the first floor storey is a cill course, a cornice, and a blocking course. The corners and the centre of each of the sides has a projecting taller pavilion consisting of one bay, with one window on each storey, with those at the building's corner topped with a square base supporting a cupola and freestanding columns at each angle.
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A visual separation between front and rear hall is achieved by an unusual double arch without a supporting post in the middle. The free hanging impost of the arches is adorned by a tulip ornament and hanging candle light, not unlike the carved pendant in a similar position in Gunston Hall, Virginia, designed b William Buckland at this sale time. To the right of the stair is a very fine corner cupboard with a large carved shell ornament. To the right of the front hall is a small un-paneled reception room and in the rear, also to the right of the stair hall, is a larger un-paneled dining room.
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For they take their impost, and enter no account of religion, be their subjects Christians or Nazarenes, Jews or Samaritians; whereas these accursed Poles were not content with taxes and tithes from the brethren of Christ.The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pg. 134-135 He was back in Damascus in 1659, where he succeeded in settling the debts of the patriarchate and excommunicated the Metropolitan of Homs, Athanasius Ibn Amish, who acted as patriarch. In 1660 Macarios III blessed the Holy Myron for all the patriarchate, the first time this had been done since 1594.
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The arch was built as part of the Temple Mount's massive western retaining wall, which forms its eastern support. The voussoirs spring from a row of impost blocks which were cut to produce a dentil pattern. There have been some theories which speculate that the dentils were employed as part of a system used to shore up timber forms used during construction. However, this was a common decorative element employed in the region at the time, and archaeologists have noted that in this region of limited forests it is much more likely that packed earth, rather than expensive timbers, was used to support the form on which the arch was constructed.
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Although the exact origins of the term is unknown, scholarly reports date the defining of the movement to the early 1990s by the "European Journal of Marketing" author Stephen Brown. According to his findings, postmodern marketing is made up of three distinct categories (1) the idea of change, new, and complex, (2) sub-discipline of consumer research, and (3) marketing practices and research methodologies. Furthermore, as Brown implies, one who approaches marketing from postmodern style should in many ways reject attempts to impost order and working in silos. Instead markers should work collectively from with "artistic" attributes of intuition, creativity, spontaneity, speculation, emotion and involvement.
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Wood, 306. Lee was not the only writer accused by Federalists of producing the pamphlets—a correspondent of John Lamb accused him of diverting money from the New York impost into the production of "the foederal farmer and other false Libels."The Anti-Federalist, 32. Historian Gordon S. Wood observes that at least in Connecticut, emphasizing the association of Lee with any Anti-Federalist production would have been a sound political move for the Federalists; the Lee family was reviled in the state due to the involvement of Arthur Lee, Richard Henry's brother, in instigating the recall of Connecticut merchant Silas Deane from his position as envoy to France.
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Leaded glass windows were replaced with steel mullioned windows with concrete spandrel panels and new rendered masonry surrounds, while pointed arched windows to the side walls were replaced with triangular head windows. Originally consisting of three double-storeyed height rooms extending in turn to the west, north, and further out to the east, the building has been divided into two storeys. The ground floor has been partitioned for administrative offices, and the first floor now serves as a meeting area. The fine and impressive timber roof structures of the three major rooms remain visible on the upper floor, being composed of exposed timber blade trusses on quarter-round impost blocks.
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Achaemenid influence has also been noted, especially in relation to the general shape, and the capital has been called a "Persianizing capital, complete with stepped impost, side volutes and central palmettes", which may be the result of the formative influence of craftsmen from Persia following the disintegration of the Achaemenid Empire after the conquests of Alexander the Great."The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE-200 CE" Robin Coningham, Ruth Young Cambridge University Press, 31 aout 2015, p.414 Some authors have remarked that the architecture of the city of Pataliputra seems to have had many similarities with Persian cities of the period.
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This tax increase was a significant impost for owners. Its design was completed before General Motors took control in late 1925 making the car "in construction and plan British". The 20-60 – it was given a 3.3-litre engine in October 1930 and renamed 80, later Silent Eighty – remained in production until the introduction of Vauxhall's first true General Motors large-car design, the Vauxhall Big Six, announced and displayed in October 1933 but not delivered until August 1934 long after the GM-designed medium-sized Cadet released in October 1930. This gap in Vauxhall's programme may reflect the sales-failure of their very expensive 25-70 sleeve-valve car.
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The Hattenheim station entrance building was built in 1884-85, replacing a building built for the Nassau Rhine Railway (Nassauische Rheinbahn), which was opened on 11 August 1856 from Wiesbaden to Rüdesheim and later extended to Oberlahnstein. The two-storey building was probably designed by the architect Paul Rowald. The building had a waiting room on the ground floor as well as various function rooms; on the second floor there was an apartment for the station master. The almost symmetrical brickwork in the styles of Gothic Revival and Renaissance Revival consists of a protruding Avant-corps with a Rundbogenstil portal and an impost, which is flanked by two pillars.
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45; Rakove, p. 324. An amendment to the Articles had been proposed by Thomas Burke, in February 1781, to give Congress the power to collect a 5% impost, or duty on all imports, but this required ratification by all states; securing its passage as law proved impossible after it was rejected by Rhode Island in November 1782. James Madison joined Hamilton in influencing Congress to send a delegation to persuade Rhode Island to change its mind. Their report recommending the delegation argued the national government needed not just some level of financial autonomy, but also the ability to make laws that superseded those of the individual states.
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The United Kingdom and the United States did not directly intervene in the distribution of land and maritime areas, but the U.S. ambassadors in Santiago de Chile and Buenos Aires, Thomas A. Osborn and Thomas O. Osborn, did serve as mediators. The concern of the great powers was free navigation through the strait. The U.S. administration declared immediately before the negotiations leading to the treaty: :The Government of the United States will not tolerate exclusive claims by any nation whatsoever to the Straits of Magellan, and will hold responsible any Government that undertakes, no matter on what pretext, to lay or impost or check on United States commerce through the Straits.Erik Brüel, International Straits, Vol.
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Yet, after the modules are delivered on site, the gaps between such modules need to be covered: for an operation that is relative minimal, extensive protections need to be established for a worker to safely complete this task at heights. This relatively small task with high impost in terms of safety if done manually, is perfectly suited for a drone. Developed with the collaboration of Freelance Robotics, a proof of concept was conducted in Ausco Modular’s hire yard in Brisbane, Australia. In construction, drones can be used to survey building sites to help monitor and report progress, spot errors early on and avoid rework and show off finished projects in marketing materials.
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It has been described as the ″most brilliant example of a towerless façade in Germany″. So-called Abbot's Chapel of Pforta monastery As a sign of the economic power of the monastery, the Cistercians were able to commission a new church and abbot's chapel (Abtskapelle) between 1251 and 1268, both of which are of artistic and architectural quality. Rare elements were still to be found in the structure such as the latrine and the chamber of the infirmary. It constitutes the high point of Romanesque interior design in the local cultural landscape and stands out thanks to the opulent and yet balanced profiles of the wall design above the columns with their many shaft tori and leaping impost heights.
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Spectacular Bid followed this performance with a win at the Marlboro Cup at Belmont Park, beating both horses he had lost to in the Belmont Stakes: Coastal and Golden Act. He was scheduled to race in the Marlboro against 1978 Triple Crown winner Affirmed, but Affirmed's owners bowed out of the race in reaction to a 133-pound impost assignment to Affirmed. Spectacular Bid did meet Affirmed in the Jockey Club Gold Cup at Belmont in October, where he made repeated challenges and finished second to the Triple Crown winner. This was the last race Spectacular Bid lost, and the only time, apart from the Belmont, in which he raced over a mile and a half.
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91, Racetrack magazine, December 1981 Wakeful then went on to win races such as the AJC Plate and VRC Champion Stakes at three miles.Pring, Peter; "Analysis of Champion Racehorses", The Thoroughbred Press, Sydney, 1977, At her last start she ran second in the 1903 VRC Melbourne Cup carrying the huge impost for a mare of which was 13 pounds over weight for age and conceded the winner Lord Cardigan . Previously no mare had carried more than and none of them finished in the first six.Cavanough, Maurice, The Melbourne Cup, Jack Pollard P/L, North Sydney, 1976 In all she had 44 starts, winning 25 races, was second 12 times and third 4 times.
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From 1603 until his death he was elected, with one exception, to each parliament, sitting invariably for a constituency of his native county. For several years his sympathies were in antagonism to the court party, yet every commission that was appointed numbered Noy among its members, and even those who were opposed to him in politics acknowledged his learning. A few years before his death he changed political allegiance, went over to the side of the court, and in October 1631 he was created Attorney-general, but was never knighted. It was through his advice that the impost of ship money was levied, resulting in a controversy that helped trigger the English Civil War.
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Gross profit in Marx's sense has three main components: the fees of corporate officers; undistributed profit used to finance investment; and profit distributed as dividends to shareholders or owners. A fraction of income from depreciation write-offs (where government incentive schemes are applicable) and net increases in the value of inventories may also be counted as part of gross profit. In an overall sense, Marx argues the substance of this impost is the unpaid surplus labour performed by the working class; part of society can live off the labour of others due to their ownership of property. In this situation, output values produced by enterprises will typically deviate from output prices realised.
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Several congressmen, including Hamilton, Robert Morris and Gouverneur Morris (no relation), attempted to use this Newburgh Conspiracy as leverage to secure support from the states and in Congress for funding of the national government. They encouraged MacDougall to continue his aggressive approach, threatening unknown consequences if their demands were not met, and defeated proposals that would have resolved the crisis without establishing general federal taxation: that the states assume the debt to the army, or that an impost be established dedicated to the sole purpose of paying that debt.Kohn; Ellis 2004, pp. 141–44. Hamilton suggested using the Army's claims to prevail upon the states for the proposed national funding system.Kohn, p. 196.
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In 1810, after the secularisation of the Catholic cloister (1803) and the abolition of the Protestant parish of St. Michael's (1810), the column was removed on the private initiative of diocese officials and installed in the north of the Domhof between the cathedral and the Bishop's house. In 1870 the Hildesheim sculptor Karl Küsthardt gave the column a new bronze capital, which was meant to imitate the wooden capital or an illustration of it and to indirectly preserve the appearance of the old bronze capital, which had supported an impost topped by a bronze crucifix. In 1893 it was moved into the cathedral. On 30 September 2009 it was moved back to St. Michael's for the duration of the cathedral renovations, which lasted until August 2014.
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Of that sum, $8 million was owed to the French and Dutch. Of the domestic debt, government bonds, known as loan-office certificates, composed $11.5 million, certificates on interest indebtedness $3.1 million, and continental certificates $16.7 million. The certificates were non-interest bearing notes issued for supplies purchased or impressed, and to pay soldiers and officers. To pay the interest and principal of the debt, Congress had twice proposed an amendment to the Articles granting them the power to lay a 5% duty on imports, but amendments to the Articles required the consent of all thirteen states: the 1781 impost plan had been rejected by Rhode Island and Virginia, while the revised plan, discussed in 1783, was rejected by New York.
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Interior of the churchTaken by Dr Victor Aziz ;Exterior The exterior of the church is of a nonconformist chapel with gable end facade in Romanesque style. Red and beige roughly dressed sandstone with cream ashlar is used to define very decoratively the architectural features; artificial slate roof with ashlar coping. Centre three bays are framed by pilasters and the bracketed antae which continue diagonally to apex surmounted by the short bellcote with embattled cornice. ;Interior Two upper-storey pilasters rising from the doorway cornice separate the 3 windows; these are of equal length, long, round-headed with long nook shafts, simple fluted capitals and an impost band; above the central window is the datestone, a shield under a round-arched hood.
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An ambulatory with radiating chapels (chevet) is part of the design (though at the 15th-century choir in Breda added later on). Whereas the cathedrals in Brussels and Antwerp are notable exceptions, the main porch is straight under the single west tower, in French called clocher-porche. Pillar bundle columns (on this side), and frieze of tracery (underneath windows), in the Cathedral of Our Lady in Antwerp An alternative type originated with the cathedral of Antwerp: instead of round columns with a capital impost, bundled pillars profiled in the columns continue without interruption through the ribs of vaults and arches – a style followed for churches in 's-Hertogenbosch and Leuven. In addition, the pier arches between nave and aisles are exceptionally wide, and the triforium is omitted.
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The external walls are of solid brick construction with rendered finish on rock-faced bluestone plinth with tooled margins; various tooled and moulded course lines which extend continuously at impost level into simply moulded archivolts. The internal walls are hard plastered and painted brickwork to external and partition walls; some areas have moulded dado lines. The floors are timber boards on timber-framed structure; Victorian profile moulded timber skirting boards, and the ceilings are lathe and plaster with square set cornice [and possibly various moulded cornices and ceiling roses. The roof is hipped with slate finish to principal building and kitchen wing, minimal eaves overhang, rendered brick chimneys with moulded caps; mansard roof form to clock tower with bracketed cornice, cast iron widows' walk and flagpole.
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Arthur Laffer There are historical precedents other than those cited by Laffer. Ferdinando Galiani wrote in Della Moneta (1751) that ‘It is an enormous error... to believe that an impost always yields more revenue as it becomes heavier’.‘È errore grandissimo... credere che un dazio frutifichi sempre più se più s’aggrava.’ p193 of the 1916 reprint. He gave the example of a toll on late-night entry to a town which would be less remunerative if set unreasonably high. David Hume expressed similar arguments in his essay Of Taxes in 1756, as did fellow Scottish economist Adam Smith twenty years later. The Democratic party embraced this argument in the 1880s when high revenue from import tariffs raised during the Civil War (1861–1865) led to federal budget surpluses.
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At the beginning of the nineteenth century the Jews of Germany found a courageous champion in , who worked persistently for the abolition of this impost. Perceiving that ample resources would be required to carry on his campaign, and not being personally able to command these, he invoked the aid of the German and foreign Jews in 1803, asking them to subscribe to the fund raised for this purpose. He instituted negotiations with the minor German princes at the Diet of Ratisbon (1804), and, aided by Dalberg, the imperial chancellor, succeeded in obtaining free passage for the Jews throughout the Rhine provinces and Bavaria. It was largely due to his efforts that the Leibzoll was abolished in Kurhessen, Hohenlohe, Neuwied, Wied-Runkel, Braunfels, Solms-Rödelheim, and also in Nassau (September, 1806).
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Phoenix Union Station (center) anchors the south end of downtown Phoenix Union Station was constructed in 1923 by the Santa Fe and the Arizona Eastern (Southern Pacific) Railroads. The Station is one of the best examples of Mission Revival architecture, along with Brophy College Preparatory, in Phoenix. The Mission Revival style, a popular building style between 1890 and the 1920s, was typified by such Union Station features as stucco wall finishes, arcades, red tiled roofs, curvilinear gables, massive piers, and impost moldings. According to the "Phoenix Historic Building Survey" by the Phoenix City Council, September 1979: ; Historic Name: Union Station of the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe Railroads ; Description : A large Mission Revival railroad station with a central two-story waiting room structure between long, low arcaded wings.
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Marege, meaning 'wild country' was their name for Arnhem Land, from the Cobourg Peninsula to Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Using Daeng Rangka, the last Makassan trepanger to visit Australia, lived well into the 20th century, and first made the voyage to northern Australia as a young man. He recalled generally positive but occasionally conflicting relationships with Indigenous Australians, and was the first trepanger to pay the South Australian government trepanging licence in 1883, an impost that made the trade less viable.Macknight, C. C., 'Using Daeng Rangka (1845–1927)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, Retrieved on 6 April 2012 The trade continued to dwindle toward the end of the 19th century due to the imposition of customs duties and licence fees.
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Odžaci was first time mentioned in the year 1557 or 1558. It was mentioned as a settlement in Bačka established by the Turks in time of war operations which took place in south Hungary. There are a lot of theories of the name origin, one of them is that it originates from the name of the Turkish military unit which stayed there, another theory is that the name originates from the Turkish word for chimney ( because of the chimneys which were protruding from the dugout of the first settlement), and also that Odžaci got its name by the Bosnian Odžaci from where 7 Serbian families arrived in the 16th century. In the 17th century Odžaci was deserted, the population was under pressure of impost, charged for military and war needs, and it mainly moved up north.
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According to the sharia law, slaves were allowed to earn their living if they opted for that, otherwise it is the owner's (master) duty to provide for that. They also could not be forced to earn money for their masters unless with an agreement between the slave and the master. This concept is called مخارجة (mukhārajah) (Lane: "And خَارَجَهُ He made an agreement with him, namely, his slave that he (the latter) should pay him a certain impost at the expiration of every month; the slave being left at liberty to work: in which case the slave is termed عَبْدٌ مُخَارِجٌ") in Islamic law. If slaves agree to that and they would like the money they earn to be counted toward their emancipation, then this has to be written in the form of a contract between the slave and the master.
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One of the vessels, containing the ironwork for the first and third spans, was wrecked shortly after leaving the Mersey; but the loss was immediately replaced, and in a little over six months from the date of fixing the first portion of the ironwork the bridge was finished. The approaches for distance of 980 feet on the northern side, and 440 feet on the southern, are of timber in bays of four upright and two battering piles, secured by wallings and bracings, with openings of twenty-five feet ; the ballast and permanent way is laid on planking, resting on double longitudinal girders with traverse joists. The iron girders rest on four oval stone piers of eighty feet by twenty feet at the base, tapering off to fifty-two by twelve, with vertical openings and surmounted by an impost course. The whole of the stone used in their construction was obtained from a sandstone quarry about a mile distant.
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Congress was politically divided on the subject of finance. The treasury was empty, and Congress lacked the power to compel the states to provide the necessary funds for meeting its obligations.Fleming, pp 250–252, 262 An attempt to amend the Articles of Confederation to allow Congress to impose an import tariff known as an "impost" was decisively defeated by the states in November 1782,Kohn, Inside History, p 191 and some states had enacted legislation forbidding their representatives from supporting any sort of lifetime pension.Kohn, Inside History, p 195 Members of the "nationalist" faction in Congress who had supported the tax proposal (including Robert Morris, Gouverneur Morris, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton) believed that the army funding issues could be used as a lever to gain for Congress the ability to raise its own revenue.Kohn, Inside History, pp 191–193Fleming, p 261 Gouverneur Morris (left) and Robert Morris (right), portrait by Charles Willson Peale, 1783 The army delegation first met with Robert Morris and other nationalists.
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The corbels, which were located below the impost block of the shaft, had been carefully designed by the stonemason: on the biggest corbel at the north-western corner a crouching man surrounded by flowers was depicted (as can be seen in the image), the remaining seven corbels alternated between the depiction of a man's and a woman's head (as can be seen in the image). Only the stone on the outermost (most western from the top) side facing the market was particularly special in its own right, depicting a ram's head – whether this could be seen as a reference to the name Hamel (similar to Hammel, German for ram), has never been resolved. The name of the stonemason also remains unknown. However, the name of the leading bricklayer during the construction is well-known (Wolf Burckhardt), as well as the name of the man who was responsible for the wrought iron grid between the circular arches and the skylights - locksmith Jacob Reynold.
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It must not be supposed that this system ever was worked with absolute uniformity and completeness throughout the various parts of Catholic Christendom. There were continual disagreements and disputes: the central authorities endeavoring to maintain and extend this most important of their financial schemes and the subordinate ecclesiastics doing their best to get rid of the impost altogether or to transmute it into some less objectionable form. The easy expedient of rewarding the officials of the Curia and increasing the papal revenue by "reserving" more and more benefices was met by repeated protests, such as that of the bishops and barons of England (the chief sufferers), headed by Robert Grosseteste of Lincoln, at the council of Lyons in 1245. The subject frequently became one of national interest, on account of the alarming amount of specie which was thus drained away, and hence numerous enactments exist in regard to it by the various national governments.
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The distinctive feature of the writ of 1634 was that it was issued, contrary to all precedent, in time of peace. Charles desired to conceal the true aim of his policy, which he knew would be detested by the country, and he accordingly alleged as a pretext for the impost the danger to commerce from pirates, and the general condition of unrest in Europe. The citizens of London immediately claimed exemption under their charter, while other towns argued as to the amount of their assessment; but no resistance on constitutional grounds appears to have been offered to the validity of the writ, and a sum of £104,000 was collected. On October 9, 1635, a second writ of ship tax was issued, directed on this occasion, as in the revoked writ of 1628, to the sheriffs and justices of inland as well as of maritime counties and towns, demanding the sum of £208,000 which was to be obtained by assessment on personal as well as real property, payment to be enforced by distraint.
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Impost block Partial view of the capital Column drum, probably the uppermost of eight After the discovery of the various fragments around the column's site, Byzantinist and archaeologist Urs Peschlow determined the fragments to be related to one another and published a reconstruction of the Column of Leo in 1986. In it he argued the Colossus of Barletta, a much restored Late Antique bronze statue of an emperor in armour, came originally from the summit the Column of Leo, on account of its fitting the proportions of the reconstructed column. It has elsewhere been suggested the 1561 drawing by Melchior Lorck of the reliefs of an honorific column pedestal, usually believed to show the now-obscured pedestal of the extant Column of Constantine, could show instead the vanished pedestal of Leo's column. According to Peschlow's reconstruction, the column would have been between 21 and 26 m tall, without its statue, with a column shaft of about 15 m made up of eight drums, and a socle, pedestal and base nearly 7 m high.
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Indiana's earliest economy revolved around trade with the Native American tribes in the northern and central parts of the state, which were connected by rivers to the Great Lakes, and ultimately the Atlantic. The state government established a trading monopoly with the tribes who became the primary purchasers of Indiana settler's goods. Although the basis was established in the Northwest OrdinanceNorthwest Ordinance Art 4: "The navigable waters leading into the Mississippi and St. Lawrence, and the carrying places between the same, shall be common highways and forever free, as well to the inhabitants of the said territory as to the citizens of the United States, and those of any other States that may be admitted into the confederacy, without any tax, impost, or duty therefor." and well known, economic growth was slow to begin in the state, primarily due to the inability to ship goods to market affordably. After the Mississippi River was opened to American traffic following the Louisiana Purchase, agricultural grew rapidly in the state, but was still hampered by the lack of internal transportation in the state.
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Cardwell v. American Bridge Co., 113 U.S. 205 (1885), was a bill in equity, for the removal of a bridge erected by the defendant over the American River in northern California, downriver from the property of the plaintiff on that navigable section of the river.. The doctrine that, in the absence of legislation by Congress, a state may authorize a navigable stream within its limits to be obstructed by a bridge or highway reasserted, and the former cases to that effect referred to. The provision in the act admitting California > That all the navigable waters within the said state shall be common highways > and forever free, as well to the inhabitants of said state as to the > citizens of the United States, without any tax, impost, or duty therefor does not deprive the state of the power possessed by other states, in the absence of legislation by Congress, to authorize the erection of bridges over navigable waters within the state. That provision aims to prevent the use of the navigable streams by private parties to the exclusion of the public and the exaction of tolls for their navigation.
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