From 2006 until 2016, ALK had a strategic alliance with Merck & Co to develop and commercialize ALK’s SLIT- tablet products in the United States, Canada and Mexico, granting Merck exclusive rights to develop, market and distribute the tablets for grass pollen allergy, house dust mite allergy and ragweed allergy in those markets. In June 2016, ALK and Merck & Co announced that the partnership would end by the end of 2016. The company also has an alliance with Torii Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd to develop and commercialize ALK’s house dust mite allergy immunotherapy products in Japan. The agreement covers the house dust mite SLIT-tablet, an injection-based immunotherapy product, and diagnostic products for house dust mite allergy.
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House dust mite reduction and avoidance measures have been studied in low quality trials and have not shown evidence of improving eczema.
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Peptidase 1 (mite) (), also known as endopeptidase 1 (mite), is an enzyme found in various species of mites. This enzyme exhibits cysteine protease activity with broad endopeptidase specificity. The various forms of peptidase 1 pertaining to individual mite species comprise the group 1 mite allergens. Following the naming conventions of allergens, these peptidase 1 variants include Der p 1 of the European house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Der f 1 of the American house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae; Eur m 1 of the Mayne's house dust mite Euroglyphus maynei; and Pso o 1 of the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis.
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The group 1 mite allergens, especially Der p 1 and Der f 1, are major sources of house dust mite (HDM) allergies in temperate climates.
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This same receptor antagonist likewise blocked the infiltration of eosinophils into the lung in rhesus monkeys that were sensitized to and then challenged with the original allergen. Increased levels of 5-oxo-ETE have been detected in the exhaled breath condensate of humans who developed an asthma-like bronchoconstriction response to the inhalation of house dust mite allergen: the levels of these increases were higher in individuals who developed a more severe late asthmatic response. Similarly, increased levels of 5-oxo-ETE have been detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following the inhalation of house dust mite allergen to house dust mite-sensitized mice.
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There are several clinical studies about that have been performed by using microarray indicating that CORO6 is positively related to allergic nasal epithelium response to house dust mite allergen in vitro.
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A 2013 study found that dyshydrosis on the hands increased among those allergic to house dust mites, following inhalation of house dust mite allergen. Id reaction and irritant contact dermatitis are possible causes.
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However, the agreement was terminated by ALK in 2016 in favor of a collaboration with a new distributor. ALK also has a collaboration with Abbott covering Russia and selected emerging markets, under which Abbott gains rights to distribute and commercialize ALK's SLIT-tablets for grass, ragweed, tree and house dust mite allergies. The agreement with Abbott was expanded in 2016 allowing Abbott to register and sell ALK’s house dust mite SLIT-tablet in seven markets in South-East Asia: Hong Kong, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand. ALK also signed a collaboration with bioCSL (now name Seqirus) covering Australia and New Zealand which grants it exclusive rights to promote and sell ALK’s SLIT-tablets against house dust mite and grass pollen allergy and its adrenaline auto-injector.
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Mites in this family are very tiny; the female American house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae), for example, measures about 420 microns in length and 320 microns in width, with the male being somewhat narrower.
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In addition, it established a research and development collaboration to develop a SLIT-tablet product for Japanese cedar pollen allergy. In China, ALK had a collaboration with Eddingpharm which covered ALK’s diagnostic skin prick test for house dust mite allergy, and a subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) product, also for house dust mite allergy. Under the agreement, Eddingpharm handled sales and distribution, while ALK provided medical and scientific expertise. Announced in April 2014, the collaboration was to run for an initial seven years, provided certain performance targets were met.
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In adults, the prevalence of IgE sensitization to allergens from house dust mite and cat, but not grass, seem to decrease over time as people age. However, the biological reasons for these changes are not fully understood.
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Pyroglyphidae is a family of non-parasitic mites. It includes the house dust mite that live in human dwellings, many species that live in the burrows and nests of other animals, and some pests of dried products stored in humid conditions.
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Eur m 1 is secreted by the Mayne's house dust mite Euroglyphus maynei. Eur m 1 provokes allergic responses from T cells. Der p 1 and Der f 1 show only low levels of cross- reactivity with Eur m 1.
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The first, for grass pollen allergy, was launched in 2006, and was followed by SLIT-tablets for ragweed pollen allergy in 2014 and house dust mite allergy in 2016. The company is part-owned by the Lundbeck Foundation, however is also a publicly traded entity.
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Since launching the first SLIT-tablet (for grass allergy) in 2006, ALK has been developing tablets for other allergies, including tree, ragweed and house dust mite. Its strategy is to develop more patient-friendly treatments based on the approach of 're-educating' the immune system.
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In severe cases, the irritation is generalised. If the allergens are seasonal, the signs of irritation are similarly seasonal. Many dogs with house dust mite allergy have perennial disease. Some of the allergens associated with atopy in dogs include pollens of trees, grasses and weeds, as well as molds and house dust mites.
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Der f 1 is found in the fecal pellets of the American house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae. Der f 1 is considered a major mite allergen and has been shown to promote allergic reactions in the lungs and skin. Der f 1 shows over 80% cross-reactivity with Der p 1. Like Der p 1, Der f 1 functions by cleaving CD23 to trigger an IgE response.
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2011: A new ALK-developed adrenaline auto-injector for the treatment of acute anaphylaxis is launched 2011: An agreement with Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. to develop, register and commercialize a number of SLIT-tablet products in Japan is signed. The agreement also covers selected existing ALK products and diagnostics against house dust mite allergy. It also covers a research and development contract to develop a sublingual immunotherapy tablet against Japanese cedar pollen allergy.
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Arachnids are mostly carnivorous, feeding on the pre-digested bodies of insects and other small animals. Only in the harvestmen and among mites, such as the house dust mite, is there ingestion of solid food particles, and thus exposure to internal parasites, although it is not unusual for spiders to eat their own silk. Several groups secrete venom from specialized glands to kill prey or enemies. Several mites and ticks are parasites, some of which are carriers of disease.
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The ability of antibodies to bind to FcRs helps to direct the appropriate immune response for each different type of foreign object they encounter. For example, IgE is responsible for an allergic response consisting of mast cell degranulation and histamine release. IgE's Fab paratope binds to allergic antigen, for example house dust mite particles, while its Fc region binds to Fc receptor ε. The allergen-IgE-FcRε interaction mediates allergic signal transduction to induce conditions such as asthma.
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Pso o 1 is found in the gut and fecal pellets of the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis. Psoroptic mange in sheep is promoted by the cysteine protease activity of Pso o 1, which targets connective tissues and the molecules of the extracellular matrix. Although Psoroptes belongs to a different order from the house dust mite species, Pso o 1 is classified as a group 1 mite allergen alongside Der p 1, Der f 1, and Eur m 1.
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2014: The grass and ragweed SLIT-tablets are launched in the US. 2014: ALK signs collaboration agreements with Eddingpharm for China and Abbott for Russia and selected emerging markets. 2015: ALK signs a collaboration agreement with bioCSL (now Seqirus) covering Australia and New Zealand. 2016: ALK expands its partnership with Abbott to cover seven markets in South- East Asia and terminates its partnerships with Merck and EddingPharm. 2016: The house dust mite SLIT-tablet is launched in Europe and Japan.
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Microarray expression data also show different environmental conditions, especially irritants. Such irritants can be cigarette smoke, where FAM83A has been shown to increase expression after 24 hours exposure, and house dust mite extract on bronchial epithelial cells, where FAM83A expression also increases after exposure. FAM83A shows decreased expression when activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) is knocked out. Since ATF2 was not predicted to bind in the promoter region, it suggests that there is an indirect relationship between FAM83A and ATF2.
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Three species of house dust mite are commonly found in human dwellings; Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Euroglyphus maynei. They feed on flakes of skin found in dust and typically occur on carpets, around sofas and chairs, and on mattresses. They may be very plentiful in the humid tropics, but in temperate climates are more numerous in humid summers than in winters, when the relative humidity is usually lower in homes. Some people suffer a reaction to allergens present in the faeces of house dust mites.
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These can be caused indirectly by free living mites within the fabric of building and on stored foods such as grain and hay. They are most commonly seen as asthma and dermatitis in humans living in the housing or handling the materials but domestic animals such as dogs and horses can also develop similar diseases. The allergic reactions develop in response to foreign proteins within the fecal pellets of the mites. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the house-dust mite is the best known species causing such problems.
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Strain OP50 of Escherichia coli is used for maintenance of Caenorhabditis elegans cultures. Strain JM109 is a mutant form of E. coli that is recA and endA deficient. The strain can be utilized for blue/white screening when the cells carry the fertility factor episome."Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of cDNA coding for the major house dust mite allergen, Der f 1, in Escherichia coli" Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research Lack of recA decreases the possibility of unwanted restriction of the DNA of interest and lack of endA inhibit plasmid DNA decomposition.
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These immunotherapies produced are subcutaneous (SCIT) or sublingual (SLIT) administrated and used primarily against common allergies such as hay fever, house dust mite allergy and allergic reactions towards wasp or bee stings. With offices in major European countries, HAL Allergy is one of the European top players, particularly in the field of allergy. In addition, HAL Allergy has a specific expertise in the area of contract manufacturing with focus on the production of biopharmaceutical products for preclinical and clinical studies. This is done by its subsidiary HALIX B.V. HAL Allergy originally stems from 'Haarlems Allergenen Laboratorium', a Dutch company set up in Haarlem.
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Der p 1 is located in the mid-gut and fecal pellets of the European house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. It has been suggested that the mite's gastrointestinal cells produce Der p 1. In the mite, Der p 1 is responsible for the activation of zymogens located in the mite digestive tract, including itself and the serine proteases Der p 3, Der p 6, and Der p 9, which are then secreted as potent allergens and thereby increase the pathogenesis of the allergy. Der p 1 is a major source of HDM allergies, triggering immunoglobulin E binding levels of 80-90% and, combined with the group 2 allergen Der p 2, accounting for over 50% of all HDM-related IgE binding.
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