Fenland is only the most egregious example of local democracy without the demos.
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The charred earthenware, excavated from the Cambridgeshire fenland, looks unremarkable, but the manner of its storage reveals new things about the past.
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DOWNHAM MARKET, a town of 265,29 souls perched on the edge of Norfolk's Fenland, is quiet on an overcast bank-holiday Monday, save for a few shopping pensioners.
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They were by no means alone: 12 of the 39 seats in Fenland, the district council, were doled out this way due to a paucity of wannabe councillors.
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The top ten most likely Leave counting areas, as predicted by respected by elections experts John Curtice and Stephen Fisher, are Boston, Castle Point, Tendring, Fenland, East Lindsey, Great Yarmouth, Bolsover, Thurrock, Rochford, Basildon.
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In Peterborough, the stroll takes in new middle-class suburbs serving the city's booming retail and logistics industries, streets where betting shops, pubs and hair salons mingle with Polish delis and supermarkets and finally vegetable fields (often worked by eastern European migrants) stretching out into the flat, big-skied fenland.
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The Fenland Poet Laureate Awards were relaunched with funding from the Arts Council in 2019 with the results to be announced in the autumn. Charlotte Beck, 13 and CJ Atkinson were announced as the 2019–2020 Young Fenland Poet Laureate and Fenland Poet Laureate.
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Fenland Airfield or Fenland Aerodrome is located southeast of the town Spalding near the small village of Holbeach St Johns in Lincolnshire, England. Fenland Aerodrome provides general aviation operations and is a UK Civil Aviation Authority licensed aerodrome that permits the airfield to be used for take-off and landing of aircraft engaged in flights for the purpose of public transport of passengers or for the purpose of instruction in flying which is conducted by Fenland Flying School.
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The 2015 Fenland District Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of the Fenland District Council in England. It was held on the same day as other local elections.
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The 2019 Fenland District Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect members of the Fenland District Council in England. It was held on the same day as other local elections.
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The town returns councillors to Fenland District Council and Cambridgeshire County Council. March is in the constituency of North East Cambridgeshire, currently represented by Stephen Barclay, the Brexit Secretary. The headquarters of Fenland District Council are at Fenland Hall, County Road, March. The former County Hall of Isle of Ely County Council, also on County Road, is now Hereward Hall, used by Cambridgeshire County Council.
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The 1999 Fenland District Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Fenland District Council in Cambridgeshire, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party gained overall control of the council from no overall control.
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The following is a list of churches in Fenland, a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England.
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Conservatives in blue and independent in grey. The 2007 Fenland District Council election took place on 4 May 2007 to elect members of Fenland District Council in Cambridgeshire, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.
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The Wisbech & Fenland Museum, located in the town of Wisbech in the Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire, England, is one of the oldest purpose-built museums in the United Kingdom. The museum logo is W&F.;Wisbech & Fenland Museum, Culture24, UK. Listing on Cornucopia, URL accessed 25 June 2008.
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Other waterways provide opportunities for angling and other water based activities. Marinas are located in Wisbech and March. A proposal for a new fenland rail link was agreed in June 2020. Fenland council gave £370,400 to its chief executive Tim Pilsbury when he took early retirement in 2010–11.
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Tydd St Giles is a village in Fenland, Cambridgeshire, England. It is the northernmost village in Cambridgeshire (bordering Lincolnshire), on the same latitude as Midlands towns such as Loughborough, Leicestershire and Shrewsbury, Shropshire. The village is in the distribution area of one local free newspaper, The Fenland Citizen.
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Conservatives in blue, independents in grey and Liberal Democrats in yellow. The 2011 Fenland District Council election took place on 5 May 2011 to elect members of Fenland District Council in Cambridgeshire, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.
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Handbill in the collection at Wisbech & Fenland Museum. Some landlords even reduced the rents of their theatres, according to a handbill promoting Speed the Plough and Chip of the Old Block, to be performed on 7 April 1817 at the theatre in Wisbech.Handbill in the collection at Wisbech & Fenland Museum.
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Fenland District Council in Cambridgeshire, England is elected every four years. Since the last boundary changes in 2015, 39 councillors have been elected from 24 wards. Fenland rejected the introduction of a directly elected mayor by 17,296 votes to 5,509, on a turnout of just under 34%, in a referendum held in July 2005.
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In 2018 the council took a lease on Wisbech Castle. The town also elects councillors to Fenland District Council and Cambridgeshire County Council. Wisbech is within the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority. In the May 2019 elections, twelve councillors were returned without a vote to Fenland District Council, which topped the Electoral Reform Society's list of 'rotten boroughs'.
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Conservatives in blue, Labour in red and independent in grey. The 2003 Fenland District Council election took place on 1 May 2003 to elect members of Fenland District Council in Cambridgeshire, England. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 1999. The Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.
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March is a Fenland market town and civil parish in the Isle of Ely area of Cambridgeshire, England. It was the county town of the Isle of Ely which was a separate administrative county from 1889 to 1965. It is now the administrative centre of Fenland District Council. The town grew by becoming an important railway centre.
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It has a network of dykes which support a diverse variety of aquatic plants, and its fenland invertebrate fauna is of national importance.
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The out-flowing water passed between this ice and the Wolds to the north arm of Lake Fenland. At Kirkham, the junction between the two lakes was narrow but the extent to which they were strictly separate varied with time. Initially, the surface of Lake Pickering was higher than that of Lake Fenland, but the surface of Lake Fenland was at to or a little above. This is the altitude of the highest point on its spillway, at the head of the River Wissey, a level verifiable by looking for old shore-lines around The Fens.
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The Lynn News is published by Iliffe Media and appears each Tuesday and Friday in King's Lynn, Norfolk, England. It was previously owned by Johnston Press, but in January 2017 it was bought by Iliffe Media, along with 12 other titles for £17m. Since then it has been printed in Cambridge. Sister newspapers include the Cambridge Independent and the Fenland Citizen in Fenland.
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Friday Bridge is a village in Elm civil parish, part of the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire, England. It is 3 miles south of Wisbech.
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Fen Drayton was traditionally an agricultural village, like many in Cambridgeshire, surrounded by fenland. The land is very flat and so it regularly floods.
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In the Wisbech and Fenland Museum is a pillar piscina that was formerly in the church. It was donated to the museum in 1872.
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1997–2010: The District of Fenland, the District of East Cambridgeshire wards of Downham, Littleport, and Sutton, and the City of Peterborough wards of Eye, Newborough, and Thorney. Minor loss to South East Cambridgeshire. 2010–present: The District of Fenland, and the District of East Cambridgeshire wards of Downham Villages, Littleport East, Littleport West, and Sutton. The City of Peterborough wards were returned to the constituency thereof.
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Hilgay village sits on a raised isle, some above the surrounding fenland. Its elevation has become more pronounced as the draining of the fenland has caused the ground to shrink. It was notable in Saxon and early Norman times for the large numbers of fish and eels found there. Hilgay Old Bridge still crosses the river, but the newer A10 road bypass crosses just below it.
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Wisbech Town F.C. is an English football club currently based in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire. The club are currently members of the and play at the Fenland Stadium.
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Little Thetford is a small village in the civil parish of Thetford, south of Ely in Cambridgeshire, England, about by road from London. The village is built on a boulder clay island surrounded by flat fenland countryside, typical of settlements in this part of the East of England. During the Mesolithic era, the fenland basin was mostly dry and forested, although subject to salt and fresh water incursions. The marshes and meres of this fenland may therefore have been difficult to occupy, other than seasonally, but there is evidence of human settlement on the island since the late Neolithic Age; a Bronze Age causeway linked the village with the nearby Barway, to the south-east.
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Reach is a small village and civil parish on the edge of the fenland in East Cambridgeshire, England at the north end of Devil's Dyke, about west of Burwell.
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Five local authorities maintain of assets of community value in Cambridgeshire; Cambridge City Council, South Cambridgeshire District Council, East Cambridgeshire District Council, Fenland District Council and Huntingdonshire District Council.
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Many of the victims of the 1832 cholera epidemic are buried here. It is now Tillery Park owned by the C of E and maintained by Fenland District Council.
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The new stadium. Having previously played on several different grounds after their formation in 1920, in 1947 the club moved to Fenland Park, a former orchard in Walsoken.History Wisbech Town FC At the start of the 1957–58 season, Fenland Park's record attendance of 8,044 was set on 25 August 1957 for a match against local rivals Peterborough United. In the 2000s the club began to make plans for a new stadium.
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Wisbech & Fenland Museum, Museum Square opened on its current site in 1847. The Friends of Wisbech and Fenland Museum supports the museum with Grants for acquisitions, and assists with research programmes, conservation, publishing and new technologies throughout the Museum. Wisbech Castle was donated to the Isle of Ely County Council by the family of the former education director and is now run by the town council. It is used as a community asset and hosts educational and other activities.
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In total 292 candidates stood in the election. Only the Labour Party and the Conservative Party contested all 69 seats on the council. The Liberal Democrats stood 61 candidates, not standing in four divisions in Fenland and only contesting one seat in some two-member divisions. The United Kingdom Independence Party stood 52 candidates, including a full slate in Huntingdonshire, although two nominated candidates in Fenland withdrew before the deadline and did not appear on the ballot.
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For the manor at Warboys the total tax assessed was ten geld. By 1086 there was already a church and a priest at Warboys and it was amongst the lands of the Abbey of St. Benedict at Ramsey. The north-east part is fenland, with the higher land to the south composed of stiff clay. The land falls from about above sea-level in the south to in the fenland of the north and north-east.
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Whittlesey is an English town east of Peterborough in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire. Its population of 16,058 at the 2011 Census included the neighbouring villages of Coates, Eastrea, Pondersbridge and Turves.
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Wisbech Art Club was formed in 1933 and holds exhibitions at venues in the town including Wisbech & Fenland Museum and Wisbech Castle. Regular meetings are now (2020) held at Wisbech Town Football club.
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The castle project is run by a Castle Management committee of Wisbech Town council and a Castle Working Party of councillors and volunteers. In November 2019 an open day was held at the castle to mark the 10th anniversaries of the 2009 dig and the formation of Fenland Archaeological Society (FenArch). The finds from the 2009 dig, now held by Wisbech & Fenland Museum, were loaned for the exhibition. There have been school visits, and the property is licensed for civil weddings.
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N & A Goodman 1881 Handbook of Fen skating. London. E Porter 1969 Fenland skating. Cambridgeshire, Huntingdon and Peterborough Life, February issue. J Slater and A Bunch 2000 Fen speed skating: an illustrated history. March.
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Known as Stantun in the 11th century, Staunton and Stanton Gisbrit de Gant in the 13th century, the name Fenstanton (and Fennystanton) appeared from the 14th century. The name "Fenstanton" means "fenland stone enclosure".
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The handbills are in the Wisbech & Fenland Museum collection. In November 1813 she performed as Donna Violante opposite Charles Kemble as Don Felix in The Wonder! A Woman Keeps a Secret! at the Theatre, Newark.
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The wingspan is about 34 mm. The ab. florida Schmidt (10 c) appears to be only a brightly coloured and well-marked form [ of Diarsia rubi ]. It may be a fenland ecotype of rubi. Warren.
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In 1991 Pryor published his first book about Flag Fen, entitled Flag Fen: Prehistoric Fenland Centre, as one of a series co-produced by English Heritage and B.T. Batsford. The final monograph on the site – entitled The Flag Fen Basin: Archaeology and environment of a Fenland Landscape – was published in 2001 as an English Heritage Archaeological Report. The report is now available online through the Archaeology Data Service. Pryor has followed this with a third book on the site, published by Tempus in 2005.
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Hugh Brogan's biography of Clarkson. (May require log in) He was buried in the village on 2 October at St Mary's Church. The Clarkson chest and Clarkson Collection are now on display in Wisbech & Fenland Museum.
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In the 1930s Swinnerton was a member of the Fenland Research Committee, contributing valuable knowledge of the geomorphology of the Lincolnshire coast. In 1942 he was awarded the Murchison Medal of the Geological Society of London.
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Skertchly sent Charles Darwin a copy of his Geology of the Fenland in 1878. Darwin replied with a gift of his Origin of Species.Darwin Correspondence Project. Letters 11379 and 11429 to Charles Darwin from S.B.J. Skertchly.
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In the early 1930s the pioneer of British Mesolithic archaeology, Grahame Clark collaborated with the botanists Harry and Margaret Godwin to gain a deeper understanding of the environment of past societies by integrating archaeological findings with new scientific techniques in geology and plant sciences. They formed the Fenland Research Committee to study the effect of post-glacial environmental changes on Fenland Mesolithic communities, and their first major collaboration was excavation of Shippea Hill. The site is on private land with no public access. It has been filled in and is now a field.
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Cattle and other livestock were also grazed on the meadow, heath and other marginal land around the fens. This removed any invading species, prevented ecological succession from occurring and preserved the diversity of the fenland. However, with the industrialisation of farming and the wider use of fossil fuels the traditional use and management of the Fen began to decline. In 1954 Redgrave and Lopham Fens was given the status as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) due to the nationally important presence of the fen raft spider and the diversity of its fenland.
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A map of Cambridgeshire, showing the Districts, clockwise from the top left: Peterborough; Fenland; East Cambridgeshire; South Cambridgeshire; Cambridge; and Huntingdonshire. A civil parish is a country subdivision, forming the lowest unit of local government in England. There are 263 civil parishes in the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, most of the county being parished; Cambridge is completely unparished; Fenland, East Cambridgeshire, South Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire are entirely parished. At the 2001 census, there were 497,820 people living in the 263 parishes, accounting for 70.2 per cent of the county's population.
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This was interpreted as reflecting population bottlenecks caused by ditch cleaning, and the tendency for dispersal to occur downstream. Pond snails such as Lymnaea stagnalis may consume fen pondweed, but it is rather unpalatable compared to other aquatic plants. Globally and in Britain, fen pondweed is considered Least Concern. However, it is a protected feature of several fenland nature reserves in Britain, both in its own right and as a characteristic species of fenland habitat and the Habitats Directive habitats "Hard oligotrophic lakes with Chara" and "Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion".
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Part II. Fungi from chalky soil, uncultivated mountain peat, and the "black earth" of the reclaimed fenland. Annales Mycologici. 12(1):33-62 It is from the section Restricti. Aspergillus conicus has been reported as a human pathogen.
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Fauna Europaea The habitat consists of damp fenland. The wingspan is 15–20 mm. The forewings are brownish ochreous.Hants Moths Adults are on wing from June to July and again from September to October in two generations per year.
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Benwick is a village and civil parish in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire, England. It is approximately from Peterborough and from Cambridge. The population of Benwick was recorded as 1137 in the United Kingdom Census 2011 with 452 households.
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Waterland is a 1983 novel by Graham Swift, set in the Fenland of eastern England. It won the Guardian Fiction Prize, and was shortlisted for the Booker Prize. In 1992, it was adapted into a film, starring Jeremy Irons.
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Probably religious, it comprises a large number of poles arranged in five long rows, connecting Whittlesey with Peterborough across the wet fenland. The museum exhibits many of the artefacts found, including what is believed to be the oldest wheel in Britain.
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Fenland Flying School website Annually the aerodrome also stages various public air display shows and other public events around aviation. The aerodrome is also close by to RAF Holbeach Air Weapons Range located along the Lincolnshire coastline on The Wash.
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Typical fenland farmland on the east of town Sugar beet was first grown as an English crop in the Fenland east of Bourne by British Sugar Ltd. It had been developed in Germany and France in the early 19th century. Although Britain's demand for sugar was mostly fulfilled by European beet imports until shortly after 1900, the successful sugar beet production in areas such as that around Twenty, fulfilled the nation's sugar requirements during the 20th century's two world wars. Much of Bourne's 19th-century affluence came from the corn-trade boom that followed the mechanisation of fen drainage.
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At one time it is thought that there were two Roman waterways that ran to a junction within the parish. The Aylmer CanalThe Fenland Project Number 9 by M Waller (1994): Flandrian Environmental Change in Fenland (Cambridge, Cambridgeshire Archaeological Committee) was constructed between 43 AD and 409 AD and was used for transport and communication through the local area. The environment around the canal during the Roman period of occupation is uncertain, but it may have been waterlogged silts or peat lands. It is thought that the canal was partially washed away by a sea inundation during the 2nd or 3rd century.
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It is part of a Special Area of Conservation, Fenland SAC, which includes two other fragments of wild fenland in Cambridgeshire: Wicken Fen (about 38 miles from Woodwalton) and Chippenham Fen. As part of the Great Fen Project, Woodwalton Fen is being connected to Holme Fen via habitat restoration of land which has been under arable cultivation. The Great Fen Project started with the purchase of 82 hectares of land (Darlows Farm), to the north of Woodwalton Fen in 2002. The Cambridge Geological Society designed the Fen Edge Trail that runs along what used to be the maritime coast of England.
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Typical Fenland windpump typical Fenland sluice As the drainage succeeded in its general purpose, albeit with many technical difficulties, the level of the land sank as it dried out, negating the achievement. It then became necessary to introduce windpumps (hundreds in all) to lift the water from the fields into the drainage ditches and rivers. The windpumps had to be replaced over time with more efficient steam-powered and then diesel-powered pumps. The system also depended on a number of sluices (locks) to prevent flooding at high tide or to control the flow of water within the system.
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The name may refer to a river named Spalding, derived from the Old English spald "ditch or fenland river", which also gave its name to the village of Spaldington. The River Spalding is not recorded, but would be the river now known as the River Foulness. The name may also be derived from the tribe known as the Spalda mentioned in the 7th century Tribal Hidage, which gave rise to the tribe or district known as the Spaldingas, the "dwellers by the Spald". If that explanation is correct, Spald could refer to some other fenland river or rivers.
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The legal beginning of Nieuwlande was on 30 March 1816. On this date the shareholders of Zwinderen market sold a parcel of 337.5 acres of fenland to Rudolph Otto van Echten and to Warner de Jonge and Hugo Christiaan Carsten in Hoogeveen.
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Paul Watkins, Stamford. (1990) . Appendix IV. In some parts of the world, the embankment would be called a levee. The soak is the ground water in the peat or silt of the fenland, though the term is often used to mean water table.
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The station replaced its 73-year-old predecessor and is vital to the flood risk management of of surrounding Fenland and 20,000 residential properties. When running at full capacity, it is capable of draining five Olympic-size swimming pools every 2 minutes.
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Frithville is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population is 549, increasing at the 2011 Census to 568. It is situated on the B1183 road, approximately north from Boston, and in the West Fen fenland area.
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Anania perlucidalis, the fenland pearl, is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1809 and is found in Europe. The wingspan is 21–23 mm. The moth flies from June to August depending on the location.
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Tydd Gote is an English village, partly, at the north, in the civil parish of Tydd St Mary of the South Holland District of Lincolnshire, and partly, at the south, in the civil parish of Tydd St Giles of the Fenland District of Cambridgeshire.
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In March 2008 planning permission was granted by King's Lynn and West Norfolk Borough Council to build a new ground on a site on the northern outskirts of the town. In September 2008 the club left Fenland Park, and started playing at Outwell Swift's Nest ground after installing a seated stand, floodlights and terracing. Construction began on the new ground in January 2010, with the first match, a 5–0 win over St Andrews in the FA Cup extra-preliminary round, taking place on 14 August 2010. Fenland Park was subsequently used for housing, with an estate named Fenmen Place built on the site.
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There are two free newspapers distributed within the town and online, the Wisbech Standard (owned by Archant) and the' Fenland Citizen (owned by Iliffe Media). Several free local magazines are published online and distributed: The fens (monthly), Discovering Wisbech (monthly), The Wisbech Post (quarterly), and the Fenland Resident (quarterly). According to a study looking into immigration patterns, Wisbech was once identified as the seventh "most English" town in Britain by Sky News. However, on 16 February 2008 a report in the Daily Express titled "Death of a Country Idyll" wrote about how the influx of Eastern European immigrants may have caused an increase in crime.
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Storey, E. (1969 & 1970) North Bank Night Chatto & Windus; one of very few in the series to have a second impression printed. In one of his early works Portrait of the Fen Country (1971) he reflected upon his childhood understanding of the world as it was shaped by his fenland experience. In Fen Boy First (1992) published by Robert Hale Ltd he gave an account of his childhood growing up in Whittlesey, and in Fen Country Christmas (1995) he collected a number of stories, legends and fenland superstitions. He was one of the founder members of the John Clare Society and the literature panel of the Eastern Arts Association.
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To the west, again running north-east—south-west, is a scarp belt of middle-Jurassic sedimentary rocks including limestone and sandstone.Darby (1940) p. 3 fig. 1 The flat fenland countryside around the village, typical for this part of the region, lies about above sea-level.
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Wards from 1 April 1974 (first election 7 June 1973) to 6 May 1976: Wards from 6 May 1976 to 1 May 2003:legislation.gov.uk - The District of Fenland (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1975. Retrieved on 19 November 2015. Wards from 1 May 2003 to 7 May 2015:legislation.gov.
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The road meets the B1040 and B1167 at roundabouts. Near Thorney Toll, the road enters Cambridgeshire and the district of Fenland near the New Toll Service Station. The straight road finishes at Guyhirn, meeting the B1187 and crossing and following the River Nene and the Nene Way.
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The use of the French-seeming Eau as the name of a Fenland river is not unique. It appears to have arisen in the eighteenth century. The earlier term was Ea, which arises from an Anglo-Danish word for river. Compare the Danish aa, nowadays written å.
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The Wisbech Players is an amateur theatre group based in Wisbech, Isle of Ely. The Players' aim is to offer a broad base of productions, usually two or three per year. The society is affiliated to the National Operatic and Dramatic Association (NODA) and Fenland Arts.
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Fen Causeway or the Fen Road is the modern name for a Roman road of England that runs between Denver, Norfolk in the east and Peterborough in the west.Codrington, T., Roman Roads in Britain (1903).Phillips, C.W. The Fenland in Roman Times. Royal Geographical Society (1970).
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Wisbech St Mary is a small village, west of the town of Wisbech the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire, England. and lies between two roads, the B1169 and the A47. The population (including Guyhirn and Thorney Toll) of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 3,556.
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The county is now divided between Cambridgeshire County Council and Peterborough City Council, which since 1998 has formed a separate unitary authority. In the county there are five district councils, Cambridge City Council, East Cambridgeshire District Council, Fenland District Council, Huntingdonshire District Council and South Cambridgeshire District Council.
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Aldreth is a hamlet in Cambridgeshire with about 260 residents (2001 census). It is located near the larger village of Haddenham (where the population is listed) and falls under the same Parish council. Aldreth is surrounded by fenland on all sides and is close to the River Great Ouse.
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Harpur-Crewe's plant collection are in the Natural History Museum whilst his letters are at Kew Gardens. The Wisbech and Fenland Museum also has a small collection of Crewe's plants. A miniature yellow double leafed wallflower Erysimum cheiri was rediscovered by Harpur-Crewe and is now named "Harpur Crewe".
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The museum is open on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays and Bank Holidays between roughly Easter and the end of October each year. There is access to all exhibits for the disabled. An admission fee is charged. The museum uses one of the wagons for organised trips in the nearby Fenland.
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Within the region, Great Yarmouth has the highest truancy rate with 6.7% persistent truants, followed by Fenland (Cambridgeshire) with 6.3%. St Edmundsbury (Suffolk) has the lowest persistent truancy rate with 2.0%. There are twenty seven FE colleges (FECs) in the region. The largest FE college is Suffolk New College.
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Fulbourn is a village in Cambridgeshire, England with evidence of settlement dating back to Neolithic times. The village was probably established under its current name by 1200. The waterfowl-frequented stream after which it was named lies in the east, close to the division between arable and fenland.
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"Geology of Britain" (map), British Geological Survey. Retrieved 27 August 2020. Scholars working on the Fenland Project have suggested that the tidal system present in the Wash would not usually produce a barrier island and that the Tofts was therefore likely created through human processes. Regardless, by c.
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In 1998, Leach was ordained as a presbyter in the Methodist Church of Great Britain. From 1996 to 2001, she was a circuit minister, with her early ministry spent in the Fenland Methodist Circuit. Since joining Wesley House, she has been a minister of the Cambridge Methodist Circuit.
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Research by the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments published in 1972 confirmed the work of Major Gordon Fowler of the Fenland Research Committee that the Cambridgeshire lodes were of Roman origin; they were excavated to provide navigation to a series of villages to the east of the River Cam, and probably also drainage of the surrounding fenland. The infrastructure was completed by the Car Dyke, which linked Waterbeach on the River Cam to the River Witham near Lincoln, some away. The term "Lode" denoted a watercourse in Late Middle English, being derived from the Old English "lād," meaning way or course. It did not acquire its modern meaning of a vein of metal ore until the early 17th century.
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A poster in the Wisbech & Fenland Museum printed by Poyser's records that the building was put up for auction as "The Old Theatre", to be sold by Johnson & Easter on 7 July 1921 at the White Lion hotel. At this time it had a pedestrian entrance from Crescent Passage. The stable, coach house and yard were occupied by Dr C. H.Gunson. In 1978, the theatre building was 'rediscovered' by several drama enthusiasts looking for a space to rehearse their productions, and they renovated it as the Angles Theatre. On 25 November 1978 a civic opening was attended by the Mayor of Wisbech and chairman of Fenland District Council and presided over by Anton Rogers.
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William Hilton, a son of the portrait painter William Hilton Snr of Lincoln, one of the company's scenery painters, was encouraged by Robertson to pursue a career as an artist; he rose to become a Royal Academician and, in gratitude for her assistance, later painted Fanny Robertson in the role of Beatrice. In 1866 the painting was in the Wisbech Working Men's Institute. William Hilton Snr was credited on theatre handbills for creating scenery for the Robertsons from 1818 to the 1820s.Handbill for The Carib Chief, 5 May 1820, collection of Wisbech & Fenland Museum The Wisbech & Fenland Museum has a collection of over two hundred theatre posters, handbills and other items from the Georgian theatre in Wisbech.
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FAME expresses its views on national and local issues directly affecting its members. Recent examples have included the publication of government guidance on planning and archaeology, job losses in archaeology, the Fenland debate, the findings of the Southport Group, and the growing crisis of undeposited archaeological archives held by member organisations.
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The Wisbech Canal was a broad canal near Wisbech in the Fenland area of Cambridgeshire, England. It ran from the River Nene at Wisbech to the Well Creek at Outwell in Norfolk, which gave access to the River Great Ouse. It was abandoned in 1926 and filled in during the 1970s.
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Of the Bourne to Colsterworth road, Young said we were every moment either buried in quagmires of mud or racked to dislocation over pieces of rock which they term mending. Materials and methods for repairing fenland roads are described by Wheeler. The best material available was dug locally from pits.
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Benwick Parish Council consists of seven members; elections are held every four years, the last were in 2015.Benwick Parish Council. Retrieved 28 March 2016 Benwick is represented on Fenland District Council. Benwick is part of the parliamentary constituency of North East Cambridgeshire; the current Member of Parliament is Stephen Barclay.
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394 Fiskerton has received international archaeological attention on a number of occasions over the last two centuries following discoveries of Iron Age artefacts buried in the fenland peat that surrounds the village. In 1826 a fine, metre-long decorative shield was discovered in the River Witham, near Washingborough.Stead, Ian, 1985, 1996.
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9th century), who located Fenland (wetland) to the east of the White Sea in Western Siberia. The older Russian name Ostyak is from Khanty as-kho 'person from the Ob (as) River,' with -yak after other ethnic terms like Permyak.M. Vasmer, Etimologicheskii slovar russkogo yazyka, Vol. III (Moscow, 1971), p. 167.
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144 Ivo was a Cornish saint.Hart, "Eadnoth I", p. 622 Rumours of a Persian link came about when Withman, Abbot of Ramsey, heard in the Holy Land of a Persian bishop named Ivo; subsequently the link to the Fenland Ivo was written down by Goscelin of St Bertin.Hart, "Eadnoth I", p.
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Holme Fen is at the south-western edge of the former Whittlesey Mere, which has been drained. The Great Fen Project aims to reconnect Holme Fen with nearby Woodwalton Fen, another vestigial fragment of wild fenland. Holme approximately marks the south-western limit of Stage 2 of the Great Fen Project.
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Holbeach is a fenland market town in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire, England. The town lies from Spalding; from Boston; from King's Lynn; from Peterborough; and by road from the county town of Lincoln. It is on the junction of the A151 and A17. The main High Street is the B1515.
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Some examples of these roofed walls still stand today and are claimed to be unique in Fenland. Clay walls predate the introduction of brick tax in other parts of the country, and some were thatched. Whittlesey had a large number of public houses.Millennium Memories of Whittlesey – a series of books on Whittlesey history.
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In the 17th century, a Dutch engineer, Cornelius Vermuyden, began to drain the fenland. One of the earliest dykes cut was the Highland Drain, which runs parallel to the Thorney Road. More efficient drainage systems have led the way to mixed and arable farming. Today the main crops are cereals and sugar beet.
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Handbill in the Wisbech & Fenland Museum collection In 1828 he married the Danish-born actress Margharetta Elisabetta née Marinus (died 1876). Her father taught languages in London, and she spoke English with no trace of a foreign accent. At the age of 17, she had joined the Robertsons' company, where she met Robertson.
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Thwaite, Anthony, "Brian Hitch obituary", The Independent, 23 August 2004. The school has recently produced a number of actresses including Zara DawsonWithey, Sally, "The famous old boys and girls from Norfolk Independent schools", Eastern Daily Press, 18 March 2010. and Claire Goose."Norfolk youth's gold winners – Claire Goose hands out Duke of Edinburgh's gold awards", Eastern Daily Press, 29 June 2006. Other alumni include author John Gordon(1925-2017), known for his children's novel The Giant Under The Snow;Fenland fantasy leads the field, wgs.cambs.sch.uk. Retrieved 2 October 2010. economist Professor Stephen Littlechild, who developed the price-cap system of electricity regulation;University of East Anglia honours, Fenland Citizen, 14 May 2004.The International Who's Who 2004. Edition 16. Europa Publications, Routledge, 2003.
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Two Cessna aircraft (type Cessna 172M Skyhawk and a Cessna 150M) and in the far distance a Piper PA-28 Cherokee Arrow aircraft parked at Fenland Airfield, March 2008. SIAI-Marchetti S.205-20/R aircraft taxiing on the grass runway at Fenland Airfield, May 2017. The airfield provides a wide range of facilities for pilots and pilot students from throughout Lincolnshire and its neighbouring counties Norfolk and Cambridgeshire, including a restaurant service, aircraft refueling for 'fly-in' visitors, aircraft charter, and aircraft maintenance services by licensed onsite aircraft maintenance and avionics technicians. Pilot flight training is conducted in the school's own fleet of United Kingdom (G) registered light aircraft, consisting of types Cessna 152, Cessna 172 Skyhawk's and a SIAI-Marchetti S.205-20/R.
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The house where he was born (which is also the tourist information office) can be visited. The village is surrounded by fenland and fields of sunflowers, pumpkins, and wheat. Črnec Creek, a tributary of the Ledava, flows past the settlement. The best way to explore the area is by cycling or walking the numerous trails.
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The River Strine is a tributary of the River Tern flowing through the Telford and Wrekin district of Shropshire in England. The river drains the Weald Moors a fenland area north of Telford, and also takes runoff from Newport and Lilleshall. Tributaries of the Strine include the Pipe Strine, Red Strine, and Wall Brook.
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Christchurch is a village in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire, England. The population (including Tipp's End) of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 833. The village is sited close to the Cambridgeshire/Norfolk border. Christchurch has a small church, The Church of Christ, which was built in 1863 and consecrated in 1865.
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This municipality includes Ankeveen, Breukeleveen, 's-Graveland, Kortenhoef, Muyeveld, Nederhorst den Berg, Nieuw-Loosdrecht and Oud-Loosdrecht. Some of this area is fenland. Since then this area has also been considered to be part of Het Gooi, although historically not all of it was. Pasture land called the Utrechtse weilanden lies to the south.
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By the 19th century, the house was occupied by the banker, businessman and solicitor Benjamin Handley (1754–1828).The Lincolnshire Magazine. 2. 1934 (Lindsey Local History Society). p. 81 He was Treasurer of the Sleaford Navigation and solicitor to the enclosure commission for Sleaford and several fenland villages, through which service he "amassed a great fortune".
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Gilbert is the only English Saint to have founded a monastic order, the Gilbertines.Official site of Lincolnshire, p. 4 Sempringham consists of a church and a holy well, with other houses east from the church scattered along the B1177 between Pointon and Billingborough. The church stands at an altitude of about , on land rising out of flat fenland.
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Gorefield as a developing village dates to the 19th and 20th centuries. The Church of St Paul was built in 1870 at a cost of £2,000 with the formation of the ecclesiastical parish of Gorefield from Leverington under the Leverington Rectory Act. In 2004, Gorefield won the Fenland District Award in the Cambridgeshire Village of the Year contest.
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Leverington is a village and civil parish in the Fenland District of Cambridgeshire, England. The settlement is to the north of Wisbech. At the time of the 2001 Census, the parish's population was 2,914 people,Office for National Statistics: Leverington CP: Parish headcounts. Retrieved 12 December 2009 including Four Gotes, increasing to 3,339 at the 2011 Census.
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Folkton Carr, north of Folkton; as with neighbouring Flixton Carr, once this was fenland and earlier still lay below Lake Pickering To the south are the Wolds and further north, across the Carrs and up the hills at the other side of the Vale is Scarborough, beyond which to the north-west are the Yorkshire Moors.
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At both sites, populations are small, and vary in size from year to year. It typically grows in shallow, nutrient-rich water at the edge of bodies of water and fenland drains. It is an annual plant, or a short-lived perennial, and the seeds may remain viable for some years, sometimes germinating after the ground has been disturbed.
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100pxDunhams Wood is a privately owned broadleaved woodland that is occasionally open to the public. The area was planted over a period of 6 years starting in 1985. It is located approximately outside March, Cambridgeshire in Fenland. The area was initially owned by Margaret and Arthur Dunham, who opened the woodlands to the public during the summer.
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In years when the tulips are late, daffodils or hyacinths were sometimes used in their place. When the tulips were early, crepe paper had to be substituted. The flower industry has become less important since the early 21st century. The bands of brightly coloured tulip fields in bloom in spring that covered the fenland have decreased markedly.
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To secure the construction, the cathedral's foundation was strengthened by driving 25,000 piles into the fenland of Saint Petersburg. Innovative methods were created to erect the giant columns of the portico. The construction costs of the cathedral totalled an incredible sum of 1 000 000 gold rubles. Under the Soviet government, the building was stripped of religious trappings.
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In India, in Himachal Pradesh, it is found over only and in Sikkim over only. At lower elevations, these butterflies fly from March to September; at higher elevations, they are limited by the short summer seasons. The British subspecies P. m. brittanicus is less mobile than its European continental counterpart and stays within, or close by, its fenland habitat.
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Common so-called Estuary English features such as L-vocalisation, T glottalisation and Th-fronting give today's Peterborough accent a definite south-eastern sound.Britain, David Surviving Estuary English: Innovation diffusion, koineisation and local dialect differentiation in the English Fenland Essex Research Reports in Linguistics, vol.41 (pp.74–103) University of Essex, Department of Language and Linguistics, 2002.
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Soltis, Small scale Farmers, Foresters and workers and 1 English Teacher. Principal Production. Potatoes, Corn, Sweetcorn, Dairy and Pork Products Although contained within the national park as the north shore, the biodiversity is changing due to the elevated groundwater levels. This is to say that what was productive arable farmland is rapidly making way to freshwater fenland/marginal fauna.
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Village green with part of the Thetford catchwater drain on the left There are many man-made waterways, or Lodes nearby, including Wicken Lode and Soham Lode. Researchers suggest the Fenland Lodes are Roman in origin—almost certainly Soham Lode.Astbury (1958) p. 171 Other researchers disagree, presenting a case for such lodes being Anglo-Saxon or later.
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Like many Fenland towns, March was once an island surrounded by marshes. It occupied the second largest "island" in the Great Level. As the land drained, the town grew and prospered as a trading and religious centre. It was also a minor port before, in more recent times, a market town and an administrative and railway centre.
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Setchey SSSI is a geological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of King's Lynn in Norfolk. It is a Geological Conservation Review site. This site throws light on sea level changes in the Holocene, the period since the end of the last ice age, 11,700 years ago. It is part of a network of Fenland sites which allows correlation across the area.
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Into these areas of fenland protrude sandy ridges covered in heath vegetation. Without management these communities become invaded by sallow and develop into scrubland. To maintain site diversity, this has been allowed to occur in some areas of the Fen. Cladium mariscus These habitats maintain a community of plants and animals, with the site being particularly known for its diversity of invertebrate species.
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Northern local policing headquartered at Thorpe Wood, covers the city of Peterborough and the district of Fenland. It is supervised by a local senior management team headed by Superintendent Andy Gipp. Southern local policing is headquartered at Parkside, and it covers the districts of Cambridge City, South Cambridgeshire, East Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire. Its senior management team is headed by Superintendent James Sutherland.
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3 fig. 1 The flat fenland countryside around the village, typical for this part of the region, lies about above sea-level. The highest point in the village is above sea- level and the highest point in the area is at Ely, seven-mile () north-east. In contrast, the highest point in Cambridgeshire, above sea-level, is at Great Chishill, almost due south.
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A model of a woad mill is on display in Wisbech & Fenland museum. A village public house, The White Lion, closed in 1993 In 2016 Newton reverted to its earlier name of Newton-in-the-Isle A further public house, The Woadman's Arms, which derived its name from the woad that was grown in the village until the 19th century, closed in 2017.
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The Isle of Ely and Wisbech Advertiser was founded in 1845. The new Wisbech & Fenland Museum building opened in 1847 and continues to collect, care for and interpret the natural and cultural heritage of Wisbech and the surrounding area. On 1 March 1848 Eastern Counties Railway opened Wisbeach (sic) station (later renamed Wisbech East railway station). It closed on 9 September 1968.
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Eadnoth the Younger was the son of Æthelstan Mannessune by a kinswoman of Oswald, Bishop of Worcester and Archbishop of York.Wareham, "St Oswald's Family", pp. 49–50 His father came from family of hereditary Fenland priests from in or around the Isle of Ely. Æthelstan had lands in Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire and Bedfordshire, with "outlying" [Hart] estates in Norfolk and Lincolnshire.
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It would presumably be related to the unrecorded Anglo-Saxon ' (to cleave) (OHG ') so the meaning of the noun would be "cleft" or "ravine".Ekwall, E. (1940) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place- names; 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press; p. 412 However, as there are no ravines in the fenland, all of the above should be treated with caution.
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Examples of brick from Gestingthorpe and Ballingdon can also be found, both Suffolk whites and reds. Flint is used as an infill or in walling. Where stone is found it was largely imported from Barnack, near Peterborough. This was transported along the Fenland waterways and brought into Suffolk, either overland from Cambridge or possibly by sail to Manningtree and then up the Stour.
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Ray DaSilva, founder of the Norwich Puppet Theatre;Norwich Puppet Theatre. Retrieved 20 October 2010; Richard Blakesley, joint inventor of the Kymera wand, which won £200,000 backing on Dragons' Den"Wizard idea for TV winner", Fenland Citizen, 14 September 2010. Mike Stevens, musical director and record producer, and Will Millard, writer, explorer and presenter of BBC2's Hunters of the South Seas..
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The origin of the Tofts is unclear. It is probable that in the Roman period of occupation, the terrain between Sibsey and East and West Keal represented the edge of a basin which contained fenland, salt marshes and tidal flats.Simmons (2015), p. 11. The British Geological Survey states that the sea-facing edge of the Tofts is made of storm beach deposits.
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The industrial estate is known as Eastern Industry. Peterborough Power Station is located here. Flag Fen, the Bronze Age archaeological site, was discovered here in 1982 when a team led by Dr. Francis Pryor carried out a survey of dykes in the area. Probably religious, it comprises many poles arranged in five long rows, connecting Whittlesey with Peterborough across the wet fenland.
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Maximilian Gowran Townley (22 June 1864 – 12 December 1942) was a British land agent, agriculturist and politician. He served one term in Parliament as a Conservative, and later campaigned for policies to support agriculture. At the end of his life he chaired the River Great Ouse Catchment Board, where he attempted to prevent damage to Fenland farms caused by regular flooding.
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To the east is a small area of fenland, which extends into Bulphan and the rest is clays and Thames alluvials. The land is very low lying. The field boundaries are wholly rectilinear. In the far north, beyond the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway, it borders the villages of Great Warley, Little Warley and Childerditch in the borough of Brentwood.
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Chippenham Fen and Snailwell Poor's Fen is a 155.9 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-east of Fordham in Cambridgeshire. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, a Ramsar wetland site and a Special Area of Conservation (part of the multi-site Fenland SAC).The SAC includes Wicken Fen and Woodwalton Fen. See It is managed by Natural England.
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The Fenland landscape is a man made environment constructed over many centuries. This fertile land is dominated by agriculture and is dissected by dykes, draining ditches, rivers and embankments. The walk gives walkers the opportunity to see the Fenland's open landscape and skies that contribute to the character of the Fens. The walk has a number of points of historical and wildlife interest.
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Green was born on 2 June 1953, in Chatteris, Cambridgeshire, a small fenland town. His father was a farmer and so Green's first experience of work was helping out around the family farm.Lloyd, p. 25. He attended Cromwell School where he was keen on football and cross country running, but took up boxing in 1967 after joining the Chatteris Amateur Boxing Club.
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Manea is a village and civil parish in the District of Fenland, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire, England. The population (including Welches Dam) of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 2,088. Significant landmarks are Manea railway station and RSPB Welches Dam nature reserve on the Ouse Washes.RSPB reserves guide: Ouse Washes Manea men's football team compete in local leagues and cup competitions.
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1662/3, P.G. Dennis, The Registers of North Luffenham (1896), sub anno. at least eleven of whose children were baptised at North Luffenham between 1655 and 1675.P.G. Dennis, The Registers of North Luffenham (1896), pp. 22–27. Two of their children apparently founded dynasties whose works in Surveying, Fenland Engineering, Mathematics, Instrument-Making, Architecture and Astronomy continued through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
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The company was taken over by Hambro Countrywide in November 1986Being known as Countrywide Assured. since 1998, a Preston based company owned by Chesnara.Chesnara. He served as a member of the Wisbech Town Council from 1979 to 1983, being Mayor from 1982 to 1983. From 1983 to 1987, he was a member of the Fenland District Council, then from 1985 to 1988 of the Cambridgeshire County Council.
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The habitats present at Redgrave and Lopham are characteristic of areas of valley mire. This ecosystem creates a zonation of vegetation types, producing a diverse range of habitat. Dry marginal woodland becomes fen grassland, dominated by purple moor-grass, which grades into mixed fenland of reed and sedge beds. This grassland is particularly notable at Redgrave and Lopham for its areas of saw sedge Cladium mariscus.
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Ramsey Rural Museum is in 17th- century farm buildings on Wood Lane. It is a small museum dedicated to the history of rural Fenland life.Ramsey Rural Museum Every year, over the August Bank Holiday weekend, the town is home to 1940s Ramsey, one of Britain's biggest living history events. The event was held at RAF Upwood until 2011 and is now held at The Camp, Wood Lane.
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Because of his participation in botanical exchanges clubs, there are now Whittaker specimens in many UK museum collections, including those at Bolton, Birmingham, Gloucester and Manchester. The Wisbech and Fenland Museum also has a small collection. The carnivorous sundew species Drosera whittakeri was scientifically described by the French botanist Jules Émile Planchon in 1848. This is commonly known as the scented sundew or Whittaker's sundew.
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Metheringham lies east of the Lincoln Cliff escarpment, on the western edge of fenland that extends south-east towards Boston and The Wash. It lies on the north to south B1188 between Ruskington and Branston, and on the east to west B1202 and B1189. Dunston is to the north, and Scopwick and Blankney are to the south. The railway station is on Station Road (B1189).
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Moulton is a village in the civil parish of The Moultons, in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the B1537 road, east from the centre of Spalding and west from Holbeach. Moulton is the primary village of an extensive Fenland parish, over in length. The civil parish includes the smaller villages of Moulton Chapel, Moulton Seas End and Moulton Eaugate.
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The castle was acquired by Sir Richard Wingfield in 1522. Catherine of Aragon was sent here in April 1534 for refusing to give up her status or deny the validity of her marriage. The fenland climate damaged her health, and she died in the castle in January 1536. The castle was bought by Sir Henry Montagu, later created 1st Earl of Manchester, in 1615.
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Moulton Seas End is a village in an extensive Fenland parish, of over north to south. The civil parish includes the primary parish village of Moulton, and the villages of Moulton Chapel and Moulton Eaugate. In 1885 Moulton Seas End (then just 'Seasend' or 'Seaend') was a hamlet. A school existed in which there was a chapel for worship, constructed by subscription in 1868.
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Elm is a village and civil parish in the Fenland District of Cambridgeshire, England. The parish at the northeast is at the county boundary with Norfolk, and at the northwest, market town of Wisbech. The northern part of Elm village, at Elm Low Road, acts as a suburb of Wisbech. The civil parish had a resident population of 3,295, as recorded during the 2001 United Kingdom census.
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An Elim Pentecostal Church meets in March Community Centre. March Evangelical Fellowship meets on Upwell Road. Fenland Community Church is unique in the local area in focussing on the needs of people with learning difficulties. Roman Catholics are served by weekly masses in the Anglican church in Chatteris, the combined parish of March and Chatteris being dedicated to Our Lady of Good Counsel and St Peter.
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The village is surrounded by open countryside and an industrial estate. It is the first area east of London to not be continuously built up. There are hills rising as high as 100 metres covered in trees, arable fields and fenland of London clay. There are several streams running down from the hills into the Mar Dyke which drains the fens out to the Thames at Purfleet.
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Holbeach Bank is a fenland village in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. It is just under north from the market town of Holbeach, and to the east of the A17 road. The village is almost conjoined at the west to the village of Holbeach Clough. Holbeach Bank is part of the Holbeach civil parish and is at the south-east edge of Holbeach Marsh.
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Effective conservation of this species depends upon protection of its lowland calcareous fenland habitat. Fen pondweed was formerly extinct in the Czech Republic, but has recently been reestablished from the seed bank following desilting of some of its former habitat. It is considered Endangered in Germany and Switzerland, Vulnerable in the Netherlands and is Near Threatened in Sweden. It is protected in several French administrative regions.
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King's Lynn and Wisbeach are focussed on dealing with agricultural products from the surrounding farmland, whilst Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth play an important role in servicing the North Sea energy industries, including the growing offshore wind energy industry.Wisbech Port , Fenland District Council. Retrieved 2013-02-12. A number of smaller ports and leisure harbours, such as at Wells-next-the-Sea and Southwold operate around the region's coast.
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Ordnance survey maps from the 1920s show an agricultural tramway network running from The Holmes on Holmes Lane to fields around Pyes Farm and Marsh Grange. Such tramways often used WW1 narrow gauge trench railway equipment to allow year around access to soft fenland fields. North Somercotes is served by a bus link to Louth. Busses run three times a week on Louth Market days: Wednesday, Friday and Saturday.
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The artefact was found by a Mr. Dresser, whilst digging a ditch on reclaimed fenland, at Little Thetford in 1929. Discovered about down, it consisted of two-parts, connected by the remains of a wooden shaft. The wood remains have not survived; a contemporary wooden shaft has been added by the British Museum for display purposes. The artefact is in the British Museum though is not, as of 2012, on display.
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In 2009 Oxford Archaeology East (OAE) organised a dig at Wisbech Castle to search for remains of the Bishop's Palace. Large numbers of local volunteers took part and hundreds of children visited the dig site. Later in the year a group of volunteers formed Fenland Archaeological Society (FenArch). The Society has carried out a number of digs including the Manea Colony dig organised by Cambridge Archaeology Unit (CAU).
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Accessed 7 May 2007. It lies in the south of the Fens, east of the city of Ely in Cambridgeshire, England, and is home to Prickwillow Museum,Prickwillow Museum which tells the story of the changing face of Fenland. Prickwillow Museum is housed in the old pumping station and contains a major collection of working pumping engines. The village is also home to the Ely Group of Internal Drainage Boards.
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Fenland is a local government district in the Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire, England. Its council is based in March, and it covers the neighbouring market towns of Chatteris, Whittlesey and Wisbech; the last is often called the "Capital of the Fens". The district covers around 500 square kilometres (210.99 square miles) of mostly agricultural land in the extremely flat Fens. The population of the district was 98,262 at the 2011 Census.
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Ham Fen is a nature reserve south of Sandwich in Kent. It is one of Kent Wildlife Trust's nature reserves and is being extended in 2018 by an extra 33 acres. This old fenland site has wet grassland with deep mires, dykes and ditches, and is the last surviving ancient fen habitat in Kent. The reserve was established in 1991 and as of mid-2018 covers over 100 acres.
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Pilgrim Hospital is a large hospital in the east of Lincolnshire on the A16, north of the town of Boston near the mini-roundabout with the A52. It is situated virtually on the Greenwich Meridian and adjacent to Boston High School. The fenland area of Lincolnshire is covered by this hospital, being the county's second largest hospital after Lincoln County Hospital. It is managed by United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust.
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Alderfen Broad is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-east of Norwich in Norfolk. It is managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust. It is part of the Broadland Ramsar site and Special Protection Area and The Broads Special Area of Conservation, This area of fenland peat has open water, alder carr woodland and reedswamp. Breeding birds include the great crested grebe, water rail, grasshopper warbler and reed warbler.
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Tourism in King's Lynn is a minor industry, but attracts visitors to its historic centre. It acts as a base for visiting the Queen's home at Sandringham and other great country houses in the area. Within the town and across the nearby Fenland are some of the finest historic churches in Britain, built in a period when King's Lynn and its hinterland were very wealthy from trade and wool.
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Brian Bolland was born in Butterwick, Lincolnshire, to parents Albert "A.J." John, a fenland farmer, and Lillie Bolland.Bolland, Brian, "On Sale Everywhere" in Joe Pruett (ed.) The Art of Brian Bolland, (Image Comics, 2006), , pp. 10–15 He spent his "first 18 years" living "in a small village near Boston in the fens of Lincolnshire, England," but has "no memory of comics" much before the age of ten.
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His tale was a rewriting of the Peterborough monk's account, according to the taste of the 1860s. The Fens in general, though not around Twenty in particular, are also described in several modern novels, some of them about Hereward. In 1138, Bourne was divided into two manors on the foundation of Bourne Abbey, (charter 1138). Some of the fenland, east of Bourne town, appears to have been allocated to each.
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Doddington Parish Council has nine councillors, and is under the administration of Fenland District Council. Doddington has almost 1000 dwellings. The population of the civil parish at the time of the 2011 census was 2,181. Local amenities includes The Three Tuns and The George public houses, a post office, a few shops, a fish & chip fast food outlet, ladies and gents hairdressers, a doctors' surgery and an NHS minor injuries unit.
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Copies of his manuscripts and papers are deposited at the Wisbech & Fenland Museum and at other museums, Wisbech Library holds copies of his books in the reference library. In 1979 Cambridgeshire Libraries published The Inns & Taverns of Wisbech with a foreword by David G.Rayner although the content had not been updated since the 1950 edition except for the addition of a map. He retired to Norwich where he died in 1980.
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Holbeach Clough (today synonymous with Saracen's Head) is a fenland village in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. It is just under north from the market town of Holbeach, and on the A17 road. The village is almost conjoined at the east to the village of Holbeach Bank. The village is part of the Holbeach civil parish, and is at the south-west edge of Holbeach Marsh.
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Earl of Clarendon, ca 1653 Like Charles, Wyndham invested heavily in fenland reclamation, an undertaking that caused considerable local unrest, constant legal challenges, vast expense, and not completed until the 1650s. These losses forced him to mortgage his estates; in April 1640, he was returned as MP for Bridgwater in the Short Parliament. Elected again in November 1640 to the Long Parliament, he was expelled in January 1641 as a monopolist.
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Such tramways often used WW1 narrow gauge trench railway equipment to allow year around access to soft fenland fields. The area is now a wind farm. Tetney Lock used to be the location of a heliport run by Bristow Helicopters which delivered personnel to North Sea oil and gas rigs, but this is now defunct, having operated from 1965 until the early 1970s. The hangars were converted into a turkey farm.
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Witcham is a small village near Ely in Cambridgeshire, England. The village is surrounded by fenland farms and has a village hall and a 13th-century church dedicated to St Martin. It has a pub called the White Horse, which was the winner of the Ely and District CAMRA Rural Pub of the Year Award 2006, 2010, 2011 and Overall Pub of the Year Award 2011. It also has a fine village green.
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In 1410 a new 'Pons tractabilis' towards the church, a chapel within and a bridge without the castle, also a garden and dove house (destroyed in 1531) all walled around and moated. In 1410 Sir John Colvile was the governor or Constable, a steel seal used by him has a representation of a castle in the form of a fortress, with circular keep. A wax copy may be seen in Wisbech & Fenland Museum.
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Holbeach St Marks is a fenland village in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire, England. It is north from Holbeach, from The Wash, and at the centre of Holbeach Marsh. The village church is dedicated to St Mark, and was built to the designs of Ewan Christian in 1868-69. In 1964 Pevsner mentioned that it was almost a copy of Christian’s Christ Church church at Gedney Dawsmere 4 miles to the east.
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La Brière (translated as Passion and Peat) is a 1923 novel by Alphonse de Chateaubriant that won the Grand prix du roman de l'Académie française for that year. The novel is set in the rustic fenland landscape west of Nantes, known as Brière, in which the traditional occupation of peat-cutting is becoming increasingly unsustainable as the peat runs out. The independence of the local population is threatened by outsiders, who have plans for modernisation.
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The limits of the town of Ramsey and the village of Bury to the south are not clearly defined, with modern housing estates spreading across the urban boundary. The mediæval economy was dominated by garden produce, cloth trade and alehouse keeping. Fisheries also played an important part in the fen economy, along with livestock. Throughout the Middle Ages the waterways of the fenland formed commercial transport routes that ran through the heart of the region.
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Gorefield, St Paul's Church Gorefield is a village and civil parish in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire, England. At the time of the 2001 census, the parish's population was 1,064 people,Office for National Statistics: Gorefield CP: Parish headcounts. Retrieved 12 December 2009 increasing to 1,184 at the 2011 Census. While the name Gorefield first appears in a manuscript from 1190, the village has no visible link to its pre-Victorian past.
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The town nearly added the poet John Clare to its residents when he visited for a job interview. Fen speak ran a series of events funded by the Arts Council, Metal Culture and John Clare Cottage. More recently the town has hosted Fenland Poet Laureate awards (2012 – Elaine Ewerton; 2013 – Leanne Moden; 2014 – Poppy Kleiser; 2015 – Jonathan Totman; 2016 – Mary Livingstone; 2017 – Kate Caoimhe). 'Wisbech Words' holds regular events at Wisbech Castle.
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Stephen was forced to give up his western campaign, returning east to stabilise the situation and protect his capital. At the start of 1140, Nigel, the Bishop of Ely, joined Matilda's faction. Hoping to seize East Anglia, he established his base of operations in the Isle of Ely, then surrounded by protective fenland. Nigel faced a rapid response from Stephen, who made a surprise attack on the isle, forcing the Bishop to flee to Gloucester.
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There are numerous examples of this happening in salt domes all across northern Germany, including a ten-kilometre-long, deep depression over the northeastern part of the Gorleben salt structure itself; in this depression, for example, the 1.75 square kilometre Rudower See lake and the Rambower See formed; the latter is now fenland. In 2010, Angela Merkel's center-right Federal Government lifted the moratorium and restarted the exploration process. Large-scale protests promptly resumed.
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Nigel hoped to seize East Anglia and established his base of operations in the Isle of Ely, then surrounded by protective fenland. Stephen responded quickly, taking an army into the fens and using boats lashed together to form a causeway that allowed him to make a surprise attack on the isle.Bradbury, p.88. Nigel escaped to Gloucester, but his men and castle were captured, and order was temporarily restored in the east.
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Traces of the shore of the lake, which was dammed into the Fenland basin by the ice cap, can still be seen in the wood. This glacial is known in Britain as the Devensian but elsewhere, goes under names such as Vistula, Weichsellian, Würm and Wisconsinan. Plant species which indicate this continuity, such as yellow archangel (Lamiastrum galeobdolon) occur, as do bluebells (Endymion non- scriptus). Conditions at Dole Wood in Thurlby (Grid Ref.
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Bransbury Common Bransbury common is a large stretch of common land between Bransbury and Newton Stacey. It is classified as a SSSI and a nature conservation area. It consists of broadleaved, mixed, and yew woodland, fenland, marshland, swamp, and has the river Dever joining the river Test. It consists of 392 acres of common land and disused water meadows embracing a remarkable range of grass and sedgeland that is probably unparalleled in southern England.
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There is evidence of human settlement at Little Thetford since the Neolithic Age. A 1996 search along the Anglian Water pipeline at Little Thetford—Cawdle Fen uncovered an important and unusually dense concentration of late Neolithic (3000–2201 BC) remains.Edwards (1996) p. 2 This is unusual because, although the fenland basin was dry and forested during the Mesolithic era, the area was sometimes subject to marine incursions, and at other times, fresh-water flooding.
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Tydd Gote is on the north to south A1101 Bury St. Edmunds to Long Sutton road, called Main Road in the South Holland part of the village, and Sutton Road in the Fenland part. It is south- east from the parish village of Tydd St Mary, and north-east from the parish village of Tydd St Giles. Wisbech is to the south and Holbeach to the north- west. The Wash estuary is north-east.
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Grantham is covered by Lincolnshire Enterprise.Lincolnshire Enterprise Outside of the main towns, commercial development has been allocated for Colsterworth and the Roseland Business ParkRoseland Group at Long Bennington on part of the former RAF Bottesford. East Coast Main Line near Uffington The district forms the northern sector of the Peterborough Sub-Region (formed also with Rutland, South Holland, East Northamptonshire, Huntingdonshire and Fenland). Bourne, Stamford and Market Deeping are in Peterborough's Travel to Work Area.
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Flag Fen, east of Peterborough,Pryor 2005. p. 9. England, is a Bronze Age site developed about 3500 years ago, consisting of more than 60,000 timbers arranged in five very long rows, creating a wooden causeway (around 1 km long) across the wet fenland. Part-way across the structure a small island was formed. Items associated with it have led scholars to conclude that the island was a site of religious ceremonies and significance.
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The village and parish is traversed by drainage channels which characterize this part of Fenland Norfolk. The eastern corner of the parish is cut north to south by the Middle Level main Drain. Crossing the parish from east to west is the Well Creek drain. The north and eastern parts of the parish consist of arable and pasture fields, the eastern area referred to as Walsingham Fens and the north area as Well Moors.
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Thetford Golf Course and Marsh is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the western outskirts of Thetford in Norfolk. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade 2, and part of the Breckland Special Area of Conservation and Special Protection Area. Dry grass heath covers much of this site but there are also areas of lichen and heather, with a diverse flora including uncommon plants. Horse Meadows has wet peaty areas have fenland plants and alder woodland.
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The Wisbech Castle Community Archaeology Project was 'Highly Commended' in the Best Community Archaeology Project category at the 2010 British Archaeological Awards. As a result of the dig, local volunteers formed a local archaeology group – the Wisbech and District Archaeology Society (WADAS) - now FenArch (Fenland Archaeological Society). It was registered as an asset of community value. In February 2018, Wisbech Town Council acquired a lease from Cambridgeshire County Council and took over the running of the site.
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Potterhanworth Wood is adjacent to the now drained fenland of the Witham Valley. The dominant canopy tree is small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata); in places the wood consists of pure stands of this species, but elsewhere a variety of other common trees occur. Historically, the site is known to have been continuously wooded and it has a long history of management using the coppice-with-standards technique. Wild service-tree (Sorbus torminalis) is found in the wood.
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It is not known when and how metal-bladed skates were introduced into Britain from the continent, where they had been in use since the 13th century or earlier, in the fens metal skates were in use by the seventeenth century; before this people had attached sharpened animal bones to their feet to travel on ice.E Porter 1969 Fenland skating. Cambridgeshire, Huntingdon and Peterborough Life, February issue. William Fitzstephen described skating on the Thames in the 12th century.
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Aoustin utterly refuses to give her hand in marriage to the youth, Jeanin. He leaves his wife and daughter, moving into his childhood cottage, rejoicing in his independence and the traditional ways of fenland life. Meanwhile, the local mayors are attempting to resist a drainage and modernisation project that threatens the independence of the Brièrons. Aoustin is given the task of finding a lost historical document signed by Louis XVI confirming the rights of the local people.
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Coldham is a hamlet in Elm civil parish, part of the Fenland district of the Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire, England. Coldham is the site of a wind farm on a large farm estate of the Cooperative Group near the settlement.Advertising feature: Wind power to the people, The Guardian online The parish formerly had a church dedicated to St. Ethelreda built in 1876. This was declared redundant in 2000 and has since been converted into a house.
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National Trust property Peckover House and Gardens attracts tourists and locals. The Wisbech and Fenland museum draws in visitors to see the Charles Dickens manuscript, Thomas Clarkson memorabilia and other exhibits. The Octavia Hill Birthplace House also attracts those interested in the National Trust, army cadet force or social housing. An annual Rose Fair, music festival, music concerts at the Bandstand in the park and the theatre and two cinemas also attract audiences from outside the town.
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Lake Waahi (or up to 1913 sometimes called Lake Waihi) is located immediately to the west of Huntly, in the Waikato Region. Lake Waahi is a riverine lake, which links to the Waikato River by way of the short Waahi Stream. The smaller Lake Puketirini lies immediately to Waahi's southeast. The lake has a maximum depth of five metres and the open water covers approximately 522 hectares, though the lake extends further through marsh and fenland.
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This fenland village and parish is on the border with the county of Cambridgeshire in the south west of Norfolk. The village is located south of Walsoken and north of Outwell. Within the parish boundaries of Emneth there are also the settlements of Emneth Hungate and Holly End. Over the years the meaning of the name EmnethA Popular Guide to Norfolk Place-names: by James Rye: Published by Larks press, Dereham, Norfolk, 2000 ; has been debated.
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Situated towards the southern end of The Fens, the marshes in the Chittering area were first settled in Roman times. Investigations around Causeway End Farm in Chittering Fen show evidence of dwellings and inclosed fields that were occupied from the early 2nd to the early 4th century. Denny Abbey, just to the south of the hamlet, was built in around 1150. The fenland around Chittering has been known as North Fen since at least the 14th century.
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The name Wildmore comes from the surrounding Wildmore Fen. It appears from a manuscript now in the British Museum, that it belonged after the Norman Conquest to the baronies of Bolingbroke, Horncastle and Scrivelsby. William Romara, who held Bolingbroke, gave his portion to Kirkstead Abbey during the reign of King Stephen. Henry I afforested the whole of the fenland area and these continued to be the Kings hunting grounds until 1230 in the reign of Henry III.
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Chatteris is a market town and civil parish in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire, England, situated in The Fens between Huntingdon, March and Ely. The town is in the North East Cambridgeshire parliamentary constituency. The parish of Chatteris is large, covering 6,099 hectares, and for much of its history was a raised island in the low-lying wetland of the Fens. Mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, the town has evidence of settlement from the Neolithic period.
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The club has five senior teams and four youth teams that compete in both the Fenland and Cambridgeshire leagues. Chatteris CC won the St Ivo Midweek League in 2008 and 2009 going both seasons unbeaten.Chatteris Cricket Club , URL accessed 21 May 2008 The town also has a bowls club and a tennis club (St Peters). Chatteris Airfield is about north- northeast, which is mainly used for skydiving, and is the base of the North London Skydiving Centre.
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The unitary authority extends north west to the settlements of Wothorpe and Wittering and east beyond Thorney into the historic Isle of Ely and includes the Ortons, south of the River Nene. It borders Northamptonshire to the west, Lincolnshire to the north, and the Cambridgeshire districts of Fenland and Huntingdonshire to the south and east. The city centre is located at 52°35'N latitude 0°15'W longitude or Ordnance Survey national grid reference TL 185 998\.
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Hereward's former gaoler persuaded the king to negotiate once more, and he was eventually pardoned by William and lived the rest of his life in relative peace. It also says that he married a second wife after Turfida entered a convent. She is said have been called Alftruda and was the widow of Earl Dolfin.David Roffe, "Hereward 'the Wake' and the Barony of Bourne: a Reassessment of a Fenland Legend", Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, 29 (1994), 7–10.
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Lattersey Field is an 11.9 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Whittlesey in Cambridgeshire. It is owned by Fenland District Council and managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. This former clay brick quarry has pits which have filled with water, and it has diverse habitats of grassland, woodland, scrub, pools, marshes and reedbeds. Mammals includes water voles, water shrews, and there are birds such as sedge warblers, tawny owls, woodcocks, great spotted woodpeckers and reed buntings.
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Anna and John's eldest daughter was the actress Elizabeth Yates, and John's sister Louisa Brunton, another actress, married Major-General William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven. Her half-brothers John Mills Brown, Henry Brown and half-sister Mary Clarke ( Brown) were also actors who had appeared with her on the Lincoln Circuit.Playbills in Wisbech & Fenland Museum She married Thomas Shaftoe Robertson, actor and manager, on 8 September 1793. They had at least three children, Richard Shaftoe (b.
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Tornado over the flat fenland countryside around Little Thetford Map showing Isle of Ely surrounded by water Joan Blaeu (1648) Regiones Inundatae The village, which is at about above sea- level, sits largely on the Kimmeridge Clay, a Jurassic shallow-water shelf-sea deposit, with an overall south-south-east to south-east dip. Underlying the Kimmeridge Clay, are similarly dipping older Jurassic clays, which also contain thin beds of limestone and sandstone.Darby (1940) p. 3 fig.
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Sign at the King's Lynn end of the Path The Fen Rivers Way is a long distance footpath that spans a distance of . The path runs between the City of Cambridge and the town of King's Lynn in West Norfolk. It follows the course of the River Cam and River Great Ouse across the fenland landscape into the Wash. It provides a small part of European Long Distance Path E2 which goes from Nice to Galway.
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As fenland, it plays a major ecological function for the water for the town and surrounding area and contributes to reducing the pollution of surface water. The marshes, which had formerly been used to pump cooling water to the power station of Violaines, consists of a vast wooded wetland. The place is so attractive that a discovery trail has been created for visitors to enjoy their natural heritage. Many species of birds may be observed along this path.
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Jane Stuart (c. 1654 – 1742), also known as "Wisbech's Secret Princess", was a Quaker who lived and died in Wisbech, England. There is a long-standing tradition that she was a natural daughter of James II of England. No records of her during her life in the town have been located in the Wisbech & Fenland Museum that confirm the Stuart royal link; it was only after her death that the details of her life were recorded in oral histories of Wisbech residents.
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The youngest of three siblings, Tandy was born in Geldeston Road in Hackney, London to Harry Tandy and his wife, Jessie Helen Horspool.Jessica Tandy's family to unveil plaque to commemorate star's Hackney birthplace 19 November 1998; accessed 10 May 2007 Her mother was from a large fenland family in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, and the head of a school for mentally handicapped children, and her father was a travelling salesman for a rope manufacturer.The Academy Awards: A Look At Jessica Tandy, oup.com, February 2007.
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In 1905 an epidemic of typhoid swept Lincoln, making over 1,000 ill and killing at least 110 persons in the city. The longevity of the outbreak, due to polluted drinking water, caused great concern, not least when it was alleged that Skellingthorpe’s Catchwater Drain was heavily adding to the pollution. The drain flowed into Lincoln, joining the Witham and the Sincil Dyke, from where many city and western fenland inhabitants collected their drinking water. In April 1905 it was reportedDerry Journal, p.
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The Waveney Trail. A raised footpath that separates areas of fenland within the reserve. The loss of water and lack of management led to the degradation of the fen, and scrub began to invade large areas. In 1961 the Suffolk Wildlife Trust gained control of the site but insufficient resources meant the large scale work they wished to carry out to return it to its previous state could not be achieved; the condition of the overall Fen continued to decline.
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Holbeach Hurn is a small fenland village in the civil parish of Holbeach in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire, England. It is north-east from Holbeach and north from the A17, and lies at the south-east of Holbeach Marsh. Holbeach Hurn before 1916 In 1885 Kelly’s noted the village as an ecclesiastical parish formed from that of Holbeach in 1870, and the presence of both a Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist chapel. Its area was with an 1881 population of 526.
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The place appears as Colestone in the Domesday survey of 1086, but as Kyrcoluiston in 1242, and variants thereof subsequently.J. Morris, (ed.) Domesday Book: Nottinghamshire (Chichester, 1977) 1,56; 9,107; 11,24; Book of Fees, 3 vols., 1922-31 The original affix, Old Norse kirkja, 'church', was later confusingly replaced by Middle English ker, meaning 'fenland'. The suffix seems to contain an Old Norse personal name Kolr + tūn (Old English), an enclosure; a farmstead; a village; an estate.., so 'Kolr's farm/settlement'.
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The handbills for these plays are amongst the hundreds held in the collection of the Wisbech & Fenland Museum. Holman went to America in 1812, and took with him Amelia, his daughter, who played in New York, Lady Townly in The Provoked Husband to his Lord Townly, and supported him throughout his American career. In a letter of introduction he took out he is described as a fellow of Queen's College. In 1813 Holman and Miss Holman played at the Chestnut Street Theatre, Philadelphia.
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Yachtclub with cargo depot in the background. Port of Wisbech is an inland port on the River Nene in Wisbech, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom. It is mainly used for cargo and industrial purposes, the southern part of the port houses a number of berths for yachts. Fenland District Council is the harbour authority for most of the River Nene, as well as operating the port and harbour, it provide a Port Health service to commercial ships, leisure craft and fishing vessels.
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SS Stangate was the first Eastern Counties Foodship and carried over £1000 of food. It was announced in 1947 that 'Lighting the way to the inland port of Wisbech, four new beacons have been built at the River Nene's mouth.' In 1969 the port claimed to be able to accommodate vessels of up to 16 ft draft on Spring tides with length of 240 ft using 5 mobile cranes. In 2004 the port was taken over by Fenland District Council.
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"The vast warrens of the 'Breck', the woods and water-meadows of the valley of the Little Ouse, and the neighbouring Fenland made an ideal training-ground for a naturalist". This enthusiasm Newton shared with his younger brother Edward: the two carried out bird observation when they were together and corresponded when they were apart. In 1846 Newton went to a tutor in Biggleswade for a few months, and in 1848 he entered Magdalene College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1853.
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There was no change in representation from Fenland, where Conservatives won every seat. In Huntingdonshire, Liberal Democrats lost a seat to Conservatives in St Neots Eaton Socon and Eynesbury, but gained one in Godmanchester and Huntingdon East, a two-member division which subsequently had split representation. The election in the Ramsey electoral division was delayed until 23 July 2009 due to the death of one of the candidates. The election in that division was won by the United Kingdom Independence Party.
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The administrative county was formed in 1974, incorporating most of the historic county of Huntingdonshire. Local government is divided between Cambridgeshire County Council and Peterborough City Council, which is a separate unitary authority. Under the county council, there are five district councils, Cambridge City Council, South Cambridgeshire District Council, East Cambridgeshire District Council, Huntingdonshire District Council and Fenland District Council. In England, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) are designated by Natural England, which is responsible for protecting England's natural environment.
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Planning permission for the development of an integrated care centre on the site of the former Fenland Wing at Peterborough District Hospital was granted in 2003.Greater Peterborough Health Investment Plan Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough Primary Care Trust and Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership Trust (Retrieved 23 April 2007). The City Care Centre finally opened in 2009City Care Centre NHS Peterborough, 3 June 2009. and the first patients were treated at the new Peterborough City Hospital in 2010.
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Many fenland inhabitants resented the Royalists because they believed that the King's drainage projects undertaken by Dutch engineer Cornelius Vermuyden, had damaged their livelihoods (his Forty Foot Drain had been completed in 1637). Today, the fort is visible as a series of earthworks only, showing a bastion fort design with ditches and corner bastions. It is similar in design to Fort Nassau at Aardenburg in the Netherlands. During the Second World War, a machine gun turret was built on the south bastion.
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Starting from Cambridge the route follows the River Cam with its banks and pastures fringed with weeping willow trees and out into the fens. The Cam Washes have been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest because of their rare and special habitats and wildlife. Within this SSSI, Otters can sometimes be seen. Approximately north-east of Cambridge is Wicken Fen National Nature Reserve, where walkers will pass through the remains of a fragment of a Fenland wilderness of former times.
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The press were putting forward ideas of saving and preserving the monument where it was, something archaeologists explained was impossible. English Heritage's chief archaeologist, Geoffrey Wainright, eventually gave the go ahead for a full excavation in March 1999. The procedure would cost £500,000, and the timbers would be conserved at the Fenland Archaeological Trust's field centre at Flag Fen in Cambridgeshire.Watson 2005. p. 31. Excavation began on Wednesday 26 May 1999, by a team from Norfolk Archaeological Unit led by Mark Brennand.
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Its origins lie in the Monmouthshire Naturalists Trust, formed in 1963. In the 1980s the Trust was renamed the Gwent Trust for Nature Conservation, and then Gwent Wildlife Trust. Gwent was an administrative county between 1974 and 1996, covering a similar but not identical area to the historic county of Monmouthshire. The Trust's first objective, under the then presidency of FitzRoy Somerset, 4th Baron Raglan, was the conservation of Magor Marsh, the last remaining area of fenland on the Caldicot Level.
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James Smart rounds the barrel turn Charles Goodman Tebbutt with a bandy stick Charles Goodman Tebbutt doing a speed skating pose Fen skating is a traditional form of ice skating in the Fenland of England. The Fens of East Anglia, with their easily flooded meadows, form an ideal skating terrain. Bone skates date back to the mediaeval period. It is not known when the first skating matches were held, but by the early nineteenth century they had become a feature of cold winters in the Fens.
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Chauncy Hare Townshend, ca. 1828, painted by John Boaden Chauncy Hare Townshend, whose surname was spelt by his parents as Townsend (20 April 1798, Godalming, Surrey – 25 February 1868), was a 19th-century English poet, clergyman, mesmerist, collector, dilettante and hypochondriac. He is mostly remembered for bequeathing his collections to the South Kensington Museum (now the Victoria and Albert Museum) and the Wisbech & Fenland Museum in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire. He added an 'h' to his surname in 1835, upon inheriting; his first name was often spelled "Chauncey".
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Holbeach Fen is a fenland settlement and area in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire, England. It is south from Holbeach and 3 miles north- west from Sutton St James. In 1885 Kelly’s noted that Holbeach Fen had become an ecclesiastical parish in 1867, had an area of and an 1881 population of 872. St John’s chapel of ease was erected in 1840 by Robert Eliot of Fleet on land donated by the Duke of Somerset KG, and by subscription, particularly from Bishop Kaye of Lincoln.
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The settlers were unaffected by Roman urban civilisation and had their own religion and language. As more of the region fell under their control, new kingdoms were formed, replacing the function of the Roman territoria.Warner, The Origins of Suffolk, pp. 66–67. Surrounded by sea, fenland, large defensive earthworks such as the Devil's Dyke and wide rivers, all of which acted to disconnect it from the rest of Britain, the land of the East Angles eventually became united by a single ruling dynasty, the Wuffingas.
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Then on 20 February 2008 The Fenland Citizen contained an article opposing the Daily Express article. On 14 May 2011 Wisbech featured in The Guardian "Let's Move to..." column: Tom Dyckhoff highlighted the Georgian streets, cinemas, local community groups and poor rail links. In June 2018 Country Life magazine ran a feature on Wisbech.Country Life 20 June 2018 In November 2018 Wisbech featured in an article in the Daily Telegraph by Jack Rear entitled "The spirited English town with some of Britain's best forgotten history".
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Along this stretch, the Cut-off Channel, a large fenland drainage channel, is crossed. After , the large United States Air Force base at RAF Lakenheath is reached. The road originally crossed what is now part of the airfield, and was diverted during World War II to run along the eastern perimeter fence of the base as far as Wangford, where it passes close to the end of the runway. The road then passes through more of Thetford Forest, before reaching the town of Brandon.
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The village and parish of Walsoken is situated in the west of Norfolk on the border with Cambridgeshire – most of the original village now lies in Cambridgeshire but All Saints Church lies in Norfolk. Entrance to Norfolk at Walsoken, Wisbech on the Cambridgeshire and Norfolk County boundary. The village is a suburb of the fenland town of Wisbech and its ancient character and historic core have been surrounded by modern housing. The parish is south of West Walton, north of Emneth and west of Marshland St James.
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The railway's name was chosen and formerly adopted at the meeting, after the large quantity of Bramley apples that used to be carried by rail from the area.Official Bramley Line Supporters, "The Start". In December 2007 Fenland District Council refused the Bramleyline's application for £20,000 funding on the basis that the project had "no business basis" and "no practical outcome". The Council advised the group to prepare another business plan and offered to help it secure alternative funding.Fenland District Council, Minutes of Council Meeting, 20 December 2007.
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Chatteris History, URL accessed 18 May 2008 Chatteris is a market town and has possessed this designation since 1834, although an earlier market existed in the town, which was discontinued due to poor roads in 1808.Fenland District Council website , URL accessed 22 May 2008 A small market is still held every Friday. Following the Beeching Axe, Chatteris railway station, formerly on the St Ives extension of the Great Eastern Railway, was closed in March 1967.Kelly's Directory of Cambridgeshire , (London: Kelly's Directories Limited, 1900), pp.99.
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Nationally scarce nocturnal moths include the cream-bordered green pea and chocolate-tip, while the red-eyed damselfly and red-veined and black darters are notable among the Odonata. Several rare flies have been recorded, including three species, Parochthiphila coronata, Calamoncosis aspistylina and Neoascia interrupta, otherwise known in the UK only from a few sites in the East Anglian fenland. An unusual plant gall found on creeping bent was caused by the nematode Subanguina graminophila. Scarce plants include yellow vetchling and hairy bird's-foot trefoil.
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Tiger Hill is a 21 hectare Local Nature Reserve between Bures St Mary and Leavenheath in Suffolk. It is owned by Suffolk County Council and managed by the Tiger Hill LNR Management Committee. The site is in the Dedham Vale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and most of it (excluding a narrow strip of land in the north) is part of the Arger Fen Site of Special Scientific Interest. This site has woodland, heath and fenland, and fauna include badgers, bats and rare and endangered dormice.
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After Knapp bridge, the sluice at Newbridge marks the upper tidal limit of the river. Curry and Hay Moors, an area of low-lying fenland close to the river, are a Site of Special Scientific Interest. A railway bridge carries the Taunton to Castle Cary railway line over the river, after which is the Curry Moor pumping station. Two more road bridges at Athelney and Stanmoor cross the river before it joins the River Parrett at Burrowbridge, where the junction is overshadowed by Burrow Mump.
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Once the hydrological survey confirmed that it was possible to re-water the site, clear-felling took place in 1998 and the moss was allowed to re-water by damming the drainage points. The restored moss now provides a habitat for a variety of wildlife, particularly waterfowl. Following the success of the project, it was announced in January 2010 that a further of drained fenland at four sites in the Delamere Forest area would be rewatered as part of Natural England's "Wetland Vision" scheme.
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With Seahenge excavated, the timbers that it had been built out of were transported fifty miles away to the Fenland Archaeology Trust's field centre at Flag Fen in Cambridgeshire, where it immediately underwent conservation by being immersed in fresh water. The timbers were then cleaned of attached mud and placed in permanent storage. English Heritage employed laser scan technology (developed by Alistair Carty of Archaeoptics) to precisely image timbers in three dimensions, allowing archaeologists to create a virtual model of the whole site.Watson 2005. p. 61.
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Bure Broads and Marshes is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-east of Norwich in Norfolk. Most of it is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I and National Nature Reserve. Two areas are nature reserves managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust, Cockshoot Broad and Ranworth Broad. It is part of the Broadland Ramsar site and Special Protection Area and The Broads Special Area of Conservation, This is described by Natural England as a "nationally and internationally important wetland complex", which is situated on fenland peats in the floodplain of the River Bure.
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Swavesey, forming a historical parish of 3982 acres on the border with Huntingdonshire, lies on a narrow clay ridge rising to 18 metres above sea level at one time surrounded by fenland. The village was of importance during the early Middle Ages as the centre of a large 11th- century estate. A castle was built here in the late 11th or early 12th century, though is believed to have been derelict by 1200. Swavesey served as a port and subsequent market town and was fortified at the end of the 12th century.
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The exterior of the house gives little idea of the elaborate and elegant interior of fine panelled rooms, Georgian fireplaces with carved over- mantels, and ornate plaster decorations At the back of the house is a beautiful 0.8 ha (2 acre) Victorian walled garden with interesting and rare trees, delightful summer houses and fruiting orange trees, thought to be 300 years old, roses, herbaceous borders, fernery, croquet lawn and 17th-century reed thatched barn. A mantrap once belonging to the Peckovers is now on display in Wisbech & Fenland Museum.
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The name is recorded in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Spellinton. The name may refer to a river named Spalding, derived from the Old English spald "ditch or fenland river", which also gave its name to Spalding Moor. The River Spalding is not recorded, but would be the river now known as the River Foulness. The name may also be derived from the tribe known as the Spalda mentioned in the 7th century Tribal Hidage, which gave rise to the tribe or district known as the Spaldingas, the "dwellers by the Spald".
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The Little Ouse Headwaters Project (LOHP) was set up in 2002 by local residents to promote conservation and enjoyment of the fenland habitats bordering the upper reaches of the River Little Ouse, which lies on the Norfolk-Suffolk border. The site lies between Blo' Norton in Norfolk and Thelnetham in Suffolk. It includes a number of areas including Hinderclay Fen, Blo' Norton Fen, Betty's Fen, The Frith, Blo' Norton Lowes, Blo' Norton Little Fen and Parker's Piece. The area also include parts of the Blo' Norton and Thelnetham Fen Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
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The village sign shows a man leading a horse towing the Floating Church of Holme that was dedicated to St Withburga by the Archdeacon of Huntingdon on 5 April 1897. The Fenland Ark was the idea of the rector of Holme, Rev. George Broke who thought that a church on a boat could reach families living in remote cottages in the Fen to allow them to worship. The horse-drawn boat was long and about wide, it boasted an altar, a font, a lectern which doubled as a pulpit, and a harmonium.
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Holbeach Marsh is a fenland area in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. Holbeach Marsh is situated between the market town of Holbeach on the A17 road at the south, and The Wash estuary at the north, and is bounded by the waterways of the Whaplode (Holbeach) River at the west, and Fleet Haven at the east. The area comprises approximately of arable farms, dispersed buildings, and small settlements. The marsh villages of Holbeach Bank and Holbeach Clough--or Saracens Head--are at the south-west edge, and Gedney Dyke at the south-east.
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His grave, marked with the chalice and paten of a priest, is in the Priory crossing. A significant person who, at his own request, left a thriving church in Skipton to become Priest in Charge of the virtually deserted priory, was Canon Maurice Slaughter, a lifelong evangelist who started his ministry in the Church Army Fenland Caravan. His reputation as a preacher and pastor who attracted large congregations was confirmed when he revived and reconstructed the large, dilapidated and isolated Priory Church, finally adding the roof to the incomplete tower.
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She entertained little, but loved to go on picnics with her friends into the Fenland countryside. She listed ‘Travel’ as her recreation in Who’s Who but her travel, though extensive and all around the world, was for the purpose of attending a conference to meet and work for a few weeks with fellow scientists or deliver an important lecture or receive a distinguished prize. She enjoyed travel for scientific events and conferences. Her skills at encouraging collaboration among scientists have been described as critical to the success of Strangeways during her directorship.
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The administrative county was formed in 1974, incorporating most of the historic county of Huntingdonshire. Local government is divided between Cambridgeshire County Council and Peterborough City Council, which is a separate unitary authority. Under the county council, there are five district councils, Cambridge City Council, South Cambridgeshire District Council, East Cambridgeshire District Council, Huntingdonshire District Council and Fenland District Council. Local nature reserves (LNRs) are designated by local authorities, which must have legal control over the site, by owning it, leasing it or having an agreement with the owner.
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The modern Derwent has already descended to by the time it reaches the middle of the Vale of Pickering. Thus, although it began as a separate lake, Lake Pickering seems to have settled down to the level of Lake Fenland and become a part of it. From the spillway, meltwater reached the sea via the valley in which the Strait of Dover and the English Channel now lie. In 2003, John Eckersley published a book entitled Exploring Lake Pickering, which takes the form of a walk around the edges of what was Lake Pickering.
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In 2009, newspapers reported wallaby sightings (including clear pictures) that made reference to sightings in 2008. Other wallaby colonies exist in the UK, including reliable reports from the Fenland on the Norfolk/Lincolnshire border; and there are a few in Ashdown Forest, Sussex. Subsequent sightings have been made including a report of a Bennett’s wallaby filmed by zoologist Maurice Melzak in Highgate Cemetery, Hampstead, London in October 2013, and an albino wallaby in Northamptonshire in 2015. In Scotland, Inchconnachan, an island in Loch Lomond has a population of wallabies as well.
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Peterborough lies in the middle of several distinct regional accent groups and as such has a hybrid of Fenland East Anglian, East Midland and London Estuary English features. The city falls just north of the A vowel isogloss and as such most native speakers will use the flat A, as found in cat, in words such as last. Yod-dropping is often heard from Peterborians, as in the rest of East Anglia, for example new as . However, the large number of newcomers has impacted greatly on the English spoken by the younger generation.
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Flood warnings were issued two to three hours before the highest water levels in the coastal towns of Lincolnshire. Clement Freud the Member of Parliament for North East Cambridgeshire called for an inquiry into the failure of the flood warnings in East Anglia. The Junior Minister Shirley Summerskill reported that an "Alert" message was received by Police in Wisbech at 0705 hours and a further message at 1414 hours confirming that there was danger of tidal flooding at 1928 hours. On receipt of the second message, the Fenland District Council was notified immediately.
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Earith Bulwark, Fortified Places On 17 January 1942 a number of RAF serviceman were killed in a crash involving a Hawker Hurricane from 61 Operational Training Unit and a Short Stirling bomber. The Stirling was flying from RAF Oakington with 7 Squadron and the accident occurred just north of Earith Bridge.Earith Plane Crash, Second World War In the Winter of 1946–47, there was the "Battle of Earith Gap". Melting snow had built up in the Fenland waterways, unable to be released into the sea because of high tides.
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Four thousand acres (16 square kilometers) of barren heath were landscaped into one of the most beautiful private parks in England, complete with a large man-made lake. The great mansion built there was demolished in 1938, but the park is today owned by the National Trust and is open to the public. He had also been a Bailiff on the board of the Bedford Level Corporation Fenland reclamation scheme from 1742 to 1764. The papers of the 2nd Duke are now held by Manuscripts and Special Collections at the University of Nottingham.
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Bardney lies between 7 and 17 metres above sea level,Topographic Map on the edge of the present-day Lincolnshire Fens, but its name indicates that before the fens were drained for agriculture (from the 17th century onwards) it was surrounded with wet fenland. Nowadays the Lincolnshire Fens are mostly unflooded, very flat and very productive arable farmland. Wildlife observed on the fens near Bardney includes barn owl, red fox and hemlock. Bardney is surrounded by ancient woodlands composed primarily of lime trees, known collectively as Bardney Limewoods.
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The Old Bavarian Donaumoos () is an old fen on the southern side of the Danube, southwest of Ingolstadt, Bavaria, in the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district. The fen, drained from 1790 onwards, has now dropped 3 metres (9.8 ft) in surface level because of the drainage and associated environmental effects. The Donaumoos was once the largest area of fenland in Southern Germany.Haus im Moos accessed: 28 February 2011 It is one of two former fens named Donaumoos, the other being the Swabian Donaumoos (), also predominantly located in Bavaria, between Ulm and Gundelfingen.
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During the seventeenth century, large areas of fenland in East Anglia were reclaimed via extensive draining schemes. Despite this, crops and livestock were frequently swept away by widescale flooding as the land sank because of the drainage. As a partial solution, windpumps were used to pump water away from flood-affected areas, but relied on the weather and lacked the power required to lift large quantities of water. Wicken Fen nature reserve has a preserved and restored windpump which is used to manage the water table in the Fen.
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The performances at Wisbech included Douglas and the farcical musical piece The Farmer and The Poor Gentleman. His brother James brought his theatre company to perform at Lincoln Race Week and to use any profits to help re-establish the theatrical circuit. Some landlords even reduced the rents of their theatres, according to a handbill promoting Speed the Plough and Chip of the Old Block, to be performed in April 1817 at the Wisbech theatre.Handbill in the collection at Wisbech & Fenland Museum Maria Foote appeared at Robertson's Lincoln theatre in November 1828.
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This ritual dated back hundreds of years, and was intended to ensure that crops in the Fenland would grow well. It was traditionally performed by ploughboys; the black-faced dancers, carrying brooms and wearing tattered coats bestrewn with ribbons, would dance at farms and in every village. The tradition had died out in the 1930s, but Cookman found two old Molly Men, learned the dances from them in 1977, and every year, on Plough Monday, he performed the dances in Cambridgeshire villages. His sons now carry on the tradition.
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The scope of public sector organisations includes departments of local councils, voluntary organisations having more than 10% public funding, and also private subcontractors on public contracts. It also includes public transport operators and the gas, electricity and water utilities. A number of Park and Ride bus schemes gained Charter Marks, displaying the mark on their buses.Fotopic image of an Ipswich Park and Ride bus prominently displaying the Charter Mark The first Council in the UK to achieve the Corporate Customer Service Excellence award was Fenland District Council, Cambridgeshire.
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The County of Bentheim (Grafschaft Bentheim, Low German Benthem) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the south-west corner of today's Lower Saxony, Germany. The county's borders corresponded largely to those of the modern administrative district (Landkreis) of Grafschaft Bentheim. Geographically, Bentheim is composed largely of fenland, and early settlement was concentrated along the banks of the rivers which pass through the county. Deposits of Bentheim sandstone formed the basis of a profitable export trade to other parts of present-day Germany and the Netherlands.
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The woad produced in Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire in the 19th century was shipped out from the Port of Wisbech, Spalding and Boston, both the last to northern mills and the USA. The last portable woad mill was at Parson Drove, Cambridgeshire, Wisbech & Fenland Museum has a woad mill model, photos and other items used in woad production. A major market for woad was at Görlitz in Silesia. The citizens of the five Thuringian Färberwaid (dye woad) towns of Erfurt, Gotha, Tennstedt, Arnstadt and Langensalza had their own charters.
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The Great Eastern Railway(GER) was pro-active in helping agriculture recover after a poor first half of the 19th century and enable Fenland farmers get their products to market. However the area of Benwick was poorly served by road and rail and during the 1880s local farmers lobbied the GER board for a new railway. Initially reluctant the GER provided a siding and goods shed at Three Horsehoes (pictured). Lobbying continued and finally the GER built a single track goods only line opening to Burnt House on 1 September 1897 and Benwick on 2 August 1898.
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Badge on former Middle Level Commissioners offices, March, Cambridgeshire The Middle Level Commissioners consist of representatives from both the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. Occupiers of agricultural property receive a rate demand direct from the Commissioners. The "rates" on non-agricultural properties, such as houses and factories, are paid through a special levy issued to the district councils within the Commissioners' area. These councils, Fenland District Council, Huntingdonshire District Council and the Borough Council of King's Lynn & West Norfolk are therefore, able to appoint representatives as Commissioners in respect of the payment made in relation to these properties.
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In order to re-establish the original Fen water regime it was recommended that the borehole removing water from the system be relocated and that the new borehole provide sufficient water without damaging the fenland. To fit these requirements a large search for a suitable site was carried out with many test sites drilled and tested. Eventually a site was located 3 km southeast of the reserve and planning and construction of the new borehole was carried out at a cost of £1.2 million. This was the first time a public water borehole was relocated on solely environmental grounds.
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Drainage of the area began with Bottisham Lode in early medieval times, and a bridge is mentioned in the village in the late 13th century. In 1637 the Earl of Bedford was given 400 acres in Fen Ditton, Horningsea, and Stow cum Quy which were drained over the following 20 years. The remainder of the parish was drained in the late 18th and 19th centuries, other than the area around Snout's Corner, which is still fenland. The Saxon hamlets of Eye and Clayhithe have been part of Horningsea parish since 1279, with Clayhithe situated where the ancient peninsula reached the river.
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Holbeach St Matthew is a small fenland village in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire, England. It lies north-east from Holbeach, south from The Wash, and within Holbeach Marsh. In 1885 Kelly’s noted that the village was in the ecclesiastical parish of Holbeach Marsh, that a school for 72 children was about to be built, that its area was of , and had an 1881 population of 743. The hamlet's chapel of ease, dedicated to St Matthew, was built 1868-69 by Ewan Christian in Early English style, and was capable of holding 110 persons.
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The parish lies on a fan of gravel from the Devensian glacial period, which spreads from the upland mouth of the valley of the River Welland, to the east of Stamford, Lincolnshire. There are two main forms of business in the parish: arable farming and gravel extraction. The flooded gravel pits subsequently lend themselves to development for leisure pursuits such as angling, birdwatching and watersports. The gravel was washed down from the tundra environment to the west and deposited in the periglacial lake, known as Lake Fenland, below the icy waters of which the site of Baston then lay.
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Ely cathedral with the River Great Ouse in the foreground; though most of the Fenland was drained in the early modern period and Ely is no longer an island, the landscape retains some watery features River Thames and modern Lechlade, the location of Siward's Gloucestershire estate In 1068, there was a revolt in the north of England against the rule of King William, few details of which are recorded.Green, Aristocracy, p. 102 It was serious enough to worry King William, who marched north and began the construction of castles at Warwick, Nottingham, York, Lincoln, Huntingdon and Cambridge.
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The Fenland Survey was an intense archaeological survey of the Fenlands that took place between 1982 and 1989. During the survey, approximately 250,000 hectares (615,000 acres) of land was fieldwalked by four archaeologists in the interest of creating a comprehensive overview of the sites within the area. More than two thousand sites and potential sites were found, including more than 300 Roman and Iron Age salt production locations. The area of study included: Cambridgeshire: 142,000 ha (351,000 acres) Lincolnshire: 71,000 ha (175,000 acres) Norfolk: 36,000 ha (89,000 acres) The results of the survey were published in 1994.
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An alternative suggested etymology, stemming from the Norman general named "Belasius", also suggests Norman involvement. The importance of this location in the defence of Ely has led some to suggest that the ringfort may have been the Castle of Aldreth. According to the recorded history of the revolt led by Hereward the Wake at the turn of the 11th century, Hereward's troops retreated to the Isle of Ely, surrounded by fenland which was impassable to the Norman cavalry. An attempt was made to build a mile-long causeway, but the weight of the Norman armour caused the causeway to sink.
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The project won a large Heritage Lottery Fund grant, which, along with many fundraising events has meant that the "Friends of Moulton Mill" campaign has succeeded in raising enough money to restore and refurbish the mill's structure and add a new cap. The new white ogee cap, (which weighs 14 ton) is visible for miles across the flat Fenland landscape. A café and shop has also been built, and the mill has disabled access, allowing disabled visitors to see some of the mill's inner workings. The Friends of Moulton Mill have encouraged local people to "sponsor" a sail shutter.
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Felix was buried at Dommoc, but his relics were at a later date removed to Soham, according to the twelfth-century English historian William of Malmesbury. His shrine was desecrated by the Vikings when the church was destroyed. Some time later, "the body of the saint was looked for and found, and buried at Ramsey Abbey". Ramsey was noted for its enthusiasm for collecting saints' relics, and in an apparent attempt to out-compete their rivals from the abbey at Ely, the Ramsey monks escaped by rowing their boats through thick Fenland fog, carrying with them the bishop's precious remains.
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He returned to a great welcome in England in 1865 and was asked to lecture widely about his travels and his religious influence in the islands. Ellis returned to Wisbech in 1867 to give a further talk on Madagascar in the Lecture Room at Wisbech Public Hall. Ellis was a member of Wisbech Working Men's Institute, after his death a fellow member Samuel Smith (photographer) printed some of his photographs. A portrait in oils of Elis was presented to the Working Men's Institute by Mr Johnathan Peckover for display, it is now (2019) in Wisbech & Fenland Museum.
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A satellite image of Flevopolder in Flevoland The Netherlands is frequently associated with polders, as its engineers became noted for developing techniques to drain wetlands and make them usable for agriculture and other development. This is illustrated by the saying: "God created the world, but the Dutch created the Netherlands"Forrest Clingerman, Brian Treanor, Martin Drenthen, David Utsler, Interpreting Nature: The Emerging Field of Environmental Hermeneutics, Fordham University Press, 1 September 2013. The Dutch have a long history of reclamation of marshes and fenland, resulting in some 3,000 polders nationwide. By 1961 , about half of the country's land, was reclaimed from the sea.
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P. perfoliatus grows in a wide range of freshwater habitats including lakes, rivers and streams, large ponds, canals and larger drains and ditches. It does not tolerate drying out, and the most robust plants tend to occur in >1 m water depth. Unlike most other broad- leaved pondweeds it is reasonably tolerant of water flow and so can use running waters to a significant extent. It is not especially sensitive to water chemistry provided that the water remains reasonably clear and is not too base-poor, occurring in such diverse habitats as exposed Scottish lochs and lowland fenland rivers.
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The hamlet is first recorded some time after 1350 and before 1540. Brothertoft hamlet is mentioned in the Diocesan Return of 1563 (Deanery of Holland, parish of Kirton,) as having ten households. William Marrat, a local historian writing in 1814, noted that the traditional belief for the origins of the village name lay in a grant being awarded to two brothers in order that they could "inclose" (that is, separate and cultivate) the area from the surrounding fenland. The word toft is thought to come from the Danish occupiers of Lincolnshire in ancient times and has the meaning of homestead or enclosure.
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Before they were drained the Fens were liable to periodic flooding so arable farming was limited to the higher areas of the Fen edge, with the rest of the Fenland dedicated to pastoral farming. In this way, the mediaeval and early modern Fens stood in contrast to the rest of southern England, which was primarily arable. Since the advent of modern drainage in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the Fens have been radically transformed such that arable farming has almost entirely replaced pastoral.Broadberry, Stephen et al. English Agricultural Output 1250–1450: Some Preliminary Estimates (p.10) University of Warwick, 27 November 2008.
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Due to its location in flat, low-lying fenland near the sea, the town of Boston has always been at risk of flooding. The buttress on the south-west corner of the tower has been used since the eighteenth century for keeping a record of the heights and dates of flooding of the church by the River Witham. Flood defences were improved following the North Sea flood of 1953. The church was flooded in 1978 and again on 5 December 2013, when the North Sea flood of 2013 resulted in of water inside and outside the building.
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Garmonsway, G.N., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Dent, Dutton, 1972 & 1975, pp. 205–8. A serial edition of the Gesta Herewardi translated by W. D. Sweeting was published from 1895 as a supplement to Fenland Notes and Queries: this was a quarterly magazine, published at Peterborough, of which Sweeting was editor at the time. He used a transcription of the Gesta Herewardi by S. H. Miller to produce an edition in which the transcription and translation appear in parallel columns.Note that the preface to Miller and Sweeting's edition attributes authorship to Hugh Candidus, without citing sources for this attribution.
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By the 1890s, it had become the Patent Manure Works, was owned by Colchester and Ball, and about 10,000 tons of goods each year were shipped along the lode, using three steam tugs and a large fleet of lighters. Prentice Brothers Ltd built barges in the village until 1920, and continued repairing them there after they bought the fertiliser factory in 1921. The factory was later owned by Fisons, and boats continued to be used to move the fertiliser to Fenland farms until 1948. Commercial use of the lode ceased in 1963, when the traffic in sugar beet stopped.
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In 1734, John Grundy, one of the pioneers in applying scientific principles to the solution of civil engineering problems, was asked by the Adventurers of Deeping Fen to consider the drainage of of fenland to the west of Spalding. His plans included the construction of a reservoir which covered , impounded by a sluice at Surfleet. At low tide, the water would be released, and the scouring action would deepen the channel, with a consequent improvement in drainage. Humphrey Smith directed the construction, with Grundy acting as engineer, which was completed in 1739, according to a plaque fixed to it at the time.
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The Cranwell branch ran at a loss: in response to a Parliamentary Question, it was revealed that, allowing for a credit in respect of the c.15,000 tons of Government stores that were transported along it during 1924, the line made a loss of some £3,570, although it was reported that "any alternative means ... would involve considerably greater expenditure". Having ceased to carry passenger traffic in 1927, it closed completely in 1956.19 September 1954. A1 4-6-2 No. 60136 'Alcazar' heads Trains Illustrated Fenland Rail Tour at Sleaford Passenger services on the Bourne branch ceased on 22 September 1930.
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The same year, Trollope wrote that "the appearance of this small village, lying around its well cared for church, is very pleasing". As Sleaford expanded, houses were built along London and Station Roads, pushing the town inside the Quarrington parish boundaries in what became New Quarrington. Sanitation in the poorest parts of Sleaford worsened during the 19th century and a Local Board of Health was charged with improving living conditions. In 1879, Lord Bristol sold land on Quarrington Hill to the board, who built a pumping station to transport clean fenland water east into the town.
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Mahany and Roffe 1979, p. 8 Its location along the fen-edge may have made it economically and administratively significant as a centre for managers and owners of fenland estates.Mahany and Roffe 1979, pp. 8–10 There is evidence to suggest that a road connected Old Sleaford to Heckington (about east), where Roman tile kilns have been uncovered and may imply the presence of a market at Sleaford.Mahany and Roffe 1979, p. 10 When the first roads were constructed by the Romans, Sleaford was bypassed due to it being "less conveniently located" and more "geared to native needs".Burnham and Wacher 1990, p.
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Community facilities and amenities lie mainly in the South Holland part of the village, and include a post office with village store and a playing field on Station Road, and Fenlands Church (Tydd Gote chapel) on Main Street, and a caravan park"Tydd Gote Certificated Site", Ukcampsite.co.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2019 at Old Eaudyke at the west of the village. An Indian restaurant, previously the Tydd Gote Inn, lies within the Fenland part. There are bus services which connect the village to Wisbech and Tydd St Giles in Cambridgeshire, and Throckenholt, Long Sutton and Spalding in Lincolnshire.
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For example, a Wisbech lodge were to meet at the Spead Eagle before a performance of The Merchant of Venice in May 1813 at Wisbech theatre.Hhandbill, dated 16 May 1813, in the Wisbech & Fenland Museum collection Lincoln opened its New Theatre on 10 September 1806 with an address spoken by Robertson, followed by performances over the next three days. The theatre venues in the Lincoln circuit varied over time, but at some point included theatres in Lincoln, Boston, Grantham, Peterborough, Newark, Oundle, Spalding, Huntingdon, Wisbech, and other nearby towns. Robertson would bring performers well known from London appearances onto the Lincoln circuit.
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He had been a timber merchant and a director of the Wisbech Gas Light & Coke company His earliest dated photograph Is that of 12 October 1852. His work dates between that year and 1864. Many images are of buildings long since disappeared, such as the stone Town bridge, Butter Cross, Old Workhouse and Octagon Church. The General Cemetery Chapel built in 1848 would have followed as the roof had been removed by Fenland District Council, and it was in danger of demolition, however Wisbech Society carried out a restoration project and it can now be compared with Smith's image of 1856.
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The term Artisan Mannerist Architecture was first used by Sir John Summerson in 1953 to describe the building style that developed after the Renaissance in Britain when artisan craftsmen such as masons and bricklayers took on the role of architects. The style was largely derived from Dutch architecture. Sir John's study was largely restricted to larger stone buildings, but John Harris who worked with Sir Nicholas Pevsner on the Lincolnshire volume of Buildings of England adopted the terminology Fen Artisan Style and described the Old Kings Head as an example of Fenland Artisan Mannerism. Harris went on to describe other examples of similar buildings.
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The village is situated 13 miles (21 km) east from Lincoln and 2 miles (3.2 km) north-east from the large village of Woodhall Spa. The River Witham runs a little over a mile to the west of the village which lies on the southern end of the Lincolnshire Limewoods. Stixwould lies on a finger of higher ground on the edge of the Witham fenland, bordered to the north by the Catchwater Drain and to the south by Reeds Beck. The historic parish of Stixwould contains numerous woodlands most notable of which are Stixwould Wood to the north-west, Halstead Wood to the west and Long Wood to the south.
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On retiring Marshall began a new career as a writer of fiction, writing her first novel at the age of 80 after a 10-year battle with cancer. Her trilogy – A Nest of Magpies (1993), Sharp Through The Hawthorn (1994) and Strip The Willow (1996) – are semi- autobiographical. She also published academic works on education and her childhood memoirs of growing up in the Cambridgeshire fenland. She was Sue Lawley's castaway on Desert Island Discs in 1993Sybil Marshall on the BBC Radio 4 Desert Island Discs website and was a winner of the Angel Prize for Literature for her Everyman's Book Of English Folk Tales (1981).
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Cambridgeshire Constabulary's HQ in Huntingdon Cambridgeshire Constabulary is the local territorial police force that covers the territory of the counties of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough. It provides law enforcement and security for an area of just under 3400 km² and population of nearly a million people in a predominantly rural county. The force of Cambridgeshire includes the cities of Cambridge, Ely and Peterborough, the market towns of St Ives, Huntingdon and St Neots, and the historic Fenland towns of Ramsey, Chatteris, Wisbech, Whittlesey and March. The constabulary's logo is a crowned Brunswick star with two wavy blue lines representing the two major rivers that flow the area, the Cam and the Nene.
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If that explanation is correct, Spald could refer to some other fenland river or rivers. The Spaldingas also gave their name to the town of Spalding in Lincolnshire. Spaldington (Spellinton) was listed as being in the manor of Wressle (Weresa) in the Domesday Book of 1086. In around 1200 Eustace de Vesci and William Fitzpeter were joint lords of the manor; after de Vesci's death the manorship passed to Fitzpeter, then to his sister, to her eldest daughter who had married Peter dela Haye, then to the Vasavour's by the marriage of Isabella de la Haye to John Vavasour, father of John Vavasour died 1506.
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Records of Moore's life during the next ten years are sketchy, but by 1650 he was an established mathematics teacher and published his first book, Moores Arithmetick. In 1674, Sir Jonas Moore first used the abbreviated notation 'cos' for the trigonometric term cosine. He went on that year to be appointed Surveyor to the Fen drainage Company of William Russell, 5th Earl of Bedford, and worked on draining the Fens for the next seven years. In 1658, Moore was able to produce a 16-sheet Mapp of the Great Levell of the Fens, which provided an effective means of displaying the Company's achievements in altering the Fenland landscape of East Anglia.
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The climate of East Anglia is generally dry and mild. Temperatures range from an average of 1–10 °C in the winter to 12–22 °C in the summer, although it is not uncommon for daily temperatures to fall and rise significantly outside these averages. Although water plays a significant role in the Fenland and Broadland landscapes, the area is among the driest in the United Kingdom and during the summer months, tinder-dry conditions are frequently experienced, occasionally resulting in field and heath fires. Many areas receive less than 700mm of rainfall a year and this is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year.
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The United Kingdom Independence Party made substantial gains, taking 11 seats from the Conservatives mostly in Fenland and northern Huntingdonshire. Southern Huntingdonshire saw the Conservatives lose a seat to the Liberal Democrats in the Godmanchester & Huntingdon East division, as well as two seats to independents in the St Neots Eaton Socon & Eynesbury division. The Labour Party gained seats in Cambridge from the Liberal Democrats and the Green Party, including Arbury which Labour had won in a 2011 by-election, winning half of the city's 14 county council divisions. In East Cambridgeshire, the Conservatives gained both divisions in Ely from the Liberal Democrats but lost Littleport to UKIP.
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Firsby stands on the northern side of the River Steeping waterway, which is the lower part of the River Lymn, and to the east of the Lincolnshire Wolds on a tract of flat fenland, bounded by Boston Deeps and the North Sea. It is within inland by road from the holiday centre of Skegness on the Lincolnshire coast. The Wolds comprise a series of low hills and steep valleys underlain by calcareous chalk, green limestone and sandstone rock, laid down in the Cretaceous period under a shallow warm sea. The characteristic open valleys of the Wolds were created during the last ice age through the action of glaciation and meltwater.
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Chatteris's name probably derives from the Celtic Cedrid – Ced meaning a wood and Rid, a ford, although it may also derive from "cader", meaning hill fort, suggesting a similar site to the nearby Stonea Camp.The Historic Towns of Cambridgeshire, An Extensive Urban Survey: Chatteris , Cambridgeshire County Council publication (draft, 2001), 9 The town was mentioned in the Domesday Book as "Cetriz" and "Cateriz".Kelly's Directory of Cambridgeshire, (London: Kelly's Directories Limited, 1900), pp.99. Archaeological evidence has been found of Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements in the area, and Chatteris possesses what has been interpreted as the only upstanding Neolithic boundaries in Fenland.
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Village sign in Chatteris The town is in the North East Cambridgeshire parliamentary constituency, with the incumbent MP being the Conservative Stephen Barclay. The constituency is now considered a safe Conservative seat, although the Liberal MP Clement Freud held the seat from its creation in 1983 to 1987 and the former Isle of Ely seat from 1973 to 1984.Stephen Barclay constituency profile, URL accessed 17 July 2016 The town is locally governed by Cambridgeshire County Council, Fenland District Council and Chatteris Town Council, each performing separate functions. Chatteris Town Council consists of the following electoral wards: Birch; Slade Lode; The Mills and Wenneye.
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Principal filming began at Wisbech in Cambridgeshire (including Wisbech Castle and Peckover House) on 10 November 2007, continuing for some weeks and taking in the heritage area of the Crescent, the Castle and the museum. It continued at Holkham Hall in Norfolk and Elveden Hall in Suffolk, once home to and remodelled for the last Maharajah of Punjab in the years just before the film's setting. Elm Hill in Norwich and the cloisters at Norwich Cathedral were also used.Norwich, Norfolk: 18 December 2007, Norwich Evening News (Kate Scotter)Wisbech, Cambs: The Fenland Citizen, 21 November 2007: Hollywood Comes to Wisbech Further filming took place in New Zealand.
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45-48 Toby Martin has identified the region as one in which a mass migration of these incomers likely occurred; there are particularly few Celtic toponyms in most of East Anglia.Toby F. Martin, The Cruciform Brooch and Anglo-Saxon England, Boydell and Brewer Press (2015), pp. 174-178 Suggestions have been made that the descendants of the Iceni survived longer in the Fens. In the Life of Saint Guthlac – a biography of the East Anglian hermit who lived in the Fenland during the early 8th century – it is stated that Saint Guthlac was attacked on several occasions by demons who spoke Brittonic languages living in the Fens at that time.
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The inaugural Cambridgeshire and Peterborough mayoral election was held on 4 May 2017 to elect the Mayor of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough. The supplementary vote system was used to elect the mayor for a four-year term of office. Subsequent elections will be held in May 2021 and every four years after. The mayor will lead the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority established in 2017 by the seven local councils in Cambridgeshire (Cambridgeshire County Council, Peterborough City Council, Cambridge City Council, East Cambridgeshire District Council, Fenland District Council, Huntingdonshire District Council and South Cambridgeshire District Council) as part of a devolution deal giving local government in the county additional powers and funding.
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Stranded after a car accident in the Fenland village of Fenchurch St. Paul on New Year's Eve, Lord Peter Wimsey helps ring a nine-hour peal on the church bells overnight after William Thoday, one of the ringers, is struck down with influenza. Lady Thorpe, wife of Sir Henry, the local squire, dies the next morning and Wimsey hears how the family has been blighted by the theft 20 years previously of a valuable emerald necklace which was never recovered. The family's then butler, Deacon, and his accomplice from London, Cranton, were convicted and imprisoned. In 1918, long before the end of Deacon's prison term, he killed a warder and escaped.
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The success and prosperity of the market fluctuated over the years and an attempt by the Local Board to purchase the market rights to mark Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee of 1887 was a failure. However, in 1897, Sir Algernon Peyton agreed to sell the market rights, the Market Place and Market House to March Urban District Council for £800. At that time the market was leased to F. B. Phillips, who agreed to surrender his lease in 1898 subject to receiving the market tolls for one year without charge. The market rights passed to Fenland District Council following the local government reorganisation in 1974.
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Isle of Ely 1648 by J Blaeu Until the 17th century, the area was an island surrounded by a large area of fenland, a type of swamp. It was coveted as an area difficult to penetrate, and was controlled in the very early medieval period by the Gyrwas, an Anglo-Saxon tribe. Upon their marriage in 652, Tondbert, a prince of the Gyrwas, presented Æthelthryth (who became St. Æthelthryth), the daughter of King Anna of the East Angles, with the Isle of Ely. She afterwards founded a monastery at Ely, which was destroyed by Viking raiders in 870, but was rebuilt and became a famous Abbey and Shrine.
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In 1924 the woodland came under the control of the Forestry Commission. The area also includes Old Pale hill, the high point of the northern mass of the Mid Cheshire Ridge, and Blakemere Moss, a lake around in length. Black Lake, a rare example of quaking bog or schwingmoor, has been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and forms part of an international Ramsar site; Linmer Moss has also been designated an SSSI for its fenland habitat. The white-faced darter, a species of dragonfly rare in the UK, and marsh fern and white sedge, wetland plants that are rare in Cheshire, are found here.
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The navigation starts at Weighton Lock, which is bi-directional, due to the tidal range of the River Humber. It crosses flat fenland to the north of the lock, passing under the Selby to Hull railway bridge and bridges carrying the B1230 road at Newport and the M62 motorway, which have restricted the headroom available for boats to about . Above Sandholme Landing, the canal is joined by the River Foulness entering from the left, and about further on lies the derelict Sod House lock, the current head of navigation. Much of the canal beyond has been filled in, although drainage channels closely follow its route.
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The soldiers stationed to defend the town were commanded by Colonel Sir John Palgrave and Captain William Dodson; and the ammunition, and other warlike stores, were supplied from a Dutch ship, which the Queen had dispatched from Holland for the use of the Royalists, but which had been captured. In 1643 the castle was used to secure the river Nene frontier and to block any attempt by the Newark garrison to relieve the besieged King's Lynn Royalists. The castle was armed with cannon 'Great Guns' from Ely and money from the town paid for ironwork to repair the drawbridge. The garrison at Wisbech was commanded by Lt Col Dodson and carried out skirmishing in the surrounding Fenland.
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Though no longer an island in the 12th century, the high conical bulk of Glastonbury Tor in today's South-West England had been surrounded by marsh before the surrounding fenland in the Somerset Levels was drained. In ancient times, Ponter's Ball Dyke would have guarded the only entrance to the island. The Romans eventually built another road to the island. Glastonbury's earliest name in Welsh was the Isle of Glass, which suggests that the location was at one point seen as an island. At the end of 12th century, Gerald of Wales wrote in De instructione principis: Around 1190, monks at Glastonbury Abbey claimed to have discovered the bones of Arthur and his wife Guinevere.
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For the other drawings, the arrangement was that the owner of the estate would pay for the plate to be made, and Harris would pay for the printing. Most of the drawings were engraved by John Kip and the rest by another John Harris (not the author). The history was published in 1719, but the drawings and plates were probably completed several years earlier. In the 1720s and 1730s, Badeslade produced several volumes dealing with river navigation and canals, such as The history of the ancient and present state of the navigation of the port of King's-Lyn, and of Cambridge, and the rest of the trading-towns in those parts..., a 1725 treatise on fenland navigation and drainage.
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Ealdwulf, along with Æthelred of Mercia and Aldfrith of Northumbria, were addressed by Pope Sergius in a letter of 693, urging their acceptance of Berhtwald of Reculver as the successor to Theodore at Canterbury. The closing years of Ealdwulf's reign were coloured by the unsatisfactory rule of Ceolred of Mercia, who was castigated by Boniface for what the historian Barbara Yorke describes as "personal immorality and violation of church priviledges". At this time the Mercian royal hermit Guthlac was living on the fenland island of Crowland. His secluded retreat became a place of refuge for the Mercian royal counter- claimant, Æthelbald, who appears to have received encouragement and protection there from the East Anglian nobility.
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St Mary's Church, Over in July 2014 St Mary's Church is made almost entirely of stone from Barnack, in the extreme north of Cambridgeshire. It has traces of 14th century work, including flower-ball carvings, gargoyles representing birds and beasts, and a south porch of perfect proportions. Its size reflects the significant income the village received from, among other things, the Suffolk wool trade and goods sold in the market at St Ives. Unlike many Fenland and edge-of-fen churches, it is highly ornamented, which is evidence of the amount of money that was available at the time of construction and decoration: the more complicated the work, the more it cost.
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West Downham is a small Fenland parish in the west of the county of Norfolk. There is no village called West Downham within the parish, only a small hamlet which is called Salters Lode. The hamlet is strung out along the A1122 roadCounty A to Z Atlas, Street & Road maps Norfolk, that hugs the drains and the course of the Great Ouse river, and consist of a few isolated farms standing out in the Fen. The name of Downham comes from the Old English meaning 'homestead on a hill',Dictionary of English Place-Names: By A D Mills (Oxford, Oxford University Press) and West designation from the direction from nearby Downham Market.
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The historic marsh or fenland character of the Weald Moors was formed after the last Ice Age, when the area was part of the glacial Lake Newport, connected to the larger Lake Lapworth. An underlying accumulation of peat led to the development of a large basin mire with waterlogged land: by the mediaeval period larger settlements had only developed on its edges,Darby and Terrett, The Domesday Geography of Midland England, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp.156-157 although an Iron Age marsh fort at Wall Camp is evidence that the defensible nature of the marshland was exploited by early inhabitants. Under the mediaeval manorial system most of the area became classified as uncultivated "waste".
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The fenland between the hamlet and the Witham had been enclosed in 1799 and was "well drained and cultivated". The land was in the possession of various local families, but had been, between 1780 and 1787, held by William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam. At the enclosure, the tithes - typically one-tenth of the produce or profits of the land given to the rector for his services - were commuted to an allotment of to support the ecclesiastical parish vicar. An "ancient" St Oswald's chapel of ease began decaying in 1776, and was replaced in 1852 by a new chapel, built by subscription in Early English style, the curacy of which was attached to Billinghay vicarage.
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The recent Fenland survey of archaeological finds mentions an enumeration of findings made between 1884 and 1994 in the region to the north of Devil's Dyke and Cambridge, from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age (the region south of Devil's Dyke is not yet included in the survey). By far the greatest quantities of bronze objects found in England were discovered in East Cambridgeshire. The most important Bronze Age finds were discovered in Isleham (more than 6500 pieces), Stuntney, Soham, Wicken, Chippenham, Coveney, Mepal and Wilburton. These findings include swords, spear-heads, arrows, axes, palstaves, knives, daggers, rapiers, armour, decorative equipment (in particular for horses) and many fragments of sheet bronze.
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Since 2007, the Clarion Cycling Club has doubled its membership to almost 2,000 members across some 14 sections. In 2018, the club had active sections in Brighton & Hove, Cotswold, Fenland, Heanor, Gosport, Ironbridge, Lancashire (Barnoldswick, Blackpool, Bolton, Bury, Clitheroe), Greater Manchester (Manchester, Saddleworth, Stockport), London, north Cheshire, Nottinghamshire (Nottingham, Tuxford), Scotland (Coatbridge, West Lothian), Sunderland, Teesside, and Yorkshire (Calder, Yorkshire Coast). A 'private' membership category caters for members who do not live close to a regional section or who do not want to join a local club. Today the Clarion stands less for political activism and more for all forms of cycle activities, including cycle tourism, sportives, club events, road, track and cyclo-cross racing.
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Prior to Frederick, the fenland often flooded to the point where boats had to be used for transport, and it was during his time at Brothertoft that drainage, and then enclosure began. Around 1767 the inhabitants of Brothertoft, who occupied 52 houses in the hamlet, were "most active" in rioting as a protest against the enclosure of Holland Fen. They regarded this land as being for their pleasure and sustenance, and in particular as a location for fishing and fowling. Aside from general rioting and the removal of recently erected fencing, up to 200 people also played football on the land in an attempt to assert their historic rights, forcing Frederick to send men to guard the area.
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Following his work for the Duke of Baccleuch, he was asked to survey the parish of Moulton in 1733. The request came from the Commissioners of Sewers, and the survey was to include plans for improving the drainage of the parish lands. It is unclear whether the plans were implemented, but in the following year, he was surveying of fenland to the west of Spalding, at the request of the Adventurers of Deeping Fen. He produced a map of of the River Welland, and proposed the construction of a reservoir and sluice at the junction of the River Glen and the Welland, which would be used to scour the river below that point.
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Brake Bros Ltd have a depot near the Gonerby Moor service station, off the B1174. Fenland Foods (part of Northern Foods) on the Earlesfield Industrial Estate, was closed in September 2008 following loss of business with Marks and Spencer, their sole customer. On Ellesmere Business park is Väderstad-Verken UK, its parent company based in Väderstad in Sweden and Tecknit Europe (makers of electromagnetic shielding equipment), owned from 2006 by Parker Hannifin based in Cranford, New Jersey. At Easton, south of Grantham, are two large facilities. The first is Norbert Dentressangle who bought Christian Salvesen plc in November 2007 and have maintained the frozen storage and distribution operation which has been at the site since the late 1960s.
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Cleethorpes is well-served by road and rail; it is easily accessible from the M180 and the TransPennine Express route to Manchester. Nature is an attraction for many tourists: the south-east of the county is mainly fenland that attracts many species of birds, as do the national nature reserves at Gibraltar Point, Saltfleetby-Theddlethorpe and Donna Nook, which also contains a large grey seal colony which is popular with visitors. The market towns of the Lincolnshire Wolds (Louth, Alford, Horncastle, Caistor and Spilsby) are also attractive, with several having historically important buildings, such as Alford Manor House and Bolingbroke Castle. The Wolds are popular for cycling and walking, with regular events such as the Lincolnshire Wolds Walking Festival.
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Cambridge Science Park Cambridge Business Park Peterhouse Technology Park Melbourn Science Park Granta Park Cambourne Business Park Silicon Fen (sometimes known as the Cambridge Cluster) is the name given to the region around Cambridge, England, which is home to a large cluster of high-tech businesses focusing on software, electronics and biotechnology. Many of these businesses have connections with the University of Cambridge, and the area is now one of the most important technology centres in Europe. It is called "Silicon Fen" by analogy with Silicon Valley in California, because it lies at the southern tip of the English Fenland. The interest in technology in the area started with Sinclair Research and Acorn Computers.
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The best available report lumps together Dyke, Twenty, South Fen and Spalding Road outside Bourne, with a total of 495,Office for National Statistics web site, 2011 census, Key Statistics with Dyke being the largest. Twenty is surrounded by rich land reclaimed from wetland which was formerly fenland interspersed with marine creeks. It is part of the broad lowland, reclaimed from freshwater fen, marine marshland and creek levees, known as the Lincolnshire Fens. It is now some of the richest agricultural silt (marine) and black (freshwater) land in England, though the oxidation of the humus of the black soil has progressively exposed more of the clay derived from the underlying former salt marsh.
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In 2002 and 2003 Wimblington & Stonea won the Fenland Section of the Calor Village of the Year competition. In 2003 Wimblington & Stonea also won the Cambridgeshire section an achievement which was marked by the presentation of the prestigious Fairhaven Trophy, which was awarded by Lord Fairhaven of Anglesey Abbey. In the same year, Wimblington & Stonea was one of 40 villages throughout England and Wales to be put forward for the Village of the Year final, where the community won the Youth Section for the East of England and the Home Counties. In 2005 the community worked to raise funds for the refurbishment of the village's beautiful Italian marble War Memorial which can be found within St Peter's churchyard.
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Damford Grounds, a low-lying area of fenland, lies to the north of the village, and Damford Drain, the main drainage ditch, is pumped into the river by a pumping station on the west bank. After passing Terry Booth Farm on the east bank, the 18th century buildings of which are Grade II listed, and a farm with the same name on the west bank, Lower Kyme lock is reached, from Sleaford. The Twenty Foot Drain and its pumping station join the river as it makes another sharp turn to the east, to reach a set of flood doors and Chapel Hill bridge, beyond which is the River Witham, flowing south-east to Boston.
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In 1954 the canal and certain fenland and flood meadow areas were notified as a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest and renotified in 1995 for boundary alterations.Natural England SSSI information on the citationNatural England SSSI information on the Coombe Hill Canal unitsTewkesbury Borough Local Plan to 2011, adopted March 2006, Appendix 3 'Nature Conservation', Sites of Special Scientific Interest In 1999 the meadows around the middle of the canal were purchased by the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust, which is restoring the wetland. The meadows are on either side of the canal. The canal is the home of a number of rare and uncommon beetle species, and of two species of fly that have not been found anywhere else in the UK.
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1983–1997: The District of Fenland, the District of East Cambridgeshire wards of Downham, Haddenham, Littleport, Stretham, Sutton, and Witchford, and the City of Peterborough wards of Eye, Newborough, and Thorney. The seat was created for the 1983 general election which followed on from the merger under the Local Government Act 1972, of the two administrative counties of Huntingdon and Peterborough and Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely to form the non-metropolitan county of Cambridgeshire, with effect from 1 April 1974. It was formed from the abolished constituency of Isle of Ely, with the exception of the city of Ely itself, which was included in the new County Constituency of South East Cambridgeshire. The three City of Peterborough wards were transferred from the Borough Constituency of Peterborough.
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58–9 But this would be based on the assumption that the early part of the story is largely fictitious. His birthplace is supposed to be in or near Bourne in Lincolnshire. The Domesday Book shows that a man named Hereward held lands in the parishes of Witham on the Hill and Barholm with Stow in the southwestern corner of Lincolnshire as a tenant of Peterborough Abbey;For maps, see eg Hereward the Wake at Open Domesday, and map of places associated with persons called Hereweard at PASE Domesday prior to his exile, Hereward had also held lands as a tenant of Croyland Abbey at Crowland, east of Market Deeping in the neighbouring fenland. In those times it was a boggy and marshy area.
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The Gesta includes other fantastical tales about Hereward's prowess, including disguising himself as a potter to spy on the king and escaping from captivity. It is said that the Normans, probably led by one of William's knights named Belasius (Belsar), then bribed the monks of the island to reveal a safe route across the marshes, resulting in Ely's capture. An earlier hillfort now known as Belsar's Hill is still extant and sits astride the much older route known as Aldreth's Causeway, which would have been a direct route from the Isle of Ely to Cambridge."Belsar's Hill," The Modern Antiquarian Morcar was taken and imprisoned, but Hereward is said to have escaped with some of his followers into the wild fenland and to have continued his resistance.
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He also tackled the science of flow through a sluice, and insisted that draining of fenland could only be achieved by accurate mapping, correct determination of levels, and detailed observations on the ground. His conclusions met with the approval of John Theophilus Desaguliers, another Fellow of the Royal Society, who advocated the application of science to engineering problems, and who wrote papers on Experimental Philosophy. In 1735, Grundy went to see the River Dee, where Nathaniel Kinderley was working on a new ship canal through Chester. Although he thought that there were some aspects which could be better, he was upset by a paper published by Thomas Badeslade, which was extremely critical of it, and also of the work he was doing at Deeping Fen.
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The fourth hooden horse that Maylam encountered was owned by the men who worked at George Goodson's farm in Fenland, Word, near Sandwich. They informed him that it had been made by a farm hand in Cleve, Monkton, before being brought to Word when one of the Cleve farm workers relocated there. Maylam believed that the custom—as a "natural and spontaneous observance" among the people—was clearly going to die out, expressing his hope that the hooden horses could be preserved in Kentish museums and brought out for specially arranged public processions so as to maintain their place in Kentish culture. In later life, Maylam focused his attentions on exploring his family history, privately publishing Maylam Family Records in 1932, before dying in 1939.
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Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) production was first commercially developed in France, in response to the effect of the blockades on imports from the West Indies during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars with Britain and other countries. Later, beet was raised in the reclaimed fenland east of Bourne, after trials elsewhere in England had proved unsuccessful. Although Britain's ravenous demand for sugar was mostly met by European beet and West Indian cane sugar imports until shortly after 1900, the successful sugar beet production in areas such as that around Twenty just met the nation's sugar requirements during the First and Second World Wars. Twenty had a railway station from 1866 until its closure in 1959 when a large part of the local railway system was closed.
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M Shephard, Baker, Corn, Flour and Offal Dealer'. At the junction of Main Street and the north of West Street is a Dutch gable frontage of a building made asymmetrical through earlier alteration. At the other corner is a brick built former shop dating to the 19th century, with its door in a rounded corner. In 2014, Fenland District Council adopted a Local Plan for Tydd Gote, which laid out planning proposals and development strategy for the Cambridgeshire part, which it describes as containing a stable population of 80, as having "no mains drainage and no surface water system", and as abutting the "Tydd Gote [South Holland] Conservation Area", therefore requiring sensitivity to the character of the rest of the village.
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Hyssington Church, Montgomeryshire, Interior St-Aethelthryth from Benedictional of St. Æthelwold, 10 C British Library The church is dedicated to the Saxon Saint Æthelthryth (or Æþelðryþe); about 636 – 23 June 679) is the name for the Anglo-Saxon saint known, particularly in a religious context, as Etheldreda or Audrey. She was an East Anglian princess, a Fenland and Northumbrian queen and Abbess of Ely. The existence of a Saxon church dedication that is likely to be 7th or 8th century in date and just to the east of Offa's Dyke, which runs through Churchstoke parish must be significant. The dedication should indicated an early Saxon or Mercian settlement and there is a possibility that an earlier Saxon hall or settlement lies under the adjacent Norman motte.
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Gedney Marsh Wind Farm Gedney and its parish lies on reclaimed fenland, making it one of the most intensive crop-growing areas in the UK. To the west, the parish begins at the eastern end of the Fleet Hargate bypass, and includes the village's campsite and a few houses, bordering the parish of Fleet. The boundary passes close to the west of Gedney Dyke, and meets the parish of Holbeach. It passes just to the west of Gedney Dyke Farm then follows Fleet Haven, near to the wind farm to the west of nearby Red House Farm. It deviates to the east from Fleet Haven and passes to the west of (another) Red House Farm then rejoins Fleet Haven just south of Wards Farm.
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The area in which the drains lie is fenland, most of it at about sea level, and is bounded to the south west by the River Witham and to the south east by a low silt ridge of marine origin which separates it from The Wash. The northern boundary is defined by Coningsby to the north west, Spilsby and the southern edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds to the north, and Wainfleet and the Steeping River to the north east. It is divided into the East Fen and the West Fen, separated by a strip of higher ground, some long and wide, on which are situated the villages of Stickford, Stickney and Sibsey. The A16 road follows this higher ground,Ordnance Survey, 1:50,000 map which is glacial in origin.
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Nowadays Townshend is chiefly remembered for his bequests. Attached to his will of 1863 is an inventory of his collections, which lists 4464 books, 1411 paintings, engravings and prints (including works by Canaletto, Rubens and Teniers), 687 fossils, 9 cases of stuffed birds and animals, a large collection of coins, 622 specimens of gems and minerals, 267 pieces of jewellery, 5 portfolios of autographs and a collection of maps. Most of the artworks and photographs, and some of the books and jewellery were acquired by the South Kensington Museum in London, and most of the rest went to the Wisbech and Fenland Museum. This includes part of a Sèvres porcelain breakfast service thought to have been captured from Napoleon's baggage after the Battle of Waterloo, and the manuscript of Great Expectations.
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The catchment has an area of , which lies between that of the Polser brook and River Smite to the north, and that of the Kingston brook to the south. The brook has a number of tributaries, which are mostly unnamed, except for the stream that flows from Gotham, known as the Gotham brook, the stream that flows between Ruddington village and Mickleborough Hill which is known as Packman's Dike, and the Nethergate brook which drains the Clifton estate. Fairham brook flowing through Bunny moor In its middle reaches the brook drains an area known as "The Moors", a flat fenland landscape that includes Ruddington, Bunny, Bradmore and Gotham moors. Agricultural drainage is important for these moors, with the smaller drains being maintained by the Trent Valley Internal Drainage Board.
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He published a paper of his findings in April 1734, and insisted that accurate mapping and levels, together with physical observation of drains and rivers, were essential to deciding how fenland could best be drained. In the same month, he began working for the Adventurers of Deeping Fen, to produce a drainage scheme. He spent some time mapping of the Welland, and his chief recommendation was for a reservoir and sluice at the outfall of the River Glen, which would enable the outfall to be scoured at low tide, by releasing water from the reservoir. In July 1737 Grundy and Humphry Smith set out their plans for the fen, and a bill was put before Parliament, to allow the Adventurers to raise the £15,000 estimated cost by taxes.
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A native of England, she was born to actor and manager Joseph George Holman (1764–1817) and debuted as an actor at the Theatre-Royal, Covent Garden, London in 1812. She and her father performed in April 1812 at the Georgian Theatre, Wisbech (now the Angles Theatre), managed by Thomas Shaftoe Robertson, as Cora and Rolla in Pizzarro on 8th, Desdemona and Othello in Othello on 10th, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth in Macbeth on 11th, and she played Lady Contest in the Farce of The Wedding Day the same night (this also being their Benefit and last night). The handbills for these performances are among the hundreds of those in the collection of the Wisbech & Fenland Museum. Afterwards they left for the United States, where she spent her remaining career.
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The group has been together for 32 years and in that time they have produced 17 LPs and 13 CDs, most notably an album that can only be bought directly from Nicaragua known as "Merry Christmas Nicaragua." This Christmas album is known for having all of the classic Christmas songs combined with the band's authentic sound and incorrect lyrics. The album first made it to the UK, the first country (Other than Nicaragua) to have the album, in 2005 when Clayton Payne, a man well known in the Fenland area for his football expertise and travelling abroad, brought it back when he saw a local selling the album in Managua Airport. The band have performed in many places through the world: from Managua to Los Angeles, from Miami to Europe.
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Lord de Ramsey farms the family's 6,000 acre estate around the village of Abbots Ripton, Huntingdonshire. He has a longstanding interest in fenland drainage, acting as a commissioner for the Middle Level Commissioners, President of the Association of Drainage Authorities 1991-1994 and 2001-present, and a director of the Cambridge Water Company from 1974–1994. He was president of the Country Landowners Association (1991–1993), a Crown Estate commissioner 1994–2002, and president of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 2002–03. Other roles include Chairman of the Cambridgeshire Farmers Union (1982), Director of the Shuttleworth Trust (1982–1995), Member of the Governing Body of the Institute of Plant Science Research (1984–1989), Director of Strutt and Parker (Farms) Limited (from 1993), and Director of the Lawes Agricultural Trust (from 1996).
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First recorded at the start of the 13th century Mepal's history has always been tied up with that of The Fens and the village is less than ten metres above sea level. One of the smaller villages of the Isle of Ely, Mepal lies at the western end of the Isle on what was once the shore between the fenland and the higher ground of the Isle.About Mepal The Old Bedford River and the New Bedford River (also known as the Hundred Foot Drain) run very close on the northwestern side of the village, and the only important bridges of the rivers are found in Mepal. The old and new rivers, originally modified by the Victorians, offer the main drainage route for the Fens and retain a major flood plain between the two river beds.
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As part of an extensive fenland region, Cottenham is drained by a system of ditches and lodes which are believed to have been built or at least significantly expanded by the Romans. The northern regions of the parish drain into the Roman Car Dyke, a large drainage ditch which traverses the Fens in between the River Cam and the River Great Ouse, and the central village drains into Cottenham Lode, one of the many Cambridgeshire Lodes used to connect villages to the River Great Ouse as it travelled towards The Wash. The north-east of the parish is bounded by a section of the major Roman road, Akeman Street. The parish is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as housing 60 tenants, however the population fluctuated until the 13th century when the parish boundaries became somewhat fixed and pastures were enclosed.
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Phelips became a Freeman of Portsmouth in April 1660 and was warden of Salcey Forest, Northamptonshire from July to August 1660. He became groom of the bedchamber to King Charles in 1661 with a salary of £500 a year. Also in 1661, he was called to the bar and was elected Member of Parliament for Stockbridge in the Cavalier Parliament. He was a commissioner for assessment for Surrey from 1661 to 1664 and for Wiltshire from 1661 to 1669, and a commissioner for loyal and indigent officers for London, Westminster and Somerset in 1662. He became involved with Samuel Sandys' fenland reclamation and was commissioner for sewers for the Bedford level from 1662 to 1663 and conservator for the Bedford level from 1663 to 1665, from 1666 to 1667 and from 1669 to 1670, In 1671 he was commissioner for encroachments at Windsor.
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In 2010, as part of the £300 million Greater Peterborough health investment plan, the city's two hospitals transferred to a single site on the grounds of the former Edith Cavell Hospital in Westwood, with the aim of providing a flexible facility more suited to modern healthcare.Greater Peterborough Health Investment Plan Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough Primary Care Trust and Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership Trust (retrieved 23 April 2007) The maternity unit also closed and moved into a dedicated women and children’s unit within the new hospital. The name Peterborough City Hospital was chosen by public competition in 2008 and together with the adjacent mental health unit, known as the Cavell Centre, it now forms the Edith Cavell Healthcare Campus. Planning permission was granted for an integrated care centre on the site of the former Fenland Wing in 2006 and the City Care Centre opened in 2009.
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The Cambridge and St Ives branch (as it is named on New Popular Editions Ordnance Survey maps) was a railway built by the Wisbech, St Ives & Cambridge Junction Railway in the late 1840s. The railway ran from Cambridge in the south, through Fenland countryside to the market town of St Ives; more specifically, the line ran from Chesterton Junction, where it met the present- day Fen line north of the River Cam. Passenger services along the line managed to survive the Beeching Axe, but with British Rail citing heavy losses the final passenger service ran between St Ives and Cambridge on 5 October 1970. Despite campaigns to reopen the service during the 1970s, the only subsequent rail traffic on the line was a freight service to Chivers in Histon which ran until 1983 and a contract to ferry sand from ARC at Fen Drayton which continued until May 1992.
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This route follows broadly the former route of the Great Northern Railway Grantham to Lincoln line which had stations at Barkston, Honington, Caythorpe, Leadenham, Navenby, Harmston, Waddington and Bracebridge. Grantham fire station on Harlaxton Road The birthplace of Margaret Thatcher The road passes under the A1 as Harlaxton Road, with the exit to the southbound A1 (for the Ramada Grantham and the former Fenland Foods), on the left where the road loses its primary route status. It passes close to Walton Academy, on the right. Grantham Fire stationGrantham Fire Station is on the left, and at a cross roads with traffic lights it meets Trent Road, to the left, and Springfield Road, to the right. Springfield Road is a spur of the A607, and passes under the East Coast Main Line at a (13 ft - 3.8 m) low bridge, with single-lane access, to meet the A52.
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According to A Dictionary of British Place Names, Guyhirn, which was 'La Gyerne' in 1275, derives from the Old French 'guie', which means "a guide" (referencing the control of tidal flow or a "salt-water ditch"), with the Old English 'hyrne', which means an "angle or corner of land".Mills, Anthony David (2003); A Dictionary of British Place Names, Oxford University Press, revised edition (2011), p.217. According to folklore, recorded in the early nineteenth century, Guyhirn was the site of "a severe engagement between a Saxon King and the abbot of Ely... the legend informs us that 5000 men were brought into the field... it arose from disputes respecting the boundaries of property." The village is on the opposite bank of the River Nene to Ring's End where John Morton, Bishop of Ely, erected a tower house to oversee his new drain, Morton's Leam, one of the oldest fenland drains, in the late fifteenth century.
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According to the Order, in the late 1960s a Grand Mistress of one such group united three of these temples - Camlad, the Temple of the Sun, and The Noctulians - to form the ONA, before welcoming outsiders into the tradition. According to the Order's account, one of those whom the Grand Mistress initiated into the group was "Anton Long", an individual who described himself as a British citizen who had spent much of his youth visiting Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Long claimed that prior to his involvement in the ONA he had been interested in occultism for several years, having contacted a coven based in Fenland in 1968, before moving to London and joining groups that practiced ceremonial magic in the style of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and Aleister Crowley. He also claimed a brief involvement in a Satanic group based in Manchester, the Orthodox Temple of the Prince run by Ray Bogart, during which time he encountered the ONA Grand Mistress.
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294, 295. Methuen & Co. Ltd. Rochford family members include a soldier in Edward III’s French wars who was charged with the safety of John II of France during his captivity at Somerton Castle, Lincolnshire, a commissioner of Lincolnshire banks and sewers (fenland drainage), one given authority by Richard II to oversee horse and cattle selling in Holland and Kesteven, and between 1344 and 1409, six becoming High Sheriffs of Lincolnshire. Sir Ralph Rochford, who provided for the building of South Stoke St Mary's south chapel, was granted at Stoke free warren—hunting privilege from the King in 1448 on condition of preventing exploitation by others—a position previously held by John de Neville of Ganthorpe during the reign of Edward II. A sculptured high relief slab, possibly of John de Neville and his wife, was found in a field at Ganthorpe now lies in the north chapel, having been installed in the 19th century.
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Pumping station in Zoetermeer, the Netherlands: The polder lies lower than the surrounding water on the other side of the dike. The Archimedes' screws are clearly visible. The Netherlands is frequently associated with polders, as its engineers became noted for developing techniques to drain wetlands and make them usable for agriculture and other development. This is illustrated by the saying "God created the world, but the Dutch created the Netherlands".Cf. Forrest Clingerman, Brian Treanor, Martin Drenthen, David Utsler, Interpreting Nature: The Emerging Field of Environmental Hermeneutics, Fordham University Press, 1 sep. 2013. The sentence stems from a poem by Archibald Pitcairn (1652–1713): Tellurem fecere dei, sua littora Belgae. C.D. van Strien, British Travellers in Holland During the Stuart Period: Edward Browne and John Locke as Tourists in the United Provinces, Leiden 1993, 164. The Dutch have a long history of reclamation of marshes and fenland, resulting in some 3,000 polders nationwide. By 1961, about half of the country's land, , was reclaimed from the sea.
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North of Lake Pickering, the North Sea ice sheet was restrained by the North York Moors while the Cleveland Hills deflected the British ice to the west of the Vale of Pickering, down the Ouse valley. The small proglacial lakes, including Lake Eskdale and Lake Wheeldale, which formed in the northern valleys of the North York Moors overflowed one into another then overflowed via the col at the head of Newton Dale, which now leads south to Pickering via Pickering Beck. With the old exit blocked by the North Sea ice sheet, the Vale of Pickering filled and overflowed between the Howardian Hills and the Yorkshire Wolds into an arm of a much larger proglacial Lake Humber which filled the lower Ouse valley, the lower Trent valley and, via a narrow gap at Lincoln, the Fenland basin. The extent of the Ouse valley ice varied from time to time but there are two major terminal moraines, one at Escrick and one at York.
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The same year, she played Margaretta in No Song, No Supper at the Robertson and Franklin company's Peterborough theatre. She performed extensively in Norwich during her career. She appeared at the Georgian Wisbech theatre (now the Angles Theatre), Wisbech, as Rosabelle in Foundling of the Forest from 27 April 1810 until her benefit night on 25 May (her credit states: "Her first appearance these 3 years"), followed by Garrick's The Jubilee on each date, as 1st country girl.Handbills held by the Wisbech & Fenland Museum At Wisbech, 10 years later, Ross appeared on 2 and 14 May 1820 as Miss Nancy in Killing No Murder, on 11 May 1820 as Rosabelle in Foundling of the Forest, played together with Bluebeard, in which she played Fatima, on 15 May she was Agnes in The Mountaineers, and on 16 May 1820 she appeared in Pizarro; or, The Conquror of Peru, together with the Browns, and also played Maria in Of Age Tomorrow on the same bill.
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Afterwards he published a series of letters Lettere Familiari de Giuseppe Baretti including a description of his Wisbech visit. He attended horse races, the theatre, public balls, public suppers and assemblies. William Cobbett (1763–1835), who 'speechified' to about 220 people in the Playhouse Angles Theatre in April 1830, called it 'a good solid town, though not handsome' and re marked the export of corn William Macready arrived in Wisbech on 13 June 1836 and performed in Hamlet and Macbeth in what is now the Angles Theatre. He recorded his visit which was later published in 1875 in 'Diaries and Letters'. Charles Kingsley's 1850 novel Alton Locke has a character Bob Porter referring to the gibbeting of two Irish reapers at Wisbech River after trial for murder. Wisbech and Fenland Museum has a headpiece that was used with the gibbet in a similar case in the 18th century. Wisbeach and its river Nene (or Nen), wooden piling and riverport, two stations are mentioned by Hilaire Belloc (1870–1953) who dined at the Whyte Harte hotel, North Brink.
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The years of wartime shortages and rationing certainly did impair the variety and flavour of English food during the twentieth century, but the nation's cooking recovered from this with increasing prosperity and the availability of new ingredients from soon after the Second World War. Scrambled Egg and Bacon Ice Cream, as served at The Fat Duck restaurant In 2005, 600 food critics writing for the British Restaurant magazine named 14 British restaurants among the 50 best restaurants in the world, the number one being The Fat Duck in Bray, Berkshire, led by its chef Heston Blumenthal. The global reach of London has elevated it to the status of a leading centre of international cuisine. Meanwhile, the list of United Kingdom food and drink products with protected status (PDO) under European Union law has increased rapidly, with 59 items including Cornish sardines, Yorkshire Wensleydale cheese and Yorkshire forced rhubarb, Fenland celery, West Country lamb and beef and traditional Cumberland sausage listed as registered in 2015, and a further 13 including Birmingham Balti listed as applied for.
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BP) Carbon dating of bog oak found in the Fen Edge peat of Adventurers Fen near Wicken, almost from the nearest present-day coast at Kings Lynn, suggests the peat in this area was formed by a large marine incursion in about 2400 BC. The Nordelph peat, which covers a large area of fenland, including most of the Ely district, began forming around 4000 BP. Sampling of roddons in the area has confirmed that they were formed from the mid- to late-Holocene age -- 6000-2000 BP. The raised and layered banks of silt in a roddon contain mostly estuarine foraminifera and ostracods, which suggests that the silt was deposited through tidal processes. The raised nature of the roddon is debated. The archaeologist Major Gordon Fowler explained these are due to the extensive drainage of the fens, and "differential shrinkage" of the silt bed and the surrounding peat. Harry Godwin noted that near the Holme Fen post the peat surface stood above ordnance datum (OD) in 1848 with the clay of the fen floor about below OD. In 1957 Godwin reported the peat surface at the same post below OD -- a shrinkage of in 109 years.
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