Then they scrape away the shallow layer of leafy, peaty topsoil called muskeg.
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The area they picked is an inhospitable one with muskeg, dense bush, and limited resources.
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And over the past week, the denizens of that noble muskeg have risen up and exerted the separation of powers that Trump's victory always promised to test.
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While the diamond mine has provided some employment, most of the community of about 2,000 people survives by hunting moose and caribou in the surrounding bog-like muskeg or by fishing.
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The reserve, buried beneath a layer of muskeg and forest in the northeastern part of the province, holds a reservoir of heavy crude oil known as bitumen, mixed with sand, clay and water.
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The train tracks running over muskeg and the frozen soil of the boreal forest to Churchill from the nearest town to the south, Gillam, 239 miles away, were washed out in 252 places, according to their American corporate owner.
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"I see the university making efforts," said Jennifer McGillivary, 23, a single mother and nursing student who dropped out after her first year because she felt purposeless and lonely on campus, so different from her Cree reserve of Muskeg Lake.
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Nearly half of the city's 2,550 hotel rooms stood empty last year compared with a third in 2014, as did camps in the muskeg and boreal forest surrounding the city that housed tens of thousands of the fly-in-fly-out workers.
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Meets 2016 exit production guidance * Strategic oil and gas ltd - is now drilling its third muskeg well and maintains its production guidance of 4,000 boe/d exiting first half of 2017 * Strategic oil and gas-with respect to outstanding convertible debentures, has elected to pay interest in kind for semi-annual interest payment due on Feb 28, 2017 * Strategic oil and gas -about $3.7 million in additional debentures will be issued, which are convertible into shares of strategic at $0.135 per common share Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage:
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Muskeg Tower Airport, , is an airport located near Muskeg Tower, Alberta, Canada.
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Heavy equipment breaking through thawing muskeg in Wabasca oil field, Alberta. Muskeg can be a significant impediment to transportation. During the 1870s, muskeg in Northern Ontario was reported to have swallowed a railroad engine whole when a track was laid on muskeg instead of clearing down to bedrock. Many other instances have been reported of heavy construction equipment vanishing into muskeg in the spring as the frozen muskeg beneath the vehicle thawed.
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Muskeg can grow atop bodies of water, especially small ponds and streams. Because of the water beneath, the muskeg surface sometimes ripples underfoot. Thinner patches allow large animals to fall through, becoming trapped under the muskeg and drowning. Moose are at a special disadvantage in muskeg due to their long legs, minimal hoof area, and great weight.
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Poplar growing on muskeg Muskeg (Ojibwe: mashkiig; ; , lit. moss bog) is an acidic soil type common in Arctic and boreal areas, although it is found in other northern climates as well. Muskeg is approximately synonymous with bogland, but "muskeg" is the standard term in Western Canada and Alaska, while 'bog' is common elsewhere. The term became common in these areas because it is of Cree origin; (ᒪᐢᑫᐠ) meaning low-lying marsh.
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Large tracts of this soil existing in Siberia may be called muskeg or bogland interchangeably. Muskeg consists of dead plants in various states of decomposition (as peat), ranging from fairly intact sphagnum moss, to sedge peat, to highly decomposed humus. Pieces of wood can make up five to fifteen percent of the peat soil. Muskeg tends to have a water table near the surface.
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The Muskeg Formation consists primarily of anhydrite, with dolomite, halite (rock salt) and limestone.
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Muskeg Lake 102B is an Indian reserve of the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 67 kilometers northeast of North Battleford. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings.
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Muskeg Lake 102D is an Indian reserve of the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 43 kilometers southwest of Shellbrook. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings.
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Muskeg Lake 102E is an Indian reserve of the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 49 kilometers south of Shellbrook. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings.
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Muskeg Lake 102F is an Indian reserve of the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 41 kilometers southwest of Shellbrook. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 20 living in 8 of its 8 total private dwellings.
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Muskeg Lake 102G is an Indian reserve of the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 27 kilometers north of Blaine Lake. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 0 living in 0 of its 0 total private dwellings.
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The sphagnum moss forming it can hold fifteen to thirty times its own weight in water, allowing the spongy wet muskeg to form on sloping ground. Muskeg patches are ideal habitats for beavers, pitcher plants, agaric mushrooms and a variety of other organisms.
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Construction in muskeg-laden areas sometimes requires the complete removal of the soil and filling with gravel. If the muskeg is not completely cleared to bedrock, its high water content will cause buckling and distortion from winter freezing, much like permafrost. One method of working atop muskeg is to place large logs on the ground, covered with a thick layer of clay or other stable material. This is commonly called a corduroy road.
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In addition, cool temperatures retard bacterial and fungal growth. This causes slow decomposition, and thus the plant debris gradually accumulates to form peat and eventually muskeg. Depending on the underlying topography of the land, muskeg can reach depths greater than 30 metres (100 ft).
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Muskeg is an unincorporated community located in the town of Hughes, Bayfield County, Wisconsin, United States.
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Muskeg River is a settlement in northern Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Greenview No. 16.
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On June 22, 2011, Muskeg Lake Cree Nation Radio Station Corporation received Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) approval to operate a new English- and Cree-language low-power Type B Native FM radio station at Muskeg Lake Cree Nation, Saskatchewan.Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2011-388, Type B Native FM radio station at Muskeg Lake Cree Nation, CRTC, June 22, 2011 The station signed on the air on November 1, 2011Muskeg Lake launches radio station, newsoptimist.ca, December 16, 2011 and ceased broadcasting in June 2017.
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Although at first glance muskeg resembles a plain covered with short grasses, a closer look reveals a bizarre and almost unearthly landscape. Small stands of stunted and often dead trees, which vaguely resemble bonsai, grow where land protrudes above the water table, with small pools of water stained dark red scattered about. Its grassland appearance invites the unwary to walk on it, but even the most solid muskeg is spongy and waterlogged. Traveling through muskeg is a strange and dangerous experience for the unaccustomed.
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The undulating highway curves several times as it passes by the occasional residence or summer cottage. The route curves northeast to avoid a large muskeg. It curves northwest around the muskeg as Arrow Drive, an old alignment of the highway, diverges to the west. After passing back into the forest, it curves to the north.
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The Muskeg Lake Cree Nation is a Cree First Nation band government in Marcelin, Saskatchewan, Canada. The Muskeg Lake Cree Nation is affiliated with the Saskatoon Tribal Council, along with six other First Nations. Noted people from this reserve include World War II servicewoman Mary Greyeyes, the first indigenous woman to join the Canadian Forces.
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Muskeg forms because permafrost, clay or bedrock prevents water drainage. The water from rain and snow collects, forming permanently waterlogged vegetation and stagnant pools. Muskeg is wet, acidic, and relatively infertile, which prevents large trees from growing, although stunted shore pine, cottonwood, some species of willow, and black spruce are typically found in these habitats.C. Michael Hogan.
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Lake Pitihkwakew 102B is an Indian reserve of the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 35 kilometers northwest of Blaine Lake.
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To increase the effectiveness of the corduroy, prevent erosion,Government of Alberta: Geotechnical and Erosion Control and allow removal of material with less disturbance to the muskeg, a geotextile fabric is sometimes placed down before the logs. However temporary winter access roads on muskeg (ice road), created by clearing the insulating snow and allowing the muskeg to freeze, are more commonly used as they are cheaper to construct and easier to decommission. Water is often sprayed on these roads to thicken the ice allowing heavy trucks and equipment to safely access remote sites in the winter.
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Arcand was born in 1982 in Hafford, Saskatchewan. She grew up on Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in central Saskatchewan. She spent many summers working in the Muskeg Lake Archives which gave Arcand her love of old photographs and history. Arcand later attended the University of Saskatchewan where she received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree with Great Distinction in 2005.
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Michael Greyeyes (born June 4, 1967) is a Canadian actor, choreographer, director and educator. He is Plains Cree from the Muskeg Lake First Nation in Saskatchewan. His father was from the Muskeg Lake First Nation and his mother was from the Sweetgrass First Nation, both located in Saskatchewan. In 2018, Greyeyes portrayed Sitting Bull in Woman Walks Ahead to critical acclaim.
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Greyeyes died on March 31, 2011, in Vancouver, British Columbia. She was 90 years old. Greyeyes was buried on the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation reserve.
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Hunters and hikers may occasionally encounter young moose in muskeg-covered ponds submerged up to their torsos or necks, having been unaware of the unstable ground.
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Asimakaniseekan Askiy 102A is an Indian reserve of the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. An urban reserve, it is located in the city of Saskatoon.
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Asimakaniseekan Askiy 102B is an Indian reserve of the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. An urban reserve, it is located in the city of Saskatoon.
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Muskeg River 20C is an Indian reserve of the Cumberland House Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is in Township 58, Range 5, west of the Second Meridian.
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The Muskeg River Mine stands on a Shell Canada lease containing more than of mineable bitumen, of which it is expected to recover of bitumen over the next 30 years. The Muskeg River Mine, Jack Pine Mine and the Scotford Upgrader together comprise the Athabasca Oil Sands Project (AOSP). A proposed future mine expansion would increase production by 100,000 bbl/day. The (incremental) expansion project received regulatory approval in late 2006.
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CICN-FM was a radio station broadcasting First Nations community radio programming on the frequency 104.3 MHz (FM) on the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation at Marcelin, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Muskeg Lake 102 is an Indian reserve of the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 93 kilometers north of Saskatoon. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 274 living in 104 of its 112 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 57 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community.
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Hughes is a town in Bayfield County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 383 at the 2010 census. The unincorporated communities of Muskeg and Wills are located in the town.
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Muskeg River Mine (MRM) Cogeneration Station is a natural gas-fired station owned by Heartland Generation, located 75 km north of Fort McMurray and is part of the Albian Sands Project.
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Mosses, ferns, grasses, and fungi grow on the topsoil. In areas of muskeg, tussocks form and may collect algae. The term 'muskeg' includes spongy waterlogged tussocks as well as deep pools of water covered by solid-looking moss. Wild blueberries and soap berries thrive in the tundra and provide the bears of Denali with the main part of their diet. Over 450 species of flowering plants fill the park and can be viewed in bloom throughout summer.
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After producing half-tracks in World War II for the Canadian Army, the company experimented with new forms of track systems and developed an all-tracked, heavy duty vehicle designed for logging and mining operations in extreme wilderness conditions, such as heavy snow or semiliquid muskeg. They produced it under the name Muskeg tractor. Each track is composed of two or more rubber belts joined into a loop. The loops are held together with interior wheel guides and exterior cleats, commonly called grousers.
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Somatochlora septentrionalis, the muskeg emerald, is a species of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. It is endemic to Canada, where it is found from Yukon and British Columbia east to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.
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High Level marks the northern extent of the Peace River Country, and has one of the northernmost lands suited for agriculture in Canada. It is surrounded to the north and west by muskeg tundra.
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Viereck, L.A. 1973. Wildfire in the taiga of Alaska. Quaternary Res. 3:465–495. In the absence of fire, the accumulation of sphagnum peat on level upland sites would eventually oust coniferous vegetation and produce muskeg.
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Muskeg emeralds occur in open fens with pools of open water. Males patrol over the pools, and females lay eggs by tapping in the open water and in floating vegetation. Adults fly from June to August.
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By then, thousands of barrels had poured into the muskeg. According to Reg Eadie, an engineering professor and pipeline expert at the University of Alberta, that delay is among the most troubling parts of the spill.
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The Muskeg Formation is present in the northern half of the Elk Point Basin, in northeastern British Columbia and northwestern Alberta. It reaches a maximum reported thickness of .Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of Canadian Stratigraphy, vol.
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McArthur Lake is a lake in Saskatchewan, Canada. It lies in low-relief terrain of the Canadian Shield. The climate is sub-arctic. The land is mostly covered by conifer forests, with some areas of muskeg and rocky outcrops.
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Joi T. Arcand (born 1982) is a nehiyaw photo-based artist from Muskeg Lake Cree Nation, Saskatchewan, who currently resides in Ottawa, Ontario. In addition to art, Arcand focuses on publishing, art books, zines, collage and accessibility to art.
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Aboriginal languages policy and planning in Canada. Muskeg Lake, SK: Government of Canada , First Nations: Submission to Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples.Ahenakew, F., & Wolfart, H. C. (eds.). (1992). Kohkominawak otacimowiniwawa: Our grandmothers’ lives as told in their own words.
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The porous carbonate units of the Muskeg Formation contain important oil and natural gas reservoirs in the Zama and Rainbow Lake areas of northwestern Alberta. The impermeable anhydrite and halite beds of the formation act to seal the reservoirs.
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The river begins at an unnamed muskeg and travels south, passes under the Canadian Pacific Railway transcontinental main line and Ontario Highway 17, then heads southwest, and reaches its mouth at the Firesteel River about west of the community of Upsala.
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Thorvald Thorvaldson Fusi Aronson lived to the south of the Gare family, his land contained the muskeg which he sold to Caleb. Bjarnasson Family Skuli Erickson Malcolm, also called Goat-Eyes. Has Scottish and Cree ancestry. Love interest of Ellen Gare.
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Accessed July 11, 2010. Cropley Lake is located in a cirque. The soil around the shores of the lake consists mainly of muskeg covering till (glacial sediment) above bedrock. Trees on the shore are up to about 400 years old.
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Doig is an unincorporated community in northern Alberta, Canada. It is located in Clear Hills County, in a muskeg and boreal forest landscape. The Doig Airport is located here. It was named after the Doig River, a tributary of Beatton River.
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It zig-zags north and northeast, avoiding numerous lakes and muskeg that dot the region, providing access to Alexander Lake Forest Provincial Park around its midpoint. Highway 533 ends at an isolated junction with Highway 63 approximately southwest of Témiscaming.
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It is located at the junction of the Bighorn Highway (Highway 40) and Forestry Trunk Road (former Highway 734), approximately east of Grande Cache. It has an elevation of . Muskeg River flows through the community and north into the Smoky River.
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Rhododendron groenlandicum (bog Labrador tea, Muskeg tea, Swamp tea, or in northern Canada, Hudson's Bay Tea; formerly Ledum groenlandicum or Ledum latifolium), is a flowering shrub with white flowers and evergreen leaves that is used to make a herbal tea.
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McFaulds Lake is at the centre of the Northern Ontario Ring of Fire, a region of geological activity which has left a rich source of minerals, including nickel, copper, platinum, palladium, chromite, vanadium, diamond and gold, buried beneath the muskeg.
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Bird populations have seen a steady decline since the 1960s. Water mammals such as beavers and muskrats are extremely common in the Mackenzie Delta and surrounding areas of muskeg. The Mackenzie estuary is also a calving area for beluga whales.
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In 2003, Shell Canada and its partners began producing from the Muskeg River Mine, located 75 kilometres north of Fort McMurray. Known as the Athabasca Oil Sands Project, the entire complex consists of Muskeg River, Shell's Scotford Upgrader located near Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, and supporting facilities. Four years later, by which time Shell Canada had been wholly acquired by its parent, Royal Dutch Shell, the company applied to build a massive oil sands upgrading complex at the site of its Edmonton refinery. The project, which could cost as much as $27-billion, would be built in four stages.
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The Seal River is a river in Kenai Peninsula Borough in Alaska, United States. It is part of the Pacific Ocean drainage basin, and is a tributary of Cook Inlet. The river flows east from unnamed muskeg to Redoubt Bay on Cook Inlet.
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Carp Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located 2 hours northwest of Prince George between the Muskeg and McLeod Rivers, to the southwest of the community of McLeod Lake, which is 32 km from the park's campground.
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Timmins, the nearest urban centre, is located approximately south. Moosonee is south of Attawapiskat. It is located 52°55′ north and 82°26′ west. The vegetation is typically subarctic with a mostly coniferous forest (stunted black spruce and tamarack) in the muskeg.
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Paradox Access Solutions is a construction company specializing in customized access solutions for companies who need temporary or permanent roadways built on unstable terrain, such as muskeg, permafrost or mud. The company is located in Acheson, Alberta with distribution nodes across Alberta and Saskatchewan.
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The Wabasca River originates in the Sandy Lake, north-east of Slave Lake, then flows in the South and North Wabasca Lake at the hamlet of Wabasca. It continues north through boreal forest and muskeg and discharges in the Peace River west of Fort Vermilion.
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Location of Nordenskjöld Coast. Phoenix Peak granite dyke Phoenix Peak () is a peak immediately south of Muskeg Gap at the north end of Sobral Peninsula, Graham Land. The peak is surmounting Mundraga Bay to the west. Mapped from surveys by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) (1960–61).
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Sutherland Industrial is an industrial subdivision located in east-central Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. It was originally part of Sutherland, a town outside of Saskatoon before being annexed by the city in 1956. The subdivision also contains the first urban reserve in Saskatchewan, the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation.
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Adult muskeg emeralds are 39–48 mm long. The body is metallic green, brown and black, with a faint yellow spot on the thorax. This species is identical to Whitehouse's emerald (Somatochlora whitehousei) except in the shape of the male cerci and the female subgenital plate.
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The Pine Point Formation is overlain by the Presqu'ile Formation and Sulphur Point Formation; It conformably overlays the Chinchaga Formation and Fitzgerald Formation. It is equivalent to Muskeg Formation in northern Alberta, the Dunedin Formation in British Columbia and the upper Nahanni Formation in western Northwest Territories.
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The Keg River Formation is conformably overlain by the Muskeg Formation and unconformably overlays the Chinchaga Formation. It is equivalent to the Pine Point Formation, Hume Formation and Nahanni Formation in north-eastern British Columbia and the Northwest Territories and to the Winnipegosis Formation in Saskatchewan and eastern Alberta.
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The Manitoba Group is conformably overlain by the Duperow Formation and disconformably overlays the Prairie Evaporite Formation or Winnipegosis Formation of the Elk Point Group. The lower Manitoba Group is equivalent to the Muskeg Formation in northern Alberta, while the upper part correlates with the Beaverhill Lake Formation.
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Swift is an unincorporated community in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The community is located east-southeast of Warroad on State Highway 11 (MN 11). Swift is located within Laona Township and Moranville Township. Nearby places include Warroad, Roosevelt, Williams, and Lake of the Woods at Muskeg Bay.
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The lake is located in muskeg tundra, in the Etsho Plateau, a region dominated by white spruce and black spruce. It is fed by the Kotcho River as well as several creeks. It is drained at the southern end by the Kotcho River, a tributary of the Hay River.
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"Muskeg River Mine Receives Regulatory Approval" 21 December 2006 At the mine site, the 175 megawatt MRM Cogeneration plant owned 70% by ATCO Power and 30% by SaskPower supplies process steam and electricity to the mine. 50% of the electricity produced is surplus to mine needs and is sold into the Alberta power grid. "MRM Cogeneration Station" Sask Power International accessed 7 February 2008 The Corridor Pipeline which transports diluted bitumen from the Muskeg River Mine to the Scotford Upgrader is owned by Inter Pipeline Ltd.. To accommodate its workforce, the project has built a 2460-room "village" with service and recreation facilities. The project is using satellite based imaging to ensure transparent reporting of its land use.
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Post-glacial Lake Agassiz gradually drained away leaving the modern group of lakes, Lake Winnipeg, Lake Winnipegosis and Lake Manitoba. Soils on the island are classified as eutric brunisol. Birch Island supports coniferous forest of jack pine and black spruce. Black spruce muskeg is found in the poorly drained areas.
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When the war ended, Greyeyes continued working in London until she was discharged in 1946. Afterwards, she returned to Canada and went back to the Muskeg Lake reserve to spend time with family. She met her future husband, Alexander Reid, in Winnipeg, Manitoba. They moved to Victoria and had two children.
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Most of the Pre-Cambrian is covered by a thin layer of organic soil and clay. Hornepayne is approximately eight miles north of the height of land. Drainage is poor in the area, which has many muskeg swamps. The Hallmark Centre in Hornepayne: built in 1980 and opened in 1982.
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He goes on to argue that too often national identity is conflated with linguistic identity, and that in the case of "Canadian English", supposedly unique features of Canadian speakers, such as certain lexical terms such as muskeg are artificially exaggerated to distinguish Canadian speech primarily from that found in the United States.
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In Saskatoon's non-partisan municipal politics, Sutherland lies within ward 1. It is currently represented by Darren Hill, first elected in 2006. The eastern portion of Sutherland Industrial - specifically that portion east of Packham Avenue and straddling the northern extension of McKercher Drive - is considered part of the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation.
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Highway 60 and Algonquin Park are renowned for their autumn displays. Highway 60 begins at an interchange with Highway 11 in Huntsville. It crosses through central Ontario in a generally east–west orientation. The triangle-shaped area bounded by Highways 11, 17 and 60 is largely uninhabited wilderness dotted with lakes and muskeg.
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The Muskeg River Mine is the first commercial unit using Shell's Enhance froth treatment technology — a process for removing sand, fine clay and water from oil sands froth to make clean bitumen suitable for upgrading via hydrogen addition. According to Shell, the hydrogenation process is well suited to the very clean bitumen produced at the Muskeg River Mine, and results in the upgrader producing more light crude oil than it inputs in the form of heavy bitumen. It also produces lower levels of sulfur dioxide emissions than the alternative coking method which removes carbon to produce petroleum coke as a by-product. The Scotford Upgrader has its own hydrogen manufacturing unit and produces most of the hydrogen required for the hydrogen-addition process.
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Mary Greyeyes was born November 14, 1920, in the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation reserve in Marcelin, Saskatchewan. She had ten siblings: six sisters and four brothers. She was raised by her widowed grandmother, Sarah Greyeyes. When she was five years old, Greyeyes was sent to the St. Michael's residential school in Duck Lake, Saskatchewan.
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The Muskeg Formation is part of the Elk Point Group and was established by J. Law in 1955, based on core from a well (California Standard Steen River 2-22-117-5W6M) that was drilled north of Zama Lake.Law, J. 1955. Rock units of northwestern Alberta. Journal of the Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists, v.
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The oil sands resources of the Muskeg River Mine are a legacy of the Albian Sea. At full production, Albian Sands can produce of crude bitumen, a naturally occurring semi-solid form of crude oil. The mine product, diluted bitumen or dilbit, is sent to be upgraded at the Scotford Upgrader in Fort Saskatchewan.
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CSS Acadia was sent to survey for a port and railway construction resumed. Political and financing difficulties as well as engineering challenges due to the large amount of muskeg and frequent rock outcrops on the Canadian Shield delayed the completion of the railway and port but it was completed and opened to shipping in 1929.
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Growth varies with site quality. In swamp and muskeg it shows progressively slower growth rates from the edges toward the centre. The roots are shallow and wide spreading, resulting in susceptibility to windthrow. In the northern part of its range, ice pruned asymmetric black spruce are often seen with diminished foliage on the windward side.
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Like the cliffs constituting the eastern edge of the Sods at Rohrbaugh Plains, Lion's Head Rock consists of a mixture of sandstone and conglomerate. The Northland Loop Trail is a 0.3 mile interpretive trail just south of Red Creek Campground on FS Rt 75 which accesses Alder Run Bog a typical, and much studied, northern bog or southern muskeg.
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The bronze monument sits atop a marble base, which was quarried in Shawinigan, Quebec. The monument itself was created in its entirety during 2000 and 2001 on the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation Urban Reserve in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, part of Treaty Six Territory. Once completed, it was then disassembled for transport and then reassembled again in Ottawa.
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The Muskeg Formation is disconformably overlain by the Watt Mountain Formation and conformably underlain by the Keg River Formation. It is correlated with the Pine Point Formation, Presqu'ile Formation and Sulphur Point Formation. It grades into the halite-rich Prairie Evaporite Formation to the southeast through a decrease in its anhydrite content and an increase in its halite content.
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The source of the Sikanni Chief, on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains, is ultimately the headwater of the Fort Nelson River. The land through which the river flows is generally flat, a mixture of boreal forests and muskeg. The area is rich in wildlife, and forestry and mining (especially oil and gas) are major industries.
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Warroad is located along the southwest shore of Lake of the Woods at Muskeg Bay, east of Roseau and west of Baudette. Warroad is only 7.5 miles South of the border to Canada. The Warroad River flows through town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ; is land and is water.
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Wayne Badger, Leroy Kiyawasew, and Ernest Ominayak were Cree and status Indians under the Treaty No. 8. They were each caught hunting for food on private land. Badger was caught near a farm house, Kiyawasew was caught in a farmer's field, while Ominayak was caught in a field of Muskeg. They were charged under the Wildlife Act.
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Cheryle Chagnon-Greyeyes was the leader of the Green Party of Alberta. She was elected as leader September 2018 and resigned in September of 2019. She has worked at the University of Calgary and is Cree from Muskeg Lake Cree Nation. Chagnon-Greyeyes was the first Indigenous woman to be the leader of a Canadian provincial party.
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Some Canadian troops tried to cross the valley, but they found the bottom covered in muskeg. On top of this, there was a steep, open hillside in front of the Cree, making any frontal assault suicidal. Strange pulled his forces back and deployed them along the bottom of the valley. The two units of NWMP formed the left flank.
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Weirdale was founded between 1929 and 1931. It was given life because of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which opened a new frontier on the Canadian Prairies. When the pioneers arrived in the area, they cleared out the thick forest and muskeg by hand creating rich farmland. The pioneers had large families that lived on every quarter of farmland.
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Tongass Land Management Plan Supplemental EIS, 1991. Other high-grading has concentrated on stands of Alaska cedar and red cedar. The karst terrain often produces large trees and has fewer muskeg bogs, and has also been preferentially logged. As of 2008, the Forest Service has released a new amendment to the Forest Plan for the Tongass Forest.
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Highway 63 was fully twinned in May 2016. Highway 881 also provides access to the region from Lac La Biche. ;Rail Canadian National discontinued the Muskeg Mixed (mixed train) to Fort McMurray in 1989, and there has been no passenger rail service since. CN continues to operate freight service on its line to Lac La Biche and points beyond.
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Edson lies in the McLeod River valley, immediately east of the Canadian Rockies foothills. The surrounding landscape consists of primarily taiga forest with sand hills and muskeg. The town is located at an altitude of . Two provincial parks are located west of Edson: Sundance Provincial Park along Sundance Creek and Obed Lake Provincial Park surrounding the three Obed Lakes.
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The lowland regions of the park border the Gulf of Alaska as well as the lower levels of the river valleys. Black spruce dominates areas of permafrost, with understories of alder, Labrador tea, willows and blueberry, with a variety of ground mosses. Wetlands can occur along the coast as well as the interior river basins. Permafrost regions are often marshy regions of muskeg.
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The trees are mainly black spruce (Picea mariana), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), poplar (populus) and scattered balsam (populus balsamifera). Trees average more than in height. There are small patches of moss-covered muskeg that support laurel (kalmia microphylla), labrador tea, and scattered larch and black spruce. Animals hunted for meat or fur include moose, woodland caribou, black bear, beaver, otter and muskrat.
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Kenabeek and its surrounding area is mostly sand with a bit of rock, and a shallow amount of topsoil, and therefore is not good agricultural land. There are a number of small lakes within two or three miles (5 km) of Kenabeek, mostly privately owned. Many are muskeg lakes and others are surrounded by swamp. Several of the lakes are home to loons.
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The Muskeg Formation is a geologic formation of Middle Devonian (Givetian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It extends from the plains of northwestern Alberta to northeastern British Columbia, and includes important petroleum and natural gas reservoirs in the Zama lake and Rainbow Lake areas of northwestern Alberta.McCamis, J.G. and Griffith L.S. 1967. Middle Devonian facies relationships, Zama area, Alberta.
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Beneath thin layers of sparsely spread soil was solid granite. Where this granite descended deeper, valleys formed and filled with muskeg. Despite an early influx of settlers, the vast majority of grants were abandoned by the turn of the century; only 40% remained. During the first half of the 1900s, many of these colonization roads were incorporated into the growing provincial highway network.
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The Scotford Upgrader has a rated processing capacity of , but has at times pumped out more than . It was shut down after being damaged in a fire 19 November 2007. The production was resumed in December 2007. The facility uses hydrogen addition to convert the bitumen from CNRL's Muskeg River Mine in the Athabasca oil sands into refinery-ready sweet, light crude oil.
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Winefred Lake is a large lake in east-northern Alberta, Canada. It is located in southern Wood Buffalo, in a remote area between Cold Lake and Fort McMurray, and has a total area of . The closest community is the hamlet of Conklin, at . Ecologically, the lake is set in boreal forest and muskeg environment, with frequent saline water degeneration of the groundwater flow.
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Ghostkeeper's debut album Children of the Great Northern Muskeg was released on Saved by Radio in July 2008 in Canada. It was recorded by Lorrie Matheson. The band's second album, titled Ghostkeeper, was released in March, 2010 by Flemish Eye Records."The Arts". Lethbridge Herald via Newspaper Archives, June 02, 2010 - Page 31 It was recorded by Jay Crocker and Scott Munro.
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In Northern Alberta, oil development activities bring an enormous number of people into a fragile ecosystem. Historically, population figures have been very low for this region. Water is easily polluted because the water table reaches the surface in most areas of muskeg. With the ever-increasing development and extraction of resources, wildlife are recipient to both direct and indirect effects of pollution.
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Manitoba has an extreme climate, but southern latitudes allow agriculture. The northern area of the region ranges from coniferous forests to muskeg to tundra in the far north. Before settlement had occurred, a vast portion of southern Manitoba was either flood plain or swamp. An extensive system for drainage ditches was required throughout south-central Manitoba to make the region suitable for cultivation.
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North of the intersection, the highway passes east of Sioux Lookout Airport. The highway then enters a deep forest where it veers around numerous lakes and divides vast muskeg. The highway serves as an access route to logging and industrial roads which travel deeper into the forest. The highway ends over east of Sioux Lookout at Highway 599, approximately north of Savant Lake.
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The name could also be from Algonquian hia muskeg, it means "river of the savannas" or "river with muddy waters". Because of the nebulous Amerindian origin, this naming has been deformed (often in the form of Maska or Masca, after which the inhabitants of Saint-Hyacinthe are named). It was officially named Rivière Yamaska 5 December 1968.Saint-Hyacinthe, 1748–1998.
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The Met Site was built away from the mine because of the muskeg-like terrain surrounding the mine. The Met Site processes material from the Kidd Mine and outside sources, and employs 875 people. Of the 875 employees 125 work at the concentrator, 205 in the copper operations and 275 in the zinc facilities. The remainder of the employees are support staff.
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The area currently classified as taiga in Europe and North America (except Alaska) was recently glaciated. As the glaciers receded they left depressions in the topography that have since filled with water, creating lakes and bogs (especially muskeg soil) found throughout the taiga. Yukon, Canada. Several of the world's longest rivers go through the taiga, including Ob, Yenisei, Lena, and Mackenzie.
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Kapuskasing lies in the heart of the Great Clay Belt. The topography of the region is very flat, dotted with numerous small lakes and muskeg bogs. Also in the heart of Canada's boreal forest, the region is drained by rivers running north to James Bay. The district is heavily forested, mostly by thick stands of black spruce that have commercial value as pulpwood.
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The Tsimpsean Peninsula is broken into two main ecosystems: Coastal Lowlands are characterized by low topography, alternating bedrock and muskeg. Notable wildlife associated with this habitat includes Sandhill Cranes, Canada Geese, Wilson's snipe, Sitka Deer, Wolf, and Black Bear. Central Highlands consist of rugged mountains covered by montane vegetation and temperate rainforest. Notable wildlife associated with this habitat includes Deer, bald eagle, grouse, squirrel and marten.
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The Wilderness is made up of three large islands and a few small islands adjacent to them. Access: The wilderness is accessible by boat, kayak or float plane. Area Description: This grouping of relatively small islands is unique in that the three largest islands are very different in topography, use and character. Pleasant Island is fairly flat and has a mixture of old-growth forest and muskeg.
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The Hamburg oil field is a remote area in north-western Alberta, Canada, with intensive exploration and production of oil and gas. The closest town is Manning, at 180 km east. Drilling activity is especially intensive during the winter months, when the otherwise soft muskeg can be crossed on winter roads. Among the companies that have a large interest in the area are Devon Energy, Apache Corporation, and Occidental Petroleum.
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The Arctic ringlet or Disa alpine (Erebia disa) is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of family Nymphalidae. It is associated with wet muskeg and bogs in subarctic and Arctic climates, and is often found near the tree-line. The larva overwinters twice before undergoing metamorphosis into an adult. It is found in Arctic Europe, Arctic European Russia (Kanin Peninsula), Sajan, Irkutsk, Yakutsk, Yablonoi and Arctic North America.
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The Little Seal River is a river in northern Cochrane District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is part of the James Bay drainage basin, and is a right tributary of the Kesagami River. The river begins in unnamed muskeg, flows northeast then northwest, and reaches its mouth at the Kesagami River, just upstream of the mouth of the Seal River. The Kesagami River flows via the Harricana River to James Bay.
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The Muskeg Formation was deposited at the northern end of an embayment called the Elk Point Basin, adjacent to an extensive reef complex called the Presqu'ile Barrier. The reef had developed across the mouth of the embayment, blocking the area from the open ocean and restricting the inflow of sea water. The low water levels and excessive evaporation resulted in the deposition of anhydrite, halite and carbonate rocks.
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Their breeding habitat is wet temperate coniferous forests and muskeg across Canada and Alaska. Birds usually nest at the edge of ponds and wetlands with the cup nest located in a tree or dense shrub, often over the water. Emerging dragonflies and their larvae are important food items during the summer. These birds migrate to the eastern and southeastern United States, into parts of the Grain Belt, sometimes straying into Mexico.
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Approximately 20% of Alberta's oil sands are recoverable through open-pit mining, while 80% require in situ extraction technologies (largely because of their depth). Open pit mining destroys the boreal forest and muskeg, while in situ extraction technologies cause less significant damage. Approximately 0.19% of the Alberta boreal forest has been disturbed by open pit mining. The Alberta government requires companies to restore the land to "equivalent land capability".
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The original Three Fathom Harbour school was on the west end of the "cove" along Three Fathom Harbour Road. Today it serves as a family home. Highway 207 was built and later paved in approximately 1960 and became the main road through the community. There are still fewer homes built along that route than on the Three Fathom Harbour Road, as the south side of the road is heavily muskeg.
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Rhododendron columbianum, commonly known as western Labrador tea, Swamp tea, or Muskeg tea, is a shrub that is widespread in the western United States and in western Canada, reported from British Columbia, Alberta, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and Colorado. It grows in wet places from sea level up to .Flora of North America v 8 p 459. It was formerly known as Ledum columbianum.
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Chinchaga River The region has a mix of black spruce, lodgepole pine and deciduous forests, giving way to muskeg in lower areas. Few people lived in the area in 1950. Sources vary as to the origin of the fire but agree that it was caused by human activity. One version faults an Imperial Oil surveying crew with starting a small blaze to protect their horses from biting insects.
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The second section of the river comprises the foothills region. The terrain is hilly and rough, with a deeper and more defined valley. This area is well covered with forest and muskeg, and run-off into the river is much more constant and stable than in the mountains. From Edmonton to the mouth of the Vermilion River, the North Saskatchewan flows through the plains- parkland divide, with occasional stretches of prairie.
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Fens have a high water table with slow drainage which is rich in nutrients. Marshes are surrounded by willows and support Marsh reed grass (Calamagrostis), Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis), Fowl blue grass (Poa palustris), beaked sedge (Carex rostrata), bulrush (Scirpus validus and S. acutus). Marshes have slow moving slightly alkaline water and are very rich in nutrient and minerals. Bogs, fens, and marshes together comprise muskeg regions.
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The lowlands are mainly made up of muskeg, a type of soil made up of plants in various states of decomposition. It is approximately 20 miles from its north end to its south. The western side of the island borders the Wrangell Narrows, one of the six listed in Southeast Alaska. The Narrows provides a somewhat protected waterway for boats, and opens on the south end of the island into Sumner Straits.
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There is a wide variety of terrain in the refuge, including muskeg and other wetlands, alpine areas, and taiga forest. The refuge protects several large mammals, including wolf packs, brown bears, black bears, dall sheep, moose, Canadian lynx, and caribou, as well as thousands of migratory and native birds. There are numerous lakes, as well as the Kenai River, and the refuge is a popular destination for fishing for salmon and trout.
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Chinchaga River originates in the Chinchaga Lakes, a series of small lakes in the muskeg of north-eastern British Columbia, at an elevation of 795 m. It flows east into Alberta, then continues north-east until west of Keg River, where it turns north. It merges into the Hay River between Zama Lake and High Level, at an altitude of 325 m. A series of oxbow lakes are formed on the lower course.
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Empetrum is a genus of three species of dwarf evergreen shrubs in the heath family Ericaceae. They are commonly known as crowberries and bear edible fruit. They are commonly found in the northern hemisphere, from temperate to subarctic climates, and also in the Southern Andes of South America and on the South Atlantic islands of South Georgia, the Falklands and Tristan da Cunha. The typical habitat is on moorlands, tundra, muskeg and spruce forests.
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The Liard River of the North American boreal forest flows through Yukon, British Columbia and the Northwest Territories, Canada. Rising in the Saint Cyr Range of the Pelly Mountains in southeastern Yukon, it flows southeast through British Columbia, marking the northern end of the Rocky Mountains and then curving northeast back into Yukon and Northwest Territories, draining into the Mackenzie River at Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories. The river drains approximately of boreal forest and muskeg.
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Because it was more or less effective, they borrowed $3500 to buy a "Muskeg" to maintain the runs with farm rollers. In 1972, they installed the first mechanical lift in the four school runs, the T-Bar. In the fall of 1973 they installed the first chairlift and five new runs. In its first year of operation in 1973, the Parc du Mont-Comi operated with an approximated budget of $85,000 and had six employees.
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The Caniapiscau Reservoir is in the zone of discontinuous permafrost. The area surrounding the reservoir is vegetated entirely with taiga, or boreal forest, characterized by widely spaced Black Spruce with a thick underlayer of yellow-grey lichen and interspersed with muskeg and bogs. In the more moist areas, some closed coniferous forest stands may appear. On the more exposed land, a forest-tundra transition zone occurs where the woodland is replaced by lichen dominated tundra.
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This provided the impetus for construction to begin in 1934. Unlike the Cloverleaf Trail, the Fort Frances – Kenora Highway, as it was known prior to its opening, was constructed through the rugged terrain of the Canadian Shield. Rocks, forests, lakes, muskeg, and insects served as major hindrances during construction of the highway, which progressed from both ends. By late 1935, the only remaining gap in the road was the Sioux Narrows Bridge.
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Highway 502 begins at a junction with Highway 11 approximately east of Fort Frances. It progresses north through an isolated region dominated by the forests, exposed bedrock, rivers, numerous lakes, muskeg and mountains of the Canadian Shield, encountering no communities or significant roads along its route; it does provide access to numerous logging and mineral access roads. Highway 502 ends at a junction with Highway 594 approximately west of Dryden and west of Highway 17.
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Swastika Beginning at the village of Matachewan, where the highway continues west as Highway 566, the route travels east to a junction with Highway 65\. From there to the community of Kenogami Lake, on Highway 11, the highway passes through a wilderness, encountering few roads or signs of humanity. Instead the highway winds through rock cuts, muskeg and thick coniferous forests. After intersecting Highway 11, the route continues east through the community of Swastika.
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The northern limit of the formation occurs at about 58° north latitude in Alberta, where the Prairie Evaporite grades into the anyhdritic Muskeg Formation through a decrease in its halite content and an increase in its anhydrite content. Along its eastern and southern margins the formation grades into the breccia that results from the dissolution of its halite and anhydrite. Along its western margin it thins to zero at its depositional limit.
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Porcher Island is part of the Hecate Lowland Ecosection, a once heavily glaciated band of narrow lowland rain forest and coastal archipelago that stretches from Portland Inlet in the north to Queen Charlotte Strait in the south. Hecate Lowland terrain is generally rough and rocky, with wide areas of muskeg wetland and bog forest. Tree species include western red cedar, yellow cedar, mountain hemlock and fir. Salal, ferns, and skunk cabbage are commonly found undergrowth.
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The western shore, however, is characterised by broad tundra lowlands that are an extension of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, and the vegetation is mostly muskeg bog. A large portion of this area is part of the Polar Bear Provincial Park. Ringed seals are common elsewhere along James Bay and polar bears can be seen hunting the seals as prey. Beluga whales within James Bay basin could be distinct from those found in Hudson Bay.
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The western shores of the bay are a lowland known as the Hudson Bay Lowlands which covers . The area is drained by a large number of rivers and has formed a characteristic vegetation known as muskeg. Much of the landform has been shaped by the actions of glaciers and the shrinkage of the bay over long periods of time. Signs of numerous former beachfronts can be seen far inland from the current shore.
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The Mistatim post office first opened in 1907 and closed down in 1914, to re-open in 1917. Mistatim Station post office was established in 1930, with a change of name to Mistatim in 1938. The early village was a settlement of Germans, Hungarians, French and Scots. Early surveying and settlement in the area was difficult in this heavily forested area without roads, and several muskeg areas could not be crossed until winter freeze up.
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'Whonnock Lake It is a natural muskeg lake and, if left alone, it will slowly turn into a peat marsh.The only regular water input is from the north. There is an exit to Whonnock Creek on the south-east side originally closed off by a sandbar (beaver dam) that was replaced in 2008 by a man-made berm and fish channel. This is where the water escapes from the lake to Whonnock Creek.
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However, human activities such as oil extraction have threatened water quality in the headwaters of the Mackenzie River. In addition, a warming climate in northern parts of the watershed is melting permafrost and destabilizing soil through erosion. Most of the taiga consists of black spruce, aspen and poplar forest. In the north, the river's shores are lined with sparse vegetation like dwarf birch and willows, as well as extensive areas of muskeg and peat bogs.
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Waterfall from Alpha Pool There are two hot springs with water temperatures ranging from ; the nearest is the Alpha pool. Beta pool is beyond Alpha and is larger, cooler and deeper. As of 2013, Beta pool has been permanently closed due to bear traffic, and the boardwalk leading to it has been removed. There are raised walkways from the parking area to the springs so that the delicate muskeg that forms the swamp is not disturbed.
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The landscape of Kuiu Island has much in common with other areas of the Alexander Archipelago — heavily glaciated mountains alternating with narrow, deep fjords. Within the wilderness areas can be found a variety of ecological communities, including muskeg, Pacific temperate rain forest dominated by Sitka spruce and western hemlock, and alpine tundra zones as low as 2,000 feet above sea level. Prior to European colonization, significant populations of Tlingit native people lived on the island, particularly in Tebenkof Bay.
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The regulator concluded that nearly a million litres of bitumen mixed with water had seeped into the ground around the site. Slave Lake pipeline spill In April 2014, a pipeline owned by the company spilled 70,000 liters of oil and processed water northwest of Slave Lake, Alberta. Red Earth Creek pipeline spill In November 2014, a pipeline owned by the company spilled almost 60,000 liters of crude oil into a muskeg region 27 kilometers from Red Earth Creek, Alberta.
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The oil sands, which are typically thick and sit on top of relatively flat limestone, are relatively easy to access. They lie under of waterlogged muskeg, of clay and barren sand. As a result of the easy accessibility, the world's first oil-sands mine was in the Athabasca oil sands. Commercial production of oil from the Athabasca oil sands began in 1967, with the opening of the Great Canadian Oil Sands (GCOS) plant in Fort McMurray.
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Corduroy roads provided a means for early land vehicles to cross over muskeg and swamp. Horse drawn ploughs filled low areas, settlers hauled gravel and cleared bush for the road ways surveyed along high elevations following lake and river shore lines. Municipalities would grade and gravel roads providing transportation between trading centres. The all-weather road arrived alongside of the NWWR association's impetus for a travel and tourism corridor along the northern area of the western provinces.
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Prisoners who attempted to escape into the bush were turned back by endless muskeg and clouds of mosquitoes or minus-40 degree temperatures in winter. In 1917, most were paroled to help relieve labour shortages. Afterwards, the camp was used briefly for prisoners of war and political radicals until its closure in 1920. A small cemetery is all that remains of the internment camp near the Kapuskasing Airport where victims of the 1918 influenza epidemic were laid to rest.
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Various definitions exist of Northern Alberta's boundaries. The definition used by the Northern Alberta Development Council, an agency of the provincial government, includes the communities of Whitecourt, Athabasca, Saddle Lake, St. Paul, and Cold Lake, while excluding Hinton, Edson, Mayerthorpe, and Westlock. This definition is also used by the University of Alberta to define eligibility for northern research grants. The region consists of aspen parkland in the south, grading to boreal forest and muskeg in the north.
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In contrast, the dense and forbidding rainforest of Southeast Alaska is dark and misty in even the brightest summer weather. Untold dangers from bears, falling trees, dank muskeg, and the risk of being lost all make the forest a constantly dangerous place. Vision in the forest is poor, reliable landmarks are few, and food is scarce in comparison to the seashore. Entering the forest always means traveling uphill, often up the sides of steep mountains, and clear trails are rare to nonexistent.
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The remote river flows through the Churchill River Upland portion of the Midwestern Canadian Shield forests and is surrounded by mixed forest with stands of black spruce, white spruce, jack pine, and trembling aspen. The shoreline is characterized by steeply sloping irregular rock ridges and poorly drained areas of muskeg. Typical of the Canadian Shield, the river runs through rolling hilly terrain with abundant glacially scoured rock outcrops. Bird species include raven, common loon, spruce grouse, bald eagle and hawk owl.
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The rusty blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) is a medium-sized blackbird, closely related to grackles ("rusty grackle" is an older name for the species). It is a bird that prefers wet forested areas, breeding in the boreal forest and muskeg across northern Canada, and migrating southeast to the United States during winter. Formerly abundant, the rusty blackbird has undergone one of the most rapid declines of any abundant bird species in North America in recent years, for reasons that are not well understood.
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Kaien Island, which comprised damp muskeg overlaying a solid rock foothill, proved expensive both for developing the land for railway and town use. By 1909, the town possessed 4 grocery, 2 hardware, 2 men's clothing, a furniture, and several fruit and cigar stores, a wholesale drygoods outlet, a wholesale/retail butcher, 2 banks, the GTP hotel and annex, and numerous lodging houses and restaurants. The first lot sales that year created a bidding war. Prince Rupert was incorporated on March 10, 1910.
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Its course is marked by rapids, impeding navigation southwest of Fort McMurray. Local rivers include the Hangingstone River, Clearwater River and Christina River, a tributary of the Clearwater River. The Hangingstone River drains an area of , which is dominated by muskeg, and flows into the Clearwater River just upstream of the Athabasca River at Fort McMurray. The river often experiences high flows in the spring during snow melt, during heavy rainfall events and when ice jams occur during spring ice break.
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On April 26, 2013 Plains Midstream Canada was charged with three counts of violating environmental protection laws relating to the spill. The charges pertain to: "the spill itself, failing to take all reasonable measures to repair the problem and not pursuing all steps possible to remediate and dispose of the oil that contaminated over three hectares of beaver ponds and muskeg in a densely forested area."McClure, M. (April 26, 2013). Plains Midstream charged for largest Alberta oil spill in decades.
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In 1933, he was hired by the Geological Survey of Canada, and was assigned to survey the transition zone between the Precambrian formations of the Canadian Shield and the Hudson Bay lowlands. Among the muskeg and blackflies, he sketched the landscape and produced pencil portraits of the traverse crew at the survey camp. His inspiration as an artist came from the great northern landscapes that he loved to visit. His dramatic style is quite similar to that of the Group of Seven.
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Wales Island lies on the northern edge of the Hecate Lowland Ecosection, a once heavily glaciated band of narrow lowland rain forest and coastal archipelago that stretches from Portland Inlet in the north to Queen Charlotte Strait in the south. Hecate Lowland terrain is generally rough and rocky, with wide areas of muskeg wetland and bog forest. Tree species include western red cedar, yellow cedar, mountain hemlock and fir. Salal, ferns, berry bush and skunk cabbage are commonly found undergrowth.
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Deer Mountain is a mountain peak located in the Tongass National Forest in the Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska, which dominates the skyline behind downtown Ketchikan. The Deer Mountain National Recreation Trail provides a strenuous hiking route to the summit, passing through temperate rainforests, muskeg and alpine meadows as it gains of elevation over from the trailhead in Ketchikan to the peak.Ketchikan Area Trails Guide, Tongass National Forest, R10-RG-210, February 2013 A view of Ketchikan, Alaska looking northwest from the summit of Deer Mountain.
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In 2008, Marathon Oil and Lestis Private Capital Group started the Central Basin Control Project (CBCP). In 2007, Marathon acquired Western Oil Sands for $6.6 billion and gained ownership of its 20 percent stake in the Athabasca Oil Sands Project in northern Alberta and other assets in the midwestern United States. The Athabasca project's Muskeg River Mine was producing approximately 155,000 barrels a day of bitumen at the time. In 2011, Marathon completed the corporate spin-off of Marathon Petroleum, distributing a 100% interest to its shareholders.
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Work recommenced, but minimal maintenance during the intervening years had left the line in a state of disrepair, limiting safe use to the first . Political interference, financing difficulties, and engineering challenges - caused by the large amount of muskeg and frequent rock outcrops on the Canadian Shield - led to numerous delays. The line to Churchill was completed March 29, 1929 and it opened for traffic on September 10, 1929. Port facilities were completed in 1931, and the British freighter Pennyworth was the first vessel to berth.
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The first such reserve was established in 1981 at Kylemore, Saskatchewan as operated by the Fishing Lake First Nation (Treaty 4). Another urban reserve under the Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation (Treaty 6) followed at Prince Albert in 1982. It is argued that the first formal commercial urban reserve was a property of established within Saskatoon in 1988 for the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation. By 2004, the reserve's commercial activity grew to provide employment for 350 people under 37 businesses, today known as the McKnight Commercial Centre.
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Much of the land is rock, ice, muskeg, or less productive forest on steep slopes. The stereotypical old growth is limited to lowland flats and valleys, which have been preferentially targeted for logging. Historically, the most common protocol has been to place protected areas in the mountains, leaving the valleys to the timber industry. So while some very large areas are protected as parks and monuments, very little of the highest-value habitat has been protected, and much of it has already been cut.
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Since Great Canadian Oil Sands (now Suncor) started operation of its mine in 1967, bitumen has been extracted on a commercial scale from the Athabasca Oil Sands by surface mining. In the Athabasca sands there are very large amounts of bitumen covered by little overburden, making surface mining the most efficient method of extracting it. The overburden consists of water-laden muskeg (peat bog) over top of clay and barren sand. The oil sands themselves are typically deep, sitting on top of flat limestone rock.
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The highway travels north straight-as-an-arrow towards Lake Nipissing, with forests to the east and a mix of forests and pastures to the west. It turns east and crosses a muskeg approximately two kilometres (1.25 miles) south of the lake, then enters the municipality of Callander. As it travels eastward towards Callander Bay, the highway serves numerous residences and the occasional farm. It dips south to avoid the bay then encounters the southern terminus of Highway 94 before ending at an interchange with Highway 11\.
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In June, 2012 almost half a million liters of sour crude oil leaked into a creek that flows into the Red Deer River near Sundre, approximately 100 kilometers north of Calgary. On June 19, 2012 an Enbridge pipeline spilled approximately 1,400 barrels of crude oil near Elk Point, Alberta. On April 2, 2014 a pipeline spilled 70,000 liters of oil northwest of Slave Lake, Alberta. In November, 2014 a pipeline leaked 60,000 liters of crude oil spilled into muskeg in Red Earth Creek in northern Alberta.
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Kamchatka Peninsula surrounded by algal bloom in 2013 A Kamchatka brown bear in the spring Kamchatka boasts abundant flora. The variable climate promotes different flora zones where tundra and muskeg are dominant, succeeded by grasses, flowering shrubs, and forests of pine, birch, alder and willow. The wide variety of plant forms spread throughout the Peninsula promotes a similar diversity in animal species that feed off the flora. Although Kamchatka is mostly tundra, deciduous and coniferous trees are abundant, and forests can be found throughout the peninsula.
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Detail of 1902 map first showing Pineroot RiverThe remote river flows through Churchill River Upland portion of the Midwestern Canadian Shield forests and is surrounded by mixed forest with stands of black spruce, white spruce, jack pine, and trembling aspen. The shoreline is characterized by steeply sloping irregular rock ridges and poorly drained areas of muskeg. The Pineroot area is largely pristine and home to moose, black bear, lynx, wolf, and beaver. Bird species include raven, common loon, spruce grouse, bald eagle and hawk owl.
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Mary Ellen Turpel-Lafond Mary Ellen Turpel-Lafond (born 1963 in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Muskeg Lake Cree Nation) is a Canadian lawyer, judge, and legislative advocate for children's rights. She was appointed in 2006 as British Columbia's first Representative for Children and Youth, an independent position reporting to the Legislative Assembly. She was re-appointed to a second 5-year term in 2011. Turpel-Lafond was earlier the first Treaty Indian to be appointed to the judicial bench of the Provincial Court of Saskatchewan.
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The tracks are driven by a large drive sprocket that engages the grousers in sequence and causes the track to rotate. Two belt tracks were common on early model Bombardiers and muskeg machines. For deep-snow use, wider tracks, employing additional belts, are used for added flotation over the snow. The research for the track base made it possible to produce a relatively small, continuous-rubber track for the light one- or two-person snowmobile the founder of the company had dreamed about during his teen years.
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Like most routes which pass through the Canadian Shield, Highway 127 travels through rock cuts and muskeg-ridden terrain in the midst of dense coniferous forests. There is little agricultural activity along the route. Within Maynooth, Highway 127 serves nearly three times as many vehicles as the rest of the route; while a daily average of 1800 vehicles use Highway 127 in Maynooth, only 650 travel the length of the route. As with other provincial highways in Ontario, Highway 127 is patrolled by the OPP.
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Crimson Lake Crimson Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park located in Alberta, Canada, west of Rocky Mountain House, off the David Thompson Highway along secondary highway 756. Crimson Lake received its name from the striking colours of the setting sun reflecting on the surface of its waters seen by an earlier trapper. It is a small, clear, shallow lake set in the meeting spot of foothills pine forests, aspen parkland, bog and muskeg ecosystems. Located on the northeast shore of the lake is Pioneer Ranch Camp, a Christian summer camp within the park's boundaries.
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If the logs are buried in wet, acidic, anaerobic soils such as peat or muskeg, they decay very slowly. A few corduroy road foundations that date back to the early 20th century still exist in North America. One example is the Alaska Highway between Burwash Landing and Koidern, Yukon, Canada, which was rebuilt in 1943, less than a year after the original route was graded on thin soil and vegetation over permafrost, by using corduroy, then building gravel road on top. During the 1980s, the gravel was covered with a chip-seal.
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Lower course of the Koyukuk in winter Zane Hills and Koyukuk River Vegetation along the Koyukuk River, sparse along the upper reaches, consists of tundra plants such as dwarf willows and other shrubs, sedges, and lichens. Further downstream at lower elevations, taiga and boreal forest plants are common except in the Koyukuk Flats near the mouth, where sedges and other herbaceous plants dominate the poorly drained muskeg. Trees found in more well-drained areas along the river include mountain alder, trembling aspen, white, and black spruce.Benke and Cushing, p.
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When construction began in 1901, the builders, Fauquier Brothers, avoided cutting straight through the "ever- present" rock ridges of the western Sudbury area. Instead, sidehill construction was used, creating a meandering, indirect course. The muskeg and swamp areas of the right of way resulted in the need for a number of wooden trestles or use of gravel fill. The builders did make cuts through softer clay ridges, but used an absolute minimum of track ballast, inevitably causing the rails under the weight of trains to be submerged in mud during or after wet weather.
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Ferry across Liard River, way to Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories The Liard River continues north, receiving the waters of Big Island Creek, Kotaneelee River and Petitot River. It turns around Mount Coty of the Franklin Mountains near Fort Liard Airfield, where it meets the Liard Highway. It receives the waters of the Muskeg River, Rabbit Creek and Flett Creek as it flows east of the Liard Range and Mount Flett. The Liard meanders east of the Sawmill Mountain and receives waters from the Beaver Water Creek, Netla River and Bay Creek.
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Some swamps have hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodic inundationSwamp (from glossary web page of the United States Geological Survey) or soil saturation. The two main types of swamp are "true" or swamp forests and "transitional" or shrub swamps. In the boreal regions of Canada, the word swamp is colloquially used for what is more correctly termed a bog, fen, or muskeg. Some of the world's largest swamps are found along major rivers such as the Amazon, the Mississippi, and the Congo.
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In 1919 the Canadian government created a channel through some of the rapids to make the route more easily navigable by canoe as an encouragement for prospectors to explore the region. The remote stream flows through Churchill River Upland portion of the Midwestern Canadian Shield forests and is surrounded by mixed forest with stands of black spruce, white spruce, jack pine, and trembling aspen. The shoreline is characterized by steeply sloping irregular rock ridges and poorly drained areas of muskeg. Goose River is difficult to access and largely pristine.
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The Hay River (South Slavey: ) is a large river in northern Alberta and southern Northwest Territories, Canada. It originates in the muskeg of north western Alberta, flows west to British Columbia, then curves northward and returns to Alberta, where it follows a north-northeast course towards the Northwest Territories. After passing over two main waterfalls, the Alexandra Falls and Louise Falls, it flows through the town of Hay River and discharges into the Great Slave Lake. From there, its waters are carried to the Arctic Ocean by the Mackenzie River.
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Work was done on the Athabaska Trail to make it passable for motor traffic as many roads had been graded. Before stopping places developed, caches were set up at stopping points along the way. Before the arrival of rails the waterways such as the Lesser Slave Lake near Athabasca, Alberta and the Saskatchewan River near Prince Albert were traversed by long boat, canoe, and steamship. The rail did not reach the northern areas until the early twentieth century due to the geological hurdles of mountains, muskeg, swamp, boreal forest, and river systems to traverse.
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Wapusk is the Cree word for "white bear", and as the meaning indicates, the park is a significant maternity denning area for the polar bear, Ursus maritimus. It includes a large part of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, a subarctic region bordering Hudson Bay that is mostly muskeg and wet peatlands. It is one of the wildest and most remote of Canadian landscapes. In winter, the Polar Bears of Wapusk National Park come ashore as the ice on the Hudson Bay melts, waiting on the tundra until the water freeze again.
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This day-flying moth is found in tundras in Arctic and Subarctic areas. It also occurs in rocky alpine tundra habitats on top of high mountains, and has been caught flying in muskeg habitat with trees growing in it in Canada. It is able to survive in extreme environments such as at 2200m above sea level in the Suntar-Khayata Range or at 2400m in Buryatia. It has been recorded at altitudes of 1561m in Coös County, New Hampshire, at 800m in the Richardson Mountains, Yukon, Canada, and at 300m in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia.
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Scatter River Old Growth Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the Liard River downstream from Liard River Hot Springs Provincial Park and Liard River Corridor Provincial Park and Protected Area. The park includes the Grand Canyon of the Liard, a 30km stretch of canyon and whitewater between the Toad and Trout River confluences with the Liard.BC Parks infopage The park includes high upland plateau and muskeg as well as stands of old growth spruce forests. Established in 1999, the park is c.
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Between 1880 and 1885, as the railway was slowly built, the CPR repeatedly came close to financial ruin. Not only was the terrain in the Rocky Mountains difficult, the route north of Lake Superior proved treacherous, as tracks and engines sank into the muskeg. When Canadian guarantees of the CPR's bonds failed to make them salable in a declining economy, Macdonald obtained a loan to the corporation from the Treasury—the bill authorizing it passed the Senate just before the firm would have become insolvent. Protestants demanded Riel be executed; Catholics wanted him to live.
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Highway 523 begins at the boundary between the Hastings County and Nipissing District, east of Algonquin Provincial Park. From here the road continues south as the Madawaska Road to Maynooth, where it meets the Peterson Road and Hastings Road, all former Colonization Roads which served to open the northern frontier to settlement in the 1850s. North of the boundary, the Highway begins and is known as Cross Lake Road. It passes through a sparsely populated region dotted with lakes and muskeg, generally remaining straight, though curving sporadically to avoid the many obstacles presented by the Canadian Shield.
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Attitti and surrounding lakes The Attitti Lake region, which includes McArthur Lake, is typical of the flat-surfaced part of the Canadian Shield, with low hills that rarely rise as much as above the lakes. The terrain consists of roughly parallel sinuous ridges of outcrop separated by muskeg, drift and lakes. Geologically the area is in the Precambrian Kisseynew complex, underlain by an assemblage of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks that has been intricately folded, with intrusions of sill-like granitic bodies. In its northern section the McArthur Lake fault zone is parallel to the east shore of McArthur Lake, forming a steep scarp high.
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The muskrat and beaver were exploited for their fur and beaver pelts. Beavers are still trapped for the fur trade industry and were almost extirpated in the first half of the 20th century. The Mid-Boreal Upland ecoregion within the Boreal Plains Ecozone features white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and the other mammals of the northern boreal forests. There is a lower population of mammalian wildlife amidst the fens, marshes, bogs and swamps that demark the muskeg area of the Mid-Boreal Lowland.
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Mary Greyeyes Reid (November 14, 1920 – March 31, 2011) was a Canadian World War II servicewoman. A Cree from the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan, she was the first First Nations woman to enlist in the Canadian Armed Forces. After joining the Canadian Women’s Army Corps (CWAC) in 1942, she became the subject of an internationally famous army publicity photograph, and was sent overseas to serve in London, England, where she was introduced to public figures such as George VI and his daughter Elizabeth. Greyeyes remained in London until being discharged in 1946, after which she returned to Canada.
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In general, these roads are built in areas where construction of year-round roads is expensive due to boggy muskeg land and a number of other reasons. In the winter, these obstacles are therefore easier to cross. Ice roads, such as the stretch between Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, Canada, provide an almost level driving surface with few detours several months of the year. An ice road between the Hailuoto Island and the Mainland Finland at winter When frozen in winter, the waterway crossings can be built up with auger holes to flood and thicken the crossing.
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Development of the portion of Sutherland Industrial east of Central Avenue and north of what is now College Drive began in earnest in the early 1960s. A small chunk of Sutherland Industrial was transferred to neighbouring Sutherland with the construction of several apartment buildings on Central Place. The Sutherland Branch of the Saskatoon Public Library was located within Sutherland Industrial for many years until a new facility was developed in the University Heights Suburban Centre in the 1990s. In 1988, the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation settled a land claim which created western Canada's first urban reserve.
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The first recorded ascent was made in July 1805 by Captain Urey Lisianski of the Imperial Russian Navy. In the 1930s a trail to the top of the mountain was made by the Civilian Conservation Corps as part of a New Deal program to ease the Great Depression. The Mt. Edgecumbe Trail is roughly , ascending through taiga and muskeg before becoming steep and ending in a barren landscape of snow and red volcanic ash above the treeline, at about , with sign-posts directing hikers toward the crater rim. A three-sided cabin built by the Conservation Corps lies about up trail.
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The Chuitna's length courses from its headwaters at the base of the Alaska Range to its mouth at Cook Inlet between the remote Alaska villages of Tyonek and Beluga on the west shore of upper Cook Inlet. The waterway and its tributaries are vital to the subsistence lifestyles of local residents whose villages are not connected to Alaska's road system. Though marked on some maps as "highways," the only roads in the area are primitive structures left behind from past oil and gas exploration and logging activities. The piedmont lowlands are covered in birch, poplar, and spruce forests and muskeg.
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Common Questions , Theresa Dust, Q.C. (City Solicitor for the City of Saskatoon), 2006. Following the success of the Muskeg Lake urban reserve, and following the same model, 28 more urban reserves have been created in Saskatchewan, including three each in Prince Albert, Yorkton and Fort Qu'Appelle. The Sounding Sky urban reserve is the second urban reserve in Saskatoon. Owned by the One Arrow First Nation, it houses the Fire Creek gas station and confectionery at 20th Street and Avenue P. This land was declared an urban reserve in November 2005 and developed in 2006, replacing a small strip mall.
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The Cold Lake Settlement was established north of Cold Lake, adjoining Primrose Lake, with an additional fishing station on the north shore of Cold Lake. With considerable areas of muskeg and stony ridges impeding agriculture, a 1941 report of the Alberta Bureau of Public Welfare recorded no settlers having taken residence in the area. However, merchantable timber and fish were both present in abundance, so the settlement was retained to provide resources for the nearby Elizabeth and Fishing Lake settlements. Today, most of the inland portion of the former Cold Lake Settlement is occupied by the Cold Lake 149C Indian Reserve.
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This means that the ability of the land to support various land uses after reclamation is similar to what existed, but that the individual land uses may not necessarily be identical. In some particular circumstances the government considers agricultural land to be equivalent to forest land. Oil sands companies have reclaimed mined land to use as pasture for wood bison instead of restoring it to the original boreal forest and muskeg. Syncrude asserts they have reclaimed 22% of their disturbed land, a figure disputed by other sources, who assess Syncrude more accurately reclaimed only 0.2% of its disturbed land.
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The members with Plains Cree populations are Flying Dust First Nation, Makwa Sahgaiehcan First Nation, Ministikwan Lake Cree Nation, and Waterhen Lake First Nation Saskatoon Tribal Council is, as the name suggests, a Tribal Council based out of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Cree member Nations are: Mistawasis Nêhiyawak, Muskeg Lake Cree Nation, Muskoday First Nation, and One Arrow First Nation. Touchwood Agency Tribal Council, based in Punnichy, Saskatchewan, is a Tribal Council of four First Nations, collectively known as the Touchwood Hills Cree. The Cree Nations are: Day Star First Nation, George Gordon First Nation, Kawacatoose First Nation, and Muskowekwan First Nation.
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Arthur Bergan was born in Assiniboia, Saskatchewan, where he joined the Saskatchewan Department of Highways, supervising the design and construction of highways. He attended the University of Saskatchewan, obtaining a bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering in 1961. After graduation, Dr. Bergan continued his road-building career, supervising the design and construction of highways, many in previously undeveloped regions in north and northeastern Saskatchewan. An estimated 500 miles of Saskatchewan highway were built under his supervision, through such challenging terrain as permafrost and muskeg. Dr. Bergan completed his master's degree in Civil Engineering at the UofS in 1964.
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A 1949 Bombardier B12 A J5 tractor and trailer, capable of snow or muskeg use Before the start of the company's development of track vehicles, Joseph-Armand Bombardier experimented with propeller-driven snow vehicles (similar to Russian aerosanis). His work with snowplane designs can be traced to before 1920. He quickly abandoned his efforts to develop a snowplane and turned his inventive skills to tracked vehicles. From the start, the company made truck-sized half-track vehicles, with skis in the front and caterpillar tracks in the rear, designed for the worst winter conditions of the flatland Canadian countryside.
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During the game's alpha release, the player had access to Sandbox (Survival) mode, with an option to spawn in one of the six regions: "Mystery Lake", "Coastal Highway", "Pleasant Valley", "Forlorn Muskeg", "Desolation Point", and "Timberwolf Mountain", all of which are connected together through transition zones. Currently there are 10 regions, including “Mountain Town”, “Broken Railroad”, “Hushed River Valley”, and “Bleak Inlet”. The objective is for the player to survive as long as possible by scavenging and utilizing whatever resources they may find within the world. This includes commodities such as food, water, firewood, medicine, and tools such as weapons, axes, knives, and a myriad of other items.
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About 10,000 years ago almost 90% of Koochiching County was covered by Lake Agassiz. When it receded it left low areas of decayed vegetation (muskeg); as a result, three-quarters of northern Koochiching are underlain with 2 to 50 feet of peat. The name "Koochiching" comes from either the Ojibwe word Gojijiing or Cree Kocicīhk (recorded in some documents as "Ouchichiq"), both meaning "at the place of inlets," referring to the neighboring Rainy Lake and River. Reverend J.A. Gilfillan recorded their meaning, "according to some, Neighbor lake, according to others a lake somewhere," possibly referring to the neighbouring Rainy Lake and to Lake Couchiching located in southern Ontario.
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The area has a rich clay soil, in contrast to the low fertility of the muskeg and exposed bedrock shield surrounding it. Moreover, the combination of its general fertility, flat topography, high water table and relative accessibility to an extensive network of roads for logging and mining make it suitable for some types of farming. The following year, the government announced plans to develop the area by tapping its natural resources. Soon after, Bernhard Eduard Fernow traveled the area at the behest of the federal Commission of Conservation, ostensibly to survey the area of the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line (formerly the Grand Trunk) and the potential for fire.
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After the CNR absorption of the bankrupt CNoR, the money-losing branch, and damage to trestles from a 1918 muskeg fire at Mile 4, terminated all services. In July 1930, work began on sinking piers for the 4,200-foot-long bridge with a 240-foot central span. On completion in November 1931, work trains carried the steel rails across the bridge to lay of track for the Lulu Island industrial branch line. This comprised two north-south lines from west of the new bridge to connect with the remnants of the original east-west line at the south arm, with a scheduled completion date for the $2m project before yearend.
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One, manned by the RCAF, set out eastward from Fort Nelson, BC in order to link up with a second moving west from Flin Flon, Manitoba, while a third crewed by the Army left Lake Nipigon near Thunder Bay, Ontario for Lansdown House about further north. The missions proved that it was possible to build the new line, but only during the winter when the muskeg was frozen solid. These missions also inspired the U.S. Army to invest in purpose-built overland trains which they experimented with in the 1960s but never put into production. While that was taking place, efforts were underway to start primary siting studies.
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Dene fishing camp on the Mackenzie River, north of the Arctic Circle The river continues west-northwest until its confluence with the North Nahanni River, where it turns north towards the Arctic. It flows through open taiga with its wide valley bounded, on the west, by the Mackenzie Mountains and to the east by low hills of the Canadian Shield. This mostly uninhabited area is called the Mackenzie Lowlands; although partly forested, it is mostly covered by large areas of muskeg, swamps and many small lakes. A number of major tributaries join from the west, including the Root River, Redstone River and Keele River.
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CNRL Albian Village and Jack Pine Mine, north east of Fort McMurray, Alberta Canada Albian Sands Energy Inc. is the operator of the Muskeg River Mine and Jack Pine Mine, an oil sands mining project located north of Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada. It is a joint venture between Shell Canada (10%), CNRL (70%) and Chevron Canada (20%). The company's legal headquarters are located in the Shell Tower in Calgary, Alberta. Albian Sands got its name from the Albian Boreal Sea which, during the Albian stage of the Cretaceous (over 100 million years ago), moved over the McMurray sands and deposited a blanket of marine shale on its floor which trapped the hydrocarbons of the McMurray Formation.
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The name "North Yamaska River" (officially Rivière Yamaska Nord) dates from December 5, 1968 (after its inscription at the Commission de toponymie du Québec (toponymy commission of Quebec)); it used to be known as rivière de Granby (Granby river) and rivière de Waterloo (Waterloo river). "Yamaska" can come from Abenaki language and means "there are rushes in the water" or "there is much hay"; these names are a reference to the humid lands of Lavallière bay, where the river's mouth is and the vegetation is abundant. Another possible origin would be Algonquin language "hia muskeg" means "savanna river" or "muddy water river". This tributary arrives from a northern direction when it merges into the Yamaska river.
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Whooping cranes breed in marshes. The muskeg of the taiga in Wood Buffalo National Park, Northwest Territories, Canada, and the surrounding area was the last remnant of the former nesting habitat of the Whooping Crane Summer Range. However, with the recent Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership Reintroduction Project, whooping cranes nested naturally for the first time in 100 years in the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge in central Wisconsin, United States. They nest on the ground, usually on a raised area in a marsh. The female lays 1 or 2 eggs, usually in late-April to mid-May. The blotchy, olive- coloured eggs average 2½ inches in breadth and 4 inches in length (60 by 100 mm), and weigh about .
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These camps closed, but the Hudson Bay Spur (Upper Fraser) one appears to have remained open.Prince George Citizen: 7 Jul 1932 & 11 Aug 1932 In 1932, the road condition from Prince George became adequate for cars, but the lack of a gravel supply between Giscome and Hansard delayed ballasting.Prince George Citizen, 14 May 1936 By 1937, this road was gravelled to west of Upper Fraser, with the remaining to Hansard graded.Prince George Citizen, 2 Dec 1937 The Prince George-Hansard weekend bus service, whose intermediate stops included Upper Fraser, appears short lived.Prince George Citizen, 25 May 1939 In 1939, the Hansard-Sinclair Mills road was sand surfaced from Hansard to the west end of the muskeg, west of Dewey.
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Dane-zaa (Beaver) tipi in winter near the Peace River, Alberta, 1899 The first European to explore the area was Sir Alexander MacKenzie, who travelled down the Peace in 1789 and eventually reached the Mackenzie River and the Arctic Ocean. In 1793 he used the same route to reach the Pacific Ocean. Subsequently, the region saw a surge in the fur trade, with forts Pettit, Donald A. Peace: A history in photographs, 2008 built along the river from Fort Vermilion to Hudson's Hope. At the beginning of the 20th century, the farming potential of the area was advertised by the federal government, but a settlement was scarce because of difficult travel conditions through the muskeg.
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The worst feature, however, was the clause which provided that the track would be ballasted with adjacent material, instead of train-hauled gravel ballast. The soil is particularly wet, and a large portion of the line traverses muskeg swamps; this omission would be better understood by a physical examination of the line than words can convey. The natural surface was so bad that the construction company [was] forced to haul in ballast in order to get construction trains over the track. After the Northern Pacific assumed control, it became necessary to incur great expenditures in providing additional sidings, spurs and other facilities for the ordinary transaction of business, and to perform additional ballasting.
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During the Great Depression in 1933 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, baroness Helen Port-Huntley (Isabella Rossellini) announces a competition to find the saddest music in the world, as a publicity stunt to promote her company, Muskeg Beer, as Prohibition is about to end in the United States. The prize is $25,000 "Depression-era dollars" and musicians from all over the world pour into Winnipeg to compete. Chester Kent (Mark McKinney), a failing Broadway producer, decides to enter the contest representing America, even though he is Canadian and originally from Winnipeg. An old fortune teller predicts his doom, but Chester mocks this prediction by having his nymphomaniac amnesiac girlfriend Narcissa (Maria de Medeiros) masturbate him.
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The Hammerstone Quarry Project was an expansion of Birch Mountain Resources' Muskeg Valley Quarry in Northern Alberta, north of Fort McMurray, in Fort McKay, where Birch Mountain owned mineral rights on nearly one million acres in the heart of the oil sands region. The Hammerstone Quarry covers an area over 3700 acres. The Hammerstone Quarry Project had approximately 1 billion tonnes of proven and probable limestone reserves, making it the largest Quarry in Canada, for use to meet the projected demands for limestone and limestone products in the Athabasca region to the year 2060, where there is a known shortage of quality aggregate and limestone materials. The expansion was to include the aggregate quarry, a lime plant and cement plant.
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By October, the now-iconic Little Current Swing Bridge was open, allowing trains (and later, road vehicles) to cross the North Channel. In the time after the construction of the railway, the area's environment would be slowly transformed. Hydroelectric power operations such as the INCO High Falls and Nairn Falls Dam and Generating Plant would help to slightly stabilize the seasonal flooding of the Spanish River through the creation of the Agnew Lake reservoir upstream. As well, the clay belts and muskeg west of Sudbury would always be challenging terrain, and as active and passive deforestation due to industrial operations at locations like O'Donnell devastated the environment in the area, it would become even more desolate, and less attractive to permanent human habitation.
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They can also be found in swamps and marshes with emergent vegetation such as reeds and cattails, muskeg pools and peat bogs, and in some areas have been found in open prairie pools with little shade. They overwinter as eggs and in late winter and spring large numbers of larvae hatch. The females are seldom troublesome to humans in eastern North America, even when recently emerged females are extremely abundant, however, in the western part of its range they readily and persistently bite people, especially in areas of shade and throughout most of the day. The presence of larvae in the breeding pools after the Spring suggests that these mosquitoes are either laying non diapausing eggs or that the hatching of the eggs is staggered.
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Together, these oil sand deposits lie under of boreal forest and muskeg (peat bogs) and contain about of bitumen in-place, comparable in magnitude to the world's total proven reserves of conventional petroleum. The International Energy Agency (IEA) lists the economically recoverable reserves, at 2007 prices and modern unconventional oil production technology, to be , or about 10% of these deposits. These contribute to Canada's total proven reserves being the third largest in the world, after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela's Orinoco Belt. By 2009, the two extraction methods used were in situ extraction, when the bitumen occurs deeper within the ground, (which will account for 80 percent of oil sands development) and surface or open-pit mining, when the bitumen is closer to the surface.
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This satellite photo of Lake Timiskaming shows a clear difference in landforms, with the muskeg of the Canadian Shield to the southwest and flatter drained and cleared area of the Lesser Clay Belt to the north and east. The white coloring is due to snow lying on the flat land, while it is hidden under the fir-covered Shield to the south. The area was first mapped by Dr. Robert Bell and his assistant Arthur Barlow in 1887, as part of a wider series of surveys in northern Ontario. In 1899, Barlow wrote a report on the geology and natural resources of the area, which suggested that the rich belt of clay that lay north of Lake Temiskaming was ideal for agricultural settlement.
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Prince George Citizen, 25 May 1939 In 1947, the road west to Giscome was impassable even in summer.Prince George Citizen, 5 Aug 1948 Two years later, reconstruction through muskeg in the vicinity, and a shortage of gravel, created road conditions that bogged down even Caterpillar tractors and required the winching of trucks.Prince George Citizen: 3 & 10 Nov 1949 One summer weekend in 1950, having previously endured near impassable muddy conditions, volunteers from the district used public works equipment to rehabilitate the road significantly.Prince George Citizen: 24 & 31 Aug 1950 Gravelling on the Newlands-Aleza Lake section occurred in the fall,Prince George Citizen: 21 Sep 1950, 19 Oct 1950 & 13 Nov 1950 and progress continued as far east as the S. B. Trick mill.
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It is written in an epic style, where characters engage in both verbal and physical struggle. The poem also has a political context, illuminated by the debates between Prime Minister John A. Macdonald (for the railway) versus Edward Blake (against). The physical tests throughout the poem are a battle between the forces of nature (the Canadian Shield is personified as a prehistoric monster) versus the combined might of the construction team headed by William Van Horne. In his introduction to Pratt's 1968 Selected Poems, literary critic Peter Buitenhuis says of the piece: :In this poem man has the chance to learn from his mistakes and to employ his sinews and his technology to throw his thin lines of steel across muskeg and mountain.
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Since 2004, the highway has formed the majority of the National Highway System core route between Fort McMurray and Edmonton, and in 2016 played a key role in the evacuation of over 80,000 people from Fort McMurray and the surrounding areas during a highly destructive wildfire. Despite relatively low traffic volumes compared to other major highways in the province, the route has earned the moniker "Highway of Death" due to many fatal crashes. In 2006, Alberta committed to twinning the stretch from Grassland to Fort McMurray, but progress was initially slower than anticipated due to muskeg and wildlife restrictions. After a particularly high-profile crash killed seven people, the province announced an accelerated timeline for the project in 2012 and all work was completed in 2016.
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Saskatoon is the home of Canada's first urban reserve, or Indian reserve created within existing city limits. (Other reserves had been absorbed into adjacent cities before this.) As part of the land claim process that was started in the 1950s and finalised in the 1992 Treaty Land Entitlement Framework Agreement, the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation claimed a vacant tract east of the Sutherland Industrial neighbourhood in 1984; the area was Crown land that had been intended for a correctional facility but never used. Following negotiations between the band, the City of Saskatoon, and the federal government, the area was designated as an Indian Reserve in 1988. The City and the band formed an Urban Reserve Partnership, where the land is managed by the band but serviced by the City.
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Pennwest reported that on the evening of June 22, 2013, between "400,000 and 600,000 litres of salty waste water" and 5,000 litres of oil leaked from their pipeline approximately from Little Buffalo on land that is proposed as a future reserve and is regularly used by Lubicon Lake Cree for hunting and trapping. The size of the spill and the area affected, which includes surface waters and muskeg lands, reported by Pennwest alarmed the Lubicon Lake Cree, who now claim the spill is larger than initial estimates. Bernard Ominayak, the chief of the Lubicon Lake Nation is concerned about the safety of the Lubicon Cree citizens and their environment, including groundwater and wildlife. Alberta Environment and Water was onsite by June 24 and is investigating the leak, which occurred during the period of heavy rain.
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The logical route went through the American Midwest and the city of Chicago, Illinois (via some Milwaukee Road and Soo Line Railroad trackage that would later be acquired by CP in the late 20th century). In addition to this was the difficulty of building a railway through the Canadian Rockies; an entirely Canadian route would require crossing of rugged terrain across the barren Canadian Shield and muskeg of Northern Ontario. To ensure this routing, the government offered huge incentives including vast grants of land in the West. In 1873, Sir John A. Macdonald and other high-ranking politicians, bribed in the Pacific Scandal, granted federal contracts to Hugh Allan's Canada Pacific Railway Company (which was unrelated to the current company) rather than to David Lewis Macpherson's Inter-Ocean Railway Company which was thought to have connections to the American Northern Pacific Railway Company.
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From Turbine to Nairn, the M&NS; line roughly paralleled the CPR line and ran on the south shore of the Spanish River, but was often no more than five or six feet above the river's summer level, and spring flood-waters "must have been a chronic problem." At the same time, earlier sections of the line closer to Sudbury were improved with some draining of the muskeg lands and improvement of the line's infrastructure, which was not completely successful. The first train to cross the Little Current Swing Bridge, hauled by Locomotive #51. In April 1913, railway construction had carved its way through the La Cloche Mountains to Turner, which was across the North Channel from Little Current on Manitoulin Island, and which was the chosen location for dock facilities, as well as the railway's western yard.
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Hillary with George J. Dufek at Scott Base, just before departure In December 1956, Fuchs returned on Danish Polar vessel Magga Dan with additional supplies, and the southern summer of 1956–1957 was spent consolidating Shackleton Base and establishing the smaller South Ice Base, about inland to the south. After spending the winter of 1957 at Shackleton Base, Fuchs finally set out on the transcontinental journey in November 1957, with a 12-man team travelling in six vehicles; three Sno-Cats, two Weasel tractors, and one specially adapted Muskeg tractor. En route, the team were also tasked with carrying out scientific research including seismic soundings and gravimetric readings. In parallel, Hillary's team had set up Scott Base—which was to be Fuchs' final destination—on the opposite side of the continent at McMurdo Sound on the Ross Sea.
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After spending the winter of 1957 at Shackleton Base, Fuchs finally set out on the transcontinental journey in November 1957, with a twelve-man team travelling in six vehicles; three Sno-Cats, two Weasels and one specially adapted Muskeg tractor. En route, the team were also tasked with carrying out scientific research including seismic soundings and gravimetric readings. In parallel Hillary's team had set up Scott Basewhich was to be Fuchs' final destinationon the opposite side of the continent at McMurdo Sound on the Ross Sea. Using three converted Massey Ferguson TE20 tractors and one Weasel (abandoned part- way), Hillary and his three men (Ron Balham, Peter Mulgrew and Murray Ellis), were responsible for route-finding and laying a line of supply depots up the Skelton Glacier and across the Polar Plateau on towards the South Pole, for the use of Fuchs on the final leg of his journey.
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Highway 63 is the main route through Fort McMurray, seen here near Prairie Loop Blvd and the Hangingstone River crossing Alberta Provincial Highway No. 63, commonly referred to as Highway 63, is a highway in northern Alberta, Canada that connects the Athabasca oil sands and Fort McMurray to Edmonton via Highway 28\. It begins as a two-lane road near the hamlet of Radway where it splits from Highway 28, running north through aspen parkland and farmland of north central Alberta. North of Boyle, it curves east to pass through the hamlet of Grassland and becomes divided west of Atmore where it again turns north, this time through heavy boreal forest and muskeg, particularly beyond Wandering River. Traffic levels significantly increase as Highway 63 bends through Fort McMurray, crossing the Athabasca River before connecting the city to the Syncrude and Suncor Energy plants further north.
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It connected Edmonton to Waterways (now a neighbourhood of Fort McMurray) via Lac La Biche, near the present-day alignment of Highway 881 and as many as east of the route that later became Highway 63 north of Boyle. Prior to the railway, a common route from Edmonton to McMurray was for one to first reach Athabasca by rail, then travel north along the Athabasca and House Rivers before portaging into McMurray. The completed A&GW; Railway made Edmonton trips more feasible, but the population of McMurray remained under 1,000 in the 1930s so a highway to the remote outpost through heavy muskeg and forest had not yet been deemed worthwhile. At this time, the only major road stretching into northern Alberta beyond Lac La Biche was Highway 2, which ran from Edmonton to Athabasca before turning west to Lesser Slave Lake and the Peace Country.
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A 1900 map showing the District of Saskatchewan at its greatest extent The District of Saskatchewan in 1888 included the five French speaking settlements of St. Laurent, Fish Creek, Duck Lake, Batoche and St. Louis de Langevin in the area of the South Branch of the Saskatchewan River and the settlements of Green Lake, La Ronge, Red Deer Lake (56-25-W2), Nut Lake (39-23-W2), Birch River, Fort à la Corne, Snake Plains (northwest of Carleton near Muskeg Lake), Birch Hills (46-23-W3), Clarke's Crossing (38-4-W3), Shell River (15 miles northwest of Prince Albert), Carrot River, Cumberland House, The Pas, Grand Rapids, Battleford, Fort Pitt, Frog Lake, Onion Lake, Cold Lake, Fort Carlton, Humboldt, Saskatoon. The district was home to Cree people of Treaty 4, Treaty 5 and Treaty 6 who lived on Indian reserves and a small band of Dene who lived in the northwest section around Cold Lake.
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On arrival at Prince Rupert the guns were run out to Fairview Point on spurs hurriedly built from the main CNR line, and were solidly braced on positions under which vast quantities of rock had been sunk into the muskeg. Much of the work of constructing roads, bridges and railway spurs in preparation for the big guns was done by members o the 9th Heavy Battery RCA, who had been manning mobile 8-inch howitzers at Porter's Lake near Halifax. Arriving at Fairview on 26 March 1942, they took up temporary residence in refitted railway cars near their new home, and by 9 April they reported the guns capable of firing in an emergency. When the Japanese attacked the Aleutians on 3 June, both guns were still in the process of being settled in their new positions. Late next day, however, No 2 gun was ready for action." From: Gunners of Canada Vol 2 pgs 469 & 476 via Tanknet CDSG Journal May 2000 has an article on "Prince Rupert Defenses 1938-45" by David Morgan with following info on these guns pp18–19 via Tanknet: The Canadian Army received (so operated by them, if not clear already): "Fairview Battery: counter bombardment.
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