The duple meter laid down by his feet would have knocked against the rhythm of whatever melody or text was running through his mind.
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A Duple Metsec-bodied Dennis Dragon operated by Citybus, Hong Kong. All but four of a total of 1649 Dennis Dragons/Condors built were bodied by Duple Metsec. KMB's Dennis Trident 3 with Duple Metsec DM5000 body SBS Transit's Dennis Trident 3 with Duple Metsec DM5000 body SBS Transit's Dennis Dart with Duple Metsec body (Scrapped) SBS Transit's Mercedes-Benz O405 with Duple Metsec body SBS Transit's Volvo B10M Mark III with Duple Metsec body (Scrapped in mid-2012) SBS Transit's Volvo B10M Mark IV with Duple Metsec body SBS Transit's Volvo B10M Mark IV with Duple Metsec DM3500 body Duple Metsec was a bus bodywork builder based in West Midlands of England in the United Kingdom. It usually supplied body kits for bus assembly overseas.
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II; issue 60752 In February 1983, Hestair Dennis purchased Duple Coachbuilders.Hestair: we own Duple Commercial Motor 2 July 1983 Between the two Hestair could produce complete vehicles with the new Duple-developed integrated body-chassis units. Duple owned Duple Metsec in Tipton, suppliers of bus body kits for assembly overseas.Special Vehicles The Times 24 June 1983; pg.
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The Duple Laser was a design of a coach bodywork built by Duple between 1983 and 1986. It replaced the long-running Duple Dominant body as Duple's standard medium-height coach of the mid 1980s.
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The Duple Dominant was a design of a coach (and less commonly bus) bodywork built by Duple between 1972 and 1987. It introduced an all-steel structure and replaced the wooden-framed Duple Vega, Viceroy and Vista models.
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The Duple Caribbean was design of a coach bodywork built by Duple between 1983 and 1986. It replaced the high-floor Goldliner variant of the long-running Duple Dominant range as Duple's premium coach body of the mid 1980s.
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The Duple Calypso was a design of semi-integral coach built by Duple between 1983 and 1984 using running gear from the Bova Europa.
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Salsa uses duple-pulse son clave almost exclusively.Mauleón 1993 p. 52.In his chapter "La Clave" (pp. 13-32), Gerard only address duple- pulse son clave.
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The Duple 300 Series were a range of bus and coach bodywork built by Duple between 1985 and 1989. The range comprised the high Duple 300 service bus, the high Duple 320 coach, and the taller high Duple 340 coach. The 320 and 340 coaches were announced at the Bus and Coach Show at Earls Court in September 1985 as replacements for the previous Laser and Caribbean. Deliveries of these models commenced in 1986, whilst the 300 bus was launched in 1987 as a replacement for the Dominant Bus.
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Rumba clave in duple-pulse and triple-pulse structures Although rumba is played predominantly in binary meter (duple pulse: , ), triple meter (triple pulse: , ) is also present. In most rumba styles, such as yambú and guaguancó, duple pulse is primary and triple-pulse is secondary.Peñalosa, David (2011). Rumba Quinto.
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The TransBus batch is almost identical to the original Duple Metsec design, with the main difference being the fitment of circular indicator lights on the rear of the body, rather than the curved corner units used by Duple Metsec. Production of the Duple Metsec DM5000 body continued until 2002.
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Duple time is common in many styles including the polka, notorious for its obvious "oom-pah" duple feel. Compare to the waltz. Binary measure refers to common time.
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Duple Metsec became a subsidiary of Hestair Group in 1983 and then subsidiary of Trinity Holdings in 1989. When Duple Coachbuilders was closed by Trinity Holdings in 1989, Duple Metsec was not closed and its business was retained. In October 1998, it was acquired by Mayflower Corporation. The factory of Duple Metsec was closed after the formation of TransBus International in 2001, And after that TransBus International still manufacture DM5000 body until 2002, than the previous Duple Metsec body department is merged with previous Walter Alexander Coachbuilders and Plaxton, which are also acquired by Transbus International, and finally Transbus International remerged into Alexander Dennis since 2004.
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The Duple Dartline was a single-decker bus body built on the Dennis Dart chassis by three manufacturers - Duple Coachbuilders of Blackpool, Carlyle Works of Birmingham and Marshall Bus of Cambridge - between 1989 and 1993.
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The Duple Viceroy was a type of coach bodywork built by Duple between 1966 and 1972. It was initially launched on lightweight front-engined chassis, but it was latterly built on mid-engined and heavyweight chassis as well. A variant of the Viceroy was the Duple Viceroy Express, which had a bus-type entrance door making it suitable for stage carriage work.
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Duple 425 The Duple 425 was a coach design built by Hestair Duple in the late 1980s, and briefly by Plaxton in the early 1990s. It was a fully integral coach, unlike most contemporary British designs which had a separate body and chassis, and was notable for its streamlined design with a sloping upper windscreen and a , hence the model designation.
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Duple had struggled with a declining market share throughout the 1980s and the business was closed down at the end of the 1989 season. The rights to manufacture the 300 series bodies and the Duple 425 integral were purchased by Plaxton, which planned to restart production of the former Duple range at its own Scarborough factory and its French subsidiary Carrosserie Lorraine. In the event these plans were thwarted by declining economic conditions which limited the demand for new coaches. Indeed, the last Dennis Javelin/Duple 320 built for dealer stock was not registered until 1993 (K326ANC).
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Peñalosa: "[C.K.] Ladzekpo cites several genres of music in Ghana alone that use both the triple and duple-pulse versions of 'son clave': the Ewe's fofui and alfi and the Ashanti's sekwi and akom. The Ga's kinka, oge and kpanlogo use duple-pulse 'son clave.'" 2010 p.
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The only contemporary model was the Dinky Toys Duple Roadmaster. Corgi Toys have since produced the Burlingham Seagull to 1/50 and 1/76 scales. Oxford Diecast now also offer a 1/76 scale model of the all- Leyland Royal Tiger coach and have recently announced a 1/76 Duple Roadmaster.
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In Singapore, Singapore Bus Service purchased 10 Duple Metsec bodied Darts in 1994 for smaller routes (M1, M2, M4 and 183). All the buses were retired in 2010 and replaced by Volvo B10Ms.Dennis Dart (Duple Metsec) SGBuses.com Several private operators uses Dennis Darts (including SLF), those are being scrapped by 2019.
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Duple Metsec DM3500 was a bus body which was built for Volvo B10M for SBS Transit from 1997 to 2000.
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Some of the foreign coaches now selling in Britain were of integral construction, and Duple wished to produce an integral design of its own to compete more effectively with these. The first attempts were a pair of prototypes built in 1983, one of which was a semi-integral variant of the Duple Caribbean body built on German Auwärter Neoplan N716 running gear, which remained a one-off. The other prototype employed Dutch BOVA running gear within a unique style of semi- integral body known as the Duple Calypso, and a further 50 production vehicles of this type were built for the 1984 season. The styling of the Calypso was a hybrid of the contemporary Duple Laser and Caribbean coach bodies which were produced in larger numbers.
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This establishes a dotted-quarter note pulse in duple time: each measure is formed from two dotted-quarter note pulses, each pulse divided into three eighth notes. Simple duple drum pattern but with triplets: divides each of two beats into three. Compound triple meter is equivalent to simple duple meter with triplets on every beat. Compound triple drum pattern: divides each of three beats into three This establishes a dotted-quarter note pulse in triple time: each measure is formed from three dotted-quarter note pulses, each pulse divided into three eighth notes.
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"Hong Kong Buses Part 3: Kowloon Motor Bus" Fleetline issue 249 July 1997 page 118 In Malaysia, Triton Commuter used to operate a fleet of UMW-Dennis Lance with Duple Metsec bodywork before the company was bought over by Causeway Link. Some of the buses continued service with Causeway Link, while others were sold to 707 Travel Group. Transit Link JB also operated a small number of UMW-Dennis Lance with Duple Metsec bodywork. In New Zealand, Ritchies Coachlines operate a UMW- Dennis Lance with Duple Metsec bodywork.
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It is then associated with the story of Hinemoa swimming across the lake to her forbidden lover, Tūtānekai, on Mokoia Island. However, there have been many different English translations. "Pokarekare Ana" was originally written predominantly in triple time, with the verse in duple time, but has been more commonly heard in duple time since World War II.
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The unstressed syllables are placed on the second, third, fifth, or sixth beats. When using duple meter in 6/8 time, the stressed syllables are placed on the first and fourth beats. Unstressed syllables are placed on the second, third, fifth, or sixth beats. Note that triplet time signatures can accommodate both duple and triple meter lyrical content.
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In yambú and guaguancó duple- pulse is primary and triple-pulse is secondary.Peñalosa, David (2011: xxii) Rumba Quinto. Redway, CA: Bembe Books.
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Some of the foreign coaches now selling in Britain were of integral construction, and Duple wished to produce an integral design of its own to compete more effectively with these. The first attempts were a pair of prototypes built in 1983, one of which was a semi-integral variant of the Duple Caribbean body built on German Auwärter Neoplan N716 running gear, which remained a one-off. The other prototype employed Dutch BOVA Europa running gear within a unique style of semi-integral body known as the Duple Calypso, and a further 50 production vehicles of this type were built for the 1984 season. However, in June 1983 Duple had been sold to the Hestair Group, which had previously acquired the British chassis manufacturer Dennis Brothers of Guildford.
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It is notated in duple meter (2/4 time) and most frequently uses eighth notes, quarter notes, half notes, and dotted whole notes.
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A hoedown is a type of American folk dance or square dance in duple meter, and also the musical form associated with it.
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Normally Duple Metsec only produced body kits for assembly by either third parties or by the bus operators themselves. Later Duple Metsec also developed a 10.3-metre low height version for New World First Bus of Hong Kong. After the transfer of production of DM5000 bodywork to Alexander factory in Falkirk, it was still offered on the left hand drive version of the Dennis Trident chassis. In 2001, when New World First Bus wanted to place a repeat order for their special low height Dennis Trident, TransBus offered to produce another batch of this Duple Metsec design to win the order.
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The Bedford OWB chassis was produced during the war to the same basic design as the OB, but replacing valuable metals, like aluminium, with cast iron, and fitted with austere bodywork and interior featuring 32 seats with no upholstery, just wooden slats like a park bench. Bodies were designed and built by Duple Coachbuilders and bodies to Duple drawings were also built by Charles H. Roe in Leeds, Mulliners in Birmingham and Scottish Motor Traction in Edinburgh. Total OWB production was 3,398, finishing in late 1945, the majority of the utility bodies were by Duple, a trend that would continue post-war.
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The sacred music in particular shows the influence of the Venetian school, with polychoral writing as well as contrasting duple- versus triple-time sections.
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The Krakowiak (), also known as the Cracovienne, is a fast, syncopated Polish dance in duple time from the region of Kraków and Lesser Poland.
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After Duple closed down the designs were sold to Plaxton and a small number of additional 320 bodies were built as the Plaxton 321.
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When duple pulses () are grouped in sets of three, the four-against-three (4:3) cross-rhythm is generated. The four cross-beats cycle every three main beats. In terms of cross-rhythm only, this is the same as having duple cross-beats in a triple beat scheme, such as or . The pulses on the top line are grouped in threes for visual emphasis.
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The original Caribbean was introduced in 1983 as Duple's upmarket / high-floor coach and was available on 12 metre long mid-engined DAF, Dennis, Leyland and Volvo chassis. At the time Duple was attempting to develop its own integral coach designs and a one-off rear-engined semi-integral Caribbean was built on Neoplan running gear as a prototype. The design bonded glazing which distinguished it from the contemporary low-floor Duple Laser (early examples of which had gasket glazing). Quad headlights and a narrow chrome grille were standard, although twin headlights and a wider grille (as used on the Duple Calypso) could be specified as an option.
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When it was launched the 320 was available on 11-metre long Bedford YNT and Leyland Tiger chassis and 12m long Bedford YNV, Leyland Tiger, DAF MB200 / MB230 and Volvo B10M chassis. Subsequently a few old 11 and 12 m Leyland Leopard chassis received replacement Duple 320 bodies, and a batch of 12m 320s was built on rear- engined Scania K93 chassis in 1988. However, the most popular chassis for the 320 would prove to be the Dennis Javelin. At the time of its launch in 1986 both Dennis and Duple were under common ownership by the Hestair Group so the Duple 320 body was the obvious choice for Javelin prototypes.
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The Hong Kong Air Cargo Terminals Limited received four Dennis Dragons with Duple Metsec "W" bodywork in 1996. The body design was similar with Citybus examples.
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He scored it in duple meter rather than its standard triple meter. The anthem was quoted by Edward Elgar in his symphonic prelude Polonia, composed in 1915.
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Duple Metsec DM5000 was a bus body which was built for Dennis Trident 3. These buses operate with New World First Bus, Citybus, Kowloon Motor Bus of Hong Kong and SBS Transit of Singapore, etc. They are equipped with Cummins Euro II or Euro III engines and all of them are air conditioned. Duple Metsec bodied two of the pre-production batch of Dennis Trident chassis for Citybus.
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4:3 cross-rhythm in modular form. However, this 4:3 is within a duple beat scheme, with duple (quadruple) subdivisions of the beats. Since the musical period is a cycle of four main beats, the 4:3 cross-rhythm significantly contradicts the period by cycling every three main beats. The complete cross-beat cycle is shown below in relation to the key pattern known in Afro-Cuban music as clave.
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Thus, simple duple (2/4, 4/4, 2/2, etc.), simple triple (3/4), compound duple (6/8), and compound triple (9/8). Divisions which require numbers, tuplets (for example, dividing a quarter note into five equal parts), are irregular divisions and subdivisions. Subdivision begins two levels below the beat level: starting with a quarter note or a dotted quarter note, subdivision begins when the note is divided into sixteenth notes.
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They were bodied by either Duple Metsec or Walter Alexander Strider. Mid-life refurbishments extended their lifespan by two years, and 30 DM3500-bodied buses received another one-year extension in 2017 due to insufficient replacement buses. All these buses have been retired as of 23 December 2018. A 14.5m B10M Superlong tri-axle bus, bodied by Duple Metsec, was purchased in 1995 (UITP Congress 1995) and retired in October 2012.
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This model was sold to London Regional Transport and to some operators outside London. Soon after it was launched, Duple was sold to Plaxton and the Blackpool plant closed. Plaxton decided not to acquire the design rights of the Duple Dartline and it was sold to Carlyle Works, who continued producing the bodywork from 1991. Production passed to Marshall of Cambridge in 1992 who bodied five Darts to this design.
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The Duple Metsec "R" bodywork was built for various types of single-deckers including Volvo B10M for Singapore Bus Services from 1988 to 1995, and Mercedes-Benz O405.
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Continuous duple-pulse cross-beats are often sounded by the quinto, the lead drum in the Cuban genres rumba and conga. (Rumba, pps. 69–86) Quinto drum clave.
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Despite the facelifts for the Viceroy and Commander, rivals Plaxton had again stolen the march on Duple with the launch of their own new model at the same show. With its even larger curved-glass windows, the Plaxton Panorama Elite made the Viceroy and (especially) the Commander look dated and Duple fell behind Plaxton in sales for the first time during the 1969 season. Faced with the need to design a completely new model to challenge the Panorama Elite while at the same time transferring production from Hendon to Blackpool, Duple had no immediate answer to this problem, and the Viceroy range did not receive any major styling changes for the remainder of its production life.
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Duple was renamed Hestair Duple, and rather than persisting with semi-integrals built on third party running gear it was decided to develop a fully integral coach with running units from sister company Hestair Dennis. As a result the Duple 425 was developed, and production commenced in 1985. The 425 had a rear-mounted Cummins or DAF engine with automatic transmission, and a typical layout seated 57 passengers (or 53 with a toilet fitted), which was a relatively high capacity for a 12 metre coach at the time. Plaxton 425 Sales of the 425 were limited with only about 130 vehicles being completed, although many of them enjoyed unusually long service lives.
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It was of intermediate height, being closer in height to the Laser but featuring bonded glazing like the Caribbean. However, while the Calypso had twin headlamps and a wide grille, most contemporary Laser and Caribbean bodies had quad headlamps and a small chrome grille (although the Calypso headlights/grille could be specified as an option). In June 1983 Duple had been sold to the Hestair Group, which had previously acquired the British chassis manufacturer Dennis Brothers of Guildford. Duple was renamed Hestair Duple, and rather than persisting with semi-integrals built on third party running gear it was decided to develop a fully integral coach with running units from sister company Hestair Dennis.
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As a result the contract with BOVA was not renewed after the 1984 season and instead the fully integral Duple 425 was developed as a replacement for the Calypso.
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22; issue 63289 Hestair Specialist Vehicles Limited was renamed Specialist Vehicles Limited on 7 March 1989. Alexander Dennis, Guildford factory in 2008 Duple Coachbuilders was closed down in July 1989 with 350 jobs lost. The parts and service business went to Plaxton, production of the 300 series and 425 Integral followed parts and service to Plaxton later. Plaxton took the Duple sites in London, Blackpool and Glasgow to enlarge their spares and repairs network.
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Quintuple meter occurs as a variation in some women's dance songs of indigenous Australians, where a measure is occasionally inserted into songs with a basic duple or four-beat pattern.
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The quinto (literally fifth in Spanish) is the smallest and highest pitched type of conga drum. It is used as the lead drum in Cuban rumba styles such as guaguancó, yambú, columbia and guarapachangueo, and it is also present in congas de comparsa. Quinto phrases are played in both triple-pulse (12/8, 6/8) and duple-pulse (4/4, 2/2) structures. In columbia, triple pulse is the primary structure and duple pulse is secondary.
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Among the first customers were Scout of Preston, an independent coach operator who competed with Ribble on Lancashire to London express services. They had the first five Duple Elizabethan-bodied coaches in early 1954.Townsin, Duple 70 Years of Coachbuilding, Stockport 1998 In 1952 Leyland had bought into Self-Changing Gears. This company owned the patents for the preselective type of epicyclic gearbox which Leyland had fitted to the RTL and RTW Titans it sold to London Transport.
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Sonata 5 is the most regular; Sonata 10 has two refrains, in the pattern ABCDEBDFBG. Sonata 4 has the quite unusual plan of ABCDEFGHIJI'J'I'/'. Sections are essentially of three types: (1) fast sections in duple meter, often with some imitation, derived from the canzona tradition; (2) slow, expressive, homophonic sections in duple meter, related perhaps to the toccata and recitative; and (3) homophonic sections (occasionally with brief passages in imitation) in triple time, apparently related to the dance.
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After World War I, the owner of Bifort, Herbert White, started the Duple Motor Body company at Hornsey in North London which went on to become a major builder of bus bodies.
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A 19m B10MA articulated bus, also bodied by Duple Metsec, was purchased in 1996. It was known as "Asia's Longest Bus". In 2006, it was sold to Bayes Coachlines in New Zealand.
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At the end of 1985 the new Duple 320 and 340 were launched as replacements for the Laser and Caribbean ranges respectively. The remaining stock of Caribbean coaches entered service during 1986.
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At the end of 1985 the new Duple 320 and 340 were launched as replacements for the Laser and Caribbean ranges respectively. The remaining stock of Laser coaches entered service during 1986.
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Twenty-five of these bodies were the only Plaxton 321 bodies built, this being the Plaxton derivative of the Duple 320 body acquired when Duple closed. Volvo acknowledged that the Tiger and B10M were broadly similar, and whereas Leyland had sold 3,500 Tigers since the model's launch, Volvo had sold 20,000 B10Ms during the same period. The penultimate major buyer of the Tiger, Shearings, switched to the B10M for 1991, and Volvo decided to cease production and close the factory at Farington.
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The first Duple Metsec "W" bodywork built for Dennis Dragons/Condors was built in 1982, which was built on one Dennis Condor prototype with China Motor Bus (CMB), Hong Kong. But CMB finally chosen the complete MCW Metrobus to meet its demand of 3-axle buses. The "W" bodywork was modified and supplied to a number of Dennis Dragons for Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB), Hong Kong. After the MCW Metrobus ceased production in 1989, CMB began to receive Dennis Condors with Duple Metsec "W" bodywork.
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The Duple Metsec "W" bodywork was built for "full-front" double- deckers. Production of this bodywork was started by Metal Sections as early as the 1970s and it had been built on some exported Daimler/Leyland Fleetline and Leyland Atlantean for Hong Kong and Singapore, etc. In the late 1970s, the bodywork was modified with rubber mounted windows. After the formation of Duple Metsec, this bodywork redesigned and had been built on Leyland Atlantean, Dennis Jubilant, Leyland Victory Mark 2, Dennis Dominator and almost all the Dennis Dragons/Condors (3-axle) built.
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One was finished as a normal service bus while the other was finished as a prototype airport coach. Both had non-standard interior colour schemes for Citybus to consider for their future orders. Duple Metsec were quite proactive in working with Dennis Specialist Vehicles to develop a body for a short 10.6-metre version of the Dennis Trident, and they bodied the first two short Trident chassis. Along with the two original 12-metre prototypes, these buses were unique in being assembled by Duple Metsec themselves at their Birmingham premises.
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Most of Duple's output continued to be conventional bodies on third-party chassis, but overall sales volumes continued to decline leading to financial pressures. In November 1988, the coachbuilding business was sold and renamed Duple International. In July 1989 the Blackpool factory was closed down, and the manufacturing rights and jigs for Duple coach products sold to its main domestic competitor, Plaxton, for £4 million. The 425 design was modified by Plaxton and re-entered production in 1991 as the Plaxton 425, which was assembled by Plaxton's French subsidiary Carrosserie Lorraine.
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The Drummer's Bible, p.36. . divides each of two beats into two or This establishes a quarter note pulse in (quad)duple time: each measure is formed from (two groups of) two quarter note pulses, each pulse divided into two eighth notes. Simple triple drum pattern: divides each of three beats into two This establishes a quarter note pulse in triple time: each measure is formed from three quarter note pulses, each divided into two eighth notes. Compound [quadr]duple drum pattern: divides each of two beats into three .
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In 1983 the new Duple Laser and high-floor Caribbean were launched as replacements for the full-sized Dominant coach variants and the Goldliner respectively. The last handful of full-sized Dominant coaches were built for the 1984 season. Due to the small volume of sales it was not worth engineering the Laser for the smaller front-engined Bedford SB and VAS chassis, so Dominant coaches on these chassis continued to be built until 1985. The Dominant Bus remained in production until 1987 when it was replaced by the Duple 300.
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A Harrington body had a clear 'look' at a time when many coachbuilders, Duple especially, would oblige customers and produce an astounding variety of outlines from the conservative to the totally bizarre, sometimes building to order straight copies of another coachbuilders style.Townsin, Alan. Duple: 70 Years of Coachbuilding, Glossop, 1998 By the mid-1930s the Harrington 'look' included a half cab with no canopy over the engineBooth, Gavin. Classic Bus 42, Edinburgh, July 1999 and a stepped window line, all arranged in a distinctive flowing series of curves.Watson.
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The principal theorist of rhythmic genera was Aristides Quintilianus, who considered there to be three: equal (dactylic or anapestic), sesquialteran (paeonic), and duple (iambic and trochaic), though he also admitted that some authorities added a fourth genus, sesquitertian .
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The song is performed in the key of D minor with a tempo of 45 beats per minute in compound duple () time. The chords alternate between Gm and Dm. The Weeknd's vocals span two octaves, from D3 to D5.
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Preserved Stagecoach South 1991 Alexander Dash bodied Dennis Dart in April 2009 GHA Coaches 1993 Wright Handybus bodied Dennis Dart in Wrexham in March 2009 Joe's Travel 1994 Plaxton Pointer bodied Dennis Dart in Birmingham in September 2010 The Dennis Dart was conceived when Hestair Group (owner of Dennis and Duple) decided to produce a bus between a minibus and a full-sized single-decker.DT, DC: The Duple / Carlyle Darts Ian's Bus StopDennis Dart: the first Generation Ian's Bus Stop It was launched in 1988 and was originally offered with the Duple Dartline bodywork. It was 2.3m wide and was initially available in the length of 9.0m, but later available in lengths of 8.5m and 9.8m. It was powered by a Cummins 6BT engine and coupled to the Allison AT545 gearbox (the same engine and gearbox were also used in the MCW Metrorider, latterly the Optare MetroRider).
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Starting from 1993, KMB also acquired the unique 9.98-metre Dragons with Duple Metsec "W" bodywork. After Citybus took over 28 routes from China Motor Bus in 1993, they were looking to dual source their vehicles rather than solely rely on one supplier. Dennis Specialist Vehicles in partnership with Duple Metsec were the obvious if not only choice at that time as they were already supplying air-conditioned double deckers to the other two franchised operators. However Citybus had slightly different needs compared to the other two operators, and they also had no space or inclination to assemble their own vehicles.
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Duple probably didn't care, the Brittania was not where the jam lay. The Duple (Midland) Donington was really just a bus tricked out with more chrome. The Willowbrook Viscount (new for 1960) had puzzling trim lines stopping and starting in the middle of nowhere and an overly-bulky outline whilst the optional reverse-rake rear glass was a feature that was already dated at the time of its launch and today simply looks odd. Alexander sold coaches south of the border to North Western and Barton Transport and had a pair of fairly conservative (though aluminium-alloy framed) designs.
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The original Laser was introduced in 1983 as Duple's entry-level / mass-market coach and was available on various 11 and 12 metre long mid-engined Bedford, Leyland and Volvo chassis. The design featured gasket glazing which distinguished it from the contemporary high-floor Duple Caribbean and semi-integral Duple Calypso (both of which had bonded glazing). Quad headlamps and a small chrome grille were shared with the Caribbean, although the Calypso's twin headlamps and wider grille could be specified as an option. At the end of 1984 the Laser range was given a facelift and renamed the Laser 2.
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The argument could be made that by nature of its simultaneous triple and duple subdivisions, swing is fundamentally a form of polyrhythm. However, the use of true systematic cross-rhythm in jazz did not occur until the second half of the twentieth century.
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Tati-tati An equivalent of this rudimentary two- finger piano exercise was known in Russia in duple meter as "tati-tati" or the "Cutlet Polka". This version alternates the notes between the hands, rather than playing them at the same time in harmony.
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Time signatures indicating two beats per bar (whether in simple or compound meter) are called duple meter, while those with three beats to the bar are triple meter. Terms such as quadruple (4), quintuple (5), and so on, are also occasionally used.
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"Rumba Clave: An Illustrated Analysis", Rumba Clave, BlogSpot. 21 Jan. 2008. "One thing is certain: What you see in standard western notation as written-clave is a long way from what's actually played." Triple-pulse strokes can be substituted for duple-pulse strokes.
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Also, the clave strokes are sometimes displaced in such a way that they don't fall within either a triple- pulse or duple-pulse "grid".Spiro, Michael (2006: 38). The Conga Drummer's Guidebook. Petaluma, CA: Sher Music Co. Therefore, many variations are possible.
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The second is a transposition of the first theme, while the third is underlined by a heavily syncopated melody in the relative minor (B-flat minor). With a duple time signature and an Allegro tempo marking, the composition features many shifting moods and virtuosic passages.
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Whilst Ledgard's staff were offered employment with West Yorkshire, only 14 of over 100 Ledgard vehicles acquired by West Yorkshire entered service, ten AEC Regent Vs and two Daimler CVG6s, plus two Duple bodied Ford coaches. By 1970, even these vehicles had been sold.
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247Harington (1995 p. 63) identifies the duple-pulse form of "rumba clave" as a bell pattern used by the Yoruba and Ibo of Nigeria.Ignacio Berroa: "There are just two claves—son clave and rumba clave." Mastering the Art Afro-Cuban Drumming (1996: Warner Brothers VHS).
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They were bodied by Duple Metsec, and had received mid-life refurbishment. Most units received a two-year lifespan extension due to insufficient replacement buses, and were all retired by June 2012. 475 B10M Mark IVs were delivered between June 1995 and December 2000.
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There is a vibrant tradition of women singing factional songs related to this rivalry. Traditions common to both factions include the Omans, a sort of waltz, Marches and the duple rhythm manpa (or maynan) dance. Kwadril and lakonmèt are also performed by La Rose.
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DSV builds to meet demand Commercial Motor 20 July 1989 page 20 Dennis and Duple had developed the Dart, a midibus bought by London Transport as a one-man operated bus to replace their AEC Routemasters. At the end of 1989 Dart bodywork production moved from the closed Duple to Carlyle Works in Birmingham.Darts go to Carlyle Commercial Motor 26 October 1989 The Dart was followed by the Lance which used independent front suspension to allow a low floor halfway down the vehicle.Lance creates a stir Commercial Motor 7 March 1991 The next year Guildford factory moved to Slyfield Industrial Estate and into new premises allowing room to increase production.
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A Duple Viceroy was involved in the Dibbles Bridge coach crash in 1975, Britain's worst ever road accident. After the brakes on a 1967 Bedford VAM5 failed it ran out of control down a steep gradient and rolled over on the curve at the bottom, falling over the side of a bridge and landing on and crushing its roof. The coach had carried a full load of 45 passengers plus the driver, of whom only 13 passengers survived. The accident led to tougher structural standards for coach bodywork, although by that time Duple and other manufacturers had already switched from wooden frames to stronger all-metal bodies.
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New World First Bus Duple Metsec bodied Condor in August 2008 In 1982, China Motor Bus received two 12 metre non air-conditioned Dennis Condors for evaluation, one of them was fitted with Duple Metsec bodywork, and the other one with Alexander bodywork. Because of the opening of MTR's Island Line in the 1980s, CMB didn't buy many Dennis Condors. Between 1989 and 1997, CMB bought only 46 12m non air-conditioned Condors, 28 11 metre non air-conditioned Condors and 92 11 metre air-conditioned Condors. It is rumoured that CMB's last ten air- conditioned Condors were bought due to unpredictable delivery time of the Dennis Trident 3s ordered.
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Kowloon Motor Bus Duple Metsec bodied Dominator in August 2001 The Dominator was also sold to Hong Kong. China Motor Bus put the first Dominator (with East Lancs body) into service in 1979, being followed by six with Alexander RL-type body in 1982, primarily for its route 15 (Central-The Peak). Kowloon Motor Bus bought 40 Duple Metsec bodied Dominators between 1983 and 1984.Kowloon buys British Commercial Motor 30 October 1982"Hong Kong Buses Part 3: Kowloon Motor Bus" Fleetline issue 249 July 1997 page 118 One Dominator with East Lancs body and DAF engine was exported as demonstrator for Singapore Bus Service in 1982.
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Comparing the two the Seagull 70s detailing was crude and over-emphasised whereas that of the Cavallier was sharply delineated, making the whole coach look lean and sculpted by comparison with the Burlingham style. Some would say that they summed up the difference between Blackpool and Hove. During that season Duple purchased Burlingham and renamed it Duple (Northern). The Yeates Europa (from 1958, on first facelift for 1960) combined a similarly dumpy volume to the Willowbrook, made in the same town, with deliberately tasteless detailing and riotous paint schemes in a way that operators and passengers either loved or loathed, but it was easily the brashest option.
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It combines duple and triple meter. The piano enters with descending phrases crossing the rhythm. The speed of the piece gradually increases from start to finish. The main theme then develops initially without left accompaniment and then with a characteristic figure based around the use of tenths.
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Melody and first verse of "Drunken Sailor", culled from R. R. Terry's The Shanty Book, Part One (1921). The air of the song, in the Dorian mode and in duple march rhythm, has been compared to the style of a bagpipe melody.Sharp, Cecil. 1914. English Folk- Chanteys.
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Shown with tied sixteenth & eighth note rather than rest. (Cuban term) is the most basic single-celled figure in duple-pulse structure. The five-stroke "cinquillo" (Cuban term) is a common single-celled variant (two additional strokes). In some rhythms the bell just plays repeating cycles of offbeats.
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Duple-pulse () African bell patterns (, , , , ) Pattern 1 ( standard pattern) is played on the head of a small Yoruba bata drum in Benin."Ogogo" Yoruba Drums from Benin, West Africa. Smithsonain CD 04294 (1980). Pattern 2 is used by the Yoruba and Igbo people of Nigeria.Hartigan, Royal (1995: 63).
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23, No. 1. pp. 3-13. The hajhuj has strong historical and musical links to West African lutes like the Hausa halam, a direct ancestor of the banjo. The rhythms of the Gnawa, like their instruments, are distinctive. Gnawa is particularly characterized by interplay between triple and duple meters.
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In the early 1980s the British coach market underwent considerable change, putting pressure on the established British coachbuilding firms which had previously dominated the market. In the 1970s the great majority of coaches sold in the UK had comprised a British-built chassis with separately assembled bodywork by one of the two dominant domestic coachbuilders, Duple and Plaxton. The highest sales volumes were achieved by lightweight chassis such as the Bedford Y series and Ford R series, and even imported chassis such as the Volvo B58 usually carried Duple or Plaxton coachwork. However, the 1980s saw a move away from lightweights towards heavier and more sophisticated designs, increasingly supplied by foreign chassis and bodywork manufacturers.
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Citybus's Dragon assembled Duple Metsec body but adopted Alexander R-Type front design Citybus started to order air- conditioned Dennis Dragon in 1993. The Duple Metsec bodywork for Citybus's Dragons, which were assembled by Salvador Caetano in Portugal, were different from those supplied to KMB/CMB in that the frontal design resembled with those used on Alexander R-type body and a wider front door was used. Between 1994 and 1998, Citybus introduced 80 12m Dennis Dragons and 40 10.3m Dennis Dragons."Hong Kong Buses Part 2: Citybus Limited" Fleetline issue 248 May 1997 page 94 In 2000, Citybus rebuilt a 10.3 m Dragon (fleet number 701) as the world's first 3-axle double-decker air-conditioned trolleybus.
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In the early 1980s the British coach market underwent considerable change, putting pressure on the established British coachbuilding firms which had previously dominated the market. In the 1970s the great majority of coaches sold in the UK had comprised a British-built chassis with separately assembled bodywork by one of the two dominant domestic coachbuilders, Duple and Plaxton. The highest sales volumes were achieved by lightweight chassis such as the Bedford Y series and Ford R series, and even imported chassis such as the Volvo B58 usually carried Duple or Plaxton coachwork. However, the 1980s saw a move away from lightweights towards heavier and more sophisticated designs, increasingly supplied by foreign chassis and bodywork manufacturers.
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Redway, CA: Bembe Books. . p. xxii. In contrast, in the rural style columbia, triple pulse is the primary structure and duple pulse is secondary. This can be explained due to the "binarization" of African-based ternary rhythms. Both the claves and the quinto (lead drum) are responsible for establishing the rhythm.
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The metre of a rondò is almost always duple, and usually both sections are cast in the rhythms of a gavotte. The keys of A major and F major (the tonalities of Mozart’s rondòs for Sesto and Vitellia in La clemenza di Tito), appear to have been favoured for this form .
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Despite its name, the piece is not a waltz in triple meter, as it has a time signature in duple meter. The composer is unknown. A parody of musicology writing by Eric Baumann attributes the piece to Ferdinand Loh, but this is obviously a joke ("F. Loh" = Floh, flea in German).
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Some bell patterns are single-celled and therefore, not key patterns.Peñalosa (2009: 55). A single-celled pattern cycles over two main beats, while a two- celled key pattern cycles over four main beats. The most basic single-celled pattern in duple-pulse structure consists of three strokes, known in Cuban music as tresillo.
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The Way Children Learn Music: An Introduction and Practical Guide to Music Learning Theory. Chicago: GIA Publications, 2000. p.186 Most of the rhythmic patterns used in October are manageable for high school students. For the most part, the piece uses simple divisions of duple rhythms, ranging from whole notes to eighth notes.
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Paranda is both a Garifuna rhythm and music with Arawak and African elements which utilizes rhythmic ostinatos in duple meter. Similar to punta, the paranda is a slower rhythm than punta and reflects Spanish influences. Traditionally, the guitar is played in paranda and not in punta. and its melodies are soulful lamentations.
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A Duple Metsec-bodied Trident belonging to Cityflyer fleet Route map of Cityflyer airport services Cityflyer is an airport coach service to Hong Kong International Airport and Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge provided by Citybus (Hong Kong). The service was started during the opening of the Hong Kong International Airport in 1998.
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The most important new independent customer was Yelloway (a conquest from the Duple group) taking six Reliances. In terms of chassis on which to build Harringtons fortune had definitely swung in the direction of Farington, with 86 Leopards and a Tiger Cub being bodied in contrast with only 26 Reliances, the Albion Aberdonian had been discontinued the previous year, so it would from now on be a straight fight between Lancashire and Middlesex. Duple's 1961 season total for the Brittania on its final facelift was 77, all but five on Reliance. The Donington had got bigger windows and Brittania-like trim but between them the expanded Duple group were building not only the Brittania and the Donington but also the Viscount and the Seagull 70, the differences were not just skin-deep either, all the Duple bodies had steel- reinforced hardwood frames, also Plaxton's structural method, The Loughborough-built Donington and Viscount both used frame-sections made from rolled steel tubes, whilst Burlingham's bodies (like those of Harrington and Yeates) were of jig-built aluminium. Plaxton had refined the Panorama with subtler detailing and inward sloping pillars above the waistrail for the 1961 season.
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Vitali’s first collection of ‘da chiesa’ sonatas, Sonate a due violini col suo Basso continuo per l'organo, Opus 2 (1667), consists of twelve short, three or four-movement works. Vitali uses a few basic movement types: the fast fugal movement in duple metre; the fast contrapuntal movement in triple metre with use of dance rhythms; and the slow homophonic movement in duple metre. Like the sonatas of his teacher Cazzati, Vitali’s Opus 2 sonatas use the model of the monothematic canzona but with some freedom and a greater inclination towards contrapuntal devices such as countersubjects, antiphonal effects and stretto. In these sonatas the texture consists predominantly of two melodic lines, either homophonic or contrapuntal, over a supporting basso continuo line.
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The clear number one in coach bodies by 1959 was Duple at Hendon, who by 1954 also had a bus factory in the East Midlands at Kegworth and in 1958 purchased the bus builder Willowbrook in nearby Loughborough. Duple was strong in the lightweight end of the market, being first choice for bodies on the market-leading Bedford but was facing competition in the premium underfloor engined class from Plaxton and HV Burlingham of Blackpool. Like Harringtons, these were primarily builders of coach bodies who also did buses, Burlingham built double as well as single deck vehicles and had a respected if small list of customers for these. Weymann, Roe and Alexander were on the other hand bus builders who also did coaches.
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There were three Aberdonians not bodied as buses. WGA904 was a mobile electrical-products showroom built on chassis 82025E in 1958/9 by John Limond Coachbuilders of Ayr. It featured Duple 'butterfly-front' coach components to the specification of the South of Scotland Electricity Board. It was said to return 20.6 miles per gallon.
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Although its duple-pulse structure is identical to common time in European-based meter, the pattern of attack-points of the hambone rhythm possess a true African polyrhythmic character, or more precisely, a cross- rhythmic character.Peñalosa, David (2009: 41). The Clave Matrix; Afro-Cuban Rhythm: Its Principles and African Origins. Redway, CA: Bembe Inc. .
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Although the triplet divides the main beats by three pulses (triple-pulse) and tresillo divides them by four pulses (duple-pulse), the two figures share the same pulse names: one, one-ah, two- and.Peñalosa (2010: 43). The Clave Matrix. The common figure known as the _habanera_ consists of tresillo with the second main beat.
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The New Harvard Dictionary of Music calls swing "an intangible rhythmic momentum in jazz," adding that "swing defies analysis; claims to its presence may inspire arguments." The only specific description offered is the statement that "triplet subdivisions contrast with duple subdivisions."The New Harvard Dictionary of Music (1986: 818). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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The distinctive singing style used in this scale is called lidyzowanie. The lead violin (prym) are accompanied by several second violins (sekund) and a three-stringed cello (basy). Duple-time dances like the krzesany, zbójnicki (the Brigand's Dance) and ozwodna are popular. The ozwodna has a five-bar melodic structure which is quite unusual.
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The first movement lasts about 6 minutes. It is a lyrical development of an arching two-bar melodic phrase and its descending tail, without any contracting episodes. Instead the material is worked in melodic sequences to several high points. It leads directly to the scherzo resembling with its duple metre a heavy-footed gigue.
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In 1963 John Coltrane recorded "Afro Blue" with the great jazz drummer Elvin Jones. Jones inverted the metric hierarchy of Santamaria's composition, performing it instead as duple cross- beats over a "jazz waltz" (2:3). This 2:3 in a swung is perhaps the most common example of overt cross-rhythm in jazz. Two-over-three (2:3).
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In April 1988 the X31 was cut to only four or five peak journeys; the X41 was also reduced and routes X21 and X30 withdrawn altogether. The Heathrow section was withdrawn, with coaches terminating at Green Park. Many of the hired coaches were soon returned, including the Cardiff Olympians. Two Duple 320 bodied DAFs in build were cancelled.
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Though generally characterized by a gently plodding, dreamy duple rhythm, many examples are in triple meter, including the popular Op. 72 No. 2 by Dvořák. Dvořák's last and best-known piano trio, No. 4 in E minor, Op. 90, has six movements, each of which is a Dumka; the piece is sometimes called the Dumky-Trio.
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"A Pastoral Song" was composed by Son Seok-u ( Interview p. 35 PDF available) and later became known in the 1970s by Hong Min (). This song may belong to the genre contemporary folk music. Other relative hits had less of a conventional Trot sound and more of a classic pop sound, despite being in duple metre like most Trot.
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Fair Phyllis (also Fair Phyllis I saw, Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all alone) is an English madrigal by John Farmer. The music is polyphonic and was published in 1599. The madrigal contains four voices and uses occasional imitation. It also alternates between triple and duple beat subdivisions of the beat in different parts of the work.
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The saltarello gave birth to the quadernaria in Germany, which was then fused into the saltarello tedesco (German saltarello) in Italy. This "German saltarello", in contrast to the Italian variety, was in duple time and began on the downbeat, and was also known by the name quaternaria.Curt Sachs (1937). World History of the Dance, translated by Bessie Schönberg.
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The chorus, sung by David Gilmour, starts out on two measures of 4/4 before going into 6/8 (or "compound duple meter") for most of the chorus, in a narrative response to the first set of lyrics. There is also one measure of 9/8. Then a guitar solo follows over a chord progression in 4/4 time.
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Some of the rhythms associated with it are currulao, bambuco and andarele. In the Chota Valley, bomba music is the predominant style. The bomba style originates from its namesake instrument, a bomba drum. The drum is played in both single and compound duple meter and is typically accompanied by an ensemble of three guitars, a shaker, and vocals.
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Simple [quadr]duple drum pattern, against which duration is measured in much popular music: divides two beats into two . Various durations In music, duration is an amount of time or how long or short a note, phrase, section, or composition lasts. "Duration is the length of time a pitch, or tone, is sounded."Benward & Saker (2003).
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In 1982, a tri-axle version was developed for the Hong Kong market, known as the Dennis Dragon which was sold to Kowloon Motor Bus. The same model was sold to China Motor Bus, but was known as the Condor. They were usually bodied by Duple Metsec. Some were purchased by Stagecoach for its Kenyan and Malawi operations.
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Designs for Iveco and Mercedes Benz 700 and 800 series vehicles followed.Carlyle's Concept breaks its cover Commercial Motor 27 October 1988Carlyle midis Commercial Motor 17 August 1989 In 1989, the body designs for the Duple Dartline were acquired from Trinity Holdings. This body was adapted for the Dennis Dart and was available in 8.5m, 9.0m and 9.8m lengths.
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In 1989, the first Duple Metsec "W" bodywork for air-conditioned Dennis Dragons/Condors was built on a prototype air- conditioned Dennis Dragon for KMB. The body pillars had been re-located and the air ducts for the air-conditioning system were fitted on the ceilings of both saloons, near the side windows. Subsequent non-air-conditioned "W" bodywork built also had similar body design and were supplied to CMB (one batch in the early 1990s), KMB and two batches for Africa. CMB was the first to buy air-conditioned Dennis Condors with Duple Metsec "W" bodywork due to competition from Citybus and they specified gasket glazing with openings on side windows (the gasket glazing on the prototype air-conditioned Dennis Dragon for KMB had no openings on both sides).
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Yelloway's 36 footers had an option peculiar to the operator of additional destination displays over the second and fourth nearside windows. For express work there was also an optional destination box in the roof dome, as well as Yelloway Motor Services, Grey Green were among the operators who specified this. Fifty-seven Cavaliers sold new was exactly half the 1961 performance but the coach market was in a downturn, in comparison Duple sold only nineteen Britannias on short Reliances and four on short Leopard, two of the AECs and one Leopard had old-fashioned central entrances. Blackpool built no further Seagull 70s but built 27 of its 36 ft Duple (Northern) Continental on Reliances, 12 on Leopard (including six for Ribble) and one Leyland Royal Tiger Worldmaster (a cancelled export order) for Happiways of Manchester.
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Reich, Steve (2002). Writings on Music, 1965-2000, p.73. . Six Pianos is also notable by being one of Reich's only pieces in duple time. The London Sinfonietta performing Six Marimbas in 2005Six Pianos has three sections, separated by relatively sudden changes of tonal center, though they all use the same seven pitch classes of the D major diatonic scale.
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Early Jazz - Its Roots and Musical Development, Oxford University Press, p. 15 , . However, the figure known as the hambone is one of the most basic duple-pulse rhythmic cells in sub-Saharan African music traditions. The "hambone rhythm" is found in the oldest known traditional music of the Ewe of Ghana, Togo, and Dahomey, to name just one ethnic group.
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Bak Cheol-hee (revised 1995): "Siga" in: Encyclopedia of korean Culture (in Korean). (박철희: "시가", 한국민족문화대백과사전). Some suggest that Trot could have been influenced by Korean folk music, which does have some resemblance to Trot's vocal inflections, even if Korean traditional music's rhythmic structure differs from Trot's fixed duple metre. It was true that a genre of 'Sin-minyo' (i.e.
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18; issue 61567 Hestair Duple 425 was displayed in October 1984 and in production a year later powered by Cummins engines.Coaching confidence Commercial Motor 27 October 1984Wraps Come Off New Models Commercial Motor 7 September 1985 page 35 On 10 December 1985 Hestair Dennis Limited was renamed Dennis Specialist Vehicles Limited and again on 3 February 1986 to Hestair Specialist Vehicles Limited.
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Folk dancers in traditional costumes from Kraków (regarded as Polish national costumes). Krakowiak rhythm on score. The Krakowiak or Cracovienne is a fast, syncopated Polish folk dance in duple time from the region of Kraków and Lesser Poland. The folk outfit worn for the dance has become the national costume of Poland, most notably, the rogatywka peaked hat with peacock feathers.
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A cibell, alternatively spelled cebell, is a gavotte-like musical piece in duple metre, predominantly heard in Baroque music. It is named after the chorus praising the goddess Cybele in Jean Baptiste Lully's Atys. Later cibells have been written either for voiceThurston Dart: The Cibell, 1952, Societé Belge de Musicologie, p. 1 or a variety of instruments, such as the trumpet or harpsichord.
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In Cuba, the rumba is performed with multiple percussion instruments, playing in duple meter. The flamenco version of it uses palmas, guitar, and golpes (slapping the guitar). In addition, rumba flamenca has a particular guitar strumming pattern absent in other flamenco styles. The rhythm is a modified tresillo rhythm with eight beats grouped into a repeating pattern of 3+3+2.
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This is followed by a syncopated motif characterized by descending fourths (m. 143), leading to the repeat. The trio section features three horns, the first time this had appeared in the symphonic tradition. The scherzo is then repeated in shortened form, except that very notably the second occurrence of the downward unison motif is changed to duple time (mm. 381–384).
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For this publication the editor, William Henry Monk, changed the metre from triple to duple and used it for the tune of "Jerusalem the Golden". In his notes to the third edition of Mediaeval Hymns and Sequences in 1867 Neale remarked that Ewing's tune was "the earliest written, the best known, and with children the most popular" for use with "Jerusalem the Golden".
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Southern Poland features the culture of the Gorals, Polish highlanders and people ethnic to the mountainous regions. These dances were brought by Vlach settlers in the 17th century. Very similar versions can be found at the Gorals in Slovakia and in Czech Republic. The rhythm of their music is different for the otherwise duple or triple-metre of the lowlands.
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In 1966 Duple's standard 'Bella' family of coach bodies for full-sized front-engined chassis was sold under a variety of model names specific to the chassis: Bella Venture (Bedford VAM), Empress (Ford R192), Mariner (Ford R226) and Vega Major (Bedford VAL), all of which were built at Duple's original Hendon factory in North London. For heavyweight and other mid-engined chassis the larger- windowed Commander body was built at the Duple (Northern) factory in Blackpool, and the similar Viscount was also built in Blackpool as an alternative, premium body for the VAM and R192. Duple's coach designs were usually updated every two or three years, and for the 1967 season the range was due a major re-design. Duple had been losing sales to its main rival Plaxton, whose large-windowed Panorama model was making Duple's Bella range look dated.
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Rhythmically, the music is "characterized by a heavy, nonchalant, inelegant strut,"Nathan 247. and is in duple meter, which makes it suitable for both dancing and marching. "Dixie" employs a single rhythmic motive (two sixteenth note pickups followed by a longer note), which is integrated into long, melodic phrases. The melodic content consists primarily of arpeggiations of the tonic triad, firmly establishing the major tonality.
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However, it is more likely that the new company was resurrected from Grant's business. Both Tedd sons, Gordon and Phil, were involved in the running of the firm, and Phil went on eventually to buy and operate the nearby Amport & District coach firm. Although over the years Kingston operated vehicles of different makes, they favoured Fords with Duple bodywork. The fleet livery was red and sand.
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The contemporary Cuban practice is to write clave in a single measure of .Moore 2010 p. 65. Clave is written in this way in the following example in order to illustrate the underlying metric structure of four main beats, which is fundamental to the dynamism of the pattern.Peñalosa 2010 p.5 Son and rumba clave in simple meter (duple-pulse) and compound meter (triple- pulse) variants.
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In the following example the melodic contour of the first measure (first clave cycle) of quinto is tone-slap-tone, while the contour of the second measure is the reverse: slap-tone-slap. The pattern is shown in both triple-pulse and duple-pulse structures. Alternating tone- slap melody quinto lock phrase. Lock variations are created by doubling strokes (sounding the very next pulse), or eliminating strokes.
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This section features a melody in the style of a dumka or possibly based on a Ukrainian duple-time round dance or kolomyjka, from an opera by Chopin's compatriot Karol Kurpiński. According to Halina Goldberg, the dumka is a quotation from Kurpinski's Elegy on the Death of Tadeusz_Kościuszko, which commemorated the death of this Polish hero in 1817.Goldberg 2008, p. 89 The section lasts from mm.
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Syncopated cross-rhythms called the tresillo and the cinquillo, basic rhythmic cells in Afro-Latin and African music, began the Cuban dance's differentiation from its European form. Their unequally-grouped accents fall irregularly in a one or two bar pattern:The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. Oxford University Press, 2003. the rhythm superimposes duple and triple accents in cross-rhythm (3:2) or vertical hemiola.Peñalosa, David (2009: 41).
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In 1982, Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) purchased three 12 m non air- conditioned Dennis Dragons with Alexander bodywork for evaluation. KMB purchased 188 Duple Metsec bodied 12 metre Dennis Dragons. These had three doors (one for boarding and two for alighting). Between 1986 and 1994, KMB purchased the first of 370 11-metre non air-conditioned Dennis Dragons for the bus services of New Territories.
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The segunda is the bass drum. The drummer playing this instrument repeats a single duple-meter ostinato throughout the song. While the second drum plays steady, the first drum and the other instruments like the maracas and conch shell improvise solos similar to those in a jazz song. The punta ritual for a wake is sung in Garifuna, with a soloist and a chorus.
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Other instruments commonly heard in plena music are the cuatro, the maracas, and accordions. The plena rhythm is a simple duple pattern, although a lead pandereta player might add lively syncopations. Plena melodies tend to have an unpretentious, "folksy" simplicity. Some early plena verses commented on barrio anecdotes, such as "Cortarón Elena" (They stabbed Elena) or "Allí vienen las maquinas" (Here come the firetrucks).
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Sextuple metre (Am. meter) or sextuple time (chiefly British) is a musical metre characterized by six beats in a measure. Like the more common duple, triple, and quadruple metres, it may be simple, with each beat divided in half, or compound, with each beat divided into thirds. The most common time signatures for simple sextuple metre are and , and compound sextuple metre is most often written in or .
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The specification of these remained the same for subsequent batches until the then chief engineer in 1996 managed to specify gasket glazing without opening vents in them. The order for the following year went further and specified bonded glazing and 2+2 seating. KMB started to acquire air-conditioned Dennis Dragons with Duple Metsec "W" bodywork, after the first batch for CMB on Dennis Condor chassis. All had fixed bonded glazing.
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Vehicle types were decided by the operators themselves, so a wide range of types were used. The Leyland Leopard proved popular with some members of British Coachways, including Ellerman Bee Line, Barton Transport, Wallace Arnold and Grey-Green, although the latter specified Duple bodywork instead of Plaxton. Other operators contributed different types. Morris Bros of Swansea used Volvo B58 coaches on its routes from South Wales to London.
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Changes in bus demand and car ownership made the single-deckers the best choice on local bus routes. A Volvo B10M coach was ordered with Van Hool Alizee bodywork in 1982 and remained in the fleet right up until the end, some 25 years later. The B10M continued to feature in the fleet with various second hand examples being added, including a Berkhof Esprit, and a Duple Caribbean.
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As beats are combined to form measures, each beat is divided into parts. The nature of this combination and division is what determines meter. Music where two beats are combined is in duple meter, music where three beats are combined is in triple meter. Music where the beat is split in two are in simple meter, music where the beat is split in three are called compound meter.
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A preserved Plaxton-bodied VAL14 coach Duple Viceroy bodywork The Bedford VAL is a type of coach chassis that was built by Bedford in the United Kingdom from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s. It was unusual at the time for its multi-axle design, in a "chinese six" wheelplan, i.e. with two front steering axles. Originally it was fitted with the Leyland O.400 straight six diesel engine.
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The Beatles as Musicians: The Quarry Men Through Rubber Soul. pp. 287-88. The song "is just basically John doing Dylan", Paul McCartney confirmed. The song is similar to a folkish strophic form and uses a Dylanesque acoustic guitar figure in compound duple time, chiefly acoustic accompaniment, no backing voices and light percussion from brushed snare, tambourine and maraca. A flute, however, replaces the harmonica that Dylan typically used.
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The exposition then repeats before a short development section, where Beethoven explores other ideas. The recapitulation (repeating of the melodic themes heard in the opening of the movement) further develops the exposition's themes, also containing timpani solos. A new development section leads to the repeat of the recapitulation, and the scherzo concludes with a brief codetta. The contrasting trio section is in D major and in duple time.
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Rumba clave in duple-pulse and triple-pulse structures Rumba clave is the key pattern (guide pattern) used in guaguancó. There is some debate as to how the 4/4 rumba clave should be notated for guaguancó.Santos, John (1986: 32) "The Clave: Cornerstone of Cuban Music" Modern Drummer Magazine Sept. In actual practice, the third and fourth stroke often fall in rhythmic positions that do not fit neatly into music notation.
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In Singapore, Trans-Island Bus Services ordered 72 units, of which 52 were built by UMW-Dennis. Most were fitted with Duple Metsec bodywork, while the last 2 were fitted with Volgren bodywork. 59 units were allocated for public service and 13 units for charter under subsidiary company Bus-Plus Services. All public service buses were scrapped by July 2013, while the charter buses were scrapped by October 2018.
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Early examples of this by Duple, Plaxton and (particularly) Burlingham on the Bedford, Commer and Ford Thames 300E lightweight coaches from 1958 were apt to be 'over the top' echoing similar goldfish-bowl windscreens on large saloon cars by the US-owned carmakers such as the Vauxhall Cresta PA. Harrington did not slavishly adopt, it considered, the next design from Old Shoreham Road retained flat-glazed (optionally-opening) windscreens.
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Military contracts for aircraft and vehicles were given to the company with the advent of World War II. These included the supply of single- deck austerity bus bodies for Bedford OWB chassis. Duple Coachbuilders designed and built a few bus bodies after the war, but were up to capacity in building their Duple Vista coach body, so they sub-contracted their bus body building to Mulliner in 1947, built on the OWB successor, the OB chassis. Vauxhall dealers also ordered bodies direct to Mulliners and the body was built until 1950, of which many were exported, some to oil companies in the Middle East and South America. In the 1950s they secured large contracts for utilitarian bus bodies for the three armed services and government agencies (on the Bedford OB and later Bedford SB and Bedford SBG chassis) and also some for some municipal bus operators, such as Douglas, IOM who, in 1957, had bodies built on Guy Otter chassis, at least one surviving into preservation.
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They were officially model F4A, and 15 of them were ordered. Bodywork was built by Willowbrook, later acquired by Duple Coachbuilders, and the vehicles could seat 70 passengers. They were of a lightweight design, weighing just 7.25 tons, and No. 851, the first to enter service, did so before the legislation had been changed to allow a bus of this length with only two axles. It therefore required special dispensation from the Ministry of Transport.
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Such a division of time may be encountered more frequently in the Baroque period: for example, variation 26 of the Goldberg Variations by Johann Sebastian Bach has in one hand against in the other, exchanging hands at intervals until the last five bars where both hands are in .Bach 1968, 98–99. Using for both hands would result in continuous sextuplets. Sextuple metre should not be confused with the similarly notated compound duple metre.
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On vehicles installed for the wireless role, a tent could be erected at the rear. Between cab and man body were lockers for aerial masts and other equipment. Beneath the body were further lockers and racks for cable drums, batteries, tyre chains, 20 gallon drinking water tank, rectifier box, tools, fuel tank for the auxiliary engine, jerrycans and other items. The basic body shells were produced by Duple, Lagonda, Mulliner, Tickford and others.
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Piero di Cosimo's painting A Satyr Mourning Over a Nymph or The Death of Procris stirred Ursula Vaughan Williams to write her poem "Procris." In ancient mythology, Procris, suspecting her husband Cephalus of having a secret lover, sneaks up on him while he hunts in the woods. Startled by noises behind him, he turns and shoots Procris with his bow. The song is written in a duple meter () and contains many shifts in tonality.
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As with the Ballades No. 3 and No. 4, the Ballade No. 2 is written in compound duple () time. It opens quietly on the dominant of the F major key, with repeated Cs in both the left and right hands. This quickly progresses to a melody and development with the performance instruction sotto voce – literally "under the voice", or "quietly". This section fades out with several repeated As in the right hand.
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These were single deckers with twin-steering front axles. The Gnu had a front-mounted vertical engine and either front or central doors. The TEP1 sold three, two to Scottish operator Walter Alexander who built 41-seat front entrance bus and coach bodies, the first one a 1937 Earls' Court show exhibit. The other one went to City Coach Company of Brentwood Essex, who fitted a centre-door 43-seat Duple body.
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Harris Mann was born in London in 1938, and attended engineering school in Westminster. Mann's automotive design career started, first with the bus and coach building firm Duple, followed by a short time working in the U.S. with Loewy Consultancy. After a short spell of National Service back in the UK, Mann worked, first for Commer, then for Ford. Cars on which Mann was involved at Ford included the first Escort and the Capri.
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The classical trio huasteco brings together a violin, a huapanguera and a jarana huasteca. The classical huapango is characterized by a complex rhythmic structure mixing duple and triple metres which reflect the intricate steps of the dance. When the players sing (in a duet, in a falsetto tone), the violin stops, and the zapateado (the rhythm provided by heels hitting the floor) softens. The huapango is danced by men and women as couples.
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The Tropak shares many musical and choreographic characteristics with the Hopak. Both developed as Cossack social dances, performed at celebratory occasions. Traditional Tropak choreography did not survive except a simple walk with a syncopated stamp, often done to a quick duple meter rhythm. On So You Think You Can Dance (Season 4), Joshua Allen and Stephen "Twitch" Boss performed a Trepak routine, interpreted as a dance duel, in Week 9 (August 6, 2008).
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59 White also observes the music's complex metrical character, with combinations of duple and triple time in which a strong irregular beat is emphasised by powerful percussion.White 1961, p. 61 The music critic Alex Ross has described the irregular process whereby Stravinsky adapted and absorbed traditional Russian folk material into the score. He "proceeded to pulverize them into motivic bits, pile them up in layers, and reassemble them in cubistic collages and montages".
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Bagley was surprised when the band informed him minutes before the next concert that they would perform it. It became the most famous of all of Bagley's marches. Despite this the composition did not make Bagley wealthy; he sold the copyright for $25. In the first strain, Bagley incorporated the first twelve notes of "The Star-Spangled Banner" played by euphonium, bassoon, alto clarinet, tenor saxophone, and trombone, disguised in duple rather than triple time.
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All About Drums, p.104. Hal Leonard. . Despite the difference in notation, there is no difference in interonset intervals and this pattern is nearly identical to the first simple duple pattern except for the second onbeat being divided into two eighth notes and the second backbeat being delayed an eighth note. The heavy metal gallop, named for a horse's canter, is based on a bass drum pattern of one eighth followed by two sixteenths.
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Magic Bus Duple Metsec bodied Dragon in Manchester in March 2008 In 1992, Stagecoach introduced ten Dennis Dragons in Malawi. The company also introduced twenty Dennis Dragons in Kenya between 1995 and 1996. Later, all the Dennis Dragons in Kenya were shipped back to England and allocated to Stagecoach Manchester's Magic Bus fleet. They re-entered service between 1998 and 2000 where they would stay in service with the company until 2010.
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Preserved 1949 Royal Blue Coach Services Duple Vista bodied OB The Bedford OB was designed as a successor to the Bedford WTB. It had a wheelbase of , and was a semi-forward control model, designed to carry 26 to 29-passenger bodywork. It was fitted with a 27.34 horsepower petrol engine, and had a four-speed manual gearbox and fully floating rear axle. The brakes were of the vacuum servo-assisted hydraulic type.
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For the sua, dancers stand in place: men, with their feet apart; women with their feet together. The basic movement involves lifting the hands from the side, clasping them together in front of the waist, and releasing them to the sides; the dance also requires the alternate bending and straightening of the knees. Sua normally consist of four-verse stanzas, whose texts allude to the occasion. The music consists of a single phrase in duple meter, repeated many times.
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Although this practice undermined Amu's theory of a constant basic pulse in African music, and generated debate, Nketia pointed out that the constant use of triplets in a duple time signature was misleading. Many scholars nowadays have found his theory useful in transcribing African music. He composed for both Western and African instruments, and wrote more than 200 publications, including his world- acclaimed The Music of Africa, which was translated into German, Italian, Chinese, and Japanese.
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Minibuses and short wheelbase midibuses have not been used in large numbers by Lothian, although some midibuses had previously been used on less busy routes. Ten Seddon Pennine IV-236 were acquired in 1973. These were replaced by 18 Leyland Cubs with Duple Dominant bodies in 1981, which in turn gave way to 12 9m Dennis Darts with Alexander Dash bodies in 1992. When the Darts were delivered they were the only non- Leyland vehicles in the fleet.
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Movement 1, “Joyeux,” is a frolicsome piece in ternary form that juxtaposes duple and triple meters between strings and woodwinds. Played separately, the soaring melodies of the flute and the English horn are typical of the romantic period but are contrasted with the aggressive double bass line. However, as is typical of Milhaud’s polyphony, the voices sound fairly cacophonic when played simultaneously. The movement frantically climaxes and suddenly ends, following a quick run in the woodwinds.
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Movement 3, again subtitled “Joyeux,” is a mixed-meter movement, defined by the constant repetition (ostinato) of the flute’s simple four measure phrase. The woodwinds’ playfully articulated polytonal melodies are supported by rhythmically-driven string parts, both based on duple subdivisions. Woodwind melodies are individually pleasant-sounding, but they do not match up harmonically. Throughout the movement, the melody alternates between instruments, most notably in the violin’s birdcall phrases, which define the contours of the movement.
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In both cases, "walking" refers both to the steady duple rhythm (one step after the other) and to the strong directional motion created; in the examples above, from C to F and back in the second, and from root to seventh and back in the first. In bebop jazz, the walking bass has a stabilising effect, offsetting and providing a foil to the complexity of the improvised melodic lines, for example in Sonny Rollins’ “Blue Seven”.
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Following the decision to convert to single deck operation, Maidstone Borough standardised on the Bedford Y series chassis, with mostly Duple bodies. With the advent of Boro'line, with the exception of London contracts, there was no vehicle standard for Boro'line, although double deckers returned to Maidstone under the company. Boro’line purchases for Maidstone were the Scania K92, DAF SB220s, Leyland Lynx, Dodge and MCW Metrorider minibuses. Three second hand Bristol LHs were acquired from East Kent's Ashford operations.
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In the repeat of the theme, the orchestral texture is varied slightly, with much more usage of pizzicato in the strings. At the end of the first section, the violin part imitates the opening melody of the horn section. A significant cadence is reached on the tonic G, and the second section begins, this time in the major mode. The overall mood of the piece changes here, as the meter changes to duple and the tempo increases.
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Piano-vocal score (Hollywood, CA: Music Productions, 1959). Although Miss Toni Fisher does use the triplet in her performance on the record, she takes liberties with it and often uses some form of duple rhythm. She also deviates here and there from the notes as written, but well within the usual range employed by singers for expressive purposes. The main harmonic idea uses the tonic chord alternating with the Neapolitan chord (the flattened supertonic major chord).
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While it is a relatively small market it is stable. Motor mowers were added in 1922. Duple body White and Poppe in Coventry had always supplied engines for Dennis Brothers motor vehicles. A takeover had been under consideration before the war but it was not until April 1919 that it was made public Dennis Brothers and White and Poppe had agreed to an exchange of shares in each other's business.City News in Brief The Times 9 April 1919; pg.
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Three hymn tunes appear in well-known and well- used books. 'St Botolph' is very widely sung to the words "Jesu the Very Thought of Thee" (or "To Mary, Mother of our God") 'Bilsdale' was sung by generations of children to the words "I love God's tiny creatures" whilst 'Fountains Abbey' with an 8.4.8.4.10.10. metre alternates between triple and duple time. One of his pupils was Dennis Townhill, later organist of St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral, Edinburgh.
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Duple Vista bodied Bedford SB The coach business was established by Herbert Roderick Richmond in 1920History Epsom CoachesKing, Nicholas, London Bus Handbook Part 2: Independents (Capital Transport, 1990). and operates a fleet of mostly Setra coaches. In 1986 Epsom Coaches entered the bus market after deregulation. In 2003, Epsom Coaches rebranded its bus division as Quality Line and repainted its vehicles from their traditional cream and brown into allover red to comply with Transport for London requirements.
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He explained his practice in an 1837 article: accenting weak beats at the expense of the strong, alternating triple and duple groups of notes and using unexpected rhythmic themes independent of the main melody.Holoman (1989), p. 169; and Rushton (1983) pp. 127–128 Macdonald writes that Berlioz was a natural melodist, but that his rhythmic sense led him away from regular phrase lengths; he "spoke naturally in a kind of flexible musical prose, with surprise and contour important elements".
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The earliest historical mention of the passepied was by Noël du Fail in 1548, who said it was common at Breton courts. François Rabelais and Thoinot Arbeau, writing later in the 16th century, identify the dance as a type of branle characteristic of Brittany. At this time it was a fast duple-time dance with three-bar phrases, therefore of the branle simple type . Like many folk-dances it was popular at the court of Louis XIV .
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It is in fact, according to the Norton Anthology of Western Music, a "majesty suitable to the king of France, whose entrance into the theater the overture usually accompanied when he was in attendance".Norton Anthology of Western Music, p. 520. At points it is playful and bouncy, while always remaining ceremonious. The first section of the overture is in duple meter and comparatively sounds slower than the second section, when the meter changes into compound.
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This system recognized the double- long, long, breve, and semi-breve as the units of note value, related to one another by triple grouping; the double was always worth two longs, but a long could be perfect (and therefore worth three breves) or imperfect (and worth only two), depending on the exact sequence of notes. The breve was the "tempus", equivalent to the ‘unit of the beat’ in modern notation (three quarters to a measure in ¾ time, etc.), or a modern measure if we consider all of the music to have been in 3/1, so perfect tempus was triple meter, and imperfect tempus would be duple once introduced. A breve could theoretically be worth either three semi-breves or two in Franconian notation, but if worth two, one or the other would be doubled in length. There was no provision in this notation for equal duple division, which (along with imperfect tempus, therefore) would have to wait until de Vitry codified the concept of prolation in his Ars nova of 1322.
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Although Barton gained a reputation for having a varied fleet of vehicles during the 1950s and 1960s, from 1946-9 the vast majority of new chassis were from Leyland, and virtually all coachwork was from Duple. The Duple A type coach was chosen for PS1 Single deckers, some featuring a more compact front-design allowing up to 39 seats in the then maximum overall length of 27 ft 6in. The 40 postwar double deckers on PD1 or PD1A had an updated version of the forward entrance lowbridge body with more brightwork and power-operation for the entry door. Barton was a prolific rebuilder of buses -- between 1950 and 1955, fifty-eight BTS1 "Viewmaster" single-deck coaches were rebuilt from Leyland Titan, Tiger, and Lion chassis; between 1959 and 1961, seven BTD2 full-fronted double-deckers were created from the chassis of a Leyland Tiger and six Titans; and between 1969 and 1971, eleven AEC Reliance chassis were rebuilt as Barton BTS2 and fitted with new Plaxton Panorama Elite bodywork.
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New Daimler Flat Engine Chassis Commercial Motor 4 May 1951 The first two were demonstrators. The first was a D650HS sent to HV Burlingham for bodying to the Seagull coach style, in March 1951. The second was bodied by Duple Coachbuilders in Hendon. It was exhibited on the Daimler stand at the 1951 Scottish Motor Show at the Kelvin Hall in Glasgow, in the livery of Edinburgh Corporation, whose general manager was eager to trial standee single deckers on busier routes.
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Complicating matters was that, in August 1879, after P. Jurgenson had already started engraving the printing plates for the suite, Tchaikovsky realized all the movements were in duple meter—in other words, two beats per measure. He quickly penned a Divertimento in triple meter, which he called a minuet but is actually a waltz, to break up this potential metric monotony. Tchaikovsky suggested replacing the March with the Divertimento. Jurgenson liked the March and suggested letting the suite expand to six movements.
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In this case, the meter is sometimes characterized as "triple septuple time". It is also possible for a time signature to be used for an irregular, or "additive" metrical pattern, such as groupings of eighth notes. Septuple meter can also be notated by using regularly alternating bars of triple and duple or quadruple meters, for example + , or + + , or through the use of compound meters, in which two or three numerals take the place of the expected numerator 7, for example, , or .
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Dennis held 40 per cent of the British fire engine market, the Dart mid-sized bus was Britain's biggest seller.All aboard for Trinity stock market listing The Times 1 September 1992; pg. 16 In 1993, Trinity entered a joint venture with UMW in Malaysia to build buses in Malaysia from Guildford built chassis kits and Duple Metsec body kits.UK firms win £1bn of Malaysian deals.The Times 23 September 1993; pg. 25; issue 64756 Trinity withdrew from the venture in 1998.
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R.A. 8491 specifies that "Lupang Hinirang" when performed "shall be in accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of Julián Felipe." However, when literally followed, this means that the national anthem should only be performed by a pianist or by a brass band, as these were the only versions that were produced by Julián Felipe. Moreover, the original version was composed in duple time (i.e., in a time signature of 2/4) as compared to the present quadruple time (4/4).
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The opening movement, "" (You true God and Son of David), is "a sinewy and somewhat enigmatic quintet" for soprano and alto voices (assuming the role of the blind man addressing Jesus) with low active oboes and continuo. The movement is in adapted ternary form with an opening and closing "Italianate" ritornello. The soprano line includes a "drooping" motive, hinting at later harmonic and emotional development. There is a "thorny, even awkward juxtaposition of triple and duple meters" throughout the duet.
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Its exaggerated staccato and duple meter resemble the scherzos of the Flute Quintet and the Sixth Symphony, respectively, while the pizzicato A-minor chords at the opening and close recall the scherzo movements of the string quartets by Debussy and Ravel . The finale is in sonata-allegro form like the opening movement, but with an expressionist tone. The first theme is dramatic, marked by contrasting textures, sharp dissonances, crescendos starting forte, irregular downbeats, and abrupt rests. The second theme is a grotesque march.
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The loure, also known as the gigue lourée or gigue lente (slow gigue), is a French Baroque dance, probably originating in Normandy and named after the sound of the instrument of the same name (a type of musette). It is of slow or moderate tempo, sometimes in simple triple meter but more often in compound duple meter. The weight is on the first beat, a characteristic emphasised by the preceding anacrusis, which begins the traditional loure. Another feature is the lilting dotted rhythm.
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Contemporary Chacarera music is distinguished by its unique hemiola syncopation. Melody lines tend to begin in duple meter (), and conclude in triple meter (). Accompaniment parts – including those on guitar, piano, bandoneón and drum – employ a constant compound meter of and , with accents on the second dotted quarter and the third quarter note, respectively (Abalos 1952). The downbeat is generally elided until cadences, a characteristic that is particularly salient in the case of the “Chacarera Trunca” style, which cadences on the third beat.
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"Heaven" is a mid-tempo pop song that runs for three minutes and eleven seconds. Its instrumentation consists of a "syncopated synth beat", "layers of 'ooh' vocals in the background" sung by Uzoechi Emenike and Tayla Parx, and a chord progression of Gm–D/F♯–Dm–C/E-Cm/E♭-B♭-D/F♯. Written in the key of G minor, it has a tempo of 66 beats per minute with a slowly feeling in compound duple () time.
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A divisive form of cross-rhythm is the basis for most Sub-Saharan African music traditions. Rhythmic patterns are generated by simultaneously dividing a span of musical time by a triple-beat scheme and a duple-beat scheme. > In the development of cross rhythm, there are some selected rhythmic > materials or beat schemes that are customarily used. These beat schemes, in > their generic forms, are simple divisions of the same musical period in > equal units, producing varying rhythmic densities or motions.
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These were delivered to Thanet and were bodied by Park Royal to a full front, front entrance design and arrived in 1959. Later, AEC Regents reverted to the half cab layout, but all were bodied by Park Royal and many would survive into the late 1970s and early 1980s. AEC also became the main supplier of single-deck buses and coaches, too, with batches of BET style bodied AEC Reliances entering the fleet as well as Park Royal, Plaxton and Duple bodied coaches.
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Falsetto vocals are suited for such leaps and are common in Hawaiian singing, as is the use of microtones. Rhythm is mostly in duple meter. A musical scale that is unique to Hawaiian music imbues it with its distinct feel, and so is aptly named the Hawaiian scale. The Panama- Pacific Exposition in San Francisco in 1915 introduced Hawaiian steel guitar to mainland country music artists, and by the 1930s country stars Hoot Gibson and Jimmy Davis were making records with Hawaiian musicians.
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Although primarily a coach manufacturer, Duple also manufactured bus bodies on a limited scale. The 300 was introduced two years after the coach versions of the series and was available on 11 m Dennis Javelin, Leyland Tiger and Volvo B10M chassis, selling in small quantities only. The largest customer was Hutchison's Coaches of Overtown, Lanarkshire, which purchased 15 Volvos. The 300 had little visual similarity to the coach models apart from the use of similar front grille/headlamps and rear window.
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It was originated from the bus body manufacturing business of Metal Sections, known as TI Metsec in the late 1970s, the present day Metsec plc. Metal Sections, as the name suggests, produced prefabricated sections of metal for customers for a variety of products. In the early days, Metal Sections was not involved in the bus body business, however, after supplying framing sections for other bus body builders, they decided to get into the business themselves. The business was acquired by Duple Coachbuilders in 1980/1981.
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Dancing the Haymakers' Jig at an Irish ceilidh The jig (, ) is a form of lively folk dance in compound metre, as well as the accompanying dance tune. It developed in 16th-century England, and was quickly adopted on mainland Europe where it eventually became the final movement of the mature Baroque dance suite (the French gigue; Italian and Spanish giga). Today it is most associated with Irish dance music, Scottish country dance and the Métis people in Canada. Jigs were originally in duple compound metre, (e.g.
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"What Now" is a piano-led mid tempo pop and R&B; ballad which lasts four minutes and three seconds. According to Sony/ATV Music Publishing's digital sheet music for the song, it is composed in the key of G minor and set in compound duple meter ( time) with a moderately slow groove of 60 beats per minute. Rihanna's vocals span from the low note of A3 to the high note of C5. "What Now" follows a chord progression of Gm–B2–F–Fsus4–F.
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From Jones's description we know that Drexel 3976 also contains works that do not have theatrical origins. "The Rare Theatrical" contains six "brawls" (or branles). Branles were not used for theatre music; the ones in Drexel 3976 were not included by Locke in his collections of chamber music. Locke's branles exhibit a similar formal structure: they open with two six-bar phrases in duple time, then a "second brawl" of eight measures in triple time, followed by a "leading brawl" of two six-bar sections.
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The final movement, "" (I have a difficult journey before me), opens with a triad fanfare, which the bass voice sings on the words "Nur getrost" (Be comforted). It is similar to a motif in Bach's Violin Concerto in E minor, BWV 1042. The soprano reprises the chorale melody in duple rather than the original triple time, with a responding line in the bass voice. After two phrases, the ritornello plays alone for eight measures before both voices re- enter in counterpoint to complete the chorale.
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The Koons House is a historic house at 409 Fifth Street NW in Bentonville, Arkansas. It is an unusually high-quality and well-preserved example of a once-common local vernacular form called the "gumdrop duple", a two-family residence with a pyramidal roof. The front facade has a single-story hip- roofed porch supported by tapered square columns, and there is a shed-roof addition across the rear. The roof is not fully pyramidal, having small gable sections near the peak that provide ventilation.
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Hemiola is found in many Renaissance pieces in triple rhythm. One composer who exploited this characteristic was the 16th-century French composer Claude Le Jeune, a leading exponent of musique mesurée à l'antique. One of his best- known chansons is "Revoici venir du printemps" , where the alternation of compound-duple and simple-triple metres with a common counting unit for the beat subdivisions can be clearly heard: Claude LeJeune, Revoici venir du printempsClaude LeJeune, "Revoici venir du printemps", bars 1–4 of the upper vocal line.
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WH Jolly also ran a small number of coaches. Pressure from other services after deregulation, coupled with the announcement of the Tyne & Wear Metro extension to Sunderland and South Hylton caused the company to cease operations on 1 July 1995. After the company closed the buses were sold to other companies. It is believed Duple Dominant bodied Bedford YMT KTY 23X was sold to Emsworth & District before being donated to Asia Bus Response, as a response to the Tsunami Disaster of 26 December 2004.
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Although Bedford were to have success with such a layout between 1970 and 1987 the marks 10 and 11 sold poorly, with Seddon, Charles H Roe, Duple and Plaxton bodies on the few known examples. The mid 1950s mark 16 was a 21 ft long bus with a Perkins P4 on the front overhang and the mark 17 was a six-cylinder-engined chassis to similar layout. The mark 18 of the late 1950s, mainly sold to Australia and New Zealand, with local coachwork.
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This fast rondo (marked 'presto') is in G minor in duple time. The subtitle "Rondo alla zingarese" has given it the nickname "Gypsy Rondo." Like many of Brahms's finales, this uses as its principal theme a very fast, rhythmic, tonal, simple idea (see the finales to his Piano Quintet and Double Concerto), this one covering an irregular number of measures. The formal design resembles: ABACDBCADCBA, although the movement is more nuanced than this because each section is in ABA form and cadenzas occasionally interject between sections.
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An oft quoted definition of swing by Louis Armstrong is: "if you don't feel it, you'll never know it." The New Harvard Dictionary of Music states that swing is: "An intangible rhythmic momentum in jazz...Swing defies analysis; claims to its presence may inspire arguments." The dictionary does nonetheless provide the useful description of triple subdivisions of the beat contrasted with duple subdivisions:The New Harvard Dictionary of Music (1986: 818). swing superimposes six subdivisions of the beat over a basic pulse structure or four subdivisions.
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The patterns are all ternary, and vary in number (depending on the theorists' preferences) from four to nine . The six most often described, forming the nucleus of the system, are (; ): # Long-short (trochee) # Short-long (iamb) # Long-short-short (dactyl) # Short-short-long (anapest) # Long-long (spondee) # Short-short (pyrrhic) Rhythmic modes were the basis for the notation technique of modal notation, the first system in European music to notate musical rhythms and thereby make the notation of complex polyphonic music possible, which was devised around 1200 AD and later superseded by the more complex mensural notation. Modal notation indicated modes by grouping notes together in ligatures—a single written symbol representing two or more notes. A three- note ligature followed by a succession of duple ligatures indicated mode 1; the reverse—a succession of duple ligatures ending with a ternary on—indicated mode 2; a single note followed by a series of ternary ligatures mean mode 3 and the reverse mode 4; uniform ternary ligatures signified mode 5, and a four-note ligature followed by a chain of ternary ligatures meant indicated mode 6 .
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"Thy Will" was produced by Ricky Skaggs with assistance from Bernie Herms and lasts for three minutes and fifty-seven seconds. The ballad is built on a piano melody and an orchestral arrangement that draws on elements of gospel music. As the song progresses, the backing instrumental builds to "keep up with her emotions," until it reaches its "swell" at the bridge. According to the sheet music published by Alfred Publishing Company, "Thy Will" is set in compound duple time () with a "gentle" tempo of approximately 55 BPM.
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At this point a third theme is heard in the woodwinds – like the first theme also built on the perfect fourth but this time with the defining rhythm "short-long-short" – with tremolo accompaniment in the strings. At measure 28, the fourth theme enters still in G major and distinguished by its duple (equal) subdivision of the beat in the horns and woodwinds as a chorale-like chord progression. This exposition concludes with the return of the third theme, now rhythmically in diminution and melodically circular, fading away to an afterthought.
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Minor-key inflections in Variations 2 to 4 increase the distance from Handel and lay the groundwork for Variations 5 and 6, in the tonic minor. Variation 2 is a subtle piece with a flowing, lilting rhythm. Complexity is added as Brahms uses a favourite technique, found throughout his works, with triple time in one voice—in this case, triplets in the right hand—against duple time in the other. While explicitly recalling the melody of Handel's theme, the chromaticism of this variation adds to the sense of a world beyond the Baroque.
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He directed the International Centre for African Music and Dance (ICAMD). He taught at the Presbyterian Training College, Akropong, serving as the Acting Principal in 1952. According to GhanaWeb: "His concept and interpretation of time and rhythmic patterns in Ghanaian and other African folk music were revolutionary, and became standard for researchers and scholars around the world." He introduced, for example, the use of the more readable time signature in his compositions as an alternative to the use of duple () time with triplets that was used earlier by his mentor and teacher, Ephraim Amu.
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The metre or "compás" of the soleá is one of the most widely used in Flamenco. Other palos have derived their compás from the soleá, including Bulerías por soleá, the palos in the Cantiñas group, like Alegrías, Romeras, Mirabrás, Caracoles or, to a certain extent, Bulerías. It consists of 12 beats, and could be described as a combination of triple and duple beat bars, so it's a polymetre form, with strong beats at the end of each bar. The basic "skeleton" of the soleá rhythm, thus, follows this pattern: :Image:Soleacompasbeat0basic.
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Most are rondeaux, and most are in duple meter. One of his songs, Helas que pourra devenir, was extraordinarily famous, and was the second-most-widely distributed song in manuscript sources of the third quarter of the 15th century (De tous biens plaine, by Hayne van Ghizeghem, was the first). It is unusual among songs of the time in using very close imitation, and it seems to have initiated a trend. David Fallows, writing in the New Grove, hypothesises that it may have originated as an instrumental fantasy.
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Though such bands presented interpretations of regional folk repertoire, the overall sound was a homogenized mixture of Polish styles. There were more authentic groups, such as Słowianki, but the sanitized image of folk music made the whole field unattractive to some audiences, and many traditions dwindled rapidly. Polish dance music, especially the mazurka and polonaise, were popularized by Frédéric Chopin, and they soon spread across Europe and elsewhere. These are triple time dances, while five-beat forms are more common in the northeast and duple-time dances like the krakowiak come from the south.
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Having been well known before the war, Dinky Toys were popular in the United Kingdom in the early 1950s. The smaller cars were in a scale of 1:45, while the larger cars and many Supertoys, as stated above, were in a scale of 1:48, which blended in with O scale railway sets, but many buses and lorries were scaled down further (Schellekens 2010). The scale of the Dinky Toys land vehicles range from 1/27 for the Lunar Roving Vehicle ref. 355 and 1/99 for the Duple Viceroy Luxury coach ref.
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The tambourin is a Provençal dance accompanied by lively duple meter music. It is so named because the music imitates a drum (tambour being a generic French term for "drum"), usually as a repetitive not-very-melodic figure in the bass. A small, two-headed drum of Arabic origin is also called the tambourin [de Provence] or tambour de Basque; it is mentioned as early as the 1080s and noted as the "tabor" in the Chanson de Roland). This was played together with a small flute known as the galoubet or flaviol.
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The 45 rpm plays in C major, even though on the sheet music (copyright 1959 by Music Productions, Hollywood, CA), the song is in the key of F major. The time signature is 4/4, and the tempo is indicated as "Moderate Beguine Tempo." The melody begins with a triplet on beats three and four, a motif that appears throughout the song in every second measure. In the other measures, however, the duple meter is reinforced by using eighth notes in the same location, presumably to prevent the tune from becoming a waltz.
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Fire firm rescued by rival manufacturer Commercial Motor 14 May 1992 page 6 Carmichael was sold in 1998 shortly after Mayflower took control.Carmichael is sold Commercial Motor 4 February 1999 page 18 As intended Trinity Holdings was successfully floated in 1992.Dennis floatation Commercial Motor 10 September 1992 At that time it was described as a group of famous motor engineering names including Dennis fire engines, buses and dustcarts, Duple bus kits and Reliance Mercury airport tenders. Trinity claimed it was Europe's largest specialist vehicle producer making specialised products for niche markets.
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The dance is somewhat unusual rhythmically because of the syncopation it is associated with. Most dances are danced with either 4/4 or 3/4 music with counting to match, with either a triple or duple base depending on the dance. The New York hustle is generally danced to 4/4 music but counted as a six beat pattern. The most common New York hustle counting pattern is "&1 2 3 &1 2 3", meaning " L R LR L R" in the leader's pattern and the natural opposite of the follower's pattern.
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In older theory texts this form is sometimes referred to as a "trill-tremolo" (see trill). :# A rapid, repeated alteration of volume (as on an electronic instrument); :# vibrato: an inaccurate usage, since vibrato is actually a slight undulation in a sustained pitch, rather than a repetition of the pitch, or variation in volume (see vibrato). ; tresillo (Sp.): A duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Cuban and other Latin American music ; trill : A rapid, usually unmeasured alternation between two harmonically adjacent notes (e.g. an interval of a semitone or a whole tone).
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At the end of 1972 the all new Duple Dominant was launched to replace the Viceroy. The Dominant was heavily influenced by the styling of the Plaxton Panorama Elite, with the same large curved windows and the added advantage of being of all-metal construction. Viceroy bodies remained a common sight on Britain's roads well into the 1980s, but their timber-framed construction and the fact that they were almost all built on less durable lightweight chassis meant that by the end of the decade very few were still in use as coaches.
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"Ænema" is a song by rock band Tool, released as the third single from their second major-label release Ænima. Adam Jones made a video for the song using stop-motion animation; it is included in the Salival box set. The song reached number twenty-five on the US Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in August 1997. The song makes extensive use of hemiola, a musical technique in which the emphasis in a triple meter is changed to give the illusion that both a duple and a triple meter occur in the song.
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The text of the "Divinum mysterium" was replaced by the words of Prudentius's poem when it was published by Thomas Helmore in 1851. In making this fusion, the original metre of the chant was disturbed, changing the original triple metre rhythm into a duple metre and therefore altering stresses and note lengths. A later version by Charles Winfred Douglas (1867–1944) corrected this using an "equalist" method of transcription, although the hymn is now found in both versions as well as a more dance-like interpretation of the original melody.
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The URS initially participated in a coalition government led by the Serbian Progressive Party and the Socialist Party of Serbia. Petrović's term in office was again brief. Following the 2011 reforms, he could not hold a dual mandate as mayor and member of the assembly, and he resigned his mandate on 29 August 2012."Samo Bratislav Gašić podneo ostavku zbog duple funkcije", Vesti, 27 August 2012, accessed 16 January 2020.31 May 2012 legislature, National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia, accessed 16 January 2020. In April 2013, G17 Plus formally merged into the URS.
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Gavotte rhythm The phrases of the 18th-century French court gavotte begin in the middle of the bar, creating a half-measure (half-bar) upbeat. However the music for the earlier court gavotte, first described by Thoinot Arbeau in 1589, invariably began on the downbeat of a duple measure. Later composers also wrote gavottes that began on the downbeat rather than on the half- measure: an example is Jean-Philippe Rameau's Gavotte Variée in A minor for keyboard. Various folk gavottes found in mid-20th-century Brittany are danced to music in , , , and time.
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Joget also grew in popularity within the Malay community in Singapore after its introduction in 1942. The dance is of the Portuguese roots and is accompanied by an ensemble consisting of; a violin of Western world, a knobbed gong of Asia, a flute (optional) and at least two rebana or gendang of Maritime Southeast Asia. The tempo of Joget music is fairly quick with the feeling of teasing and playing between the partners. The music emphasizes duple- and triple-beat division, both in alternation and simultaneously, and sung in the northeast Malaysia style.
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23: the first movement's chorus shares similar key modulations to that of the first movement of RV 588, only modified to fit a duple meter instead of the triple meter of RV 588. Motivic material present in the orchestral parts of either piece are also shared, including octave jumps in the opening motives of the piece. The second movement is significantly more chromatic in RV 589, but nonetheless is texturally similar to the setting present in RV Anh. 23, with the use of repeating rhythmic figures underneath harmonic motion.
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These two different styles switch off until the conclusion of the piece (in duple meter). frontispiece The most famous moment in the opera is Act II, scene 5, a monologue by the enchantress Armide, considered "one of the most impressive recitatives in all of Lully's operas". Armide, accompanied by only continuo, alternates between glorying in her own power and succumbing to piercing angst. Clutching a dagger, she expresses her unyielding desire to kill the knight Renaud, who has foiled her plan to keep the knights of the Crusades in captivity.
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It was available in three variants - CU335, CU385 and CU435, the number in each indicating the wheelbase length in centimetres. It was usually fitted with Leyland's 5.7-litre 6.98NV engine, though the derated 6.98DV was also an option. Most Cubs were built for local authorities and the welfare sector, and thus carried bodywork by Wadham Stringer of Hampshire or Reeve Burgess of Derbyshire. However, Lothian Regional Transport took 18 CU435s with Duple Dominant bodies in 1981, while the West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive bought 15 with Optare bodies in 1986.
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The taller Duple 340 was intended to be more upmarket than the 320 and was only available on 12-metre long heavyweight chassis. Initially these were the mid-engined DAF MB200 / MB230, Leyland Tiger and Volvo B10M and the rear-engined DAF SB2305, but the Scania K93 also became available in 1988.. The 320 and 340 shared similar front ends and windscreens, but the 340 could be distinguished by its greater height, with the side windows being stepped up slightly behind the door/cab window and a curved front roof dome over the cab.
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Songs usually acknowledge distinguished personages, especially the chiefs acting as hosts; the texts praise people whose labors have contributed to the event (Hereniko 1991:130-131). Many tiap forau are in duple meter, but some are in compound triple meter (transcribable as 6/8 time). Tautoga may include from one to three sua, one or two tiap hi, and two or more tiap forau; for a complete performance, at least one example of each type must occur. A group of elders provides accompaniment for the sua and the tiap forau: with wooden sticks, they beat on a pile of folded mats.
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Gliderways used Harrington coach bodies whilst the Lancashire operators had Plaxton body theirs. Between these three fewer than ten coaches were sold, at the time the Leyland Tiger Cub and AEC Reliance dominated the underfloor-engined single-deck coach market. The arrival of the L1/2 Leyland Leopard in 1959 followed by the PSU3 version in 1961 confined UK- registered Worldmasters to a trickle of undelivered export chassis, one of which (an ERT2/2) went to Happiways of Manchester in 1963, bodied by Duple (Northern) in the former HV Burlingham factory. Like Smith of Wigan, Happiways became part of today's Shearings coach operation.
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The work comes to a close with a march of the Davidsbündler—the league of King David's men against the Philistines—in which may be heard the clear accents of truth in contest with the dull clamour of falsehood embodied in a quotation from the seventeenth century Grandfather's Dance. The march, a step nearly always in duple meter, is here in 3/4 time (triple meter). The work ends in joy and a degree of mock-triumph. In Carnaval, Schumann went further than in Papillons, by conceiving the story as well as the musical representation (and also displaying a maturation of compositional resource).
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The Dartline was unveiled by Duple at the 1988 British International Motor Show in Birmingham, along with the Dennis Dart chassis.Duple 9m on course for NEC Commercial Motor 29 September 1988Dart on target Commercial Motor 27 April 1989 Initially offered in just one length, 9 metres, its most distinctive feature was its curved, asymmetric windscreen covering the destination sign with an arched top. Four pre-production vehicles were built at Duple's Blackpool factory in 1989, and were used as demonstrators. Of these, three were 9 metres long, while the fourth was for London Buses Limited and measured 8.5 metres.
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"Menelaus" is similar to "Procris" in that they both contain many hemiola rhythms and a wavering tonal center. "Menelaus" is written in triple meter, but contains many metric changes throughout the piece usually going back and forth between triple and duple meter. The opening measure contains three groups of descending and ascending 32nd notes that suggest the playing of a harp or lyre, which evokes an image of ancient story telling and music-making. This pattern repeats wherever the words "you will come home" occur as well as the statement, "stretch out your hand" creating a short, refrain-like section.
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A thundering chord introduces the coda, marked Presto con fuoco, to which the initial Neapolitan harmony re- emerges in constant dynamic forward propulsion, which eventually ends the piece in a fiery double octave scale run down the keyboard. As a whole, the piece is structurally complex and not strictly confined to any particular form, but incorporates ideas from mainly the sonata and variation forms. A distinguishing feature of Ballade No. 1 is its time signature. While the other three are written in strict compound duple time with a time signature, Ballade No. 1 bears deviations from this.
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Swiss-built Graber coupés were displayed on the Alvis stand at both Paris and London Motor Shows in October 1955. With a licence in place, from late 1955 all Alvis bodies became based on Graber designs however few chassis and few bodies were built over the next two years. Around 15 or 16 TC108/Gs were built by Willowbrook Limited of Loughborough and Willowbrook was subsequently taken over by Duple Coachbuilders. Over the same two years Graber built 22 TC 108Gs and complained that if he had received chassis he would have committed himself to buying 20 a year.
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Wayne Shorter's composition "Footprints" appears on his earlier album Adam's Apple, but on Miles Smiles, the correlation between African-based (or ), and is playfully explored. Drummer Tony Williams freely moves from swing, to the three-over-two cross rhythm—and to its correlative. The rhythmic approach of Williams, and bassist Ron Carter, strongly suggests compound quadruple meter (), rather than triple meter (), because the ground of four main beats is maintained throughout the piece. The bass switches to at 2:20. Carter’s figure is known as tresillo in Afro-Cuban music and is the duple-pulse correlative of the figure.
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Production of the ALX500 body was started later in the same year, but there were some minor changes in appearance; for example, the exit door was moved rearward (for 12.0m variant only). In 1999, a modified version of the ALX500, which more resembled the ALX400 in appearance was introduced. When Transbus International was formed in 2001, the ALX500 body replaced the standard height, right hand drive version of the Duple Metsec DM5000 body (built for the Dennis Trident 3) which was duplicated with the ALX500 design. In late 2002, the ALX500 body was superseded by the TransBus Enviro500.
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"Hong Kong Buses Part 3: Kowloon Motor Bus" Fleetline issue 249 July 1997 page 112 It could be fitted with Gardner 6LXB engine and Voith D851 gearbox, but one Victory Mark 2 for China Motor Bus had been experimentally fitted with Self- Changing Gears GB350 gearbox. Almost all Leyland Victory Mark 2s built for Hong Kong were fitted with Alexander bodywork, but the last 20 buses built for China Motor Bus were fitted with Duple Metsec bodywork. Elsewhere, single-deck versions of the Guy Victory were also operated in Southeast Asian cities like Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and Penang.
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In the fifth movement, the piece returns to E major in duple meter with the spirited feeling of a Finale. The first theme, the beginning of which bears a striking resemblance to a phrase from the Wein, Weib und Gesang waltz (composed later than this symphony) by Johann Strauss II, returns to the rustic dance feel from earlier in the symphony, scored for full orchestra. Sixteen bars later, a second, lighter but just as spirited theme appears. These themes are varied and imitated as the movement pushes exuberantly forward towards its heroic conclusion in E major.
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The majority of classic Malta buses had elaborate grilles and headlight arrangements, curved windscreens and sloping roofs. Later makes of bus were usually of conventional bus and coach designs that were in use elsewhere in the world, such as Plaxton Supreme and Duple Dominant bodywork. Between 1981 and 1987 the fleet was drastically modernised with the import of over 260 second hand buses from the United Kingdom. Many of the oldest buses in the fleet were further replaced with the influx of 150 new low-floor buses from China and Turkey, financed with government grant aid, leaving just three normal control vehicles.
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There is a strong compas influence in Cape Verdean music.In the 1960s the coladeira emerged as a more lively, upbeat counterpart to the morna The coladeira is performed in fast duple meter, accompanying informal pop-style couple dancing. its primary influences appear to be an obscure folk processional music by the same name, Afro-American commercial music, the morna, and most important, modern French Caribbean pop...more often it is played by a modern dance band, that is, with drums, bass, electric guitars, and the like. Peter Manuel, Popular Musics of the Non-Western World, p. 95.
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J.S. Bach 'Bourree in E minor' (BWV 996) Bourrée in E minor is a popular lute piece, the fifth movement from Suite in E minor for Lute, BWV 996 (BC L166) written by Johann Sebastian Bach. The piece is arguably one of the most famous among guitarists. A bourrée was a type of dance that originated in France with quick duple meter and an upbeat. Though the bourrée was popular as a social dance and shown in theatrical ballets during the reign of Louis XIV of France, the Bourrée in E minor was not intended for dancing.
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Although only 73 were built prior to the cessation of production due to World War II, it reappeared in a largely unchanged form at the end of the war, continuing in production until 1951. A total of 12,766 were produced, making it one of the most popular buses of its type ever. Bedford co-developed with Duple the "Vista" coachwork for the OB, fronted by a classic bullnose. The ash framework was reinforced with steel, and the floor made from hardwood with softwood tongued and grooved boarding, with the exception of the cab area which was finished with alloy chequerplate.
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The Bedford "O" type lorry chassis was introduced in August 1939, with a coach-chassis version named the "OB". Duple Coachbuilders modified their 'Hendonian' body to fit the chassis, which at was longer than the previous WTB model. The six cylinder overhead valve power unit with a capacity of 3519 cc, introduced in 1938, developed at 3000 rpm. Only 73 OB buses were built in the two months before production ceased at the outbreak of World War II. All of Vauxhall and Bedford's production was turned over to the war effort, specifically producing the Churchill tank.
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This aspect of swing is far more prevalent in African-American music than in Afro-Caribbean music. One aspect of swing, which is heard in more rhythmically complex Diaspora musics, places strokes in-between the triple and duple-pulse "grids". New Orleans brass bands are a lasting influence, contributing horn players to the world of professional jazz with the distinct sound of the city whilst helping black children escape poverty. The leader of New Orleans' Camelia Brass Band, D'Jalma Ganier, taught Louis Armstrong to play trumpet; Armstrong would then popularize the New Orleans style of trumpet playing, and then expand it.
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Presumably he heard folk music in those regions when he traveled there during his youth. This influence is most evident in his strophic songs, one of which is in 5/4 (although actually notated in duple meter); asymmetrical meters are a normal feature of Balkan folk music but are absent in Italian. Saracini's works have had a resurgence of interest in the 20th century, after a long period of neglect. His experimental idiom first attracted the attention of musicologists, and later, performers; his compositions are now recorded relatively frequently, often on collections containing works of other composers of the same era, such as Monteverdi or Alessandro Grandi.
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Kent believed that Elgar's compositional thoughts and time were by then engaged with the Third Symphony and The Spanish Lady, and that the main theme for the march was "unpromising". Payne felt there was not enough in the sketches to complete the march, but fortunately three pages of score in Elgar's handwriting were discovered at the Royal School of Church Music Colles Library marked "P&C; 6". In 2006, the score and sketches were turned into a performing version. Payne observed in the program notes that "Nowhere else in the Pomp and Circumstance marches does Elgar combine compound and duple metres in this way".
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"For the Nights I Can't Remember" is a pop rock love ballad produced by Greig Nori and Dave Genn which lasts for four minutes and one second. According to the sheet music published by Universal Music Publishing Group, the song is composed in the key of C major and set in compound duple time () to an approximate tempo of 72 BPM. Hoggard's vocals span a two-octave range, from the note of E through E. The song follows a non-repeating chord progression and is instrumented primarily by piano. Lyrically, the song finds Hoggard pleading to his lover for forgiveness for the time he's spent away.
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In "common" time, often considered , each level is divided in two (simple duple time: 2×2=4). In a common-time rock drum pattern each measure (a whole note) is divided in two by the bass drum (half note), each half is divided in two by the snare drum (quarter note, collectively the bass and snare divide the measure into four), and each quarter note is divided in two by a ride pattern (eighth note). "Half"-time refers to halving this division (divide each measure into quarter notes with the ride pattern), while "double"-time refers to doubling this division (divide each measure into sixteenth notes with the ride pattern).
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The Invictaway branding was applied to the exterior and interior of vehicles.Invictaway interior branding on an ECW coach The Invictaway livery's base colour was changed to a green based livery, based on the National Bus Company's coach livery, and the Invictaway names were reduced in size.A Leyland Leopard PSU3B/4R with Duple Dominant II Express body in Invictaway NBC green livery Later, with the privatisation of the NBC, the Invictaway livery was retained, with the NBC chevrons removed.Image of post BNC Invictaway livery In 1992 the green livery was simplified, with the introduction of some double deck coaches, long wheelbase Leyland Olympians with ECW bodywork, with distinctive sloped top front windows.
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A preserved Leyland National which was run by Southend Transport. Northern Counties bodied Leyland Olympian in 1980 A preserved and "Southend Transport" liveried Duple Caribbean bodied Leyland Tiger which was run by Arriva Southend. Plaxton Pointer 1 bodied Dennis Dart SLF at Canvey Island bus rally in 2008 Arriva Southend Leyland Olympian at Canvey Island bus rally in 2009 Arriva Southend Northern Counties Paladin bodied Dennis Dart at Cobham bus rally in 2007 The company was founded in 1901 as Southend Corporation Transport, and was renamed Southend Transport in 1974. It began operating motorbuses in 1912, and became a limited company on 26 October 1986 due to the Transport Act 1985.
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Barton scored a first by operating the first diesel-engined passenger-carrying road vehicle, a Lancia, in 1930. Barton had earlier been an engineer at Hornsbys where he had worked on the early development of "oil engines" (he always refused to use the term "diesel"). Leylands were purchased from the mid-1930s and made up a large part of the fleet by the beginning of World War II. Starting in 1939, a fleet of Leyland Titan TD5, TD7 and rebodied TD1 double-deckers with stylish, front-entrance, lowbridge bodywork by Duple and Willowbrook was purchased, which appeared very modern by the standards of the day.
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Quintuple meter or quintuple time is a musical meter characterized by five beats in a measure. The beats can have the pattern strong-weak-medium-weak- weak or strong-weak-weak-medium-weak, although a survey of certain forms of mostly American popular music suggests that latter is the more common of these two in these styles. The beats may use any other combination, including five equally-stressed beats in every bar, each consisting of an accent and a non- accent. Like the more common duple, triple, and quadruple meters, it may be simple, with each beat divided in half, or compound, with each beat divided into thirds.
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The Concerto is characterized by consistency and formal balance, which produces a satisfying sense of unity. Another prominent feature is the syncopated energetic rhythm that is typical of Piston's music. This is particularly prominent in the scherzo, which employs delicate percussion tapping also typical of the composer. The three fast movements are in each in an A-B-A ternary form with a more lyrical B section providing contrast to the more vigorous outer parts. The last movement begins with a stately introductory Allegro in duple meter followed by the finale proper, a Vivo in changing meters (7/8, 5/8, 3/4, etc.).
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Once again among the Opus 50 minuets, Haydn is unsettling harmonic conventions. Haydn also toys with metre towards the end of the minuet: it moves into, and concludes, essentially in duple time. The trio follows, and its theme almost identical to that of the minuet, albeit in a minor key and played by all four parts in unison. Sutcliffe refers to the finale as the "one disappointing movement" of the Opus 50 quartets, arguing that it is "too straightforward structurally", lacks "internal tension", and might have been the product of the composer's rush to finish the work, which was holding up publication of the whole set.
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This expansive theme is voiced by the winds and first violins in eighth notes, accelerating the tempo by more than double the previous tempo, as the opening statement reaches its conclusion. Following the opening statement's conclusion, the theme is used in imitation, mostly at intervals of a fourth and fifth, and combined with an accelerated version. After this, the tempo changes into a triple meter where the first theme undergoes a series of contrapuntal treatments. While the meter returns to a duple meter, the brass and winds play interwoven contrapuntal lines of the most expansive form of the theme while the strings push forward with constant 16th notes.
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The opening movement was normally in duple metre and in a major key; the slow movement in earlier examples was short, and could be in a contrasting key; the concluding movement was dance-like, most often with rhythms of the gigue or minuet, and returned to the key of the opening section. As the form evolved, the first movement may incorporate fanfare-like elements and took on the pattern of so-called "sonatina form" (sonata form without a development section), and the slow section became more extended and lyrical. In Italian opera after about 1800, the "overture" became known as the sinfonia.Fisher, Stephen C. 1998. "Sinfonia".
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Isherwood, Music in Service of the King: France in the Seventeenth Century, 218-219. The overture is in standard French overture form and style as developed by Lully, featuring three sections: a slow section in duple meter and pompous dotted rhythms in G minor, followed by a faster middle section and concluded with a second slow section ending with a Picardy third. The scene for the prologue is at the Palace of the allegorical character Time. A chorus of Hours of the Day and Night sing the praises of a 'hero' (Louis XIV) in "Ses Justes loix, ses grands exploits" ("His just laws, his great exploits").
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The song is predominately in triple meter, alternating between , and time. The guitar during the verse plays in using a 2+2+2 phrasing while the heavy part ("somewhere between the sacred silence and sleep") makes use of a hemiola with the guitar switching to a 3+3+3+3 pattern while the drums remain in compound duple meter until the bridge. The song was ranked number 14 on VH1's 40 Greatest Metal Songs,"VH1 40 Greatest Metal Songs", 1–4 May 2006, VH1 Channel, reported by VH1.com; last accessed September 10, 2006 and was called a nu metal classic by Stylus Magazine.
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At the time of the opening of Hong Kong International Airport in 1998, the fleet consisted of 62 Dennis Trident 3 double decker buses (fleet numbers 2100-2161), of which 11 had Alexander ALX500 bodies and the other 51 had Duple Metsec DM5000 bodies. Ten MAN NL262/R single deckers (fleet number 1560 - 1569) were added to the fleet in 2006 for use in route A10. Two urban-specification Alexander Dennis Enviro500s (8203-8204) joined the fleet in 2011, and were repainted with Cityflyer livery but retained their normal seats which differ from the high backed coach seats of the other buses. They were returned to normal Citybus livery in 2013.
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Central France includes the regions of Auvergne, Limousin, Morvan, Nivernais, Bourbonnais and Berry. The lands are the home to a significant bagpipe tradition, as well as the iconic hurdy-gurdy and the dance bourrée. There are deep differences between the regions of Central France, with the Auvergne and Limousin retained the most vibrant folk traditions of the area. As an example of the area's diversity, the bourrée can come in either duple or triple meter; the latter is found in the south of the region, and is usually improvised with bagpipes and hurdy-gurdy, while the former is found in the north and includes virtuoso players.
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Duple Metsec therefore had to find a third party who would be willing to assemble their body kits on the Dennis Dragon chassis and eventually Salvador Caetano in Porto, Portugal were chosen. The bodies also had new fronts designed for them which would accommodate the same size of windscreens that were fitted to the Alexander R-type bodies in the Citybus fleet. The front dash and cab area were also quite different as Caetano applied their coach styling skills to design a better cab area. The Citybus Dragons were unique in being the only 10.3-metre single-door Dragons built, and the 12m Dragons were the first air-conditioned examples for Hong Kong.
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Opening of the Sonata in A major The sonata begins with a forte, heavily textured chordal fanfare emphasizing a low A pedal and duple-meter stepwise diatonic ascent in thirds in the middle voices, followed immediately by quiet descending triplet arpeggios punctuated by light chords outlining a chromatic ascent. These highly contrasting phrases provide the motivic material for much of the sonata. The second theme is a lyrical melody written in four-part harmony. The exposition follows standard classical practice by modulating from tonic (A) to dominant (E) for the second theme, even preparing the latter tonality with its own V – the only first movement to do so in the mature Schubert.
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For instance, the Hanunoo of Mindoro have a small agung ensemble consisting of only two light gongs played by two musicians on the floor in a simple duple rhythm while the Manobo have an ensemble (called an ahong) consisting of 10 small agungs hung vertically on a triangular frame. It includes three musicians: one standing up, playing the melody, and the rest sitting. The ahong is divided by purpose, with the higher-pitched gongs (kaantuhan) carrying the melody, three to four lower-pitched gongs (gandingan) playing melodic ostinato figures, and the lowest-pitched gong (bandil) setting the tempo. An antique bronze karatung set The Tiruray call their agung ensemble a kelo-agung, kalatong, or karatung.
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Although Bertrand only wrote one Italian madrigal—actually a villanella—he was clearly influenced in his chanson-writing by the Italian concern for text- painting and careful underlining of words and phrases with appropriate and symbolic melodic and harmonic material. He was careful to use contrasting textures and meters, for example switching from duple to triple meter several times during the course of a composition. Bertrand's sacred works, contained in his three publications of Airs spirituels and sonets chrestiens, are closely related stylistically to the contemporary psalm-settings by the Huguenots: they are simple both melodically and harmonically, and usually maintain a homophonic texture throughout. The melodies are mostly from Gregorian chant.
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Image gallery of the Invictaway ECW Olympians The forward stripes were removed, and the M&D; logo sloped along the leading edge.Simplified Invictaway livery on a Duple Caribbean bodied Leyland Tiger While the coaches wore Invictaway livery, as part of the M&D; fleet, they could occasionally be seen on other local services when the need arose, and were also used on tours further afield. Some of the last coaches to wear the M&D; Invictaway livery were a batch of J registered Plaxton 321 bodied Leyland Tigers.Image gallery of Invictaway Plaxton 321 bodied Leyland Tigers The Kent version of the Green Line livery In the summer of 1995, the Invictaway services were rebranded into the Green Line network.
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The OPS4, had a wheelbase for a bodied length of , Duple produced a batch of fifteen LOPS4/3 with Park Royal metal frames in 1949 for coach operators in Buenos Aires and a single coach to the same outline for Gibraltar motorways. Production of the 'overseas' Tiger concentrated in the 1950s on the OPS4/5 variant with exposed radiator, O680 engine, air brakes and Pneumocyclic gearbox as standard, the final (post 1967) versions were coded OPS4A/15 following updates in the Titan range and a rationalisation of nomenclature and components. The last Tiger OPS4s were delivered to South African fleets in 1970, some of these were still working at the turn of the century.
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Pete's did acquire a small number of step-entrance Plaxton Pointer, Alexander and Wright Handybus split screen bodies to replace ageing Dodge S56s and a steady fleet upgrade continued well into the late 1990s. Notable purchases came from very early Duple Dartline and Carlyle bodied darts from London Buses with the sweeping curved windscreens, though one of the more unusual Dennis Dart purchases came from non-standard UVG bodied R810WJA. More contracts ensued with the requirement of high capacity double deckers for school work - Pete's acquired a number of MCW Metrobuses from London Buses operating units, some with both double door and single door conversions. Further London vehicles bolstered the fleet in Volvo Citybus/Northern Counties.
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In Bartók's music, the acoustic scale is characterized in various ways including diatonic, dynamic, tense, and triple- or other odd-metered, as opposed to the music structured by the Fibonacci sequence which is chromatic, static, relaxed, and duple-metered. Another way to regard the acoustic scale is that it occurs as a mode of the melodic minor scale, starting on the fourth degree (relative to the minor root), thus being analogous to the Dorian mode. Hence, the acoustic scale starting on D is D, E, F, G, A, B, C, D, containing the familiar sharpened F and G of A melodic minor. The F turns the D minor tetrachord into a major tetrachord, and the G turns it Lydian.
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1, edited by George Grove, D. C. L., (London: Macmillan and Co., 1880): 727; Rockstro, W[illiam] S[myth], Sesqui, A Dictionary of Music and Musicians (A.D. 1450–1883), by Eminent Writers, English and Foreign, vol. 3, edited by George Grove, D. C. L. (London: Macmillan and Co., 1883): 475 although David Hiley, E. Thomas Stanford, and Paul R. Laird hold that, though similar in effect, hemiola properly applies to a momentary occurrence of three duple values in place of two triple ones, whereas sesquialtera represents a proportional metric change between successive sections.David Hiley, E. Thomas Stanford, and Paul R. Laird, "Sesquialtera", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, 29 vols.
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Some see traces of the evolution from set dances to couples dances and from duple time to triple time in the minuets, still danced in some communities of Finland and Denmark. In these, the dance starts with a large set of dancers dancing a slower formal section and ends with couples or foursomes dancing a faster, more energetic polska section. In the late 1600s it was common in northern Europe that only the slower Alla breve or section of the music was written down on paper, as paper was expensive. The musicians were expected to be able to improvise a dance in which was based on the same motivic material as the previous dance.
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Singapore Bus Services (SBS, present-day SBS Transit) introduced one Duple Metsec-bodied Volvo B10MA and one Volgren- bodied Mercedes Benz O405G in 1996 and 1997 respectively to evaluate the suitability of articulated buses for high-capacity single deck bus operations. The trial was however unsuccessful and SBS stuck to the use of 12-metre double deck “Superbuses”. The two articulated buses were eventually sold off to Bayes Coachlines of Dairy Flat, Auckland in New Zealand in March 2006. SBS Transit would only operate articulated buses again in March 2018 when ten ex-SMRT MAN A24 buses were transferred to SBS Transit in batches by the Land Transport Authority as part of the Seletar Bus Package under the Bus Contracting Model.
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He points to this type of meter being used by Mendelssohn to alter the speed of vocals in the song and to reflect emotions through distortion of duple norms.Rogers (2011b), He also points to a lack of tonic harmony as a recurring characteristic of her lieder, identifying it in the lied Verlust as a deliberate means to reflect the song's themes of abandonment and failing to find love. Mendelssohn's use of word painting is also acknowledged as a common element of her style, a method of stressing emotion in the song text.Rogers (2011a), She commonly used strophic form for her songs, and her piano accompaniments frequently doubled the voice-line, characteristics also of the music of her teachers Zelter and Berger.
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Many coachbuilers worldwide produced bodies on the Tiger PS, as the model was introduced at the all-time peak in demand for new buses and coaches few operators could get the body of their first choice within an acceptable time. Barton got most of its coaches fitted with Duple bodies but built its own body for its 490 (HVO729), to an American outline with shallow full-depth sliding side glazing. Wallace Arnold bought over a Leeds coachbuilder, Wilks and Meade, in 1942 to get enough bodies reserved for postwar reconstruction. Between 1946 and 1950 Wallace Arnold took 37 PS1, 11 PS2, 34 Bedford OB, 24 AEC Regals, ten Daimler CVD6 and one Guy Arab, a fairly typical sample of coach-buying preferences at the time.
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In a jazz context, "waltz" signifies any piece of music in 3/4 time, whether intended for dancing or not . Although there are early examples such as the "Missouri Waltz" by Dan and Harvey’s Jazz Band (1918) and the "Jug Band Waltz" or the "Mississippi Waltz" by the Memphis Jug Band (1928), they are exceptional, as almost all jazz before 1955 was in duple meter . It was in 1938 that noted jazz-influenced classical composer Dmitri Shostakovich wrote the Jazz Suite in 3/4 time. Shortly after the "bop waltz" appeared in the early 1950s (e.g., Thelonious Monk’s recording of Carolina Moon in 1952 and Sonny Rollins’s Valse Hot in 1956) that triple meter became at all common in jazz .
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The military drumming of America, predominantly fife and drum corps, in the 19th century and earlier supplied much of the technique and instrumentation of the early jazz drummers. Influential players like Warren "Baby" Dodds and Zutty Singleton used the traditional military drumstick grip, military instruments, and played in the style of military drummers using rudiments, a group of short patterns which are standard in drumming. The rhythmic composition of this music was also important in early jazz and beyond. Very different from the African performance aesthetic, a flowing style which does not directly correspond to Western time signatures, the music played by military bands was rigidly within time and metric conventions, though it did have compositions in both duple and triple meter.
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The term cromatico (Italian) was occasionally used in the Medieval and Renaissance periods to refer to the coloration (Latin coloratio) of certain notes. The details vary widely by period and place, but generally the addition of a colour (often red) to an empty or filled head of a note, or the "colouring in" of an otherwise empty head of a note, shortens the duration of the note. In works of the Ars Nova from the 14th century, this was used to indicate a temporary change in metre from triple to duple, or vice versa. This usage became less common in the 15th century as open white noteheads became the standard notational form for minims (half-notes) and longer notes called white mensural notation.
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Music Together is noted for a repertoire which emphasizes the use of a wide variety of musical modes (tonalities) and metres. With much of the music of our culture—especially “children’s music”—using predominantly major scales and duple metre, it is difficult for children to gain a breadth of music experience. The Music Together repertoire includes songs in such tonalities as Phrygian mode, aeolian mode, Mixolydian mode, and Dorian mode. Children are also introduced to songs using triple metre and “unusual” metres such as 5/4 or 7/8. In this way, the Music Together repertoire helps strengthen children’s audiation, a termed coined by learning theorist Edwin Gordon to describe the process by which we mentally hear and comprehend music.
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The second movement is a tempestuous scherzo (ternary form) in compound duple meter in C minor, the same key as the first movement. Donald Francis Tovey argues that Brahms puts the scherzo in the same key as the first movement because the first movement does not sufficiently stabilize its own tonic and requires the second movement to "[furnish] the tonal balance unprovided for by the end of the first movement." Although it is the shortest scherzo of Brahms's piano quartets, it is formally and tonally very complex. The movement begins with an opening motif of a descending octave on G and a rising minor second to A stated by the piano, followed by a falling diatonic line accompanied by the strings.
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Finally, sharp debate again surrounds the beginning of the coda: whether it starts in measure 507 at the Presto or measure 555 at the Più Presto as analysed by Abraham and Hepokoski respectively. An equally plausible starting place is measure 497 (6 bars before Q) at the end of the final statement of the chordal duple-rhythm B-group theme (which begins at measure 487, letter P) with its syncopated trombone statement of the first four rising notes of the A-group (with which the work began) and the beginning of the E pedal which continues to the end of the movement. This entire ending section races in quarter-note arpeggios towards the conclusion, thus making it difficult to pinpoint the exact location of the beginning of the coda.
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Pachelbel's apparent affinity for variation form is evident from his organ works that explore the genre: chaconnes, chorale variations and several sets of arias with variations. The six chaconnes, together with Buxtehude's ostinato organ works, represent a shift from the older chaconne style: they completely abandon the dance idiom, introduce contrapuntal density, employ miscellaneous chorale improvisation techniques, and, most importantly, give the bass line much thematic significance for the development of the piece. Pachelbel's chaconnes are distinctly south German in style; the duple meter C major chaconne (possibly an early work) is reminiscent of Kerll's D minor passacaglia. The remaining five works are all in triple meter and display a wide variety of moods and techniques, concentrating on melodic content (as opposed to the emphasis on harmonic complexity and virtuosity in Buxtehude's chaconnes).
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The second theme, confidently played by horns and clarinets, with contrasting triple and duple rhythms, is one which was sketched by Elgar a few years before: this is developed and ends with flourishes from the strings and brass joined by the glockenspiel. The opening staccato theme returns, concluded by a quiet swirling bass passage, which leads into the Trio section (in the tonic major key of A) which consists of a delightfully simple tune in thirds played by the woodwind (flutes, oboes, clarinets and bassoons), answered conclusively by the strings and brass. This Trio section is repeated, and the march concluded with a brilliant little coda, which includes a drum roll on the snare drum, a shattering chord in A Minor, briefly played by horns, and followed by a final cadence.
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Gibson's first vehicle was a Ford Model T which carried both passengers and goods. Fleet renewal before and after the Second World War saw four Albion PK115s and a PHl14 along with an Irvine-bodied Leyland LTSA in service by 1948. By 1949 the firm had a Leyland TD4c and a Leyland-bodied Leyland PD2 demonstrator, that was actually paid for with a suitcase full of £750 in notes. Two Scottish Aviation-bodied Albions joined the fleet in 1950, followed in 1950 by a Guy Arab 1-decker in 1954 and a Guy Arab IV in 1963. New Ford R-Series coaches were bought in the 1970s - one was a fairly rare Willowbrook 002 model, after which a Plaxton Panorama Elite example and two with Duple Dominant body's were added.
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Dennis Eagle, Heathcote Industrial Estate in Warwick, 2009 In late 1985 a new 125,000 square foot Dennis Eagle plant on the Heathcote Industrial Estate in Warwick opened, taking over the building of Dennis municipal vehicle chassis and the matching Eagle bodies. Construction of chassis for buses and coaches as well as fire appliances remained at Guildford but that factory lost 600 jobs. Building of fire appliance bodies was moved to Carmichael Fire in Worcester and all cabs to Duple at Blackpool.450 Jobs to Go The Times 16 March 1985; pg. 2; issue 62088Dennis moves Commercial Motor 23 March 1985 page 6Restructured team installed at Hestair Commercial Motor 26 October 1985 page 13 The re- organisation cost around £4 million covered by the sale of part of the original Dennis site.
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This was a short-wheelbase version of the established theme with four-cylinder Perkins engine and up to 28 seats available within a 21 ft overall length. At the 1952 Earls Court Commercial Motor show marks 10 and 11 featured vertical Perkins (P6 80 bhp or R6 107 bhp) engines mounted underfloor (when competing underfloor-engined buses used horizontally oriented engines). Although Bedford were to have success with such a layout between 1970 and 1987 the marks 10 and 11 sold poorly, with Seddon, Charles H. Roe, Duple and Plaxton bodies on the few known examples. The mid 1950s mark 16 was a 21 ft long bus with a Perkins P4 on the front overhang and the mark 17 was a six-cylinder-engined chassis to similar layout.
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In its final years the Viceroy became available on a wider range of chassis. The Commander body had been dropped in 1970, so for the 1971 and 1972 seasons the Viceroy and Viceroy 37 were made available on heavyweight mid-engined AEC Reliance and Leyland Leopard chassis, although production of these totalled only 66 because the increasingly dated Viceroy was no match for the Panorama Elite at the premium end of the coach market. Much more significant in sales terms was the Bedford YRQ which replaced the VAM in late 1970. For the final 1972 season the Viceroy was also built on the front-engined Seddon Pennine 6 in 10-, 11- and 12-metre lengths, the latter being the first 12m coaches built by Duple and seating 57.
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By the time of Ars Nova, the perfect division of the tempus was not the only option as duple divisions became more accepted. For Vitry the breve could be divided, for an entire composition, or section of one, into groups of two or three smaller semibreves. This way, the tempus (the term that came to denote the division of the breve) could be either "perfect" (tempus perfectum), with ternary subdivision, or "imperfect" (tempus imperfectum), with binary subdivision. In a similar fashion, the semibreve's division (termed prolation) could be divided into three minima (prolatio perfectus or major prolation) or two minima (prolatio imperfectus or minor prolation) and, at the higher level, the longs division (called modus) could be three or two breves (modus perfectus or perfect mode, or modus imperfectus or imperfect mode respectively).
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Dennis Dragon 9.9m (also known as the Baby Dragon) in Kwun Tong in October 2006 The Dennis Dragon/Condor chassis was developed from 2-axle Dennis Dominator, with two separate wheels fitted in front of the rear axle (auxiliary axle was fitted since 1986). It was fitted with both Gardner or Cummins engines coupled to a Voith or ZF gearbox. The Cummins engine was initially available as an option, but it gradually replaced the Gardner engine as standard All Dennis Dragons/Condors, except four out of five prototypes, were fitted with Duple Metsec bodywork. In Hong Kong, this made Dennis Dragon/Condor easy to differentiate because most of the other bus models at the same period (such as Leyland Olympian, Volvo Olympian, Scania N113, etc.) were bodied with Alexander bodywork.
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Until 1957 Harrington designs for lightweight coaches such as the Bedford SB and the Commer Avenger had been unnamed, but in 1958 the Crusader was launched, it used large glass-fibre mouldings for the front and rear panels. It was slightly ungainly in its original form, but the Mark 2 was a fine looking vehicle, updated as Mark 3 with larger, Cavalier-sized side and rear windows. The final Mark 4 was perhaps a retrograde step, but no worse than equivalent Plaxton or Duple offerings of the time. It was built on the above two chassis and the Ford Thames 570E, customers included Northern General Transport Company,RL Kell, Glory Days Northern General, Hersham 2002 Garelochhead Coach Service and Southdown, who took a batch of 15 Commers in 1960.
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Bristol RE in Farnham in 1972 Preserved Leyland National Duple bodied Leyland Leopard in April 2009 Preserved Eastern Coach Works bodied Leyland Olympian in Londonlink livery in July 2011 Alder Valley was formed when National Bus Company (NBC) subsidiaries Aldershot & District Traction (A&D;) and Thames Valley Traction (TV) merged on 1 January 1972.Aldershot & Thames Valley Merge Commercial Motor 26 February 1971 page 26New company launches new colour Commercial Motor 31 December 1971 page 17 The name Alder Valley was an amalgamation of the former names, but not representing any geographical feature or area. Despite the merger, the company initially maintained two divisions: Reading, covering the former TV area, and Aldershot, covering A&D;'s area, each of which continued to issue its own timetable booklet. From 1 November 1973 these divisions were renamed North and South.
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In Italy, a distinct form called "overture" arose in the 1680s, and became established particularly through the operas of Alessandro Scarlatti, and spread throughout Europe, supplanting the French form as the standard operatic overture by the mid-18th century . Its stereotypical form is in three generally homophonic movements: fast–slow–fast. The opening movement was normally in duple metre and in a major key; the slow movement in earlier examples was usually quite short, and could be in a contrasting key; the concluding movement was dance-like, most often with rhythms of the gigue or minuet, and returned to the key of the opening section. As the form evolved, the first movement often incorporated fanfare-like elements and took on the pattern of so-called "sonatina form" (sonata form without a development section), and the slow section became more extended and lyrical .
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Another significant user of the type was Jersey Motor Transport, who, during the 1970s and 1980s, purchased little else. The operational fleet consisted 100% of this bus model for several years during this period, and was chosen because of the manufacturer's willingness to supply chassis of non-standard width and length to suit local size limits. Many of these vehicles received bodywork by Duple whose narrow-width Dominant also found buyers on other chassis in the UK, but earlier examples were constructed by Willowbrook and later versions by Wadham Stringer. JMT also had a number of longer and wider examples, which had started life in the late 1960s with Trimdon Motor Services in the north-east of England: these Plaxton- bodied buses required special dispensation to operate on the island, being restricted to certain services where the roads could accommodate them.
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The pieces featured on Agharta were part of a typical set list for the group, but their performances of each sometimes changed almost beyond recognition from concert to concert. This, along with the track names, led to the widespread misunderstanding that the music was mostly or entirely improvised and unstructured. Lucas explained that the band started each performance with a "very defined compositional basis" before developing it further in a highly structured yet "very free way"; the "Right Off" segment was improvised from the original recording's E-flat riff. Davis had the band play around a single chord in a piece for several minutes with variations as each member performed in a different time signature; Foster might have been playing in common time and Mtume in compound duple metre or septuple time, while the guitarists would comp in another tempo altogether.
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The final cadential phrases in the right hand are diatonic descents from 4 to 1, an inversion of the main motif. Rondo - the first episode's theme is based entirely on a four-note diatonic ascent and descent, repeated dozens of times in various positions. Eighth-note triplets, especially in pairs: Though not a major formal motive outside of the first movement (which is not to be understated), similar triplet groups appear prominently throughout the sonata. Allegro vivace - juxtaposed with the straight duple-meter eighth-note repeated chords, triplets pervade the movement, appearing in nearly every bar and creating a strong undercurrent that frequently spirals into outbursts. Scherzo - in a manner similar to the first movement's exposition, the second phrase of the scherzo’s first subject comprises an eighth-note triplet pattern that contrasts rhythmically with the preceding material.
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In: Iliću se konačno ispunila želja da pređe u Partizan at FK Partizan official website, 10-7-2014 Ivan Petrović potpisao za Partizan! at FK Partizan official website, 4-7-2014 Marinković potpisao za Partizan: Sve osim Lige Evrope i duple krune je neuspeh at novosti.rs, 8-8-2014 Lazar Ćirković – najnovija „crno-bela” akvizicija at FK Partizan official website, 20-8-2014 Out: Radić potpisao za Hofenhajm at Večernje novosti, 18-4-2014 Po običaju, crno-beli prvi krenuli at partizan.rs, 16-6-2014 Партизан уступио Стефана Савића Новом Пазару at zurnal.rs, 20-7-2014 Filip Knezevic reforça Vitória at Vitoria de Guimarães official website, 4-7-2014 Babić i Gojković novi članovi Borca at FK Borac Čačak official website, 21-7-2014 Partizan pozajmio levog beka: Aškovski do kraja godine u Stromsgodsetu at mozzartsport.com, 25-7-2014 Στον Πιερικό ο Ελιομάρ at larissasportnews.
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During 1972 the three-axle Bedford VAL model was replaced by the more conventional mid-engined Bedford YRT, and although Duple had not initially intended to offer the outgoing Viceroy range on the new chassis one batch of five Viceroy 37s was built to a special order for Edinburgh Corporation Transport, which needed the vehicles before the new Dominant body would be available. The British Government's "Bus Grant" provided a 50% subsidy towards the cost of new service buses, but did not apply to coaches. However, many operators used their coaches on local bus services as well as coaching, particularly in the winter months when coach business was quieter. For the 1972 season the Viceroy Express body was built on YRQ and R192 chassis, this having bus-type doors and other modifications to make them suitable for OMO (one-man operation) stage carriage services.
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After the opening drum roll, the bass instruments play a somber opening theme: :528px As commentators have pointed out,Among them: Schroeder 1985, 71 the first four notes of which match the Dies Irae chant, part of the Latin mass for the dead: :600px H. C. Robbins Landon has remarked that at the start the theme is ambiguous between duple and triple timeRobbins Landon 1976, 595 and between the keys of C minor and (what ultimately proves the case) E major. The sprightly Allegro con spirito that follows this introduction is in sonata form and time with an extended transition to the secondary theme. In a number of places, it restates the theme of the introduction in much faster tempo.Schroeder 1985, 71 Haydn restates part of the opening introduction in the coda, a formal procedure previously adopted by Mozart in his String Quintet K. 593 (1790).
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Like Harrington they also offered a more conservative option, in their case an Embassy body with twice as many side windows. A more conservative option definitely wasn't Yeates' style, instead they introduced a more radical one, if the Europa was insufficiently in-your-face they could offer you the Fiesta, now with trapezoid glazing. Yeates was always going to be a minority choice, and as Yeates sold everyone else's coachwork (their core business being dealership) perhaps they wanted it that way. 1961 proved though that on the premium chassis, Harrington was now second only to Plaxton, although Duple vastly outstripped either (and the Burlingham operation they now owned) in the market for lightweight day-trip coaches. During 1961 the legal maximum width and length limits for buses and coaches was relaxed, new maxima were 36 ft by 8 ft 2½in, to take effect from 1 January 1962.
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New purchasers of the Cavalier 36 in its second season were Anglo-Continental of Tunbridge Wells (5 Reliance 590) Valliant of Ealing (4 Reliance 590) and Regent of Redditch with a single Reliance 590. In 1963 Duple had three new styles for underfloor- engined chassis, the Alpine Continental was a longer-windowed version of the Continental whilst the Dragonfly was a 36 ft central entrance coach, both were built at Blackpool, the latter having a steel reinforced hardwood body frame. For the shorter AECs and Leylands the Britannia was finally replaced by the Hendon-built Commodore, which was a modification of the mass market Bella Vista body being 1 ft 10in longer with a front entrance and a maximum capacity of 45. Total Continental/Alpine Continental sales were 17, while only six Dragonflies were built, two Leyland demonstrators on Leopard and four for BET coach operator Samuelson of Victoria.
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The Branle de Montirandé appears to be related to the Haut Barrois branle, which Arbeau says was "arranged to the tune of a branle of Montierandal" (probably Montier-en- Der, near Chaumont in the Haute Marne) . This is danced in duple time, and as described by Arbeau has a similar structure to the double branle. Settings for this appear in the lute anthology Le trésor d'Orphée by Anthoine Francisque (1600) and the ensemble collection Terpsichore by Michael Praetorius (1612). In John Marston's The Malcontent (1604), act 4, scene 2, the character Guerrino describes the steps of a dance called Beanchaes brawl (Bianca's branle): > t'is but two singles on the left, two on the right, three doubles forward, a > trauerse of six round: do this twice, three singles side, galliard tricke of > twentie, curranto pace; a figure of eight, three singles broken downe, come > vp, meete two doubles, fall backe, and then honour.
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Handley Page Halifax bombers 5 November 1944 In parallel with the Shadow Factory scheme, the London Aircraft Production Group (LAPG) was formed in 1940 by combining management of factories and workshops of :Chrysler at Kew, :Duple, :Express Motor & Bodyworks Limited, :Park Royal Coachworks and :London Transport. The major activity of the group was the production of Handley Page Halifax bombers for the RAF, ammunition, gun parts, armoured vehicles and spare parts for vehicles. The group was led by London Transport from their works at Chiswick, Aldenham Works and the new De Havilland factory at Leavesden, Hertfordshire, which had a large purpose-built factory and airfield (construction of both was authorised on 10 January 1940) for production, assembly and flight testing of completed Halifax bombers. The following list of eight members of the London Aircraft Production Group was published in March 1945: This includes LAPG members with factories at Preston, Speke and Stockport.
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The London Transport site at Elstree had originally been bought for the Northern line extension to Bushey Heath, as part of the 1930s New Works Programme."London Transport Workshops at Aldenham" Railway Gazette 2 November 1956 page 526 Construction of the railway extension was underway and the tube depot was partially complete at the outbreak of World War II. The railway works were stopped and the site was modified for use as an aircraft factory, producing Handley Page Halifax bombers as part of the London Aircraft Production consortium, together with Handley Page, Duple, Park Royal and London Transport. After the war, the construction of the railway extension was not restarted and the plan was finally dropped in September 1949. With the wartime bus fleet worn out and the existing Chiswick Bus Works struggling to cope, it was decided to redevelop the site for bus overhaul, specifically body and chassis structures, with Chiswick continuing to specialise in the running units (engines, gearboxes, etc.).
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Duple Dominant bodied Leyland Tiger in Liverpool in 1982 in the original livery Midland Mainline High Speed Train at London St Pancras Travel London Alexander ALX400 bodied Dennis Trident 2 at Trafalgar Square in April 2008 In 1972 the state owned National Bus Company decided to bring together the scheduled coach services operated by its bus operating companies in the United Kingdom under one brand. Sir Frederick Wood, a prominent businessman and industrialist, was asked to oversee the creation of this new business model and led the group as its chairman from 1972 to 1978. Initially branded as National, the National Express brand was first used in 1974.National Express Group: Our History National ExpressNational Express Group PLC and Saltire Holdings Ltd Monopolies and Mergers Commission February 1994 page 3 With the privatisation of the National Bus Company in the 1980s, National Express was subject to a management buyout in March 1988.
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One of Mundy's most famous works, ' (Voice of the heavenly Father), is a complex antiphon on the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, referencing the Song of Songs and other scripture and literary works related to the Assumption. Most musicologists definitively date ' to the brief English counter-reformation during reign of Queen Mary (1553–58) due both to its subject matter and Catholic style. English tenor and historian of Tudor music, Nicholas Robertson cites ' as "the culmination of the great antiphon tradition" and describes its structure as beginning "with two voices only, expanding to a trio before the full choir enters with éclat in the second half, now in duple instead of triple time, the solo sections are enlarged in scope, climaxing in a "gymel" (derived from the Latin for twin) where two equal treble voices soar above the rich accompaniment of double alto and bass", and praises it as "elaborate and virtuosic, the range daunting".
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Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) received four Dennis Jubilant prototypes for evaluation, they were fitted with KMB's own bodywork (utilising parts from British Aluminium Company) and entered service in 1977/78.Hong Kong seeks trad deckers Commercial Motor 11 November 1977 After the trial of the prototypes, KMB introduced 209 Jubilants with Alexander KB bodywork between 1979 and 1981, and 150 Jubilants with Duple Metsec bodywork between 1981 and 1982.Luxurious deckers Commercial Motor 8 December 1978KMB sees double Commercial Motor 1 November 1980Taking the lid off buses in boxes Commercial Motor 9 May 1981"Hong Kong Buses Part 3: Kowloon Motor Bus" Fleetline issue 249 July 1997 page 119 China Motor Bus (CMB) in Hong Kong ordered 30 Dennis Jubilants with Alexander CB bodywork, they entered service in 1980.Dennis Jubilant Bus Lists on the Web One Jubilant chassis was delivered to Cape Town, South Africa and was fitted with bodywork supplied by Bus Bodies (South Africa) Limited.
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Launched at the end of 1959, the Cavalier was ahead of the opposition in many if not all respects. Certainly its outside appearance was of classic beauty combining curves, sharp angles and peaks in harmony, which combined with understated use of bright trim in a way that made it stand out from the opposition by combining style with good taste, the double curvature windscreen was not only wholly in line with the style of the body but it helped night-time coach drivers by dispelling interior reflections. The Plaxton Panorama (launched in production guise in 1959) had a basically rather boxlike shape and a very flashy grille, but it did pioneer Smiths Instruments 'jet-vent' forced ventilation system allowing fixed windows and a cleaner side outline. The Duple Britannia (1956, on its third facelift for the 1960 season) had an excessively droopy outline and tiny windows, and was very little different from Duple's gaudy Super Vega/Yeoman/Corinthian for cheap coach chassis.
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Bakers Dolphin Harrington Legionnaire bodied Bedford VAL During 1961 Vauxhall Motors told British coachbuilders about its new design to be produced from the end of 1962. The Bedford VAL was a twin-steering chassis with a long front overhang designed for an entrance ahead of the steering axles, a unique feature of the type was that the wheels were only 16-inch in diameter, which in turn reduced the floor height of bodied examples, the radiator was mounted at the front and immediately behind it was the 125 bhp Leyland O.400 engine. The Harrington Legionnaire was a square-rigged body with straight waistrail and five deep windows per side, one less than the Duple Vega Major and one more than the Plaxton Val. It also differed from the Cavalier and Grenadier by having plated window surrounds, there was a large brightwork grille and twin headlights, a Grenadier style front windscreen was used with a similar sized one at the rear.
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Halifax has its 4 Merlins overhauled in a dispersal in Melbourne, East Riding of Yorkshire :English Electric in Preston :London Passenger Transport Board — made the centre section and installed fittings and equipment for the front part of the fuselage :Rootes Securities in Speke :Chrysler Motors — rear part of the fuselage :Express Motor and Body Works — intermediate wings and tail-plane :Duple Bodies and Motors — the shell and components for the front part of the fuselage :Park Royal Coachworks — outer wings :Fairey Aviation Company in Stockport from May 1941 they took responsibility for final erection followed by the test flight and their first aircraft was airborne before the end of 1941. They were allotted their own aerodromes instead of sending aircraft to the Handley Page aerodrome. At peak the group involved 41 factories and dispersal units, 660 subcontractors and more than 51,000 employees, Ultimately output rose to 200 Halifaxes a month and the group provided something like 40 per cent of the nation's heavy bomber output. Halifax bombers dropped more than 200,000 tons of bombs.
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It is a matter of course that this intellectual flux and reflux, this perpetual giving and receiving takes place unconsciously, and with the rapidity of lightning flashes. Only that music can yield truly aesthetic enjoyment which prompts and rewards the act of thus closely following the composer’s thoughts, and which with perfect justice may be called a pondering of the imagination.” Chapter 6: Music in its Relation to Nature Hanslick suggests, “Melody is the ‘initial force,’ the life-blood, the primitive cell of the musical organism, with which the drift and development of the composition are closely bound up”; both melody and harmony are “achievement[s] of man.” Rhythm, however, and in particular duple meter, he believes is found in nature: “It is the only musical element which nature possesses, the first we are conscious of, and that with which the mind of the infant and the savage becomes soonest familiar.” He continues to posit that music is a product of the mind, having no precursor in nature.
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The original Viceroy was deliberately angular in its styling, with its chrome trim laid out to accentuate the raked window pillar and the stepped window line at the cantrail. Production of the new Viceroy range began at Hendon in late 1966 for the 1967 sales season, on Bedford VAL/VAM and Ford R192/R226 chassis. Bodies on the 32-foot VAM and R192 could seat up to 45 passengers, whereas the longer 36-foot Viceroy 36 on the VAL and R226 seated up to 52. Initially the Viscount body remained in production at Blackpool, but it was soon eclipsed by the Viceroy and was dropped after the 1967 season, by which time production of the Viceroy 36 on the three-axle Bedford VAL chassis had already been transferred to Blackpool. For the 1968 and 1969 seasons Blackpool also built Viceroy 36/37 bodies on the R226, leaving the Hendon factory with the shorter VAM and R192 Viceroys and the smaller Duple models until its closure in early 1970, whereupon all manufacture was transferred to Blackpool.
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This rhythm has been described as the alternation or superposition of a duple meter and a triple meter (6/8 + 3/4), and its utilization was widespread in the Spanish territory since at least the 13th century, where it appears in one of the Cantigas de Santa María (Como poden per sas culpas). Hemiola or Sesquiáltera is also a typical rhythm within the African musical traditions, both from the North of the Continent as from the South. Therefore, it is quite probable that the original song-dances brought by the Spanish to America already included elements from the African culture with which the black slaves that arrived to the Island were familiar; and they further utilized them in order to create new creole genres. The well known Son de la Ma Teodora, an ancient Cuban song, as well as the first Cuban autochthonous genres, Punto and Zapateo, show the Sesquiáltera rhythm on their accompaniment, which greatly associate those genres to the Spanish song-dances from the 16th to the 18th centuries.
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1911 preserved bus 1927 preserved bus 1931 preserved bus 1947 preserved bus 1951 preserved bus Bedford SB / Duple Vega 1957 preserved Bristol VR MkI / ECW 1969 preserved Leyland National 1976 preserved MCW MkII 1983 preserved MB minibus 1995 preserved Preserved bus convoy line up organised to mark the relaunch of a bus route in Winchester Busways bus 111. The vehicle was obtained by the group from Busway's successor company, Stagecoach North East, who allow them to work on it and store it at one of their depots when not being exhibited AEC Routemaster RM912 partially restored Acton depot of the London Transport Museum In common with cars and trucks, preservation of buses in the United Kingdom is a hobby activity enjoyed by many people, both actively or passively. The active preservation and operation of preserved buses is undertaken by private individuals, organised trusts or societies, and even commercial operators. The preserved bus fleet in the UK includes dating from the earliest pre-war models right up to models manufactured after the year 2000.
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Lefteris Bournias is the founder and leader of Apollo Orchestras, serving the Greek-American Community with quality, traditional, and modern Greek music as well as American music. He specializes in the duple Syrto (Syrtos) and the Tsifteteli, both music styles of the Greek island Chios and tours annually to the island to perform in festivals. Lefteris Bournias is also the founder and leader of the Kavala Brass Band, which plays Greek music from the region of Florina and Edessa in Western Macedonia and annually performs at the Zlatne Uste Golden Festival in Brooklyn. He is a member of the Meandros Ensemble, featuring the urban music of Constantinople (Istanbul) and Smyrna, performs with Electra Curtis, a violinist who fuses Greek and Arabic music in the Elektra Ensemble as well as with the Middle Eastern group Shusmo. Notable performances include: Zorba the Greek performed with NY Pops, orchestrated by the legendary jazzman, Skitch Henderson at Lincoln Center, and a clarinet solo during the debut of Cuban percussionist/composer Roberto Rodriguez’s Orquesta Sarabia, a 10-piece group of "All World Music" at the David Rubinstein Atrium at Lincoln Center.
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The gavotte is first described in the late 16th century as a suite or miscellany of double branles danced in a line or circle to music in duple time, "with little springs in the manner of the Haut Barrois" branle and with some of the steps "divided" with figures borrowed from the galliard. The basic gavotte step, as described by Arbeau, is that of the common or double branle, a line of dancers moving alternately to the left and right with a double à gauche and double à droite, each requiring a count of four. In the double branle these composite steps consist of; a pied largi (firm outward step), a pied approche (the other foot drawn near to the first), another pied largi and a pied joint (the other foot drawn against the first). In the gavotte's double à gauche a skip (petit saut) is inserted after each of the four components; the second pied largi is replaced by a marque pied croisé (the following foot crosses over the left with toe contacting the floor); the final pied approche is replaced by a grève croisée (the right foot crosses over the left, raised).
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Walter Alexander-bodied Mercedes-Benz O405 as operated by SBS Transit Singapore Bus Services ordered 700 Mercedes-Benz O405 to replace its first batch of Mercedes-Benz OF1413s between 1990 and 1992. They were bodied by Alexander PS and Duple Metsec (OAC (original air- con) and NAC (non-aircon)). The non air-con buses were later converted to air- con buses in 1998-99. All were withdrawn from 1 March 2008 to 3 June 2011 with all replaced by Scania K230UB. A few O405s were shipped to Thailand and were rebodied whereas the rest of them were scrapped; one unit, SBS468K, was converted into a "Molly" mobile library registered as XD2037B by the National Library Board but has since been replaced by an ex-SBS Transit Volvo B10M in 2012. SGBuses.com SMRT Buses Hispano Habit bodied Mercedes-Benz O405G Trans- Island Bus Services bought Mercedes-Benz O405 with Hispano Carrocera (both with and without air-con, although the latter was retrofitted with air-con later on) and Volgren CR221 bodies to replace the ageing Hino RK176, Nissan Diesel U31F and Hino HT228KA from 1994 to 1999.
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Duple and Plaxton had offered a 43-seat plan within the older length limits, but their seats were a bit skimpier on padding and even so came close to infringing legal minimum length requirements. During 1962 the original Cavalier was still offered as was the Cavalier 36, to the new maximum length. The 315 carried most of its extra length in a longer first side window, whilst the 36 ft version had this plus an extra shallower window just aft of the first bay which unlike the rest of the side glazing had a horizontal lower edge, the waistrail now resuming its dip at the third bay, this saved on the cost of extra tooling and made the Cavalier a truly modular range of coach bodies although it certainly did not look that way, the longer first bay window, to the same depth as the windscreen and with a forward sloping pillar made the front of the 315 coach look better balanced. Although the longer version was not as happy as the extended Panorama, tending to look slightly 'droopy' it neither looked as fussy as Blackpool's Continental, or Addlestone's Castillian nor was it quite as distracting as the Europa or Fiesta at the new length.
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