There are known kimberlite pipes within the rift valley that are considered to be diamondiferous.
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In the east of the Russian Arctic, in the Yakutsk diamondiferous province, a super-giant deposit of the Udachnaya pipe is being developed, which provides more than half of Russian diamond mining.
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The Drybones Bay kimberlite pipe is a diamondiferous diatreme in the Slave craton of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is the largest diatreme discovered in the Northwest Territories.A seismic signature of the Drybones Bay kimberlite pipe, N.W.T.
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The Buffalo Head Terrane (BHT) is a terrane in the western Canadian Shield in northern Alberta. It is covered by of Devonian and Cretaceous sediments and its centre is intruded by the 88–86 Ma kimberlites of the diamondiferous Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite province.
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The Jericho pipe is a diamondiferous diatreme in the Slave craton of Nunavut, Canada, located northeast of Yellowknife near the northern end of Contwoyto Lake.Primitive Magma From the Jericho Pipe, N.W.T., Canada: Constraints on Primary Kimberlite Melt Chemistry It is home to the now closed Jericho Diamond Mine.
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Near the town is the Tsabong kimberlite field, one of the largest diamondiferous kimberlite fields in the world. Tsabong is the site of Botswana’s coldest recorded temperature, registering a temperature of -15.0°C (5.0°F). The town is served by Tshabong Airport. The Botswana Prison Service (BPS) operates the Tsabong Prison.
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The Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite field is a group of kimberlitic volcanic pipes or diatremes in north-central Alberta, Canada. As of 2011, 41 kimberlite pipes, of which 28 are diamondiferous, had been identified in the field. They were emplaced during Late Cretaceous to early Paleocene time. As of 2014 the Buffalo Head Hills field is in the exploration stage and has not gone into production.
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Kimberlites are the most important source of primary diamonds. Many kimberlite pipes also produce rich alluvial or eluvial diamond placer deposits. About 6,400 kimberlite pipes have been discovered in the world, of those about 900 have been classified as diamondiferous, and of those just over 30 have been economic enough to diamond mine. The deposits occurring at Kimberley, South Africa, were the first recognized and the source of the name.
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There are known kimberlite pipes that are considered diamondiferous in the area that could lead to future mining. Temagami North sits on the western shore of Net Lake, where people can go canoeing, fishing, and boating. The main arena of Temagami is situated near the shore of Net Lake and is used seasonally for hockey and curling. In 2005, the roof of the arena collapsed inward from snow weight during winter.
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K252 pipe is a diamondiferous diatreme in the Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite field of Northern Alberta, Canada. It is thought to have formed about 85 million years ago when this part of Alberta was volcanically active during the Late Cretaceous period.Emplacement characteristics of Late Cretaceous and Paleocene pyroclastic and injected kimberlites in northern Alberta, Canada It contains pyroclastic textures and is intruded into Cenomanian and Albian aged strata.
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As Guangcen Li puts it in a 1990 paper, "the ophiolites appear to be covered in turn by a transgressive marine detrital Upper Jurassic to lower most Cretaceous series." The Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences has conducted studies in the area, identifying "diamond orebodies of diamondiferous ultrabasic rock type in Dongqiao and Lhobsa of Amdo County, northern Tibet." The village of Dongqiao is noted for its hot spring, Jipu.
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Jwaneng diamond mine, the richest diamond mine in the world. The mining of diamonds is especially important to Botswana's economy accounting in 2007 for over a quarter of the country's GDP. Indeed, Botswana was the leading global diamond producer by value and second only to the Russian Federation in terms of volume. There are more than 20 kimberlite pipes, mostly of Cretaceous age, in Botswana, though the especially diamondiferous Jwaneng pipe dates from the Permian.
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It takes 10 acres (40,000 m²) of Karoo to feed a sheep, but it was now possible that a few square metres of diamondiferous blue ground would be able to feed a dozen families. By the end of 1871, a large population had already gathered on the diamond fields, and immigration increased dramatically, which brought in many newcomers. Among the first to seek a fortune on the diamond fields was Cecil Rhodes.
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The area is composed of 18 kimberlite pipes of the Attawapiskat kimberlite field, 16 of which are diamondiferous, the Victor Mine sits on top of the Victor pipe and mines from Victor Main and Victor Southwest which have appeared close enough to the surface to be used in an open-pit mine. The Victor Kimberlite is a composition of pyroclastic crater facies and hypabyssal facies, and is considered to have a highly variable diamond grade.
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The majority of the BHH kimberlites are diamondiferous, in contrast to those of the Birch Mountains kimberlite field to the northeast which are mostly barren of diamonds. Based on petrography and whole-rock geochemistry, the BHH pipes are classed as Group 1A kimberlites. They have a low carbonate content, low abundances of late-stage minerals such as phlogopite and ilmenite, and a high abundance of fresh, coarse olivine.Eccles, R.D., Heaman, L.M., Luth, R.L. and Creaser, R.A. 2004.
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The Falconbridge-Superior joint venture then funded a research program by South African geochemist John Gurney, to study possible indicator minerals for diamondiferous pipes. By 1982, Gurney had established that the kimberlite pyrope garnet "G10" was critical to diamond discovery. Pipes without the G10 garnet were likely to be barren. Using this new technology, the venture discovered a promising pipe in eastern Botswana, but lost the land to De Beers, who later discovered a commercial diamond deposit there.
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The Misery Kimberlite Complex is a diatreme cluster in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It was formed approximately 56 million years ago by several overlapping explosive eruptions and intrusions. All seem to have been structurally controlled by zones of weakness related with faults, dikes and a major contact in the Archean basement.The geology of the Misery kimberlite, Ekati Diamond Mine The Misery Kimberlite Complex is associated with a field of diamondiferous kimberlites called the Lac de Gras kimberlite field.
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Other processes, such as volcanic activity and geologic faulting in which the earth cracks open also contributed to the formation of these mountains. Over millions of years, these enormous mountains were gradually eroded to the land as we know it today in Temagami. The rocks that form Temagami to this day are igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary. The area has good potential to host diamondiferous kimberlites and more diamond bearing kimberlites may continue to be discovered in the area.
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Andrѐy V. Sinitsyn (18 May 1939 - 27 December 2014) was a Soviet/Russian geologist, geochemist and philosopher. Through the re-examination of exotic rocks that had been discovered but neglected by other geologists, Sinitsyn identified these rocks as kimberlites and that the Archangel region of the Soviet Union was diamondiferous. Based on this research he led teams that discovered the Lomonosov and Grib diamond mines, the latter considered to be one of the largest diamond mines in the world.
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The Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite field is an atypical diamond deposit. The lack of indicator minerals such as harzburgitic garnet suggests a mantle composition different from those of other diamond occurrences. An unusual occurrence of Type II and Type IaB diamonds is indicative of a sub-lithospheric origin, such as a subducting oceanic slab, and the presence of a lherzolitic garnet suggests a formation depth of some . 26 of the 38 kimberlite pipes in the Buffalo Head Hills kimberlite field are, nevertheless, diamondiferous.
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They mined 5 million tonnes in 2017. A more conservative view on future production performance and grades could bring forward the economic shut-off criteria. An exploration decline was constructed at a cost of A$70 million to evaluate the economics of mining diamonds from the diamondiferous pipes below the floor of the open pit; these reserves would be mined underground (by block caving), rather than the open-pit method currently used. In late 2005, Rio Tinto Ltd concluded that the operation was economically feasible.
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The identified sources of minerals relate to diamondiferous kimberlites in the East Saharan craton and metamorphic belts with potential for gold in the southern region of the country. Large gypsum deposits have produced 150,000 tons per year for the manufacture of cement. Other sources include sulfur extraction (about 13,000 tons/year) as a byproduct of refining petroleum and natural gas. Iron ore from Wadi ash- Shati', approximately from the sea, is also of note, with a reserve identified of 795 million tons of 52% grade.
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The Temagami area has good potential to host diamondiferous kimberlites and more diamond bearing kimberlites may continue to be discovered in the area. The Temagami area also contains some pillow lava about 2 billion years old, indicating that great submarine volcanoes existed during the early stages of the formation of the Earth's crust. There are a number of northwest trending faults in the Temagami East claim block area and are associated with the Saint Lawrence rift system and remains seismically active. The most recently felt earthquake in the Temagami area occurred in the year 2000.
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The Northern Alberta Kimberlite Province (NAKP) consists of three groups of diatremes or volcanic pipes in north-central Alberta, Canada, most of which are kimberlites and some of which are diamondiferous. They are called the Birch Mountains (BM), Buffalo Head Hills (BHH), and the Mountain Lake cluster (ML), and they were discovered between about 1990 and 1997. Most of the diatremes were emplaced during the Late Cretaceous Epoch (Turonian to Maastrichtian stages) although a few are as young as early Paleocene.Boyer, L., McCandless, T., Tosdal, R. and Russell, K. 2008.
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Pyrope (from the Greek pyrōpós meaning "firelike") is red in color and chemically an aluminium silicate with the formula Mg3Al2(SiO4)3, though the magnesium can be replaced in part by calcium and ferrous iron. The color of pyrope varies from deep red to black. Pyrope and spessartine gemstones have been recovered from the Sloan diamondiferous kimberlites in Colorado, from the Bishop Conglomerate and in a Tertiary age lamprophyre at Cedar Mountain in Wyoming. A variety of pyrope from Macon County, North Carolina is a violet-red shade and has been called rhodolite, Greek for "rose".
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Apart from gold, which is the main sources of the economy of the country, diamond is also extracted from Kéniéba region ( away from Bamako) and many more prospected kimberlite pipes with diamondiferous are yet to be put into production stage. Phosphate is mined from the Tilemsi Valley, but to a limited extent. Other established mineral resources are: Bauxite reserves of 1.1 billion tons from three locations between Kéniéba and Bamako; iron ore reserves of 146 million tons of 50% Fe grade, mostly from Ble; and manganese reserve of 10 million tons at Asongo. Semi precious stones extracted are amethyst, epidote, garnet, prehnite, and quartz.
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Along this portion of its course, the adjacent Vaal River, and earlier generations of rivers and erosion processes, have cut through and swept away a vast mass of Karoo rock and sediment, to re-expose the volcanic Andesite landscape formed 2.7 billion years ago and shaped by glacial action 300 million years ago. At one time – when the diamondiferous pipes penetrated to the surface between 120 and 90 million years ago – it is estimated that about 1 km of Karoo sediment overlay the Kimberley-Barkly West area. Diamonds were eroded out of these pipes and caught in pockets of sediment and gravels which, once discovered, changed the course of modern South African history. Since 1869, the various gravels along the Vaal River have been worked intensively for their content of high-grade alluvial diamonds.
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These hookah diving systems usually limit the hose length to allow less than 7 metres depth. The exception is the gasoline engine powered unit, which requires a much higher level of training and topside supervision for safe use. A notable exception to this trend are the inshore diamond diving operations on the west coast of South Africa, where hookah is still the standard equipment for diamondiferous gravel extraction in the hostile conditions of the surf zone, where the water temperature is usually around 8 to 10 °C, visibility is usually low, and is often strong. Divers work shifts of about two hours with a crowbar and a suction hose, are heavily weighted to stay in place while working, and the standard method of ascent is to ditch the weighted harness and regulator and make a free swimming ascent.
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The Attawapiskat kimberlite field is a field of kimberlite pipes in the Canadian Shield located astride the Attawapiskat River on Attawapiskat First Nation land. It is thought to have formed about 180 million years ago in the Jurassic period when the North American Plate moved westward over a centre of upwelling magma called the New England hotspot, also referred to as the Great Meteor hotspot. The area is composed of 18 kimberlite pipes of the Attawapiskat kimberlite field, 16 of which are diamondiferous; the Victor Mine sits on top of the Victor pipe and mines from Victor Main and Victor Southwest which have appeared close enough to the surface to be used in an open-pit mine. The Victor Kimberlite is a composition of pyroclastic crater facies and hypabyssal facies, and is considered to have a highly variable diamond grade.
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