His successor Donald Trump, however, has been dialling back the changes.
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They said dialling back rate hike expectations has diminished the dollar's strength.
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Two of the board members were overseas, dialling in from remote time zones.
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Oil markets have already adjusted to the Iran sanctions, gradually dialling back imports in preparations.
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Experts say it will provide a more relaxed, intimate experience when dialling into the boardroom.
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Google, meanwhile, is in the process of dialling up its designs on the health space.
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Comment from discussion [PSA] Dialling 911 may reboot your OnePlus 5 (x-post from /r/OnePlus).
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Sewing is all about switching off, and dialling in to your project, whatever that may be.
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On both sides of the Atlantic regulators are fast dialling up their scrutiny of the tech sector.
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But with growth and inflation stronger, pressure is mounting on the ECB to start dialling back its lavish stimulus.
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Before talking politics over the phone, Saudis take precautions, such as using virtual private networks and encrypted dialling services.
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Still, some did say they were dialling down bets on equities amid lingering uncertainty on how the crisis would unfold.
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It is a bit like constantly dialling and redialling a single phone number, in order to prevent other calls arriving.
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But with US authorities fast dialling up their scrutiny of Mountain View, Aptoide may find a new audience for its complaint.
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People have spent years dialling their own flavor combinations into the machine, and the lesson was simple: The people demand Sprite Cherry.
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But some investors said they were dialling down bets on equities amid the uncertainty over what economic toll the coronavirus would take.
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"Many chose a mass-market strategy instead of a niche one," and are dialling back to focus on specific segments, he said.
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Although keeping fetuses alive at the equivalent of 23 weeks is an impressive technical achievement, what about dialling back the clock even further?
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Francis, dialling in from his home office, was wearing a plaid shirt and sitting in front of a painting of a clipper ship.
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When he arrived, Democratic leaders told him exactly how many hours of each day to spend in a boiler room dialling for dollars.
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"But Pyongyang shows no appreciation for this, keeping its own exercise schedule unchanged, conducting provocative weapons tests, and dialling up its rhetoric," he said.
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Subdued inflation has left the BOJ well behind its counterparts in dialling back stimulus, including the United States where monetary policy had a bigger impact.
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"Voice is how we most naturally communicate, and push-to-talk and radio-style communication is instant, no dialling or waiting," said Zello CEO Bill Moore.
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Earlier this week Stevens said there were limits to what monetary stimulus could achieve, including "dialling up" economic growth or pushing inflation higher in short order .
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Investors are wondering whether weaker growth and inflation in the euro zone this year will test the ECB's resolve in dialling back its aggressive stimulus measures.
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Even with the European Central Bank dialling back its stimulus, the dulling of a once-rosy growth outlook and political tensions made "boring" look attractive again.
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Investors have been dialling back riskier positions and buying bonds over the last week, worried about the coronavirus and the economic uncertainty it may lead to.
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In most cases, energy professionals would be better served by dialling back on the heated rhetoric and exploring the issues more calmly and with an open mind.
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The Bank of Japan said it will lag well behind the Fed in dialling back its massive stimulus programme, with inflation far from its 2 percent target.
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If liberals want to save globalisation and a rules-based order, they need to think hard about how to reform it—and this probably involves dialling back integration.
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After appealing to supporters by dialling in to broadcasters on a cellphone, Erdogan received reports that people were taking to the streets and decided he needed to move.
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The SNB has been on the sidelines in recent months, dialling back its currency interventions to 2.3 billion francs in 2018 from 48.2 billion francs a year earlier.
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Fitch considers that returning to a structural balance could be difficult in the event of weaker than anticipated revenue growth and/or challenges in dialling back spending measures.
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Instead of dialling to these, people in need of help can now just call 112, which will direct the call to the relevant departments and agencies for immediate help.
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Well, the ride-hailing company has been testing a new emergency phone line in 22 cities, that you can reach by dialling 800-353-8237 (that's 800-353-UBER).
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All of these internal conflicts are folded into an emotional narrative of Shakespearean proportions replete with breakups and hookups, navel-gazing and drunk dialling, concerns of allegiance and backstabbing.
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With years of unprecedented stimulus finally lifting inflation, the ECB has been dialling back support, but only by the smallest of increments, fearing that bigger moves risked unravelling its work.
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And yet, subdued inflation has left the BOJ well behind other major central banks in dialling back crisis-mode policies, leaving it with little ammunition to battle the next recession.
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The second is the increased complexity of the modern racing car, and the perception that the settings they're dialling in to their steering wheel is more important than actually steering it.
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As a result, chipmakers are now dialling up performance by, among other things, increasing the size of processors that inhale data to train AI services, from facial recognition to drug discovery.
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That's what Australian radio host Hamish Blake did, by dialling a number belonging to a guy called James Lord, to see if he'd be his personal reference for an accounting job.
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Such claims of course remain to be tested in the wild but Paragraf isn't dialling down the hype vis-a-vis the transformative potential of baking graphene into next-gen electronics.
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Although he did not put a figure on exact sales to date of the Kano PC. He also confirmed Kano will be dialling back the range of products it offers next year.
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Amid concerns the trade dispute could affect other areas such as rare earths and capital markets, China on Tuesday vowed a tough response if Trump insists on dialling up the pressure with more tariffs.
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Having revived euro zone growth, the ECB has been dialling back its support in tiny increments, fearing that any big change could unravel its work and force an embarrassing and economically damaging policy reversal.
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Elsewhere, most markets were quiet ahead of Tuesday's BoJ meeting where it could hint at dialling down its stimulus, and Wednesday's Fed meeting which is expected to tee up another U.S. interest rate hike.
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While China has been angered by North Korea's repeated nuclear and missile tests, it has also called for the United States and its allies to help lessen tension by dialling back their military drills.
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At the June meeting, the BOJ kept monetary policy steady and downgraded its assessment on inflation, reinforcing views Japan will lag well behind its U.S. and European peers in dialling back crisis-mode policies.
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Policymakers are expected to raise their economic growth forecasts but cut their rosy inflation outlook, sources say, reinforcing expectations it will lag well behind major global central banks in dialling back its massive stimulus programme.
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As US regulators gear up to launch another antitrust probe of Google's business, an alternative Android app store is dialling up its long time complaint of anti-competitive behavior against the search and smartphone OS giant.
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Having revived euro zone growth with lavish stimulus, the ECB has been dialling back support in tiny increments, fearing that any big change could unravel its work and force an embarrassing and economically damaging policy reversal.
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The European Central Bank's ultra-easy monetary policy carries risks and the side effects are growing with time, but dialling back stimulus depends on sound public finances, said Weidmann, who sits on the ECB's Governing Council.
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A group of my friends, each of whom had been on the phone with me, one after the other, all through the morning, when I'd been alone and dialling wildly, had got busy calling one another.
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He learned practices such as random-digit-dialling theory, which is used to conduct polls, and he was influenced by "Precision Journalism," a book by Philip Meyer that encourages journalists to learn survey methods from social science.
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Policymakers are expected to raise their economic growth forecasts but cut their rosy inflation outlook next week, sources say, reinforcing expectations it will lag well behind major global central banks in dialling back its massive stimulus programme.
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FRANKFURT, March 8 (Reuters) - The European Central Bank reaffirmed its ultra-easy policy stance on Thursday but dropped a promise to increase bond purchases if needed, taking another small step in dialling back its extraordinary stimulus measures.
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But the continued depreciation of the dollar this year, accelerated by the U.S. Treasury Secretary's comments welcoming a weaker dollar, as well as signs that central banks will begin dialling back their stimulus, have fired up currency markets.
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The Brexit campaign has been a carnival of bad-tempered distortion and exaggeration; even the brutal murder one week before the vote of Jo Cox, an anti-Brexit MP, failed to shame many partisans into dialling down the invective.
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Dialling 12345 from anywhere in the country connects a caller to the local government switchboard, whose operators should (in theory) put them through to someone who can answer questions, whether they be about schools, housing or any other local-government business.
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And yet, subdued inflation has left the BOJ well behind its U.S. and European counterparts in dialling back crisis-mode policies, leaving it with little ammunition to battle an abrupt yen spike that could derail an export-driven economic recovery.
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And yet, subdued inflation has left the BOJ well behind its U.S. and European counterparts in dialling back crisis-mode policies, and with a dearth of ammunition to battle an abrupt yen spike that could derail an export-driven economic recovery.
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And yet, subdued inflation has left the BOJ well behind its U.S. and European counterparts in dialling back crisis-mode policies, and with a dearth of ammunition to battle any abrupt yen spike that could derail an export-driven economic recovery.
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LONDON (Reuters) - The Japanese yen rose to a five-month high on Tuesday on the back of broad-based selling of the dollar and speculation the Bank of Japan could be close to dialling back record levels of monetary stimulus.
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But a number of analysts have begun to highlight the chances of ECB policymakers, three of whom speak on Tuesday, expressing concern about euro appreciation - or simply dialling down any more rhetoric on tightening - if the currency gets much higher.
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Those concerns have pulled the rug from under the pound over the last two weeks, prompting traders to sell the currency against the euro and the dollar aggressively and dialling up expectations of Britain crashing out of the EU without a deal.
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Pressure is mounting on the ECB to start dialling back its lavish stimulus, but last week it kept its policy stance steady, even leaving the door open to more easing, arguing underlying inflation is not showing any signs of a convincing upward trend.
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The European Parliament is instructing managers to prepare for all but a minority of staff to work remotely for 70% of the week as of next Monday — dialling up its response to Covid-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-193 virus.
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LONDON, Jan 28 (Reuters) - Vanguard is considering dialling down exposure to oil producers within its emerging market debt fund as China's outbreak of coronavirus feeds into concerns that global economic growth could be set to slow, an executive at the asset manager said.
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Those concerns have pulled the rug from under the pound over the last two weeks, prompting traders to sell the currency against the euro and the dollar aggressively and dialling up expectations of Britain leaving the EU without a deal to smooth the transition.
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He spent thousands of hours dialling for dollars from stuffy cubicles a few blocks from Congress (federal property may not be used for fundraising), working from call-sheets with personal details about his prey: past donations, their spouses' names, or where he last met them.
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As expected, the Bank of Japan kept monetary policy steady earlier in the day and pushed back again the timing for achieving its 2 percent inflation target, reinforcing expectations it will lag well behind major global central banks in dialling back its massive stimulus programme.
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The footage of their visit to the NPR offices made it online today, and it sees the band, whose fifth album After Laughter came out back in May, dialling back the usual force of their live show in favour of something a little more subtle.
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She had been turfed out of Downing Street after 11 years and found it painfully difficult to readjust to a life without secretaries and dogsbodies on tap; former members of staff started to get phone calls from her garage, where bodyguards would help with the dialling.
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More ways to silence your phoneScreenshot: GizmodoThere may well be times when you need to silence your phone, and Android P gives you a new one, besides dialling down the volume manually or flicking around for the Do Not Disturb icon in the Quick Settings pane.
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Playing an exuberant, up-tempo, aesthetically pleasing game built around suffocating defence, whiplash-inducing ball movement and unprecedented volumes of long-distance shooting—with many of Mr Curry's volleys launched from far enough to merit an international dialling code—the Dubs seemed to have broken the sport.
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At the time, there was little to stop bosses from dialling clocks back to steal time, or from charging employees for the water they drank, but the women won holidays, raises, a shorter workweek, and, at many factories, the recognition of their union, the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union.
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"The feel-good factor appears to be driven by a number of factors including better than expected economic data, as well as the dialling back of trade tensions between the U.S. and China as the low-hanging fruit of a phase one trade deal was being signed off," said Michael Hewson, chief market analyst at CMC Markets.
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And even though America's panicked friends have been this week, as the New York Times put it, "blindly dialling in to Trump Tower to try to reach the soon-to-be-leader of the free world", Trumpian assurances of support have been growing for the alliances that China resents but that have reinforced American power in East Asia since the second world war.
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When an adult tells him that his father is with Allah, and upon realizing that 786 is "Allah's number", Hamid decides to reach out to God by dialling the number, which happens to belong to Abhay (Vikas Kumar), a CRPF soldier posted in Kashmir who is resentful that he has to deal with armed militants and hostile locals on a daily basis.
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Towards Cleckheaton are Hightown, Littletown and Popeley Hill. Liversedge has a Wakefield postcode (WF15). Some areas have a Wakefield dialling code (01924) while others have a Bradford dialling code (01274).
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Telephone numbers in the Faroe Islands use a closed dialling system.
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Yes uses the native dialling prefix identifier of 018 and 011-1.
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With pulse dialling, New Zealand telephones pulse in reverse to the UK - dialling 0 sent ten pulses, 1 sent nine, 2 sent eight, 3 sent seven, etc. in New Zealand, while in the UK, dialling 1 sent one pulse, 2 sent two, etc. In the early years of 111, the telephone equipment was based on British Post Office equipment, except for this unusual orientation. Therefore, dialling 111 on a New Zealand telephone sent three sets of nine pulses to the exchange, exactly the same as the UK's 999.
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The code is used at 170 telephone exchanges as part of the largest linked numbering scheme in the United Kingdom. In common with all other British area codes the initial '0' is a trunk prefix that is not required when dialling London from abroad. The 020 dialling code is also used by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Telecommunications Network, provided by Global Crossing, and is one of two dialling codes for the remote South Atlantic island of Tristan da Cunha. In the Dutch telephone numbering scheme, the 020 dialling code is also used for Amsterdam.
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The dialling code for here is 01939 and the postcode is SY4 3xx.
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Dubai Civil Defense can be reached in case of an emergency by dialling 997.
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Arctic Monkeys drummer Matt Helders with the dialling code in his drum kit In 2013, Matthew Helders, drummer of Sheffield band Arctic Monkeys, added the 0114 dialling code to the cover of his drum kit, as an ode to the band's hometown.
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Country code: +353 International call prefix: 00 Trunk prefix: 0 This is a list of telephone dialling codes for Ireland. Fixed- line telephone users do not need to dial the dialling code when they are contacting someone else within their own area.
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The Pincode of Chizami is 797102 and dialling code is 03865-264225 with Kohima head office.
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The Big Number Change addressed various issues with the telephone dialling plan in the United Kingdom, during the late-1990s and early-2000s. The first was an update to a small number of geographic dialling codes in response to the rapid late-1990s growth of telecommunications and impending exhaustion of local numbers in several cities. The change greatly expanded the pool of available numbers within those places while retaining 'local dialling' (the ability to dial local numbers directly, without needing to dial an area code first). The change affected the dialling codes assigned to Cardiff, Coventry, London, Northern Ireland, Portsmouth and Southampton, culminating in a large switch on 22 April 2000.
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Logo used in informational material. PhONEday was a change to the telephone dialling plan in the United Kingdom on 16 April 1995. It changed geographic area codes and some telephone numbers. In most areas, a "1" was added to the dialling code after the initial zero.
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Calls to the rest of Indonesia, including those to mobile phones, require international dialling. Following the liberalization of the telecommunications industry, new carriers are assigned new carrier-specific codes for international and regional trunk call services. The codes 020 and 011 are assigned to the incumbent carrier SingTel. The other two major carriers, M1 and StarHub, do not offer any special dialling arrangements for calling to Malaysia and Indonesia, instead requiring full international dialling, the same as calling other countries.
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01527 is the national dialling code for Redditch in the United Kingdom. Before PhONEday the area code was 0527. The mnemonic for 0527 corresponds with LA 9 where LA could have been taken from the letters L and A in Lapworth, a small village in Warwickshire close to Redditch but not served by the 0527 dialling code. The original dialling code for Redditch was 0739, with the mnemonic RE 9 where RE are taken from the letters R and E in Redditch.
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Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) was also added from 1958, which allowed subscribers to dial their own long-distance calls.
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Amenities at Nandgaon Railway Station include: computerized reservation office, subscriber trunk dialling/public call office booth, waiting room, retiring room.
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Rapid expansion of mobile and premium rate services quickly filled up number ranges on dialling codes that had not been allocated as STD codes, and there was a need to expand the number of dialling codes available in the future. Combining exchanges into ELNS and 'mixed' areas freed up a limited number of codes.
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Because of the high volume of calls between the Republic of Ireland and the UK, international direct dialling was possible before the formal introduction of International Subscriber Dialling in either country. Calls were processed through the domestic STD networks and passed between the two networks as trunk traffic, without the need for international gateway exchanges.
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By 1935, message routing was the last great barrier to full automation. Large telegraphy providers began to develop systems that used telephone-like rotary dialling to connect teletypewriters. These resulting system was called "Telex" (TELegraph EXchange). Telex machines first performed rotary-telephone-style pulse dialling for circuit switching, and then sent data by ITA2.
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The installation of Unit Automatic Exchanges (UAX) from 1937 introduced local dialling codes for the first time outside the Director areas: subscribers could dial calls to and from nearby exchanges directly using short dialling codes. Unlike Director codes or modern dialling codes, the code for a specific destination would vary from exchange to exchange: for example, the local code for Totnes was 997 from Bigbury, but 882 from Blackawton and 86 from Paignton. Trunk calls (long-distance calls beyond the local call charging area) still required connection by an operator.
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The United Kingdom adopts an open dialling plan for area codes within its public switched telephone network. Therefore, all area codes have a preceding "0" when dialling from within the United Kingdom. When dialling a UK number from abroad, the zero must be omitted. Because of this, it has become common (but incorrect) practice to write telephone numbers used both nationally and internationally with the 0 in parentheses, for example: +44 (0)20 7946 0234; if the number is dialled with the parenthesised zero, the call will fail.
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Amenities at Badnera railway station include: subscriber trunk dialling/public call office booth, waiting room, retiring room, and light refreshment stall.
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Having completed the switchover to numbers rather than letters, the six British cities on the Director system were first given access to transatlantic dialling in 1971 which enabled callers from Manchester to ring directly to any US mainline number by prefixing the call with '0101'. International Direct Dialling (IDD) was not made available nationwide until 1982.
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Land line phone numbers in Kenya follow the format Area Code + Phone Number. To dial a number within an Area and/or City, only the Phone Number needs to be dialled. When dialling from a different Area/City, the telephone number is dialled in the format 0 + Area Code + Phone Number. When dialling from overseas, the 0 is omitted.
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The programme was broadcast live throughout the Baltic region and Sweden. In 2009, Kevans released his debut single "Dialling Tone" on IRL Records. Olivia Cole of the Sunday Times called the single a "Catchy debut single".Olivia Cole, Sunday Times 11 November 2007 The video for "Dialling Tone" stars Russell Tovey as an irresponsible boyfriend staying out all night.
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Geographic telephone numbers in the UK always have nine or ten digits after the 0 trunk code or +44 international dialling prefix.
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While physically in North Yorkshire and under the council of North Yorkshire, it has a West Yorkshire postal town and dialling code.
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In 2000, Victor Reis at HEAnet, Egon Verharen at SURFNet and Steve Williams at The Welsh Video Network began meeting by IP videoconference to discuss the requirements for an international H.323 videoconferencing dialling scheme that would allow E.164 dialling, avoiding clashes through the duplication of number spaces. Tim Poe from the University of North Carolina joined this meeting bringing USA involvement through VIDEnet and the NASM group. It was envisaged that the GDS would be in place only for a few years until SIP/e-mail address dialling was adopted by vendors - in 2012 the GDS is still in use.
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In the majority of areas, the area code still corresponds to the original STD letter code. When dialling from abroad, the 0 prefix is not dialled. When dialling within the same area, the area code is not needed, save for a handful of areas that do require this. When calling from a mobile telephone, the area code is always needed.
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Sky also have their own service accessible from dialling 123 from a Sky telephone line. Dialling 123 from a few mobile services also obtains a speaking clock service such as O2. The Giffgaff network uses the same service as O2. The service is not available on the 3 mobile telephone network, as they use 123 as the number for their voicemail services.
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The term subscriber trunk dialling is used in the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Australia, India and South East Asia. The corresponding term in the North American Numbering Plan (i.e. in the United States and Canada) is direct distance dialing. The term was extended when, on 8 March 1963, subscribers in London were able to directly dial Paris using international direct dialling.
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01932 is the national dialling code for Weybridge in the United Kingdom. Before PhONEday the area code was 0932. The mnemonic for 0932 corresponds with WE 2 where WE are taken from the letters W and E in Weybridge. In common with all other British area codes the initial '0' is a trunk prefix that is not required when dialling from abroad.
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The country code top-level domain for Martinique is .mq, but .fr is often used instead. The country code for international dialling is 596.
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In common with all other British area codes the initial '0' is a trunk prefix that is not required when dialling Consett from abroad.
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Amenities at Ahmednagar railway station include: computerized reservation office, subscriber trunk dialling/public call office booth, waiting room, retiring room, vegetarian refreshments, and book stall.
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Dialling, (dialing in US English), is the action of initiating a telephone call by operating the rotary dial or the telephone keypad of a telephone.
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When the dialler completed the read, it would raise pin 5 to indicate it was ready for another. The "digit" 10 represented a wait- for-dialtone, while 11 indicated the end of the number. Once the entire dialling string had been read to the dialler, the DTE would start dialling by raising pin 4. While the RS-366 standard process was progressing, the Hayes Smartmodem was introduced.
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The following telephone numbers in Kenya are destination codes for international calls terminating in Kenya as well as the procedures for dialling internationally from within Kenya. Until 1999, Kenya shared its telephone numbering plan with Tanzania and Uganda, meaning that to make calls between the three countries, subscribers needed only dial the area code and number, a legacy of the East African Post and Telecommunications Corporation (EAPTC) which was dissolved in 1977. As a result of the reorganisation of Tanzania's numbering plan in that year, direct dialling was discontinued, although calls between the three countries do not require international dialling, only a special three-digit code.
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Bijoy Phone uses the following numbering scheme for its subscribers: +880 605 N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8 where 880 is the International Subscriber Dialling Code for Bangladesh and is needed only in case of dialling from outside. 605 is the access code for Bijoy Phone as allocated by the Government of Bangladesh. Omitting +880 will require to use 0 in place of it instead to represent local call, hence 0605 is the general access code.
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Telebarta uses the following numbering scheme for its subscribers: +880 36 N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8 where 880 is the International Subscriber Dialling Code for Bangladesh and is needed only in case of dialling from outside. 036 is the access code for Telebarta as allocated by the Government of Bangladesh. Omitting +880 will require to use 0 in place of it instead to represent local call, hence 036 is the general access code.
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029 is the current telephone dialling code for Cardiff, as well as for the neighbouring towns of Penarth, Dinas Powys and Caerphilly. The dialling code is optional when dialling within the area: one can dial between any two phones within the 029 code using only the eight-digit local number. Prior to the Big Number Change on 22 April 2000 the area had shorter, six-digit local numbers with an area code of 01222 (0222 before May 1995). There remains a common misconception that local numbers are still six digits long and that the code is 02920, even though there are newer Cardiff numbers in the ranges (029) 21xx xxxx and (029) 22xx xxxx.
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For many years, calls dialled between nearby exchanges often required 'local codes' to select the most direct call route, rather than dialling the STD codes. Demand for telephone lines has grown and exchanges have been modernised, so many subscriber numbers have been lengthened and highly localised STD codes have been rationalised into wider area codes. Such was the demand for lines in London that the city's telephone area was first split into two separate dialling codes, before being merged again with a short dialling code and long subscriber numbers. Meanwhile, a need to find numbers for special services, such as mobile telephones and information services, initially led to confusion with traditional telephone numbers.
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The implementation of all-figure dialling and new local exchange codes in director areas allowed changes to be made to routing of calls into and out of these areas.
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Bubbly is a social voice service working across feature phones and smartphones. For feature phones, users can record their voice by dialling a short code and speaking, as well as listen to popular posts. Subscribers get a text with the short code number for dialling into Bubbly’s servers to have the voice message play back. To cater to smartphone users, Bubbly was made available on iOS and Android platforms in April 2012.
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To call within Georgia you should dial: 0 - Destination area/mobile network code - Subscriber's phone number Within one geographical zone you should dial directly subscriber's phone number. Dialling rules from mobile networks are different. To call another mobile number, you should dial directly prefix and number, without national dialling code: Mobile network code - Subscriber's phone number For calls to landline phones from mobile networks, the same rules apply as for calling from landline phone.
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Kurduvadi railway station has a public call office booth with facilities for subscriber trunk dialling, refreshment stalls serving vegetarian and non-vegetarian food, retiring room, waiting room, and book stall.
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With Lithographic Illustrations and Revolving Diagrams, 1860. # The Hebrew and Greek Scriptures compared with Oriental History, Dialling, Science, and Mythology. Also the History of the Cross gathered from many Countries, 1870.
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Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom have a flexible structure that reflects their historical demands, starting from many independent companies through a nationalised near-monopoly, to a system that supports many different services, including cellular phones, which were not envisaged when the system was first built. Numbers evolved in a piecemeal fashion, with numbers initially allocated on an exchange-by-exchange basis for calls connected by manual operators. Subscriber numbers reflected demand in each area, with single digit telephone numbers in very rural areas and longer numbers in cities. Beginning with London's director system, a need to automate telephone dialling resulted in every exchange being allocated either a unique Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) code or unique range of numbers within a wider dialling code area.
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At the same time, international direct dialling was being introduced and as other countries (such as the USA) had different assignments of letters to digits the opportunity for confusion existed. An earlier modification to get round this problem for European dialling was the addition of the letter Q to the digit 0, which previously represented only the letter O. This was because some French exchanges had alphabetic codes including Q, but in the event France moved to all-digit codes before direct dialling from the UK was introduced. The use of alphabetic exchange (area) codes was abandoned in the UK in 1966 in favour of all figure numbering. Nevertheless, about 60% of current area codes are still based on the original alphabetic STD codes.
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01489 is the national dialling code for Hamble Valley in the United Kingdom. Before PhONEday the area code was 0489, with the mnemonic HV 9 where HV are taken from the letters H and V in Hamble Valley – an unofficially recognised geographic area surrounding the River Hamble in Hampshire. The dialling code is rarely ever referred to as Hamble Valley (and its name appears to be generally unfamiliar to the residents of the area that it serves), but is instead referred to as Botley, or less frequently (except by residents of the immediate area) as Bishop's Waltham or Locks Heath. In common with all other British area codes the initial '0' is a trunk prefix that is not required when dialling from abroad.
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E. C. Middleton, who had been engraving dialling scales from about 1895, supplied dialling scales accompanied by a typewritten instruction book from Birmingham in 1913– these were the scales calculated by Serle. The North American Sundial Society has printed facsimiles of both the Serle and Middleton books. The Middleton dial appeared without explanation in the 1994 Encyclopedia de Diderot et Alembert (French). Further work has done on these rulers by F.W. Cousins, and by Fred W Sawyer from 1997–2009.
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From June 2005, new local numbers in London with an initial "3" like (020) 3222 1234 began to be allocated. Owing to the lingering confusion, people unaware of the correct format are beginning to assume erroneously that there is now a new London code, "0203". Even some local and national newspapers have given this misinformation. Some people report mis- dialling of London 3xxx xxxx numbers, where callers are dialling 0207 in front of the local number part instead of just 020.
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In common with all other British area codes the initial '0' is a trunk prefix that is not required when dialling from abroad. Redditch is one of a small number of dialling codes which still retains 5 figure telephone numbers. 01527 60000 to 69999 are located on Redditch (Old Town) telephone exchange. They are the successors to 07392 60000 to 69999, and prior to STD the original 4 figure numbers on the manual telephone exchange which served Redditch until the early 1960s.
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Most non-geographic numbers use prefixes recovered from former use as geographic area codes. For previous uses of prefixes such as 0345, 0800 and 0990, see: List of dialling codes in the United Kingdom.
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His voice is heard on the telephone by dialling +1 613 745 9426 and the CHU shortwave radio time service of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC/CNRC), announcing the time in French.
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At national level, a closed numbering system of seven digits is used. That is, all subscriber numbers requested to the same operator Telecom Malagasy (local and national) can be obtained by dialling seven digits (ZPQMCDU).
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Telephone dialling codes in the United Kingdom This is a list of telephone dialling codes in the United Kingdom, which adopts an open telephone numbering plan for its public switched telephone network. The national telephone numbering plan is maintained by Ofcom, an independent regulator and competition authority for the UK communications industries. This list is based on the official standard, but includes defunct codes and historical changes, including the derivation of the two letter identities, in cases where known. — contains largely the same information as this page.
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In July 1662, he was fascinated by the thirteenth-century work of Johannes de Sacrobosco, De sphaera mundi, and on 12 September 1662 observed his first partial solar eclipse. Early in 1663, he read Thomas Fale's Horologiographia: The Art of Dialling, which set off an interest in sundials. In the summer of 1663, he read Wingate's Canon, William Oughtred's Canon, and Thomas Stirrup's Art of Dialling. At about the same time, he acquired Thomas Street's Astronomia Carolina, or A New Theory of the Celestial Motions (Caroline Tables).
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The continued operation of the system presented a number of problems. As STD was expanded to non-director areas, every telephone which had been issued with no letters on the dials needed to be altered for alphanumeric dialling. With the growth of subscriber dialled international calls from abroad and the incompatible allocation of letters to numbers on foreign dials, there was an increase in the number of dialling errors. In London the number of three letter codes that could be used to represent exchanges had been exhausted.
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In somewhat archaic applied mathematics, dialling is the mathematics required to create a sundial face to determine solar time based on the position of the sun. Those skilled in the art were referred to as dialists or gnomonists, the latter derived from the word gnomon, which was a device that used a shadow as an indicator. The mathematician William Oughtred published a book, Easy Method of Mathematical Dialling, around 1600.Answers article about William Oughtred Samuel Walker (1716–1782) was a Yorkshire mathematician and diallist.
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Escalators at Jalgaon Railway Station Amenities at Jalgaon railway station include: computerized reservation office, subscriber trunk dialling/public call office booth, waiting room, retiring room,Elevators, Escalators, vegetarian and non-vegetarian refreshments, and a book stall.
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All-figure dialling was a telephone numbering plan introduced in the United Kingdom starting in 1966 that replaced the traditional system of using initial letters of telephone exchange names as the first part of a telephone number. The change primarily affected subscriber numbers in the cities of Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Liverpool, London and Manchester. The transition to all- figure dialling occurred between 1966 and 1970 and was initiated by the General Post Office. It was one of the first in a series of changes in the organisation of British telephone numbers.
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Smaller areas use three digits with a six-digit subscriber number. Geographic numbers are allocated in blocks to telecommunications providers. However, a telephone number from a block allocated to a certain provider may no longer be serviced by the original assignee due to number portability; subscribers who switch providers can take their number with them. When dialled within the Netherlands, the domestic trunk access code 0 must be dialled before the telephone number, extending the dialling sequence to 10 digits. If dialling from overseas, the 0 (Zero) in front of the prefix must be omitted.
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A subscriber would have to dial 0 for the operator and then request a long-distance call. As STD was introduced area by area the meaning of the 0 changed; it was now the trunk prefix used to raise a call automatically to the trunk dialling level, what telephone companies now call a National call. The new code of 100 was introduced for calling an operator. The leading 0 is not part of an area code, which is why international callers dialling into the UK must not dial it.
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This no longer possible everywhere in the NANP by 1995. In areas using toll alerting, where long-distance calls are identified by a trunk prefix (a leading 1-) to be distinguishable from flat-rate local calls, all toll calls must be dialled with the area code. Some local calls require ten-digit dialling, either across area code boundaries in a split plan or within the same community in an overlay plan. This may mean that no standard numbers are reachable without dialling an area code in some localities.
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In November 2012, local dialling was removed for calls within the 01202 area allowing subscriber numbers beginning 0 or 1 to be issued locally and buying more time before an additional area code or code change is required.
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The speaking clock in New Zealand is run by the Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand. The service is reached by dialling 0900 45 678 (calls are 99c per minute). MSL has been running the service since 1989.
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Note: In the UK, Text relay service used to be called typetalk (RNID) but have since merged with the phone line using the dialling prefix 18001 (TTY) or the 18002 (voice relay). The emergency line is 18000 (TTY).
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0191 is the UK telephone dialling code used by Newcastle, Durham, Sunderland and other nearby areas in the north east of England.0191 numbers and the 0191 area code – UK Area Code Finder. Area-codes.org.uk (31 August 2010).
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After September 12, 2008, seven-digit dialling was no longer functional.Ten-digit dialing coming to all of B.C. Overlays have become the preferred method of relief in Canada, as they offer an easy workaround for the number allocation problem.
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Telecommunications improved dramatically after the Falklands War, when an earth station was installed to allow direct dialling for the first time. In 1997, an Internet service was launched and by 2002 nearly 90% of Falkland homes had Internet access.
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BT provides fixed ADSL enabled (50 Mbit/s) telephone lines. The subscriber trunk dialling code for Northallerton is 01609. TalkTalk and EE are other LLU Operators in the town as of July 2009. These businesses are regulated by Ofcom.
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The Vibe Z originally ran Android 4.2.2 "Jelly Bean". It now comes with Android 4.3 and Lenovo has announced an upgrade to 4.4 Lenovo customized the dialer in order to facilitate one handed dialling. Lenovo has also included numerous proprietary apps.
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Telephone numbers in United Arab Emirates [UAE] follow a closed telephone numbering plan. is assigned an international dialling code of +971 by ITU-T. Telephone numbers are fixed at seven digits, with area codes fixed at two or three digits.
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Bruntsfield falls primarily within the EH10 postcode district, and most of the area's telephone dialling codes (within the Edinburgh 0131 area code) are 228, 229, 447, 477 or the newer 452 (introduced in the 1980s). 656 is also now used.
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The dialling code for Horam is still listed as 'Horam Road'. Vines Cross is named after John Vyne, who was a local vintner in 1595. Like many other settlements on the Weald, Horam was involved in the Wealden iron industry.
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In the early 1980s Telecom Australia would install multiple phone sockets in premises as requested, but charged a rental fee per socket, to cover installation and maintenance. In this era the ringing tone was generated by electro-mechanical bells in each phone and with pulse dialling then in use, the 6xx series plugs and sockets supported separation of the bell circuit. This was to avoid a bell tinkling noise during dialling, from any on-hook phones in the circuit. The standard multi-extension wiring in residential premises thus used 3 wires of the 4 wire cable.
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0114 is the national dialling code for Sheffield in the United Kingdom. The area it serves includes almost all of the City of Sheffield and some adjacent areas. When STD codes were first introduced, Sheffield was assigned the mnemonic 0SH2 (which corresponded to 0742 on a rotary dial), later changing to the corresponding numbers upon the introduction of All-Figure Dialling in the area. Instead of the expected 01742 code, Sheffield's area code changed to the current 0114 code on 16 April 1995, along with 4 other cities in England (Leeds; 0113, Nottingham; 0115, Leicester; 0116 and Bristol; 0117), as part of PhONEday.
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Cain's voice was recorded optically onto the glass disks in a similar way to a film soundtrack. The service was obtained by dialling the letters TIM (846) on a dial telephone, and hence the service was often colloquially referred to as "Tim". However this code was only used in the telephone systems of the cities of London, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. Other areas initially dialled 952 but with the introduction of subscriber trunk dialling it was changed to 808 and later 8081 as more 'recorded services' were introduced and was standardised to 123 by the early 1990s.
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Customers who made no choice or refused to respond to the mailout campaign automatically remained as a Telstra long-distance customer. Customers who remained with Telstra could dial the override code of 1456 before the area code and phone number to manually select Optus as the carrier for that single call. Since 1 July 1998, consumers have the choice of preselecting their preferred long- distance carrier or dialling the override code before dialling a telephone number. The group began by building an interstate fibre optic cable and a series of exchanges between Optus' interstate network and Telstra's local network.
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PeoplesTel uses the following numbering scheme for its subscribers: +880 38 N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8 where 880 is the International Subscriber Dialling Code for Bangladesh and is needed only in case of dialling from outside. 38 is the access code for PeoplesTel as allocated by the Government of Bangladesh. Omitting +880 will require to use 0 in place of it instead to represent local call, hence 038 is the general access code. Although 038 has been allocated to PeoplesTel, 0381 is the local code for BTCL in Lakhipur and BTCL is in the process to phase out these numbers.
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The telephone exchange in Didsbury, built 1961 By the early 1960s, following the introduction of Subscriber Trunk Dialling, the number of possible exchange name permutations were running out in London and the potential expansion of international direct dialling (where different letters were assigned to alternate numbers than those on UK phones) called for the creation of an alternative, modern system of numbering. Called All Figure Numbering, the first three letters of the exchange name (e.g. CENtral) were to be permanently replaced by digits (in this example: 236). The first six places to introduce the system were the Director cities including Manchester – the process began in 1966. London was allocated the simplest primary code of ‘01’. Manchester was then given a new dialling code of ‘061’, the number 6 corresponded with the letter ‘M’ on the dial (The 2 of Birmingham's 021 corresponded with B, Edinburgh's 031 with E, Glasgow's 041 the G and Liverpool's L with the 5 giving 051).
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Champadanga area Telephone Exchange with dialling code 03212 serves: Begampur, Bhagabatipur, Champadanga, Chanditala, Dihi-batpur, Dwarhatta, Piyasara, Gopinagar, Haripal, Harinkhola, Jangipara, Jinpur, Dulalbati, Mashat, Nalikul, Rajbalahat, Shaympur, Pratiharpur, Loknath, Tarakeswar, Talpur, Taukipur and Mayapur. WCDMA and LTE network are also available here.
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In the United States, the demand for telephone service outpaced the scalability of the alphanumeric system and after introduction of area codes for direct- distance dialing, all-number calling became necessary. Similar developments followed around the world, such as the British all-figure dialling.
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Subscriber Trunk Dialling was introduced in 1958 to allow subscribers to dial trunk calls without operator assistance. Uniform exchange codes, usually called STD codes, were allocated for every exchange in the country progressively as STD was rolled out. This process was not completed until 1979.
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A telephone number in Belgium is a sequence of nine or ten numbers dialled on a telephone to make a call on the telephone network in Belgium. Belgium is under a closed telephone numbering plan, but retains the trunk code, "0", for all national dialling.
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They are used for mobile telephone networks and other designated service types, such as toll-free dialling, Internet access, voice over IP, restricted audiences, and information resources. In addition, special service numbers exist for emergency response, directory assistance, and other services by the public authorities.
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Dublin uses the shorter (01) code which is not further subdivided. Other cities and major towns usually have codes ending in 1. Cork for example is 021, Galway 091, Limerick 061 etc. The leading zero is always omitted when dialling from outside the country.
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By October 1969 in Edinburgh 79% of calls were being made using the new local exchange codes, in London 72% and in Glasgow 43%. London was the first to withdraw the ability to dial the old codes in January 1970 and from April the parallel operation was withdrawn in the other five cities. The change to all-figure dialling was controversial and was debated in both Houses of Parliament. Among the criticisms of the new system was the perceived difficulty in remembering telephone numbers, the inability to easily recognise where a telephone number was located and the need for a change so soon after the implementation of subscriber trunk dialling.
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The country calling code for Bangladesh is +880. The dial plan type in Bangladesh is closed, and "0" is the Trunk prefix. When dialling a Bangladesh number from inside Bangladesh, the format is: "0 – Area/operator code (X) – subscriber number (N)" When dialling a Bangladesh number from outside Bangladesh, the format is: "+880 – Area/operator code (X) – subscriber number (N)" The subscriber number is the number unique to each individual telephone/mobile following the area/operator code. The Area/operator codes in Bangladesh are listed below, with a typical number format, where "X" denotes the Area/Operator code and "N" denotes the individual subscriber's telephone/mobile number.
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Irish area codes vary in length, between one and three digits (excluding the leading `0`), and subscribers' numbers are between five and seven digits. As optional local dialling is facilitated, Irish geographic numbers cannot begin with 0 (trunk prefix), 1 (special number prefix) or 999 (emergency services). However, mobile numbers use the full range of digits, as local dialling is not supported on mobile networks, and the area code must always be dialled. A migration to a standard format, `(0xx) xxx xxxx`, is in progress; however, to avoid disruption, this process is only being carried out as needed, where existing area codes and local numbering systems have reached full capacity.
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Leybourn later expanded and clarified this in his 1657 work Arithmetick, Vulgar, Decimal and Instramental. In 1669 Leybourn authored The Art of Dialling, a book on the use of sun-dials and astrolabes in determining the position of vessels at sea. The contemporary expansion of the Royal Navy and Merchant Marines created a significant demand for such manuals, and The Art of Dialling was well written, easy to understand and cheaply produced. Leybourn's 1693 work Panarithmologia, being a mirror for merchants, breviate for bankers, treasure for tradesmen, mate for mechanicks, and a sure guide for purchasers, sellers, or mortgagers of land, leases, annuities, rents, pensions, etc.
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Premium rate numbers in Mexico are served by Telmex and start with the dialling prefix 01-900, where 01 is the domestic long-distance prefix and 900 is the premium- rate area code. These numbers are usually used for the same purposes as in the United States.
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The 01207 national dialling code for Consett in the United Kingdom. The area it serves includes almost the entire former district of Derwentside. When STD codes were first introduced, Consett was assigned 0207. The current 01207 code became active as part of PhONEday on 16 April 1995.
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When STD codes were initially assigned, Consett was given the mnemonic code CO7 (corresponding to 207 on the rotary dial). With the transition to all-figure dialling which ended the practice of representing STD codes with letters in 1966, and including the trunk prefix, this became 0207.
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The dialling code for Dromore, like the rest of Northern Ireland, is 028. Local landline numbers typically appear in the format 028 9269 xxxx. The town's local telephone exchange falls under the Lisburn telephone exchange code, which prior to the Big Number Change in 2000, used area code 01846.
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Canditv utilises a standard mobile phone to interact with content displayed on any public video display in order to deliver content to the customer. By dialling a number that is displayed on screen, the customer can interact with the displayed content via the appropriate keypress on their phone.
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All subscriber numbers within the area code consist of six digits. The code is used at eight telephone exchanges as part a linked numbering scheme. In common with all other British area codes the initial '0' is a trunk prefix that is not required when dialling Romford from abroad.
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The style will be at the same angle as the latitude. It can be simply drawn using the Line of Chords scale on the dialling ruler. A set of compasses is extended to the 60° point on the line of chords. A radius is drawn from the substyle.
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For example, on a social platform a supplier of sports gear promises the first 20 callers a free bicycle helmet. The lapse of this information is significant. Then, after the 20th reader has called, the information value drops down to zero. Dialling the phone number is considered the processing.
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When telephone systems were first introduced, subscribers called a telephone exchange and asked a human operator to connect the call to another subscriber on the same exchange; calls to other exchanges were originally not possible. Later it became possible to dial numbers on the same exchange; calls to other exchanges (trunk calls) were possible, but had to be connected by an operator. When subscribers in one area became able to dial non-local subscribers, the term used for the innovation was subscriber trunk dialling. In the UK, STD started before 5 December 1958 when the Queen, who was in Bristol, publicised it by dialling Edinburgh - the farthest distance a call could be directly dialled.
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There are no area codes in Iceland, and all telephone numbers have seven digits. The international dialling code is +354. Due to the Icelandic naming system, people are listed by their first name in the telephone directory, and not by their last name (which is usually patronym, or, rarely, a matronym).
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All subscriber numbers within the area code consist of seven digits. The code is used at several telephone exchanges as part of a linked numbering scheme. In common with all other British area codes the initial '0' is a trunk prefix that is not required when dialling Sheffield from abroad.
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When phones moved to electronic ringers and tone dialling, the additional socket wiring using pins 3 and 5 was no longer needed for suppression and the use of only pair one, with white on pin 2 and blue on pin 6 became the standard socket wiring, until being superseded by the modular connector.
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Subscriber trunk dialling (STD, also known as subscriber toll dialing) is a telephone system allowing subscribers to dial trunk calls without operator assistance. The term was introduced when it first became possible for long- distance calls to be dialled directly, and is now rarely used where calls to any destination can be dialled.
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With the introduction of International Direct Dialling in the 1970s, Gibraltar was allocated its own IDD code, +350, by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which was accessible from any telephone network outside Spain. However, although physical connectivity existed between Gibraltar and Spain, the Spanish government prohibited its national operators from recognising this code. When direct dialling from Spain was introduced, Gibraltar was treated as part of the Spanish telephone numbering plan, with callers from Spain having to dial 956 (the area code for the adjacent province of Cádiz) followed by the digit 7, and the subscriber's five digit landline number in Gibraltar, which could only begin with the digits 4, 5 or 7. Consequently, only 30,000 numbers available in Gibraltar could be dialled directly from Spain.
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Telkom (previously known as Telkom Mobile, changing from 8ta in 2013) is a South African mobile telecommunications company. Telkom Mobile was launched in October 2010 and is owned by Telkom. Telkom phone numbers use the 0811 to 0819 dialling prefixes. Telkom Mobile's competition in South Africa includes MTN, Vodacom, Cell C and Virgin Mobile.
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This article details the dialling protocol for reaching Hungarian telephone numbers from within Hungary. The standard landline number consists of 6 numerals except those in Budapest which have 7 numerals, as do mobile numbers. Before keying the subscriber number required, a caller may need to enter a domestic code (06) and an area code.
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Area codes 778, 236, and 672 are overlay area codes for the Canadian province of British Columbia. They overlay the existing area codes, 604 and 250, simultaneously, requiring ten-digit dialling throughout the province. The area codes also serve the United States community of Hyder, Alaska, which sits along the Canada–United States border near the town of Stewart.
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The 0114 dialing code includes the whole of Sheffield except for Midhopestones area which uses the Barnsley 01226 dialling code and the Fox House area which uses dialing code 01433. The codes extends beyond the City of Sheffield to include the Killamarsh area of North East Derbyshire and the Aston, Aughton, and Ulley areas of Rotherham.
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The Traffic Wales website has five live traffic webcams on the Capel Llanilltern – Culverhouse Cross Link Road (Trunk Road) and the images are updated every 5 minutes. Traffic Wales also operates a Traffic Information Hotline, motorists can use this telephone service by dialling an 0845 number, which gives up to date traffic information and travel advice.
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IPKO Telecommunications company has built a network which covers 99.7% of the population of Kosovo and 98.5% of the territory. It started its operations in the mobile on December 14, 2007. Dialling codes for IPKO are: 043, 048 and 049 (einternationally +383 43, +383 48 and +383 49). Identification code (IMSI) of IPKO is 221-02.
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It uses the native dialling prefix identifier of "010", "011 16000000 through 16499999", "016", "0143", "0146" and "0149", although with the implementation of mobile number portability mandated by the Malaysian government this does not apply to subscribers who switched from their old mobile service provider over to Digi. At the moment, switching to Digi is free.
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The services are provided under the national help desk, which has been set up at a cost of Tk 60.50 crore. In the past, dialling 100 would connect to Bangladesh Police, 101 to Rapid Action Battalion, 102 to fire services, 103 to ambulance service and 104 to the Access to Information Programme under the Prime Minister's Office.
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Warid used the following numbering scheme: +8801641667962 Where 880 is the ISD code for Bangladesh and is required when dialling outside the country, 16 was the prefix for Warid allocated by the government of Bangladesh. Omitting +880 would require 0 instead to represent local call, hence 016 was the general prefix and N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8 is the subscriber number.
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Four years later, International Direct Dialling (IDD) services were introduced and the first electronic exchange was commissioned in Johor Bahru. The volume of new development was such that, in the early 1980s, the Department was compelled to appoint contractors to help build new lines and extend the cable network. In terms of systems, the year 1985 was a watershed.
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Overlays became the preferred relief solution in Canada, partly because it is not possible to reassign a number from a smaller rate center to a larger one, even if the smaller rate center has enough numbers to serve it. By 2013, as mentioned above, seven-digit dialling had been eliminated in all eight of Canada's original numbering plan areas.
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Foster Serles Dialling Scales (1638) Foster is credited for producing a set of scales to assist in the laying out of the hour line on a dial. To use them SH and SD must already be known. The scales are placed on the SD line, and lines are drawn using the calculated SH value rather than the actual latitude.
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Ultimately, it was decided to implement an overlay. On March 5, 2001, 416 was overlaid with area code 647, Canada's first overlay code. The implementation of 647 made ten-digit dialling mandatory in Toronto. However, within a decade, both 416 and 647 were close to exhaustion. A new overlay area code, 437, commenced operation on March 25, 2013.
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Teletype 32 terminal with telex dial-up facility Telex (TELegraph EXchange) was a public switched network of teleprinters. It used rotary-telephone-style pulse dialling for automatic routing through the network. It initially used the Baudot code for messages. Telex development began in Germany in 1926, becoming an operational service in 1933 run by the Reichspost (Reich postal service).
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The 1550 edition contains cities, portraits, and costumes. These editions, printed in Germany, are the most valued of this work. Other writings that followed are Horologiographia (a treatise on dialling – constructing sundials, Basel, 1531), and Organum Uranicum (a treatise on the planetary motions, 1536). His Cosmographia of 1544 was the earliest German- language description of the world.
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Several factors caused a shortage of telephone numbers in the 1980s. Both subscriber numbers and dialling codes began to run out. Within existing area codes, the growth in second phone lines, direct dial-in (DDI) lines, fax machines and a need to find number ranges for new telecoms operators caused the demand for telephone numbers to exceed the available number ranges. The removal of local dialling codes freed up some number ranges, and piecemeal addition of digits to the start of subscriber numbers allowed new number ranges to be opened on exchanges with short subscriber numbers, but towns which already used four digit codes and six figure numbers could not add extra digits, because the trunk network could not handle numbers of more than nine digits after the 0 trunk prefix.
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When originally released, the phone came with Android 2.1 as the preinstalled OS. , most phones are shipping with Android 2.2 Froyo. Some carriers allow an update from Android 2.1 to 2.2 via the Samsung Kies software package, that is bundled with the phone. Froyo brought many new features to the phone, including voice dialling. Unofficially, the phone can run Android 2.3.
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Country calling code: +64 International call prefix: 00 Trunk prefix: 0 New Zealand's telephone numbering plan divides the country into a large number of local calling areas. When dialling, if you wish to call a person in another local calling area, you must dial the trunk prefix followed by the area code. Below is a list of New Zealand local calling areas.
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Significant changes were planned to the way calls in and out of the London telephone area were to be handled that required exchange codes to be grouped together into sectors and it was not possible to implement these changes without a transition to all-figure dialling. The General Post Office produced a pamphlet All-Figure Telephone Numbers in 1965 which summarised the problems.
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Onetel uses the following numbering scheme for its subscribers: +880 64 N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8 where 880 is the International Subscriber Dialling Code for Bangladesh and is needed only in case of dialing from elsewhere. 64 is the access code for RanksTel as allocated by the Government of Bangladesh. Omitting +880 requires using 0 instead to represent local call, hence 064 is the general access code.
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Dialing scales were first discussed by Samuel Foster in 1638. P. Pierre Bobynet, a Jesuit drew a scale in his book L'horographie ingenieuse contenant des Connoissances, & Curiositez Agréables dans la composition des Cadrans, in 1647. It was however George Serles 1657 book, Dialling Universal, printed by R & W Leybourn that brought them to popular attention. These scales remained virtually unchanged for 250 years.
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They were lengthened to seven (2L+5N) in the 1950s to accommodate direct distance dialling. The 416 area code has been split twice. The western portion of 416 (including Kitchener) was combined with the southern portion of 613 to form area code 519 in 1953, leaving 416 largely coextensive with the area generally reckoned as the core of the Golden Horseshoe.
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For example, to call mobile number (223) 15 123-4567 (in Mar del Plata) from outside Argentina, the dialling sequence is: +54 9 223 123-4567. Non-geographic numbers such as 0800 or 0810 cannot be called from outside Argentina. Some companies do not publish their geographic number, and can only be called internationally by obtaining it some other way.
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The successful changeover was delayed by subscribers' unfamiliarity with dialling. Bishopgate and Sloane exchanges followed in six weeks, after which came Western and Monument exchanges. Because the London area contained 80 exchanges, complete conversion took many years.The Times (London), 1927; 14 November p9 & 16 November p9 By 1934, the London telephone area comprised all 147 exchanges within of Oxford Circus.
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The Palestinian Paltel telecommunication companies provide communication services such as landline, cellular network and Internet in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Dialling code +970 is used in the West Bank and all over the Palestinian territories. Until 2007, the Palestinian mobile market was monopolized by Jawwal. A new mobile operator for the territories launched in 2009 under the name of Wataniya Telecom.
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The village's main retail area is directly north of a traffic light intersection adjoined by a large set of the village's retirement flats. The village has no high-rise buildings and gained its first place of worship in 1953 (meaning the place meets the conventional criterion for villages in England). Hinchley Wood, also considered a suburb, has the London dialling code 020.
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While many smaller rate centres don't need nearly that many numbers in order to adequately serve their customers, a number could not be assigned elsewhere once allocated to a carrier and rate centre. This resulted in thousands of wasted numbers, and the proliferation of cell phones and pagers only exacerbated this. By 2006, 819 was effectively exhausted except for central office codes that theoretically could have been used in Hull, but could not be assigned without breaking seven-digit dialling between Ottawa and Hull. The situation could have been avoided had some +1-819 versions of the seven-digit Ottawa-Hull numbers been assigned to areas a safe distance from the National Capital Region years earlier. Ten-digit dialling was made mandatory in both 819 and 613 on October 21, 2006, and exchange protection was largely ended.
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Until 1999, Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda shared a telephone numbering plan, in which subscribers were only required to dial the trunk code, area code and number. In that year, this was discontinued following Tanzania's adoption of a new numbering plan, although calls between the three countries only required regional prefixes rather than international dialling. To call Uganda from Tanzania and Kenya, subscribers dial 006 instead of +256.
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Some telecommunications service providers or mobile network operators (wireless carriers) have different international call prefix codes which callers or subscribers can use to route calls through specific networks, sometimes with special pricing arrangements. Many countries also provide alternative dialling arrangements for calls to neighbouring countries. Some of these variations from the generic codes are shown in the list below (but may be out of date).
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Each NHS system has developed ways of offering access to non-emergency medical advice. People in England and Scotland can access these services by dialling the free-to-call 111 number. Scotland's service is run by NHS24. The telephone number for NHS Direct Wales/Galw Iechyd Cymru is 0845 4647, but this service intends to offer access through the 111 number from some point in 2015.
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Zong uses the following numbering scheme: +92 3 1 N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8 Where, 92 is the ISD code for Pakistan and is required when dialling outside the country, 3 is the mobile access code, and 1 is the prefix for Zong allocated by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority. Omitting +92 would require 0 instead to represent local call, hence 031 is the general prefix and N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8 is the subscriber number.
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This piecemeal approach lasted until the 1980s when a shortage of numbers resulted in an overhaul of dialling codes and subscriber numbers. As of 2020, 52 exchanges still have five-digit subscriber numbers of which a dozen places also have unusually long STD codes. One area with a long STD code retains four-digit local numbering (see Telephone Numbers in the United Kingdom for examples).
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Dialling 117 in any city connects to a speaking clock that tells the current time in China. Despite China spanning five time zones, only one time is kept over the country, therefore only one zone related service is required and the same time would be announced regardless of where the call was made. Rates are charged according to the ordinary local number, generally around 0.25 RMB/minute.
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In Ireland, the speaking clock () was first offered by the Department of Posts and Telegraphs in 1970, and was reachable by dialling 1191. Switchboard operator Frances Donegan was the original voice.The Irish Times (Friday, July 24, 1970) At its peak, it received almost three million calls a year (about 8,000 a day). It was shut down on 27 August 2018 due to lack of use.
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For times that are an exact minute, "precisely" is substituted for the seconds portion of the announcement. Similarly, announcements for times between the hour and one minute past the hour substitute "o'clock" for the (zero) minutes. Other operators run their own speaking clocks, with broadly similar formats, or redirect to BT's service. Virgin Media have their own service available by dialling 123 from a Virgin Media line.
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UAE-Israel deal-signing ceremony to be held Sept. 15 in Washington Turkey and Iran both criticised the agreement. On a global level, the agreement emphasises the US-China rivalry in the Middle East, after Iran and China signed their agreement. On 16 August 2020, the UAE for the first time established telephone links to Israel by unblocking direct dialling to Israel's +972 country code.
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A common misconception is that the town is situated in the county of Hampshire rather than Wiltshire. This problem is compounded by the postal code of SP11 and telephone dialling code of 01264 which both signify it to be in Andover, Hampshire. This confusion is perpetuated by companies using automatic addressing systems based upon the post code. The local newspaper is the Andover Advertiser, based in Hampshire.
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Despite being a separate municipal area, like the East Rand, the West Rand is included in the Witwatersrand urban area. To this end, the West Rand shares the same dialling code as Johannesburg (011 locally) and the same metropolitan route numbering system as Johannesburg (and the East Rand). It is not uncommon for residents of the West Rand to work in Johannesburg proper and vice versa.
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In industry jargon, these area codes and prefixes are referred to as NDCs (National Dialing Codes). This is the term used by ComReg and technical documents, as they include non-geographic codes. Historically, like the UK, the term STD code (Subscriber Trunk Dialling) was used. However, the terminology is archaic and is no longer universally understood and should not be used to avoid confusion.
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Warid uses the following numbering scheme: +242 04 X1X2X3X4X5X6X7 Where, 242 is the ISD code for the Republic of Congo and is required when dialling outside the country, 04 is the national destination code for Warid allocated by Agence de Régulation des Postes et des Communications Electroniques, Brazzaville. The subscriber number along with national destination code constitute the national significant number and is nine digit long.
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In the most remote communities, two 0s had to be used to reach a main centre; thus dialling 0+0, plus another 0 would call (at least) an operator. Zero is also the closest to the finger stall on Australian rotary dial phones. This made it quick and easy to dial. It is now well established nationally throughout Australia that persons requiring emergency assistance dial 000.
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During the radio interview singer Robert Diament joked that, In 2010, Temposhark's Knock Me Out gained popularity with gamers thanks to the song being featured on the US computer game website OurWorld in level 6 of the game Dance Planet and Dance Planet Multiplayer. In May 2010, Rob Diament of Temposhark featured in the music video to Will Kevans' single Dialling Tone starring British actor Russell Tovey.
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After the Huawei U2801 was first launched, many people were accidentally pocket dialling 911 due to the SOS feature that can be accessed by pressing the top right corner button. Then to call, just press the top left corner button. This dangerous feature that could not be turned off, which resulted in many complaints to Huawei. Huawei fixed this problem by removing the SOS feature.
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There are now over 660 levels assigned under the 0161 code (second only in the UK to the number assigned under the 020 code for London), although this includes numbers set aside as "Free for National Dialling Only" (for example: 0161 002 xxxx). With more than 200 telecoms operators (the most prolific still being BT,) the 0161 code area also has the UK's second largest number of operators outside the capital.
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The dialing codes used by trunk operators to connect calls were originally assigned and established to ensure speed with pulse dialing equipment. With the advent of subscriber dialed calls, numbering patterns were reassigned to provide for mnemonic methods of improving customer performance. Subscriber trunk dialling (STD) codes all began with 0. The largest cities, which had seven digit local numbers, were allocated special codes - London, 01; Birmingham, 021; etc.
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From 1966, UK telephone dialling codes ceased to be represented with letters. In most areas this did not require any changes to the telephone codes or numbers, e.g. the Sevenoaks STD code changed from 0SE2 to its numerical equivalent 0732. However, in Director telephone areas such as the London telephone area, the changes permitted many new exchange codes to be issued that did not correspond to letters representing the geographic locations.
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In an emergency, dialling 17 will connect the caller to the police. You can also dial the Europe-wide emergency response number 112 to reach an operator for all kinds of emergency services (similar to the U.S. and Canadian 911 system). Non-French speakers may experience a delay while an English speaker is located. In 2014, thousands of demonstrators protested the Israeli-Gaza conflict for over a week.
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The 01633 telephone area code covers the city of Newport and surrounding areas in the United Kingdom. Before PhONEday the area code was 0633, which was originally dialled as "0NE3" where the "NE" were formed from the first two letters of NEwport on the telephone dial. In common with all other British area codes the initial '0' is a trunk prefix that is dropped when dialling from abroad.
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During the argument, Duggie falls several floors when a banister gives way - ironically, due to his own shoddy workmanship. Duggie is critically injured and Richard leaves him to die, opportunistically allowing the incident to remove his unwanted business partner. He panics at first, whipping out his mobile and dialling emergency services. However, he only dials "99" before stopping, then he goes to Duggie's flat to steal the cash Duggie stored there.
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Until 2017, calls to Singapore did not require international dialling; calls were made using the 02 domestic access code. However, following a directive from MCMC, it was discontinued in stages in May and June 2017. It was discontinued early on 16 May 2017 by Telekom Malaysia, and discontinued entirely by other Malaysian telecommunications companies on 1 July 2017. The normal international prefix of 0065 has been made mandatory after that date.
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It is now normal for local calls to cost the same as long-distance UK calls, and is now common, for a small extra monthly charge, to allow free calls to landlines within the UK. This free call allowance does not normally cover calls to the Isle of Man or the Channel Islands, which whilst having UK national dialling codes, are separate telephone administrations. International calling from the UK is deregulated in that many alternative providers allow low-cost international calling by the caller dialling an access code, usually beginning with the digit 1, followed by the full international code. These services generally use Internet-based connections in the same way as computer-based services such as Skype, Friend Caller and many others, but with the added convenience of there being no need to use a computer. It is this use of the Internet for the calls which allows such low prices.
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London postal district shown (in red) against the Greater London boundary The area covered by the London postal district is sometimes referred to as 'Inner London'.HMSO, The Inner London Letter Post, (1980) However it is not coterminous with other definitions of Inner London as its area is somewhat larger and covers 624 km2 (241 sq. miles). The southern part of the London Borough of Lewisham as well as a small part of the Royal Borough of Greenwich fall outside its boundaries whilst 44 of its 119 districts are in Outer London and its irregular shape stretches to the Greater London boundary at Mill Hill and Scratch Wood and beyond it at Sewardstone. From 1990 to 2000 London used two separate telephone dialling codes with one code designated for Inner London, however the area covered by this code was widely different from all of the above definitions and most of Greater London is now covered by a single 020 dialling code.
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American message unit counters generally had four digits, which sufficed because they were only used on local calls and most residential lines did not pay for local calls. Despite the arrival of subscriber trunk dialling (automatic long-distance dialing) in Europe, central offices there continued making and using message registers in the 1970s, designing ones that could register more than one click per second on a trunk call and display five or six digits.
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Damems is a village near Keighley, within the City of Bradford Metropolitan District, West Yorkshire, England. It is in the BD22 postcode area and uses the 01535 dialling code. Until the mid-19th century it was also known as Dam Elms or Dam Ems. Damems railway station The village is served by Damems railway station, opened in 1867, which claims to be Britain's smallest, although it is no longer part of the main rail network.
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Until 1999, Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda shared a telephone numbering plan, in which subscribers were only required to dial the trunk code, area code and number. In that year, Tanzania adopted a new numbering plan. Calls to Kenya and Uganda require a regional prefix rather than having to use full international dialling. To call Kenya from Tanzania, subscribers dial 005 instead of +254, while to call Uganda, they dial 006 rather instead of +256.
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Now that Reading has some (0118) 3xx xxxx, (0118) 4xx xxxx and (0118) 2xx xxxx numbers mis-dialling also occurs when people prefix 3xx xxxx, 4xx xxxx and 2xx xxxx numbers with 01189 instead of just 0118. In all of these areas, the result of the confusion is that callers are adding an incorrect area code to numbers allocated within the new local number ranges, and that then results in a mis-dialled call.
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The parish also has a small, triangular village green containing a war memorial and was once the site of the village stocks. Woolton Hill also has a local village shop and post office and has "The Chase" which is administered by The National Trust. The dialling code is 01635, the postcode is RG20, part of the postal district of Reading, also in Berkshire. The district council, Basingstoke and Deane, is in Hampshire.
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01708 is the national dialling code for Romford in the United Kingdom. The area it serves includes almost all of the London Borough of Havering and some adjacent areas. When STD codes were first introduced, Romford was assigned 0708 and 0402 was used for the rest of the current code area. After a sequence of changes in the early 1990s, culminating with PhONEday, the current 01708 code became active on 16 April 1995.
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East Farndon is a small linear village and civil parish about one mile south of Market Harborough in the Daventry district of Northamptonshire, England. The village is close to the border with Leicestershire, and has a Leicestershire post code and telephone dialling code. At the time of the 2001 census, the parish's population was 258 people,Office for National Statistics: East Farndon CP: Parish headcounts. increasing to 307 at the 2011 census.
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Some countries, such as Uruguay, have merged variable-length area codes and telephone numbers into fixed-length numbers that must always be dialed independently of location. In such administrations, the area code is not distinguished formally in the telephone number. In the UK, area codes were first known as subscriber trunk dialling (STD) codes. Depending on local dialing plans, they are often necessary only when dialed from outside the code area or from mobile phones.
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Overlays were a new concept at the time, and somewhat controversial due to the requirement for ten-digit dialling. However, Bell and other telephone companies pressed for an overlay. They wanted to spare their customers the expense and burden of having to change their numbers, which would have required en masse reprogramming of cellular telephones. It would also have been extremely difficult to split Toronto, since it is a single rate centre.
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Huddersfield and the rural areas to the south have HD postcodes, Birkenshaw, Cleckheaton and Gomersal have BD postcodes, and the rest of the Heavy Woollen area has WF postcodes. Similarly the district is split between several telephone dialling codes, with most residents in the 01484 (Huddersfield), 01274 (Bradford) and 01924 (Wakefield) codes. A small number of residents in Birchencliffe and Birkenshaw villages fall within the 01422 (Halifax) and 0113 (Leeds) codes respectively.
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It was overlaid with the new area code 226 on October 21, 2006, at which time ten-digit dialling became mandatory. Area code 548 was added as a third overlay beginning on June 4, 2015. Area code 382 has been reserved as a fourth code for the region. The primary ILEC (Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier) in 519/226/548 is Bell Canada, with numerous other small independent companies that covered vast tracts of rural Ontario.
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A. J. Allmendinger was disqualified from his third-place finish after his car failed post-race inspection. This was the third consecutive week where a driver was disqualified with respect to the 2019 rules. Allmendinger's car failed an engine vacuum test, dialling back the initial 1-2-3 finish for Kaulig Racing to simply a 1-2 finish. Allmendinger was also stripped of his stage points after being relegated to last place.
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Although Northern Ireland is part of the UK numbering plan, a special arrangement exists for calling Northern Irish landlines from the Republic of Ireland. Calls to Northern Ireland can be dialled using the `048` prefix or by dialling the number in the full international format. Most Irish operators treat calls to Northern Ireland at national or even local rates. Similar charging arrangements apply when calling the Republic of Ireland from Northern Ireland.
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In August 1968, Sayle was sent to Prague to cover the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. Fellow journalist Harold Jackson has written of Sayle's ingenuity in getting their stories out of the country. International telephone calls were blocked, and the Russians had seized the Prague telex exchange. Sayle and Jackson discovered that not all of the telex connections were blocked and spent 13 hours dialling "the 10,000 possibilities" to find a working telex code.
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As part of the UMTS Next G deployment, the GSM network was also upgraded to a full EDGE data transmission capability in 2006 providing data transmission capabilities greater than 40 kbit/s on its GSM network. In 1981, Telstra (then Telecom Australia) was the first company to provide mobile telephony services in Australia. The first automated mobile service operated in the major capital cities on 500 MHz using the '007' dialling prefix.
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Within Australia, 000 is a free call from most telephones. Dialling 000 (or 112) on most Australian GSM mobile phones will override any keypad lock, and if the caller's home network is out of range, the phone will attempt to use other carriers' networks to relay the call. A SIM card is not required to connect a mobile phone to the emergency numbers. Interpreter services may be available once connected to emergency services.
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Electricity is supplied by Western Power Distribution on three-phase poles with aerial connections to dwellings. Of the 34 dwellings listed in the 1957 sale document, only two were not connected to the electricity supply at that time. South Willingham is connected to the Burgh on Bain telephone exchange—part of the Louth/Alford/Spilsby 01507 dialling code—on the A157 and High Street junction. There was a telegraph office at the railway station until it closed in 1951.
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It was reassigned in 1994 to Pennsylvania. Area code 600 has a capacity of 798 central office prefixes (200 to 999, with 555 and 911 not issued). Six relief area codes (622, 633, 644, 655, 677 and 688) are reserved by NANPA as subject to assignment in Canada for expansion of non-geographic servicesCanadian Numbering Plan and Dialling Plan Version 5.0, The Canadian Steering Committee on Numbering (CSCN), 26 October 2011, page 13 but have never been used.
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The power station was initially owned and operated by the Reading Electric Supply Company Limited, then from 1933 by the Reading Corporation until the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948. The dialling code for fixed-line telephones in Reading is 0118. BT provides fixed-line telephone coverage throughout the town and ADSL broadband internet connection to most areas. Parts of Reading are cabled by Virgin Media, supplying cable television, telephone and broadband internet connections.
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The 300 series was much more than just the Tele. 332. There was a whole range of similarly designed products. Fieldsets (Tappers), Headsets, Pendant Telephones, Wall Phones and the House Exchange System. Many private telephone companies had sprung up in the UK. As these were banned by law from connecting to external lines, they contented themselves with producing systems for automatically dialling between company offices, within the same building or, via private wires, rented from the GPO, virtually anywhere.
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Kosovo–Serbia negotiations encountered difficulties in the wake of the agreement reached in Brussels. On 7 August 2013, an agreement was announced between the two governments to establish permanent border crossings between Serbia and Kosovo throughout 2014. Ivica Dačić, Prime Minister of Serbia (left), and Hashim Thaçi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (right), with Catherine Ashton (middle) in Munich, 2014. On 9 September 2013, an agreement was reached to allow Kosovo to apply for its own international dialling code.
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St James's Church (Church of England) Located at the edge of the Pennine hills, the land rises to the north, east and south of the town centre. The town covers an area of one square mile (640 acres),Heckmondwike Guide 1922 the town boundary is not the same as the ward boundary. Heckmondwike has a telephone exchange, north of High Street in the Wakefield 01924 dialling area. The exchange covers Liversedge, and parts of Dewsbury Moor and Staincliffe.
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Domestic collect calls are placed by dialing 19 from any landline or payphone; the caller then states their name, which is announced with a message stating that a collect call has been requested when the call is answered. If the called party accepts the reverse charges, the call is connected. International collect calls are placed by dialling 000 for the international operator; this number also provides international assistance, such as country and area codes, rates, etc.
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The request for a new bombsight was quickly passed on to the Royal Aircraft Establishment, where Patrick Blackett of the Aeronautical Research Committee volunteered to lead the effort. His solution to the problem was a thorough revision of the CSBS concept. The advance in the Blackett design was the way the sighting head was aimed. Instead of dialling the parameters into the sight directly as in the CSBS, these inputs were dialled into a separate console.
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The Sydney–Melbourne coaxial cable was officially opened on 9 April 1962 when Prime Minister Robert Menzies, made an interstate direct dial call. The coaxial cable infrastructure supported the introduction of subscriber trunk dialling between the cities and live television link-ups. After its commissioning in April 1962 the cable carried telegraph and telephone traffic. It also provided the first inter-city television transmission in Australia, allowing simultaneous television broadcasting in Melbourne and Sydney for the first time.
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The trail adjustment, set by dialling in the measured terminal velocity for the bombs being dropped, used a cam to move the height bar forward away from the vertical, reducing the range angle and thereby reducing the range to account for this effect. Many thousands of CSBSs were sold around the world, and many other sights were developed from the basic idea. In the mid-1930s, the basic CSBS concept was largely universal for production bombsights.
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12 January: OTC launched its first colour television advertising campaign: Circles. February: Members of the International Maritime Consultative Organisation reached agreement on the need for a worldwide maritime satellite system. 20 February: Tasman cable officially opened by Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser, speaking from Canberra to Prime Minister of New Zealand, Robert Muldoon. 9 March: New ISD (International Subscriber Dialling) service launched at a press conference at OTC's Broadway terminal, coming into commercial operation on 1 April.
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Five locations (Casey Station (AU), Davis Station (AU), Macquarie Island Station (AU), Mawson Station (AU) and Scott Base (NZ)) all have telephone connections that enable direct dialling to and from the outside world. Argentinian and Chilean bases within their claims, which have families living at them, are also connected by direct dial connections. Connection to Scott Base and the nearby United States base McMurdo Station is via the New Zealand Country calling code +64,see Telecommunications in New Zealand.
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While numbers tended to be used up fairly quickly in Vancouver and its immediate neighbours due to their rapid growth, the number allocation problem was still severe in the Lower Mainland as a whole. On November 3, 2001, area code 778 was implemented as a concentrated overlay for the two largest regional districts in the Lower Mainland, Metro Vancouver and the Fraser Valley Regional District. This experiment was announced in NANP planning letter PL-246. While the remainder of the Lower Mainland continued to use only 604, the addition of area code 778 required the implementation of ten-digit dialling throughout the region. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) announced on June 7, 2007, that 778 would become an overlay for the entire province on July 4, 2007, after the same number allocation problem that previously afflicted 604 brought 250 close to exhaustion.New dialing to come in British Columbia Effective June 23, 2008, ten-digit dialling became mandatory in British Columbia, and attempts to make a seven-digit call triggered an intercept message with a reminder of the new rule.
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Routing rules can be specified to different sizes of catchment area. For instance, a different caller route can be defined for each country that a call could originate from. This would be done using the international dialling codes of the incoming caller ID. On the other hand, specific landline area codes can be programmed in to have their own specific destination. The furthest that can be gone is to program in separate destinations for individual telephone numbers that call in.
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Born into an Ulster- Scots family on 13 November 1786, he was the fourth son of James Thomson, a small farmer, at Annaghmore, near Ballynahinch, County Down (the house was later called Spamount), in Ulster, by his wife, Agnes Nesbit. His early education was from his father. At the age of eleven or twelve he had found out for himself the art of dialling. His father sent him to a school at Ballykine, near Ballynahinch, kept by Samuel Edgar, father of John Edgar.
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He protests that he did not actually smoke and Baba apologizes for the mistake, but says it is too late. K asks Baba to tell the police about this, but the line goes dead and the phone number is non-existent on dialling. K's protests are ignored and the police believe that he is delusional. Trying to prove his story, he seeks out Abbas, who had lost a finger at the rehabilitation centre, only to find that the man has all fingers intact.
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This extension housed the 'Federal' telephone exchange which had a dialling code of 333 from the public network. In the 1980s it housed Horseferry Tandem which provided a unified communications system for all government departments as well as the Palace of Westminster. Access to the tunnel is gained via an 8 ft (2.4 m) lateral tunnel and a lift shaft in the nearby Whitehall telephone exchange in Craig's Court. A further entrance is via the deep level portion of the Admiralty.
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In November 2010, Ofcom proposed to abandon renumbering in areas running short of capacity and instead provide extra capacity by starting to use local numbers beginning '0' and '1', and removing the option of dialling locally using just the subscriber number. Once the supply of new numbers released by this measure is exhausted Ofcom propose introducing additional, overlay area codes to run in tandem with current codes. It is anticipated that the overlay codes would not be required before 2022.
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From the introduction of the telephone to the early 1990s, telephone numbers in most of the United Kingdom were usually shown with a written exchange name followed by the subscriber number, e.g. 'Mallaig 10' or 'Aberdeen 43342'. This allowed calls to be placed initially through the operator and later by using local or national dialling codes. Exchange names were usually closely tied to the physical location of telephone exchanges, being either the name of a city, town or village or district.
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Rt Hon Ernest Marples was Postmaster General while running the telephone network run by the General Post Office, Marples introduced subscriber trunk dialling, which eliminated the compulsory use of operators on national phone calls. On 2 June 1957, Marples brought in British postcodes and made the first draw for the new Premium Bonds. Marples was Minister of Transport (1959-1964). His successor to the seat was the Rt Hon Lynda Chalker Minister for Europe (1986-1989) and Minister for Overseas Development (1989-1997).
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Neiti Aika (speaking clock) at Rupriikki Media Museum in Tampere, Finland In Finland the speaking clock service is known as Neiti Aika in Finnish or Fröken Tid in Swedish, both of which mean "Miss Time". The first Neiti Aika service was started in 1936 and was the first automated phone service in Finland.Helsingin Sanomat / Kulttuuri, 3.5.2002, Sellainen on puhelin (in Finnish) The service is provided by regional phone companies and can be reached by dialling 10061 in the whole country.
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Typical signboards of STD booths (kiosks from where STD calls can be made) in India The introduction in the UK of subscriber dialling of long-distance calls removed the distinction that had existed between trunk and toll calls. This term however, is still widely prevalent in India to describe any national call made outside one's local unit. A "subscriber" is someone who subscribes to, i.e. rents, a telephone line and a "trunk call" is one made over a trunk line, i.e.
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The accommodation facilities in the tourist complex include a three star hotel, tourist lodges with canteen, log huts and tree houses inside the forest with fully furnished suites. The tree house overlooks a watering hole a few yards away where the animals gather in the summers to quench their thirst. There is grassland near tree house and canteen, where herds of Spotted Deer come to graze. Subscriber trunk dialling/International direct dialing, postal and internet facilities are available in the reserve area.
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To conceal this from the Board, they hired a small Dublin company The Communications Interactive Agency to manage and run the trial. To this end all purchases of equipment and Internet Services were done in their name. At the time they were one of the first to demonstrate VOIP in Ireland as a commercial service which was done by the then managing director Alex Gogan at the Press Launch, by dialling live the Speaking Clock in New York using Net2phone.com service.
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When Australia around 1960 changed to all-numeric telephone dials, a mnemonic to help people associate letters with numbers was the sentence, "All Big Fish Jump Like Mad Under Water eXcept Yabbies." However, such letter codes were not used in all countries. Phone with letters on its rotary dial (1950s, UK) Dials outside Canada, the United States, and large cities in Britain (before all-figure dialling) usually did not bear alphabetic characters or an indication of the word "operator" in addition to numbers.
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020 is the national dialling code for London in the United Kingdom. The area it serves, which includes most of Greater London and some adjacent areas, was first allocated the STD code 01 in 1959. After a sequence of changes in the 1990s, culminating with the Big Number Change, the current 020 code became active on 1 June 1999. All subscriber numbers within the area code consist of eight digits and it has capacity for approaching 100 million telephone numbers.
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Celcom now uses the dialling prefix identifier of "013" and "019" and offer digital GSM (Groupe Speciale Mobile), an originally European standard, now largely a world standard for mobile communications. The original frequency band for GSM is 900 MHz and was soon extended to 1800 MHz to cater for much wider bandwidth requirements. The 2100 MHz band is used for their dual-channel HSPA+ network. Celcom is also licensed and has been operating FDD-LTE on 1800 MHz and 2600 MHz.
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In 1651 William Leybourn entered into a business partnership with Robert Leybourn as a printer and seller of books. Their extensive catalogue thereafter became one of the most important of its time in the publishing or re-publishing of such materials. The second and third (posthumous) editions of Samuel Foster's The Art of Dialling (which first appeared in 1638), with additional materials, was an early success.S. Foster, Elliptical or Azimuthal Horologiography (R & W Leybourn for Nicholas Bourn, London 1654), (Umich/Eebo).
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Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is south of Leeds city centre and north of the City of Wakefield. Being between several towns, East Ardsley has become a dormitory village. The village is about above sea level and is more widely known than its neighbour West Ardsley. Although it is in the City of Leeds metropolitan district, the village is in Wakefield's WF3 postcode district and its telephone numbers have both the 0113 Leeds and 01924 Wakefield dialling code.
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Before 1992, telephone numbers would consist of a 2 or 3-digit area code, and a 5 or 6-digit subscriber number. Example: (067) 85 000 and (04) 66 00 00. In that year, a closed telephone numbering plan was adopted, with eight-digit telephone numbers incorporating the area code and full number dialling for local and national calls. Service numbers were to be three digits long, Directory numbers four digits and some companies were allocated five-digit numbers, ex. 07575.
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The suburb is bisected from the north east to the south west by the Elsieskraal River, which has flowed through a large concrete drainage canal since the 1970s. Elsieskraal River also flows through the neighbouring suburb of Thornton, which is a similar residential suburb with an abundance of trees. The postcodes for Pinelands are 7405 for street addresses and 7430 or 7450 for post office boxes. The telephone exchange codes for Pinelands are predominantly 531 and 532 (within the 021 dialling code for Cape Town).
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A plaque in City Mill Lane marking the site of Gibraltar's first telephone exchange A Victorian post box of standard 1887 UK design in use in Gibraltar's Main Street (2008) Gibraltar has a digital telephone exchange supported by a fibre optic and copper infrastructure; the telephone operator Gibtelecom also operates a GSM network. Internet connectivity is available across the fixed network. Gibraltar's top-level domain code is .gi. International Direct Dialling (IDD) is provided, and Gibraltar was allocated the access code +350 by the International Telecommunication Union.
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Since the 1990s and the introduction of private operators (e.g. Mercury Communications, Nynex, Virgin Media etc.), plus the natural exhaustion of certain number ranges, the "sector" concept has broken down, and it is now possible to find numbers commencing with digits that do not fit their original 1960's geographical districts. Map of approximate location of Exchange area names used in Manchester between 1928–1965. They were phased out over the next 2 years, to be replaced with All-Figure Numbers, and the dialling code "061".
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Wishaw is a post-industrial large town in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the edge of the Clyde Valley, south-east of Glasgow city centre. The Burgh of Wishaw was formed in 1855; it formed a joint large burgh with its neighbour Motherwell from 1920 until its dissolution when Scottish local authorities were restructured in 1975. The town is part of the Motherwell and Wishaw constituency. It is one of the principal towns of Lanarkshire and has the postal code of ML2 and the dialling code 01698.
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Rajkot is governed by many government bodies, including Jilla Seva Sadan (Rajkot District Collector Offices), Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Rajkot Urban Development Authority. The city civic body has started a 24x7 call centre, the first of its kind in Gujarat and the second in the country to take care of all complaints relating to civic management. Citizens can now get all their complaints registered with the Rajkot Municipal Corporation by dialling a single number with an assurance that the problem would be addressed within 72 hours.Civic Call Center .
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Whitchurch taken from Maes Knoll The suburb now lies in the council wards of Whitchurch Park and Hengrove. The suburb is one of only two parts of Bristol not to use the 0117 dialling code. Along with Stockwood, Whitchurch numbers use the 01275 of north Somerset instead. Facilities close by include the Hengrove Leisure Park which includes a Cineworld Cinema, various restaurants/food retailers (Frankie & Benny's, McDonald's, KFC), a Gala Bingo hall and a popular activities park including skateboard and climbing frame type facilities.
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The postcode is SY7 0QA, except for Broadward Barn and Broadward Bridge which have their own postcode SY7 0PZ.Royal Mail postcode finder There is a Royal Mail post box on the main road by the Gate Lodge.dracos.co.uk Postboxes in SY7 The post town for Broadward is Craven Arms; historically it was Aston on Clun. The dialling code is 01547 (the Knighton area code) followed by 530 (the Bucknell exchange) for the majority of the settlement, or 540 (the Leintwardine exchange) for Broadward Barn and Broadward Bridge.
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Also, many users are unaware that there is any local dialling procedure, probably because of the increasing popularity of mobile phones, from which the full national number must always be dialled. Numerous examples of incorrectly formatted telephone numbers may still be seen in and around London, including signwriting on shop-fronts and commercial vehicles, and in newspaper advertisements. The incorrectly placed pauses are also heard in speech everywhere: in radio and television advertisements, and said by office workers misquoting their office numbers as "0207 xxx xxxx".
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Telephone numbers in Ireland are part of an open numbering plan that allows variations in number length. The Irish format is similar to systems used in many parts of Europe, notably the Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, Belgium and France, where geographical numbers are organised using a logic of large regional prefixes, which are then further subdivided into smaller regions. It differs from UK numbering, which originated as alphanumeric codes based on town names. Irish Mobile and non–geographic number are fixed length and do not support local dialling.
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The trunk prefix `0` is used to access numbers outside the local area and for all mobile calls. This is followed by an area code, referred to as a National Dialling Code (NDC), the first digit of which indicates the geographical area or type of service (e.g. mobile). Calls made from mobile phones and some VoIP systems always require the full area code and phone number. In common with most European countries, the trunk prefix `0` must be omitted when calling Irish numbers from abroad.
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Calls within local areas can be made by dialling the number without the area code, such as 123 4567 in Budapest or 123 456 in other areas. However, this is not permitted in mobile phone networks. Domestic calls to all other area codes must be preceded with 06 + area code. For example, a call from Budapest to Monor (area code 29) would be made as 06 29 123 456 and a call from Monor to Budapest (area code 1) would be made as 06 1 234 5678.
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Until the late 1980s, calls to major towns and cities in the Republic of Ireland could also be made using short codes starting with 000: :0001—Dublin 01 areaIreland, Catharina Day, Globe Pequot Press, 1987, page 55 :0002—Cork 021 areaCommittee List, Staff List and Addresses of Offices, Lloyd's Register of Shipping, The Register, 1981, page 74 :0004—Dundalk 042 area :0005—Waterford 051 area :0006—Limerick 061 area :0007—Letterkenny 074 area :0009—Galway 091 area and :0015—Sligo This was discontinued in the late 1980s, so that all calls to the Republic of Ireland from the UK had to be dialled in the normal international format using the international access code (initially 010 until 1995, and then 00) and country code (353). Calls could also be made using the full international dialling code since the introduction of International Direct Dialling. While most of the Republic of Ireland could be direct dialled, a small number of rural areas did not have an automated telephone service until the 1980s. As a result, calls from the UK to these areas had to be made through the BT operator who connected the calls to their Irish counterpart for completion.
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A telephone number in Belgium is a sequence of nine or ten digits dialed on a telephone to make a call on the Belgian telephone network. Belgium is under a closed telephone dialing plan, meaning that the full national number must be dialed for all calls, but it retains the trunk code, '0', for all national dialling. Exception: Some "special services" use 3 or 4 digits with no area or trunk codes: e.g.; 112 and 100 (fire brigade and ambulance); 101 (police); 1307 (info in French) or 1207 (info in Dutch), etc.
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The decision to implement a bi-provincial overlay may have been unusual, but was made to spare residents in rural areas of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island the burden of having to change numbers. As a result, the 782 area code was introduced on August 23, 2014. A recorded message reminding callers that 10-digit dialling would become mandatory on November 30 was activated on August 23. Exchanges in 782 were made available to telephone service providers on May 30, 2014, with numbers being assigned to customers once 10-digit dialing was activated.
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Bakelite 232L, Pyramid' Telephone with Manchester Dailling Codes Drawer Card The first UK public automatic exchange was brought into service at Epsom, Surrey, in May 1912 using the American Strowger 'step-by-step' system. It allowed subscribers to dial the local number themselves (instead of asking the operator to connect them manually). A permanent "junction telephone service" was inaugurated between Liverpool and Manchester during 1914. In 1922 the practice of using the first three letters of an exchange name was introduced in London, Manchester and Birmingham in preparation for automatic dialling.
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In July 2012, there were about 7,500 main line telephones, which covers about 98% of the country's population. There were approximately 7,800 mobile phones in 2009. Telecom Cook Islands, owned by Spark New Zealand, is the islands' main telephone system and offers international direct dialling, Internet, email, fax, and Telex. The individual islands are connected by a combination of satellite earth stations, microwave systems, and very high frequency and high frequency radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small exchanges connected to subscribers by open wire, cable, and fibre optic cable.
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Under the September 2006 accord in Córdoba between Gibraltar, Spain and the UK, a timetable was agreed to remove these restrictions. Spain recognised Gibraltar's international dialling code, thereby allowing Gibraltar to expand its telephone numbering plan, and allow Spanish mobile phone operators to enter into roaming arrangements with Gibtelecom. These measures came into force on 10 February 2007.International Dialing codes implemented Following the removal of Spanish restrictions in 2007, all mobile telephone numbers in Gibraltar can be dialled in full from Spain, using the +350 international code.
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Following successful trials of Rural Automatic Exchanges (RAX) from 1921, standardised automatic exchanges were gradually introduced to smaller towns and rural areas. At first, these exchanges allowed subscribers to dial numbers on the same exchange, but subscribers had to dial '0' for an operator to connect calls to numbers on other exchanges. 'Large multichange exchange areas' were developed from 1925 to allow several 'satellite' exchanges within provincial cities to be connected to a main exchange, using different number ranges for each exchange without separate dialling codes. This has become known as a linked numbering scheme.
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Some charge groups used a single STD code and then used distinct subscriber number ranges to route calls to the correct local exchange, such as 2xxxx for numbers on one exchange and 5xxxx for numbers on another, known as a linked numbering scheme. However, in most areas further codes were needed to route calls to the correct exchange within the charge group both for STD and local calls. Different codes were used for STD and local dialling. Because of this, telephone numbers were usually still stated with the exchange name and subscriber number, e.g.
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At the 2011 census, the village was located in the ward of Birstall & Birkenshaw, which had a population 16,298. The name of the village derives from Old English and means Birch Wood. Despite being in the Bradford conurbation, its Bradford postal address and its mostly Bradford dialling code (most of the village uses the 01274 phone number, but part uses the 0113 Leeds prefix), Birkenshaw forms part of Kirklees Metropolitan Borough.Birstall and Birkenshaw Area Committee - Kirklees Council It is home to the headquarters of the West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service.
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In the mid-1980s, just before the privatisation of British Telecom, Murray wrote and starred in a series of comedy programmes, The Telefun Show, which were only available for listening via the telephone (by dialling 01-246 8070 in the UK) in a similar way to the contemporary Dial- A-Disc service, which he also presented and which attracted up to 300,000 calls per day. After "Down Came The Rain", Murray built up a reputation for comedy in many areas, including voice characterisation for movies and radio commercials, as well as for after-dinner speaking.
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In the United Kingdom, the speaking clock can be reached by dialling 123 on a BT phone line; the number may vary on other networks. Every ten seconds, a voice announces: The service was started in 1936 by the General Post Office (which handled telephones at that time) and was continued by BT after its formation in 1980 and privatization in 1984. Between 1986 and 2008, the message included the phrase "sponsored by Accurist"; Accurist withdrew their sponsorship in 2008. The "from BT" part was added, then removed at some point, then reinstated.
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The BT foreign directory assistance centre in Grimsby (1996) In the United Kingdom directory enquires services (sometimes abbreviated as "DQ") are provided by a variety of different companies, with a variety of call charges, each company reached by dialling a six-digit number beginning with 118. These companies supply information from the Operator Services Information System (OSIS), which is run by Directory Solutions, a division of BT Wholesale. OSIS accepts updates from telecoms providers seven days a week, and supplies that information to the enquiry companies six days a week. there were over 200 providers.
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The youngest man (and only solicitor) to be appointed DPP at that time,Rozenberg (1987) p.26 Matthews modernised the office, updating the Prosecutions of Offences Regulations, introducing trunk dialling and using dictaphones to make up for the small number of shorthand typists. He reorganised and modernised the department as a whole, and many of his modifications are still in place; for example, a provision in many new Acts of Parliament dealing with the criminal law that requires the consent of the DPP for a prosecution.Rozenberg (1987) p.
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A "Community Dial Office" (CDO) was a small Class 5 telephone exchange in a rural area. These most often provided capacity for 1000 or fewer customers and were designed for unattended operation. CDOs could be step by step, all relay or crossbar. Many offices provided four-digit local dialling to small rural communities where a call outside the local exchange was long distance. Initial deployments were based on step-by-step equipment such as the Western Electric 350A (first deployed on May 27th, 1928 in Arcadia, California) and its successor models 360A, 355A and 356A.
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After a series of events, Vijay locks himself in jail in order to find out who the wannabe free prisoner is, and finds the culprit successfully. He also instructs his unit to refill the LPG in the tanker to a new tanker, thus thwarting a major disaster. Next day, Vijay and his team, who are supposed to attend the funeral of their dear colleagues, get an emergency call and decide to thwart the accident. As the hero says, a commoner dialling 101 believes that a fireman would come in any problem to save him.
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The STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialling) code indicates the geographical area of the number, and is dialled before the local number. For the majority of calls dialled within the same area, the trunk prefix and area code need not be dialled, but are ignored if they are. Owing to number-capacity constraints, fixed line callers in Bournemouth, Poole and Christchurch (01202) must dial the full STD code even when calling local numbers. From October 2014, similar schemes were implemented in Aberdeen (01224), Bradford (01274), Brighton (01273), Middlesbrough (01642) and Milton Keynes (01908).
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South Africa uses 10 digit dialling which became required since 16 January 2007. The 10 digits used for local calls (AAA XXX XXXX or 0AA XXX XXXX) consists of a 3 digit area/type code (the first digit in the area/type code is a trunk prefix) and 7 digits. All area codes including mobile start with a "0" (trunk prefix) for domestic calls. When dialing from another country the international calling code for South Africa is "+27" with the rest of the digits excluding the trunk prefix (+27 AA XXX XXXX).
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The first of the new area codes, 587, entered service in 2008 as an overlay for the entire province. As a preliminary step, optional ten-digit dialling was introduced across the province on 23 June 2008 and became mandatory on 12 September 2008. On 20 September 2008, Telus Mobility began allocating numbers starting with area code 587 in the Calgary area. The alternative would have been splitting either 403 or 780—a step that would have resulted in portions of Alberta having to change their numbers for the second time in a decade.
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After drinking alcoholic drinks (both deliberately and accidentally), he has done things that he would never do while sober, such as singing out loud, mooning an audience full of people, confronting Wil Wheaton, leaving wildly inappropriate voicemails after "drunk dialling" Stephen Hawking, and affectionately slapping Amy's rear. In response to criticism from his friends that he is mentally ill, Sheldon often retorts, "I'm not crazy; my mother had me tested"; which his mother has confirmed to be true (once while wishing she had gone through with a follow-up examination).
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Before 1969, Australia did not have a national number for emergency services; the police, fire and ambulance services had many phone numbers, one for each local unit. In 1961, the office of the Postmaster General (PMG) introduced the 000 number in major population centres and near the end of the 1980s extended its coverage to nationwide. The number 000 was chosen for several reasons: technically, it suited the dialling system for the most remote automatic exchanges, particularly outback Queensland. These communities used the digit 0 to select an automatic trunk line to a centre.
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A televote is initiated by random sampling of a population by means of random digit dialling. Those contacted are requested to volunteer to receive written background briefing materials regarding a particular issue, that have been prepared by a panel of representatives of different stakeholder groups affected by that issue, and incorporating various views or perspectives. Volunteers are requested to discuss the issue amongst their families and friends until they have reached a decision. At the conclusion of this period they are polled again by telephone in order to determine their views.
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The result was the Course Setting Bomb Sight (CSBS), called "the most important bomb sight of the war". Dialling in the values for altitude, airspeed and the speed and direction of the wind rotated and slid various mechanical devices that solved the vector problem. Once set up, the bomb aimer would watch objects on the ground and compare their path to thin wires on either side of the sight. If there was any sideways motion, the pilot could slip-turn to a new heading in an effort to cancel out the drift.
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In telephone systems where calls from distant automated exchanges arrive for manual subscribers or non-dialable points, there often would be a ringdown operator (reachable from the distant operator console by dialling NPA+181) who would manually ring the desired subscriber on a party line or toll station. On some systems, this function was carried out by the inward operator (NPA+121). In both cases, this is a telephone operator at the destination who provides assistance solely to other operators on inbound toll calls; the ringdown operator nominally cannot be dialled directly by the subscriber.
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The Departures Line works similarly to the previous GoTime IVR (Interactive Voice Response) system. Instead of dialling (902) 480- plus the 4-digit number found on bus stop signage, one dials (902)-480-8000 and following the voice responses, one would input the bus stop number to access route departure times. The system gives the estimated departure time if available, scheduled times if the bus is not reporting real-time data or is delayed by a number of minutes, adjusted time to depart when schedule adjustments are made, and will announce when a bus is arriving within the minute.
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While this had the effect of allocating 15.8 million numbers to a province of just over a million people, SaskTel and other carriers wanted to spare existing subscribers, particularly in rural areas, the burden and expense of changing their numbers. Overlays have become the preferred method of area code relief in Canada; no area codes have been split in the country since 1999. Ten-digit dialing began in 2012, and became mandatory throughout the province in May 2013. Until the implementation of 639, Saskatchewan was the last of Canada's original NPAs where seven-digit dialling had not been broken.
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The touch-tone system required the need for additional equipment at the telephone exchange to decode the tones. However, most telephone exchanges in the early 1970s only supported pulse dialling based on the Strowger switch system, restricting touch-tone telephones to some private branch exchanges (PBX). Tone to pulse converters were later added to linefinder groups in Step by Step offices to allow some subscribers to use DTMF sets. British companies Pye TMC, Marconi-Elliott and GEC developed a new digital push-button telephone technology, based on metal- oxide-semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chip technology.
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It was variously called the "MOS telephone", the "push-button telephone chip", and the "telephone on a chip". It used MOS integrated circuit (MOS IC) logic, with thousands of MOS transistors on a chip, to convert the keypad input into a pulse signal. This made it possible for push-button telephones to be used with pulse dialling at most telephone exchanges. MOS telephone technology introduced a new feature to push-button telephones: the use of MOS memory chips to store phone numbers, which could then be used for speed dialing at the push of a button.
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Twenty miners were drowned when the flooded workings of the disused Wheal Drea were breached. This occurred because of former errors in "dialling" (the only means of underground surveying available at that time): according to the records, the level in which the breach occurred was being driven away from the old workings. The Wheal Owles mine was said to have filled from the 120-fathom sump to the 30-fathom sea level in only 20 minutes.A fathom is six feet, and depths are measured from "grass" or the ground level at the top of the mine shaft.
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Infrastructure improvements were particularly impressive: 1700 km of roads were made usable, 189 bridges were built, many irrigation canals were rehabilitated, hospitals, schools, and public buildings were constructed, and drinking water was brought to the main cities. Port-au-Prince became the first Caribbean city to have a phone service with automatic dialling. Agricultural education was organized, with a central school of agriculture and 69 farms in the country. However many infrastructure projects were built using the corvée system that allowed the government/occupying forces to take people from their homes and farms, at gunpoint if necessary, to build roads, bridges etc.
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St Edward the Confessor's Church, New Addington Church of the Good Shepherd, New Addington The Anglican parish church of New Addington is St Edward's Church at the end of Central Parade, built in 1957. Fieldway, however, is part of Addington parish, under the 11th century St Mary the Blessed Virgin Church in Addington village. There are also a Baptist church, the Good Shepherd Roman Catholic Church, the Salvation Army and several other smaller places of worship. Although most of the rest of Croydon has the London telephone dialling code '020', New Addington has the Orpington code for BT customers of '01689'.
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Until about 1966 UK phones used a different scheme than currently used for relating letter to number keys. While generally similar, the scheme did not include the letters "O" and "Q" on the "6" and "7" keys to avoid confusion between the digit "0" and the letters; the zero key was used for "O" and "Q". "Z" was not included, and no symbols were associated with the "1" key. In earlier times exchange names were used and spoken to the operator; with the introduction of dialling, exchange names were used starting with three letters not used by any other exchange.
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However, in all its educational and publicity programmes, Dipsalut always reminds users that the best thing to do in case of an emergency is to call an ambulance immediately by dialling 112. The organisation, both in its publicity actions and on informative stickers on the defibrillator column, provides instructions to follow in the case of sudden cardiac arrest: Firstly, check to see if the person who has collapsed is conscious or not. If the victim is unconscious, call 112 immediately. Meanwhile, find the nearest defibrillator, remove it from its box, take it to the victim and open the lid.
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Some prepaid card companies allow accounts to be recharged online manually or automatically via a method called auto-top-up. Some virtual cards offer PINless Dialing, either by dialling a number unique to the customer, or by recognising the telephone number which originated the call by Caller ID and relating it to the appropriate account. Some virtual phone cards allow customers to view their call detail reports (CDRs) online by logging into their account. The virtual phonecard has become a multi-billion US dollar industry as of 2009, with a number of large corporations and smaller Dot Com companies.
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Morgan was born in London in 1620, was brought up to and practiced the profession of an arms-painter. In 1642, he wrote 'A Treatise of Honor and Honorable Men,' which remained in manuscript (see Brydges's Censura Literaria, viii. 236). In 1648, he printed a poem entitled 'London, King Charles his Augusta, or City Royal of the Founders;' and in 1652 'Horologiographia Optica, Dialling universal and particular.' In 1661, he published a work on heraldry, entitled The Sphere of Gentry, deduced from the Principles of Nature: an Historical and Genealogical Work of Arms and Blazon, in Four Books.
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When Title III was established telecommunications was in its infancy and since that time many advances in communications technology have been made. This made it necessary to update the law to take into account these new developments. Thus the ECPA was passed, and extended Title III to also protect wire, oral and electronic communications while in transit, as well as protecting stored electronic communications. The ECPA also extended the prohibition of the use of pen register and/or trap and trace devices to record dialling information used in the process of transmitting wire or electronic communications without a search warrant.
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Great Easton is also home to the Opera Minima, which is an opera/theatre group registered as a charitable trust and based at the Old Corset Factory in the village and is sponsored by Leicestershire County Council, Harborough District Council, Creative LeicesterShire and the Welland Sub-Regional Strategic Partnership. The parish is protected and served by Leicestershire Constabulary (Harborough North Division). The local telephone dialling code is the Kettering and Corby code (01536) due to its proximity to Northamptonshire. Great Easton is the largest village and civil parish in South-East Leicestershire, however is only a small village itself.
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Evolution of area codes in Ontario and southwestern Quebec Toronto's original telephone exchanges were manual; each had an exchange name and a block of four-digit numbers. The "GRover exchange" at Kingston Road and Main Street in East Toronto was the first Canadian dial exchange in 1924. (Montréal got its first dial telephones one year later.) The numbers would be dialled as six digits (2L+4N) so "Grover 1234" (as GRover) was dialled GR-1234 (or 47-1234). Conversion to seven-digit (2L+5N) numbers began in 1951 and continued up to the introduction of direct distance dialling in 1958.
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His only known publication is Horologiographia (1593).Horologiographia. The Art of Dialling: teaching an easie and perfect way to make all kinds of Dials vpon any plaine Plat howsouer placed: VVith the drawing of the Twelue Signes, and Houres vnequall in them all. Whereunto is annexed the making and vse of other Dials and Instruments, whereby the houre of the day and night is knowe. Of speciall vse and delight not onely for Students of the Arts Mathematicall, but also for diuers Artificers, Architects, Surueyours of buildings, free-Masons, Saylors, and others, London, 1593 (other editions appeared in 1626 and 1652).
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In Spain, such phones were manufactured for CTNE (Compañía Telefónica Nacional de España) by Málaga-based factory "CITESA", being named as "Góndola" phones by its particular shape. Spanish Góndola sets were fitted from the beginning with a red LED series connected with the line, allowing the dial ("disco" in Spanish) to be backlit while dialling. For that, the LED was bridged by an anti-parallel Zener diode, to allow the DC to pass even if the line polarity were reversed. In case of line polarity reversal, the LED would not light, but the phone would work anyway.
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The vectors that would normally be drawn by hand were duplicated in a series of screws, gears and sliding components. By dialling in the four inputs, altitude, airspeed, wind speed and wind direction, the mechanism moved the aiming pippers so they directly represented the required heading and range angle for the current airspeed and altitude. The wind will also have an effect on the bomb after it leaves the aircraft. As bombs are generally well streamlined and have high density, this effect is much smaller in magnitude than the effects of the wind on the aircraft itself.
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Novation's first CAT was an external 300 bit/s Bell 103-standard modem that connected to the phone lines using an acoustic coupler. Like most other acoustically coupled modems, the CAT required the user to dial the desired number on a normal telephone, listening to the call connecting and the eventual presence of a carrier signal. If the dialling was successful, the user then pressed the handset down into rubber cups on the modem to connect. This was only possible because telephones were generally available only from Western Electric, all of a standardized size and layout.
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Data were archived from the start of the mission, and access to the archive was free to anyone who wished to use it. However, in the early years of the mission, long before the advent of the World Wide Web and fast global data transmission links, access to the archive required a visit in person to one of two Regional Data Analysis Facilities (RDAFs), one at the University of Colorado and the other at GSFC.R. W. Thompson, "IUE Regional Data Analysis Facilities: Bulletin No. 1", IUE newsletter 24, June 1984, pp. 16–20 In 1987 it became possible to access the archive electronically, by dialling into a computer at Goddard.
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3 In 2011, North Cyprus sold electricity to the Republic of Cyprus following an explosion in the southern part of the island which affected a large power station. The Northern Cyprus Water Supply Project, completed in 2015, is aimed at delivering water for drinking and irrigation from southern Turkey via a pipeline under the Mediterranean Sea. International telephone calls are routed via a Turkish dialling code (+90 392) as Northern Cyprus has neither its own country code nor official ITU prefix. Similarly with the internet Northern Cyprus has no top level domain of its own and is under the Turkish second-level domain .nc.tr.
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In the 1980s there was a shortage of local line capacity on the existing crossbar exchange, which itself had replaced the relay and Strowger switch exchanges and a modern digital System/X switch was installed. Cable and Wireless, who provided international circuits installed a satellite earth station which made International Subscriber Dialling possible. When the frontier with Spain was re-opened, telephone and telex circuits cut by General Franco were re-established. Subsequently, fibre links into the FLAG cable system (which had a landing point in Estepona, about 50 km from Gibraltar) were established and along with microwave links to Morocco giving Gibraltar a resilient communications infrastructure.
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Direct telephone connections between Gibraltar and Spain were severed in 1969, when land communications between both territories were halted by the Spanish leader Francisco Franco, and were not restored until 1986. However, Gibraltar experienced restrictions after that date causing problems with its telecommunications system, as a direct result of the Spanish sovereignty claim. Until 10 February 2007, Spain continued to impose restrictions on Gibraltar's ability to expand and modernise its telecommunications infrastructure. These included a refusal to recognise Gibraltar's International Direct Dialling (IDD) code (+350) which restricted the expansion of the Gibraltar telephone numbering plan, and the prevention of roaming arrangements for Gibraltar GSM mobile phones in Spain and vice versa.
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As part of the restructuring of municipalities in South Africa at the time, the local governments of the East Rand were merged into a single municipality in 1999, called City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, meaning "place of peace". Despite having a separate municipal government, like the West Rand, the East Rand is included as the part of the Witwatersrand urban area. To this end, the East Rand shares the same dialling code as Johannesburg (011 locally) and the same metropolitan route numbering system as Johannesburg (and the West Rand). It is not uncommon for residents of the East Rand to work in Johannesburg proper and vice versa.
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The main advantages of phonewords over standard phone numbers include increased memorability and increased response rates to advertising. They are easier to remember than numeric phone numbers; therefore when businesses use them as a direct response tool in their advertising (radio, television, print, outdoor, etc.), they are proven to increase response rates by 30-60%. Regular side by side testing of phonewords and phone numbers in TV and radio advertising in Australia has shown that phonewords generate up to twice as many calls as standard phone numbers. A study conducted by Roy Morgan Research in February 2006 indicated that 92% of Australians were aware of alphanumeric dialling.
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118 118 (The Number) was the second most-expensive number at £11.23 for a 90-second call, but accounted for 40% of DQ calls, mostly due to heavy advertising. Until 23 August 2003 directory enquiries were available by dialling 192 for numbers in Britain, and 153 for foreign numbers, with the service supplied by the caller's telephone company. Until the 1990s the service was free to use; then charges were introduced from 2 April 1991, although for some years directory enquiries continued to be free from payphones. Support for 192 and 153 was replaced on 24 August 2003 by competitive directory enquiries services using different numbers beginning "118".
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As of June 2018, the 111 number was not in use across Northern Ireland. The NHS 111 service was extended to Northern Ireland from February 2020, although this is for advice relating to the COVID-19 virus only. After dialling, callers will be asked to follow prompts to determine what nation they are calling from. The service is available 24 hours a day, every day of the year and is intended for 'urgent but not life-threatening' health issues and complements the long-established 999 emergency telephone number for more serious matters, although 111 operators in England are able to dispatch ambulances when appropriate using the NHS Pathways triage system.
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When automation was required, it was commonly only needed on the answer side — for instance, a bank might need to take calls from a number of branch offices for end-of-day processing. To fill this role, some modems included the ability to pick up the phone automatically when it was in answer mode, and clearing the line when the other user manually disconnected. The need for automated outbound dialling was considerably less common, and was handled through a separate peripheral device, a "dialler". This was normally plugged into a separate input/output port on the computer (typically an RS-232 port) and programmed separately from the modem itself.
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This method of operation worked satisfactorily in the 1960s and early 1970s, when modems were generally used to connect dumb devices like computer terminals (dialling out) with smart mainframe computers (answering). However, the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s led to the introduction of low-cost modems and the idea of a semi-dedicated point-to-point link was no longer appropriate. There were potentially thousands of users who might want to dial any of the other thousands of users, and the only solution at the time was to make the user dial manually. The computer industry needed a way to tell the modem what number to dial through software.
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Cleveland, Brad, "Call Center Management on Fast Forward (Third Edition)", ICMI Press, 2012 In contrast to in-house management, outsourced bureau contact centres are a model of contact centre that provide services on a "pay per use" model. The overheads of the contact centre are shared by many clients, thereby supporting a very cost effective model, especially for low volumes of calls. The modern contact centre includes automated call blending of inbound and outbound calls as well as predictive dialling capabilities dramatically increasing agents productivity. Latest implementations with more complex systems, require highly skilled operational and management staff that can use multichannel online and offline tools to improve customer interactions.
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The system was based on fixed-length numbers; a direct-dial long- distance call consisted of a three-digit area code and a seven-digit local number. Numbers in 2L+4N cities (such as Montréal and Toronto) were systematically lengthened to seven digits in the 1950s, a few exchanges at a time, so that all local numbers were seven digits when direct distance dialling finally came to town. Exchange prefixes were added to small-town numbers to extend four or five-digit local numbers to the standardised seven- digit length, matching in length the then-longest local numbers in the largest major US markets.
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A silent call is a telephone call in which the caller does not speak when the call is answered. Most such calls are generated by a cold call telemarketing operation's predictive dialer which makes many calls, and sometimes does not have an agent immediately available to handle an answered call; the called party hears silence ("dead air"), followed by the call being disconnected. This differs from a ghost call, which is not dialled intentionally, and is due to technical issues or pocket dialling. In the U.S., the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) uses the term "abandoned call" instead of silent call in its regulations applying to telemarketing.
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Bomb aimer on an Avro Lancaster demonstrating use of the Mark XIV The need for the second crewman was an obvious problem with the Mk. XII, especially as few bombers of the era had enough room for the operator. Working with Henry Braddick, Blackett developed a new version of the calculator that included aircraft instruments inside the computor, eliminating the need for the needle-on-needle matching and completely automating the calculations. After the initial design was complete, Blackett moved onto other matters with RAF Coastal Command, where he continued development of his theories of operational research. The new design reduced the bomb aimer's setup workload to dialling in four settings.
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The North American Numbering Plan is based on fixed- length telephone numbers; when area codes (1947) and direct distance dialling (1951) were first introduced, North American numbers were gradually extended to a fixed length in the format 1 + three-digit area code + three-digit exchange prefix + four-digit subscriber number. Each central office (CO) code (exchange prefix) contained 10,000 possible local numbers—enough for a village or small town telephone exchange. A mid-size city would have multiple exchanges with multiple CO codes assigned to each. North American mobile telephones, from their introduction in 1983, have used local numbers from the same geographic area codes as wireline services.
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A group switching centre (GSC) was a United Kingdom telephone exchange used to provide local and trunk routing to local exchanges within its own and if required, adjacent group areas. Group switching centres formed a component of the trunk mechanisation hierarchy that was commenced in 1939. The concept of group switching centres became important with the introduction of subscriber trunk dialling (STD) in 1958, initially from Bristol central telephone exchange. They were typically located towards the centre of their corresponding group area, usually in a large town or city, and serviced a group of local and dependent telephone exchanges within their home and adjacent group areas.
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The main telephone provider on the Isle of Man is Manx Telecom. The island has two mobile operators: Manx Telecom, previously known as Manx Pronto, and Sure. Cloud9 operated as a third mobile operator on the island for a short time, but has since withdrawn. Broadband internet services are available through four local providers: Wi-Manx, Domicilium, Manx Computer Bureau and Manx Telecom. The island does not have its own ITU country code, but is accessed via the British country code (+44), and the island's telephone numbers are part of the British telephone numbering plan, with local dialling codes 01624 for landlines and 07524, 07624 and 07924 for mobiles.
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For calls from Northern Cyprus to the Republic of Cyprus, area code 0123 is used but the call is charged at international rates. It is also possible to use the international prefix 00357. These direct telephone connections between the two halves of the island are operated by the United Nations exchange, which allows direct telephone calls between the two communities is in place since 4 May 1998. After 2 March 2003, direct international calls from the Republic of Cyprus to Turkey are possible and now callers from the Republic of Cyprus can call Northern Cyprus through Turkey dialling 0090 392 xxxxxxx as well as using 0139 (although in this case calls will be charged at international rates).
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Telephone numbers in Vatican City are integrated into the Italian telephone numbering plan: ITU-T has assigned country code +379 to Vatican City, but this is not in use. Vatican telephone numbers are in the form of "+3906698xxxxx", "+39" being the country code for Italy and "06" the area code for Rome (the city surrounding Vatican City). Dialling the country code for calls within Vatican City or between Italy and Vatican City is not required, but the area code must always be dialed, as for any other call within Italy, since Italy is under a closed telephone dialing plan. The telecommunications provider of Vatican City is the Vatican Telephone Service (part of the Governorate's Department of Telecommunications since 2002).
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"01484" and "HD7" are two remix EPs, reworking tracks from the band's February 2013 album "News from Nowhere". The titles of the EPs are named after the Huddersfield and surrounding areas dialling code and post code, and the band chose to name them so as the remixes are an extension of the album which was recorded in Slaithwaite, West Yorkshire. "01484" calls on German house and techno producer Motor City Drum Ensemble to rework "A Day's Pay For A Day's Work" alongside the band remixing their own tracks, "Young Hearts" and "Armonica". The second EP "HD7" features a remix from Kollaps, a producer on Zomby's Cult Music label, alongside further remixes from the band.
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Unlike other international calls, these were handled by the BT national operator, in the same way as UK operator calls. This service was withdrawn at noon on 28 May 1987 when the last manual exchange in Ireland, at Mountshannon, County Clare, was switched over to an Alcatel E10 digital exchange. This completed Telecom Éireann's (now called eircom) rural digitalisation project. Although full international dialling is now used, calls from Northern Ireland landlines to landlines in the Republic are charged at UK national or local rates, and calls from Great Britain to the Republic are charged at a special "Republic of Ireland" rate, higher than inland rates, but lower than those for elsewhere in Western Europe.
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Dialling codes were already in use before the introduction of STD to allow customers to dial from one local exchange to another within a limited area, and these were retained to allow local calls to be dialled without the need to dial the full STD code. This also enabled local calls to be charged at a lower rate, and avoid the higher 'STD' call rates that were based on distance. Now known as 'local codes', these often began with a 7, 8 or 9. The local code was typically only one, two or three digits, but might be even longer than the STD code if the call was routed through an intermediate exchange.
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By the close of the American Revolution there rose a need for practical knowledge in the applied sciences, outside of the public schools which only taught reading writing, latin and basic math. In June of 1787, Carleton launched his career in lecturing, and by August 1, 1787 the Boston Board of Selectmen approved his application to open a school, teaching surveying, gauging, mensuration, algebra, geometry, geography, astronomy, dialling, navigation, gunnery, architecture. An advertisement for his school can be found in the Peter Short 1791 ciphering book found in the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum (PEM). A surviving example of one of his teaching texts can be found at the Boston Athenaeum, Compendium of Practical Arithmetic.
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International direct dialling from London to Paris was first offered in March 1963, with Amsterdam following by the end of 1963. Simultaneously, operator-dialed transatlantic calling began March 30, 1963 with the originating international operator in Western Europe or the US able to complete calls to the terminal station without further operator assistance via the gateway exchanges at White Plains, NY and London. Operator-dialed transpacific calling to Hawaii, Japan, and Australia began with the completion of the Commonwealth Pacific Cable System (COMPAC)cable, also in 1963. By mid-1968, transatlantic cable capacity had increased to the point where scheduling calls between Western Europe, the UK, and the US was no longer necessary and calls were completed on demand.
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Because the UK network was run by the Post Office was reliant on Strowger switches, the techniques used in the UK were different. The exchanges worked on pulses received from each subscriber's phone, so tone signaling was of no use. The techniques primarily relied on the quirks of the exchange wiring, or facilities put in by the engineering staff. Some typical tricks used between the 1950s and 1970s included: ;9-1-11: By dialing an exchange local to the caller's phone (preferably a call box phone), dialing 9-1-10 then at the right moment tapping the phone rest to add an extra pulse, this could give irregular Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) access.
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Iristel has partnered with various carriers and service providers across the world who have chosen to route their wholesale and retail traffic through Iristel, or to rely on Iristel's DID coverage to service their own residential and corporate markets. In January 2009, Iristel and Algeria Telecom announced an exclusive agreement to offer Inbound Direct Inward Dialling (DID) services to subscribers around the world who want an Algerian number for their existing phone line In February 2009, MTS Allstream, a wholly owned subsidiary of Manitoba Telecom Services Inc. and a communication solutions provider in Canada, has chosen Iristel Inc., for the conversion of its Time-division multiplexing (TDM) voice traffic to Internet Protocol (IP)-based traffic.
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Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Grand Mosque of Damascus The art of sundial design is to produce a dial that accurately displays local time. Sundial designers have also been fascinated by the mathematics of the dial and possible new ways of displaying the information. Modern dialling started in the tenth century when Arab astronomers made the great discovery that a gnomon parallel to the Earth's axis will produce sundials whose hour lines show equal hours or legal hours on any day of the year: the dial of Ibn al-Shatir in the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus is the oldest dial of this type. Dials of this type appeared in Austria and Germany in the 1440s.
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"A chart of the coast of America from New found Land to Cape Cod", from Atlas maritimus (1675) "A Mapp of the Citie and Port of Tripoli in Barbary" by Seller, 1675 The Coasting Pilot appeared in 1672, and Atlas maritimus in 1675. Atlas Anglicanus, a projected large-scale atlas of England and Wales, was not completed, although new surveys of six counties were published from 1675 to 1681, and a map of London by John Oliver, who was associated with the project. Atlas caelestis, the first British celestial atlas, appeared in 1680. Seller wrote textbooks including Practical Navigation (1669), A Pocket Book containing several choice Collections in Arithmetic, Geometry, Surveying, Dialling, &c.
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Telephone numbers in the Netherlands are administered by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation of the Netherlands and may be grouped into three general categories: geographical numbers, non-geographical numbers, and numbers for public services. Geographical telephone numbers are sequences of 9 digits (0-9) and consist of an area code of two or three digits and a subscriber number of seven or six digits, respectively. When dialled within the country, the number must be prefixed with the trunk access code 0, identifying a destination telephone line in the Dutch telephone network. Non- geographical numbers have no fixed length, but also required the dialling of the trunk access code (0).
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Subscriber trunk dialling (STD) was introduced, enabling telephone owners in Kuala Lumpur to call Singapore directly, without having to go through an operator, using the first long-distance microwave link. Overseas calls were further enhanced with the roll-out of SEACOM, which formed part of the Commonwealth Cable Scheme. In 1961, the Federation of Malaya and Singapore became partners in this initiative, with Malaya investing about $12 million in it. The first phase of SEACOM between Singapore and Jesselton (Kota Kinabalu), in Sabah, was opened on 15 January 1964. On 30 March 1967, the entire system was commissioned. The expanding microwave network enabled Jabatan Telekom to launch television services in Peninsular Malaysia in 1963, using the same system.
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873 had never been assigned as a local exchange in 1-819 because the tiny border village Beebe Plain is divided between 1-819-876 Rock Island and 1-802-873 Derby Line, an international local call which had been given exchange code protection to permit seven-digit local dialling. There is still no number pooling in Canada and redundant telephone exchange rate centres are not being merged when the underlying municipalities are amalgamated; the inefficient allocation of 10000-number blocks to multiple carriers in each of multiple rate centres in (often) the same municipality continues unabated. In February 2017, area code 468 was reserved as a third area code in the region.
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Before the introduction of national dialling codes, the area now served by 020 had a large multiple telephone exchange system, called the London telephone area. The first exchange in this area, Central, was opened in the City of London on 1 March 1902. The Director telephone system was developed so that subscribers in London could call one another in a linked numbering scheme regardless of whether they were on a manual local exchange or an automatic one. In 1927, Holborn, the first Director automatic exchange in London, was cut over to the new system at midnight on Saturday 12 November. Because it was mainly a business exchange, most subscribers did not use the new system until Monday 14 November.
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Hegge wrote a ‘Treatise of Dials and Dialling,’ preserved in the college library, to which he also presented a manuscript of Augustine of Hippo's De Civitate Dei. Another treatise from his pen, entitled In aliquot Sacræ Paginæ loca lectiones, was published at London in 1647 by John Hall. A third treatise by Hegge, entitled Saint Cvthbert; or the Histories of his Chvrches at Lindisfarne, Cvncacestre, and Dvnholme, was written in 1625 and 1626. Richard Baddeley, private secretary to Thomas Morton, bishop of Durham, printed an edition of it from a copy in Lord Fairfax's library, and suppressed the name of the author; he called it ‘The Legend of St. Cvthbert, with the Antiquities of the Church of Durham.
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Before German reunification, West Germany (including West Berlin) used country code +49 and East Germany used country code +37, each with its separate area codes and telephone networks. Calls between the two countries required international dialling, 0037 to call East Germany from West Germany,DDR: ein Reisebuch in den Alltag, Per Ketman, Andreas Wissmach, Rowohlt, 1986, page 419 and 0649 from East Germany to West Germany.. For incoming international calls, the second digit of the "canonical" area code (0 or 9) had to be omitted - e.g. while Leipzig's national prefix was 0941, its international prefix was +3741; Dresden's 0051 was +3751. On 1 June 1992, all area codes were brought under the +49 code.
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Some exchanges no longer support pulse-dialing or charge their few remaining pulse-dial users the higher tone-dial monthly rate as rotary telephones become increasingly rare.TimesDaily.com - Advances make many items close to obsolete - by Tom Smith & Bernie Delinski - October 14, 2009 - Retrieved February 10, 2010The Free Lance-Star - Aug 12, 1994, by Michael Zitz, page 1 - Rotary phone users in info highway's slow laneSacramento Business Journal - Rotary phones ring true for few - all but gone from workplace - March 9, 2001 Dial telephones are not compatible with some modern telephone features, including interactive voice response systems, though enthusiasts may adapt pulse-dialing telephones using a pulse-to-tone converter. Most, but not all VoIP analogue Telephone Adapters (ATA) will only support DTMF dialling.
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Long-distance and particularly international telephone calls were still very expensive in the 1970s. Although the 3750 when first marketed in 1970 cost almost double the equivalent-sized non-stored-program machines, the business case was compelling because the number of telephone operators could be halved, and for the first time organisations could determine what calls were made, where they were made to, and who made them. Suddenly the phone bill, instead of being a single item, could be allocated to departments and individuals, with details of called numbers and duration. However, systems were mostly ordered because of the first-time use of touch-tone telephones, call re-routing, short-code dialling etc (see below) — all functions taken for granted today.
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Although the term "hello girls" may have been applied to the signalling corps, it did not originate there. Rather, the term was first coined for female telephone switchboard operators in the US, and was the common term used for women who would greet callers with "hello" when they rang the switchboard instead of dialling another telephone number directly. Published references to "hello girls" predating World War I include the following sentence from Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court written in 1889: "The humblest hello-girl along ten thousand miles of wire could teach gentleness, patience, modesty, manners, to the highest duchess in Arthur's land". Another source referenced gifts that the "hello girls" received at Christmas-time from local businesses in Flint.
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Cruising World, August 1991, page 103 This included the islands of Saint Barthelemy and Saint Martin, which later separated from Guadeloupe to become collectivities, although they still use the same country code. However, under the new present French numbering plan, direct dialling was introduced for calls between the DOMs (including ) and metropolitan France, requiring only the '0' to be dialed, with the country code being used as a geographical area code. Despite this, the 33 country code was not adopted for calls to the DOMs from the rest of the world, because of technical difficulties with operators in neighbouring countries, for example, calls to Réunion from Mauritius would have to be routed via metropolitan France, adversely affecting voice quality as well as increasing call costs.
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The introduction of overlay plans as a means to reduce the need for phone numbers to change as a result of adding new area codes meant that one geographic area could be associated with more than one area code. This is disadvantageous to new service providers as existing providers can issue numbers in the familiar area code. In response to pressure from carriers, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission and the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) have imposed 10-digit dialling for all local calls (even within the same area code) in the overlaid areas. The requirement has no technical basis, but carriers expected it would reduce objections from new subscribers assigned the less-desirable overlay code by inconveniencing everyone equally.
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In December 2004 the principle of tripartite talks, with the Government of Gibraltar as an equal party with the UK and Spain, was finally recognised, largely as a result of his involvement. This resulted in the Cordoba Agreement which improved communications between Gibraltar and Spain with direct flights from Madrid which subsequently collapsed due to a lack of demand, and in Spain finally recognising Gibraltar's international dialling code, thereby ending a long- standing dispute. In November 2007 he was returned to office for a fourth term. Under his leadership, the Gibraltar Social Democrats were narrowly beaten in the general election of December 2011 by their rival party, the coalition between the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party and the Gibraltar Liberal Party, who won said election by 1.2%.
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Retrieved 1 September 2017 The "Yes" campaign promptly aired a rebuttal by Dr. Kerryn Phelps. A "No" supporter funded the skywritten message "Vote No" over Sydney in September, which was defended by Turnbull as an expression of free speech. Subsequent "Yes" ads focused heavily on a concerted "get out the vote" effort, and featured high-profile figures such as Ian Thorpe and others posting their surveys, as well as a themed ad screened during the finale of popular television show The Bachelor. The "Yes" campaign were also responsible for a widespread SMS message to many Australian mobile phones which lead to some complaints over how people's numbers were obtained, however the campaign advised the numbers were generated through random dialling technology previously used in elections.
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While a director area had a maximum of 648 exchange names (8 x 9 x 9), in practice some numbers do not have a usable name equivalent; unusable ABC digits would be 688 (MUTt or MUVver?) or 555 (?). London was running out of usable names with 350 exchanges by 1965; this was one reason for the change to all-figure dialling in 1966. This problem was sidestepped to some degree by using otherwise unusable codes to give access to the fringe non-director exchanges from the director area. For example, in London callers to South Mimms were told to dial SM6 followed by the four-digit South Mimms number; callers to Uxbridge numbers were told to dial UX followed by the five-digit Uxbridge number.
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An automated toll-free service was introduced by AT&T; in 1966 (US intrastate) and 1967 (US interstate) as an alternative to operator-assisted collect calling and manual "Zenith" or "Enterprise" numbers. This Inward Wide Area Telephone Service (InWATS) allowed calls to be made directly from anywhere in a predefined area by dialling the prefix 1800- and a seven-digit number. The system initially provided no support for Automatic Number Identification and no itemised record of calls, instead requiring subscribers to obtain expensive fixed-rate lines which included some number of hours of inbound calling from a "band" of one or several U.S. states or Canadian provinces. Early InWATS 800 calling lacked the complex routing features offered with modern toll-free service.
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Fellow artists Marc Quinn and Stella Vine are noted as being fans of her paintings. Quinn has Kevans' work in his art collection. Following a commission for a family in Dubai, which included a painting of Sheikh Mohammad bin Zayed Al Nahyan and Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, one of Kevans’ paintings appeared on Have I Got News For You in late April 2007. Named number 32 in New Woman's‘Brit Hit List’, one of Kevans’ paintings will be appearing on Have I Got News For You in late April. In November 2008, Kevans contributed a painting, originally used as the sleeve art for her musician husband Will Kevans' record Dialling Tone in 2007,Cole, Olivia "", Sunday Times, November 2007.
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The Fareham urban district was reconstituted as a non- metropolitan district by the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974 and gained borough status. The Borough covers the area from Portchester in the east to Warsash in the west, south to Stubbington and Hill Head and north to include part of Whiteley. It is unusual for a relatively small borough in that it has two Members of Parliament (Stubbington and Hill Head are part of the Gosport constituency), two post towns (the west of the borough is in the Southampton post town) and three telephone dialling codes (mostly 01329, but 01489 in the west and 023 in the extreme east). The 2001 Census found Fareham to have lower than average unemployment and crime with house prices higher than average.
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The use of names in allocating STD codes was intended to provide a mnemonic for the exchange in the same way as for the Director system, but the mnemonic link was often obscure. A single charge group code would usually cover multiple exchanges in various locations, which were identified either by a linked numbering scheme or extended codes. This meant that many exchanges were given alphanumeric STD codes that did not relate to their names: Swallow's code of 0GR 289 only made sense if you knew it was connected to Grimsby, for example. In addition, telephones connected to automatic exchanges in non-director areas had been issued with dials that had numbers but not letters printed on them, so would need to have new dials fitted to enable alphanumeric dialling.
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Area codes 905, 289, and 365 are area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) in the Golden Horseshoe region that surrounds Lake Ontario in Southern Ontario, Canada. It covers (clockwise) the Niagara Peninsula, the city of Hamilton, the regional municipalities of Halton, Peel, York, Durham, and parts of Northumberland County, but excludes the City of Toronto. 905 is the main area code, while 289 and 365 are overlay codes covering the same territory. Area code 905 was assigned on October 4, 1993, as a split from area code 416. After 289 was overlaid on June 9, 2001, all local calls required ten-digit dialling. On April 13, 2010, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) introduced the overlay area code 365, which became operational on March 25, 2013.
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Widespread UK telephone code misconceptions, in particular brought on by the Big Number Change in 2000, have been reported by regulator Ofcom since publication of a report it commissioned in 2004. The telephone area code for most of Greater London and some surrounding areas is 020, not "0207", "0208" or "0203". A study was commissioned in 2005 which found that only 13 per cent of respondents correctly identified the 020 code for London without prompting: 59 per cent incorrectly identified it as "0207" or "0208". This is not just an issue of number appearance; the correct way to call a London landline number from a landline within the London telephone area is to dial the last 8 digits, the trunk prefix "0" and area dialling code "20", if included, are ignored.
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Although all other countries and territories recognised the +350 dialling code, not all networks blocked calls to Gibraltar from being made using Spain's +34 9567 code, which allowed subscribers to call Gibraltar for the cost of a call to Spain. Owing to the demand for mobile phones, Gibraltar introduced new number ranges consisting of eight digits, but these could not be dialled directly from Spain. For example, Gibtelecom's pre-paid services consisted of eight digit numbers with the prefix 540, but when using the 9567 prefix from Spain, the last three digits were not recognised, and callers were required to re-enter the eight digit number, during which time they were being charged. However, if the number were dialled from the rest of the world using the +350 code, the call would be terminated in Gibraltar without any problem.
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Apart from the emergency number there also is a huge variety of non-emergency numbers which should be used in non-emergency cases such as Krankentransport, for example. These numbers differ from region to region and provider to provider. Even though the Austrian Red Cross operates ambulances all over Austria there is a huge variety of non-emergency numbers such as 14 844 for Styria, 1484 for Carinthia or 01 52 144 for Vienna.Information about Krankentransports by the Austrian Red Cross As already described above, in addition to the emergency and non-emergency services provided by the different organisations there is also a service called Ärztefunkdienst or Ärztenotdienst (Physician Home Call Service), which provides a GP to make housecalls for all people in the specific area and can be reached by dialling 141 everywhere in Austria.
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In an interview with CNBC, Flavell stated that while there are a lot of large companies in the conferencing services space, none have been successful in helping large numbers of users move away from dialing in. He attributes this to the way that people typically learn how to use new software – by trial and error – which is not appropriate when you are in the hotseat hosting a remote meeting.[15] He has also spoken about the frustrations of dialling into the meeting and disrupting conversations, which he hoped LoopUp could solve. LoopUp’s global cloud communications solution uses Direct Routing to connect Microsoft Teams users to LoopUp’s global voice network. With LoopUp’s cloud communication solution users can make and receive voice calls directly from Teams on any device from anywhere in the world, and they can retain their existing phone number.
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August 2012: Head Office PABX extended with 100 dedicated VoIP lines enabling emergency services direct in- dialling to VKS-737 operators. January 2013: VKS-737 services expanded to provide Emergency Service access to satellite telephone users who do not have HF radio facilities. February 2013: Head Office PABX extended with a further 100 dedicated VoIP (total 200) lines to further enhance services in cases of emergency. 2017: All bases upgraded with the latest generation Codan 3033 / Envoy radio-telephone interconnects. March 2019: Port Hedland Base closed due to termination of RFDS Tx site lease at Port Hedland International Airport. August 2019: Derby Base closed due to relocation of RFDS from Derby to Broome. January 2020: Swan Hill Base closed and relocated to Stawell. January 2020: Stawell Base commissioned. Administration: The Australian National 4WD Radio Network Inc.
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In 1997, Podge and Rodge were transitioned from the Den to their own, adult-oriented comedy show, A Scare at Bedtime. The show ignored their established history from their earlier, child-friendly appearances, and created a new one for them: in this series, the aged brothers live in Ballydung Manor, a fictional estate located their fictional hometown in Ballydung (off the bypass past Ballywank) in County Ring, a converted asylum which they share with an insane old nurse they call "Granny," as well as their disease-ridden pet cat Pox, and a nicotine-addicted monkey named Spunky. By this show's telling of events, the two brothers have lived together for decades, and hate one another, but Podge has repeatedly sabotaged any attempts by Rodge to leave him and improve his life. Ballydung Manor may be reached by dialling Ballydung 666 from a telephone.
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Local phone numbers are either 5, 6 or 7-digits long. In 7-digit numbering they are usually grouped as BBB BBBB, 6-digit numbers are grouped BBB BBB and 5-digit numbers are normally all grouped together BBBBB Grouping of numbers is not strictly adhered to, but usually fairly consistent. The area code should always be kept separated with a space or surrounded by brackets and not merged into the local number. The use of hyphens is discouraged, particularly on websites as it can prevent mobile browsers identifying the number as a clickable link for easier dialling. Fixed line numbers are normally presented as follows: 01 BBB BBBB for a Dublin number (7 digit) 021 BBB BBBB for a Cork number. (7 digit) 064 BBB BBBB for a Killarney number (7 digit) 061 BBB BBB for a Limerick number.
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Emergency crews are often already being notified by the relevant services' dispatchers while the call taker is still obtaining further information or giving advice, such as guiding the caller through CPR, obtaining details of a possible offender, or receiving further details about the exact location or situation - an initial response may be made to details as vague as a town or suburb, while the call taker continues to get more specific location information. ESTA is also responsible for Victorian State Emergency Service call-taking and dispatch, although this service cannot be contacted by dialling 000 as SES calls are not considered to be life-threatening. The number for SES calls is 132 500, but police or another service dialled inappropriately will notify SES. Many ESTA practices and protocols are standardised across all emergency services agencies, and all agencies use the same computer network.
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The Galaxy Note Pro 12.2 was released with Android 4.4 KitKat. Samsung had customized the interface with its TouchWiz UX software. As well as apps from Google, including Google Play, Gmail and YouTube, it had access to Samsung apps such as ChatON, S Suggest, S Voice, Smart Remote (Peel) and All Share Play. Additional pen-oriented features and apps had been added to the Note Pro 12.2 namely Air Command menu which provided shortcuts to pen-oriented features such as Action Memos (on-screen sticky notes that use handwriting recognition to detect their contents and provide relevant actions such as looking up addresses on Google Maps and dialling phone numbers), Screen Write which is an annotation tool, Pen Window which allowed users to draw pop-up windows to run certain apps inside, the search tool S Finder, Scrapbook, and an updated version of S Note.
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The fourth segment, "Lust", is written by Graham Stark from a story by Marty Feldman. Ambrose Twombly (Corbett) is determined to find a partner and chats up a woman in an adjoining telephone box by looking through the glass, dialling the number of her telephone and convincing her that he is someone from her past who just happens to be on a "crossed line" by some extraordinary coincidence, cleverly prompting her with some personal details he has managed to spot. She seems quite excited about the prospect of meeting up with him, but before he gets the chance to arrange a meeting she tells him over the phone that there is a man looking at her with a face that looks like "a monkey" in the adjoining phone box (which is, of course, Corbett). The segment ends with a shot of a dangling handset.
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Further increased demand for telephone numbers in London led to the need for more number-space; rather than again split area codes, it was decided to merge the 0171 and 0181 area codes back into one but add an extra digit to the start of each London local number, thus increasing the available numbers by a factor of 3.5 (local numbers starting 0, 1 or 9 still being impossible). From 1 June 1999, a new code for a re-united London was created, 020. All the old seven- digit numbers had a 7 or 8 prefixed to them: (0171) xxx xxxx became (020) 7xxx xxxx (0181) xxx xxxx became (020) 8xxx xxxx Direct dialling of 8-digit local numbers was not implemented until 22 April 2000. After this date, London became once more fully united and all local numbers could be connected correctly from anywhere in the area.
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Swivel dedicated much time in getting the vocal sound right, which according to him is crucial while working with Beyoncé's music. He further explained, "I only put a quick EQ on the vocal at the end of a recording session if I have been cutting her, but mixing is far more particular, so I spent a lot of time dialling in the perfect frequency." For the delay throws in the verses on "I Care", he sent it through a large hall reverb at 50 percent — half reverb, half clean — then through an Amp Farm plug‑in for the grittiness, and that then went through a quarter‑note delay. In the bridge, Beyoncé matches the guitar solo vocally — that was doubled — and one of the vocal tracks has an Amp Farm on it to add to that grittiness. To do justice to the multitude of vocal tracks within the song, Swivel created a stereo field using some clever panning techniques and a Waves S1 Imager plug‑in.
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However, security is provided by the Carabinieri (Italian military police) and the city also has a Polizia Locale group.Campione d’Italia: il Generale Maruccia in visita al nucleo Carabinieri di Campione d’Italia, Comozero, 8 February 2019 Previously, mail could be sent to Campione using either a Swiss postal code (CH-6911) or an Italian one (I-22061) via Switzerland or Italy, but the Swiss postal code has ceased to be valid, with mail instead being charged at the same international rate as that between Switzerland and Italy.Campione d’Italia entra nello spazio doganale europeo, Swiss Post, 31 December 2019 Consequently, all mail is now processed and delivered by Poste Italiane, not Swiss Post.IT and CH – Customs territory of Campione d'Italia, Asendia, 23 December 2019 The telephone system remains Swiss, meaning that calls from Italy and all other countries outside Switzerland require the international dialling code for Switzerland (+41, with the exception of the town hall, which can be reached using the code for Italy, +39.
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Operation is similar to the local access numbers (feature group A) except that the 950-XXXX access number is the same in every community, NANP-wide.Feature group 'B' , AT&T;/SBC Some exchanges send the caller's number automatically; where this service is not provided or not desired (calling card applications), the 950-XXXX number must be followed by a calling card number and the long-distance destination number. If ANI is provided, calls from the one subscribed line may be made as 950-XXXX and the long-distance destination. Largely deprecated by feature group D, but the 950 prefix and a list of carrier codesNANPA list of feature group 'B' carrier codes remain reserved in all North American area codes, even in Canada where most providers went from feature group A directly to 1+ default carrier dialling and feature group D (101xxxx + destination) calling without ever using 950-XXXX as a primary means to access alternate long-distance carriers from home land lines.
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Area code 418 was one of the original area codes created by AT&T; in 1947. Since then, the numbering plan area includes mostly the eastern half of the province of Quebec. Ontario and Quebec were the only provinces to receive multiple area codes at the outset. Nominally, northwestern Quebec—one of the few areas of North America without telephone service—was reassigned from area code 514 to 418 in 1957. From the 1950s to the 1970s, 418 was also the area code for the eastern Northwest Territories. However, in the 1970s, as direct distance dialling was introduced to the far northern and western portions of 418, these points were reassigned to area code 819. Despite Quebec City's rapid growth, by the turn of the millennium, 418 was the last of Quebec and Ontario's original four area codes that had never been split. By 2006, however, 418 was on the brink of exhaustion due to Canada's system of number allocation.
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Since the Washington local access and transport area (LATA) spills into portions of Maryland and Virginia, every number in the area that was in Maryland's area code 301 and northern Virginia's area code 703 was given a "hidden" number in the District's area code 202. However, this meant that if a central office code was in use in any portion of the metro area, it could not be used even in areas a safe distance from Washington such as southwestern Virginia or the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Severing the border community from its exhausted home area code using a split plan may prolong the life of a seven-digit exchange code protection scheme if the piece being split off is outside the extended local calling area. Code protection is most often removed entirely in large cities if an overlay plan is implemented, as these plans break the seven-digit dialling that code protection was devised to preserve.
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Until 1995, calls to Malaysia from Singapore were direct and similar to domestic phone calls, with only the area code for fixed line or Malaysian mobile phone code and number being required, hence 03 for Kuala Lumpur fixed line or 019 for Celcom mobile carrier were dialed instead of +60 3 and +60 19\. In 1995, owing to the divergence of the two countries' numbering plans, the Subscriber Trunk Dialling prefix 020 was adopted.Indonesia, Malaysia & Singapore Handbook, Joshua Eliot, Jane Bickersteth, Sebastian Ballard, Trade & Trade & Travel Publications ; New York, NY, 1996, page 542 For example, in order to call a number in Kuala Lumpur, 020 is dialled first, followed by the area code 3 (excluding the leading zero), then the subscriber number.Doing Business and Investing in Singapore, PricewaterhouseCoopers, 1999, page 238 Similarly, calls to Batam, Samarinda, Pekanbaru and Tanjung Pinang in Indonesia require only the code 011, followed by the area code (minus '0') and the subscriber's number, hence to call a number in Batam from Singapore, a subscriber would dial 011 778 xxx xxx, instead of the international code +62 778\.
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When telephone service was introduced in the eastern Northwest Territories (most of this is now the territory of Nunavut created in 1999), at Frobisher Bay in 1958, Bell Canada nominally made it part of Area code 418. Through the 1960s and 1970s, telephone service was introduced, by Bell Canada at other locations in the eastern Northwest Territories and in locations along the Quebec Arctic coastline, as well as by Sotel, an independent company, in the James Bay region. These non-diallable locations also became part of 418. Late in the 1970s, the northern portions of 418 served by Sotel and Bell along James, Hudson and Ungava Bays and Hudson Strait, as well as the eastern Northwest Territories, were assigned to 819 as exchanges in that area began to receive direct distance dialling. Thus 819 now also bordered Area code 709 of Newfoundland in the Torngat Mountain area, and Area code 403 where Bell Canada and Northwestel service areas met, as well as 204 (Manitoba) and 807 (northwestern Ontario).
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There were some business cases for automated dialling, but these tended to be mission specific. One common example was for a bank's central computer to call out to branches to retrieve transactions, thus centralizing the phone costs at the computer site rather than each branch. As these were highly customized applications, this lent itself to the development of a variety of incompatible systems. RS-366 was an effort to standardize the communications with these dialler systems. RS-366, unlike RS-232, was a partially parallel communication system. Although most of the standard used RS-232 serial-like signalling, the digits of the phone number were sent as a 4-bit binary number in parallel on pins 14 through 17, with 14 being the least significant digit. So to send the digit 9, pins 14 (1) and 17 (8) would be put to the "mark" state, whereas the digit 6 would mark pins 15 and 16. With each digit, the host system data terminal equipment (DTE, typically a computer) would raise pin 2 to indicate the digit was ready for the dialler to read.
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While some clear publicity explaining the change was produced, BT's directory-assistance service quoted the codes incorrectly and, until November 2009, their online phonebook still incorrectly showed "0207" as "London Inner" and "0208" as "London Outer". A 2005 television advertisement for the mobile telephony provider O2 promoted a service that allows a user to select two area codes they can call for a reduced price; it also incorrectly showed 0207 and 0208 as different "area codes". Outside London, in the areas that had newly assigned 011x codes in the 1990s, many mistakenly believed that the added digit necessary to lengthen the subscriber number to seven digits was part of their new area code, largely because these places originally had traditional area codes (being non-Director areas) and, as a result, many misquoted their numbers in the 011xx xxxxxx format, rather than in the correct 011x xxx xxxx format. In Reading, the confusion was furthered by the fact that dual running of the original 01734 and new 0118 codes was possible during the migration period, so it was possible to continue dialling the number locally in the six-digit format until 1998, when seven-digit numbers became mandatory.
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Seizure of one of these directors via level "0" passes a discrimination signal to it which causes it to pulse out the routing digits to give access to the operator with no further dialling required by the subscriber.Atkinson, Telephony volume II pp 383, 399. For calls to manual local exchanges with CCI equipment to display the called number to the operator, the equipment required at the manual exchange and the director equipment holding time can be minimised by using storage equipment at the automatic exchange which holds the number information until manual exchange equipment is available.Atkinson, Telephony volume II p 538 The A-digit selector, BC switch and particularly the send switch uniselector of the director were worked much harder than selectors in the switching train which were held for the duration of the call,Atkinson, Telephony volume II p 400 and the noise in the vicinity of director racks in the busy hour could be unbearable. An experimental “all-relay” director (apart from a motor uniselector for the translations) was developed in the 1950s to try to reduce the amount of maintenance the directors needed.
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Evolution of area codes in Ontario and southwestern Quebec The 226 area code was first proposed as a result of an NPA exhaustion study conducted in the 1990s. The issue was raised with the CRTC by telecommunications firms and SAIC Canada, and in 1992 a relief plan was approved (Telecom Decision CRTC 2002-25). Although it primarily accepted the industry proposal, the CRTC required a permissive dialling period of four months, with consistent network announcements to consumers, instead of the proposed two-month period. On April 15, 2003, the committee recommended delaying the introduction of the 226 area code from February 19, 2005 to October 21, 2006, primarily as a result of updated forecasts of the 519 NPA exhaustion projections. The 548 area code was the second area code overlay for the 519 region. The new code was activated on June 4, 2015.Canadian Numbering Administrator (CNA) advised the CRTC on October 12, 2011 that based on the current rate of expansion the current numbering system would be exhausted by January 2017. The CRTC in response developed a relief plan (Telecom Decision CRTC 2012-655) which set the framework for addressing the exhaustion and oversee the addition of an additional overlay number.
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Although London was only divided for ten years, and has since been reunited for much longer, people still frequently quote and write London numbers as if the city and surrounding suburbs were still split up into central and suburban areas by saying and writing "0207" and "0208". If the London number (020) 7222 1234 is written as 0207 222 1234, and then dialled in full, the destination will be reached. However, it is incorrect to place the pause as shown because if the local number is incorrectly dialled on a landline from within London as just 222 1234, as it had been in the past, it will not be connected because the first digit is now missing. On the day of the changeover, one in three callers failed to correctly use eight-digit local dialling. Possible causes for the misunderstanding include the confusion created during the period from 1 June 1999 to 22 April 2000, where it was not possible to dial eight-digit local numbers; the fact that people had become very much accustomed to the audio rhythm of a four-digit area code (from hearing the old codes, "0171" and "0181" repeated previously); and that incorrectly formatted caller ID data continues to be transmitted on some telephone networks even as of 2012.
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Country Code: +55 International Call Prefix: 00 then Carrier Code Trunk Prefix: 0 then Carrier Code This page contains a list of area codes in Brazil for telephone dialling. The area codes are distributed geographically, citing the main cities in each area. Local phone numbers in Brazil observe an eight-digit pattern (nnnn-nnnn) for landlines and nine digits (nnnnn-nnnn) for mobile phones. Mobile numbers share the same geographic area codes as landlines, but the first digit differentiates them. Landline numbers start with digits 2 through 5. Initial digits 6 through 9 are reserved for mobile numbers, but as of 2017 all mobile numbers in Brazil start with the digit 9. (There is an exception for some iDEN mobile lines operated by Nextel, which are eight digits long and start with 7.) Area codes have two digits, and are often notated between parentheses: (aa) nnnn-nnnn. For long-distance calls within Brazil, a zero (0) must be dialed first, then a carrier selection code (for example, 21 for Embratel and 41 for TIM Brasil), then the two-digit area code, then the local number. For example, to call the number 2222-2222 in Fortaleza (area code 85) using Oi (selection code 31) as the chosen carrier, one would dial 0 31 85 2222 2222.
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On 1 December 1998, Spain changed to a new telephone numbering plan.Official Journal of the European Communities: Legislation, Volume 40, Issues 240-251 Under the closed numbering plan with the trunk prefix '9' being incorporated into the subscriber's number, so that a nine-digit number was used for all calls, e.g.:Mediterranean Europe, Lonely Planet, 2005, page 438 9xx xxx xxx (within Spain) +34 9xx xxx xxx (outside Spain) Mobiles similarly changed, and were now prefixed with the digit '6': 908 xxx xxx (within Spain before 1998) +34 08 xxx xxx (outside Spain before 1998) +34 608 xxx xxx (since 1998)Lloyd's Ports of the World, Lloyd's of London Press, 2000, page 788 New numbering ranges have also since been introduced: 10xx Carrier selection codes 5xx xxx xxx Personal Numbering 7yx xxx xxx (since 2009–2010; note y cannot be 0 (zero) because this is allocated as a personal number, see below) 8xx xxx xxx Geographic expansion 800 xxx xxx Freephone 900 xxx xxx Freephone 80x xxx xxx Shared-cost 90x xxx xxx Shared-cost Spain's international access code also changed from 07 to 00, but this did not affect dialling arrangements for calls to Gibraltar, with the 9567 prefix being retained.Southern Spain, Insight Guides, 1998 In addition, it was possible to call Gibraltar from other countries via Spain using the prefix +34 9567.
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