Water Defense had found high levels of chloroform in her water.
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The cause of death was given as "chloroform poisoning," the report said.
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The 100 exposed drums contain ethyl benzene, chloroform, toluene, xylene, and other organic chemicals.
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They're going to chloroform the whole family, and, in Rose's case, overdo the dosage.
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In January, the Onslow County, North Carolina, Sheriff's Office said Mariah died by chloroform toxicity.
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Miss Martha puts him under with chloroform, then cleans the wound and stitches it up.
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Concentrations of acetone and chloroform outside the blast zone were also within normal limits, it added.
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I've watched enough horror films to spot when someone's trying to chloroform me into sexual submission.
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The EPA has since classified chloroform, a byproduct of chlorinating water, as a probable human carcinogen.
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Trial testimony also revealed there were computer searches for "how to make chloroform" on the family computer.
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Mariah Woods was killed by chloroform toxicity, the Onslow County, North Carolina, Sheriff's Office said on Wednesday.
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" The medical debate over pain control quieted, and the procedure became known as "chloroform à la reine.
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And a plot for a woman to seduce men, drug them with chloroform and then rob them.
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They concluded it's very unlikely Casey could have made her own chloroform successfully due to its complicated recipe.
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" During trial, prosecutors presented evidence showing Anthony had recently Googled terms like "neck breaking" and "how to make chloroform.
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They concluded it's very unlikely Casey Anthony could have made her own chloroform successfully due to its complicated recipe.
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Concentrations of acetone and chloroform outside the perimeter of the explosion zone were also within normal limits, it added.
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She claimed to have had clients who have shown up with chloroform or who have tried to kill her.
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Often, it contains small amounts of volatile, toxic, organic compounds such as benzene, formaldehyde, butadiene, carbon tetrachloride, naphthalene and chloroform.
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Whereas when Lister starts operating, there is ether and chloroform, so you don't have the patient struggling against the knife.
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Her spangled drone folk floats quietly on a cloud of clove smoke and chloroform, inviting and intimidating in shifting measures.
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It had previously put coffee as a "possible carcinogen" in its 2B category alongside chloroform, lead and many other substances.
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The author has a fondness for deepities from figures like the French poet Paul Valéry, whose utterances here are chloroform.
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There are some chemical disinfectants, including bleach, 75% ethanol, peracetic acid and chloroform, that may kill the virus on surfaces.
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IARC had previously put coffee as a "possible carcinogen" in its 2B category alongside chloroform, lead and many other substances.
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She was so delighted to be given chloroform for the birth of her eighth, that baby Leopold was nicknamed Anesthesia.
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Desiigner posted a bizarre video ... trying to incapacitate the pizza delivery guy with chloroform ... at least that's the way it appears.
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CNN also noted that the EPA had found the site to be within federal limits for PCE and chloroform in 2015.
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A lot of history's best ideas are products of simultaneous invention: calculus, chloroform, crossbows, color photography, the concept of gravity, escape rooms.
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She's now a science teacher in Australia, and we get these reports with chloroform levels and pH levels and I'm like, 'Hmmm.
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Video Chloroform, a volatile chemical used as an anesthetic in small doses, could be toxic in large amounts, Raleigh&aposs WRAL-TV reported .
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But prosecutors alleged Casey Anthony used chloroform to render her daughter unconscious and then duct-taped her mouth and nose to suffocate her.
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All fun and games in November, but had this been June, CP3 would have pulled chloroform and a hankie out of his sock.
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The EWG's "health standard" is 1 ppb, which makes it seem like my water is more than 30 times too polluted with chloroform.
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In the mid-19th century, when chloroform was found to have anesthetic qualities, Queen Victoria's physicians cautioned her against using it during childbirth.
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The inventor of chloroform wrote under a pseudonym to complain that Lister was taking credit for having discovered the miracles of carbolic acid.
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Pain free surgical operations and dentistry, and reduced suffering in childbirth were obvious and immediate benefits of breathing chemicals like ether and chloroform.
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Fellow board member Terry Quill is an industry lawyer and former society president, who led the society's push against labeling chloroform as carcinogenic.
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Earlier this month, Perry suggested that Anthony may have accidentally killed her daughter while trying to calm her with chloroform, according to the Orlando Sentinel.
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Many commonly used solvents, like chloroform, acetone and hexane, are harmful and volatile, posing risks to people who inhale them as well as the environment.
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The plants destroy these compounds rather than store them, explained Strand, turning chloroform into chloride ions and carbon dioxide, which it then uses during photosynthesis.
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"One of the things that we discovered was that chloroform has never actually been used on somebody against their will as a murder weapon," said Clemente.
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Through a morbid combination of procedures requiring chloroform, spatulas, scissors and chemistry equipment, they analyzed specific chemical dietary markers for animal meat, natural plant life, and bait.
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Finally, in 1853, before the birth of her eighth child, Prince Leopold, she was allowed to inhale chloroform for 53 minutes from a handkerchief, according to historians.
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Then one night, thieves break into the house and chloroform the whole family, including Nicky, who wakes up in the hospital to discover that Rose has died.
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The drugs of choice back then were ether, chloroform and nitrous oxide, and within a short time they were widely used across the country and around the world.
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Women's Voices for the Earth, an environmental advocacy group, tested pads from the brand Always in 2014, and found the products released chemicals like styrene, chloroethane and chloroform.
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The gene they picked was for cytochrome P450 13E1, a mammalian enzyme that oxidises a wide range of volatile organic compounds, including benzene, chloroform, trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride.
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To test the effectiveness of their idea, the researchers put their modified ivy to work inside chambers filled with air containing high levels of either benzene or chloroform.
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Mariah's death by chloroform toxicity was announced in January by the Onslow County Sheriff's Office, which did not reveal how Mariah might have come into contact with the substance.
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It's unclear if she was asked directly about the judge from her case theorizing last week that Caylee died when Anthony accidentally used too much chloroform to sedate her.
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Oddly enough, the author also claims that the ice cream trucks are singularly targeting girls, despite claiming that the perpetrators are lacing all of their ice-cream wares with chloroform.
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All he knew for certain was what the lab tests eventually told him: that contrary to what Water Defense had told her, the chloroform levels were typical for American cities.
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So many Londoners chose to give their pets "the gift of sleep" that half-mile-long lines stretched around clinics, causing both a chloroform shortage and a waste management crisis.
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In 2015, this well in Dorado, which is located near a shopping center, was found by the EPA to be safely within federal standards for PCE and chloroform, two industrial chemicals.
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Two years later at a closely watched trial, prosecution alleged that Casey used chloroform on her daughter and suffocated her by putting duct tape over the little girl's mouth and nose.
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The report, released Wednesday, also confirmed earlier statements from authorities that Mariah Woods was killed by chloroform poisoning, but it offered no additional details to explain how, reports local TV station WXII.
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Fifteen drops and a handkerchief to the nose later, she awoke raving about "that blessed chloroform, soothing and delightful beyond measure" that had been administered by (a very nervous) Dr. John Snow.
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Testing of the top 85033 cleaning products, commissioned by Women's Voices for the Earth, revealed hidden toxic chemicals such as toluene, 1,4-dioxane, phthalates, chloroform, a synthetic musk, and several known allergens.
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" Silas, who said he'd had three gin and tonics before performing, said he'd planned to joke about asking Weinstein where to obtain chloroform "but something told me that would be in poor taste.
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However, earlier this month, Judge Belvin Perry Jr., who presided at Anthony's trial, suggested that Anthony may have accidentally killed her daughter while trying to calm her with chloroform, according to the Orlando Sentinel.
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The plants performed well, reducing benzene levels from 2,000 milligrams per cubic metre to 250 over the course of eight days, and chloroform levels from 800 to near zero over the course of 11.
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The allegations against her were horrifying: Anthony, then in her early 20s, was accused of killing Caylee with chloroform, duct taping her mouth, and throwing her body in a wooded area near her home.
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"It's quite evident that whoever did this, and more than likely it may have been Casey, used too much (chloroform)," he said, pointing to high levels of the chemical in the trunk of her car.
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But the team focused in on its ability to break down the harmful compounds benzene and chloroform, which have been linked with cancer, according to the American Cancer Society and the US Environmental Protection Agency.
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But according to the federal complaint, the gang had a wide range of maniacal schemes in the works—including robbing people by seducing them and drugging them with chloroform, and running an illegal poker business.
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Unmodified versions of Devil's vine, tested for comparison, reduced benzene only from 2,000 to 1,400 milligrams per cubic metres over the same eight-day period, and had no statistically significant effect on chloroform levels at all.
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HPLC involves dropping the bud into a beaker of solvent such as methanol or chloroform, and running it through a pressurized column to isolate the mixture's components once the THC has been extracted into the solvent.
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With cocaine tonics via Coca-Cola, chloroform for exhaustion, and amphetamines for long shifts, humans have intoxicated themselves to control and optimize their time: to wake up, to work, to sleep, and to stretch out the weekend.
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Driving with his elbows to clean a bottle — which Mongeau thought contained chloroform — was the last straw for Mongeau and Imari, who decided to get out of the car early at the next service station they saw.
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Unaltered pothos plants did break down chloroform and benzene to clean the air, but the researchers found that the modified plant did so far more efficiently -- making it more useful as a potential filter in the home.
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For example, my water utility reported an average of 30.9 parts per billion (ppb) of chloroform—a chemical used to disinfect water that has been associated with certain types of cancer—in my drinking water in 2015.
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Not on this list, but worth mentioning: Joe Biden's "Promise Me, Dad" and Hillary Clinton's "What Happened," two strong political memoirs, a true rarity (the genre's generally a dud, an excuse to peddle bromides dipped in chloroform).
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At a pub in Bradford in 1864, Emma Sharp, who was attempting to cover 1,000 miles in 1,000 hours, defended herself with pistols against men trying to win their bets by pressing chloroform-soaked cloths into her face.
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Methyl chloroform is an industrial solvent that, like methane, can only be removed from the atmosphere by reacting with OH; its emissions are much better known, so it's used to infer how much OH is in the atmosphere.
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Still in her pink lingerie, playing with wildflowers outside the open car door, Jay seems perfectly happy with the sex she's just had—until Hugh gags her with chloroform and she wakes up strapped in a wheelchair under a bridge.
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In 2017, Casey told the Associated Press she admitted to lying to police and former Circuit Judge Belvin Perry Jr., who presided at the trial, theorized that Casey may have killed Anthony accidentally when she was using chloroform to calm her.
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The rich and royal have always had access to the best medical care available, and that remains as true today as it was in 1853, when a pregnant Queen Victoria gingerly availed herself of a cutting-edge new anesthetic: chloroform.
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To test the plants' powers of purification, the team placed unaltered as well as altered plants in glass tubes containing either chloroform or benzene gas and left them for 11 days before measuring the concentration of gas in each of the tubes.
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Belvin Perry, a retired Florida judge who is now an attorney, told HLN's "On The Story" that he thinks the death of Caylee Anthony was the result of someone overdosing the child with chloroform, which is banned in the United States as an anesthetic.
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A spokesperson from the EWG said in an email that it got the figure from a 2010 draft California Office of Environmental Health Hazard assessment, which indicated 1 ppb of chloroform is low enough for a "one-in-a-million" lifetime risk of cancer.
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Inhaled gases like ether and chloroform had been in use as anesthetics for more than 100 years when Dr. Eger graduated from medical school in 1955, but there was still no clear standard for dosing, or for comparing the strength of one gas to another.
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The article starts by saying that there are, "recent reports of ice-cream trucks putting Chloroform inside in (sic) the ice-cream in USA," It goes on to baselessly claim that there have been multiple cases recently of ice cream truck drivers attempting to kidnap children.
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The state of California did not list chloroform specifically as part of its public health goals, but its website states that 20 ppb is the oral "no significant risk level" under Proposition 65, or the the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act enacted in 1986.
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The lyric video — which already has nearly 5 million views — looks like someone tried very hard to make an animated Hitchcock poster but accidentally made something that looks more like an abandoned Scooby-Doo episode in which the gang finds out that Daphne is secretly huffing chloroform and murdering journalists.
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The photographs include portraits of local figures, like anatomist Robert Knox (now infamous for his involvement with the bodysnatchers Burke and Hare), James Young Simpson who invented chloroform, writer and influential art critic Elizabeth Eastlake, and Isabella Burns Begg, the sister of poet Robert Burns, who stares out from one of their images with piercing eyes.
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While the World Health Organization has said that "bleach/chlorine-based disinfectants, ether solvents, 75% ethanol, peracetic acid and chloroform" are all great ways to kill 2019-nCoV on surfaces, it's not clear as to why this particular seller bought 12 gallons worth of disinfectant, or why they urge buyers to "stock and prepare before its gone."
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Once we know that Victoria kicked off the trend for white wedding dresses; popularized the use of chloroform during childbirth (disregarding the established belief that its pain was the payback for original sin); wrote a yearly personal letter to Joseph Merrick, the "Elephant Man"; and placed a "sultry" portrait of herself inside her husband's coffin, she takes on a specificity of character that brings a warm immediacy to the historical narrative.
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Pro-rape chants at orientation week in 219 at Saint Mary's University in Nova Scotia drew sharp criticism, as did the exposure in 299 of a secret all-male Facebook group promoting misogynistic views at Dalhousie University's dentistry school (members joked about using chloroform on their female classmates and "converting" lesbians with their penises.) Allegations that the University of British Columbia failed to properly address multiple reports of a serial predator on campus surfaced last year.
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The total global flux of chloroform through the environment is approximately tonnes per year, and about 90% of emissions are natural in origin. Many kinds of seaweed produce chloroform, and fungi are believed to produce chloroform in soil. Abiotic process is also believed to contribute to natural chloroform productions in soils although the mechanism is still unclear. Chloroform volatilizes readily from soil and surface water and undergoes degradation in air to produce phosgene, dichloromethane, formyl chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen chloride.
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Chloroform was deemed a factor in the alleged murder of a woman in 1991 when she was asphyxiated while sleeping. In a 2007 plea bargain, a man confessed to using stun guns and chloroform to sexually assault minors. Use of chloroform as an incapacitating agent has become widely recognized, bordering on clichéd, due to the popularity of crime fiction authors having criminals use chloroform-soaked rags to render victims unconscious. However, it is nearly impossible to incapacitate someone using chloroform in this manner.
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Chloroform has reputedly been used by criminals to knock out, daze, or even murder victims. Joseph Harris was charged in 1894 with using chloroform to rob people. Serial killer H. H. Holmes used chloroform overdoses to kill his female victims. In September 1900, chloroform was implicated in the murder of the American businessman William Marsh Rice, the namesake of the institution now known as Rice University.
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In 1847 chloroform was introduced as an anaesthetic by James Young Simpson. Chloroform was favoured by doctors and hospital staff because it is much less flammable than ether, but critics complained that it could cause the patient to have a heart attack. Chloroform gained in popularity in England and Germany after John Snow gave Queen Victoria chloroform for the birth of her eighth child (Prince Leopold). By 1920, chloroform was used in 80 to 95% of all narcoses performed in the UK and German-speaking countries.
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According to the Environmental Protection Agency, chloroform can enter the air from the process of chlorination. Short-term exposure to chloroform can lead to central nervous system depression, while long term exposure can lead to hepatitis, jaundice, and effects on the central nervous system (EPA, Chloroform).
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While chloroform has no known environmental hazards, large amounts of exposure to chloroform can cause alterations in the mind, such as depression and irritability. Larger amounts of exposure can cause other diseases such as Hepatitis and Jaundice. Chloroform is also anticipated to be a human carcinogen.
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Like nondeuterated chloroform, chloroform-d is hepatotoxic and likely to be carcinogenic. In addition, exposure to light and oxygen results in the formation of highly toxic phosgene.
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The Chloroform Committee was commissioned by the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society (now known as the Royal Society of Medicine) in 1864 to investigate the use of chloroform. The committee recommended the use of chloroform in the same year (although ether was safer for patients). It was the first of such committees (see the box at the bottom of this page) and concluded that chloroform depresses the action of the heart and frequently kills. One of the members, Joseph Clover, during his time on the committee developed apparatus for using chloroform called the Clover bag.
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Only chloroform has significant applications of the haloforms. In the predominant application, chloroform is required for the production of tetrafluoroethylene, precursor to teflon. Chloroform is fluorinated by reaction with hydrogen fluoride to produce chlorodifluoromethane (R-22). Pyrolysis of chlorodifluoromethane (at 550-750 °C) yields TFE, with difluorocarbene as an intermediate.
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Deuterated chloroform is an isotopologue of chloroform with a single deuterium atom. CDCl3 is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. Deuterochloroform is produced by the haloform reaction, the reaction of acetone (or ethanol) with sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite. The haloform process is now obsolete for the production of ordinary chloroform.
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Wells moved to New York City in January 1848, leaving his wife and young son behind in Hartford. He lived alone at 120 Chambers St in Lower Manhattan and began self-experimenting with ether and chloroform, and he became addicted to chloroform. The effects were unknown of sniffing chloroform and ether.Smith, Ken.
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Deuterated chloroform (CDCl3), also known as chloroform-d, is an isotopically enriched form of chloroform (CHCl3) in which most its hydrogen atoms consist of the heavier nuclide deuterium (heavy hydrogen) (D = 2H) rather than the natural isotopic mixture in which protium (1H) is predominant.Since non- enriched hydrogen is mostly protium (99.85%), with only a trace of deuterium (0.15%), this enrichment in deuterium is colloquially, though somewhat inaccurately, described as "replacement" of hydrogen ("H") with deuterium ("D"). Deuterated chloroform is by far the most common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. While dichloromethane and chloroform (trichloromethane) are both commonly used solvents that dissolve a wide range of other organic compounds, deuterated chloroform is more easily produced and much less expensive than deuterated dichloromethane.
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Following chloroform-induced anesthesia, some patients suffered nausea, vomiting, hyperthermia, jaundice, and coma due to hepatic dysfunction. At autopsy, liver necrosis and degeneration have been observed. Chloroform has induced liver tumors in mice and kidney tumors in mice and rats. The hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of chloroform is thought to be due largely to phosgene.
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Then chloroform is evaporated using a gentle stream of nitrogen (to avoid oxygen contact and oxidation of lipids) at room temperature. A rotary evaporator can be used to form a homogeneous layer of liposomes. This step removes the bulk of chloroform. To remove the residues of trapped chloroform, lipids are placed under vacuum from several hours to overnight.
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Cerberin is soluble in chloroform, acetone, and, moderately, in water.
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Chloroform is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P-450 enzymes, by oxidation to chloromethanol and by reduction to the dichloromethyl free radical. Other metabolites of chloroform include hydrochloric acid and digluathionyl dithiocarbonate, with carbon dioxide as the predominant end product of metabolism. Like most other general anesthetics and sedative-hypnotic drugs, chloroform is a positive allosteric modulator for the GABAA receptor. Chloroform causes depression of the central nervous system (CNS), ultimately producing deep coma and respiratory center depression.
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The purpose of adding chloroform along with phenol is to ensure a clear separation between the aqueous and organic phases. Chloroform and phenol mix well together, unlike phenol and water. The density of chloroform is 1.47 g/cm3, higher than that of water and phenol. Mixing chloroform and phenol creates a denser solution than phenol alone, and therefore the separation of the organic from the aqueous phase is even clearer than if only phenol was added to a cell sample.
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The reservations about chloroform could not halt its soaring popularity. Between about 1865 and 1920, chloroform was used in 80 to 95% of all narcoses performed in the UK and the German-speaking countries.
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In fact, the use of chloroform versus ether as the primary anesthetic gas varied by country and region. For instance, Britain and the American South stuck with chloroform while the American North returned to ether. John Snow quickly became the most experienced British physician working with the new anesthetic gases of ether and chloroform thus becoming, in effect, the first British anesthetist. Through his careful clinical records he was eventually able to convince the elite of London medicine that anesthesia (chloroform) had a rightful place in childbirth.
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Chloroform converts slowly in air to phosgene (COCl2), releasing HCl in the process. :2 CHCl3 \+ O2 → 2 COCl2 \+ 2 HCl To prevent accidents, commercial chloroform is stabilized with ethanol or amylene, but samples that have been recovered or dried no longer contain any stabilizer. Amylene has been found ineffective, and the phosgene can affect analytes in samples, lipids, and nucleic acids dissolved in or extracted with chloroform. Phosgene and HCl can be removed from chloroform by washing with saturated aqueous carbonate solutions, such as sodium bicarbonate.
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Similar to chloroform, methylene chloride is a solvent, with the chemical formula CH2Cl2. It can be found in all similar compounds as chloroform but can cause a lot more damage to the body than the former.
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For example, acetone / methanol / chloroform form an intermediate boiling (saddle) azeotrope. For example, if equal volumes of chloroform (water solubility 0.8 g/100 ml at 20 °C) and water are shaken together and then left to stand, the liquid will separate into two layers. Analysis of the layers shows that the top layer is mostly water with a small amount of chloroform dissolved in it, and the bottom layer is mostly chloroform with a small amount of water dissolved in it. If the two layers are heated together, the system of layers will boil at 53.3 °C, which is lower than either the boiling point of chloroform (61.2 °C) or the boiling point of water (100 °C).
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It was formerly used to produce iodoform, bromoform, and even chloroform industrially.
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Its toxicity is comparable to that of chloroform. Its TLV is 10ppm.
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UNSWDHB, which dechlorinate chloroform to dichloromethane, and its reductive dehalogenase were identified.
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Elaterin is extracted from elaterium by chloroform and then precipitated by ether.
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Saddle azeotropic system Methanol/Acetone/Chloroform calculated with mod. UNIFAC The rules for positive and negative azeotropes apply to all the examples discussed so far, but there are some examples that don't fit into the categories of positive or negative azeotropes. The best known of these is the ternary azeotrope formed by 30% acetone, 47% chloroform, and 23% methanol, which boils at 57.5 °C. Each pair of these constituents forms a binary azeotrope, but chloroform/methanol and acetone/methanol both form positive azeotropes while chloroform/acetone forms a negative azeotrope.
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Clover's chloroform apparatus was invented in 1862. Chloroform, being much more potent than ether, was much easier to give in overdose. At a time when the anaesthetist was often an untrained assistant, many deaths occurred through accidental overdose. Clover's solution was a large reservoir bag of known capacity, lined with goldbeater's skin to make it airtight, into which a measured volume of chloroform liquid was placed.
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Jüngken was among the first physicians to use chloroform for eye surgery operations.
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Inflating the bag to its capacity with a bellows provided a known, accurate and constant concentration of chloroform vapour in air, making delivery safer and more controllable.Rushman, page 57. A vaporiser was no longer necessary, but the bag was large and cumbersome. A dose of 20 minims (1.18 millilitres) of chloroform per 1000 cubic inches (16.38 litres) of air would provide a concentration of chloroform vapour of 2.25%.
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Besides its use in the synthesis of banana oil, isoamyl alcohol is also an ingredient of Kovac's reagent, used for the bacterial diagnostic indole test. It is also used as an antifoaming agent in the chloroform isoamyl alcohol reagent. Isoamyl alcohol is used in a phenol–chloroform extraction mixed with the chloroform to further inhibit RNase activity and prevent solubility of RNAs with long tracts of poly-adenine.
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Dibromofluoromethane is a mixed halomethane. It is soluble in alcohol, acetone, benzene and chloroform.
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Gordon, Henry L. Sir James Young Simpson and Chloroform (1811-1870). Ed. Ernest Hart.
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In the Kharasch addition, chloroform forms the CHCl2 free radical in addition to alkenes.
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However, fewer deaths from ACE mixture were reported than deaths from chloroform or ether.
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An advocate of euthanasia for the terminally ill, Gilman died by suicide on August 17, 1935, by taking an overdose of chloroform. In both her autobiography and suicide note, she wrote that she "chose chloroform over cancer" and she died quickly and quietly.
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Snow, John. “On the Administration of Chloroform during Parturition.” Association Medical Journal, vol. 1, no.
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Pinosylvin is solid and needle-like. It is very soluble on acetone, benzene and chloroform.
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ACE mixture was most commonly made up in the ratio: 1 part alcohol, 2 parts chloroform, and 3 parts ether although other ratios existed. See 'other preparations' below. Chloroform (which was first used in 1847) used on its own produces myocardial depression, however the excitatory properties of the alcohol and ether contained with the chloroform in the ACE mixture was believed to reduce this. However, some did question this experimentally at the time.
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Many DCCC solvent systems contain both chloroform and water. The solvent system used in the seminal publication was made from chloroform, acetic acid, and aqueous 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. Many subsequent solvents systems were made with chloroform, methanol, and water which is sometimes represented as a ChMWat solvent system. Solvent systems formulated with n-butanol, water and a modifier such as acetic acid, pyridine or n-propanol have also enjoyed some success in DCCC.
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Some anaerobic bacteria use chloroform for their respiration, termed Halorespiration]organohalide respiration, converting it to dichloromethane.
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During the early years of anaesthesia, he performed important experiments with chloroform and ether on animals.
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Chavicol is miscible with alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Dimerization of chavicol gives the neo- lignan magnolol.
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Chloramine is readily soluble in water and ether, but less soluble in chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
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Octacosanol is insoluble in water but freely soluble in low molecular-weight alkanes and in chloroform.
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In the first year in Taiyuan, Schofield was learning Chinese. He treated 50 inpatients and 1,500 outpatients, carrying out three operations under chloroform. By his second year he had 6,631 patients: much of his work was treating wolf bites. He performed 292 operations, with 47 under chloroform.
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Recently, a chloroform-degrading reductive dehalogenase enzyme has been reported in a Dehalobacter member. The chloroform reductive dehalogenase, termed TmrA, was found to be transcriptional up- regulated in response to chloroform respiration and the enzyme can be obtained both in native and recombinant forms. Additionally, reductive dechlorination can be further used in bioremediation of other toxins such as PCBs and CFCs. The reductive dechlorination of PCBs is performed by anaerobic microorganisms that utilize the PCB as an electron sink.
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In 1847, Scottish obstetrician James Young Simpson was the first to demonstrate the anesthetic properties of chloroform on humans and helped to popularize the drug for use in medicine. Its use spread quickly and gained royal approval in 1853 when John Snow gave it to Queen Victoria during the birth of Prince Leopold. During the birth itself, chloroform met all the Queen's expectations; she stated it was "delightful beyond measure". Chloroform was not without fault though.
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Some of the laboratory techniques associated with biological specimen storage include phenol-chloroform extraction, PCR, and RFLP.
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For example, CHCl3 (chloroform) is trichloromethane. The anesthetic Halothane (CF3CHBrCl) is 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane.
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His contribution to the understanding of the anaesthetic properties of chloroform had a major impact on surgery.
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When ingested, chloroform caused symptoms similar to those seen following inhalation. Serious illness has followed ingestion of . The mean lethal oral dose for an adult is estimated at about . The anesthetic use of chloroform has been discontinued because it caused deaths due to respiratory failure and cardiac arrhythmias.
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Some people used chloroform as a recreational drug or to attempt suicide. One possible mechanism of action for chloroform is that it increases movement of potassium ions through certain types of potassium channels in nerve cells. Chloroform could also be mixed with other anesthetic agents such as ether to make C.E. mixture, or ether and alcohol to make A.C.E. mixture. In 1848, Hannah Greener, a 15-year-old girl who was having an infected toenail removed, died after being given the anesthetic.
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The compound is a dark purple solid that dissolves in nonpolar organic solvents such as chloroform and benzene.
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Her autopsy establishing the cause of death was undertaken by John Fife assisted by Robert Mortimer Glover. A number of physically fit patients died after inhaling it. However, in 1848 John Snow developed an inhaler that regulated the dosage and so successfully reduced the number of deaths. The opponents and supporters of chloroform were mainly at odds with the question of whether the complications were solely due to respiratory disturbance or whether chloroform had a specific effect on the heart. Between 1864 and 1910 numerous commissions in Britain studied chloroform, but failed to come to any clear conclusions. It was only in 1911 that Levy proved in experiments with animals that chloroform can cause cardiac fibrillation.
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It takes at least five minutes of inhaling an item soaked in chloroform to render a person unconscious. Most criminal cases involving chloroform also involve another drug being co-administered, such as alcohol or diazepam, or the victim being found to have been complicit in its administration. After a person has lost consciousness due to chloroform inhalation, a continuous volume must be administered and the chin must be supported to keep the tongue from obstructing the airway, a difficult procedure typically requiring the skills of an anesthesiologist. In 1865 as a direct result of the criminal reputation chloroform had gained, medical journal The Lancet offered a "permanent scientific reputation" to anyone who could demonstrate "instantaneous insensibility", i.e.
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Regarding a photo on the computer of Ricardo Morales, an ex-boyfriend of Casey Anthony, depicting a poster with the caption "Win her over with Chloroform," Morales said that the photo was on his Myspace page and that he had never discussed chloroform with Anthony or searched for chloroform on her computer. The prosecution called John Dennis Bradley, a former Canadian law enforcement officer who develops software for computer investigations, to analyze a data file from a desktop taken from the Anthony home. Bradley said he was able to use a program to recover deleted searches from March 17 and March 21, 2008, and that someone searched the website Sci-spot.com for "chloroform" 84 times.
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The molecular structure of chloroform, one of the simplest trihalides. A trihalide in chemistry is an organohalide consisting of three halide atoms bonded to a single atom or compound. An example of a trihalide is chloroform. The trihalomethanes are the simplest trihalides, because only one hydrogen is connected to the carbon.
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Other chemicals that it wanted to phase out were halons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, hydrochloroforlourocarbons, hydrobromofluorocarbons, and methyl bromide.
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Bromoform (CHBr3) is a brominated organic solvent, colorless liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform. It is a trihalomethane, and is one of the four haloforms, the others being fluoroform, chloroform, and iodoform. Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating chloroform with aluminium bromide. Currently its main use is as a laboratory reagent.
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Residue curve map of the ternary mixture of chloroform, methanol, and acetone The ternary mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetone has three binary azeotropes and one ternary azeotrope. Together with the three pure components the system has seven nodes which altogether form four distallation regions. Two nodes are stable (pure methanol and the binary azeotrope of chloroform and acetone which have both the lowest vapor pressure (isothermal calculation) in their two regions where they are part of. The other two binary azeotropes are unstable nodes.
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May 27, 2011. Witness John Dennis Bradley's software, developed for computer investigations, was used by the prosecution to indicate that Casey had conducted extensive computer searches on the word "chloroform" 84 times, and to suggest that Anthony had planned to commit murder. He later discovered that a flaw in the software misread the forensic data and that the word "chloroform" had been searched for only one time and the website in question offered information on the use of chloroform in the 19th century (see ).
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It was a mixture of alcohol, chloroform and ether which gives the mixture its name. Its effects were said to be between that of chloroform and ether and it was used when ether alone was contraindicated. Its boiling point was given as °C. Its actual safety margin over its components alone was marginal.
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Subjects of recent exhibitions have included: breast cancer care, Charles Bell, chloroform, Joseph Lister, women's hospitals, and James Young Simpson.
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It is soluble in ether, benzene, chloroform, carbon disulfide, and concentrated sulfuric acid. It is stored in sealed glass ampoules.
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The Special Chloroform Committee of the British Medical Association (sometimes referred to as the "Third Chloroform Committee" ) was established in 1901 following the annual meeting of the British Medical Association and it produced its last final report 1910. The committee was instigated to investigate chloroform which was a subject of great interest to the profession and the public at the time. The committee was started with a budget of £100 and the committee was chaired by Dr. A. D. Waller, F.R.S., and consisted of Dr. Barr, Dr. Dudley Buxton, Sit Victor Horsley, Dr. Sherrington and Dr Walker (and later Mr. A. Vernon Hardcourt and Professor Dunstan) "to investigate methods of quantitatively determining the presence of chloroform in the air and the living body".
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The hydrogen attached to carbon in chloroform participates in hydrogen bonding. Worldwide, chloroform is also used in pesticide formulations, as a solvent for fats, oils, rubber, alkaloids, waxes, gutta-percha, and resins, as a cleansing agent, grain fumigant, in fire extinguishers, and in the rubber industry. CDCl3 is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy.
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There are several methods to prepare unilamellar liposomes and the protocols differ based on the type of desired unilamellar vesicles. Different lipids can be bought either dissolved in chloroform or as lyophilized lipids. In the case of lyophilized lipids, they can be solubilized in chloroform. Lipids are then mixed with a desired molar ratio.
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Pd2(dba)3 First reported in 1970, it is prepared from dibenzylideneacetone and sodium tetrachloropalladate. Because it is commonly recrystallized from chloroform, the complex is often supplied as the adduct [Pd2(dba)3·CHCl3].Jiro Tsuji and Ian J. S. Fairlamb "Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium–Chloroform" E-EROS, 2008. The purity of samples can be variable.
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Many solvents can lead to a sudden loss of consciousness if inhaled in large amounts. Solvents like diethyl ether and chloroform have been used in medicine as anesthetics, sedatives, and hypnotics for a long time. Ethanol (grain alcohol) is a widely used and abused psychoactive drug. Diethyl ether, chloroform, and many other solvents e.g.
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In 1847, Scottish obstetrician James Young Simpson (1811–1870) of Edinburgh was the first to use chloroform as a general anesthetic on a human (Robert Mortimer Glover had written on this possibility in 1842 but only used it on dogs). The use of chloroform anesthesia expanded rapidly thereafter in Europe. Chloroform began to replace ether as an anesthetic in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. It was soon abandoned in favor of ether when its hepatic and cardiac toxicity, especially its tendency to cause potentially fatal cardiac dysrhythmias, became apparent.
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In the presence of chloroform or BCP (bromochloropropane), these solvents separate entirely into two phases that are recognized by their color: a clear, upper aqueous phase (containing the nucleic acids) and a lower phase (containing the proteins dissolved in phenol and the lipids dissolved in chloroform). Other denaturing chemicals such as 2-mercaptoethanol and sarcosine may also be used. The major downside is that phenol and chloroform are both hazardous and inconvenient materials, and the extraction is often laborious, so in recent years many companies now offer alternative ways to isolate RNA.
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By not calling it this he effectively snubbed Simpson whilst at the same time appearing to honour him. The use of chloroform during surgery expanded rapidly thereafter in Europe. In the 1850s, chloroform was used during the birth of Queen Victoria's last two children. In the United States, chloroform began to replace ether as an anesthetic at the beginning of the 20th century; however, it was quickly abandoned in favor of ether upon discovery of its toxicity, especially its tendency to cause fatal cardiac arrhythmia analogous to what is now termed "sudden sniffer's death".
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Although the method of sample collection is different for soil, water samples, etc., the extraction-derivatization is generally similar to the following protocol from an article on soil microbial communities. The lipids were extracted from the dried soil sample by use of a chloroform-methanol-phosphate buffer mixture by use of a brief sonication followed by shaking for 2 hours and centrifugation to pellet the soil material. The liquid above the soil had additional chloroform and water added to cause separation of the lipid-containing chloroform from the buffer/methanol phase.
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Phenol–chloroform extraction is a liquid-liquid extraction technique in molecular biology used to separate nucleic acids from proteins and lipids.
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Phospholipids or some detergents aid the transfer of thiocyanatoiron into chlorinated solvents like chloroform and can be determined in this fashion.
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The haloform reaction can also occur inadvertently in domestic settings. Bleaching with hypochlorite generates halogenated compounds in side reactions; chloroform is the main byproduct. Sodium hypochlorite solution (chlorine bleach) mixed with common household liquids such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol can produce some chloroform, in addition to other compounds such as chloroacetone or dichloroacetone.
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In a phenol–chloroform extraction, addition of a phenol/chloroform mixture will dissolve protein and lipid contaminants, leaving the nucleic acids in the aqueous phase. It also denatures proteins, like DNase, which is especially important if the plasmids are to be used for enzyme digestion. Otherwise, smearing may occur in enzyme restricted form of plasmid DNA.
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PEP is of very low solubility in water, acetone, chloroform, dioxane, and ethanol, but dissolves readily in bases, especially in aqueous pyridine.
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Empty containers of chloroform and knock out drops found near the body led the authorities to conclude that Eytinge had drugged Leicht.
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It is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in ethanol, chloroform and acetone. The drug's solubility is practically independent of pH.
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Chloroform was formerly produced thus. Chlorine adds to the multiple bonds on alkenes and alkynes as well, giving di- or tetra-chloro compounds.
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Other relatives of ethanol with similar effects include chloral hydrate, paraldehyde, and many volatile and inhalational anesthetics (e.g., chloroform, diethyl ether, and isoflurane).
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For this reason exposure to heat, sparks, and flame should be avoided. Formvar is most commonly dissolved in ethylene dichloride, chloroform, and dioxane.
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Resorcinol crystallizes from benzene as colorless needles that are readily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, but insoluble in chloroform and carbon disulfide.
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In America, however, there was less enthusiasm for chloroform narcosis. In Germany, the first comprehensive surveys of the fatality rate during anesthesia were made by Gurlt between 1890 and 1897. In 1934, Killian gathered all the statistics compiled until then and found that the chances of suffering fatal complications under ether were between 1:14,000 and 1:28,000, whereas under chloroform the chances were between 1:3,000 and 1:6,000. The rise of gas anesthesia using nitrous oxide, improved equipment for administering anesthetics and the discovery of hexobarbital in 1932 led to the gradual decline of chloroform narcosis.
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The first use of anesthesia in the Southern Hemisphere took place in Launceston, Tasmania, that same year. Drawbacks with ether such as excessive vomiting and its explosive flammability led to its replacement in England with chloroform. Discovered in 1831 by an American physician Samuel Guthrie (1782–1848), and independently a few months later by Frenchman Eugène Soubeiran (1797–1859) and Justus von Liebig (1803–73) in Germany, chloroform was named and chemically characterized in 1834 by Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800–84). In 1842, Dr Robert Mortimer Glover in London discovered the anaesthetic qualities of chloroform on laboratory animals.
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Some specifications for variants of Brompton cocktail call for methadone, hydromorphone, diamorphine (heroin), or other strong opioids in the place of morphine; diphenhydramine or tincture of cannabis in place of the chlorpromazine; and methamphetamine, amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, co- phenylcaine (lidocaine and phenylephrine hydrochloride), methylphenidate, or other stimulants in the place of cocaine. The original recipe for Brompton cocktail also calls for chloroform, cherry syrup to help mask the bitter taste of some of the components, and distilled water in some quantity to dilute the chloroform (hence, chloroform water) or to add volume to allow for more precise titration of doses.
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Isonicotinamide (pyridine-4-carboxamide) is the amide form of isonicotinic acid. It is an isomer of nicotinamide, which has the carboxamide group in the 3-position. It is soluble in water at 191 gm/L, also in ethanol, DMSO, methanol, chloroform, chloroform methanol mixture, and in dioxane 10 mg/L. This compound is used for material synthesis and is generally recognised as safe.
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Joseph Thomas Clover invented an apparatus for measuring the inhalation of chloroform in 1862; it included a large reservoir bag, lined with goldbeater's skin to make it airtight, into which a known volume of liquid chloroform was injected, while its contraction or expansion was monitored.Sykes, W.S. (1960), Essays on the First Hundred Years of Anaesthesia, Vol. 2, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. , p. 8.
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Historically significant, but smaller in scale is chloroform, mainly a precursor to chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2) and tetrafluoroethene which is used in the manufacture of Teflon.
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Trifluoroacetone (1,1,1-trifluoroacetone) is an organofluorine compound with the chemical formula CF3C(O)CH3. The compound is a colorless liquid with chloroform-like odour.
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However, he lost a patient to chloroform under his hands in 1874, in a case which he described in the British Medical Journal.Sykes, page 30.
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James Young Simpson, c. 1843-47. Robert Adamson & David Octavius Hill Sir James Young Simpson, 1811 - 1870. Discoverer of chloroform [a.] National Galleries of Scotland.
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The villagers knock her out with chloroform but not before she sees the face of one of the villagers turn into a demon. Marcus runs into the forest and is chased by Henryk, who catches up with him. Marcus fights Henryk but the latter gains the upper hand and knocks him out with chloroform. As they wake up, they see Henryk talking to Lidia.
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He died at Brighton on 23 June 1888, from the effects of an overdose of chloroform. At the inquest Arthur Thomas Myers, the brother of F.W.H. Myers, testified to having prescribed chloroform for neuralgia,Oppenheim (1985) p.144 and a verdict of accidental death was recorded. It was widely thought at the time that Gurney might have committed suicide, and Alice James recorded this in her diary.
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Chloroform was one other chemical found in abundance on the site, with about 40,000 pounds found throughout the landfill. Chloroform is a type of cleaning solution, one of many that can be used for things such as; cleaning electronics, tools, engines, and automotive parts; dissolving oil, paint, and grease; to mix/thin paint, glue, pigments, epoxy resins, and pesticides; and to create other similar solvents or chemicals.
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Armstrong Todd started his medical career in Manchester England as a consulting surgeon to Ardwick and Ancoats Dispensary and London Mutual Life Guarantee Society. He was a member of the Paris Medical Society, British Medical Association, Medical Society of London.The London and Provincial Medical Directory 1865: Page 157 The 1850s saw the first widespread use of chloroform during surgery. Chloroform began to replace ether as an anesthetic.
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Chloroform is known to form as a by-product of water chlorination along with a range of other disinfection by-products and as such is commonly present in municipal tap water and swimming pools. Reported ranges vary considerably but are generally below the current health standard for total trihalomethanes of 100μg/L. Nonetheless, the presence of chloroform in drinking water at any concentration is considered controversial by some. Historically chloroform exposure may well have been higher due to its common use as an anesthetic, as an ingredient in cough syrups, and as a constituent of tobacco smoke where p,p'-DDT had previously been used as a fumigant.
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Its half- life in air ranges from 55 to 620 days. Biodegradation in water and soil is slow. Chloroform does not significantly bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms.
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It remained in use through the 1940s use even while chloroform was being phased out. Its pungent odor and its explosive nature limit its use today.
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He committed his first murder using arsenic, purchased from a local druggist. Encountering some difficulties with this method, he later switched to the use of chloroform.
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Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine. New York:Oxford University.Hemphill, Sandra. (2007). The Strange Case of the Broad Street Pump: John Snow and the Mystery of Cholera.
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There was no one to give the chloroform, no one to hand her instruments and the helper kept fainting. Yet, she was able to cope, with success.
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Extractive distillation is similar to azeotropic distillation, except in this case the entrainer is less volatile than any of the azeotrope's constituents. For example, the azeotrope of 20% acetone with 80% chloroform can be broken by adding water and distilling the result. The water forms a separate layer in which the acetone preferentially dissolves. The result is that the distillate is richer in chloroform than the original azeotrope.
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Cocaine may be detected by law enforcement using the Scott reagent. The test can easily generate false positives for common substances and must be confirmed with a laboratory test. Approximate cocaine purity can be determined using 1 mL 2% cupric sulfate pentahydrate in dilute HCl, 1 mL 2% potassium thiocyanate and 2 mL of chloroform. The shade of brown shown by the chloroform is proportional to the cocaine content.
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Bottle of Duncan’s chloroform Duncan's house at 12 Heriot Row, Edinburgh The Duncan grave in Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh Dr James Duncan FRSE FRCS FRCSE (2 November 1810-16 August 1866) was a Scottish surgeon and manufacturing chemist responsible for much of the British supply of chloroform in the mid-19th century. From 1839 to 1866 he was Director of Duncan Flockhart & Co one of Scotland’s largest chemical manufacturers.
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The examples are those that can dechlorinate chloroform (TmrA), PCE (PceA), TCE (TceA), and VC (VcrA). Purification of such enzymes in native forms are reportedly difficult; however, a few such enzymes were purified to near homogeneity. Ultracentrifugation, membrane solubilization and a series of liquid chromatography are the commonly employed techniques to the isolation and purification. A chloroform reducing dehalogenase is the latest reductive dehalogenase that was successfully produced and purified.
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Apocynin is a solid with a melting point of 115 °C and the faint odor of vanilla. It is soluble in hot water, alcohol, benzene, chloroform, and ether.
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Material is a white powder in its pure form. Good solubility in Chloroform, Methanol, and Ethanol. Poorly soluble in water. Melting point of this material is 240°C.
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It is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether. Anchusa species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora onosmella.
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After a spirited defence by Sir Edward Clarke, Bartlett was acquitted. The key problem of the trial was that Edwin was poisoned by liquid chloroform, which was found in his stomach, but liquid chloroform burns the throat if swallowed, and the drinker would be screaming. Edwin Bartlett never screamed the night he died. As a result, an alternative theory of suicide was considered and helped get the acquittal, but it left the public unsatisfied.
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However, due to its post-analgesic effect of nausea and vomiting, he later switched to using chloroform instead. Simpson's later personal discovery of chloroform's anesthetic properties inspired subsequent trials with chloroform that he went on to make public in November, 1847. The Medico Surgical Society publication of Simpson's findings was not well received and required significant defense thereafter. Three months later, on April 7, 1847, ether was used for the first time in American obstetrics.
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Natural swelling: in this method soluble lipids in chloroform are pipetted on a Teflon ring. The chloroform is allowed to evaporate and the ring is then placed under the vacuum for several hours. Next the aqueous buffer is added gently over the Teflon ring and lipids are allowed to naturally swell to form GUVs overnight. the disadvantage of this method is that a large amount of multilamellar vesicles and lipid debris are formed.
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Whilst James Young Simpson is credited with the first use of chloroform on a human, he did not invent it. Simpson’s first such use on 4 November 1847, was on himself and two doctor friends, at a dinner party. This was followed 4 days later by Simpson’s first use on a patient, Wilhelmina Carstairs, the daughter of a doctor. Imlach holds the claim to being the first to use chloroform in a dental context.
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Schimmelbusch invented a mask in 1890 to allow safer anaesthetisation of patients. In 1890, Schimmelbusch invented a mask for the delivery of anaesthetics to surgical patients. It was primarily designed for ether anaesthesia, but he also proposed its use for chloroform anaesthesia. Both ether and chloroform can cause irritation if they come into contact with the patient's skin, so Schimmelbusch designed a metal mask, over which a gauze could be stretched and secured.
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Other extraction methods are possible and sometimes needed (e.g. for yeast). RNA is then isolated by Phenol-Chloroform extraction and iso-Propanol precipitation. Further purification of specific RNA species (e.g.
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Deuterated chloroform Deuterated solvents are a group of compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by deuterium atoms. These compounds are often used in Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Monkey studies looking at the dependence liability of several sedative drugs showed that benzoctamine was a dependence- free drug, while pentobarbital, alcohol, chloroform, meprobamate, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and oxazolam were not.
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The virus is fragile as it can be inactivated by UV light and chemicals, such as ether, chloroform, and bleach. WCBL has not been known to infect humans thus far.
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Once Donald was tied up, Hall used chloroform to incapacitate him before drowning him in the bath. The abortive effort to dispose of his body led to Hall and Kitto's downfall.
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Many different catalysts can be used such as stannous chloride and tetraisopropyl orthotitanate. Generally, the PEA is then dissolved in a small amount of chloroform followed by precipitation out in methanol.
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To slow this process and reduce the acidity of the solvent, chloroform-d is stored in brown-tinted bottles, often over a small amount of a neutralizing base like potassium carbonate.
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Commercial chloroform-d does, however, still contains a small amount (0.2% or less) of non-deuterated chloroform; this results in a small singlet at 7.26 ppm, known as the residual solvent peak, which is frequently used as an internal chemical shift reference. In carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy, the sole carbon in deuterated chloroform shows a triplet at a chemical shift of 77.16 ppm with the three peaks being about equal size, resulting from splitting by spin coupling to the attached spin-1 deuterium atom (CHCl3 has a chemical shift of 77.36 ppm). It reacts photochemically with oxygen to form phosgene and hydrogen chloride. Therefore, more expensive alternatives like dichloromethane-d2 or benzene-d6 must be used if the analyte is expected to be highly acid-sensitive.
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Dichlorocarbene as a reactive intermediate was first proposed by Anton Geuther in 1862 who viewed chloroform as CCl2.HClUeber die Zersetzung des Chloroforms durch alkoholische Kalilösung Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie Volume 123, Issue 1, Date: 1862, Pages: 121-122 A. Geuther Its generation was reinvestigated by Hine in 1950.Carbon Dichloride as an Intermediate in the Basic Hydrolysis of Chloroform. A Mechanism for Substitution Reactions at a Saturated Carbon Atom Jack Hine J. Am. Chem. Soc.
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Upon ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the presence of oxygen, chloroform slowly converts into phosgene by a radical reaction. To suppress this photodegradation, chloroform is often stored in brown-tinted glass containers and with a small percentage of ethanol added. Chlorinated solvents used to remove oil from metals, such as automotive brake cleaners, are converted to phosgene by the UV rays of arc welding processes. Phosgene may also be produced during testing for leaks of older-style refrigerant gases.
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Many scientists worry about possible contamination of the lake. Lake Waccamaw's water is within the acceptable, pre-established, heath guidelines and legal limits established by the Safe Drinking Water Act. However, there is a high level of chloroform present in the Lake, at 4.43 ppb (parts per billion) out of an allowed 14 ppb. Chloroform is a Trihalomethane that is often used as a fumigant for wheat products, a coolant, and as a cleaning spot remover.
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The mechanism of the Reimer-Tiemann reaction Chloroform (1) is deprotonated by a strong base (normally hydroxide) to form the chloroform carbanion (2) which will quickly alpha-eliminate to give dichlorocarbene (3); this is the principal reactive species. The hydroxide will also deprotonate the phenol (4) to give a negatively charged phenoxide (5). The negative charge is delocalised into the aromatic ring, making it far more nucleophilic. Nucleophilic attack on the dichlorocarbene gives an intermediate dichloromethyl substituted phenol (7).
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At the time of Suckling's original research, the main anaesthetic gases in use were chloroform and diethyl ether, both of which had several serious drawbacks. Ether was highly flammable, which was particularly dangerous in operating theatres as electrical equipment such as diathermy became more common. Chloroform was toxic to the liver. The halogenated alkanes (alkyl halides, also known as haloalkanes) in general, and in particular the fluorinated compounds were promising because they were volatile but not flammable.
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In detail, he described his method as: > First I would pour a drop or two of chloroform on a piece of absorbent > cotton and hold it to the nostrils of the old person. Soon my man would > swoon. Then I would close the orifices of the body with cotton, stuffing it > in the ears, nostrils and so on. Next I would pour a little chloroform down > the throat and prevent the fumes escaping the same way.
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Guanosine is a white, crystalline powder with no odor and mild saline taste. It is very soluble in acetic acid, slightly soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene and chloroform.
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1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet chloroform-like odor. It is used as a solvent and in the production of wood stains and varnishes.
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Homomultimeric TRPC5 and heteromultimeric TRPC5-TRPC1 channels are activated by extracellular reduced thioredoxin. This channel has also been found to be involved in the action of anaesthetics such as chloroform, halothane and propofol.
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It is miscible with chloroform but immiscible with water. It is air sensitive. There is a safety hazard for this chemical compound. It can cause skin irritation, serious eye irritation, and respiratory irritation.
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Marketed in the UK by ICI under the trade name Trilene it was coloured blue (with a dye called waxoline blue) to avoid confusion with the similar smelling chloroform. TCE replaced earlier anesthetics chloroform and ether in the 1940s, but was itself replaced in the 1960s in developed countries with the introduction of halothane, which allowed much faster induction and recovery times and was considerably easier to administer. Trilene was also used as a potent inhaled analgesic, mainly during childbirth.
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The use of ether as general anesthesia started in 1846 and the use of chloroform in 1847. Contrary to popular belief, few soldiers experienced amputation without any anesthetic. A post-war review by the U.S. Army Medical Department found that over 99.6% of surgeries performed by their staff were conducted under some form of general anesthesia. Surgeons preferred chloroform in field hospitals, while ether was more common relegated to general hospitals well beyond the range of fighting due to its explosive nature.
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The mesoionic structure of molsidomine Molsidomine and linsidomine are sydnone imines, a class of mesoionic heterocyclic aromatic chemical compounds. Molsidomine melts at , is freely soluble in chloroform, soluble in aqueous hydrochloric acid, ethanol, ethyl acetate and methanol, sparingly soluble in water and acetone, and very slightly soluble in diethyl ether and petroleum ether. It is stable in aqueous solutions at pH 5–7, but not in alkaline solutions. Its absorption maximum is in the near ultraviolet, at 326 nm, in chloroform.
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Hydroxides are generally not readily soluble in chloroform, thus the reaction is generally carried out in a biphasic solvent system. In the simplest sense this consists of an aqueous hydroxide solution and an organic phase containing the chloroform. The two reagents are therefore separated and must be brought together for the reaction to take place. This can be achieved by rapid mixing, phase-transfer catalysts, or an emulsifying agent (the use of 1,4-dioxane as a solvent is an example).
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Purpurin is a crystalline solid, that forms orange needles melting at ,CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics, 90th Ed. but becomes red when dissolved in ethanol, and yellow when dissolved with alkalis in boiling water. It is insoluble in hexane but soluble in chloroform, and can be obtained from chloroform as reddish needles. Unlike alizarin, purpurin is dissolved by boiling in a solution of aluminum sulfate, from which it can be precipitated by acid. This procedure can be used to separate the two dyes.
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He found her dead on the kitchen floor, and it was concluded that a heart attack had been caused by chloroform. Beishline denied involvement in the additional deaths. He was sentenced to life imprisonment.
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An alternate and less frequently used method of synthesizing PEA is ring-opening polymerization. Cyclic oligo(ethylene adipate) can be mixed with di-n-butyltin in chloroform. This requires temperatures similar to melt condensation.
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Hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium is a metal carbonyl cluster with the formula Rh6(CO)16. It exists as purple-brown crystals that are slightly soluble in dichloromethane and chloroform. It is the principal binary carbonyl of rhodium.
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30 minims (1.77ml) would give 3.37%, and 40 minims (2.36ml) would give 4.5%, which Clover believed was the maximum safe concentration. Many photographs of Clover, heavily bearded, depict his chloroform apparatus slung over his shoulder.
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The chloroform extracts of the root, stem and leaf shows the isolation of the furanocoumarin chalepensin. The essential oil of R. graveolens contains two main constituents, undecan-2-one (46.8%) and nonan-2-one (18.8%).
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He was inspired by the vegetable and distilled water diet of Lambe.Vinten-Johansen, Peter et al. (2003). Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine: A Life of John Snow. Oxford University Press. pp. 39-41.
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Rupa Bai Furdoonji, born to a Parsi family, was the world's first female anesthetist. She practiced medicine in Hyderabad, and played a major role in introducing the use of chloroform as an anesthetic in India.
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Singly substituted isotopologues may be used for nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, where deuterated solvents such as deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) do not interfere with the solutes' 1H signals, and in investigations of the kinetic isotope effect.
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The Reimer–Tiemann reaction can be altered to yield phenolic acids by substituting the chloroform with carbon tetrachloride. For instance, the altered reaction with phenol would yield salicylic acid rather than the expected product, salicylaldehyde.
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This, and later purification procedures, begin with veratrine, a mixture of the alkaloids present in the Veratrum plants, primarily containing cevadine and veratridine. The nitrate salt is formed by dissolving the veratrine in 1% sulfuric acid over ice and precipitating with sodium nitrate. After resuspending in water over ice, the solution is brought to pH 8.5 with aqueous NaOH and then pH 10 with aqueous ammonia, forming another precipitate which is extracted with ether and then with chloroform. The ether and chloroform fractions are combined and dried.
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Rev. James Young Simpson (c. 1843 – 10 September 1898) was a Wesleyan Methodist minister in South Australia, born in Scotland, a nephew and namesake of James Young Simpson, the celebrated pioneer of chloroform as an anaesthetic.
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Lithium niobate is a famous ternary phase. It features three elements: Li, Nb, and O. In materials chemistry, a ternary phase is chemical compound containing three different elements. Some ternary phases compounds are molecular, e.g. chloroform (HCCl3).
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In solvents such as CCl4 and alkanes, chloroform hydrogen bonds to a variety of Lewis bases. HCCl3 is classified as a hard acid and the ECW model lists its acid parameters as EA = 1.56 and CA = 0.44.
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Lepidolide is a chemical compound with formula — specifically, a terpenoid with the cucurbitane skeleton — isolated from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Russula lepida (23 mg/7 kg). It is a pale yellow oil, soluble in chloroform.
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Amino acid general structure The Murchison meteorite is on display at the Smithsonian’s NMNH. Carbonaceous chondrites contain more than 600 organic compounds that were synthesized in distinct places and at distinct times. These organic compounds include: hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, amines, amides, sulfonic acids, phosphonic acids, amino acids, nitrogenous bases, etc. These compounds can be divided into three main groups: a fraction that is not soluble in chloroform or methanol, chloroform soluble hydrocarbons and a fraction that is soluble in methanol (which includes the amino acids).
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Chloroform is a colorless liquid that is non-flammable. This chemical can be found in floor polishing substances and pesticides. Chloroform is recognized carcinogen, meaning it can cause cancer if one is exposed to it for a long period of time. It is ranked in the top 10% of the most hazardous compounds to human health and the environment, based on how toxic it is when ingested or inhaled, how it affects human health, cancer and noncancer risk scores through air and water, and how toxic it is to the environment.
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Dichlorocarbene is the reactive intermediate with chemical formula CCl2. Although this chemical species has not been isolated, it is a common intermediate in organic chemistry, being generated from chloroform. This bent diamagnetic molecule rapidly inserts into other bonds.
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Both isomers are soluble in simple alcohols, ethers, and chloroform. They are precursors to a variety of useful compounds. Naphthols (both 1 and 2 isomers) are used as biomarkers for livestock and humans exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Reaction of chloroform with aromatic compounds using an aluminium chloride catalyst gives triarylmethanes, which are often brightly colored, as is the case in triarylmethane dyes. This is a bench test for aromatic compounds.John C. Gilbert., Stephen F. Martin.
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Its odor is "strong, ethereal; chloroform-like".DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2016–171, p. 2, Accessed Nov 2019 It is toxic and may be carcinogenic in humans. Furan is used as a starting point to other speciality chemicals.
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Blow from the Past. (Russian: В. Торолянский. Сквозняк из прошлого.) Novaya Gazeta/InaPress. Moscow. 2006. . a 26 October 2010 article in Izvestiya reported that Frunze had been administered a chloroform dose that exceeded the normal dose by sevenfold.
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Phenylhydrazine forms monoclinic prisms that melt to an oil around room temperature which may turn yellow to dark red upon exposure to air. Phenylhydrazine is miscible with ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform and benzene. It is sparingly soluble in water.
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He died in July 1866 while conducting experiments with prussic acid and chloroform as a remedy for tinnitus. Either one of these substances or their combination are responsible for his death. He was buried at St Mary's Church, Wimbledon.
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Dichloro(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)palladium is the organopalladium compound with the formula PdCl2(C8H12) where C8H12 is 1,5-cyclooctadiene. It is a yellow solid that is soluble in chloroform. According to X-ray crystallography, the Pd center is square planar.
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He was apprenticed to be a physician for three years and learned dispensing at the Sydney Infirmary, acted as a clinical clerk, assisted at post mortems and was present at one of the first operations using chloroform in 1852.
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Germanium(IV) iodide is an orange-red crystalline solid with melting point 144 °C and boiling point 440 °C (with decomposition). Its specific density is 4.32. It is soluble in non-polar solvents like carbon disulfide, chloroform or benzene.
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The wound did not heal properly, and surgeons performed an amputation, during which McGilvery died from an overdose of chloroform being used as an anesthesia. His body was returned to his native Maine and buried in the Village Cemetery in Searsport.
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Blast Books: New York, 1998. pp. 63. He committed suicide in his cell on January 24, slitting his left femoral artery with a razor after inhaling an analgesic dose of chloroform. He is buried at Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford, Connecticut.
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It is insoluble in ether and chloroform. Glucin is about three hundred times sweeter than cane sugar. The use of glucin as a food additive is prohibited in much of the United States due to concerns about its health effects.
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He had recourse to opiates, and his death in New York city on 3 August 1868 was caused by an undiluted dose of chloroform. Besides the books above mentioned he was the author of Lyrics by the Letter H, 1854.
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Antique bottles of chloroform The anaesthetic qualities of chloroform were first described in 1842 in a thesis by Robert Mortimer Glover, which won the Gold Medal of the Harveian Society for that year. Glover also undertook practical experiments on dogs to prove his theories. Glover further refined his theories and presented them in the thesis for his doctorate at the University of Edinburgh in the summer of 1847. The Scottish obstetrician James Young Simpson was one of the persons required to read the thesis, but later claimed to have never read the thesis and to have come to his conclusions independently.
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On 4 November 1847, Simpson first used the anesthetic qualities of chloroform on a pair of humans: two guests at his dinner party. This was done as entertainment and not as a medical procedure. A few days later, during the course of a dental procedure in Edinburgh, Francis Brodie Imlach became the first person to use chloroform on a patient in a clinical context. In May 1848, Robert Halliday Gunning made a presentation to the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh following a series of laboratory experiments on rabbits that confirmed Glover's findings and also refuted Simpson's claims of originality.
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However, a knighthood for Simpson, and massive media coverage of the wonders of chloroform ensured that Simpson's reputation remained high, whilst the laboratory experiments proving the dangers of chloroform were largely ignored. Gunning, who became one of the richest persons in Britain, endowed some 13 university scholarships under the names of other scientists rather than his own name. He considered Simpson a charlatan, but one of these prizes is named the Simpson Prize for Obstetrics. It is, however, probably a strange reverse compliment, as arguably any Simpson prize in the wider public eye should be a prize for anaesthesia.
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Apart from MIC, based on laboratory simulation conditions, the gas cloud most likely also contained chloroform, dichloromethane, hydrogen chloride, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine and carbon dioxide, that was either present in the tank or was produced in the storage tank when MIC, chloroform and water reacted. The gas cloud, composed mainly of materials denser than air, stayed close to the ground and spread in the southeasterly direction affecting the nearby communities. The chemical reactions may have produced a liquid or solid aerosol. Laboratory investigations by CSIR and UCC scientists failed to demonstrate the presence of hydrogen cyanide.
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Jack and Ed Biddle were born (January8, 1872 and December27, 1876, respectively) in Anderdon Township, Essex County, Ontario (now part of Amherstburg, Ontario) to George and Mary Ann (McQuaide) Biddle. Soffel was born Anna Katharina Dietrich in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Biddles were arrested on April 12, 1901 at a house in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania as leaders of the "Chloroform Gang", which for more than a year had been overpowering victims with chloroform or ether before robbing them. Tried and convicted on December 12, 1901 of the murder of a Mt. Washington shopkeeper, they were imprisoned in Allegheny County Jail to await hanging.
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Pioneered by Imperial Chemical Industries in Britain, its development was hailed as an anesthetic revolution. Originally thought to possess less hepatotoxicity than chloroform, and without the unpleasant pungency and flammability of ether, TCE use was nonetheless soon found to have several pitfalls. These included promotion of cardiac arrhythmias, low volatility and high solubility preventing quick anesthetic induction, reactions with soda lime used in carbon dioxide absorbing systems, prolonged neurologic dysfunction when used with soda lime, and evidence of hepatotoxicity as had been found with chloroform. The introduction of halothane in 1956 greatly diminished the use of TCE as a general anesthetic.
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It can be prepared by treating basic beryllium carbonate with hot acetic acid. : 2 + 6 AcOH → + 5 + 2 Basic beryllium acetate is insoluble in water but soluble in chloroform, consistent with it being nonpolar. It melts and sublimes in a vacuum without decomposition.
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The imidazole derivative thiamazole is a white to matte brown crystalline powder with a characteristic odour. The boiling point is 280 °C (decomposition). Thiamazole is soluble in water, ethanol and chloroform, but hardly soluble in ether. Galenic preparations are injectable solutions and tablets.
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Sterigmatocystin forms pale yellow needles and that are readily soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, and chloroform. Sterigmatocystin reacts with a hot solution of potassium hydroxide and ethanol and is easily methylated by methyl iodide. Treatment with ethanol in acid produces dihydroethoxysterigmatocystin.
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Trimyristin is an ester with the chemical formula C45H86O6. It is a saturated fat which is the triglyceride of myristic acid. Trimyristin is a white to yellowish-gray solid that is insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol, benzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, and ether.
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Mary Ann was married twice. the first time in Bathurst to George Cooper and the second time to Edward Young in Dubbo. Mary Ann died in 1887 after taking a dose of Chlorodyne, a laudanum-based pain-relieving mixture containing cannabis and chloroform.
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The solution changes back to pink upon adding some hydrochloric acid. Addition of chloroform, results in a blue organic layer for both cocaine hydrochloride and cocaine base. Diphenhydramine and lidocaine also give blue organic layers. These compounds are known false positives for cocaine.
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"Empowered Vol.3, page 65 :Chloroformaster was defeated and captured by Emp when he accidentally fell asleep after pleasuring himself to her.Empowered Vol.3, pages 70&71 :Chloroformaster's pseudonym is a noun-noun compound word composed of the words "Chloroform" and Master".
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His career then began to spiral down. Wells left the practice of dentistry and his family, and went to New York, where he was arrested for throwing acid on prostitutes. He killed himself in jail by slashing an artery after taking chloroform.
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The pentacyclic triterpenoids ursolic acid and oleanolic acid have been extracted from Astianthus. So have cinnamic acid, p-methoxycinnamic acid, and stigmasterol. A chloroform-ethanol gradient elution High-performance liquid chromatography system was used to extract the iridoid glycosides campenoside and 5-hydroxycampenoside.
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Chloroform is a naturally occurring substance, but its presence in water in almost always man-made. The lake itself is not man made, as it is a part of the Bladen Lake group, a group of lakes created by receding ocean waters.
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Van Gehuchten is especially known for his contributions to the theory of neurons. In anatomy, the van Gehuchten method is the fixing of a histologic tissue in a mixture of glacial acetic acid 10 parts, chloroform 30 parts, and alcohol 60 parts.
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Butamben is a local anesthetic. It is the ester of 4-aminobenzoic acid and butanol.drugs.com Butamben A white, odourless, crystalline powder. that is mildly soluble in water (1 part in 7000) and soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, fixed oils, and dilute acids.
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Chlorination of acetaldoxime with N-chlorosuccinimideLarsen, K. E.; Torssell, K. B. G. T. 1984, 40, 2985. or chlorine gasCorbett, D. F. J. Chem. Soc. 1986, 421. in chloroform affords acetohydroxamic acid chloride, which suffers dehydrochlorination with triethylamine to give acetonitrile N-oxide.
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A Folch solution is a solution containing chloroform and methanol, usually in a 2:1 (vol/vol) ratio. One of its uses is in separating polar from nonpolar compounds, for example separating nonpolar lipids from polar proteins and carbohydrates in blood serum.
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The colony morphology of H. larsenii is circular, smooth, opaque and pink in color. Polar ether lipids found in its membrane include phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglyceromethylphosphate. These lipids were extracted with chloroform and methanol. Tests revealed this organism is oxidase positive and catalase negative.
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The museum houses a large collection of anesthesiology apparatus ranging from 19th century masks and inhalersWood Library-Museum, Silk Inhaler, retrieved 21 May 2013. for administering ether and chloroform to anesthetic machines.Wood Library-Museum, Boyle Apparatus, retrieved 21 May 2013. and modern electronic monitoring equipment.
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Acetone oxime (acetoxime) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CNOH. It is the simplest example of a ketoxime. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water, ethanol, ether, chloroform, and ligroin. It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis.
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TOPO-coated quantum dots are typically soluble in chloroform, toluene, and (to a lesser extent) hexane. These quantum dots are also used in biological applications as part of the protective barrier to prevent degradation as it travels through the harsh climate of the body.
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Boss knocks him out with chloroform he has stolen from the doctor's office. The deputies are locked up as well. Charley learns that Sue is the doctor's sister, not his wife. He declares his feelings for her, and she gives him a locket for luck.
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When she woke up from the chloroform, Alexandra saw the "anxious and troubled faces" around her and "burst into loud hysterics." She cried, "My God, it is again a daughter. What will the nation say, what will the nation say?"The Last Tsarina, p.
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Halorespiration or dehalorespiration or organohalide respiration is the use of halogenated compounds as terminal electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration. Halorespiration can play a part in microbial biodegradation. The most common substrates are chlorinated aliphatics (PCE, TCE), chlorinated phenols and chloroform. Dehalorespiring bacteria are highly diverse.
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A monomeric form crystallizes with chloroform in the lattice. It features planar Co centers. Salcomine is both a Lewis acid and a reductant. Several solvated derivatives bind O2 to give derivatives of the type (μ-O2)[Co(salen)py]2 and [Co(salen)py(O2)].
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A low-pressure mercury-vapor lamp at 254 nm in a photochemical reactor is used for 5–8 hours until all the diazoketone has been consumed as determined by TLC analysis. Dichloromethane, chloroform, and 1,2-dichloroethane, are all appropriate solvents for the annulation reaction.
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Infected individuals are infectious prior to onset of symptoms, roughly 10 days following infection. The virus is resistant to detergent, acid (pH 1), solvents (e.g., ether, chloroform), drying, and temperatures up to 60 °C. It can survive for months in fresh and salt water.
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Other treatments given to the patient were opium for pain relief, morphine and chloroform. A diet of condurango and milk was prescribed, with injections of artificial serum. The patient experienced pain relief, but died on 24 July. The cancer had shrunk by about 50%.
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The detailed case histories of these patients revealed many tools and techniques used at the hospital including: cephalotripsy, the use of chloroform as an anesthetic, the use of opium for pain treatment, the use of a Barnes' dilator, the Crede's maneuver, and bougie labor induction.
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On Tuesday Thomas Dwyer, who conducted two autopsies, was asked by the defense on the angle of the bullet wound. Jerry Kearns, a second coroner, testified that a third autopsy confirmed the conclusion of the first that Rheta had been killed by the gun, not the chloroform. Clarence Muehlberger, the chemist who had examined Rheta's organs, testified to the amount of chloroform found. David M. Sweet of City National Bank also took the stand to testify that Wynekoop had a $6,000 loan on her home mortgage, which was paid down to $3,500 and taken out to provide support for the poor health of both Rheta and Earle.
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The most popular anesthetic agent was chloroform, accounting for more than 70% of all surgeries in the North according to a study in the Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion. Ether was more commonly used behind the lines because it required a heavier dosage, took longer to induce insensibility, and was highly flammable. In some cases, a blend of ether and chloroform was used to sedate patients. When properly done, the patient would feel no pain during their surgery, but there was no structured system like the modern phases of anesthesia for gauging the proper dosage and depth of a patient's amnesia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation.
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In 1866 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Dorpat with a thesis concerning the measurement of chloroform in blood, titled "Determination and Concentration of Chloroform in the Blood", and remained an assistant to Rudolf Buchheim at Dorpat (Tartu) until 1869. He was appointed Chair of Pharmacology and for one year then worked with Carl Ludwig at the University of Leipzig. In 1872 he became the first professor of pharmacology at the University of Strasbourg, where he remained for the next 46 years. His work largely dealt with chemicals poisonous to the heart, causing vomiting and those causing passing urine, as well as hypnotics, venoms and metals.
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He discovered chloroform independently in 1831. Samuel Guthrie was a 19th-century physician and chemist who discovered the anaesthetic chloroform (trichloromethane) in 1831, by distilling chloride of lime with alcohol in a copper barrel, using it as a mild anesthetic in amputation surgeries. The same chemical compound was discovered independently by a French scientist, Eugène Soubeiran, in October 1831, and by the German chemist Justus von Liebig in November 1831, but Guthrie wrote of his findings in the summer of the same year, so he is generally acknowledged as the discoverer. At the age of 22, Samuel Guthrie Jr. married Sybil Sexton, who was originally from Connecticut.
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Instead, diethyl ether, being a stronger and more potent anaesthetic, was demonstrated and accepted for use in October 1846, along with chloroform in 1847. When Joseph Thomas Clover invented the "gas-ether inhaler" in 1876, however, it became a common practice at hospitals to initiate all anaesthetic treatments with a mild flow of nitrous oxide, and then gradually increase the anaesthesia with the stronger ether or chloroform. Clover's gas-ether inhaler was designed to supply the patient with nitrous oxide and ether at the same time, with the exact mixture being controlled by the operator of the device. It remained in use by many hospitals until the 1930s.
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The solubility of the salt in organic solvents (chloroform) is useful to extract and purify beryllium rich fractions for many purposes. Basic beryllium acetate single crystals can easily be grown and are helpful to align x-ray diffractometers and also as a reference in protein crystallography.
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Along with indomethacin, diclofenac and others, bromfenac belongs to the acetic acid group of NSAIDs. It is used in form of bromfenac sodium · 1.5 H2O (CAS number: ), which is soluble in water, methanol and aqueous bases, insoluble in chloroform and aqueous acids, and melts at under decomposition.
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It does not oxidize on exposure to the air and is not readily acted on by chemical reagents. It is insoluble in water. It is soluble in dichloromethane, chloroform, benzene, diethyl ether, carbon disulfide and turpentine.Vaseline (Petroleum Jelly) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) (June 15, 2007). MakingCosmetics.
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Clozapine is a dibenzodiazepine that is structurally related to loxapine. It is slightly soluble in water, soluble in acetone, and highly soluble in chloroform. Its solubility in water is 0.1889 mg/L (25 °C). Its manufacturer, Novartis, claims a solubility of <0.01% in water (<100 mg/L).
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Deuterated dichloromethane (CD2Cl2) is a form (called an isotopologue) of dichloromethane (DCM, CH2Cl2) in which the hydrogen atoms ("H") are replaced with deuterium (heavy hydrogen) isotope ("D"). Deuterated DCM is not a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy as it is expensive compared to deuterated chloroform.
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Olney married twice in his lifetime. He had a total of seven children from the two marriages. Olney died on December 21, 1870 (or December 21, 1870) in Astoria at the age of 55. He had been addicted to opium and chloroform up to his death.
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Early solvents used included chloroform and benzene. A small percentage of alcohol is often added to the mix. In the United States of America, current formulations include n-heptane. In the UK, a product called Marabu-Fixogum uses acetone, while a product called Copydex uses ammonia.
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The resultant aqueous residue is neutralized with ammonia and put aside until the resin has completely settled. It is then filtered and concentrated by sugar solution to a small volume, made alkaline with ammonia, and finally extracted with chloroform. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure.
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The astatine is recovered from the trap using one or more low concentration solvents such as sodium hydroxide, methanol or chloroform. Astatine yields of up to around 80% may be achieved. Dry separation is the method most commonly used to produce a chemically useful form of astatine.
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Azeotropes consisting of two constituents are called binary azeotropes such as diethyl ether (33%) / halothane (66%) a mixture once commonly used in anesthesia. For example, benzene and hexafluorobenzene form a double binary azeotrope. Azeotropes consisting of three constituents are called ternary azeotropes, e.g. acetone / methanol / chloroform.
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Carbosulfan is an organic compound adherent to the carbamate class. At normal conditions, it is brown viscous liquid. It is not very stable; it decomposes slowly at room temperature. Its solubility in water is low but it is miscible with xylene, hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol and acetone.
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Mahboob Ali Khan established Hyderabad medical college a first in India and commissioned for chloroform a first in world, during 1873 there were 14 Schools in Hyderabad city and 141 schools in rest of the districts, which reached upto 1000 at the time of his death.
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He was appointed house surgeon at the hospital in 1862, working under Frederic Skey. He obtained his F.R.C.S. diploma in 1866 and in 1868 was appointed Administrator of Chloroform. He held a succession of progressively more senior appointments as assistant surgeon before eventually becoming a full surgeon in 1891.
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The administration of general anesthesia in operative procedures was publicly demonstrated by William Thomas Green Morton (1819–1868) in Boston, October 1846 as the first successful practice of its kind.Gordon, Henry L. Sir James Young Simpson and Chloroform (1811-1870). Ed. Ernest Hart. Pasternoster Square, London: Urwin, 1897.
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The Zwikker reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify barbiturates. It is composed of a mixture of two solutions. Part A is 0.5 g of copper (II) sulfate in 100 ml of distilled water. Part B consists of 5% pyridine (v/v) in chloroform.
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Virions of SpV1 are sensitive to chloroform and ether. They are resistant to cold and heat, a wide range of pH, and non-ionic detergents (Nonidet P-40 and Triton X-100). SpV1 buoyant densities are 1.39 g/cm3 in CsCl and 1.21 g/cm3 in metrizamide.Abedon ST. 2005.
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Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with formula CHCl3. It is a colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid that is produced on a large scale as a precursor to PTFE. It is also a precursor to various refrigerants. It is one of the four chloromethanes and a trihalomethane.
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" Sage Young of EW stated: "They don't call it the 'mad city' for nothing. Questions of sanity still abound in Gotham. Questions such as: Why did the Court of Owls chloroform Bruce and kidnap him to a meeting he himself requested? For the aesthetics of it all, probably.
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Angkor was one of the most developed societies of the ancient world. Dan inhales chloroform in order to pass out. Galt repeatedly wants to kill Dan, while Cara wants to keep him for further interrogation. They plan to fly to Cambodia in order to thwart the Cahills' plans.
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Its specific gravity ranges from 0.85 to 0.95, and its melting point from . It is soluble in ether, petroleum, benzene, turpentine, chloroform, carbon disulfide and others. Galician ozokerite varies in color from light yellow to dark brown, and frequently appears green owing to dichroism. It usually melts at .
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Major intermediates from the halogenation and hydrohalogenation of ethylene include ethylene dichloride, ethyl chloride and ethylene dibromide. The addition of chlorine entails "oxychlorination", i.e. chlorine itself is not used. Some products derived from this group are polyvinyl chloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, methyl chloroform, polyvinylidene chloride and copolymers, and ethyl bromide.
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Feluda also shows a tin of toothpowder to Topshe. When Topshe enquires what is the use of this, Feluda tells that it is Churnamrito Brahmastra. That night, someone tries to make Feluda and Topshe unconscious by using chloroform. But Topshe wakes up Feluda and prevents them from becoming unconscious.
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The chemical compound trichloroethylene is a halocarbon commonly used as an industrial solvent. It is a clear, colourless non-flammable liquid with a chloroform-like sweet smell. It should not be confused with the similar 1,1,1-trichloroethane, which is commonly known as chlorothene. The IUPAC name is trichloroethene.
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The United States Pharmacopoeia lists diazepam as soluble 1 in 16 ethyl alcohol, 1 in 2 of chloroform, 1 in 39 ether, and practically insoluble in water. The pH of diazepam is neutral (i.e., pH = 7). Due to additives such as benzoic acid/benzoate in the injectable form.
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Dichloromethane (DCM or methylene chloride) is an organochloride compound with the formula CH2Cl2. This colorless, volatile liquid with a chloroform-like, sweet odour is widely used as a solvent. Although it is not miscible with water, it is polar, and miscible with many organic solvents.Rossberg, M. et al.
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Amputation was the best technique then available to limit the chance of serious infection. The Federals were generally well supplied with chloroform, morphine, and other drugs, though shortages did occur on the battlefield. Confederate surgeons were often short of critical drugs and medical supplies.King-Robertson-Clay, pp. 38–39.
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1,1-Dichloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless oily liquid with a chloroform-like odor. It is not easily soluble in water, but miscible with most organic solvents. Large volumes of 1,1-dichloroethane are manufactured, with annual production exceeding 1 million pounds in the United States.
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He offered dentistry services to miners and invested in real estate and mining stocks, becoming one of San Francisco's first millionaires. A pioneer in his field, Cogswell designed the vacuum method of securing dental plates and was the first in California to perform a dental operation using chloroform.
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CNS is a mixture of chloroacetophenone, chloropicrin and chloroform that is used as a chemical warfare agent. CNS has the lachrymatory effects of chloroacetophenone and choking effects of chloropicrin. It has a flypaper-like odor. CNS was used as a riot control agent, but it's no longer used now.
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Leona and Julio El Tonto (The Fool) Hernández, a son of Agustina the healer, offered to find a child. On the evening of June 27, 1910, Francisco Leona kidnapped Bernardo Gonzalez Parra, a seven year old from Rioja, drugged him with chloroform and put him in a sack.
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Upon crystallization, molecular or polymeric compounds can be isolated. Dissolution is also observed when a solution of the appropriate complexing agent in acetone or chloroform is used. For example, thiourea and its derivatives can be used. Solids that crystallize out of those solutions are composed of hybrid inorganic chains.
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Most organic solvents are flammable or highly flammable, depending on their volatility. Exceptions are some chlorinated solvents like dichloromethane and chloroform. Mixtures of solvent vapors and air can explode. Solvent vapors are heavier than air; they will sink to the bottom and can travel large distances nearly undiluted.
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These chlorinated compounds are emitted during cleaning applications, some of which are toxic and probable human carcinogens. The study showed that indoor air concentrations significantly increase (8–52 times for chloroform and 1–1170 times for carbon tetrachloride, respectively, above baseline quantities in the household) during the use of bleach containing products. The increase in chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations was the lowest for plain bleach and the highest for the products in the form of "thick liquid and gel." The significant increases observed in indoor air concentrations of several chlorinated VOCs (especially carbon tetrachloride and chloroform) indicate that the bleach use may be a source that could be important in terms of inhalation exposure to these compounds.
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From 1846 to 1848 he served as President of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh. During this period he lived at 12 Argyll Square, close to the University,Edinburgh and Leith Post Office Directory 1846-7 and following his marriage in 1847 he moved to a larger house at 43 George Square. Following in the footsteps of Robert Mortimer Glover, the more recognised James Young Simpson, and the overtly practical Francis Brodie Imlach, Gunning undertook experiments on the use and safety of chloroform during 1847/8. Gunning was firmly in the Glover camp: that chloroform was too dangerous for use on humans for full anaesthesia (Imlach used only partial anaesthesia, for dental extractions, perhaps the most logical use).
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Many governments set limits on the amount permissible in drinking water. However, trihalomethanes are only one group of many hundreds of possible disinfection by-products--the vast majority of which are not monitored--and it has not yet been clearly demonstrated which of these are the most plausible candidate for causation of these health effects. In the United States, the EPA limits the total concentration of the four chief constituents (chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane), referred to as total trihalomethanes (TTHM), to 80 parts per billion in treated water. Traces of chloroform is also formed in swimming pools that are disinfected with chlorine or hypochlorite in the haloform reaction with organic substances (e.g.
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Garavaglia took into account the physical evidence present on the remains she examined, as well as all the available information on the way they were found and what she had been told by the authorities, before arriving at her determination. "We know by our observations that it's a red flag when a child has not been reported to authorities with injury, there's foul play," Garavaglia said. " ... There is no child that should have duct tape on [the lower part of] its face when it dies." Additionally, Garavaglia addressed the chloroform evidence found by investigators inside the trunk of Casey's car, testifying that even a small amount of chloroform would be sufficient to cause the death of a child.
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He served as City Alderman 1850–1851. Herff pioneered the use of chloroform as early as 1854. A number of his patients were indigent, but Herff dedicated his career to caring for the patient regardless of financial circumstances. Herff was personal physician to Richard King, founder of the King Ranch.
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Ford v. United States, 12 Arizona 23 (1908) was concerned with charges of conspiracy to commit adultery within a brothel. Eytinge v. Territory of Arizona, 12 Arizona 131 (1909) dealt with murder by chloroform while Molina v. Territory of Arizona, 12 Arizona 14 (1908) involved a murder charge reduced to manslaughter.
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Those with exactly one ring are the cycloalkanes. Saturated hydrocarbons are the basis of petroleum fuels and are found as either linear or branched species. Substitution reaction is their characteristics property (like chlorination reaction to form chloroform). Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers.
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Dimethoxymethane, also called methylal, is a colorless flammable liquid with a low boiling point, low viscosity and excellent dissolving power. It has a chloroform-like odor and a pungent taste. It is the dimethyl acetal of formaldehyde. Dimethoxymethane is soluble in three parts water and miscible with most common organic solvents.
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3-Aminobenzoic acid (also known as meta-aminobenzoic acid or MABA) is an organic compound with the molecular formula H2NC6H4CO2H. MABA is a white solid, although commercial samples are often colored. It is only slightly soluble in water. It is soluble in acetone, boiling water, hot alcohol, hot chloroform and ether.
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2-Methyl-2-butene, 2m2b, 2-methylbut-2-ene, also amylene is an alkene hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C5H10. Used as a free radical scavenger in trichloromethane (chloroform) and dichloromethane (methylene chloride). John Snow experimented with it in the 1840s as an anesthetic, but stopped using it for unknown reasons.
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Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium is the organoruthenium half-sandwich compound with formula RuCl(PPh3)2(C5H5). It as an air-stable orange crystalline solid that is used in a variety of organometallic synthetic and catalytic transformations. The compound has idealized Cs symmetry. It is soluble in chloroform, dichloromethane, and acetone.
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Victory V lozenges are available in specialist shops and online, but no longer contain chloroform or ether. However, their scent and flavour is still vividly reminiscent of diethyl ether - presumably recreated via artificial means to preserve the original flavour. Today they are manufactured by Ernest Jackson & Co. Ltd. in Crediton, Devon.
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Next, Tia uses her telepathy to trace Tony's hideout, but is caught by Sickle using chloroform. She telepathically asks Alfred the goat to find the Earthquake Gang. They chase the goat back to the hideout. In the meantime Tony, Letha, Sickle, and Victor drive to a plutonium plant to steal plutonium.
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Diazepam is a 1,4-benzodiazepine. Diazepam occurs as solid white or yellow crystals with a melting point of 131.5 to 134.5 °C. It is odorless, and has a slightly bitter taste. The British Pharmacopoeia lists it as being very slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, and freely soluble in chloroform.
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Diphenylcarbazone is an orange solid that dissolves well in Ethanol, Chloroform and Benzene and is almost insoluable in water. It forms a purple complex compound with Hg(II) ions. Likewise, other metal ions, such as Cr(III) ions form colored complexes with Diphenylcarbazone. Diphenylcarbazone can be produced from Diphenylcarbazide via oxidation.
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General anesthetic propofol and inhaled anesthetics xeon, chloroform, isoflurane, diethyl ether disrupt lipid raft function including palmitate mediated localization of PLD2 to lipid rafts. Activation of PLD then activates TREK-1 channels. The membrane mediated PLD2 activation could be transferred to an anesthetic insensitive homolog TRAAK, rending the channel anesthetic sensitive.
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Eucalyptol has a fresh mint-like smell and a spicy, cooling taste. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with ether, ethanol, and chloroform. The boiling point is 176°C and the flash point is 49°C. Eucalyptol forms crystalline adducts with hydrohalic acids, o-cresol, resorcinol, and phosphoric acid.
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Meanwhile, at Thampi's house, Vijayan is caught in a power struggle between Thampi's wife and mother. Thampi's maid falls for Vijan, who is annoyed by that. At night, Vijayan sneaks to get Isaac's blood but accidentally, inhales chloroform while sneezing. At midnight, a mysterious figure arrives at Prabhakaran Thampi's house.
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Veratridine has a pKa of 9.54. It is slightly soluble in ether, soluble in ethanol and DMSO, and freely soluble in chloroform. Solubility in water is pH-dependent; the free base form is slightly soluble, but easily dissolves in 1 M HCl. Its nitrate salt is slightly soluble in water.
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His inventions included the bulky 'Clover's chloroform apparatus' (1862), with which he was often photographed; and the compact 'Clover's portable regulating ether inhaler' (1877), which remained in used well into the 20th century. With fellow pioneer John Snow, Clover is one of the supporters on the crest of the Royal College of Anaesthetists.
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The optical properties of PTs can be sensitive to many factors. PTs exhibit absorption shifts due to application of electric potentials (electrochromism), or to introduction of alkali ions (ionochromism). Soluble PATs exhibit both thermochromism and solvatochromism (see above) in chloroform and 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran. Ionoselective PTs reported by Bäuerle (left) and Swager (right).
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March 2008 saw the release of the band's first two videos, "Chloroform Girl" and "Pure Bedlam for Halfbreeds", which are available on the band's official MySpace page. Both videos were directed by Dan Edwards. A video has also been produced for "Bring Me the Head of Andy Warhol", which is available on YouTube.
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Death, according to news reports, appeared to be preferable for the two women rather than facing further humiliations for their family. Before their own deaths, the women used the same method of saturating rolls of cotton with chloroform to sedate and murder Florine's six-year-old daughter and three-year-old son.
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Rabeprazole is characterized as a white to yellowish-white solid in its pure form. It is soluble in a number of solvents. Rabeprazole is very soluble in water and methanol, freely soluble in ethanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and is insoluble in ether and n-hexane. It is unstable under humid conditions.
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Sascha Hönighaus: Karin Magnussen, Berlin 2007, p. 197 The Hungarian prisoner pathologist Miklós Nyiszli noted after the autopsy of Sinti twins that they had been killed, not due to illness, but because of a chloroform injection to the heart. Nyiszli had to prepare their eyes and send them to the KWI-A.
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Compared to other pyryliums H2,6 is more than that of oxygen or sulfur, H3,5 is between that of oxygen and sulfur, and H4 is very similar to thiopyrylium, but is slightly lower. NMR for 13C has the same trends as for the attached hydrogens. Solvents include trifluoroacetic acid, methanol, dichloromethane, chloroform and acetonitrile.
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Jackson was a guest at the Iroquois Hotel on West 44th Street in New York City where Geidel was working as a bellhop. Geidel entered Jackson's room, and suffocated him to death with a rag filled with chloroform. Geidel made off with only a few dollars. Geidel was arrested two days later.
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However, Dan retaliates by saying how Pierce "figured out our secret recipe for potato salad". By the end of the interrogation, they have confirmed that the last antidote ingredient is in Angkor, Cambodia. Angkor was one of the most developed societies of the ancient world. Dan inhales chloroform in order to pass out.
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Trigonelline crystallizes as a monohydrate from alcohol in hygroscopic prisms (m.p. 130 °C or 218 °C [dry, dec.]). It is readily soluble in water or warm alcohol, less so in cold alcohol, and slightly so in chloroform or ether. The salts crystallize well, the monohydrochloride, in leaflets, sparingly soluble in dry alcohol.
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The linear PEIs are solids at room temperature while branched PEIs are liquids at all molecular weights. Linear polyethyleneimines are soluble in hot water, at low pH, in methanol, ethanol, or chloroform. They are insoluble in cold water, benzene, ethyl ether, and acetone. They have a melting point of 73–75°C.
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Carbenes are classified as either singlets or triplets, depending upon their electronic structure. Most carbenes are very short lived, although persistent carbenes For detailed reviews on stable carbenes, see: (a) (b) are known. One well- studied carbene is dichlorocarbene Cl2C:, which can be generated in situ from chloroform and a strong base.
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Indigo, space-filling Indigo dye is a dark blue crystalline powder that sublimes at . It is insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether, but soluble in DMSO, chloroform, nitrobenzene, and concentrated sulfuric acid. The chemical formula of indigo is C16H10N2O2. The molecule absorbs light in the orange part of the spectrum (λmax = 613 nm).
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The resulting ternary azeotrope is neither positive nor negative. Its boiling point falls between the boiling points of acetone and chloroform, so it is neither a maximum nor a minimum boiling point. This type of system is called a saddle azeotrope. Only systems of three or more constituents can form saddle azeotropes.
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The segment ends as an agitated woman arrives at the warehouse and finds Shurik and the trio lying on a floor asleep — Coward having fainted earlier on, Fool and Pro having been "rendered harmless" by Shurik, and Shurik himself having fallen asleep after accidentally wiping his face with the chloroform soaked handkerchief.
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Banai and his neighbours were arrested as searches began. However, as the equipment had already been removed, nothing was found. All the while the hostages were kept in the polishing plant. They had been drugged with chloroform during their abduction and when they came to, Kaplan told them they had been taken hostage.
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AC filler (Hydrocyanic Acid) was a blood agent. CNS (Chloracetophenone solution) was a tear gas made from CN gas (Chloracetophenone) dissolved in Chlorpicrin and Chloroform. M1 (B Chlorvinyldichlorarsine, or "Lewisite") was a liquid that turned into a powerful vesicant gas upon exposure that chemically burned the surfaces of exposed skin and lungs.
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Acrylic acid (IUPAC: propenoic acid) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCOOH. It is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus. This colorless liquid has a characteristic acrid or tart smell. It is miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, and chloroform.
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Lizzy burns the pages in the fireplace. To relieve her anxiety, Lizzy renders herself unconscious with chloroform. Some time later, Lizzy is awoken by a reverend passing by. She provides him a meal and offers him lodging in the Harpers' empty cabin, but urges that he not answer the door after dark.
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First, 2-(o-chlorobenzoylamino)-5-bromo-2-chlorobenzophenone is prepared by acylation of p-bromoaniline with o-chlorobenzoic acid acyl chloride in the presence of a zinc chloride catalyst. This is hydrolysed with aqueous sulfuric acid to yield 2-amino-5-bromo-2'-chlorobenzophenone, which is then acylated with hydrochloride of aminoacetic acid acyl chloride in chloroform to form 2-(aminomethylkarbonylamino)-5-bromo-2-chlorobenzophenone hydrochloride, which is converted to a base with aqueous ammonia and then thermally cyclized to bromodihydrochlorophenylbenzodiazepine (phenazepam). Hydrochloride of aminoacetic acid acyl chloride is prepared by chemical treating glycine with phosphorus pentachloride (PCI₅) in chloroform. Synthesis of Phenazepam This method of Phenazepam synthesis was developed in the 1970s at the Physico- Chemical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR.
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Blackborow had gangrene in his toes and shortly after the boat left, Macklin and McIlroy were forced to amputate all the toes on his left foot; Macklin gave him a chloroform anaesthetic while McIlroy removed the toes. Like most of the crew, Macklin was awarded the Silver Polar Medal for his efforts during the expedition.
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Unfortunately, molecules that are polar enough to support these solvated ion pairs often interrupt the polymerization in other ways, such as by destroying propagating species or coordinating with initiator ions, and so they are seldom utilized. Typical solvents for ionic polymerization include non-polar molecules such as pentane, or moderately polar molecules such as chloroform.
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Thiram is a type of sulfur fungicide. It has been found to dissolve completely in chloroform, acetone, and ether. It is available as dust, flowable, wettable powder, water dispersible granules, and water suspension formulations and in mixtures with other fungicides. Thiram is nearly immobile in clay soils or in soils of high organic matter.
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Chloroformic acid is an unstable chemical compound with the formula ClCO2H. It is the single acyl-halide derivative of carbonic acid (phosgene is the double acyl-halide derivative). Chloroformic acid is also structurally related to formic acid, which has a hydrogen instead of the chlorine. Despite the similar name, it is very different from chloroform.
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They had planned to scare Hema using a chemical-soaked napkin. The chemical is believed to be chloroform (used to clean the moulds of sculptures) or a pesticide (which Vidyadhar procured from his brother). Vidyadhar held Hema from behind, as Azad held the napkin to her face. When Bhambhani intervened, Shiv and Pradeep overpowered him.
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Pentoxyverine dihydrogen citrate, the salt that is commonly used for oral preparations, is a white to off-white, crystalline powder. It dissolves easily in water or chloroform, but not in benzene, diethyl ether, or petroleum ether. It melts at . Other orally available salts are the hydrochloride and the tannate; suppositories contain the free base.
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A color reaction in an acidified, aqueous methylene blue solution containing chloroform can detect anionic surfactants in a water sample. Such a test is known as an MBAS assay (methylene blue active substances assay). The MBAS assay cannot distinguish between specific surfactants, however. Some examples of anionic surfactants are carboxylates, phosphates, sulfates, and sulfonates.
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Dr. William MacLure (Edmund Gwenn) a Scottish doctor, adopts Lassie, who has an unnatural aversion to water. The Dr. tries to cure Lassie of her fears, but she remains water- shy. Young Tammas Milton needs an operation. The doctor wants to use chloroform but the locals in the Glen are against this new idea.
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If the patient survives past 24 hours, recovery is probable. The treatment for strychnine poisoning in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was to administer tannic acid which precipitates the strychnine as an insoluble tannate salt, and then to anaesthetise the patient with chloroform until the effects of the strychnine had worn off.
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Benzotrichloride (BTC), also known as α,α,α-trichlorotoluene, phenyl chloroform or (trichloromethyl)benzene, is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CCl3. Benzotrichloride is an unstable, colorless (to yellowish), viscous, chlorinated hydrocarbon with a penetrating odor. Benzotrichloride is used extensively as a chemical intermediate for products of various classes, i.e. dyes and antimicrobial agents.
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The chemistry lab contains all equipment required for a secondary science education. Different kinds of chemicals also available here. Biology lab also has human skeleton, different kinds of anesthetic, different specimen of animals and plants reserved with chloroform. The school got many good and enthusiastic teacher in the field of science, arts and commerce.
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The solution is extracted with chloroform and then dried with magnesium sulfate. The solvent is evaporated and the solid residue is then recrystallized from petroleum ether. The resulting product, 5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinoline, is then mixed with 1,8-dibromooctane in acetonitrile and refluxed for 8 hours. After cooling, the precipitate is filtered and recrystallized from actonitrile.
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Doses of 500 mg/kg cause clinical signs and significant mortality in rats. The use of chlorine-based disinfectants in domestic water, although widespread, has led to some controversy due to the formation of small quantities of harmful byproducts such as chloroform. Studies showed no uptake of lithium if pools with lithium hypochlorite have been used.
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The 19th century discovery of ether and chloroform and their potential for eliminating pain and suffering during surgery along with the importance of antisepsis led to the construction of appropriate facilities for surgery. In 1892 at the Kingston Hospital, surgeon Kenneth Fenwick offered to fund the construction of a surgical amphitheatre which was completed and in operation by 1895.
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The crystallinity can lie in the range of a few to 70%. Processability, impact strength and flexibility improves with a higher percentage of valerate in the material. PHAs are soluble in halogenated solvents such chloroform, dichloromethane or dichloroethane. PHB is similar in its material properties to polypropylene (PP), has a good resistance to moisture and aroma barrier properties.
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This motif is mediated with halogen bonds and halogen-π interactions. Solvent interactions are also noted in the formation of the hexagonal structures, especially in pyridine and chloroform. Initially, crystals that form these solutions form channeled structures. Over time, new needle-like solvate-free structures form are packed tighter together, and these needles are actually the thermodynamically favored crystal.
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1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane, or R-114, also known as cryofluorane (INN), is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) with the molecular formula ClFCCFCl. Its primary use has been as a refrigerant. It is a non-flammable gas with a sweetish, chloroform-like odor with the critical point occurring at 145.6 °C and 3.26 MPa. When pressurized or cooled, it is a colorless liquid.
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1,3,5-Trioxane, sometimes also called trioxane or trioxin, is a chemical compound with molecular formula CHO. It is a white solid with a chloroform- like odor. It is a stable cyclic trimer of formaldehyde, and one of the three trioxane isomers; its molecular backbone consists of a six-membered ring with three carbon atoms alternating with three oxygen atoms.
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Afterwards, they are blended (homogenize) with sodium sulfite. Then the extract is filtered and clarified by centrifugation (10.000 g during 10 minutes). The next step is to add polyethylene glycol (PEG). Finally, after nearly two hours of incubation at 4 °C, and after another centrifugation (at low speed) the nucleic acids can be extracted by chloroform procedures, for example.
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It is well absorbed, metabolized, and eliminated rapidly by mammals after oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure. Accidental splashing into the eyes has caused irritation. Prolonged dermal exposure can result in the development of sores as a result of defatting. Elimination is primarily from lungs in the form of chloroform and carbon dioxide; less than 1% is excreted in urine.
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Suxamethonium is an odorless, white crystalline substance. Aqueous solutions have a pH of about 4. The dihydrate melts at 160 °C, whereas the anhydrous melts at 190 °C. It is highly soluble in water (1 gram in about 1 mL), soluble in ethyl alcohol (1 gram in about 350 mL), slightly soluble in chloroform, and practically insoluble in ether.
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Other particularly important organochlorines are methyl chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, vinylidene chloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, allyl chloride, epichlorohydrin, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzenes, and trichlorobenzenes. The major inorganic compounds include HCl, Cl2O, HOCl, NaClO3, chlorinated isocyanurates, AlCl3, SiCl4, SnCl4, PCl3, PCl5, POCl3, AsCl3, SbCl3, SbCl5, BiCl3, S2Cl2, SCl2, SOCI2, ClF3, ICl, ICl3, TiCl3, TiCl4, MoCl5, FeCl3, ZnCl2, and so on.
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He was always prone to depression. After 1882, he began to suffer the effects of alcoholism and chloroform inhalation; resulting in periods of stagnation and poverty. By 1894, his health was permanently damaged. However, after a period of recovery, he received gold medals in 1897 and 1901 and was awarded an honorary Professorship by Prince Regent Luitpold in 1898.
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About 20M kg/y are produced industrially as both a by-product of and precursor to the manufacture of Teflon. It is produced by reaction of chloroform with HF: :CHCl3 \+ 3 HF → CHF3 \+ 3 HCl It is also generated biologically in small amounts apparently by decarboxylation of trifluoroacetic acid.Kirschner, E., Chemical and Engineering News 1994, 8.
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ACE mixture is an historical anaesthetic agent for general anaesthesia. It was first suggested by George Harley and first used in England around 1860. In 1864 it was recommended for use by the Royal Medical and Surgical Society's Chloroform Committee. It was rarely used after the 19th century, except in Germany, where it was used for slightly longer.
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Observations of methyl chloroform at Mace Head have also been useful in the understanding of methane removal from the atmosphere, which is caused by trends in atmospheric hydroxyl radical concentrations. Whilst Mace Head does measure numerous atmospheric compositions, they mainly focuses on the measurements of aerosols and mercury readings, but also observed and measures storms and strong winds.
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His leg breaks during the disposal of a victim's body, and he is forced to attach a metal rod to support his ankle. Mark also begins to lose his grip on reality and suffers from hallucinations. His decomposition becomes so severe that he can no longer bear to look at himself, so he overdoses with a bottle of chloroform.
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The addition is an anti-Markovnikov addition. Early work linked the addition to olefin polymerization and is therefore considered a first step into what was to become atom transfer radical polymerization. An example of Karasch addition is the synthesis of 1,1,3-trichloro-n-nonane from 1-octene, chloroform and ferric chloride](FeCl2)]. Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol.
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Living isobutylene polymerization typically takes place in a mixed solvent system comprising a non-polar solvent, such as hexane, and a polar solvent, such as chloroform or dichloromethane, at temperatures below 0 °C. With more polar solvents polyisobutylene solubility becomes a problem. Initiators can be alcohols, halides and ethers. Co-initiators are boron trichloride, tin tetrachloride and organoaluminum halides.
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A simple lipid is a fatty acid ester of different alcohols and carries no other substance. These lipids belong to a heterogeneous class of predominantly nonpolar compounds, mostly insoluble in water, but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents such as chloroform and benzene. Simple lipids: esters of fatty acids with various alcohols. :a. Fats: esters of fatty acids with glycerol.
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Only when he is put under a magic spell, hypnotized or drugged with chloroform Jerom joins the antagonists. Jerom is usually calm and level headed. When other people around him act aggressive or showcase other heavy emotions Jerom always remains restrained and master of the situation. He always talks in a telegram style and shortens Lambik's name as "Bik".
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First, genomic DNA (gDNA) is extracted from cells of interest by proteinase K treatment followed by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. Additional zymolyase digestion is necessary for yeast cells to remove the cell wall prior to proteinase K treatment. gDNA can also be extracted with a variety of other methods, such as column-based methods.
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Earlier versions contained trichlorofluoromethane. Miles V. Sullivan's 1945 patent suggested ether, alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, or chloroform. Air is removed from the apparatus during manufacture, so the space inside the body is filled by vapor evaporated from the fluid. The upper bulb has a "beak" attached which, along with the head, is covered in a felt-like material.
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Ranga (Srikanth) is a thief who lives in Stuart Nagar. He was raised by his grandmother (Sakuntala) in her house. He used to steal from corrupt police officers because they could not file a complaint for the theft of money from their own houses. He would steal money and valuables by spraying a sedative called chloroform in their houses.
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The only anaesthetics available were chloroform and ether. His notes from the period express particular distress at wounds involving the knee-joint, and the regularity of gangrene- induced amputations. The quality of Jimmy's work earned him a transfer to , a newly built destroyer. Its mission was to escort troopships across the Channel, and to carry out anti-submarine patrols.
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1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone, also called quinizarin, is an isomer of alizarin. Alizarin is one of ten dihydroxyanthraquinone isomers. It is soluble in hexane and chloroform, and can be obtained from the latter as red-purple crystals, melting point 277–278 °C. Alizarin changes color depending on the pH of the solution it is in, thereby making it a pH indicator.
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The 1800s brought increased technical sophistication. By the late 1880s, German dye manufacturers had perfected the purification of individual organic compounds from tar and other mineral sources and had also established rudimentary methods in organic chemical synthesis. thumb Chloral hydrate was introduced as a sleeping aid and sedative in 1869. Chloroform was first used as an anesthetic in 1847.
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Elaterin is extracted from elaterium by chloroform and then precipitated by ether. It has the formula C32H44O7. It forms colorless scales which have a bitter taste, but it is highly inadvisable to taste either this substance or elaterium. The British pharmacopeia contained a useful preparation, the Pulvis Elaterini Compositus, which contains one part of the active principle in 40.
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Eve Blantyre Simpson was born in Edinburgh, one of the nine children of professor James Young Simpson (1811–1870) and Janet "Jessie" Grindlay Simpson (1812–1870). She was still a girl when both parents died, within a few weeks of each other, in 1870. Her father, an obstetrician, popularised the use of chloroform as an anaesthetic.
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He became Head Surgeon of St. Peters Hospital and a professor of surgery in 1834. He invented the use of starched bandages. Seutin had travelled through Russia demonstrating his starched bandage, and his technique had been adopted by both the Russian army and navy by 1837. And, in 1848, was the first to use chloroform for anaesthesia.
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DVD-A release Released in March 2004, the album was re-released on the DVD-A format, featuring the original album, the two special edition songs recorded during the sessions, ("Drown with Me" and "Chloroform"), and an additional song ("Futile"), all remixed in 5.1 surround sound, and the music videos for "Strip the Soul", "Blackest Eyes", and "Wedding Nails".
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After careful preparations, he kidnaps Miranda by drugging her with chloroform and locks her up in the cellar of his house. He is convinced that Miranda will start to love him after some time. However, when she wakes up, she confronts him with his actions. Clegg is embarrassed and promises to let her go after a month.
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2-Naphthol, or β-naphthol, is a fluorescent colorless (or occasionally yellow) crystalline solid with the formula C10H7OH. It is an isomer of 1-naphthol, differing by the location of the hydroxyl group on the naphthalene ring. The naphthols are naphthalene homologues of phenol, but more reactive. Both isomers are soluble in simple alcohols, ethers, and chloroform.
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In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium salts are employed as phase transfer catalysts (PTCs). Such catalysts accelerate reactions between reagents dissolved in immiscible solvents. The highly reactive reagent dichlorocarbene is generated via PTC by reaction of chloroform and aqueous sodium hydroxide. Anion exchange resins, in the form of beads, contain quaternary ammonium ions bound to a polymer.
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In the four-month period from September 1914 to January 1915, 17 residents—an unusually high number—died at the Home. Fearing foul play, the administration called the police in to investigate. Mors had used arsenic and chloroform to murder at least eight of the elderly residents. He later claimed he was "putting them out of their misery".
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1-Hexacosanol is a saturated primary fatty alcohol with a carbon chain length of 26 that is a white waxy solid at room temperature. It is freely soluble in chloroform and insoluble in water. It occurs naturally in the epicuticular wax and plant cuticle of many plant species.Baker, EA (1982) Chemistry and morphology of plant epicuticular waxes.
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So, an optimum Kass = 104–1010M−1need to be attained for producing functional supramolecular polymers. The dynamics and stability of the supramolecular polymers often affect by the influence of additives (e.g. co-solvent or chain-capper). When a good solvent, for instance chloroform, is added to a supramolecular polymer in a poor solvent, for instance heptane, the polymer disassembles.
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Polar molecules have a net attraction between them. Examples of polar molecules include hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chloroform (CHCl3). : Often molecules contain dipolar groups of atoms, but have no overall dipole moment on the molecule as a whole. This occurs if there is symmetry within the molecule that causes the dipoles to cancel each other out.
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By 1839, Almon had returned to Halifax and had an established a medical practice. He is noted for being among the first physicians in North America to employ chloroform as a surgical anesthetic, a procedure he first performed on 5 February 1848, within 90 days of the first- ever application of chloroform as an anesthetic by James Young Simpson in Edinburgh. Almon was also a pivotal figure in the establishment of the first hospital in Halifax, and helped found, and served three terms as president of, the Medical Society of Nova Scotia. As an alumnus of King's College, Almon created the Welsford Testimonial (Almon-Welsford Testimonial) after the fallen Crimean War Hero (See the Welsford-Parker Monument), the President of the University presents it to the successful candidate every year.
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He also played the banjo in the team's musical ensemble. After the castaways found a refuge on Elephant Island, McIlroy was the surgeon performing the amputation of Perce Blackborow's gangrenous toes, with Macklin serving as anestheologist, carefully administering a tiny quantity of salvaged chloroform as anaesthesia. After the rescue of McIlroy and his comrades, the physician was awarded the Silver Polar Medal.
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He drank it only after being convinced it was necessary. Brandon's foot was removed after a torniquet was put in place.; Brandon's arteries were then sewn in what was likely to be a very painful procedure, as there was not enough chloroform to produce a full anesthesia. To replace his amputated leg, his doctors gave him a wooden prosthetic leg.
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Large-scale application McIntosh et al. used an allylic diazene rearrangement in their synthesis of the C21–C34 fragment of antascomicin B. The hydrazone was reduced selectively with catecholborane and excess reducing agent decomposed with sodium thiosulfate. The crude reaction product was then treated with sodium acetate and heated under reflux in chloroform to give the 1,4-syn isomer. Scheme 22.
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He showed that dormancy could be broken by various anesthetic compounds, such as diethyl ether and chloroform. In 1892, he was appointed lecturer at Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University and later became professor of botany and plant physiology. He taught plant physiology.Warming, Eug. & W. Johannsen (1895) Den almindelige Botanik (General Botany): En Lærebog, nærmest til Brug for Studerende og Lærere. 3rd edn, Kjøbenhavn.
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Prasad rapes Nandhini in a forest by spraying chloroform out of lust. A few years later she is about to marry Shankar, Prasad's friend, much to Prasad's surprise. He still lusts and wants a sexual relationship with her both before and after she marries. But his heart suddenly changes, and he gets an urge to marry her instead of making her his concubine.
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The flying squad typically consisted of an obstetrician, anaesthetist, midwife, and a helper such as a hospital orderly. The service was activated following a phone call for assistance, and the team members would 'fly' (meaning 'travel quickly') to the scene. The anaesthetic equipment initially was quite simple and consisted of a Schimmelbusch mask to administer chloroform. Later more sophisticated equipment was used.
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Nicoletta Sacchi (born August 29, 1949) is an Italian professor of oncology at the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. She is the co-discoverer of the acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction method to extract RNA from biological samples with Trizol. As a consequence of this groundbreaking discovery she is now considered the most cited woman scientist in the world.
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Methylamine is a good nucleophile as it is an unhindered amine. As an amine it is considered a weak base. Its use in organic chemistry is pervasive. Some reactions involving simple reagents include: with phosgene to methyl isocyanate, with carbon disulfide and sodium hydroxide to the sodium methyldithiocarbamate, with chloroform and base to methyl isocyanide and with ethylene oxide to methylethanolamines.
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According to Giles, this is what set off the Salem Witch Trials. Buffy and Giles are knocked out with chloroform by Joyce and her friends, at the behest of the two children. Amy, Willow, and Buffy are taken to City Hall where they are tied to wooden posts surrounded by books. Cordelia finds Giles unconscious, wakes him and they rush to City Hall.
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He still appears normal and continues to live and function in society, although his bite wound will not heal and the surrounding tissue is starting to decay. He picks up a hitchhiker, knocks him out with chloroform, and eats most of the man's chest. He then burns the man's body and possessions. Meanwhile, Sarah begins seeing another man named David.
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Late one night after a date, someone rings her doorbell, but she sees no one. Mark attacks her with chloroform and brings her back inside her apartment to look at her one last time. Mark continues on his hunting spree as his appearance slowly becomes more ghastly and his behavior more erratic. He begins losing a lot of weight and becomes weaker.
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Secondary alkyl halides often do not react well, producing alkenes as side-products. Allyl and propargyl halides are also reactive, but can proceed through an SN2 or an SN2` mechanism. Reaction with primary alkyl halides and acyl halides generally proceed smoothly. Carbon tetrachloride interestingly enough, only undergoes the reaction a single time with chloroform being inert to the reaction conditions.
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Momordicinin (13β,28-epoxy-urs-11-en-3-one) is chemical compound, a triterpene with formula , found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia). The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and chloroform but not in petrol. It crystallizes as irregular plates that melt at 146−147 °C. It was isolated in 1997 by S. Begum and others.
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Momordenol (3β-hydroxy-stigmasta-5,14-dien-16-one) is a natural chemical compound, a sterol found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia). The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and methanol but not in pure chloroform or petrol. It crystallizes as fine needles that melt at 160-161 °C. It was isolated in 1997 by S. Begum and others.
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She graduated from Newcastle University with a degree in psychology in 1974.Linda Stratmann: A brief biography Retrieved on 13 February 2018 After graduating she joined the Civil service and trained to be an Inspector of Taxes. She moved to London in 1987 and left the Civil Service in 2001. In 2002 she published her first book, on the history of chloroform.
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Tetramethylammonium chloride reacts with BCl3 to make (CH3)4NBCl4. Then the tetrachloroborate is reacted with N2O4 at around −20 °C to form tetramethylammonium nitratoborate, and other gases such as NO2Cl and Cl2. Another mechanism to make tetranitratoborate salts is to shake a metal nitrate with BCl3 in chloroform at 20 °C for several days. Chloronitratoborate [Cl3BNO3]− is an unstable intermediate.
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Importantly, RNA integrity is maintained by inactivating RNases with chaotropic agents such as guanidinium isothiocyanate, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), phenol or chloroform. Total RNA is then separated from other cellular components and precipitated with alcohol. Various commercial kits exist for simple and rapid RNA extractions for specific applications. Additional bead-based methods can be used to isolate specific sub-types of RNA (e.g.
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The magnetic beads are washed to remove any gDNA not bound to the beads by a series of washes and DNA-RNA hybrids are recovered by elution. To remove the antibody bound to the nucleic acid hybrids, proteinase K treatment is performed followed by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. This results in the isolation of purified DNA-RNA hybrids of different sizes.
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In that year he joined the staff of the newly established Nottingham and Midland Eye Infirmary. Especially in cases of cataract, Taylor gained a high reputation as a surgeon, and an international practice. He always operated by artificial light, would not use chloroform, and never employed a qualified assistant. His patients included Mary Gove Nichols, to whom he restored full sight in 1868.
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Xanthopurpurin is insoluble in hexane but soluble in chloroform. It can be obtained from solutions in the latter as reddish crystals that melt at 270–273 °C. Like many dihydroxy- and trihydroxyanthraquinones, it has a purgative action, although only 1/6 as effective as 1,2,7-trihidroxyanthraquinone (anthrapurpurin). Hugh Alister McGuigan (1921), An introduction to chemical pharmacology; pharmacodynamics in relation to chemistry.
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These two new Communities worked on the creation of a customs union and nuclear power community respectively. The Rome treaties were hurried through just before de Gaulle was given emergency powers and proclaimed the Fifth Republic. Despite his efforts to "chloroform" the Communities, their fields rapidly expanded and the EEC became the most important tool for political unification, overshadowing the ECSC.
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Two other medical innovations also appeared at this time, anesthetic and antiseptic. The use of ether and chloroform as anaesthetics became common in England and the US after 1846. In Canada, Dr. David Parker of Halifax is credited as the first to use anaesthesia during surgery. Antiseptic was being used in the operating rooms of the Montreal and Toronto General hospitals by 1869.
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FAIRE uses the biochemical properties of protein-bound DNA to separate nucleosome- depleted regions in the genome. Cells will be subjected to cross-linking, ensuring that the interaction between the nucleosomes and DNA are fixed. After sonication, the fragmented and fixed DNA is separated using a phenol- chloroform extraction. This method creates two phases, an organic and an aqueous phase.
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Peter Steele Connell The Photochemistry of Dinitrogen Pentoxide. Ph. D. thesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Dinitrogen pentoxide is an unstable and potentially dangerous oxidizer that once was used as a reagent when dissolved in chloroform for nitrations but has largely been superseded by NO2BF4 (nitronium tetrafluoroborate). N2O5 is a rare example of a compound that adopts two structures depending on the conditions.
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Sarah goes back to sleep, but the woman infiltrates the house and drugs her with chloroform before injecting her with oxytocin. Sarah awakens as the woman prepares to abduct her unborn child. The two fight, and Sarah flees down the hall, locking herself in the bathroom. The woman retrieves Sarah's ringing cellphone from the kitchen, which is receiving a call from Isaac.
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He conducted experiments on the reflexes and the nervous system of living animals, especially frogs, using ether and chloroform out of consideration for their pain . He became friends with James Henry Leigh Hunt, and through him he entered London literary society and met John Stuart Mill, Thomas Carlyle and Charles Dickens. In 1841, he married Agnes Jervis, daughter of Swynfen Stevens Jervis.
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She tells him that Small is dead and asks him to pick her up from Marmora. Realizing that the water supply is vulnerable to being cut off or poisoned, Harris installs guards at the Waterworks, which he built. Caravaggio introduces Patrick to his wife. They fraternize at a party for the rich, then steal a multimillion-dollar yacht from a couple they chloroform.
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The site is suspected to have 9 million gallons of industrial waste, which has caused groundwater to become contaminated with the chemical wastes, causing multiple people who neighbor the site to not be able to use the water. The chemicals dumped are 1,2- Dichloroethane, arsenic, benzene, chloroform, lead, and vinyl chloride. All of which contaminated either the groundwater, soil, air, or nearby creeks.
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Pagodane is an organic compound with formula whose carbon skeleton was said to resemble a pagoda, hence the name. It is a polycyclic hydrocarbon whose molecule has the D2h point symmetry group. The compound is a highly crystalline solid that melts at 243 °C, is barely soluble in most organic solvents and moderately soluble in benzene and chloroform. It sublimes at low pressure.
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Daniel is bailed and he follows Claudia home and attacks her with chloroform and ties her to her bed. He admits to the murder and rape and goes to shower. Jennifer Mapplethorpe arrives and she places her gun on the bed as she frees Claudia. Daniel returns and tries to attack Jennifer with a pair of scissors, but Claudia shoots him dead.
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Under in vitro conditions virions are inactivated in acid environment of pH 3–5. Virions are not stable at raised temperature in presence of high concentration of Mg++. Virions are sensitive to treatment with trypsin (in some strains, not sensitive to treatment with mild detergents, or ether, or chloroform. The infectivity is enhanced after treatment with trypsin (in some strains).
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A blanket found at the crime scene matched Caylee's bedding at her grandparents' home. Among photos entered into evidence was one from the computer of Ricardo Morales, an ex-boyfriend of Casey Anthony, depicting a poster with the caption "Win her over with Chloroform"."Casey Anthony trial: 'Oh my God, I'm such a good liar' Casey told witness" . Palm Beach Post.
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A wrapping used to immobilize the arm to the chest wall is known as a "Velpeau bandage". There are several other medical terms associated with his name, however these terms are now primarily used for historical purposes only; these include: "Velpeau hernia" for the femoral hernia, "Velpeau's disease" for hidradenitis suppurativa, "Velpeau's canal" for the inguinal canal and "Velpeau's fossa", also known as the ischiorectal fossa.Mondofacto Dictionary definition of eponyms Despite being one of the top surgeons in his time, Velpeau believed that pain-free surgery was a fantasy, and that surgery and pain were inseparable. With the advent of anaesthetics such as ether and chloroform in the 1840s, Velpeau was amazed, saying "On the subject of ether, that it is a wonderful and terrible agent, I will say of chloroform, that it is still more wonderful and more terrible".
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Then-presidential candidate Petro Poroshenko told journalists about a closed session of parliament where evidence was presented that "toxic substances" had been placed in the Trade Unions House to facilitate an increased death toll, and that the events were organised in advance by Russian and local officials. Amid the ingoing investigation, Ukraine's deputy Interior Minister and Chief Investigator Vitaliy Sakal told journalists on 19 May that traces of chloroform had been found in the building, and that thirty-two deaths in the building were attributed to the inhalation of an as yet unidentified substance. Sakal added that the mixture containing chloroform had been in the Trade Unions building for several days. Sakal said that an investigation to determine the substance's origin was ongoing, and that Ukrainian investigators have urged the Israeli Embassy to provide skilled professionals to assist Ukrainian specialists in this regard.
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Sykes, pages 8,30. Clover's choice of speciality helped to fill the vacancy created by the death of John Snow in 1858. Clover was probably present at Robert Liston's first operation under ether anaesthesia at University College Hospital in December 1846. Clover wrote in 1871 that he had given chloroform more than 7000 times, in addition to other anaesthetics in another 4000 cases, without a fatality.
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Because of his expertise in anaesthesia, Clover was often sought out when important figures required surgery. He gave chloroform to Napoleon III of France on 2 January 1873, at Chislehurst, Kent, and again on 6 January, for a procedure to break up a bladder stone. The Emperor died on 9 January. Clover was a signatory to his autopsy report, together with five other physicians.
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In 1876, Cream married Flora Brooks, whom he had impregnated and almost killed while aborting the baby.Shore (1955) p.15 Flora died, apparently of consumption, in 1877, a death for which Cream would later be blamed. In August 1879, Kate Gardener, a woman with whom he was alleged to have had an affair, was found dead in an alleyway behind Cream's office, pregnant and poisoned by chloroform.
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Water free chloroacetaldehyde is prepared from the hydrate by azeotropic distillation with chloroform, toluene or carbon tetrachloride. Anhydrous chloroacetaldehyde reversibly converts to polyacetals. Less reactive chloroacetaldehyde derivatives might be used instead to obtain chloroacetaldehyde or bypass its intermediate formation completely: e.g. chloroacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (2-chloro-1,1-dimethoxyethane) hydrolyzes in acidic conditions to give chloroacetaldehyde, which may then quickly react with the other reagents instead of polymerizing.
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The mother agreed to sell her daughter for a total of £5 — equivalent to approximately £647 in 2019.According to the Bank of England inflation calculator. On 3 June, the bargain was made. On the same day, Jarrett then took Eliza to a midwife and abortionist named Louise Mourez, who examined her and attested to her virginity and sold Jarrett a bottle of chloroform.
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Mary took a vial of chloroform from her purse and forced her husband to breathe it in for about twenty minutes, until he stopped struggling. Mary went through Marcus's pockets and removed his life insurance payment book. Mary and Perham then rolled the body into the nearby river and Marcus Rogers drowned. Mary tacked Marcus's hat to a tree with a false suicide note.
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He explains that he wants Elissa, but that he needs Carrie-Anne and cannot have both. Officer Weaver goes to Ryan's house to look for Elissa, but Ryan stabs him to death. Elissa frees herself and tries to escape in Ryan's car, but Ryan knocks her out with chloroform and traps her in his car trunk with Peggy's body. Sarah arrives and is also stabbed by Ryan.
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The taxi leaves without her and the lights soon shut down. Angela, guided by the light on her cell phone, wanders around the deserted parking lot. Thomas attacks her, drugs her with chloroform, and takes her to his office. Later, Angela awakens in a haze inside Thomas' office, having been changed into a white dress and high-heels by Thomas and her foot chained to the table.
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Thereafter, ether or chloroform started to be used. The Operating Theatre had closed down before antiseptic surgery was invented. The majority of cases were for amputations or superficial complaints as, without antiseptic conditions, it was too dangerous to do internal operations. A description of the students packing the theatre to witness an operation has been left by a St Thomas surgeon, John Flint South.
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The aqueous phase is always on top of the organic because, as mentioned above, phenol is denser than water. Nucleic acids are polar, and therefore stay in the aqueous phase, whereas non- polar cellular components move into the organic phase. After phenol has been added to the sample it is centrifuged and the aqueous and organic (“Phenol”) phases form. Phenol is often used in combination with chloroform.
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Azathioprine is a thiopurine linked to a second heterocycle (an imidazole derivative) via a thioether. It is a pale yellow solid with a slightly bitter taste and a melting point of 238–245°C. It is practically insoluble in water and only slightly soluble in lipophilic solvents such as chloroform, ethanol, and diethylether. It dissolves in alkaline aqueous solutions, where it hydrolyzes to 6-mercaptopurine.
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After she is sentenced to life in prison Sharon claims she is ill, going to a bathroom where Adam hid a duffel bag for her escape. She overcomes an officer with chloroform, and escapes through a window. Adam has given her a false identification, a passport and cash. She stops at a gas station, where she dyes her hair brunette and changes into a revealing outfit.
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A variety of firearms (along with ammunition) and explosives are available to choose from, with the choices available depending on the mission. Other weapons include chloroform, knives, a garrote, and poison. German equipment can also be chosen to avoid suspicion from enemy personnel when in disguise and/or to make use of ammunition taken from enemies's bodies. Several missions take place in Allied areas.
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The crude chloroform and methanol extracts of the stem bark of the plant show strong feeding deterrent activity against stored-product insect pest of maize Tribolium castaneum with the two compounds, methyl paraben and lupeol, being identified in these extracts. Other compounds in S. madagascariensis are (−)-maackiain, (−)-medicarpin, gypsogenin 3-O-rhamnosylglucuronide, (−)-homopterocarpin, pterocarpin, 4-methoxymedicarpin, 4-methoxymaackiain, 4-methoxyhomopterocarpin, 4-methoxypterocarpin, anhydrovariabilin and coumestrol dimethyl ether.
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It is known that by gamma irradiation of PCBs that they can be converted into biphenyl and inorganic chloride, this is formally a reduction of the organic compound as hydrogen is added. See the Polychlorinated biphenyl page for more details of this destruction method. This reductive destruction method works for many organochlorine compounds, for instance carbon tetrachloride when irradiated tends to form chloroform and chloride anions.
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Steve says that the man responsible is not evil for what he did, but that evil let it happen. Steve adds, “evil is whatever hurts you the most.” Steve challenges Karen to open the door so that she can see for herself and so he can see whatever it shows her. Before she can act, Steve renders Karen unconscious with chloroform and locks her in the basement.
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The formal naming of haloalkanes should follow IUPAC nomenclature, which put the halogen as a prefix to the alkane. For example, ethane with bromine becomes bromoethane, methane with four chlorine groups becomes tetrachloromethane. However, many of these compounds have already an established trivial name, which is endorsed by the IUPAC nomenclature, for example chloroform (trichloromethane) and methylene chloride (dichloromethane). But nowadays, IUPAC nomenclature is used.
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When a male customer enters and annoys the clerk, he puts chloroform in the sample bottle to knock him out if he comes in again. The male customer never returns, but several female customers end up knocking themselves out. When a pretty woman arrives, Fatty deliberately knocks her unconscious so he can kiss her. He knocks out his boss, who could be a witness, as well.
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One of his aunts fears the day when someone will chloroform her bedroom to get her belongs. By midnight of the particular night, everyone was in bed. At two in the morning, the narrator's own bed (an army cot) tipped over,unhurt,he sleeps on. The noise awoke his mother who thought that the wobbly headboard on the bed in the attic had fallen on the father.
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They mention the district attorney intended to charge her with the murder of her husband Hugo and Moira, but could not find the bodies. Larry enters the house and sees his daughters and wife. He apologizes to Lorraine and swears to get revenge on Constance, but she tells him that he broke their wedding vows, not Constance. Wearing the Rubber Man suit, Tate attacks Ben with chloroform.
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He suspects Elaine is dead and her body was burned. Toddy meets Dolores in Tijuana and she takes him to San Diego to see Alvarado. Later Alvarado reveals he intends to silence them all to conceal his operation and shows Toddy two coffins containing his dobermann and Dolores, both drugged with chloroform. A struggle ensues, shots are fired, and the dobermann wakes up and kills Alvarado.
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Retrieved 11 January 2018. Sir James Young Simpson, 1st Baronet, FRCPE (7 June 1811 – 6 May 1870) was a Scottish obstetrician and a significant figure in the history of medicine. He was the first physician to demonstrate the anaesthetic properties of chloroform on humans and helped to popularise its use in medicine. Simpson's intellectual interests ranged from archaeology to an almost taboo subject at the time: hermaphroditism.
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Although Snow's chemical and microscope examination of a water sample from the Broad Street pump did not conclusively prove its danger, his studies of the pattern of the disease were convincing enough to persuade the local council to disable the well pump by removing its handle.Vinten-Johansen, Peter, et al. (2003). Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine: A Life of John Snow. Oxford University Press.
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Potassium tert- butoxide reacts with chloroform yielding dichlorocarbene, the reaction can result in ignition. Potassium tert-butoxide should never be added to dichloromethane. As a base, potassium tert-butoxide can extract a beta-proton and form the Hofmann product via an elimination reaction. This reaction has a high synthetic value as it can set up further reactions of the resultant alkene, especially regiochemical reactions.
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Carbethopendecinium bromide is a quaternary ammonium compound used as antiseptic and disinfectant. It is white to yellowish crystalline powder. It is well soluble in water, ethanol and chloroform; its water solutions foam strongly if shaken.Český lékopis 1997 - Carbethopendecinii bromidum Carbethopendecinium bromide is the active substance in antiseptic and disinfecting products prepared in the Czech Republic under the trademarks Septonex (also Ophtalmo-Septonex, Mukoseptonex etc.) and Otipur.
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His only other work is "Remarks on the Application of Chloroform to Surgical purposes", Dublin, 1851, and both are without permanent value. He married a Miss Radcliff, and had seven children, of whom a son and a daughter survived him. He retired from practice a few years before his death, and went to live at Donnybrook, near Dublin, where he died 30 December 1880.
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"Chloroform" is a song written and performed by Phoenix, issued as the first promotional single from the band's fifth studio album Bankrupt!. The official remix of the song features noise pop band Sleigh Bells. On 30 April 2013, the band performed the song on Late Show with David Letterman during the Live on Letterman webcast that also featured performances of several of their other songs.
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Grinkevich, p. 132 Plants are thoroughly ground before extraction.Grinkevich, p. 5 Most alkaloids are present in the raw plants in the form of salts of organic acids. The extracted alkaloids may remain salts or change into bases. Base extraction is achieved by processing the raw material with alkaline solutions and extracting the alkaloid bases with organic solvents, such as 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, diethyl ether or benzene.
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RNA extraction is the purification of RNA from biological samples. This procedure is complicated by the ubiquitous presence of ribonuclease enzymes in cells and tissues, which can rapidly degrade RNA. Several methods are used in molecular biology to isolate RNA from samples, the most common of these is guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. The filter paper based lysis and elution method features high throughput capacity.
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Dinitrogen pentoxide, for example as a solution in chloroform, has been used as a reagent to introduce the NO2 functionality in organic compounds. This nitration reaction is represented as follows: :N2O5 \+ Ar–H → HNO3 \+ Ar–NO2 where Ar represents an arene moiety.Jan M. Bakke and Ingrd Hegbom (1994): "Dinitrogen pentoxide-sulfur dioxide, a new nitration system". Acta chemica scandinavica, volume 48, issue 2, pages 181-182.
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Hypnosis was used by field doctors in the American Civil War and was one of the first extensive medical application of hypnosis. Although hypnosis seemed effective in the field, with the introduction of the hypodermic needle and the general chemical anesthetics of ether in 1846 and chloroform in 1847 to America, it was much easier for the war's medical community to use chemical anesthesia than hypnosis.
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As it is only effective for primary amines, the carbylamine reaction can be used as a chemical test for their presence. In this context, the reaction is also known as Saytzeff's isocyanide test.Carbylamine reaction In this reaction, the analyte is heated with alcoholic potassium hydroxide and chloroform. If a primary amine is present, the isocyanide (carbylamine) is formed, as indicated by a foul odour.
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He leaves an ominous message on her answering machine, before returning to his family's home to show it to prospective buyers, only to announce that it is not for sale. Back in Maddy's apartment, she kicks Buddy and his jazz band out for keeping her awake. As she is cleaning up, the doorbell rings. When she answers the door, Kinsky incapacitates her with a chloroform-soaked rag.
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Nonionic detergents are produced by alkylation of phenol to give the alkylphenols, e.g., nonylphenol, which are then subjected to ethoxylation. Phenol is also a versatile precursor to a large collection of drugs, most notably aspirin but also many herbicides and pharmaceutical drugs. Phenol is a component in liquid–liquid phenol–chloroform extraction technique used in molecular biology for obtaining nucleic acids from tissues or cell culture samples.
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The police arrest Dick when he's found running away, claiming that he only arrived after the attack to find Jill dead. The following night, the killer attacks and kills Gloria in the locker room in the same manner. At George's hotel room, Candice lets herself in and finds a hairpin and bottle of chloroform in his drawer. Candice rushes out to her car and drives away.
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Francis Brodie Imlach c.1860 (ink sketch) 48 Queen Street, Edinburgh, the offices of Francis Brodie Imlach The grave of Francis Brodie Imlach, Dean Cemetery Francis Brodie Imlach FRCSEd (1819-1891) was a Scottish pioneer of modern dentistry, and the first person to use chloroform on a dental patient. He helped to raise the profile of dentistry from a back street trade to full professional status.
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During the Royal Rumble 1993, Undertaker, who had now been feuding with Harvey Wippleman, began engaging in matches with the wrestlers managed by Wippleman. During the Royal Rumble, Wippleman introduced the Giant Gonzales, who would illegally enter the match to eliminate the Undertaker. This would set up a match at WrestleMania. Giant González was disqualified when he covered The Undertaker's face with a cloth covered in chloroform.
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Molybdocene dihydride is the organomolybdenum compound with the formula (η5-C5H5)2MoH2. Commonly abbreviated as Cp2MoH2, it is a yellow air--sensitive solid that dissolves in some organic solvents. The compound is prepared by combining molybdenum pentachloride, sodium cyclopentadienide, and sodium borohydride. The dihydride converts to molybdocene dichloride upon treatment with chloroform: The compound adopts a "clamshell" structure where the Cp rings are not parallel.
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The study also found deep divergences and fast evolution rates in the genus, which is to be expected under Red Queen dynamics.Smith D.S., H. Rocheleau, J.T. Chapados, C. Abbott, S. Ribero, S.A. Redhead, C. Andre Levesque, & S.H. De Boer. 2014. Phylogeny of the genus Synchytrium and the development of a real-time TaqMan PCR assay for sensitive detection of Synchytrium endobioticum sporangia in chloroform. Phytopathology.
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The thermolysis of chlorodifluomethane between 600 and 800 °C gives 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene (TFE). The required is generated by fluorination of chloroform. : : TFE, tetrafluoroethylene , is also produced by dehalogenation of bromofluoro-, or iodofluoroalkanes with zinc and alcohol, by dehydrohalogenation of hydrogen-containing haloalkenes with alcoholic alkali, or by heating.William X. Bajzer "Fluorine Compounds, Organic," Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2004.
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When it also threatens Eve, Mort doses her with chloroform for her sacrifice. That night, Bobby, the realtor's son, discovers Eve and hides her in the closet to save her life. His mom gets confused before the sacrifice as the punkers look for Eve and take her from Billy. Maggot brings Officer Seligman to the house as Jonah refuses to sacrifice Eve, even with Mort ordering him.
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Bu4NOH is a strong base that is used often under phase-transfer conditions to effect alkylations and deprotonations. Typical reactions include benzylation of amines and generation of dichlorocarbene from chloroform. Bu4NOH can be neutralized with a variety of mineral acids to give lipophilic salts of the conjugate base. For example, treatment of Bu4NOH with disodium pyrophosphate, Na2H2P2O7, gives (Bu4N)3[HP2O7], which is soluble in organic solvents.
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Liquid–liquid extraction or solvent extraction can be used to isolate YTXs from the sample medium. Methanol is normally the solvent of choice, but other solvents can also be used including acetone and chloroform. The drawback of using the solvent extraction method is the levels of analyte recovery can be poor, so any results obtained from the quantification processes may not be representative of the sample.
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Soil contaminants taken at the site include dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, benzene, butane, chloroform, ethylbenzene, methane, methyl ethyl ketone, pentane, and toluene. Many of these chemicals are highly toxic carcinogens which are known to cause cancer. No air testing has been conducted. Now that the landfill cap and leachate collection have been completed, there are no threats of contamination due to surface contact.
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In 2014, she created, hosted and directed Albania I love You, a TV show, which through portraits of prominent figures examines the evolution of traditional Albanian rites and customs during its period of political transition years, both in Albania itself and internationally. After serving as an external advisor to the Albanian Foreign Affairs Ministry in 2012, in 2015 Buda founded the New York Albanian Cultural Diplomacy Corporation with a view to promoting Albanian culture in the United States. Chloroform novel:« Set in Communist Albania brutal regime, the novel provides a compelling insight into the regime’s production and reproduction of a new type of human being. It focuses on the oppressive system’s efforts to establish a new kind of society, run by the fear. » M. Gueguen, Le courrier Des Balkans, Paris, France. « Chloroform, is marked by identity questions and exploration of the role of free individuals in totalitarian systems.
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Greenhow and Snow both advocated for the usage of chloroform when performing major surgery and undertook "dedicated research" to end the London cholera pandemic. Greenhow's son, surgeon Henry Martineau Greenhow, reported in The Lancet his father's surgical success involving chloroform. Greenhow and his nephew, physician Edward Headlam Greenhow, undertook much research into medical hygiene and public health, publishing papers throughout the 1850s warning of further impending cholera pandemics. (The archives of King's College, London hold an 1866 letter from E. H. Greenhow concerning the 1849 cholera breakout in Manchester, with which both men were greatly involved.) The Lancet records that at a meeting in 1855 of the Epidemiological Society of London, Snow responded to a paper being read out by E. Headlam Greenhow in which the research of his uncle, Dr Thomas Michael Greenhow, concerning the 1831–32 cholera epidemic in Tynemouth was outlined.
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The first fatality directly attributed to chloroform administration was recorded on 28 January 1848 after the death of Hannah Greener. This was the first of many deaths to follow from the untrained handling of chloroform. Surgeons began to appreciate the need for a trained anesthetist. The need, as Thatcher writes, was for an anesthetist to “(1)Be satisfied with the subordinate role that the work would require, (2) Make anesthesia their one absorbing interest, (3) not look at the situation of anesthetist as one that put them in a position to watch and learn from the surgeons technique (4) accept the comparatively low pay and (5) have the natural aptitude and intelligence to develop a high level of skill in providing the smooth anesthesia and relaxation that the surgeon demanded” These qualities of an anesthetist were often found in submissive medical students and even members of the public.
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Carbon tetrachloride was originally synthesized by the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault in 1839 by the reaction of chloroform with chlorine,V. Regnault (1839) "Sur les chlorures de carbone CCl et CCl2" (On the chlorides of carbon CCl and CCl2 ), Annales de Chimie et de Physique, vol. 70, pages 104-107. Reprinted in German as: but now it is mainly produced from methane: :CH4 \+ 4 Cl2 → CCl4 \+ 4 HCl The production often utilizes by-products of other chlorination reactions, such as from the syntheses of dichloromethane and chloroform. Higher chlorocarbons are also subjected to "chlorinolysis": :C2Cl6 \+ Cl2 → 2 CCl4 Prior to the 1950s, carbon tetrachloride was manufactured by the chlorination of carbon disulfide at 105 to 130 °C: :CS2 \+ 3Cl2 → CCl4 \+ S2Cl2 The production of carbon tetrachloride has steeply declined since the 1980s due to environmental concerns and the decreased demand for CFCs, which were derived from carbon tetrachloride.
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Crawford Long (1815–1878) James Young Simpson (1811–1870) John Snow (1813–1858) Modern pain control through anesthesia was discovered in the mid-19th century. Before the advent of anesthesia, surgery was a traumatically painful procedure and surgeons were encouraged to be as swift as possible to minimize patient suffering. This also meant that operations were largely restricted to amputations and external growth removals. Beginning in the 1840s, surgery began to change dramatically in character with the discovery of effective and practical anaesthetic chemicals such as ether, first used by the American surgeon Crawford Long (1815–1878), and chloroform, discovered by James Young Simpson (1811–1870) and later pioneered in England by John Snow (1813–1858), physician to Queen Victoria, who in 1853 administered chloroform to her during childbirth, and in 1854 disproved the miasma theory of contagion by tracing a cholera outbreak in London to an infected water pump.
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Pepstatin is practically insoluble in water, chloroform, ether, and benzene, however it can be dissolved in methanol, ethanol, and DMSO with acetic acid,The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (14th Edition - Version 14.4), Monograph 07147, to between 1 and 5 mg/ml. Structure of pepstatin in the binding pocket of pepsin. Hydrogen bonds between binding pocket residues and pepstatin are highlighted. Rendered from PDB 1PSO.
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Hexachlorophene, also known as Nabac, is an organochlorine compound that was once widely used as a disinfectant. The compound occurs as a white odorless solid, although commercial samples can be off-white and possess a slightly phenolic odor. It is insoluble in water but dissolves in acetone, ethanol, diethyl ether, and chloroform. In medicine, hexachlorophene is useful as a topical anti-infective, anti-bacterial agent, often used in soaps and toothpaste.
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The Undertaker backdropped out of a piledriver attempt on the steel steps and executed a Tombstone Piledriver on the steel steps, causing JBL to bleed. The Undertaker chokeslammed JBL through a broadcast table. The Undertaker carried JBL to the hearse but Jon Heidenreich came out of the hearse and covered his mouth with a soaked rag filled with chloroform. Heidenreich placed the Undertaker into the hearse and drove off.
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Liquid killing agent is then added until the absorbent material is nearly saturated. A piece of stiff paper or cardboard cut to fit the inside of the jar tightly is then pressed in. A diagram of a killing jar, with potassium cyanide at the bottom covered by plaster of Paris The most common killing agents are ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate has many advantages and is very widely used.
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The cargo terminal has a total storage area of 1,000,000 m2 and specializes in the handling of wide cargo that ranges from metal products, ore, chemical products (chloroform, asphalt, chemicals, mineral oils), general cargoes, timber, bulk cargoes and food products. The terminal also serves as a major transshipment hub in the Aegean — Black Sea area being used by other Balkan countries such as Serbia, North Macedonia, Albania and Montenegro.
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Owing to the distinctive taste of alcohol, it was necessary for the control mixture to be able to disguise the taste. The mixture used was one containing capsicum, cardamoms, chloroform and peppermint. This was the first experiment of its kind to use this double-blind procedure. As a result of the importance attached to the study, Rivers was appointed in 1906 as Croonian Lecturer to the Royal College of Physicians.
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Freddie is a lonely, socially- awkward young man who purchases a farmhouse with winnings he has earned from the football pools. An amateur entomologist, he spends his time capturing butterflies, of which he has a large collection. Frederick begins stalking a bourgeois London art student named Miranda Grey. One day, Frederick follows Miranda into a pub in Hampstead before abducting her on the street, incapacitating her with chloroform.
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As a reagent, chloroform serves as a source of the dichlorocarbene :CCl2 group. It reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide usually in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst to produce dichlorocarbene, :CCl2. This reagent effects ortho-formylation of activated aromatic rings such as phenols, producing aryl aldehydes in a reaction known as the Reimer–Tiemann reaction. Alternatively, the carbene can be trapped by an alkene to form a cyclopropane derivative.
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Iodobenzene dichloride is not stable, and is not commonly available commercially. It is prepared by passing chlorine gas through a solution of iodobenzene in chloroform, from which it precipitates. The same reaction has been reported at pilot plant scale (20 kg) as well. :Ph-I + Cl2 → PhICl2 An alternate preparation involving the use of chlorine generated in situ by the action of sodium hypochlorite on hydrochloric acid has also been described.
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It can coordinate as a ligand to metal atoms. The structure shown is a composite of seven resonance contributors in which each carbon atom carries part of the positive charge. In 1891 G. Merling obtained a water-soluble bromine containing compound from a reaction of cycloheptatriene and bromine. Unlike most hydrocarbyl bromides, this compound, later named tropylium bromide, is a water-soluble solid and is insoluble in hydrocarbons, chloroform, and ether.
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The resistance decides against saving the Jews from Van Gein, weighing the lives of Jews against imprisoned Dutchmen. Others in the group decide to kidnap the traitor, but their plan fails because the chloroform they use expired in 1941. Van Gein overpowers his kidnappers, who are forced to kill him. "Ellis" returns to Muntze, but finds the German convinced that she is Jewish and a mole for the resistance.
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Isopropyl alcohol is miscible in water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform. It dissolves ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, many oils, alkaloids, gums and natural resins. Unlike ethanol or methanol, isopropyl alcohol is not miscible with salt solutions and can be separated from aqueous solutions by adding a salt such as sodium chloride. The process is colloquially called salting out, and causes concentrated isopropyl alcohol to separate into a distinct layer.
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On this occasion, Dahmer intended to prolong the time he spent with Lacy while alive. After unsuccessfully attempting to render Lacy unconscious with chloroform, he phoned his workplace to request a day's absence; this was granted, although the next day, he was suspended. After strangling Lacy, Dahmer had sex with the corpse before dismembering him. He placed Lacy's head and heart in the refrigerator and his skeleton in the freezer.
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Watson-Schwartz test is a screening test for diagnosing intermittent porphyria, although it might also become positive in porphyria cutanea tarda (a skin form of porphyria). In this method, porphobilinogen is detected by a color reaction with Ehrlich reagent and confirming that the color is not removed by chloroform. As the test is just a screening test, it usually is confirmed by a more specific test such as .
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Just like Flint Jacksonville had a water crisis and found 23 different chemicals in their water supply. It was so bad that Jacksonville was labeled top 10 in worst water in the nation. They stood at number 10 because of the 23 different chemicals. The chemicals that were most found in the water in high volumes were trihalomethanes, which is made up of four different cleaning by products such as chloroform.
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Itaconic anhydride is a colourless, crystalline solid which dissolves in many polar organic solvents and hydrolyzes with water forming itaconic acid. The substance is recommended to be stored in a dry and inert atmosphere. At temperatures above its melting point, itaconic anhydride is converted to citraconic anhydride. Even at significantly lower temperatures, such as in boiling chloroform, this isomerization can take place in the presence of tertiary amines.
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The methanol solution was then filtered off and the wax was dissolved with chloroform, freeing the newly made Janus particles. Liu et al. reported the synthesis of acorn- and mushroom- shaped silica–aminopropyl–trimethoxysilane Janus nanoparticles using the hybrid liquid–liquid/liquid–solid method developed by Granick et al. They exposed homogenous aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane functionalized silica nanoparticles embedded in wax to an ammonium fluoride solution, which etched away the exposed surface.
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Benzocaine is the ethyl ester of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). It can be prepared from PABA and ethanol by Fischer esterification or via the reduction of ethyl p-nitrobenzoate. Benzocaine is sparingly soluble in water; it is more soluble in dilute acids and very soluble in ethanol, chloroform, and ethyl ether. The melting point of benzocaine is 88–90 °C, and the boiling point is about 310 °C.
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Toddy revives Dolores from the chloroform and they share an intimate moment just as the police arrive. Toddy is arrested and Dolores is released because she has a student visa and no criminal record. In police custody Toddy has concluded that Milt is Alvarado's gold supplier and convinces treasury agent McKinley to release him to track Milt down. Toddy goes to Milt's shop and accuses him of the whole plot.
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The chemical name for taurolidine is 4,4'-Methylene- bis(1,2,4-thiadiazinane)-1,1,1’,1'-tetraoxide. It is a white to off white odourless crystalline powder. It is practically insoluble in chloroform, slightly soluble in boiling acetone, ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate, sparingly soluble in water 8 at 20° and ethyl alcohol, soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, and dilute sodium hydroxide, and freely soluble in N,N-dimethylformamide (at 60 °C).
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Atcheson was placed under > chloroform, and Dr. Bowker cut into the wound and removed the bullet with > ease. The patient, said the doctors present, is necessarily subject to the > usual dangers arising from surgery, but as an operation, success was > complete and emphatic. Those who witnessed the removal were Drs. McCormick, > Goode, Chisholm, Binnie (medical superintendent of Sydney Hospital) and > others, including the resident medical staff of the institution.
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PSCl3 is soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and carbon disulfide. However, it hydrolyzes rapidly in basic or hydroxylic solutions, such as alcohols and amines, to produce thiophosphates. In water PSCl3 reacts, and contingent on the reaction conditions, produces either phosphoric acid, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrochloric acid or dichlorothiophosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.Fee, D. C.; Gard, D. R.; Yang, C. “Phosphorus Compounds” Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.
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This means that DADP is more prone to sublimation than TATP. Several methods can be used for trace analysis of TATP, including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS), and HPLC with post-column derivitization. Acetone peroxide is soluble in toluene, chloroform, acetone, dichloromethane and methanol. Recrystalization of primary explosives may yield large crystals that detonate spontaneously due to internal strain.
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They have the highest vapor pressure in their regions. The other nodes are saddles (the ternary azeotrope, the pure acetone and the pure chloroform). The border lines in this system connect the ternary azeotrope (saddle) with the two stable nodes and the two unstable nodes. The residue curves are always moving away from an unstable node to a saddle but never reaches that because they then turn to a stable node.
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He learned modern techniques of antisepsis and the application of chloroform as an anesthetic during surgeries . Back in Peru in 1872, he was the first individual to carry out major surgical operations, including an ovariotomy , the details of which he published in the journal La Gaceta Médica in 1878 . In 1876 he was elected senator from the department of Huancavelica to the Congress of the Republic of Peru .
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In 1929, Danish scientist Henrik Dam investigated the role of cholesterol by feeding chickens a cholesterol-depleted diet. He initially replicated experiments reported by scientists at the Ontario Agricultural College. McFarlane, Graham and Richardson, working on the chick feed program at OAC, had used chloroform to remove all fat from chick chow. They noticed that chicks fed only fat-depleted chow developed hemorrhages and started bleeding from tag sites.
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On Broadway, he performed in ""Don Juan (1921) and La Belle Paree / Bow-Sing / Tortajada (1911). He died on March 7, 1926 in Los Angeles, California by committing suicide in his apartment using chloroform and gas. According to the Oakland Tribune, Frank was involved in narcotic investigations surrounding the death of Wallace Reid, and killed himself to avoid charges. In 1922, in response to allegations, Frank denied knowing Wallace Reid.
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Dexpanthenol Panthenol is an odourless, slightly bitter, highly viscous, transparent and colourless liquid at room temperature, but salts of pantothenic acid (for example sodium pantothenate) are powders (typically white). It is easily soluble in water and alcohol, moderately soluble in diethyl ether, soluble in chloroform (1:100), in propylene glycol, and slightly soluble in glycerin. Panthenol's expanded chemical formula is HO–CH2–C(CH3)2–CH(OH)–CONH–CH2CH2CH2–OH.
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Talabot ran for election as Representative of Basses- Alpes in the National Assembly by-election of 2 July 1871. He lost to Prosper Allemand, who won 14,212 votes against 7,412 for Talabot and 3,755 for Arthur Picard. A fall fractured his kneecap, and an overdose of the chloroform he used to treat the pain made him blind. He retired from the PLM in 1882, accepting the title of Honorary Director General.
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Dextromethorphan is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of levomethorphan, which is the methyl ether of levorphanol, both opioid analgesics. It is named according to IUPAC rules as (+)-3-methoxy-17-methyl-9α,13α,14α-morphinan. As its pure form, dextromethorphan occurs as an odorless, opalescent white powder. It is freely soluble in chloroform and insoluble in water; the hydrobromide salt is water-soluble up to 1.5 g/100 mL at 25 °C.
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Under in vitro conditions virions are inactivated in acid environment of pH 4.5–7; stable in alkaline environment of pH 7–10.5. Virions are not stable at raised temperature in presence of high concentration of Mg++. Virions are sensitive to treatment with trypsin (in some strains, not sensitive to treatment with mild detergents, or ether, or chloroform. The infectivity is enhanced after treatment with trypsin (in some strains).
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The next day Ramdas and Vijayan go to Isaac's house. Vijayan dresses up and acts as a servant named Thankappan in front of Isaac, hoping to take his blood. But Issac does not allows him anywhere near the house. So Ramdas advises him to get employment in another house as servant and in the night to sneak and take the blood of Isaac after knocking him out with chloroform.
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A.B.C. Liniment was a patent medicine liniment sold between approximately 1880 to 1935 as a topical pain relieving agent. It was sold for relief of pain caused by various ailments, including lumbago (lower back pain), sciatica, neuralgia, rheumatism, and stiffness after exercise. It was named for its three primary ingredients, aconite, belladonna, and chloroform. There were numerous examples of poisoning from the mixture, resulting in at least one death.
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Miklós Nyiszli, a prisoner at Auschwitz, recalled one occasion where Mengele personally killed fourteen twins in one night through a chloroform injection to the heart. If one twin died of disease, Mengele killed the other so that comparative reports could be prepared after their deaths. He was known for experimenting with eyes. One of his particular studies regarded heterochromia iridum, a condition where people's eyes are differently colored.
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She tells Lizzy that something is after her, and that it wants her unborn child. Lizzy renders Emma unconscious with chloroform, and Emma slaps her in the face during the struggle. Throughout her pregnancy, Emma continues to confide to Lizzy that she senses a supernatural presence that she cannot explain, but Lizzy disregards her. Emma tells Lizzy she plans to name the child after either her or Isaac.
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She speaks with Rafe who talks Steve down. Mary's skills seem to be improving though as she takes a correct BP. Sam gathers her courage and finally goes to see Steve. She starts to treat his wound, not noticing Mary in the other room knocking out the officer looking after Rafe with a chloroform-soaked rag. While Sam chats with Steve, Mary unlocks Rafe and the prisoner dresses up in the officer's clothes.
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Born in Glasgow, Cream was raised outside Quebec City, after his family moved there in 1854. He attended McGill University in Montreal and graduated with an MDCM degree in 1876 (his thesis topic was chloroform). He then went for post-graduate training at St Thomas's Hospital Medical School in London, and in 1878 obtained additional qualifications as a physician and surgeon in Edinburgh. He then returned to Canada to practise in London, Ontario.
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These experiments showed that anesthetics cause narcosis of the motor organs, which was observed by the application of volatile ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, formaldehyde, and other substances. In 2018, two research groups from the Universities of Palermo (Italy) and Lugano (Switzerland) demonstrated the feasibility of using such plant as a building block for creating plant-based controllable two-color displays, exploiting air jets instead of electrical or touch-based stimulation.
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The dog was then handed to a student, Henry Dale, a future Nobel laureate, who removed the dog's pancreas, then killed him with a knife through the heart. This became a point of embarrassment during the libel trial, when Bayliss's laboratory assistant, Charles Scuttle, testified that the dog had been killed with chloroform or the ACE mixture. After Scuttle's testimony, Dale told the court that he had, in fact, used a knife.
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Worldwide production of R-22 in 2008 was about 800Gg per year, up from about 450Gg per year in 1998, with most production in developing countries. R-22 use is increasing in developing countries, largely for air conditioning applications. Air conditioning sales are growing 20% annually in India and China. R-22 is prepared from chloroform: :HCCl3 \+ 2 HF → HCF2Cl + 2 HCl An important application of R-22 is as a precursor to tetrafluoroethylene.
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Titanium ethoxide is prepared by treating titanium tetrachloride with ethanol in the presence of an amine: :TiCl4 \+ 4 EtOH + 4 Et3N → Ti(OEt)4 \+ 4 Et3NHCl The purity of titanium ethoxide is commonly assayed by proton NMR spectroscopy. Ti(OEt)4 1H NMR (90 MHz, chloroform-d, ppm): 4.36 (quartet, 8H, CH2), 1.27 (triplet, 12H, CH3).Integrated Spectral Database System of Organic Compounds, version 2011. AIST: Japan, 2011 (accessed October 3rd, 2011).
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Using this method, DNA fragments can be recovered from a particular region of agarose or polyacrylamide gels. The gel piece containing the fragment is excised (cut out from the whole gel) and placed in a dialysis bag with buffer. Electrophoresis causes the DNA to migrate out of the gel into the dialysis bag buffer. The DNA fragments are recovered from this buffer and purified, using phenol/chloroform extraction followed by ethanol precipitation.
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The analgesic properties of the plant seem to be related to its effect on prostaglandin synthesis. It may have potential as a broad spectrum antibiotic, as demonstrated in tests against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Chloroform extracts from dried leaves of P. pellucida have been shown to exhibit antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes in vitro. Anti-inflammatory activity (in paw edema) and analgesic activity has been demonstrated in rats and mice.
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Memorial to Sir William Wilde and his wife located in Mount Jerome Cemetery, Dublin Wilde's reputation suffered when Mary Travers, a long-term patient of his and the daughter of a colleague, claimed that he had seduced her two years earlier.Fryer, Jonathan (2005) Wilde. Haus Publishing. She wrote a pamphlet crudely parodying Wilde and Lady Wilde as Dr and Mrs Quilp, and portraying Dr Quilp as the rapist of a female patient anaesthetised under chloroform.
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PMMA can be joined using cyanoacrylate cement (commonly known as superglue), with heat (welding), or by using chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane or trichloromethane"Working with Plexiglas" . science-projects.com. (chloroform) to dissolve the plastic at the joint, which then fuses and sets, forming an almost invisible weld. Scratches may easily be removed by polishing or by heating the surface of the material. Laser cutting may be used to form intricate designs from PMMA sheets.
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Performic acid is a colorless liquid soluble in water, alcohols, ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents. Its strong oxidizing properties are used for cleaving disulfide bonds in protein mapping, as well as for epoxidation, hydroxylation and oxidation reactions in organic synthesis.Pradyot Patnaik A comprehensive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical substances, Wiley-Interscience, 2007, , p. 128 In the medical and food industries, performic acid is commonly used to disinfect equipment.
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In terms of scale, the most important reaction of chloroform is with hydrogen fluoride to give monochlorodifluoromethane (CFC-22), a precursor in the production of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon): :CHCl3 \+ 2 HF → CHClF2 \+ 2 HCl The reaction is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of mixed antimony halides. Chlorodifluoromethane is then converted into tetrafluoroethylene, the main precursor to Teflon. Before the Montreal Protocol, chlorodifluoromethane (designated as R-22) was also a popular refrigerant.
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Chloroform is suspected of causing cancer (i.e., possibly carcinogenic, IARC Group 2B) as per the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs. [PDF] It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities that produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.
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The Undertaker faced Giant González at WrestleMania IX; González was disqualified after attacking The Undertaker with a chloroform-soaked rag provided by Wippleman. Wippleman and González recruited Mr. Hughes, and the three men attacked The Undertaker and Paul Bearer. They stole The Undertaker's urn, which was said to be the source of his power. The feud culminated in a Rest in Peace match at SummerSlam 1993, which The Undertaker won to end the feud.
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Air quality criteria, national primary and secondary ambient air quality standards, state implementation plans and performance standards for new stationary sources are covered in Part A as well. The list of hazardous air pollutants that the act includes compounds of acetaldehyde, benzene, chloroform, Phenol, and selenium. The list also includes mineral fiber emissions from manufacturing or processing glass, rock or slag fibers as well as radioactive atoms. The list can periodically be modified.
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FAIRE-seq differs more from MNase-seq than does DNase-seq. FAIRE-seq was developed in 2007 and combined with Next-Generation sequencing three years later to study DHSs. FAIRE-seq relies on the use of formaldehyde to crosslink target proteins with DNA and then subsequent sonication and phenol-chloroform extraction to separate non-crosslinked DNA and crosslinked DNA. The non-crosslinked DNA is sequenced and analyzed, allowing for direct observation of open chromatin.
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As with DNase-seq and MNase-seq, a successful single-cell version of ATAC-seq has also been developed. ATAC-seq has several advantages over MNase-seq in assessing chromatin accessibility. ATAC-seq does not rely on the variable digestion of the micrococcal nuclease, nor crosslinking or phenol-chloroform extraction. It generally maintains chromatin structure, so results from ATAC-seq can be used to directly assess chromatin accessibility, rather than indirectly via MNase-seq.
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The action at Emerson now includes someone attempting to harm Nancy by releasing a heavy curtain after luring her to a deserted theater stage. Nancy is also waylaid at the airport while going there to find her namesake. The teen sleuth is lured into the wash room by a young woman who tells Nancy someone is sick. Once inside, the woman grabs Nancy and holds a chloroform-soaked cloth over Nancy's nose and mouth.
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Research and operations began during 1978 to 1983 in Adrigole, located a few kilometres from Mace Head. However, this was shut down and the operations officially moved to the Mace Head site in 1987. It was from 1987 that measurements of chloroform, methane and trichloro trifluoroethane began, and in 1995 carbon monoxide and hydrogen began. In October of 1994 the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network installed their first automated gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.
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On the night of 19 July 1998, at least five men broke into Kearney's eighth-floor flat in the New Lodge area of Belfast. He was up late minding his two-week-old daughter, Caitlin Rose, who was asleep on his chest. The men put Caitlin and her mother, Lisa, into a bedroom and disabled the telephone. They overpowered Kearney, allegedly with the help of chloroform, and tied his hands behind his back.
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The rest of the crew, including Blackborow, resigned themselves to waiting on Elephant Island. Almost to a man they were in poor health and spirits. Blackborow had contracted gangrene due to his frostbite, and was surgeon Alexander Macklin's greatest medical concern. On 15 June, with Shackleton and the James Caird crew having been away for a month, Macklin, assisted by James McIlroy, carried out an amputation of Blackborow's left foot, using chloroform for anesthesia.
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Furdoonji was an influential voice at the First and Second Hyderabad Chloroform Commissions held in 1888 and 1891 respectively. In 1909, Furdoonji went to Edinburgh, Scotland to gain more experience and knowledge in anesthetics. There, she obtained diplomas in Physics and Chemistry from The University of Edinburgh since no specialized course emphasized anesthetics. She chose to study Physics and Chemistry because the knowledge of these subjects was found useful for the doctors who handled anesthetics.
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Laurence King Publishing. pp. 52-53. In 1847, Keith took part in an experiment with James Young Simpson and colleagues which demonstrated the use of chloroform upon humans as an anaesthetic. Keith practiced medicine successfully in Edinburgh until 1880 but later became disillusioned with the medical community and embraced simple living. He was not fond of drugs, instead he proscribed little food, fresh air, plenty of hot water and rest to his patients.
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The Bargellini reaction is a chemical reaction discovered in 1906 by Italian chemist Guido Bargellini. The original reaction was a mixture of the reagents phenol, chloroform, and acetone in the presence of a sodium hydroxide solution. Prior to Bargellini's research, the product attributed to this multi-component reaction (MCR) had been described as a phenol derivative in chemistry texts at the time. However, Bargellini demonstrated that a carboxylic acid derivative was actually the correct structure.
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The wastewater regulations in the CR apply to mills that combine chlorine bleaching with kraft chemical pulping and aim to reduce dioxins, furan, and chloroform discharges by 96%, 96%, and 99%, respectively. EPA added numeric effluent limitations for 12 chlorinated phenolic pollutants and adsorbable organic halides (AOX). The regulation also requires the industry to implement best management practices, such as process control monitoring. All air emissions in the U.S. are regulated at the federal level.
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Dell sneaks into Eve's trailer and attempts to chloroform her, but she wakes up, beats him, and throws him out. The next day, the women and Jimmy congregate to comfort Eve and determine an appropriate punishment for Dell. Ethel says she will kill him as she knows what he's capable of, but Jimmy doesn't support this. Jimmy is given a chance to run Dell out of town otherwise Ethel will deal with him herself.
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She would mumble in a state of delirium, frequently uttering "Blanche" (the name of one of her sisters); this resulted in "Blanche" becoming her nickname. In 1878, Charcot began treating patients including Wittman with hypnosis. She was also treated with ether, chloroform, and amyl nitrite with some success, though she soon showed tolerance with ether. Static electricity from a Ramsden machine was used in 1879 to restore feeling to the right side of her body.
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Francisco Ortega, diagnosed with phthisis pulmonalis, wanted to look for a cure, and he was supported by Agustina Rodríguez, who suggested to consult Francisco Leona. Leona suggested the ingestion of the human blood and mantecas. While Julio Hernández el Tonto distracted him, Leona covered the mouth of Bernardo Gonzalez Parra with a handkerchief bathed on chloroform. After that both of them introduced Bernardo to a gunny sack to move him to a cortijo.
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Extracted egg oil In alchemy, the oil was traditionally extracted from the yolk by a fairly simple process, by which fifty eggs yielded approximately five ounces of oil. Modern methods of production include liquid–liquid extraction using common solvents such as hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol. Unlike traditional egg oil produced by heat, solvent extracted product also contains immunoglobulins which are destroyed at higher temperatures. There are only a few commercial producers globally.
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The vapor will consist of 97.0% chloroform and 3.0% water regardless of how much of each liquid layer is present provided both layers are indeed present. If the vapor is re-condensed, the layers will reform in the condensate, and will do so in a fixed ratio, which in this case is 4.4% of the volume in the top layer and 95.6% in the bottom layer.CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed., p. 2156.
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Cholestane isomers elute at different times in GC/MS/MS experiments in the m/z 372→217 fragment. Figure adapted from Bobrovskiy et al.Cholestane can be extracted from samples and measured on the GC/MS to quantify relative abundance to other organic compounds. This measurement is done by extraction of the steranes into a non-polar solvent (e.g., dichloromethane or chloroform) and purified into a “saturates” fraction using silica gel column gas chromatography.
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Gold nanoparticles capped with organic ligands, such as alkanethiol molecules, can self-assemble into large monolayers (>cm^{2}). The particles are first prepared in organic solvent, such as chloroform or toluene, and are then spread into monolayers either on a liquid surface or on a solid substrate. Such interfacial thin films of nanoparticles have close relationship with Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers made from surfactants. The mechanical properties of nanoparticle monolayers have been studied extensively.
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The single cover is a photograph of Terence Stamp, taken on the set of the film The Collector. Originally Stamp denied permission for the still to be used, and some pressings featured Morrissey in a re-enacted scene. In the re- enactment, Morrissey is holding a glass of milk, as opposed to a chloroform pad in the original. However, Stamp later changed his mind, and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible.
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In November 1903, young women are being killed in London, each with a silk stocking stuffed down her throat. Watson seeks help from the retired and disenchanted Holmes, who determines that the victims are well-born ladies, not prostitutes. Evidence found includes a thumbprint, a pair of ladies' dancing shoes, broken glass, a strong smell of chloroform and a silk stocking removed from a victim's gullet. It seems that the killer has a foot fetish.
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Chemical investigations of petroleum ether and chloroform extracts led to the isolation of β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, 3-epiursolic acid, 3-epioleanolic acid and minor triterpenoids of derivatives of ursolic acid and oleanolic acids. Chromatographic purification of the methanol extract yield two iridoid glucosides (verbenalin and hastatoside), a phenylpropanoid glycoside, verbascoside and β-sitosterol-D-glucoside. Hastatoside and verbenalin have sleep-promoting (soporific) properties. It also contains a monoterpene alcohol called verbenol.
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In the meantime, a few people are falling into a coma in the city after being administered a strong dose of chloroform. One day, Gopi witnesses Kaveri giving an injection to a greedy loan shark. Gopi then meets her father Ellaiah (Bala Singh) who is working in a tea shop and Ellaiah tells him about their bitter past. Many years ago, in Tanjore, Ellaiah was a farmer who lived happily with his wife and kids.
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PANI nanofibers are the most commonly used for sensing applications. These nanofibers have been shown to detect various gaseous chemicals, such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), ammonia (NH3), Hydrazine (N2H4), chloroform (CHCl3), and methanol (CH3OH). PANI nanofibers can be further fined-tuned by doping and modifying the polymer chain conformation, among other methods, to increase selectivity to certain gases. A typical PANI chemical sensor consists of a substrate, an electrode, and a selective polymer layer.
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Samandarin was the first in the family of compounds to be isolated. In 1899, Faust purified samandarin as a crystalline sulfate salt by killing the salamanders with chloroform, mincing their corpses, and performing a number of acid-base extractions. In 1926, the pharmacology of samandarin was further examined by Gessner who administered the poison to animals and dissected their corpses. He determined that the poison primarily affected the central nervous system and spinal cord.
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It often has inclusions and is sometimes sold as "young amber". When it is treated or enhanced in an autoclave (as is sometimes done to industrialized Baltic amberBaltic Amber - Autoclave Treatment & Effect on Insect Inclusions.pdf, POLISH JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ) it is used for jewelry. In its natural condition copal can be easily distinguished from old amber by its lighter citrine colour and its surface getting tacky with a drop of acetone or chloroform.
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The carbylamine reaction (also known as the Hoffmann isocyanide synthesis) is the synthesis of an isocyanide by the reaction of a primary amine, chloroform, and base. The conversion involves the intermediacy of dichlorocarbene. Illustrative is the synthesis of tert-butyl isocyanide from tert-butylamine in the presence of catalytic amount of the phase transfer catalyst benzyltriethylammonium chloride. :Me3CNH2 \+ CHCl3 \+ 3 NaOH → Me3CNC + 3 NaCl + 3 H2O Similar reactions have been reported for aniline.
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At first she recovered well but then lapsed into a coma and died five days later. The post-mortem examination suggested that she died as a result of hepatic complications from the chloroform used as the anesthesia during her operation, possibly worsened by her previous exposure to mustard gas. She was buried with full military honours in a cemetery in Le Treport and later shifted to Somme American Cemetery and Memorial in Bony, France.
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Lord Vere assures her he will arrive ahead of time and be there to help her. The uncle brings her to a deserted home and physically assaults her. Elissande and Lord Vere, however, have packed her reticule with a lead weight, and she uses it to defend herself, keeping him at bay until Lord Vere arrives. Before they can silence him with chloroform, the uncle reveals that Elissande is actually his daughter.
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Hol by itself, when expressed in a broad host-range expression vector under IPTG control exhibited strong lytic activity in both P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Expression of the lys gene plus chloroform (but not minus chloramphenicol) yielded cell lysis. In another expression vector, coexpression of hol and lys induced lysis under conditions where neither gene alone induced lysis. The hol-lys gene system therefore is believed to constitute a chromosomally-encoded autolysis system.
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There are also systems with negative deviations that have vapor pressures that are lower than expected. Such a deviation is evidence for stronger intermolecular attraction between the constituents of the mixture than exists in the pure components. Thus, the molecules are "held in" the liquid more strongly when a second molecule is present. An example is a mixture of trichloromethane (chloroform) and 2-propanone (acetone), which boils above the boiling point of either pure component.
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This is evidence that the adhesive forces between different components are stronger than the average cohesive forces between like components. In consequence each component is retained in the liquid phase by attractive forces that are stronger than in the pure liquid so that its partial vapor pressure is lower. For example, the system of chloroform (CHCl3) and acetone (CH3COCH3) has a negative deviationP. Atkins and J. de Paula, Physical Chemistry (8th ed.
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Posed photograph of Joseph Clover demonstrating his Chloroform apparatus on his father John Wright Clover in 1862 Clover became house surgeon to James Syme upon graduation in 1846. He became Resident Medical Officer at University College Hospital in 1848, and was admitted as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1850. Originally Clover developed an interest in the field of urology. He practised as a surgeon, inventing two instruments for the crushing and removal of bladder stones.
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Sykes, page 8. Clover gave chloroform to Alexandra of Denmark, who was then the Princess of Wales, in 1867, for the removal of a splint from a rheumatic knee, and later anaesthetised her husband Edward VII (who was then Prince of Wales) in 1877, for an operation to drain an abscess which was attributed to a hunting injury. Clover also administered general anaesthesia to Sir Robert Peel, Florence Nightingale Rushman, page 28. and Sir Erasmus Wilson.
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Salicylaldehyde is prepared from phenol and chloroform by heating with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in a Reimer–Tiemann reaction: :Preparation of salicylaldehyde by the Reimer–Tiemann reaction Alternatively, it is produced by condensation of phenol or its derivatives with formaldehyde to give hydroxybenzyl alcohol, which is oxidized to the aldehyde. Salicylaldehydes in general may be prepared from the corresponding phenol by the Duff reaction, or by treatment with paraformaldehyde in the presence of magnesium chloride and a base.
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McFarlane, Graham and Richardson, working on the chick feed program at OAC, had used chloroform to remove all fat from chick chow. They noticed that chicks fed only fat-depleted chow developed hemorrhages and started bleeding from tag sites. Dam found that these defects could not be restored by adding purified cholesterol to the diet. It appeared that—together with the cholesterol—a second compound had been extracted from the food, and this compound was called the coagulation vitamin.
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It is a highly lipophilic compound (log P = 2.92). At 37 °C (98.6 °F), or normal human body temperature, bicalutamide is practically insoluble in water (4.6 mg/L), acid (4.6 mg/L at pH 1), and alkali (3.7 mg/L at pH 8). In organic solvents, it is slightly soluble in chloroform and absolute ethanol, sparingly soluble in methanol, and freely soluble in acetone and tetrahydrofuran. Bicalutamide is a synthetic and nonsteroidal compound which was derived from flutamide.
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In terms of mechanism, the oxidative polymerization using ferric chloride, a radical pathway has been proposed. Proposed mechanisms for ferric chloride oxidative polymerizations of thiophenes. Polymerization was only observed in solvents where the catalyst was either partially or completely insoluble (chloroform, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, pentane, and hexane, and not diethyl ether, xylene, acetone, or formic acid). The polymerization may occur at the surface of solid ferric chloride.. Quantum mechanical calculations also point to a radical mechanism.
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PET becomes white when exposed to chloroform and also certain other chemicals such as toluene. About 60% crystallization is the upper limit for commercial products, with the exception of polyester fibers. Clear products can be produced by rapidly cooling molten polymer below Tg glass transition temperature to form an amorphous solid. Like glass, amorphous PET forms when its molecules are not given enough time to arrange themselves in an orderly, crystalline fashion as the melt is cooled.
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Thus, in 1853 Queen Victoria's accoucheurs invited John Snow to anesthetize the Queen for the birth of her eighth child. From the beginnings of ether and chloroform anesthesia until well into the 20th century, the standard method of administration was the drop mask. A mask was placed over the patient's mouth with some fabric in it and the volatile liquid was dropped onto the mask with the patient spontaneously breathing. Later development of safe endotracheal tubes changed this.
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Longet is remembered for extensive research of the autonomic nervous system, and physiological experiments of the anterior and posterior columns of the spinal cord in regards to sensory and motor functionality. Also, he is credited with providing a detailed comprehensive description of nerve innervation of the larynx.New Advent, Catholic Encyclopedia History of Medicine With Jean Pierre Flourens (1794-1867), he performed pioneer experiments on the effects of ether and chloroform on the central nervous system in laboratory animals.
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HCB is a white crystalline solid that has negligible solubility in water (0.00000002 M) but sparingly soluble in organic solvents. It is most soluble in halogenated solvents like chloroform (approx 0.03 M), less soluble in esters and hydrocarbons (approx 0.020 M), and even less soluble in short chain alcohols (0.002-0.006 M). Its vapour pressure is 1.09×10−5 mmHg (1.45 mPa) at 20 °C. Its flash point is 242 °C and it sublimes at 322 °C.
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The use of pain medication in labor has been a controversial issue for hundreds of years. A Scottish woman was burned at the stake in 1591 for requesting pain relief in the delivery of twins. Medication became more acceptable in 1852, when Queen Victoria used chloroform as pain relief during labor. The use of morphine and scopolamine, also known as "twilight sleep," was first used in Germany and popularized by German physicians Bernard Kronig and Karl Gauss.
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The report of the coroner's chemist was released Thursday evening, verifying that Rheta had, in fact, been anesthetized with chloroform. The coroner further established that death occurred sometime between 3:00 and 6:00 p.m. and that Wynekoop was the only person who could have been home at that time. Significance was attached to evidence that Rheta had voluntarily removed her clothes as if preparing for an examination, and so must have been with someone she trusted.
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Another useful application of dimethoxymethane is to protect alcohols with a methoxymethyl (MOM) ether in organic synthesis. This can be done using phosphorus pentoxide in dry dichloromethane or chloroform. This is a preferred method to using chloromethyl methyl ether (MOMCl). Alternatively, MOMCl can be prepared as a solution in a methyl ester solvent by reacting dimethoxymethane and an acyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst like zinc bromide: MeOCH2OMe + RC(=O)Cl → MeOCH2Cl + RC(=O)(OMe)).
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In 1905, after he had been appointed Professor of Medicine at Oxford, Canadian physician William Osler gave a farewell address on leaving Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in which he referred to Trollope's The Fixed Period in a humorous manner. His words were misconstrued, and Osler was quoted as having advocated euthanasia ("Osler recommends chloroform at sixty").For details, see Charles G. Roland: "What Did Trollope Actually Write? The Fixed Period and 'The Fixed Period'" (1995).
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Calcium hypochlorite is a general oxidizing agent and therefore finds some use in organic chemistry. For instance the compound is used to cleave glycols, α-hydroxy carboxylic acids and keto acids to yield fragmented aldehydes or carboxylic acids. Calcium hypochlorite can also be used in the haloform reaction to manufacture chloroform. Calcium hypochlorite can be used to oxidize thiol and sulfide byproducts in organic synthesis and thereby reduce their odour and make them safe to dispose of.
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Devon interrupts Casey's search of Chuck's room, (see above) but grows suspicious about his behavior and Chuck's disappearance. He heads to the Buy More to ask Jeff and Lester if they've seen Chuck, and about Casey. The two break into Casey's locker and reveal that Casey has keys to Chuck's house and keeps logs of his doings at the store, as well as chloroform and other disturbing equipment. Jeff expresses admiration for Casey as a stalker.
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Vacuum pyrolysis, with the removal of neutral volatile by-products (CH3OH, CHCl3), has been used to prepare dihydroimidazole and triazole based carbenes: Preparation of carbenes via vacuum pyrolysis Historically the removal of chloroform by vacuum pyrolysis of d adducts was used by Wanzlick in his early attempts to prepare dihydroimidazol-2-ylidenes but this method is not widely used. The Enders laboratory has used vacuum pyrolysis of a c adduct to generate a triazolium-5-ylidene c.
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Stewart took over the leadership from E.D. Young, but found conditions too arduous and left in December 1877, handing the leadership to Laws as a temporary measure. Laws remained leader for the next fifty years. Laws was a fully qualified doctor. He used chloroform for the first time at Cape Maclear on 2 March 1876 in a successful operation to remove a cystic tumour above the right eye of a young man, to the astonishment of the local people.
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Phenformin hydrochloride is a white crystalline powder, with a melting point of 175 to 178 °C; it is soluble at 1 in 8 parts of water and 1 in 15 of ethanol, and practically insoluble in chloroform and ether. Phenformin is less polar and more lipid soluble and exhibits a higher affinity for mitochondrial membranes than metformin. Its dissociation constant (pKa) is 2.7, 11.8 (at 32 °C), and log P = –0.8. Phenformin is well absorbed after oral administration.
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The Dess–Martin oxidation is an organic reaction for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones using Dess-Martin periodinane. It is named after the American chemists Daniel Benjamin Dess and James Cullen Martin who developed the periodinane reagent in 1983. The reaction uses a hypervalent iodine reagent similar to IBX to selectively and mildly oxidize alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. The reaction is commonly conducted in chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane or chloroform.
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Parker quickly realized the need for trained Chinese help, and trained his first medical student Kwan Ato in 1836. Parker introduced both ether and chloroform anesthesia to China. His medical school is most remembered because of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, who studied there in 1886 for one year before returning to resume his studies in Hong Kong. In 1835-36 Parker and Colledge and a few Christian foreign residents formed the Medical Missionary Society of China.
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Copper (II) bromide in chloroform-ethyl acetate reacts with ketones resulting in the formation of alpha-bromo ketones. The resulting product can be directly used for the preparation of derivatives. This heterogeneous method is reported to be the most selective and direct method of formation of α-bromo ketones. Dibromination of NPGs, n-pentenyl glycosides, using CuBr2/LiBr reagent combination was performed in order for an NPG to serve as a glycosyl acceptor during halonium-promoted couplings.
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Kong bursts through the gate to get Ann back, killing several sailors but is subdued when Carl knocks him out with chloroform. In New York City, Carl presents "Kong, the Eighth Wonder of the World" on Broadway, starring Baxter and an imprisoned Kong. Ann is played by an anonymous chorus girl, as she refused to take part in the performance. Agitated by the flashing of the cameras, Kong breaks free from his chains and wrecks the theater.
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The Kharasch addition is an organic reaction and a metal-catalysed free radical addition of CXCl3 compounds (X = Cl, Br, H) to alkenes.Name reactions: a collection of detailed reaction mechanisms, Jie Jack Li Springer; 2nd edition (September 17, 2003) 3540402039 The reaction was discovered by Morris S. Kharasch in the 1940s. The basic reaction scheme runs as follows: :R2C=CH2 \+ R'X → R2CX-CH2R': and proceeds through the CXCl2 free radical. Examples of organohalides are carbon tetrachloride and chloroform.
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Waldies was established in 1858 by Dr. David Waldie, a Scottish chemist who moved to India. It has been suggested that Waldie was responsible for the original formulation of chloroform. Waldies were frontrunners in the development of the chemical industry in India and were the first to manufacture oxides of lead on a large scale. On November 1967, the company was incorporated under the name D. Waldie & Company (Lead Oxides) Ltd' renamed in 1968 to Waldies Limited.
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In the carbylamine reaction (also known as the Hofmann isocyanide synthesis) alkali base reacts with chloroform to produce dichlorocarbene. The carbene then converts primary amines to isocyanides. Illustrative is the synthesis of tert-butyl isocyanide from tert-butylamine in the presence of catalytic amount of the phase transfer catalyst benzyltriethylammoniumchloride. :Me3CNH2 \+ CHCl3 \+ 3 NaOH → Me3CNC + 3 NaCl + 3 H2O As it is only effective for primary amines this reaction can be used as a chemical test for their presence.
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However, the improvised rope broke, causing him to fall into the sea. Although being dragged by the waves he managed to reach land and escape with assistance from fishermen. On January 3, 1960, communist leaders Álvaro Cunhal, Francisco Martins Rodrigues and eight others connived with a member of the National Republican Guard who agreed to immobilize with chloroform a colleague responsible for the surveillance of the prisoners. They also descended the walls with a rope made of sheets.
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With the duo realizing that they would fail to obtain Rice's wealth, Patrick convinced Jones to kill Rice with chloroform as he slept. Immediately after murdering Rice, Jones forged a large check to Patrick in Rice's name. However, Jones misspelled Patrick's name on the check, arousing suspicion and eventually resulting in their arrests and convictions. Rice's estate was used to open an institute for higher learning in Houston in 1912, which was named Rice University in his honor.
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Malatesta, L. Isocyanide Complexes of MetalsProgress in Inorganic Chemistry, 1959, volume 1, 284-291. tert-Butyl isocyanide is prepared by a Hofmann carbylamine reaction. In this conversion, a dichloromethane solution of tert-butylamine is treated with chloroform and aqueous sodium hydroxide in the presence of catalytic amount of the phase transfer catalyst benzyltriethylammonium chloride. :Me3CNH2 \+ CHCl3 \+ 3 NaOH → Me3CNC + 3 NaCl + 3 H2O tert-Butyl isocyanide is isomeric with pivalonitrile, also known as tert-butyl cyanide.
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Guido Bargellini was a disciple of Hermann Emil Louis Fischer, the German chemist and Nobel laureate famous for the eponymous Fischer esterification reaction. Bargellini did his post-doctoral lab research in Fischer's laboratory. He spent most of his career as a chemist at the University of Rome. His interest in coumarins, a recently isolated compound at the time, led Bargellini to experiment with multi-component reactions (MCRs) between phenols, chloroform, and acetone in a solution of a sodium hydroxide.
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This was an important departure, both in theory and in practice, from adsorption chromatography. In liquid-liquid separation, a compound is distributed between two immiscible liquid phases under equilibrium conditions. Martin and Synge initially attempted to devise a method of performing a sequential liquid-liquid extraction with serially connected glass vessels that functioned as separatory funnels. The seminal article presenting their early studies described a rather complicated instrument that allowed partitioning of amino acids between water and chloroform phases.
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SANTOS, Rogério Nunes dos; SILVA, Maria Goretti de Vasconcelos, and BRAZ FILHO, Raimundo (2008). Constituintes químicos do caule de Senna reticulata Willd. (Leguminoseae) ("Chemical constituents isolated from the wood of Senna reticulata Willd") Química Nova [online], volume 31 issue 8, pages 1979--1981 (in Portuguese). "It is the first report of 1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone and 3-methoxy-1,6,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone in higher plants." The substance is soluble in ethanol and chloroform but not in n-hexane, and melts at 283 °C.
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Ether holds the last bit of water so tenaciously that only a very powerful desiccant such as sodium metal added to the liquid phase can result in completely dry ether.Cohen, Julius B. Practical Organic Chemistry MacMillan 1930 Anhydrous calcium chloride is used as a desiccant for drying a wide variety of solvents since it is inexpensive and does not react with most nonaqueous solvents. Chloroform is an example of a solvent that can be effectively dried using calcium chloride.
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In such a determination, the lignin sample is dissolved using a mixture of DMF and pyridine (in excess for a quantitative reaction), in the presence of an internal standard (IS) and a relaxation reagent (RR), and then phosphitylated using a mixture of a derivatisation regent (DR) and deuterated chloroform. The phosphitylated sample is then scanned using liquide state 31P-NMR spectroscopy and the hydroxyl groups are quantified by integration of the corresponding signals from obtained 31P-NMR spectra.
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Acetylcysteine is the N-acetyl derivative of the amino acid L-cysteine, and is a precursor in the formation of the antioxidant glutathione in the body. The thiol (sulfhydryl) group confers antioxidant effects and is able to reduce free radicals. N-acetyl-L-cysteine is soluble in water and alcohol, and practically insoluble in chloroform and ether. It is a white to white with light yellow cast powder, and has a pKa of 9.5 at 30 °C.
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Shepard claimed to have captured another hodag in 1896, and this one was captured alive. According to Shepard's reports, he and several bear wrestlers placed chloroform on the end of a long pole, which they worked into the cave of the creature where it was overcome. He displayed this hodag at the first Oneida County fair. Thousands of people came to see the hodag at the fair or at Shepard's display in a shanty at his house.
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For example, the medium can contain glucose labeled with six carbon-13 atoms (13C) instead of the normal carbon-12 (12C). Cells growing in this medium, will, depending on model organism, incorporate the heavy glucose into all of their RNA molecules. Thereafter, all nucleotides are 5 Da heavier than their unlabeled isotopologues due to a complete carbon labeling of the ribose. After cultivation and appropriate labeling of the cells, they are generally harvested using phenol/chloroform/guanidinium isothiocyanate.
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One of the most important uses of the Sandmeyer reaction is the formation of aryl halides. The solvent of choice for the synthesis of aryl iodides is diiodomethane, while for the synthesis of aryl bromides, bromoform is used. For the synthesis of aryl chlorides, chloroform is the solvent of choice. The synthesis of (+)-curcuphenol, a bioactive compound that displays antifungal and anticancer activity, employs the Sandmeyer reaction to substitute an amine group by a bromo group.
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The Appel reaction begins with the formation of the phosphonium salt 3, which is thought to exist as a tight ion pair with 4 and therefore is unable to undergo an alpha-elimination to give dichlorocarbene. Deprotonation of the alcohol, forming chloroform, yields an alkoxide 5. The nucleophilic displacement of the chloride by the alkoxide yields intermediate 7. With primary and secondary alcohols, the halide reacts in a SN2 process forming the alkyl halide 8 and triphenylphosphine oxide.
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Moseley abstained from a number of substances, believing alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, and opium to be particularly harmful. He also publicly admonished students working in chemistry labs for gaining a chloroform habit. Moseley had a number of frugal habits, such as making tomato soup from ketchup and hot water. He was known to avoid buying new clothes, and frequently wore a single blue suit made of Serge that had received so much wear the fabric had become shiny.
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Pneumococcus is characterized by smooth colonies which have a polysaccharide capsule that induces antibody formation; the different types are classified according to their immunological specificity. The purification procedure Avery undertook consisted of first killing the bacteria with heat and extracting the saline-soluble components. Next, the protein was precipitated out using chloroform and the polysaccharide capsules were hydrolyzed with an enzyme. An immunological precipitation caused by type-specific antibodies was used to verify the complete destruction of the capsules.
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In 1984, English band The Smiths released their third single, "What Difference Does It Make?". The single cover was a photograph taken on the set of the film The Collector (but not depicted in the actual film). Originally, Stamp refused permission for the still to be used, and some pressings featured lead singer Morrissey in a re-enacted scene. In the re-enactment Morrissey is holding a glass of milk, as opposed to a chloroform pad in the original.
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Cleaning is performed usually by rinsing with the same (non-deuterated) solvent used to dissolve the initial sample. Dichloromethane or acetone are good choices because dichloromethane is similar in polarity to chloroform, a common NMR solvent, while acetone dissolves many organic compounds. Sonication and scrubbing with a pipe cleaner may be helpful in removing traces of solid contaminants. If necessary, the tube may be filled with an oxidizing solution of aqua regia or piranha solution (H2O2/H2SO4).
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Spike tells Buffy that it was the best night of his life. At Buffy's insistence, a reluctant Xander renders Dawn unconscious with chloroform and drives off with her, away from Sunnydale for safety. When Dawn wakes up, she gives him a shock with a stun gun and then drives them back. Following the Egyptian lead, Buffy takes the axe to a small pyramid outside the gates of the same cemetery that she has patrolled for the past six years.
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Amber is heterogeneous in composition, but consists of several resinous bodies more or less soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform, associated with an insoluble bituminous substance. Amber is a macromolecule by free radical polymerization of several precursors in the labdane family, e.g. communic acid, cummunol, and biformene.Manuel Villanueva-García, Antonio Martínez-Richa, and Juvencio Robles Assignment of vibrational spectra of labdatriene derivatives and ambers: A combined experimental and density functional theoretical study Arkivoc (EJ-1567C) pp.
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In an ultimate twist, Shalini reveals that Shiva, who was running away from the police after breaking into an election booth, killed Shakthi with chloroform as the latter suffered from asthma. Shalini is upset that Shakthi's father prevented her from taking revenge against Shiva. Shiva is cured and comes to seek apology from Shakthi's father for accidentally killing Shakthi. Shakthi's father forgives Shiva and asks him to marry Meera, who has been waiting for him for over eight years.
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Due to the high amount of contamination in the on-site groundwater, surface water, waste, sediment, and soil there are several health and environmental hazards. Infections, reactions, and disorders have been detected in pollution victims via contaminants detected in a laboratory. Groundwater, waste, and surface water contaminants included, but are not limited to benzene, chloroform, ethyl benzene, methylene chloride, dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, methyl phenol, trichloroethane, toluene, and xylenes. The on-site soil contained chlordane, chromium, lead, and PCB-1242.
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Historically, ether (the first volatile agent) was first used by John Snow's inhaler (1847) but was superseded by the use of chloroform (1848). Ether then slowly made a revival (1862–1872) with regular use via Curt Schimmelbusch's "mask", a narcosis mask for dripping liquid ether. Now obsolete, it was a mask constructed of wire, and covered with cloth. Pressure and demand from dental surgeons for a more reliable method of administering ether helped modernize its delivery.
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Due to the amount of time Sharkey Landfill was used as a landfill, tons of dangerous chemicals were discovered throughout the area. Large amounts of carcinogenic compounds such as benzene, chloroform, and nethylene chloride were found within the site, along with other dangerous and volatile chemicals such as toluene and dichloroethylene were also found. While most of these chemicals did not pose any major hazards to the environment, many pose large threats to the health and safety of humans.
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For example, reformation of the aromatic ring from the semibenzene (cyclohexadienone) follows an energy drop of just under 36 kcal/mol. Such staunch drops have been experimentally shown to lead to efficient aromatization with high yields. Known von Auwers Rearrangements Other products including dioxocins and polymers can form depending upon the location of the initial addition of carbon tetrachloride. Furthermore, changes to the reagents such as the use of chloroform instead of carbon tetrachloride can form additional products.
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When the funeral is over and Mary and her friends leave Thomasina's burial place in the hills, Lori appears, exhumes Thomasina's body and discovers the cat is still alive; the chloroform simply induced a deep sleep. Lori takes the cat to her own cottage to recover. When Thomasina wakes up, she thinks she is Bastet the Egyptian cat goddess, resurrected. The other animals at Lori's cottage don't believe her, especially when she tries to show her powers to them.
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Afterwards, he also used chloroform to anesthetize the patient. Argumosa also developed new surgical techniques, and improved upon existing surgical practices. He changed the position of the patient during surgery, operating on them when they were lying down instead of the seated position that was generally used, so that they could better withstand the pain of the procedure. He developed new techniques to amputate the thigh and the anal fistula, which he described in his monographs.
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Mustafa Odabasi (2008): "Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds from the Use of Chlorine-Bleach-Containing Household Products". Environmental Science & Technology, volume 42, issue 5, pages 1445–1451. These chlorinated compounds are emitted during cleaning applications, some of which are toxic and probable human carcinogens. The study showed that indoor air concentrations significantly increase (8–52 times for chloroform and 1–1170 times for carbon tetrachloride, respectively, above baseline quantities in the household) during the use of bleach containing products.
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The idea to make mechanically strong polymeric materials by 1D supramolecular association of small molecules requires a high association constant between the repeating building blocks. In 1997, E.W. “Bert” Meijer reported a telechelic monomer with ureidopyrimidinone termini as a “self-complementary” quadruple hydrogen bonding motif and demonstrated that the resulting supramolecular polymer in chloroform shows a temperature-dependent viscoelastic property in solution. This is the first demonstration that supramolecular polymers, when sufficiently mechanically robust, are physically entangled in solution.
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The priest is in fact a demonic serial killer, who adopts different disguises to get to his victims. All of these disguises are trustworthy people, like a doctor, a police officer, a clown, judge, or a priest. As Sharon stumbles upon a board full of newspaper clippings in the killer's home, which are about his previous victims, he seemingly overpowers her with chloroform. He takes a tied up Sharon to the middle of the desert to bury her alive.
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The phosphate-starved bacteria had an intracellular volume 1.5 times normal; the greater volume appeared to be associated with the appearance of large "vacuole-like regions". Scanning electron micrograph of GFAJ-1 cells grown in defined minimal medium supplemented with 1.5 mM phosphate When the researchers added isotope-labeled arsenate to the solution to track its distribution, they found that arsenic was present in the cellular fractions containing the bacteria's proteins, lipids and metabolites such as ATP, as well as its DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids from stationary phase cells starved of phosphorus were concentrated via five extractions (one with phenol, three with phenol-chloroform and one with chloroform extraction solvent), followed by ethanol precipitation. Although direct evidence of the incorporation of arsenic into biomolecules is still lacking, radioactivity measurements suggested that approximately one-tenth (11.0 ± 0.1%) of the arsenic absorbed by these bacteria ended up in the fraction that contained the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and all other co-precipitated compounds not extracted by the previous treatments.
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Joseph Thomas Clover (28 February 1825; baptised 7 May 1825 – 27 September 1882) was an English doctor and pioneer of anaesthesia. He invented a variety of pieces of apparatus to deliver anaesthetics including ether and chloroform safely and controllably. By 1871 he had administered anaesthetics 13,000 times without a fatality. Clover assisted at surgery of public figures including Napoleon III, Princess Alexandra of Denmark and her husband King Edward VII (then Prince of Wales), Sir Robert Peel, and Florence Nightingale.
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Most low molecular weight chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethene, and trichloroethane are useful solvents. These solvents tend to be relatively non-polar; they are therefore immiscible with water and effective in cleaning applications such as degreasing and dry cleaning. Several billion kilograms of chlorinated methanes are produced annually, mainly by chlorination of methane: :CH4 \+ x Cl2 → CH4−xClx \+ x HCl The most important is dichloromethane, which is mainly used as a solvent. Chloromethane is a precursor to chlorosilanes and silicones.
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Archer J.P. Martin and Richard L.M. Synge worked together at the Wool Industries Research Association in Leeds. In 1941 they published a paper entitled ‘A New Form of Chromatogram Employing Two Liquid Phases’ in the Biochemical Journal. Martin and Synge described how they had used columns of silica with water, used as the stationary phase, whilst a second, non-miscible liquid, flowed down the column. The second liquid was the organic solvent chloroform, and they separated acetamino-acids from protein hydrolysates.
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In the late hours of a hot New York summer night, a pair of men subdue and kill Jean Dexter, an ex-model, by knocking her out with chloroform and drowning her in her bathtub. When one of the murderers gets conscience-stricken while drunk, the other kills him and throws his body into the East River. Homicide Detective Lt. Dan Muldoon and his young associate, Det. Jimmy Halloran, are assigned to Jean's case, which the medical examination has determined was murder.
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Masters of Medicine. Web. 2017. This practice revealed the pain-annulling properties of ether inhalation during surgery. Pioneers of obstetric anesthesia extended these findings to cases of parturition or childbirth, notably including James Young Simpson of Scotland (1811-1870), John Snow of London (1813-1858) and Walter Channing of the United States of America (1786-1876). Prior to the anesthetizing of Queen Victoria in 1853, the use of diethyl ether and chloroform as obstetric anesthetics faced social, religious, and medical opposition.
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There are numerous cat welfare and cat breeding organisations in New Zealand. The Royal New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was formed in 1882 and now has 47 branches around the country. Cats Unloved is a Christchurch-based organisation working with cats. In 2011 the organisation was criticised for euthanasing cats with chloroform, although it is done legally and is considered to be necessary to address the problem of stray cats, seen as a large problem in the city.
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Effluent from the pulp and paper industry is generally high in suspended solids and BOD. Plants that bleach wood pulp for paper making may generate chloroform, dioxins (including 2,3,7,8-TCDD), furans, phenols and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Stand-alone paper mills using imported pulp may only require simple primary treatment, such as sedimentation or dissolved air flotation. Increased BOD or COD loadings, as well as organic pollutants, may require biological treatment such as activated sludge or upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors.
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Henrique de Barros Gomes was born in Lisbon, to Bernardino António Gomes Jr. (physician and pioneer in the use of Chloroform in Portugal) and his spouse, Maria Leocádia Fernandes Tavares de Barros Gomes. His paternal grandfather was Bernardino António Gomes, a recognized medic and specialist in Brazilian botany, who helped introduce vaccination techniques into Portugal. His brother was forest engineer and scientist Bernardino de Barros Gomes. After his preparatory studies which were completed in Germany,Richard James Hammond, 1996, p.
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In 1832 the company began manufacture of morphine acetate (the medicinal version of heroin) and hydrochloride, which led to the development and manufacture of the anaesthetics ether and chloroform. This allowed the company to develop sterile dressings for Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister under contract. After acquiring the Abbeyhill chemical works in 1840 for the production of alkaloids, from 1870 the production of codeine began in 1886. The company then acquired another site in Northfield, Edinburgh, in 1900 for the production of strychnine.
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"LIFE BITTER TO WIDOW: Mrs. Williams on Probation Estate Transactions After Actor's Death Lead to Court Proceedings Shattered Love Affair With Oil Promoter", Los Angeles Times, August 10, 1931, pp. 1-2. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Her previous arrests for dispersing bad checks and other financial and personal setbacks finally prompted the 33-year-old widow, who was on probation at the time in San Francisco, and her 80-year-old mother to commit suicide together by inhaling excessive amounts of chloroform.
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The abductor tells her how she came there. When she went swimming in the open sea, he pulled her below the water surface and knocked her unconscious using a bottled chloroform. Meanwhile, everyone is worried at her home. Next morning, her mother receives a call from the abductor wherein he says that he is interested in speaking to Sonia's father, Vikrant Raina (Sanjay Dutt), a New York-based Indian business tycoon, with whom he has an old score to settle.
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In 1960, H.-W. Wanzlick and E. Schikora proposed that carbenes derived from dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene were generated by vacuum pyrolysis of 2-trichloromethyl dihydroimidazole derivatives, with the loss of chloroform. Wanzlick's proposed mechanism for the reaction of dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene with electrophiles Wanzlick and Schikora believed that once prepared these carbenes existed in an unfavourable equilibrium with their corresponding dimers. This assertion was based on reactivity studies which they believed showed that the free carbene reacted with electrophiles (E-X).
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In May 1848 he presented his findings to the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh and was critical of Simpson's advocacy of human use. Simpson (there present) defended his beliefs. However, public opinion, including a knighthood for Simpson and widespread media coverage, dominated the feelings of the general public. Medical truth was therefore suppressed and the use of chloroform spread widely, much to the delight of Dr James Duncan of Duncan & Flockhart of Edinburgh, who held the British licence for production.
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In this time, Lemaire was arrested by Sanders after his story, shortly followed by Monchereaux. In prison, Victor claimed that it was Alphonse who killed the women using chloroform and a towel, to steal their money. His story was partially corroborated by J. W. Williams, a black hod carrier, who had caught up to the men while walking on Market Street and eavesdropped on their conversation. He heard one of the men say "I did it", but couldn't discern who it was.
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Euphemia Vale Blake (pen names, E. Vale Smith and E. Vale Blake; 7 May 1817 – 21 October 1904) was a British-born American author and critic. She wrote extensively for the North American Review, the Christian Examiner, the Boston Evening Transcript, and other well-known publications. From 1857, she lived in Brooklyn, engaged in journalism. She was the author of Arctic Experiences; Teeth, Ether and Chloroform; History of Newburyport; A History of Tammany Hall, and Ocean Wonders (on sea life).
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Defects such as delaminations and planar cracks are difficult to detect using radiography, which is why penetrants are often used to enhance the contrast in the detection of such defects. Penetrants used include silver nitrate, zinc iodide, chloroform and diiodomethane. Choice of the penetrant is determined by the ease with which it can penetrate the cracks and also with which it can be removed. Diiodomethane has the advantages of high opacity, ease of penetration, and ease of removal because it evaporates relatively quickly.
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In this reaction, in addition to the starting compound dialkyl phosphite, tetrachloromethane and a base (an amine) are used in stoichiometric amounts. Only chloroform, which occurs after two reaction steps from tetrachloromethane, is relevant as a waste product for the assessment of the atomic economy. It should furthermore be kept in mind that the product of the reaction has a greater molar mass than the starting compound. The atom economy of this reaction can therefore be classified as relatively good.
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Sequencing reads can then be used to infer regions of increased accessibility as well as to map regions of transcription factor binding sites and nucleosome positions. The number of reads for a region correlate with how open that chromatin is, at single nucleotide resolution. ATAC-seq requires no sonication or phenol-chloroform extraction like FAIRE- seq; no antibodies like ChIP-seq; and no sensitive enzymatic digestion like MNase-seq or DNase-seq. ATAC-seq preparation can be completed in under three hours.
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From about 1880s to 1950s, TAA was used as an anesthetic with the contemporary name of amylene hydrate, but was rarely used solely because of the existence of more efficient drugs. In the 1930s, TAA was mainly used as a solvent for the primary anesthetic tribromoethanol (TBE). Like chloroform, TBE is toxic for the liver, so the use of such solutions declined in the 1940s in humans. TBE-TAA- solutions remained in use as short-acting anesthetics for laboratory mice and rats.
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Guanidinium thiocyanate can be used to deactivate a virus, such as the influenza virus that caused the 1918 "Spanish flu", so that it can be studied safely. Guanidinium thiocyanate is also used to lyse cells and virus particles in RNA and DNA extractions, where its function, in addition to its lysing action, is to prevent activity of RNase enzymes and DNase enzymes by denaturing them. These enzymes would otherwise damage the extract. A commonly used method is guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.
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The colour is due to the hydroxyl group (-OH) of cholesterol reacting with the reagents and increasing the conjugation of the un-saturation in the adjacent fused ring. Since this test uses acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid as reagents, caution must be exercised so as not to receive severe burns. Method: Dissolve one or two crystals of cholesterol in dry chloroform in a dry test tube. Add several drops of acetic anhydride and then 2 drops of concentrated H2SO4 and mix carefully.
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2C-P is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-n-propylphenethylamine. The full name of the chemical is 2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylphenyl)ethanamine. The hydrochloride salt is the most common form, normally found as a white powder, or white crystals. Alexander Shulgin's 2C-P crude freebase (soluble in chloroform), after "removal of the solvent under vacuum," was an off-white colored oil which he distilled at 100–110 °C at (turning it "water white" in color), and it "spontaneously crystallized" upon cooling.
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63, No. 194 /Wednesday, October 7, 1998 /Rules and Regulations The HAP emissions associated with polyurethane foam production include methylene chloride, toluene diisocyanate, methyl chloroform, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, propylene oxide, diethanolamine, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol, and toluene. However, not all chemical emissions associated with the production of these material have been classified. Methylene chloride makes up over 98 percent of the total HAP emissions from this industry. Short-term exposure to high concentrations of methylene chloride also irritates the nose and throat.
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Its precise cause is unknown, but an insult to the blood vessels taking blood from and to the lungs is believed to be required to allow the anti-GBM antibodies to come into contact with the alveoli. Examples of such an insult include: exposure to organic solvents (e.g. chloroform) or hydrocarbons, exposure to tobacco smoke, certain alleles (HLA-DR15), infection (such as influenza A), cocaine inhalation, metal dust inhalation, bacteraemia, sepsis, high-oxygen environments, and treatment with antilymphocytic treatment (especially monoclonal antibodies).
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Magnetic anisotropy, for example, may occur in a plasma, so that its magnetic field is oriented in a preferred direction. Plasmas may also show "filamentation" (such as that seen in lightning or a plasma globe) that is directional. An anisotropic liquid has the fluidity of a normal liquid, but has an average structural order relative to each other along the molecular axis, unlike water or chloroform, which contain no structural ordering of the molecules. Liquid crystals are examples of anisotropic liquids.
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Mills 1999, pp. 250–252. Concerts were held on Saturdays and anniversaries were celebrated, but there were growing feelings of despondency as time passed with no sign of the ship. The toes on Blackborow's left foot became gangrenous from frostbite and, on 15 June, had to be amputated by surgeons Alexander Macklin and James McIlroy in the candle-lit hut. Using the very last of the chloroform in their medical supplies, the whole procedure took 55 minutes and was a complete success.
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Lipids are the most diverse group of biochemicals. Their main structural uses are as part of biological membranes both internal and external, such as the cell membrane, or as a source of energy. Lipids are usually defined as hydrophobic or amphipathic biological molecules but will dissolve in organic solvents such as alcohol, benzene or chloroform. The fats are a large group of compounds that contain fatty acids and glycerol; a glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acid esters is called a triacylglyceride.
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Strongly acidic ion exchange resin is then added. The resin is filtered and the opiates are recovered with the addition of ammonia water. The resulting liquid is evaporated using a chemical condenser, then when dry (it is then called glazura - glaze) it is acetylated using acetic anhydride in an anhydrous environment of a non-polar solvent, for example toluene, diethyl ether, chloroform, or most commonly acetone. After acetylation, the solvent is evaporated to remove the acetic anhydride, and finally water is added.
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Methods have been developed to purify DNA from organisms, such as phenol-chloroform extraction, and to manipulate it in the laboratory, such as restriction digests and the polymerase chain reaction. Modern biology and biochemistry make intensive use of these techniques in recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant DNA is a man-made DNA sequence that has been assembled from other DNA sequences. They can be transformed into organisms in the form of plasmids or in the appropriate format, by using a viral vector.
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G. A. Spiller Caffeine, CRC Press, 1997 Many alkaloids dissolve poorly in water but readily dissolve in organic solvents, such as diethyl ether, chloroform or 1,2-dichloroethane. Caffeine, cocaine, codeine and nicotine are slightly soluble in water (with a solubility of ≥1g/L), whereas others, including morphine and yohimbine are very slightly water-soluble (0.1–1 g/L). Alkaloids and acids form salts of various strengths. These salts are usually freely soluble in water and ethanol and poorly soluble in most organic solvents.
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The buildup for the match between Giant Gonzalez and The Undertaker began after the Undertaker defeated Kamala in a Coffin match at Survivor Series 1992. Kamala's manager Harvey Wippleman vowed revenge and introduced Gonzalez at Royal Rumble 1993, with Gonzalez attacking and eliminating the Undertaker. Gonzalez and the Undertaker wrestled at WrestleMania IX, and Gonzalez knocked the Undertaker unconscious with a chloroform-soaked rag. The feud intensified when Wippleman, Gonzalez and Mr. Hughes attacked the Undertaker and his manager, Paul Bearer.
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Denaturation is a process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose the quaternary structure, tertiary structure, and secondary structure which is present in their native state, by application of some external stress or compound such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent (e.g., alcohol or chloroform), radiation or heat. If proteins in a living cell are denatured, this results in disruption of cell activity and possibly cell death. Protein denaturation is also a consequence of cell death.
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While Jana waits in the back wing of the building, Vinny subdues Jana with chloroform and takes the unconscious actress away in his car back to the castle to film a scene there. Vinny films a scene with him playing Dracula and Jana as a victim. Suddenly, Bret Bates shows up with another camera and a pistol, and congratulates Vinny on setting everything up for him. Bret is revealed to be the killer and the mastermind behind this whole thing, not Vinny.
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The officers confiscated 656 litres from the premises, the largest seizure of fake alcohol by the Standards Office at the time, and subsequent tests revealed that the alcohol contained isopropanol, tertiary butanol and chloroform. The Court fined Gatecrasher £5000, with costs of £2095.67. Redbrick, the student publication of the University of Birmingham, published an article in October 2013 that provided further information about the University's Guild of Students' boycott of Gatecrasher due to a significant debt that was outstanding at the time.
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The government didn't make any arrangements to take care of these refugees. Bhagat Puran Singh took the initiative, he took some chloroform and turpentine oil and started treating the wounds of these refugees. He would often go in the nearby colonies to get food for the hungry and medicine for the ill. Bhagat Puran Singh was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991, for his selfless work, feeding, clothing, and tending sick and dying people but did not receive it.
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In 1861, Dr. Vartan arrived in Nazareth to begin work. He joined Johannes or John Zeller, a missionary of the Church Mission Society.Yaron, 129 Zeller was an Anglican priest, and helped Dr. Vartan carry out surgeries with chloroform anesthesia. Initially, Dr. Vartan was confronted with a campaign against him by local healers, who saw his plan of establishment a threat to their practices. There was also a question of funding, as the committee that sent Dr. Vartan to Nazareth disbanded in 1864.
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In 1990, on-site contaminants at "probable health concern levels" included lead, thallium, benzene, chloroform, chlordane, and polychlorinated biphenyls. The contaminants could easily drain out of the property, with part of the site built on easily draining sand from the original course of the Coffee Creek, and six ten-inch drainage pipes drained directly into the nearby Eleven Mile Creek. Waste had also been released into the creek due to several ruptures of the containing clay berm in the past.
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This is a major piece of evidence that statins work in another way than the lowering of cholesterol (called pleiotropic effects). The drug is in the form of an inactive lactone that is hydrolyzed after ingestion to produce the active agent. It is a white, nonhygroscopic, crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water, and freely soluble in chloroform, methanol, and ethanol. Simvastatin is an effective serum lipid-lowering drug that can decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels by up to 50%.
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Myrtle is forced to bring a boy named Lambert, whom she thinks is horrid, after he accidentally sniffs chloroform. When Dorothy is released from prison, Betty sends the spoiled Boo-Boo and Little One with her to the island to be looked after when she breaks her hip and apparently kills herself. On the island, Minette and Fabio are quickly put to work on the bed. they carry stranded jellyfish back to the sea and holding an eel with scabies.
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Isolated attempts to use curare during anesthesia date back to 1912 by Arthur Lawen of Leipzig, but curare came to anesthesia via psychiatry (electroplexy). In 1939 Abram Elting Bennett used it to modify metrazol induced convulsive therapy. Muscle relaxants are used in modern anesthesia for many reasons, such as providing optimal operating conditions and facilitating intubation of the trachea. Before muscle relaxants, anesthesiologists needed to use larger doses of the anesthetic agent, such as ether, chloroform or cyclopropane to achieve these aims.
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The mobile phase is composed primarily of supercritical carbon dioxide, but since CO2 on its own is too non-polar to effectively elute many analytes, cosolvents are added to modify the mobile phase polarity. Cosolvents are typically simple alcohols like methanol, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol. Other solvents such as acetonitrile, chloroform, or ethyl acetate can be used as modifiers. For food-grade materials, the selected cosolvent is often ethanol or ethyl acetate, both of which are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
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Add to it diluted hydrocyanic acid 50 and enough alcohol (90 > per cent) to make 1000. Strength. 1 millilitre contains chloroform 7.5 > centimils; morphine hydrochloride 1 centigram; acidum hydrocyanicum dilutum > 5 centimils. Dose 5 to 15 minims - 0.2 to 1ml Besides the generics, a number of rival sellers marketed their own branded versions of the formula, brands such as "Freeman's", "Teasdale's", and "Towle's". It can be seen from the illustrations that the authenticity of these rival brands was hotly contested.
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He buys an isolated house, experiments with chloroform, and rehearses methods of enticing women into his car. When his initial attempts at abduction fail, he poses as an injured motorist in need of assistance and goes to the rest area out of town, where he will not be recognised. Three years after Saskia's disappearance, Rex is still searching for her. He has received several postcards inviting him to meet the kidnapper at a cafe in Nîmes, but the kidnapper never comes.
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Xanthium spinosum, as well as others within the genus, are used in many traditional medicinal treatments. The chloroform extracts found in the plant are used to treat numerous ailments such as hydrophobia, rabies, fevers, diarrhea, and cancer. In Chinese medicinal practices, the methanol extracts found in the leaves and fruits are used to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. This species can also be toxic to humans, as it produces toxins that cause nephrotoxic effects, causing damage to the kidneys.
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The Combe Fill South Landfill is located on the border of Chester and Washington townships, both of which are in Morris County, in the state of New Jersey. The Landfill was put on the National Priority List by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in September 1983 due to the site being tested for potentially dangerous chemicals, such as benzene, methylene chloride, and chloroform. Despite attempts to clean up, the site has remained an active Superfund as of September 25, 2017.
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Many people in the area of Price Landfill own residential wells, which were found to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds, including benzene & chloroform, and arsenic in 1980. In 1980, officials of the state and locals came to the conclusion that the contaminated groundwater from the landfill was present in nearby private wells, as well as the Atlantic City Well Field, which is one mile from the landfill, and that this was a threat to the health of the community.
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"An Overview of A Vision". The System of W. B. Yeats's A Vision. Retrieved on 15 July 2007. Gonne's history of revolutionary political activism, as well as a series of personal catastrophes in the previous few years of her life—including chloroform addiction and her troubled marriage to MacBride—made her a potentially unsuitable wife; biographer R. F. Foster has observed that Yeats's last offer was motivated more by a sense of duty than by a genuine desire to marry her.
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With the assistance of Venezuelan anesthesiologist Pedro Arroyo, Betances performed the first ever surgical procedure under chloroform in Puerto Rico, in November 1862.Ojeda Reyes, Félix, El Desterrado de París, p. 63 At the same time he spent a considerable amount of time serving Mayagüez's disadvantaged on a pro bono basis. He gave many donations to the poor, and because of this he became known as "The Father of the Poor" among "Mayagüezanos" according to his contemporary, Eugenio María de Hostos.
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After MacDhui refuses to help an injured frog found by Geordie McNab, the boy takes the frog to Lori and leaves it for her to heal. One day Thomasina falls ill, so Mary takes her beloved cat to her father expecting him to cure Thomasina. To Mary's shock, MacDhui has his assistant chloroform Thomasina and tells Mary that she's been euthanized. Mary recovers Thomasina's body, and her friend Hughie Stirling suggests giving her the best funeral the village children can arrange.
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Meanwhile, Hunter wakes up alone in the bush and suffering with the effects of the chloroform used to knock him out. Lee explained, "He is disorientated, confused, and he doesn't know where he is. Waking up in the middle of the bush is a terrifying thing to happen to someone." Hunter manages to stumble through the bush until he is within sight of the road, and when he thinks he hears a car approaching he tries to walk towards the sound.
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Alprazolam is a triazole and benzodiazepine derivative substituted with a phenyl group at position 6, with a chlorine atom at position 8 and with a methyl group at position 1. It is an analogue of triazolam, the difference between them being the absence of a chlorine atom in the 'ortho' position of the phenyl ring. It is slightly soluble in chloroform, soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in acetone and insoluble in water.Maryadele J. O'Neil, Ann Smith, Patricia E. Heckelman, Susan Budavari (2013).
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The prosecution stated they discussed Bradley's software discrepancy with Baez on June 27, and he raised the issue in court testimony. Baez also asked Judge Perry to instruct the jury about this search information, but prosecutors disputed this and it was not done.Jacqueline Fell, Mistake in chloroform evidence in Casey Anthony case , Central Florida News 13, July 19, 2011. Also on June 27, the defense called two private investigators who, in November 2008, had searched the area where the body was later found.
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Dissolved load is typically measured by taking samples of water from a river and running various scientific tests on them. First, the pH, conductivity, and bicarbonate alkalinity of the sample are measured. Next, samples are filtered to remove any suspended sediments and preserved with chloroform to prevent growth of microorganisms, while the others are acidified with hydrochloric acid added to keep dissolved ions from precipitating out of solution. Then, various chemical tests were applied to determine the concentration of each solute.
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Some solvents including chloroform and benzene a common ingredient in gasoline are known to be carcinogenic, while many others are considered by the World Health Organization to be likely carcinogens. Solvents can damage internal organs like the liver, the kidneys, the nervous system, or the brain. The cumulative effects of long-term or repeated exposure to solvents are called chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy (CSE). Chronic exposure to organic solvents in the work environment can produce a range of adverse neuropsychiatric effects.
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The Theory of NMR – Solvents for NMR spectroscopy In addition, it is chemically unreactive and unlikely to exchange its deuterium with its solute, and its low boiling point allows for easy sample recovery. The properties of CDCl3 are virtually identical to those of regular chloroform, although biologically, it is slightly less toxic to the liver than CHCl3, due to its C–D bond, which is stronger than a C–H bond, making it somewhat less prone to form the destructive trichloromethyl radical (•CCl3).
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Many organochlorine compounds have been isolated from natural sources ranging from bacteria to humans. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Organochlorides, including dioxins, are produced in the high temperature environment of forest fires, and dioxins have been found in the preserved ashes of lightning-ignited fires that predate synthetic dioxins. In addition, a variety of simple chlorinated hydrocarbons including dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride have been isolated from marine algae.
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The main application of sodium chlorite is the generation of chlorine dioxide for bleaching and stripping of textiles, pulp, and paper. It is also used for disinfection of municipal water treatment plants after conversion to chlorine dioxide. An advantage in this application, as compared to the more commonly used chlorine, is that trihalomethanes (such as chloroform) are not produced from organic contaminants. Chlorine dioxide generated from sodium chlorite is approved by FDA under some conditions for disinfecting water used to wash fruits, vegetables, and poultry.
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Next she slyly poisons a trio of potential rivals by spiking the punch during a refreshment period and then unstraps a female contestant's clothes causing her to run off. She finally frames a male dancer for cheating on his partner, by planting a G-string on his person; this results in his partner slapping him and exiting the dance floor. Ellis-Bextor then turns her attention to the trio of judges. By using what seems to be chloroform, she incapacitates the only female judge on the panel.
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In his third report in 1931 Berger recorded changes in the rhythms with cocaine, morphine, scopolamine, and chloroform. Each chemical elicited different frequency and amplitude patterns and different behaviors. The first clinical applications were in identifying the sudden bursts of high voltage slow frequencies during seizures, both spontaneous and induced by the chemical pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol), by electricity in electroshock, and in the coma induced by insulin. When reserpine was studied in 1953, chlorpromazine in 1954, and imipramine in 1957, individual rhythmic patterns were described.
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The second mask was then used to knock out his first test subject, Cecil, by placing the mask over his head with the chloroform rag still inside. When working on the original Saw film, writer Leigh Whannell and director James Wan wanted their antagonist to have some sort of mask. After some discussion, the idea of Jigsaw wearing a rotting pig's head was chosen to symbolize his pessimistic view of the world and the disease that he was "rotting" from. Amanda wearing the Pig Mask.
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However, one major concern arising from sodium hypochlorite use is that it tends to form persistent chlorinated organic compounds, including known carcinogens, that can be absorbed by organisms and enter the food chain. These compounds may be formed during household storage and use as well during industrial use. For example, when household bleach and wastewater were mixed, 1–2% of the available chlorine was observed to form organic compounds. As of 1994, not all the byproducts had been identified, but identified compounds include chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
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MLA is soluble in chloroform, but does not dissolve well in water. The free base of MLA has not been obtained in crystalline form, and in its amorphous form it melts ultimately at 128 °C; the hydriodide salt has a melting point of 201 °C.; the perchlorate salt melts at 195 °C The citrate salt is the most common form in which MLA is currently available commercially.No citation is given here because the information is date-specific, and because it is inappropriate to endorse any particular supplier.
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González competed as Giant González during his time in the WWF as a villain, and managed by the despised manager, Harvey Wippleman. González grew a beard and wore a full body suit that featured airbrushed muscles with bushy hair attached. He was introduced at the Royal Rumble in January 1993, where he eliminated Wippleman's nemesis The Undertaker from the Royal Rumble match despite not being an official participant. At WrestleMania IX, González lost to The Undertaker by disqualification after he knocked out the Undertaker using chloroform.
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While the inquest was in session the coroner's assistant was conducting the postmortem. He noted that Rheta was mostly undressed at the time of the shooting. Burns around her mouth indicated she had been given chloroform, and powder burns around the wound indicated that the barrel of the gun had been held close to her back. The postmortem also showed she was missing about three quarts of blood, which was not accounted for until the finding of three blood- stained blankets later that day.
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Jason Watkins in Casualty 1906 Casualty 1900s portrays the use of early anesthesia, predominately chloroform and ether, the first standardised use of spinal anesthesia, and the growing need for trained anesthetists. No electronical equipment means doctors have to physically check a patient's pulse during surgery. CPR is largely based on the Silvester Method in which a patient's arms are raised above their head and then back down in an effort to stimulate muscles. With penicillin still undiscovered, infections such as Erysipelas are largely incurable.
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On January 8, 1993, 72-year old Elisabeth Norton wasn't as lucky. According to the prosecutor Kevin Crane, Beishline entered Norton's home, and tried to sell her insurance. As the old lady wasn't fooled, he hit her, submerged her in chloroform, and threw her body in the Missouri River. In his defence, Missouri's state director of the public defense system, Daniel Gralike, said that his client had not intention of murder and that the 16 years of drug abuse had reduced his mental capabilities.
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They also found traces of chloroform in his system. Beishline was also suspected of murdering Irene Miller on December 17, 1992. On September 3, 1992, Miller purchased insurance from Beishline for just over $1,300, but when the old lady was injured in November and made a claim, she was told that no such insurance policy exists. Confronted by another agent, Beishline paid the agency, but on December 16, he received a letter from the vice president of Standard Life Insurances who wanted an explanation for the incident.
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However, Madhan also has another side under the pseudonym Manmadhan, in which he hunts and kills morally corrupt girls in Chennai by seducing them before rendering them unconscious using chloroform. He burns the girls' corpses and stores their ashes in bottles with their respective names. Whenever he intends to kill a girl by seducing her, he suffers a nosebleed. The media attention turns towards the case of missing girls, and Chennai ACP Deva (Atul Kulkarni) takes the charge to find the person behind the crimes.
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The home still stands and is used as a gift shop for the nearby Tryon Palace complex, distinguished with a historical marker. One night, the women claimed someone tried to kill them with chloroform, but they broke a window in their room and took turns breathing fresh air until they were able to summon the guards' attention. Over the next month, Emmeline was scheduled for trial on several occasions, but never went to a hearing. She was unexpectedly released from her incarceration and returned home.
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Early in 1885, they met Dyson as the local Wesleyan minister and he became a frequent visitor. Edwin made Dyson executor of his will, in which he left his entire estate to Adelaide, on condition that she did not remarry (a common stipulation in those days). Later Edwin redrew the will, four months before he died, removing the bar on Adelaide remarrying. Towards the end of 1885, Adelaide asked Dyson to get some chloroform that had been prescribed by the doctor treating Edwin, Dr. Alfred Leach.
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In 1902, several years after he finished medical school, Gwathmey moved to New York City and started practicing medicine. During this first year in New York, Gwathmey completed training in surgery and anesthesia at the New York Skin and Cancer Hospital. At the time, medical specialists whose sole job was to administer anesthesia did not exist, and as a resident Gwathmey practiced giving anesthesia alongside the rest of his training. While at the hospital, he made improvements on the Bennett Inhaler, an early self- administered chloroform device.
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The film opens in 1972 with a single mother and her two children (a teenage son and nine-year-old daughter) running a boarding house. The mother is hurt in a car accident and hospitalized. As a birthday present, her son and his band drive her Pink Cadillac to Cleveland, Ohio to kidnap her favorite singer, Elvis Presley. He gets the owner of a local pizzeria, who looks eerily like Elvis' mother, to pose as his mother's ghost as a distraction, and then drugs Elvis with chloroform.
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Mace Head is renowned for their atmospheric chemistry research, as they measure numerous meteorological elements such as wind speed and direction, temperature, rainfall, and humidity. They also record and measure greenhouse gases, UV levels, and solar radiation. Mace Head began measuring the ozone since 1988, chloroform, methane and trichloro trifluoroethane in 1897, and carbon monoxide and hydrogen began in 1995. Mark Lunt measured chlorofluorobarbon (CFC), and Jurgita Ovadnevaite reported on the aerosol-cloud and climate interactions at Mace head, specifically the major advances in sea salt aerosols.
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The traditional method of gel extraction involves creating a folded pocket of Parafilm wax paper and placing the agarose fragment inside. The agarose is physically compressed with a finger into a corner of the pocket, partially liquifying the gel and its contents. The liquid droplets can then be directed out of the pocket onto an exterior piece of Parafilm, where they are pipetted into a small tube. A butanol extraction removes the ethidium bromide stain, followed by a phenol/chloroform extraction of the cleaned DNA fragment.
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Dinh HL, Hori K, Quang NH. Screening and preliminary characterization of hemagglutinins in Vietnamese marine algae. J Appl Phycol 2009; 21(1): 89-97. In addition, the chloroform fraction of a methanol extract of Avrainvillea erecta exhibited hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity as strong as that shown by gallic acid.Chai TT, Kwek MT, Mohd Ismail NI, Ooi JLS, Yang Amri A, Abd Manan F, Law YC, Wong FC.(2015) Antioxidant activities of methanol extract and solventfractions of marine macroalga, Avrainvillea erecta (Berkeley) A. Gepp and E.S. Gepp (Dichotomosiphonaceae).
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Its melting point lies between 235 and 242 degrees Celsius and the compound is soluble in alcohol, acetone and slightly in chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Since convallatoxin is structurally similar to digoxin, research has been done to determine if convallatoxin in serum can be detected with LOCI digoxin assays. This showed that the compound has significant cross-reactivity with the used antibody and that it causes bidirectional interference in the digoxin assay. So, convallatoxin can indeed be detected with a LOCI digoxin assay.
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Momordicin-28 or 13-hydroxy-28-methoxy-urs-11-en-3-one is a triterpene compound with formula found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia).Sabira Begum, Mansour Ahmed, Bina S. Siddiqui, Abdullah Khan, Zafar S. Saify, and Mohammed Arif (1997), Triterpenes, a sterol and a monocyclic alcohol from Momordica charantia. Phytochemistry, volume 44, issue 7, pages 1313-1320 The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and chloroform but not in petrol. It crystallizes as fine needles that melt at 121−122 °C.
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Buformin hydrochloride is a fine, white to slightly yellow, crystalline, odorless powder, with a weakly acidic bitter taste. Its melting point is 174 to 177 °C, it is a strong base, and is freely soluble in water, methanol and ethanol, but insoluble in chloroform and ether. Toxicity: guinea pig LD50 subcutaneous 18 mg/kg; mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 140 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg oral. The log octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) is -1.20E+00; its water solubility is 7.46E+05 mg/l at 25 °C.
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Beth invites Martin to a party at the specimens division, where he learns that the mutated dog is still kept alive and studied. Thinking Beth is aware of the dog's imprisonment, Martin argues with her, leaves the party, and goes to the animal's holding pen. The deformed dog, in terrible pain, still remembers Martin, and he tearfully euthanizes it with chloroform. Martin reconciles with Beth and rearrives at his father's "eureka" moment when he realizes the Telepods' computer need to be creative to analyze living flesh.
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RNA is transcribed from genomic DNA in host cells and is extracted by first lysing cells then purifying RNA utilizing widely-used methods such as phenol- chloroform, silica column, and bead-based RNA extraction methods. Extraction methods vary depending on the source material. For example, extracting RNA from plant tissue requires additional reagents, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), to remove phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and other compounds that will otherwise render RNA unusable. To remove DNA and proteins, enzymes such as DNase and Proteinase K are used for degradation.
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Most methods of lipid extraction and isolation from biological samples exploit the high solubility of hydrocarbon chains in organic solvents. Given the diversity in lipid classes, it is not possible to accommodate all classes with a common extraction method. The traditional Bligh/Dyer procedure uses chloroform/methanol-based protocols that include phase partitioning into the organic layer. These protocols work relatively well for a wide variety of physiologically relevant lipids but they have to be adapted for complex lipid chemistries and low-abundance and labile lipid metabolites.
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ISCR is a relatively new type of ground water remediation technology. The most work on this method of remediation has been done in the past 10–15 years, so there are still many gaps in the understanding of the chemistry behind this process. The development of ISCR started out when K.H. Sweeny conducted research with zero-valent copper and iron in the late 1970s. He was able to treat a number of different chlorinated substances such as DDT, endrin, chloroform, and hexachlorocyclopentadiene to name a few.
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It was considered unpleasant and uncomfortable for a pregnant woman to work at an abortion clinic, so Burns then left her job. Before she left, she stole a satchel of medical equipment, as well as bottles of chloroform and quinine, which she took home with her. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake radically altered the city, as many people lost their professions, homes, or loved ones. During the earthquake, Burns quickly ran out of her apartment, grabbing the medical equipment that she had stolen from West's office.
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Gatty was the mother of Juliana Horatia Ewing, also a writer of children's books, of the musician and author Charles Tindal Gatty, and of Alfred Scott-Gatty who served as Garter Principal King of Arms. Gatty suffered from ill health for most of her life, possibly from undiagnosed multiple sclerosis. Her frequent illnesses brought close friendship with Dr George Johnston, who was noted for advocating pain-relieving medication. He advised her to use chloroform during childbirth and Gatty became the first woman in Sheffield to do so.
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The Human Touch is a play by Dudley Leslie and J. Lee Thompson. After premiering at the Liverpool Playhouse in May 1948, it later had a West End run of 113 performances at the Savoy Theatre between February and June 1949. The cast included Alec Guinness, John Gregson, John Laurie, Milton Rosmer, Kynaston Reeves, Sophie Stewart and Adrienne Corri. Guinness starred as a doctor who pioneers the use of chloroform as an anaesthetic during operations, but meets with huge resistance from established medical figures.
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Diphenyl ketene is at room temperature an orange-colored to red oil (with the color of concentrated potassium dichromate solution) which is miscible with nonpolar organic solvents (such as diethyl ether, acetone, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform) and solidifies in the cold forming yellow crystals. The compound is easily oxidized by air but can be stored in tightly closed containers at 0 °C for several weeks without decomposition or in a nitrogen atmosphere with the addition of a small amount of hydroquinone as a polymerization inhibitor.
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Carol tells him to arrest Sam Stone for murdering his wife. Benton orders a search of Sam's house, planning to plant evidence, but is surprised when real evidence turns up—a bottle of chloroform Sam intended to use to sedate his wife, and pictures of Sam with Carol. The kidnapping investigation, which has led to Ken by now, is immediately called off, and Sam is arrested. Sam now faces the unhappy prospect of having to get his wife back in order to prove his innocence.
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Zirconium perchlorate is very hydroscopic forming hydrates, and it is hydrolysed by water to yield zirconyl perchlorate, ZrO(ClO4)2. Zirconium perchlorate reacts with vaseline, methyl nitrate or acetonitrile. Zirconium perchlorate is inert towards carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and dimethylformamide. Zirconium perchlorate reacts with benzene at 20°C, but at -10°C crystals of Zr(ClO4)4•C6H6 are deposited. Zirconium perchlorate has solid state transition around 45°C, a melting point between 95.5 and 96.0°C and a decomposition point starting around 120°C.
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MacDonald joined 37 other runners that day and ran as part of the top 4 for most of the race. Unfortunately, MacDonald was seized with cramps and had to retire from the race, reported to be due to a sponge soaked with chloroform he unknowingly accepted from a spectator. MacDonald returned to the Boston Marathon in 1902. He and Sammy Mellor were favoured; MacDonald had finished 10 seconds faster than Mellor in the previous year’s Thanksgiving Day Around-the-Bay Race in Hamilton, Ontario.
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Sydney clerk Kendall Curtis disappears on the day of his marriage to Vera with a sum of money belonging to his employer, the firm of Hardgoods, Hopkins and Co. His general manager, Horace Wakefield, persuades Vera to marry him instead. It turns out that Wakefield is leading a double life as a bookie, Doods Dodson. And that Wakefield had arranged for Curtis to be robbed on the way to the ceremony, drugged with chloroform, and dumped on a boat to Melbourne. Wakefield/Doods then kills Vera's father.
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His better known publications were a treatise on pelvic tissue diseases called Die Krankheiten des Beckenbindegewebes, and an 1896 work on diseases of the female sex organs titled Die Erkrankungen der weiblichen Geschlechtsorgane, the latter being co-authored with Rudolf Chrobak. Rosthorn is credited with the design of a specialized mask for application of chloroform anesthesia. Vienna Virtual Museum of the History of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Rostorn's wife was the opera singer Helene Wiet whom he married in 1899.Kornberger, Monika (2015).
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Ergosterol, a chemical isolated from P. ellipsoideus The fruit bodies of both Phellinus and Fomitiporia species have seen use in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal cancer and heart disease.Lifeng, Bao, Bau, Liu and Cui 2012, p. 1482 In 2011, research into the chemistry of P. ellipsoideus was published in the journal Mycosystema by Cui, along with Hai-Ying Bao and Bao-Kai Liu of the Jilin Agricultural University. The research discussed how several chemical compounds could be isolated from P. ellipsoideus with petroleum ether and (after defatting) chloroform.
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1977, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection persuaded Chester Hills Incorporated to install two wells for observation and sampling of groundwater on the site. These wells proved that not only did groundwater contamination exist, but had most likely spread to local water sources. In 1981, samples taken from 90 potable wells were taken, and most contained a list of contaminates including but not limited to benzene, chloroform, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, as well as other volatile organic compounds (EPA, Site Review and Update, 1-3).
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Marie Rennotte - Physician and Feminist Marie Rennotte (1852–1942) A native Belgian and naturalized Brazilian teacher and physician, who was active in the fight for women's rights. Rennotte directed the obstetrics and maternity unit of the Maternity Hospital of São Paulo. In 1901, she was admitted as a member of the São Paulo branch of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute. She conducted research at the surgery of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia on the effects of chloroform as an anesthetic from 1906 to 1910.
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Example of a full- grown treeThe hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves of C. revoluta shows the presence of alkaloids, steroids and tannins while the chloroform extract shows the presence of saponins, tannins and sugars.Leaves Of Cycas revoluta: Potent Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Agent. Manoj K Mourya, Archana Prakash, Ajay Swami, Gautam K Singh and Abhishek Mathur, World Journal of Science and Technology, 2011, Vol 1, No 10, pages 11-20 (article) Leaflets also contain biflavonoids.Phytochemical Investigation of Cycas circinalis and Cycas revoluta Leaflets: Moderately Active Antibacterial Biflavonoids.
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A subsequent investigation led by the District Attorney of New York resulted in the arrests of Patrick and of Rice's butler and valet Charles F. Jones, who had been persuaded to administer chloroform to Rice while he slept. Court action would later prove that Jones and Patrick had conspired to murder Rice on September 23. The will was proved a forgery. Patrick was sentenced to death, spending four years on death row at Sing Sing Prison before having his sentence commuted by Governor Frank Higgins in 1906.
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However, when Ryan learned Phoebe and the rest of the Braxtons were out for the day, he gained entry to the house and placed a camera in Phoebe's bedroom. Later, when Ryan noticed Phoebe was home alone, he broke in again and waited for Phoebe behind the door. When she entered the room, Ryan came up behind her and placed a cloth soaked in chloroform over her mouth, before kidnapping her. Ryan tied Phoebe to a chair and told her he wanted to save her.
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The isolation of arglabin was first reported in 1982 by Adekenov et al. It is isolated from the epigeal portion of the Artemisia glabella plant, also known as a smooth wormwood, commonly found in the Kent mountains of Kazakhstan. Arglabin can also be found in A. myiantha, a plant commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Adekenov et. al analyzed chloroform extracts and found that the new sesquiterpene lactone had a melting point of 100-102 °C, a molecular composition of C15H18O3, and [α]20D +45.6.
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When the cohesive forces between like molecules are greater than the adhesive forces between dissimilar molecules, the dissimilarities of polarity leads both components to escape solution more easily. Therefore, the vapor pressure is greater than expected from the Raoult's law, showing positive deviation. If the deviation is large, then the vapor pressure curve shows a maximum at a particular composition and form a positive azeotrope. Some mixtures in which this happens are (1) benzene and methanol, (2) carbon disulfide and acetone, and (3) chloroform and ethanol.
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Solubility of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in water is 14 g/L at 25 °C, increasing to 55 g/L at 70 °C. Solubility is better in less polar solvents: 1:30 in ethanol, 1:1 in chloroform and diethylether, and practically unlimited in petroleum ether (25 °C). It also is highly soluble in glycerol, although this is a rather polar solvent. It is also highly soluble in xylene, oleic acid, acetone, diacetone alcohol, methanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, furfurol, and vegetable oils.
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The Curtisite variety is only slightly soluble in hot acetone, amyl acetate, butanol, petroleum ether. The solubility is 0.5% or less in hot carbon bisulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, diethyl ether, or boiling benzene; about 1.5% in toluene, about 2.5% in xylene, and over 10% in hot aniline. The material purified by repeated recrystallization melts at 360-370 C while turning very black. It sublimes giving very thin iridescent colors. Raman spectroscopy studies indicate that it may be a mixture of complex hydrocarbons including benzonaphthothiophenes (chemical formula: C16H10S) and dinaphthothiophenes (chemical formula: C20H12S).
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If a Union warship discovered a blockade runner, it fired signal rockets in the direction of its course to alert other ships. The runners adapted to such tactics by firing their own rockets in different directions to confuse Union warships. In November 1864, a wholesaler in Wilmington asked his agent in the Bahamas to stop sending so much chloroform and instead send "essence of cognac" because that perfume would sell "quite high". Confederate patriots held rich blockade runners in contempt for profiteering on luxuries while the soldiers were in rags.
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Bayliss's barrister, Rufus Isaacs, called Starling as his first witness. Starling admitted that he had broken the law by using the dog twice, but said that he had done so to avoid sacrificing two dogs. Bayliss testified that the dog had been given one-and-a-half grains of morphia earlier in the day, then six ounces of alcohol, chloroform and ether, delivered from an ante room to a tube connected to the dog's trachea. The tubes were fragile, he said, and had the dog been struggling they would have broken.
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The old man stabs Malik in the legs and then knocks him out with chloroform. Malik and Gen wake up back in the room filled with dead bodies, and after they each painfully remove the barbed wire binding their wrists, Gen discovers a small, narrow tunnel. They crawl under it and end up in the house of the old man. In the house they find a bedroom covered with newspaper clippings about a teenager named Zee who was murdered years earlier in the tunnels; the old man was a suspect in the killing.
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Acetone was also used to manufacture chloroform for anesthetic uses. Other products included common methylated spirits and denatured alcohol. The Warburton railway line had opened to the Yarra Valley in 1901 enabled chemical products to be shipped to markets. The later advent of electricity from Victoria’s vast brown coalfields in the Latrobe Valley after the war drastically reduced the demand for charcoal. It wasn’t until the second world war and the shortage of petrol that Victoria once again looked to charcoal as a fuel and the Forest Commission built Kurth Kiln at nearby Gembrook.
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Diphenyl-2-pyridylmethane behaves in coordination complexes with metal cations in the same way as pyridine, with the aromatic nitrogen potentially forming a bond to the metal. In this case, the bulky and lipophilic diphenylmethyl substituent means that the resulting complex may be appreciably soluble in organic solvents like chloroform and benzene. This ability to transfer metal cations from water into non-miscible solvents has been exploited to extract thiocyanate complexes for example of silver, gold, cobalt and zinc; in some cases in the presence of other metals which were retained in the aqueous phase.
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These hospitals were manned by the Medical Staff Corps and provided services to the British expedition to China in 1860. The ships provided relatively spacious accommodation for the patients and were equipped with an operating theatre. Another early example of a hospital ship was in the 1860s, which aided the wounded soldiers of both sides during the American Civil War. During the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78), the British Red Cross supplied a steel-hulled ship, equipped with modern surgery equipment including chloroform and other anaesthetics and carbolic acid for antisepsis.
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Metformin hydrochloride (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride) is freely-soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, but almost insoluble in acetone, ether, or chloroform. The pKa of metformin is 12.4. The usual synthesis of metformin, originally described in 1922, involves the one-pot reaction of dimethylamine hydrochloride and 2-cyanoguanidine over heat. 300px According to the procedure described in the 1975 Aron patent, and the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia, equimolar amounts of dimethylamine and 2-cyanoguanidine are dissolved in toluene with cooling to make a concentrated solution, and an equimolar amount of hydrogen chloride is slowly added.
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An economical semisynthesis of progesterone from the plant steroid diosgenin isolated from yams was developed by Russell Marker in 1940 for the Parke-Davis pharmaceutical company. This synthesis is known as the Marker degradation. Additional semisyntheses of progesterone have also been reported starting from a variety of steroids. For the example, cortisone can be simultaneously deoxygenated at the C-17 and C-21 position by treatment with iodotrimethylsilane in chloroform to produce 11-keto-progesterone (ketogestin), which in turn can be reduced at position-11 to yield progesterone.
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The ruins of Layd Church (grid ref:324428), a Franciscan foundation possibly partially from the 13th century, are found 1.5 km north of Cushendall. They are also accessible by a cliff path from Cushendall, as well as by road. There are old vaults in the churchyard and it was one of the main burial places of the MacDonnells. There is a stone cross memorial to Dr James MacDonnell, one of the organisers of the last Belfast Festival of Harpists in 1792 and pioneer of the use of chloroform in surgery.
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The Schimmelbusch mask The Schimmelbusch mask is an open breathing system for delivering an anesthetic. The device was invented by Curt Schimmelbusch in 1889, and was used until the 1950s (though it is still applied in some developing countries). The device consists of a wire frame which is covered with several beds of gauze and applied to the patient's face over the mouth and nose. Then high-volatility anesthetic (usually diethyl ether or halothane, and historically chloroform) is dripped on it, allowing the patient to inhale a mix of the evaporated anesthetic and air.
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When Kong discovers Jack and Dwan escaping, he violently kills the snake and chases them through the jungle back to the native village. Smashing down the huge gates, Kong falls into a pit trap that Wilson and the crew have dug, where he is overwhelmed by chloroform. The trap had been set because Wilson, having learned that the island contains minimal commercial oil, has decided to salvage the expedition by transporting the captive Kong to America as a promotional tool for Petrox. Kong is loaded in the cargo hold and transported to the United States.
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Activated charcoal may be beneficial, but its benefit remains unproven, to note its use should be avoided in any patient with a tenuous airway or altered mental status. Seizures are controlled by anticonvulsants, such as phenobarbital or diazepam, along with muscle relaxants such as dantrolene to combat muscle rigidity. Historically chloroform or heavy doses of chloral, bromide, urethane or amyl nitrite were used to restrain the convulsions. Because medications such as diazepam are not effective to relieve convulsions in all cases, concurrent use of barbiturates and/or propofol can be utilized.
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Once the DNA is free, it can be separated from all other cellular components. After the DNA has been separated in solution, the remaining cellular debris can then be removed from the solution and discarded, leaving only DNA. The most common methods of DNA extraction include organic extraction (also called phenol chloroform extraction), Chelex extraction, and solid phase extraction. Differential extraction is a modified version of extraction in which DNA from two different types of cells can be separated from each other before being purified from the solution.
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Sequence library construction can be performed using a variety of different kits depending on the high-throughput sequencing platform being employed. However, there are several common steps for small RNA sequencing preparation. Total RNA Isolation In a given sample all the RNA is extracted and isolated using an isothiocyanate/phenol/chloroform (GITC/phenol) method or a commercial product such as Trizol (Invitrogen) reagent. A starting quantity of 50-100 μg total RNA, 1 g of tissue typically yields 1 mg of total RNA, is usually required for gel purification and size selection.
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For comparison, megaphone acetate was also produced synthetically by reacting megaphone with acetic anhydride at 50 °C for 6 hours. Stirring an alcoholic solution of megaphone (megaphone acetate), with added palladium catalyst, in hydrogen atmosphere, followed by evaporation of the solvent yields tetrahydromegaphone (tetrahydromegaphone acetate) as an oil. Millimeter-sized crystals of megaphone can be grown from an ether- chloroform solution. They have monoclinic symmetry with space group P21, lattice constants a = 0.8757 nm, b = 1.1942 nm and c = 1.0177 nm and two formula units per unit cell.
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Pristane is a natural saturated terpenoid alkane obtained primarily from shark liver oil, from which its name is derived (Latin pristis, "shark"). It is also found in the stomach oil of birds in the order Procellariiformes and in mineral oil and some foods. Pristane and phytane are used in the fields of geology and environmental science as biomarkers to characterize origins and evolution of petroleum hydrocarbons and coal. It is a transparent oily liquid that is immiscible with water, but soluble in diethyl ether, benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
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4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, also known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid is primarily known as the basis for the preparation of its esters, known as parabens, which are used as preservatives in cosmetics and some ophthalmic solutions. It is isomeric with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, known as salicylic acid, a precursor to aspirin, and with 3-hydroxybenzoic acid.
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She furnished a series of "Letters from New York" to the Boston Traveller and wrote essays for the Religious Magazine. Then, for the New York Quarterly, she did much book reviewing. She also wrote for the Constellation, edited by Park Benjamin Sr. In 1854, she wrote and published the history of the town of Newburyport, and a scientific work on the use of ether and chloroform applied to practical dentistry. She wrote the first considerable criticisms of Dickens' early novels as they appeared, and also the early works of George William Curtis.
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She would usually be shown pushing and throwing enemies or using creativity to get them to somehow knock themselves out (such as jumping high into the air to cause pursuers to collide). Despite the wartime setting, she almost never resorted to deadly force. The only exception occurs in the pilot episode when she sinks a German U-boat by crashing an airplane into it, presumably killing everyone aboard. Wonder Woman herself was occasionally overpowered by chloroform and poison gas, but she always came back in the second half of the show to save the day.
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The Chilobwe Murders Trial, pp. 369–70. It has been suggested that the downfall in 1976 of Albert Muwalo, a cabinet minister who was later executed, and of Focus Gwede, Head of the Police Special Branch, (who was sentenced to death, but reprieved), resulted from their being implicated in the Chilobwe murders. Informers accused both men of trying to discredit Banda by spreading the politically damaging rumours of Malawi Government involvement in the murders. It was also claimed that Gomile Kumtamanji, as Minister of Health, had access to chloroform, used to silence the victims.
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MNase-seq does not measure chromatin accessibility as directly as FAIRE-seq. However, unlike FAIRE-seq, it does not necessarily require crosslinking, nor does it rely on sonication, but it may require phenol and chloroform extraction. Two major disadvantages of FAIRE-seq, relative to the other three classes, are the minimum required input of 100,000 cells and the reliance on crosslinking. Crosslinking may bind other chromatin-bound proteins that transiently interact with DNA, hence limiting the amount of non-crosslinked DNA that can be recovered and assayed from the aqueous phase.
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Several diterpenes and other secondary metabolites are present in D. bartayresiana. The methanolic and chloroform extracts of the seaweed exhibit antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the petroleum extract exhibits a similar effect against Morganella morganii. The methanolic extract is also effective as a larvicide against the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus, and shows toxicity to the nauplii larvae of brine shrimps, a proxy for antitumour activity. This means that the seaweed shows promise as a broad spectrum antibacterial, a larvicide and a cytotoxic substance.
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In 2012 the isolation of the so-called Breslow intermediate was reported.Chemists Approach Elusive Breslow Intermediate Carmen Drahl In 1960, Hans-Werner Wanzlick and co-workers conjectured that carbenes derived from dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene were produced by vacuum pyrolysis of the corresponding 2-trichloromethyl dihydroimidazole compounds with the loss of chloroform. They conjectured that the carbene existed in equilibrium with its dimer, a tetraaminoethylene derivative, the so-called Wanzlick equilibrium. This conjecture was challenged by Lemal and co-workers in 1964, who presented evidence that the dimer did not dissociate; and by Winberg in 1965.
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9 in the list of the most highly cited papers in the history of Science.Nature list of 100 top-cited papers in the History of Science The technique he developed for purifying the brain lipids is still referred to as "Folching" and is one of the most cited papers in the history of biochemistry. Folch solution is a solution containing chloroform and methanol, usually in a 2:1 (vol/vol) ratio. One of its uses is in separating polar from nonpolar compounds, for example separating nonpolar lipids from polar proteins and carbohydrates in blood serum.
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Two funnels: A - Cone, or Pear-shaped, B - cylindrical. Pear-shaped separatory funnel A separatory funnel, also known as a separation funnel, separating funnel, or colloquially sep funnel, is a piece of laboratory glassware used in liquid-liquid extractions to separate (partition) the components of a mixture into two immiscible solvent phases of different densities. Typically, one of the phases will be aqueous, and the other a lipophilic organic solvent such as ether, MTBE, dichloromethane, chloroform, or ethyl acetate. All of these solvents form a clear delineation between the two liquids.
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In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. She was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous.Hibbert, pp. 216–217; St Aubyn, pp. 257–258 Victoria may have suffered from postnatal depression after many of her pregnancies.
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The United States Environmental Protection Agency has set Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for bromate, chlorite, haloacetic acids and total trihalomethanes (TTHMs). In Europe, the level of TTHMs has been set at 100 micrograms per litre, and the level for bromate to 10 micrograms per litre, under the Drinking Water Directive. No guideline values have been set for HAAs in Europe. The World Health Organization has established guidelines for several DBPs, including bromate, bromodichloromethane, chlorate, chlorite, chloroacetic acid, chloroform, cyanogen chloride, dibromoacetonitrile, dibromochloromethane, dichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetonitrile, NDMA, and trichloroacetic acid.
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While all of the above is happening, Louis continues to narrate. At certain points he is visited by a mysterious creature covered in seaweed. Louis visits the creature in a cave, and it is revealed to be Louis's manifestation of Peter, who was found dead in a cave covered in seaweed. One day, while waking up from a nap, Allan is told by another doctor that not only did he sleepwalk during his nap, but he also wrote a prescription for Natalie, for dangerous doses of insulin and chloroform.
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Edmund Andrews Andrews was for many years a member of the American Medical Association, Michigan State Medical Society, Illinois State Medical Society, the Chicago Medical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Chicago Academy of Science, Wisconsin Academy of Science, etc. For a number of years he was a trustee of Northwestern University. He contributed largely to medical literature. Andrews collected and published statistics of 92,815 cases of ether anesthesia and 117,078 cases of chloroform anesthesia, showing the relative risk in the use of these two agents.
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Having accidentally dropped some chloroform on his face, Cesar makes a desperate attempt to leave the apartment quietly but realizes he has the wrong keys to the apartment leaving him locked inside. Cesar waking up in Clara’s shower begins to worry as Marcos had found Cesar’s sports bag with many suspicious items. Marcos catching Cesar trying to sneak out of the apartment he begins explaining his reason for being there. Successfully deceiving them, he leaves the apartment and heads downstairs only to find out he is gonna be vacated.
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Momordicilin or 24-[1′-hydroxy,1′-methyl-2′-pentenyloxyl]-ursan-3-one is a chemical compound, a triterpenoid with formula , found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia).Sabira Begum, Mansour Ahmed, Bina S. Siddiqui, Abdullah Khan, Zafar S. Saify, and Mohammed Arif (1997), Triterpenes, a sterol and a monocyclic alcohol from Momordica charantia. Phytochemistry, volume 44, issue 7, pages 1313-1320 The compound is soluble in ethyl acetate and chloroform but not in petrol. It crystallizes as needles that melt at 170−171 °C.
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Opening her own practice after she resigned from the Maternity Hospital, she operated a dispensary for the poor and immigrant communities, while continuing to see paying patients. In 1901, she was admitted as a member of the São Paulo branch of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute. She conducted research at the surgery of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia on the effects of chloroform as an anesthetic from 1906 to 1910. Then she traveled to Europe to study how to establish a Red Cross Branch in São Paulo.
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When almond oil is analyzed separately and expressed per 100 grams as a reference mass, the oil provides of food energy, 8 grams of saturated fat (81% of which is palmitic acid), 70 grams of oleic acid, and 17 grams of linoleic acid (oil table). Oleum amygdalae, the fixed oil, is prepared from either sweet or bitter almonds, and is a glyceryl oleate with a slight odour and a nutty taste. It is almost insoluble in alcohol but readily soluble in chloroform or ether. Almond oil is obtained from the dried kernel of almonds.
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ABC News applied the Freedom of Information Act to obtain footage from a 1976 United States government film showing trucks dumping "raw chemical waste" at Kin-Buc Landfill near Edison, New Jersey. Kin-Buc was allegedly subject to "frequent fires, which sent noxious smoke over the surrounding community." The film further shows that the nearby Raritan River has been contaminated by PCBs, chloroform, benzene, and mercury. However, due to the shutdown of Kin-Buc, there were no legal toxic waste dumps available to direct new waste to, nor to use for cleaning up Kin-Buc.
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Victory V is a British brand of liquorice-flavoured lozenges. Originally manufactured in Nelson, Lancashire, they were devised by Thomas Fryer and Edward Smith MD in 1864 and were initially made by hand to ensure that each sweet contained the correct amount of therapeutic ingredients; ether, liquorice and chloroform. In 1959, a film was produced by Red Rose Films called The Story of Victory-V, documenting the production of Victory V lozenges and other products of the Nelson Victory V factory. In the 1960s they acquired the Alverthorpe firm of A.Talbot and Son.
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Once properly identified, her family and some Los Angeles authorities took a train to see her. Her statement taken in the Douglas Hospital explained that while on the beach near Los Angeles, a young couple approached and asked her to come pray for their sick child. When she went with them and looked in on the bundle in the back seat of an automobile, they shoved her into their car. At the same time a cloth was held over her face loaded with a sickly sweet substance, later speculated to be chloroform with an additive.
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EA-3990's CAS is 110913-95-6, mass 718.7 g/mol, melting point 190–191 °C, density 1.33 g/cm3, vapor pressure is negligible, and it is soluble in alcohols, acetic acid and chloroform. It is a white, odorless crystalline solid. EA-3990 evaporates slowly in to the air; thus it can be classified as being extremely persistent in the environment if any possible effects of external factors like sun light and water (air humidity) upon it are neglected. Various other salts than just bromine salts have been reported.
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They were best known for their extravagant parties and were associated with such places as the Café Royal and The Cave of the Golden Calf, London's first nightclub. The group made a common pledge to be "unafraid of words, unshocked by drink, and unashamed of 'decadence' and gambling". The group reveled in drink, blasphemy, gambling, drug-taking, chloroform ("chlorers") sniffing, and other kinds of decadent behaviour. While the group's principal purpose was the pursuit of pleasure, their default attitude was one of cynical heartlessness, that at times was downright cruel.
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It is soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene and chloroform. Rosin consists mainly of abietic acid, and combines with caustic alkalis to form salts (rosinates or pinates) that are known as rosin soaps. In addition to its extensive use in soap making, rosin is largely employed in making varnishes (including fine violin varnishes), sealing wax and various adhesives. It is also used for preparing shoemakers' wax, for pitching lager beer casks, and numerous other purposes such as providing backing surfaces to tin ware, copper ware, or even silver and gold vessels when embossing or engraving them.
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Ethanol is a versatile solvent, miscible with water and with many organic solvents, including acetic acid, acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol, glycerol, nitromethane, pyridine, and toluene. Its main use as a solvent is in making tincture of iodine,cough syrups etc. It is also miscible with light aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as pentane and hexane, and with aliphatic chlorides such as trichloroethane and tetrachloroethylene. Ethanol's miscibility with water contrasts with the immiscibility of longer-chain alcohols (five or more carbon atoms), whose water miscibility decreases sharply as the number of carbons increases.
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Chloromethane was first synthesized by the French chemists Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Eugene Peligot in 1835 by boiling a mixture of methanol, sulfuric acid, and sodium chloride. This method is similar to that used today. Chloromethane is produced commercially by treating methanol with hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride, according to the chemical equation: :CH3OH + HCl → CH3Cl + H2O A smaller amount of chloromethane is produced by treating a mixture of methane with chlorine at elevated temperatures. This method, however, also produces more highly chlorinated compounds such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride.
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Lumír Hanuš, Saleh Abu-Lafi, Ester Fride, Aviva Breuer, Zvi Vogel, Deborah E. Shalev, Irina Kustanovich, and Raphael Mechoulam found the endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) in 2000. The discovery was 100 gram of porcine brain, (approximately a single brain) was added to a mixture of 200 mL of chloroform and 200 mL of methanol and mixed in a laboratory blender for 2 minutes. 100 mL of Water was then added, and the mixing process continued for another minute. After this, the mixture was filtered.
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The synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene has already been reported in 1865 from benzene and excess bromine in a sealed tube at 150 °C. However, the clearly reduced melting point of about 160 °C indicates impurities in the final product. In his 1885 dissertation, Adolf Scheufelen published the synthesis of a purer sample using iron(III) chloride FeCl as a catalyst, isolated as "pretty needles" ("schönen Nadeln"). Synthese von 1,2,4,5-Tetrabrombenzol The synthesis can also be carried out in solution in chloroform or tetrachloromethane and yields 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene in 89% yield.
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Ridgway, who was offered a lift by Obara, was drugged; this led to chloroform-related liver failure and brain death. Obara's culpability was exposed when, while using an alias (Nishita), he had taken an unconscious Ridgway to the hospital claiming shellfish (oyster)-related food poisoning. Ridgway died after life-support was stopped at her family's request; she was then cremated and repatriated to Australia. The cause of death was initially deemed hepatitis E, and there was no support for an investigation by the embassy or Japanese police as requested by the family.
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Liquid acetic acid is a hydrophilic (polar) protic solvent, similar to ethanol and water. With a moderate relative static permittivity (dielectric constant) of 6.2, it dissolves not only polar compounds such as inorganic salts and sugars, but also non-polar compounds such as oils as well as polar solutes. It is miscible with polar and non-polar solvents such as water, chloroform, and hexane. With higher alkanes (starting with octane), acetic acid is not miscible at all compositions, and solubility of acetic acid in alkanes declines with longer n-alkanes.
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During his police interrogation, James Fagone revealed that he and Larissa Schuster were responsible for the disappearance and murder of Timothy Schuster. James admitted that on the night of July 9, 2003, he and Larissa lured Tim from his home. The pair then used chloroform and a stun gun to incapacitate Tim, then disposed of his unconscious body in a 55-gallon barrel, and attempted to dissolve his body with hydrochloric acid. With a search warrant, police searched Larissa Schuster's storage unit where they found the barrel with the liquefied remains of her husband.
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He has cotton wool, chloroform and a post-kidnap note ready to plant. When Waverly and the Inspector dash outside to see what is happening, the boy is taken by car through a now unguarded gate. They hear the village clock chiming twelve and realise that the main clock in the house had been set forward ten minutes. The tramp claims Tredwell employed him but the butler has an alibi for the time that he was said to meet the tramp: he was in the house with Mr. Waverly.
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Normal–phase chromatography was one of the first kinds of HPLC that chemists developed. Also known as normal-phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) this method separates analytes based on their affinity for a polar stationary surface such as silica, hence it is based on analyte ability to engage in polar interactions (such as hydrogen-bonding or dipole-dipole type of interactions) with the sorbent surface. NP-HPLC uses a non-polar, non-aqueous mobile phase (e.g., Chloroform), and works effectively for separating analytes readily soluble in non-polar solvents.
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Nozoe, T.; Someya, T. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1978 , 51 , 3316. or 2-chlorotropone can be made from tropolone and then reacted with the appropriate diamine to give diaminodiketones 2. These diketones then give dialkoxydiimines 3 by treatment with dimethyl sulfate in refluxing toluene, or with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate in refluxing chloroform/hexamethylphosphoramide. The resulting dialkoxides can then undergo amine displacement and ring closure at 25 °C to form tropocoronands 4. Reported yields in the cyclization are generally in the range of 20 – 40%, but only 2% when m = n = 2.
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He was admitted as a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in London in 1820.Tenbury Wells and the Teme Valley 2007 p3 After qualifying, he began his medical career in 1821, in Ludlow and in early 1823 he began some rather gruesome animal experiments in anaesthesia. He would make the animal insensible, effectively via almost suffocating it with carbon dioxide, then amputate a part of the animal to see whether the animal could feel pain under this 'anaesthesia'. Later scientists used nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform to achieve similar effects.
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The drawover vaporizer is driven by negative pressure developed by the patient, and must therefore have a low resistance to gas flow. Its performance depends on the minute volume of the patient: its output drops with increasing minute ventilation. The design of the drawover vaporizer is much simpler: in general it is a simple glass reservoir mounted in the breathing attachment. Drawover vaporizers may be used with any liquid volatile agent (including older agents such as diethyl ether or chloroform, although it would be dangerous to use desflurane).
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On October 31, 2005, a man wearing a New York City Fire Department uniform set off two smoke bombs in the lobby of a West 24th street building in Chelsea where his victim lived. He then knocked on the door of the victim's apartment and told her he was there to check for smoke damage. As soon as the victim let him in, the man shoved a chloroform- laced rag into her face. For the next 13 hours, she went in and out of consciousness while the attacker groped her.
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Sharkey Landfill is a 90-acre property located in New Jersey along the Rockaway and Whippany rivers in Parsippany, New Jersey. Landfill operations began in 1945, and continued until September 1972, when large amounts of toluene, benzene, chloroform, dichloroethylene, and methylene chloride were found, all of which have are a hazard to human health causing cancer and organ failure. Sharkey Landfill was put on the National Priority List (or NPL) in 1983, and clean up operations ran until the site was deemed as not a threat in 2004.
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The synthesis of 2,2-diethoxytetrahydrofuran via γ-butyrolactone and the Meerwein salt (triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate) in diethyl ether was first described by Hans Meerwein and co-workers. In the reaction the electrophilic ethyl cation attackes the carbonyl oxygen and forms the stable but extraordinarily hygroscopic O-ethyl-γ-butyrolactonium tetrafluoroborate (melting point 42 °C). The compound dissolves in dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane but is insoluble in diethyl ether, benzene and tetrachloromethane. The onium salt reacts practically quantitatively with an ethanolate anion from sodium ethoxide in ethanol forming 2,2-diethoxytetrahydrofuran.
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After receiving his medical degree, he was appointed to the chair of pharmacy at the Faculty of Medicine (1853).Eugène Soubeiran (1797-1858) : Le chloroforme (biographical information) He was one of three researchers who discovered chloroform independently of one another. Soubeiran was the first to publish his findings, but it is difficult to determine who was actually first to make the discovery, as each may have allowed an interval of time to elapse between discovery and publication. In 1839, with Hyacinthe Capitaine, he was co-discoverer of cubebin.
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Rulloff, Jarvis and Dexter's next plan was the robbery of a dry goods store in Binghamton, New York in 1870, while the two live-in clerks, Frederick Merrick and Gilbert Burrows, slept upstairs. The trio burned chloroform in an attempt to ensure that the employees would sleep through the ordeal, but they awoke when Jarvis stumbled on something. Merrick first attempted to shoot Rulloff with a gun that he kept under his pillow, but it failed to discharge. After that, he grabbed a stool and threw it at the fleeing Rulloff.
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Greenhow and Snow were the most "outstanding practitioners" at Newcastle Infirmary, which would eventually become a medical school, established by Greenhow's uncle, surgeon Dr Thomas Michael Greenhow. Snow's Case Books record that in November 1857, Greenhow was living and working in London and present whilst Snow gave chloroform to a patient. Greenhow was returning to his home at Reigate on the afternoon of 22 April 1888 - after attending to his duties as medical officer to the Pensions Commutation Board - when, while at Charing Cross Station, he died suddenly.
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On June 30 and July 1, the prosecutor presented rebuttal arguments, beginning by showing the jury photographs of Caylee's clothes and George's suicide note. It called two representatives of Cindy Anthony's former employer who explained why their computer login system shows Cindy was at work the afternoon she said she went home early and searched her computer for information about chloroform. A police computer analyst testified someone had purposely searched online for "neck + breaking." Another analyst testified she did not find evidence that Cindy Anthony had searched certain terms she claimed to have searched.
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It is therefore possible that Seefeldt committed more murders that were considered natural deaths. Contemporary experts speculated that Seefeldt had used his own homemade poison, chloroform or smothered his victims. According to Hans Pfeiffer, a well-known author of popular science books on authentic criminal cases, these theories were disproven with little effort. Pfeiffer suspected, however, that Seefeldt had put his victims into a hypnotic sleep, then probably performed oral sex on them and let them lie asleep in the woods, where he failed to awaken them from hypnosis.
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Biomonitoring Equivalents can thus assist scientists and risk managers in the prioritization of chemicals for follow-up or risk management activities. Since 2007, scientists have derived and published Biomonitoring Equivalents for more than 110 chemicals, including cadmium, benzene, chloroform, arsenic, toluene, methylene chloride, triclosan, dioxins, volatile organic compounds, and others. Several have been developed through collaborations of scientists from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, CDC and Health Canada. Researchers from the German Human Biomonitoring Commission have also proposed a concept for deriving screening values similar to Biomonitoring Equivalents.
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His influential textbook on "Inebriety or Narcomania" was first published in 1888 and went through three editions. Note that while 'inebriate' originally described a person intoxicated with alcohol, it later came to include other intoxicating drugs, especially narcotics, such as opium, chlorodyne, ether, chloral, chloroform or cocaine. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1873 and was also a member of the Obstetrical and Medical Societies of London, the Harveian Society and British Medical Association, being elected to the General Council for the Metropolitan branch.
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In 1849 the Edinburgh professor of obstetrics James Young Simpson, subsequently known for pioneering the use of chloroform in childbirth, designed the Air Tractor which consisted of a metal syringe attached to a soft rubber cup. This was the earliest known vacuum extractor to assist childbirth but it did not become popular. Swedish professor Tage Malmstrom developed the ventouse, or Malmstrom extractor in the 1950s. Originally made with a metal cap, new materials such as plastics and siliconised rubber have improved the design so that it is now used more than forceps.
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Thus the situation seemed plausible, and a combination of her financial woes and her good nature led her to go along with the plan. She borrowed the money from a wealthy friend named Anthony Shimer and arranged to receive the gold late one night. Once the men had lured her into the woods, however, they attacked her and knocked her out with chloroform, then stole her purse and bound and gagged her. When she was found by her family, she was dazed and injured, and the money was gone.Larson 2004, pp. 257–259.
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The trial began on May 24, 2011, at the Orange County Courthouse, with Judge Belvin Perry presiding. In the opening statements, lead prosecutor Linda Drane Burdick described the story of the disappearance of Caylee Anthony day-by-day. The prosecution alleged an intentional murder and sought the death penalty against Casey Anthony. Prosecutors stated that Anthony used chloroform to render her daughter unconscious before putting duct tape over her nose and mouth to suffocate her, and left Caylee's body in the trunk of her car for a few days before disposing of it.
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In proton NMR spectroscopy, deuterated solvent (enriched to >99% deuterium) must be used to avoid recording a large interfering signal or signals from the proton(s) (i.e., hydrogen-1) present in the solvent itself. If nondeuterated chloroform (containing a full equivalent of protium) were used as solvent, the solvent signal would almost certainly overwhelm and obscure any nearby analyte signals. In addition, modern instruments usually require the presence of deuterated solvent, as the field frequency is locked using the deuterium signal of the solvent to prevent frequency drift.
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There are several methods of DNA extraction possible including organic (phenol-chloroform) extraction, Chelex extraction, and differential extraction. Quantitation is commonly conducted using a form of the polymerase chain reaction, known as real-time PCR, quantitative PCR, or qPCR. qPCR is the preferred method of DNA quantitation for forensic cases because it is very precise, human-specific, qualitative, and quantitative. This technique analyses changes in fluorescence signals of amplified DNA fragments between each PCR cycle without needing to pause the reaction or open the temperature- sensitive PCR tubes.
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The imino ether, 2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-acetimidic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride, is prepared by dissolving the 4-substituted benzyl cyanide in a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and chloroform and then saturating this solution with dry hydrogen chloride gas. The reaction between the 2-(β-dialkylaminoalkylamine)-5-nitroaniline and the HCl salt of the imino ethyl ether results in the formation of etonitazene. This procedure is particularly useful in the preparation of the 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-nitrobenzimidazoles. Varying the choice of the substituted phenylacetic acid imino ether affords compounds with a diversity of substituents on the benzene ring at the 2- position.
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As far back as the 1980s, wells in the Maguayo and Dorado Urbano systems have been tested for a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOC's), primarily tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE). In September 2015, the EPA conducted a thorough evaluation of the wells in Dorado and the results confirmed the continuing presence of VOCs in the some of the wells. The analytical results indicate the presence of bromodichloromethane, chloroform, [1,2-DCE], PCE, and TCE, at concentrations significantly above the background levels. The PCE concentrations in three wells, Maguayo #4, Maguayo #5, and Maguayo #6, exceed the EPA MCL of 5 µg/L.
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NC State University (Lot 86, Farm Unit 1) is a Superfund siteEPA NPL Superfund Site Narrative in Raleigh, North Carolina located to the north of Carter–Finley Stadium. It is a site that was used from 1969 until 1980 to dispose of hazardous waste from laboratories and research facilities. The North Carolina State University Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences began monitoring the site in 1981, drilling wells and sampling the groundwater. Groundwater remediation is currently being conductedEPA Site Summary at the site via pump and treat methods to remove chemicals of concern, including chloroform, bromoform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and methylene chloride.
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Elliot and John attempt to hack a company using the names "deadly jester" and "fist of satan" but the owner, Marvin Masterson (Paul Scheer), retaliates by using his "reverse-screw-driver" to delete all of John's pornography and melt Elliot and John's computer. John later decides to go on a killing spree in order to get more attention. Elliot is reluctant to help John with this, but eventually decides to do it, saying to him that he can't do it alone. They buy chloroform to use to kill their elderly neighbor, but John has second thoughts.
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250px Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction (abbreviated AGPC) is a liquid–liquid extraction technique in biochemistry. It is widely used in molecular biology for isolating RNA (as well as DNA and protein in some cases). This method may take longer than a column-based system such as the silica-based purification, but has higher purity and the advantage of high recovery of RNA: an RNA column is typically unsuitable for purification of short (<200 nucleotides) RNA species, such as siRNA, miRNA, gRNA and tRNA. It was originally devised by Piotr Chomczynski and Nicoletta Sacchi, who published their protocol in 1987.
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This method relies on phase separation by centrifugation of a mixture of the aqueous sample and a solution containing water-saturated phenol and chloroform, resulting in an upper aqueous phase and a lower organic phase (mainly phenol). Guanidinium thiocyanate, a chaotropic agent, is added to the organic phase to aid in the denaturation of proteins (such as those that strongly bind nucleic acids or those that degrade RNA). The nucleic acids (RNA and/or DNA) partition into the aqueous phase, while protein partitions into the organic phase. The pH of the mixture determines which nucleic acids get purified.
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The specific pollutants discharged by organic chemical manufacturers vary widely from plant to plant, depending on the types of products manufactured, such as bulk organic chemicals, resins, pesticides, plastics, or synthetic fibers. Some of the organic compounds that may be discharged are benzene, chloroform, naphthalene, phenols, toluene and vinyl chloride. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), which is a gross measurement of a range of organic pollutants, may be used to gauge the effectiveness of a biological wastewater treatment system, and is used as a regulatory parameter in some discharge permits. Metal pollutant discharges may include chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc.
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After determining that sperm cells are present (typically through staining and light microscopy) in a vaginal/rectal sample, the subject's epithelial cells are lysed by a standard DNA extraction method, like a phenol/chloroform extraction and their DNA extracted through normal means. The epithelial DNA in solution is removed and saved, while the sperm cell's DNA precipitates with the attached protamines. Differential extraction uses a chemical called dithiothreitol (DTT) to disrupt the sulfur bonds in the protamines in order to release its DNA. Once the DNA is detached from the protamines, it is prone to standard DNA extraction methods.
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Evidence gathered by police that evening included: powder burns around the bullet wound, no evidence of a struggle, care given to covering her body with a blanket, a .32 caliber revolver near her head wrapped in gauze and wiped clean of finger prints, an open desk drawer and missing $6.00, and a written notice of a 4:30 p.m. telegram delivery attempt.The Sheboygan Press (Sheboygan, Wisconsin) · Wed, November 22, 1933 · Page 15 In addition, detectives found a bottle of chloroform and a "passionately termed love note" dated Sunday night (November 19) written by Wynekoop to Earle, who could not be found.
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Keable continued to write copiously, adding to his oeuvre the novel Recompense, a sequel to Simon Called Peter. He undertook several book tours of the United States and spent his spare time answering fanmail, swimming, and sailing. Then, in 1924, Buck fell pregnant. The couple agreed that she should return to England for better healthcare during the birth, and she went there to set up a home with her mother's help. In early November 1924 she gave birth prematurely to a son, Anthony, and a few days later died of poisoning from chloroform administered against the pain of delivery.
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This also meant that operations were largely restricted to amputations and external growth removals. Beginning in the 1840s, surgery began to change dramatically in character with the discovery of effective and practical anaesthetic chemicals such as ether, first used by the American surgeon Crawford Long, and chloroform, discovered by Scottish obstetrician James Young Simpson and later pioneered by John Snow, physician to Queen Victoria. In addition to relieving patient suffering, anaesthesia allowed more intricate operations in the internal regions of the human body. In addition, the discovery of muscle relaxants such as curare allowed for safer applications.
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The use of childbirth drugs began in 1847 when Scottish obstetrician James Young Simpson introduced chloroform as an anesthetic during labor, but only the most rich and powerful women (such as Queen Victoria) had access. In the late 1800s, feminists in the United States and United Kingdom began to demand drugs for pain relief during childbirth. However, well into the first decades of the 20th century, unmedicated birth assisted by midwives was still commonplace in rural areas and some urban centers as well. The term "natural childbirth" was coined by obstetrician Grantly Dick-Read upon publication of his book Natural Childbirth in 1933.
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In addition, a variety of simple chlorinated hydrocarbons including dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride have been isolated from marine algae. A majority of the chloromethane in the environment is produced naturally by biological decomposition, forest fires, and volcanoes.Public Health Statement – Chloromethane , Centers for Disease Control, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Some types of organochlorides, though not all, have significant toxicity to plants or animals, including humans. Dioxins, produced when organic matter is burned in the presence of chlorine, and some insecticides, such as DDT, are persistent organic pollutants which pose dangers when they are released into the environment.
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Martin Kotora and Milan Hájek (1991): "Selective additions of polyhalogenated compounds to chloro substituted ethenes catalyzed by a copper complex". Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, volume 44, pages 415–419. Michael Van Der Puy, G. V. Bindu Madhavan, and Timothy R. Demmin (1993): "Process for the preparation of hydrofluorocarbons having 3 to 7 carbon atoms" US Patent 5395997. Granted on 1995-03-07, assigned to AlliedSignal then Honeywell International; expired on 2013-07-29. Meir Asscher, Aharon Katchalsky, and David Vofsi (1961): "Production of adducts of carbon tetrachloride or chloroform with olefinically unsaturated substances". US Patent 3651019.
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While assisting Maghee, she learned how to administer anesthesia, which at first consisted of whiskey but was then followed by chloroform and then ether, which to her was harder to use. After the March 22, 1881, lynching of infamous outlaw Big Nose George Parrott for the murder of Robert Widdowfield, Heath was a witness at the autopsy performed by Maghee and was given the skull cap that had been sawn off Parrott's head as a souvenir, while other portions of his body were made into a pair of shoes.Van Pelt, Lori."Unburied bones", Casper Star-Tribune, March 23, 2003.
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After making several abusive statements towards him, Lemaire began explaining how he was a vicious character and how they met. The pair initially met while serving time in San Quentin, California, with Monchereaux arriving in Denver in 1893 and Lemaire three months before the murders. According to Lemaire, Victor strangled all the women with the use of chloroform and then stole all the money they owned. Not only that, but he had also planned to kill another woman by the name of Xavier, using a long plank which he would place in the small back yard to get across.
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Marie gave birth to her first child, Prince Carol, only nine months after the marriage, on 15 October 1893. Although Marie requested the use of chloroform in order to ease the pains of labour, doctors were reluctant to do so, believing that "women must pay in agony for the sins of Eve". After Marie's mother and Queen Victoria insisted, King Carol eventually allowed the use of the drug on his niece-in-law. Marie did not derive much joy from the arrival of her firstborn, later writing that she "felt like turning [her] head to the wall".
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This difference in density is why phenol, which only has a slightly higher density than water, must be mixed with chloroform to form a mixture with a much higher density than water. The hydrophobic lipids will partition into the lower organic phase, and the proteins will remain at the interphase between the two phases, while the nucleic acids (as well as other contaminants such as salts, sugars, etc.) remain in the upper aqueous phase. The upper aqueous phase can then be pipetted off. Care must be taken to avoid pipetting any of the organic phase or material at the interface.
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On April 9, 2013, a preview mix of the song "Laughing Like Hyenas" has been featured on the playlist of The Watt from Pedro Show, the podcast run by Mike Watt (The Stooges, The Minutemen). On May 23, 2015, "Choroform Nation", the new single has been available via all digital platforms. On November 13, 2015, "Chloroform Nation" has been released as a Digipak CD. On April 16, 2016, Offensive Records released a 6-Track Digipak CD named "Inside That Cult That Loves Terror" exclusively for Record Store Day. On January 1, 2020, UCS released the album, Haters Gonna Hate, via Offensive Records.
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Rignall identified as bisexual and lived with his girlfriend and a male, described by Rignall's attorney as a live-in companion. While walking to a local gay bar in Rosemont, Illinois, on March 21, 1978, Gacy lured the 26-year-old Rignall into his car, promising to give him a ride and smoke a joint with him. Gacy then held a rag soaked in chloroform over Rignall's mouth until he passed out. Rignall woke up intermittently during the car ride to Gacy's house but was chloroformed again each time he stirred and eventually lapsed into unconsciousness.
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Octahedral Nanocontainer The internal cavity of a carcerand can be as large as 1700 Å3 (1.7 nm3) when six hemicarcerands form a single octahedral compound.One-Pot, 18-Component Synthesis of an Octahedral Nanocontainer Molecule Xuejun Liu, Yong Liu, Gina Li, Ralf Warmuth, Angewandte Chemie International Edition Volume 45, Issue 6, Pages 901–904, 2006. Abstract This is accomplished by dynamic covalent chemistry in a one-pot condensation of 6 equivalents of a tetraformyl calixarene and 12 equivalents of ethylene diamine with trifluoroacetic acid catalyst in chloroform at room temperature followed by reduction of the imine bonds with sodium borohydride.
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Oil of Bixa orellana Before synthetic dyes revolutionized industry, Bixa orellana was planted commercially for its pigment, extracted from the pericarp of the seeds first by grinding the seeds and then extracting the pigment through use of enzymes, solvents or oil (corn oil or soybean oil). Solvents include alkaline solutions like sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, as well as organic solvents including hexane, acetone, chloroform and ethanol. Extractions using organic solvent yield the annatto pigment. The annatto pigment has global economic significance as it is one of the most widely used natural dyes to color food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
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Ruth first persuaded Albert to purchase insurance, and, with the assistance of an insurance agent (who was subsequently fired and sent to prison for forgery) "signed" a $48,000 life insurance policy that paid extra if an unexpected act of violence killed the victim. According to Gray, Ruth had made at least seven attempts to kill Albert, all of which he survived. On March 20, 1927, the couple garrotted Albert and stuffed his nose full of chloroform-soaked rags, then staged his death as part of a burglary. Detectives at the scene noted that the burglar left little evidence of breaking into the house.
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Alice, discovering what has happened, gets on a bicycle and heads to the justice of the peace's office as well. She arrives in time to stop the clerk from marrying the delivery boy. The clerk then throws the delivery boy into the room with Al and his henchmen. While that scene of slapstick fighting goes on in that room, the clerk and Alice must have been married, for in the final scene the clerk pays the justice of the peace but then sprays him with the chloroform in the perfume bottle and takes his money back.
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Jerry Miles and Mike Strager co-host a radio mystery series, "Crime of the Week," with young Ellen Brent writing their scripts. What she writes about the kidnapping of millionaire John Saunders by someone called "The Cobra" is suspiciously close to the facts of the case. It turns out that the radio station's owner, Latimer Marsh, is the Cobra, assisted in his diabolical crimes by Stone, his sadistic butler. Chloroform is used on Ellen when she gets too close to the truth and an attempt is made to frame her for the kidnapping and a murder.
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In addition to being highly influenced by the types of organic and inorganic matter in the source water, the different species and concentrations of DBPs vary according to the type of disinfectant used, the dose of disinfectant, the concentration of natural organic matter and bromide/iodide, the time since dosing (i.e. water age), temperature, and pH of the water. Swimming pools using chlorine have been found to contain trihalomethanes, although generally they are below current EU standard for drinking water (100 micrograms per litre). Concentrations of trihalomethanes (mainly chloroform) of up to 0.43 ppm have been measured.
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Before her visit to Britain in the autumn of 1914, which Jones chaperoned, Freud advised him: In 1917 Jones married the Welsh musician Morfydd Llwyn Owen. They were holidaying in South Wales the following year when Morfydd became ill with acute appendicitis. Emergency surgery was carried out at her parents-in-law's Swansea home but the local surgeon who operated was unable to save her from the effects of chloroform poisoning. She was buried in Oystermouth Cemetery on the outskirts of Swansea where her gravestone bears the inscription, chosen by Jones from Goethe's Faust, "Das Unbeschreibliche, hier ist's getan".
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NHSis insert directly into the C-I bond of iodomethane. Alternatively, when saturated or unsaturated NHSis are reacted with dichloromethane, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride, the silicon centers of two NHSis form a bond, with one halide adding to one silicon and the remaining organic fragment adding to the other. Other halocarbons will yield a mixture of mono and disilane products. The resulting mixture of products as well as computational studies indicate that a free radical mechanism brings about these products, with the radical pathway being 16 to 23 kcal/mol lower in energy than concerted mechanisms.
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Twins were subjected to weekly examinations and measurements of their physical attributes by Mengele or one of his assistants. The experiments he performed on twins included unnecessary amputation of limbs, intentionally infecting one twin with typhus or some other disease, and transfusing the blood of one twin into the other. Many of the victims died while undergoing these procedures, and those who survived the experiments were sometimes killed and their bodies dissected once Mengele had no further use for them. Nyiszli recalled one occasion on which Mengele personally killed fourteen twins in one night by injecting their hearts with chloroform.
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R. M. Silverstein, G. C. Bassler and T. C. Morrill, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 5th Ed., Wiley, 1991. In samples where natural hydrogen (H) is used, practically all the hydrogen consists of the isotope 1H (hydrogen-1; i.e. having a proton for a nucleus). Simple NMR spectra are recorded in solution, and solvent protons must not be allowed to interfere. Deuterated (deuterium = 2H, often symbolized as D) solvents especially for use in NMR are preferred, e.g. deuterated water, D2O, deuterated acetone, (CD3)2CO, deuterated methanol, CD3OD, deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide, (CD3)2SO, and deuterated chloroform, CDCl3.
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Edward Henry Embley (28 February 1861 – 9 May 1924) was an Australian physician who did important work in the study of the effects of chloroform on the human body. Embley was born at Castlemaine, Victoria, younger son of Richard Edward Embley, a baker, and his wife Mary, née Smith, who both came from Gloucestershire, England. He was educated at Castlemaine Grammar School, the Bendigo High School and the University of Melbourne, where he graduated M.B., B.S. in 1889. He practised in Latrobe-street, Melbourne, and taking much interest in anaesthetics, gained the degree of M.D. in 1901 with a thesis on that subject.
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Unlike the Grubbs or Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts, the Zhan catalysts can be recovered and recycled by simple precipitation or filtration. Zhan Catalyst-1B and -1C are soluble in dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, ether, and other solvents, but insoluble in methanol, ethanol, and other alcohols. Zhan Catalyst-II is linked to a resin- and PEG-linked support, offering a great advantage in recyclable utility, and leaving little or no trace of toxic metal contamination within the product of olefin metathesis reactions. These catalysts can then be reused again, allowing for broad application in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
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It was determined that spent hydrocarbons buried at the landfill disposal site included not only chlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachloroethane, hexachloronorbornadiene, naphthalene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, and benzene, but also the known carcinogens carbon tetrachloride and chloroform. The drums and cartons containing these chemicals were deposited in trenches that were deep and 12 to wide and covered with approximately of soil. Velsicol took no precautions to insure the drums from bursting and, invariably, some of the drums would leak their contents into the soil. Furthermore, the trenches were neither lined nor covered with any impermeable material to prevent the chemical waste from leaking into the soil.
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The first comprehensive medical textbook on the subject, Anesthesia, was authored in 1914 by anesthesiologist Dr. James Tayloe Gwathmey and the chemist Dr. Charles Baskerville. This book served as the standard reference for the specialty for decades and included details on the history of anesthesia as well as the physiology and techniques of inhalation, rectal, intravenous, and spinal anesthesia. Of these first famous anesthetics, only nitrous oxide is still widely used today, with chloroform and ether having been replaced by safer but sometimes more expensive general anesthetics, and cocaine by more effective local anesthetics with less abuse potential.
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In the mid-1800s, the use of morphine to treat "the pains of death" emerged, with John Warren recommending its use in 1848. A similar use of chloroform was revealed by Joseph Bullar in 1866. However, in neither case was it recommended that the use should be to hasten death. In 1870 Samuel Williams, a schoolteacher, initiated the contemporary euthanasia debate through a speech given at the Birmingham Speculative Club in England, which was subsequently published in a one-off publication entitled Essays of the Birmingham Speculative Club, the collected works of a number of members of an amateur philosophical society.
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Oswald Schmiedeberg (10 October 1838 – 12 July 1921) was a Baltic German pharmacologist. In 1866 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Dorpat with a thesis concerning the measurement of chloroform in blood, before becoming the first professor of pharmacology at the University of Strasbourg, where he remained for 46 years. In 1911, he testified in the United States v. Forty Barrels & Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola trial, and later, was a major factor in the success of the German pharmaceutical industry prior to the Second World War, having trained most of the European professors at the time.
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The Associated Press has reported that starting in 2011, the DEP strongly resisted providing the AP and other news organizations with information about complaints related to drilling. When waste brine is discharged to surface waters through conventional wastewater treatment plants, the bromide in the brine usually is not captured. Although not a health hazard by itself, in western Pennsylvania some downstream drinking water treatment plants using the surface water experienced increases in brominated trihalomethanes in 2009 and 2010. Trihalomethanes, undesirable byproducts of the chlorination process, form when the chlorine combines with dissolved organic matter in the source water, to form the trihalomethane chloroform.
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Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer is an organometallic compound with the formula [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2]2, often abbreviated to Cp2Fe2(CO)4, [CpFe(CO)2]2 or even Fp2, with the colloquial name "fip dimer". It is a dark reddish-purple crystalline solid, which is readily soluble in moderately polar organic solvents such as chloroform and pyridine, but less soluble in carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulfide. Cp2Fe2(CO)4 is insoluble in but stable toward water. Cp2Fe2(CO)4 is reasonably stable to storage under air and serves as a convenient starting material for accessing other Fp (CpFe(CO)2) derivatives (described below).
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The organic compound 1,1,1-trichloroethane, also known as methyl chloroform, is a chloroalkane. This colourless, sweet-smelling liquid was once produced industrially in large quantities for use as a solvent.Manfred Rossberg, Wilhelm Lendle, Gerhard Pfleiderer, Adolf Tögel, Eberhard-Ludwig Dreher, Ernst Langer, Heinz Rassaerts, Peter Kleinschmidt, Heinz Strack, Richard Cook, Uwe Beck, Karl-August Lipper, Theodore R. Torkelson, Eckhard Löser, Klaus K. Beutel, Trevor Mann "Chlorinated Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. . It is regulated by the Montreal Protocol as an ozone-depleting substance and its use is being rapidly phased out.
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Henry Savage (1922) Richard Middleton: The Man And His Work, Cecil Palmer, London. Middleton suffered from severe depression, known as melancholia at that time. He spent the last nine months of his life in Brussels, where in December 1911 he took his life by poisoning himself with chloroform, which had been prescribed as a remedy for his condition.Twentieth- Century Literary Criticism, ©1995 Gale Cengage His literary reputation was maintained by Edgar Jepson and Arthur Machen, of whom the latter wrote an introduction to Middleton's collection The Ghost Ship and Other Stories,Mark Valentine, Arthur Machen.
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Over the past 100 years, the study and administration of anesthesia has become more complex. Historically anesthesia providers were almost solely utilized during surgery to administer general anesthesia in which a person is placed in a pharmacologic coma. This is performed to permit surgery without the individual responding to pain (analgesia) during surgery or remembering (amnesia) the surgery. In the nineteenth century the beginnings of general anesthesia started with the introduction of ether in Boston and chloroform in the United Kingdom to bring about a state of unawareness and unresponsiveness to the pain of surgical insult.
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He also visited and walked the wards in Paris with the leading French surgeons. He embraced new ideas such as the use of the stethoscope, which had arrived in England in the 1820s, invented by Rene Laennec in Paris; and he employed anaesthesia in the form of ether and chloroform to relieve pain in surgery, unlike many practitioners at that time who frowned upon its use. Jonathan wrote many articles for the leading medical journals and was very critical of the new Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834. He called for higher qualifications and tighter regulations for coroners.
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J. J. A. Wijs introduced modifications in Hübl method by using iodine monochloride (ICl) in glacial acetic acid, which became known as Wijs's solution, dropping the HgCl2 reagent. Alternatively, J. Hanuš used iodine monobromide (IBr), which is more stable than ICl when protected from light. Typically, fat is dissolved in chloroform and treated with excess ICl/IBr, Some of the halogen reacts with the double bonds in the unsaturated fat while the rest remains. : Then, saturated solution of potassium iodide (KI) is added to this mixture, which reacts with remaining free ICl/IBr to form potassium chloride (KCl) and diiodide (I2).
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Jin realizes that Charlotte is fluent in Korean and confronts her after their successful trip, threatening to hurt Daniel if she continues to lie about her agenda and does not get Sun off the island. Jack convinces Juliet to allow him to remain awake during the surgery, with Kate holding a mirror, so that he can see and direct the surgery. As Juliet operates, Jack's consciousness proves to be a detriment and her nurse—dentist Bernard Nadler (Sam Anderson)—knocks him out with chloroform. The appendectomy is a success; afterwards, Juliet tells Kate that Jack really does love Kate and not Juliet.
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On one of those visits, on the night of Saturday, 4 July, they were noted by an Irgun member sitting in the Gan Vered café who heard them speaking English and who followed them back to the camp. Based on his information, a week later Irgun made arrangements to kidnap them in the hope that they would return to the café. On 11 July 1947, a group of Irgun men retrieved weapons, chloroform, cloths and ropes from a hidden cache. After the recent failures, the Irgun militants in Netanya were sceptical regarding the chances of this kidnapping attempt.
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The Motiva Port Arthur refinery released over 15.5 million pounds of criteria pollutants in 2003, making it one of the largest polluters in the area. The facility releases six airborne chemicals in a residential area that exceeded the Health Effects Screening Levels and are linked to cancer growth and development, including benzene and chloroform. Despite largely fulfilling the requirements of the Clean Air Act legislation, the refinery experiences a large number of flares and accidental releases that push the emissions levels over regulated amounts. Accidental releases in 2002 resulted in a total of 1,149,069 pounds of toxins put into the air.
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Brompton cocktail, sometimes called Brompton mixture or Brompton's cocktail, was an elixir meant for use as a pain suppressant dosed for prophylaxis. Made from morphine or diacetylmorphine (heroin), cocaine, highly-pure ethyl alcohol (some recipes specify gin), and sometimes with chlorpromazine (Thorazine) to counteract nausea, it was given to terminally-ill individuals (especially cancer patients) to relieve pain and promote sociability near death. A common formulation included "a variable amount of morphine, 10 mg of cocaine, 2.5 mL of 98% ethyl alcohol, 5 mL of syrup BP and a variable amount of chloroform water."Melzak, R., B.M. Mount, and J.M. Gordon.
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Prior to vivisection for educational purposes, chloroform was administered as an anesthetic to this common sand frog. The Cruelty to Animals Act, 1876 in Britain determined that one could only conduct vivisection on animals with the appropriate license from the state, and that the work the physiologist was doing had to be original and absolutely necessary. The stage was set for such legislation by physiologist David Ferrier. Ferrier was a pioneer in understanding the brain and used animals to show that certain locales of the brain corresponded to bodily movement elsewhere in the body in 1873.
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With a melting point of 68.5–72.5 °C, candelilla wax consists of mainly hydrocarbons (about 50%, chains with 29–33 carbons), esters of higher molecular weight (20–29%), free acids (7–9%), and resins (12–14%, mainly triterpenoid esters). The high hydrocarbon content distinguishes this wax from carnauba wax.Uwe Wolfmeier,Hans Schmidt, Franz-Leo Heinrichs, Georg Michalczyk, Wolfgang Payer,Wolfram Dietsche, Klaus Boehlke, Gerd Hohner, Josef Wildgruber "Waxes" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in many organic solvents such as acetone, chloroform, benzene, and turpentine.
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To overcome this limitation, Montal and Mueller developed a modified deposition technique that eliminates the use of a heavy non-volatile solvent. In this method, the aperture starts out above the water surface, completely separating the two fluid chambers. On the surface of each chamber, a monolayer is formed by applying lipids in a volatile solvent such as chloroform and waiting for the solvent to evaporate. The aperture is then lowered through the air-water interface and the two monolayers from the separate chambers are folded down against each other, forming a bilayer across the aperture.
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It was never proven at trial that Woolcock had died of Mercury poisoning or that Elizabeth had administered it. Dr Bull prescribed Mercury laced syrup and tablets which would have killed Woolcock if he had taken more than Bull testified to. Bull had been a drug addict himself for 30 years and consumed Atropine, Sulphuric Ether, Chloroform and Opium in large and frequent doses. He was reportedly in a "drug be-fuddled state" when treating Woolcock and several witnesses testified that Thomas has told them that it was Bull's medicine that had made him so sick.
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One intracellular metabolite secreted by Aspergillus wentii is toxic to mice as well as chicken embryos. Aspergillus wentii chloroform extracts of mycelium, moldy corn, and moldy rice all produce varying levels of toxicity when introduced to chicken embryos on yeast-extract sucrose (YES) medium. While moldy corn with Aspergillus wentii was unable to kill mice in one study, YES extracts of corn and mycelium were shown to be deadly to mice, with YES mycelium extract being the most potent to both chicken and mice. One Aspergillus wentii strain, Ras101, is known for its ability to produce biodiesel from the transesterification of lipids.
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Frustrated with having to clean Peter's messes, Lois hires a Hispanic maid named Consuela to clean their house. But Consuela quickly proves to be very stubborn, refusing to leave after her work hours and sleeping at the Griffins' house overnight, much to Peter and Lois' annoyance. They try to fire her and even bribe her to leave, but she still refuses (though she takes the money they offer her anyway). In a last-ditch attempt, Peter finally gets rid of her by tricking her into inhaling chloroform on a handkerchief, and leaves her in a basket on Joe's front porch.
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The family hopes that they will be > given the time by the media to reflect on this verdict and decide the best > way to move forward privately. It was alleged in press reports that Cindy Anthony had perjured herself when telling jurors she—not Casey Anthony—was the one who used her family computer to search the Internet for "chloroform". The state attorney's office said she would not be charged. On July 6, 2011, Anthony's jailhouse letters were released to the general public. They were originally released (though not to public) in April 2010 by prosecutors preparing for the Anthony trial.
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By the 18th century, the medicinal properties of opium and laudanum were well known, and the term "laudanum" came to refer to any combination of opium and alcohol. Several physicians, including John Jones, John Brown, and George Young, the latter of whom published a comprehensive medical text entitled Treatise on Opium, extolled the virtues of laudanum and recommended the drug for practically every ailment. "Opium, and after 1820, morphine, was mixed with everything imaginable: mercury, hashish, cayenne pepper, ether, chloroform, belladonna, whiskey, wine and brandy."“In the Arms of Morpheus: The Tragic History of Laudanum, Morphine, and Patent Medicines”, by Barbara Hodgson.
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It is a common observation that when oil and water are poured into the same container, they separate into two phases or layers, because they are immiscible. In general, aqueous (or water-based) solutions, being polar, are immiscible with non-polar organic solvents (chloroform, toluene, hexane etc.) and form a two- phase system. However, in an ABS, both immiscible components are water-based. The formation of the distinct phases is affected by the pH, temperature and ionic strength of the two components, and separation occurs when the amount of a polymer present exceeds a certain limiting concentration (which is determined by the above factors).
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Cryogenine, also known as vertine or (10α)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-hydroxylythran-12-one, is a biphenylquinolizidine lactone alkaloid from the plants Sinicuichi (Heimia salicifolia) and H. myrtifolia. The compound has no psychoactive properties in humans up to 310 mg, but has shown anti-inflammatory activity similar to aspirin. The freebase form melts at 250–251 °C and is soluble in moderately polar organic solvents such as chloroform, methylene chloride, benzene, and methanol, but is insoluble in water and petroleum ether. In the development of thin layer chromatography plates with diazotized p-nitroaniline spray, cryogenine produces a purple spot (as does sinicuichine, another biphenylquinolizidine lactone alkaloid found in Heimia species).
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His main accomplishment in this period was to move key Soviet war industries east of the Urals, so that the Soviet Union could strategically retreat, while keeping its manufacturing capability intact. Frunze's political position adhered to that of the Troika (Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, Stalin), but Stalin preferred to have a close, personal ally in charge (as opposed to Frunze, a "Zinovievite"). Frunze was urged by a group of Stalin's hand-picked doctors to have surgery to treat an old stomach ulcer, despite previous doctors' recommendations to avoid surgery and Frunze's own unwillingness. He died on the operating table of a massive overdose of chloroform, an anaesthetic.
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In the 12th century the Jewish physician-philosopher Maimonides wrote a treatise on asthma in Arabic, based partly on Arabic sources, in which he discussed the symptoms, proposed various dietary and other means of treatment, and emphasized the importance of climate and clean air. In 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880 included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pilocarpine. In 1886, F. H. Bosworth theorized a connection between asthma and hay fever.
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A hydrogen atom attached to a relatively electronegative atom is the hydrogen bond donor. C-H bonds only participate in hydrogen bonding when the carbon atom is bound to electronegative substituents, as is the case in chloroform, CHCl3. In a hydrogen bond, the electronegative atom not covalently attached to the hydrogen is named proton acceptor, whereas the one covalently bound to the hydrogen is named the proton donor. While this nomenclature is recommended by the IUPAC, it can be misleading, since in other donor-acceptor bonds, the donor/acceptor assignment is based on the source of the electron pair (such nomenclature is also used for hydrogen bonds by some authors).
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Prior to dissection for educational purposes, chloroform was administered to this common sand frog to induce anesthesia and death. The extent to which animal testing causes pain and suffering, and the capacity of animals to experience and comprehend them, is the subject of much debate. According to the USDA, in 2016 501,560 animals (61%) (not including rats, mice, birds, or invertebrates) were used in procedures that did not include more than momentary pain or distress. 247,882 (31%) animals were used in procedures in which pain or distress was relieved by anesthesia, while 71,370 (9%) were used in studies that would cause pain or distress that would not be relieved.
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Several methods, derived from cyanobacterial protocols, are used for the isolation of DNA from C. merolae. The first is a hot phenol extraction, which is a quick extraction that can be used to isolate DNA suitable for amplification by DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), wherein phenol is added to whole cells and incubated at 65 °C to extract DNA. If purer DNA is required, the CTAB (Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) method may be employed. In this method, a high-salt extraction buffer is first applied and cells are disrupted, after which a chloroform-phenol mixture is used to extract the DNA at room temperature.
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These markers are generally used on hard, non-porous surfaces, because instead of staining they form a surface layer that can be removed by high pressure cleaning or paint thinners. Organic solvents such as acetone, xylene, or toluene. Isopropyl alcohol, ethanol and ethyl acetate are preferred cleaners when used indoors, as their fumes are much less hazardous than toluene and xylene, the main components of paint thinner, or longer-chain hydrocarbons found in mineral spirits. Other common non-polar solvents include benzene, turpentine and other terpenes (which constitute essential oils of many plants with strong scents), most ethers, chloroform and dichloromethane, hydrocarbon fuels, and diacetone alcohol, among many others.
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Two of his busts, depicting Admiral Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, and Sir James Young Simpson, discoverer of chloroform, are in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. His 1838 seated marble figure of Charles Tennant of St Rollox is on Tennant's tomb at the Glasgow Necropolis. His 1845 bust of Robert Burns is in the Robert Burns Birthplace Museum and his bust of Napoleon III, purchased from the Paris International Exhibition of 1855, is in the Victoria and Albert Museum. In 1839 he submitted a "fearsome design"Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660-1881 as a memorial to Horatio Nelson of Nelson's dead body being carried by two heroic figures.
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After gaining entry into the store by revealing his "support" for the revolt, Casey attempts to use the Buy More entrance into Castle, but is locked out. He is ambushed by two Ring agents sent by Neil, but is unwittingly saved by Jeff who, while high on chloroform, knocks out one while Casey disables the other. Back in Castle, Del, Neil and the remainder of their team return to finish off Chuck and Morgan. However, after Chuck and Morgan's talk and with his feelings back under control, Chuck is able to flash on advanced martial arts skills and quickly defeats the intruders (with Morgan knocking out Del from behind).
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Ethylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride is a chemical compound with formula , that can be seen as the twofold anhydride of ethylenetetracarboxylic acid . It has a bicyclic molecular structure consisting of two maleic anhydride rings fused by their respective alkene units. It is a pale yellow oily liquid, soluble in dichloromethane and chloroform. The compound and its reactions were first reported in 1967. Jürgen Sauer, Barbara Schröder, Richard Wiemer (1967), Eine Studie der Diels-Alder-Reaktion, VI. Kinetischer Nachweis des Moleküls C6O6 (Dianhydrid der Äthylentetracarbonsäure). Chemische Berichte Volume 100 Issue 1, Pages 306-314 Jürgen Sauer, Barbara Schröder, Albrecht Mielert (1967), Eine Studie der Diels-Alder-Reaktion, VII.
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It is not strictly necessary to use phenol or chloroform if extracting RNA for Northern blotting or DNA for Southern blot analysis because the gel electrophoresis followed by transfer to a membrane will separate the RNA/DNA from the proteins. Additionally, since these methods use probes to bind to their conjugates, peptides that get through the process don't generally matter unless a peptide is an RNase or DNase, and then only if the enzyme manages to renature, which should not occur if proper protocols are followed. A possible exception might be when working with temperature extremophiles because some enzymes of these organisms can remain stable under extraordinary circumstances.
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Aerojet's manufacture, testing and disposal methods led to toxic contamination of both the land and groundwater in the Rancho Cordova area, leading to the designation of a Superfund site. Solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and chloroform and rocket fuel by-products such as N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and perchlorate were discovered in drinking water wells near Aerojet in 1979. Since then, two State agencies and the Environmental Protection Agency have been working with Aerojet to ensure that the company cleans up pollution caused by its operations at the site. Under state and federal enforcement orders, Aerojet installed several systems on the borders of its property to pump out and treat contaminated groundwater.
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A blue plaque was placed on Marx's house at 7 Jews Walk, Sydenham In 1898, Eleanor discovered that the ailing Edward Aveling had secretly married a young actress, to whom he remained committed. Aveling's illness seemed to her to be terminal, and Eleanor was deeply depressed by the faithlessness of the man she loved. On 31 March 1898, Eleanor sent her maid to the local chemist with a note to which she signed the initials of the man the chemist knew as "Dr. Aveling," asking for chloroform (some sources say "padiorium") and a small quantity of hydrogen cyanide (then called "prussic acid") for her dog.
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Brooker's merocyanine in different solutions Brooker's merocyanine (1-methyl-4-[(oxocyclohexadienylidene)ethylidene]-1,4-dihydropyridine, MOED) link is an organic dye belonging to the class of merocyanines. MOED is notable for its solvatochromic properties, meaning it changes color depending on the solvent in which it is dissolved. As shown in the structural formula, MOED can be depicted using two resonance structures: neutral and zwitterionic. Research indicates that the zwitterionic structure is the major contributor to resonance hybrid when the compound exists in polar solvents such as water, and the neutral form when it exists in nonpolar solvents such as chloroform."Fundamental Studies on Brooker’s Merocyanine", Morley et al.
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Others associated with the clique included William H. Allen, who attempted to commit suicide with chloroform at the YMCA following the exposure, Horace Tabb, physician Harry Start (and witness Robert Ray), clerk and bookkeeper Edward Wedemeyer, George Birdseye, Fred A. Clark, Alonzo "Billy" E. Ream (1856-1930), Earle Van Hulen, Fred Rodby, George Parker, Earl Taylor, Kenneth Hollister, Will Phelps, Horace Tabb (at the Multnomah Hotel) and Lionel Deane. Claude Bronner and Nathan Healy lived with each other at 1731 S.W. Taylor; Healy turned on Bronner, who served time. John Moffitt, a photographer, was caught in the scandal and then advertised his services as "Photographer of Men".
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Adelaide Bartlett The Pimlico Mystery or the Pimlico Poisoning Mystery is the name given to the circumstances surrounding the 1886 death of Thomas Edwin Bartlett, possibly at the hands of his wife, Adelaide Blanche Bartlett, in the Pimlico district of London. A fatal quantity of chloroform was found in Mr Bartlett's stomach, despite having not caused any damage to his throat or windpipe, and no evidence of how it got there. Adelaide Bartlett was tried for her husband's murder and was acquitted. By the jury's own statement in court Mrs Bartlett's acquittal was partly secured because the prosecution could not prove how Mrs Bartlett could have committed the crime.
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The 1H NMR spectra were recorded at a resonance frequency of 400 MHz with a resolution of 0.0625 Hz or at 90 MHz with a resolution of 0.125 Hz. The spectral acquisition was carried out using a flip angle of 22.5 – 30.0 degrees and a pulse repetition time of 30 seconds. Samples were prepared by dissolution in deuterated chloroform (CDCl3), deuterium oxide (D2O), or deuterated dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-d6). Each spectrum is accompanied by a list of peaks with their respective intensities and chemical shifts reported in ppm and in Hz. Most spectra show the peak assignment. This collection contains ca 15,900 spectra and is being updated.
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47 carries modified AMT Hardballers, nicknamed Silverballers, as his signature weapons. To achieve the ideal 'Silent Assassin' rank, it is required that 47 only kills his assigned targets, and few or no other NPCs. The sedative syringes, or chloroform in Hitman 2: Silent Assassin (which only has a temporary, dose-dependent effect, unlike syringes), exist for this purpose, so that 47 may incapacitate an innocent person to take items or clothing from their body without harming them, so it does not count against the player in the final ranking. In Blood Money, the ability to add sedatives to food and drink was added, to avoid direct confrontation.
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Momordol or 1-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-2-[8′,10′-dihydroxy-4′,7′-dimethyl-11′-hydroxy methyl- trideca]-3-ethyl-cyclohex-5-en-4-one is a chemical compound with formula , found in the fresh fruit of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia).Sabira Begum, Mansour Ahmed, Bina S. Siddiqui, Abdullah Khan, Zafar S. Saify, and Mohammed Arif (1997), Triterpenes, a sterol and a monocyclic alcohol from Momordica charantia. Phytochemistry, volume 44, issue 7, pages 1313-1320 The compound is an oily liquid, soluble in ethyl acetate and methanol but not in pure chloroform or petrol. It was isolated in 1997 by S. Begum and others.
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For his own protection, after landing the Metal Men locked him in his lab and began experimenting on ways to make him human again. However, while they were busy with one failed experiment after another, the lab door burst open and Doc Magnus introduced his new robots, the Gas Gang. Unlike the Metal Men (each of whom was based on a different metal), these were based on (and named for) the gases Oxygen, Helium, Chloroform, Carbon Monoxide, and Carbon Dioxide. Whereas the Metal Men were approximately the same size as Doctor Magnus, the Gas Gang were anywhere from one-third to twice his size.
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If formaldehyde, chloroform, or DDT are used topically, care should be taken when dealing with the resulting morbidity. The T. penetrans flea can also be suffocated using occlusive petrolatum, while Vaseline will kill the organism as well, most likely due to suffocation as the stigmata would be covered. The gum of the mammee apple (Mammea americana), a fruit that also goes by the name Saint Domingo apricot, has also been used to kill the chigoe flea, though this has not been reported in the main T. penetrans literature. Even without treatment, the burrowed fleas will die within five weeks and are naturally sloughed off as the skin sheds.
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Solubility is of fundamental importance in a large number of scientific disciplines and practical applications, ranging from ore processing and nuclear reprocessing to the use of medicines, and the transport of pollutants. Solubility is often said to be one of the "characteristic properties of a substance", which means that solubility is commonly used to describe the substance, to indicate a substance's polarity, to help to distinguish it from other substances, and as a guide to applications of the substance. For example, indigo is described as "insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether but soluble in chloroform, nitrobenzene, or concentrated sulfuric acid". Solubility of a substance is useful when separating mixtures.
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One account even had her attempting suicide by drugging herself with chloroform only to awake with a headache and a renewed sense of purpose in life.Rose Wilder Lane, "I, Rose Wilder Lane, Am the Only Truly Happy Person I Know, and I Discovered the Secret of Happiness on the Day I Tried to Kill Myself," Cosmopolitan, 80 (June 1926) During these years, Lane, keenly aware of her lack of a formal education, read voraciously and taught herself several languages. Her writing career began around 1908, with occasional freelance newspaper jobs that earned much-needed extra cash.The Ups and Downs of Modern Mercury September 20, 1908, p.
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The flash point of the compound is 162.5 °C, and the autoignition temperature is 294 °C. The specific rotation is reported to be [α]D20=+228–235° (1 M; chloroform) In general, the compound features a fruity apricot-like odor. Of the four stereo isomers, (2R,2′S,1′′R)-Nectaryl and (2R,2′R,1′′R)-Nectaryl contribute especially to the compound’s odor, the odor detection threshold lies at 0.094 ng·l−1 and 0.112 ng·l−1, respectively. In contrast to that, the other stereo isomers show an unspecific fruity odor, the odor detection threshold are 11.2 ng·l−1 and 14.9 ng·l−1 which is much higher.
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Joseph Thomas Clover demonstrating the Chloroform apparatus he invented in 1862By mid-century, the stethoscope became an oft-used device and designs of the microscope had advanced enough for scientists to closely examine pathogens. The pioneering work of French microbiologist Louis Pasteur from the 1850s earned widespread acceptance for the germ theory of disease. It led to the introduction antiseptics by Joseph Lister in 1867 in the form of carbolic acid (phenol). He instructed the hospital staff to wear gloves and wash their hands, instruments, and dressings with a phenol solution and in 1869, he invented a machine that would spray carbolic acid in the operating theatre during surgery.
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Examples include: paints and lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning supplies, pesticides, building materials and furnishings, office equipment such as copiers and printers, correction fluids and carbonless copy paper, graphics and craft materials including glues and adhesives, permanent markers, and photographic solutions. Chlorinated drinking water releases chloroform when hot water is used in the home. Benzene is emitted from fuel stored in attached garages. Overheated cooking oils emit acrolein and formaldehyde. A meta-analysis of 77 surveys of VOCs in homes in the US found the top ten riskiest indoor air VOCs were acrolein, formaldehyde, benzene, hexachlorobutadiene, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, benzyl chloride, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, acrylonitrile, and vinyl chloride.
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The increase in chlorinated volatile organic compound concentrations was the lowest for plain bleach and the highest for the products in the form of "thick liquid and gel." The significant increases observed in indoor air concentrations of several chlorinated VOCs (especially carbon tetrachloride and chloroform) indicate that the bleach use may be a source that could be important in terms of inhalation exposure to these compounds. The authors suggested that using these cleaning products may significantly increase the cancer risk. The hypochlorites in liquid bleach and bleaching powder can react with ammonia to form a number of products, including monochloramine (), then dichloramine () and finally nitrogen trichloride ().
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Gedroits utilized her Swiss education and battlefield experiences as a basis for bringing it up to modern European standards. She expanded the facility and equipped it with new surgical implements, including white gowns, threads, and gloves. She obtained apparatuses like the D'Arsonval and Tesla high-frequency current instruments and x-ray machines, promoted the use of ether rather than chloroform for anesthesia, and selected special garments for patients and their bed linens, all of which were innovative measures for her time. She also established a pathology and anatomy archive and cooperative agreements with Philip Markowitz Blumenthal's chemical and bacteriological institute on Lubyanka Square in Moscow to improve diagnostics.
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On Friday, October 24, 2008, a forensic report by Arpad Vass of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory judged that results from an air sampling procedure (called LIBS) performed in the trunk of Casey Anthony's car showed chemical compounds "consistent with a decompositional event" based on the presence of five key chemical compounds out of over 400 possible chemical compounds that Vass' research group considers typical of decomposition. Investigators stated that the trunk smelled strongly of human decomposition, but human decomposition was not specified on the laboratory scale. The process has not been affirmed by a Daubert Test in the courts. Vass' group also stated there was chloroform in the car trunk.
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Sarah Lundy, FBI, Oak Ridge lab tests on Casey Anthony's car released, Orlando Sentinel, October 25, 2008. In October 2009, officials released 700 pages of documents related to the Anthony investigation, including records of Google searches of the terms "neck breaking" and "how to make chloroform" on a computer accessible to Casey, presented by the prosecutors as evidence of a crime. According to detectives, crime-scene evidence included residue of a heart-shaped sticker found on duct tape over the mouth of Caylee's skull. However, the laboratory was not able to capture a heart-shape photographically after some duct tape was subjected to dye testing.
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The •OH species has a lifetime in the Earth atmosphere of less than one second. Understanding the role of •OH in the oxidation process of methane (CH4) present in the atmosphere to first carbon monoxide (CO) and then carbon dioxide (CO2) is important for assessing the residence time of this greenhouse gas, the overall carbon budget of the troposphere, and its influence on the process of global warming. The lifetime of •OH radicals in the Earth atmosphere is very short, therefore •OH concentrations in the air are very low and very sensitive techniques are required for its direct detection. Global average hydroxyl radical concentrations have been measured indirectly by analyzing methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) present in the air.
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The aim was to stimulate the nerves with electricity to demonstrate that salivary pressure was independent of blood pressure.; The dog was then carried to the lecture theatre, stretched on his back on an operating board, with his legs tied to the board, his head clamped and his mouth muzzled. According to Bayliss, the dog had been given a morphine injection earlier in the day, then was anaesthetized during the procedure with six fluid ounces of alcohol, chloroform and ether (ACE), delivered from an ante-room to a tube in his trachea, via a pipe hidden behind the bench on which the men were working. The Swedish students disputed that the dog had been adequately anaesthetized.
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In adapting Bolesław Prus' novel to the screen, the film's producers made a number of notable decisions. One was to keep the film in a predominantly golden-yellowish register and to almost completely eliminate bright colors; bright foliage appears only once—in the scene with Ramses and Sara on the Nile. During the military maneuvers that open the film, an incident has been introduced that does not appear in the novel, involving the wrangling down of a horse. Near the movie's end, High Priest Mefres is dispatched by the Keepers of the Labyrinth not with a chloroform-like substance, but with a rope looped around his neck and pulled tight by its ends, several yards apart.
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When he informs the mayor, the men form a posse to hunt for the meteor. As they search the woods, Clip encounters a scantily-clad Mary Ann, who nearly incapacitates him before Tony is able to render her unconscious using chloroform. After placing her in the town jail, Tony and Clip go back into the woods and track the meteor to a cave, where they narrowly escape a group of women who arrive to worship it. When their effort to drive to the next town for help is frustrated by a roadblock, they return to Beamsville to find that the women's takeover of the town is complete, with the remaining men wandering the streets in dazed stupors.
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But for Propyne, hyperconjugation between the alkyl and alkynyl parts. # Dipole moments: The large increase in dipole moment of 1,1,1-trichloroethane as compared with chloroform can be attributed to hyperconjugated structures. # The heat of formation of molecules with hyperconjugation are greater than sum of their bond energies and the heats of hydrogenation per double bond are less than the heat of hydrogenation of ethylene. # Stability of carbocations: #:(CH3)3C+ > (CH3)2CH+ > (CH3)CH2+ > CH3+ #: The three C–H σ bonds of the methyl group(s) attached to the carbocation can undergo the stabilization interaction but only one of them can be aligned perfectly with the empty p-orbital, depending on the conformation of the carbon–carbon bond.
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First produced in 1861 in Chicago by former magician John Austin Hamlin and his brother Lysander Butler Hamlin, it was primarily sold and used as a liniment for rheumatic pain and sore muscles, but was advertised as a treatment for pneumonia, cancer, diphtheria, earache, toothache, headache and hydrophobia. It was made of 50%-70% alcohol containing camphor, ammonia, chloroform, sassafras, cloves, and turpentine, and was said to be usable both internally and topically. Traveling performance troupes advertised the product in medicine shows across the Midwest, with runs as long as six weeks in a town. They used horse-drawn wagons and dressed in silk top hats, frock coats, pinstriped trousers, and patent leather shoes—with spats.
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As soon as he walks through the curtain, he is stabbed in the front by Vitaly. As established in an earlier scene (for reasons which are unexplained), Logan has the ability to read the minds of gay people, and through the male fight attendant, Bruce, he prevents Jenna from using the oxygen mask, since Vitaly replaced it with chloroform. Logan and Vitaly fight each other in the plane, where it is revealed that the "Hashtagacon" convention is all just an elaborate prank, and Vitaly knocks him out with a fire extinguisher. When Logan comes to, Bruce tells him that Vitaly has the only parachute on board, who opens the cargo door to get rid of them.
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Osler's speech was covered by the popular press which headlined their reports with "Osler recommends chloroform at sixty". The concept of mandatory euthanasia for humans after a "fixed period" (often 60 years) became a recurring theme in 20th century imaginative literature—for example, Isaac Asimov's 1950 novel Pebble in the Sky. In the 3rd edition of his Textbook, he also coined the description of pneumonia as "the friend of the aged" since it allowed elderly individuals a quick, comparatively painless death: "Taken off by it in an acute, short, not often painful illess, the old man escapes those "cold gradations of decay" so distressing to himself and his friends." Coincidentally, Osler himself died of pneumonia.
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The pig mask is a thematic prop worn by Jigsaw and his accomplices throughout the Saw film series to conceal their identities while abducting their "test subjects". As the series continues, the purpose of the pig mask is explored in detail; it is explained to be a tribute to the "Year of the Pig", the year in which Jigsaw started his work. The origin of the pig mask was shown in Saw IV, revealing the first known pig masks to have been latex strap-on masks used at a Year of the Pig Chinese New Year festival. Jigsaw had snatched them and donned one, while using the other one to hold his chloroform-soaked rag.
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Oscar Huntingdon Allis was born on 9 September 1838 in Holley, New York. He obtained his AB in 1864 and his MA in 1865 from Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania. In 1866, he graduated from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and took internship at Philadelphia General Hospital. In 1871, Allis became the original staff surgeon at Presbyterian Hospital of Philadelphia, now Penn Presbyterian Medical Center. While there, he made two major contributions to medicine: the “Allis inhaler,” at the time a safer and more convenient way to administer general anesthesia with ether or chloroform to surgical patients, and the Allis forceps, which is well-known and still used by surgeons today (see above).
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Their next joint project was to produce a set of 16 watercolours for Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book published in 1903, by Macmillan. The success of their painting careers seemed assured, but Maurice ended his life by inhaling chloroform in April 1908, shortly before they were due to leave for a holiday in Sussex with Dr Shuldham, who had arranged that Maurice put down the household cats using the anaesthetic. Although stunned by the death of Maurice, Edward threw himself into his work. The recognition accorded the twins' illustrations of Kipling's classic tale was extraordinary. Consequently, in 1909 Edward illustrated The Fables of Aesop, producing 23 colour plates and a host of pen & ink drawings.
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Organochlorine compounds at elevated levels were also present in groundwater collected from (sample IT9040) a 4.4 meter depth "bore-hole within the former UCIL site". This sample was obtained from a source posted with a warning sign which read "Water unfit for consumption".Greenpeace Research Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter UK Chemicals that have been linked to various forms of cancer were also discovered, as well as trichloroethylene, known to impair fetal development, at 50 times above safety limits specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 2002, an inquiry by Fact-Finding Mission on Bhopal found a number of toxins, including mercury, lead, 1,3,5 trichlorobenzene, dichloromethane and chloroform, in nursing women's breast milk.
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Fearing police will find and question Marc, Simon sends Cathy into the clinic dressed as a nurse to give the dying man a fatal air embolism after an attempt to take him away fails. Simon's next project is to steal a large quantity of heroin being transported out of France by a rival gang on the night express from Paris to Lisbon. From a helicopter, he is lowered onto the speeding train in the empty countryside south of Bordeaux, knocks out the courier with chloroform, and is successfully winched up with the drugs. Coleman, knowing the dead Marc was friends with Louis Costa, arrests him and gets him to confess the names of his accomplices.
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Weaker hydrogen bondsDesiraju, G. R. and Steiner, T. The Weak Hydrogen Bond: In Structural Chemistry and Biology , International Union of Crystallography;2001, are known for hydrogen atoms bound to elements such as sulfur (S) or chlorine (Cl); even carbon (C) can serve as a donor, particularly when the carbon or one of its neighbors is electronegative (e.g., in chloroform, aldehydes and terminal acetylenes).Nishio, M.; Hirota, M.; Umezawa, Y. The CH–π Interactions; Wiley-VCH, New York, 1998. • Wiley-VCH; 1998) Gradually, it was recognized that there are many examples of weaker hydrogen bonding involving donor other than N, O, or F and/or acceptor Ac with electronegativity approaching that of hydrogen (rather than being much more electronegative).
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Former Mormon turned activist Troy Williams offers insight into Mormon practices, beliefs, and attitudes to explain how Mormonism might seem cult-like to one not raised in the religion. When Anderson was sent to England on his mission, McKinney, believing that the church elders deliberately separated them, recruited a pilot (Jackson Shaw, who appears in interviews) to fly her, her friend Keith "K.J." May, and a hired bodyguard named Gil Parker to England on a "rescue mission" McKinney framed in terms of a romantic caper. Upon arriving in England, McKinney allegedly revealed items such as handcuffs, chloroform, and a fake handgun, causing Shaw and Parker to fear they were participating in a crime.
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Leach would later admit that he prescribed it reluctantly, but at the insistence of his patient. Under the laws of the day, one had to sign a book at the chemist's pharmacy as a record of buying medical poisons, but only for large amounts; Dyson bought four small bottles of chloroform instead of one large bottle, and bought them in several shops, claiming that he needed it to remove grease stains. Only after Edwin's death, did Dyson claim to suddenly realize how suspicious his actions were. On New Year's Eve, 31 December 1885, Edwin Bartlett returned from a visit to the dentist and went to sleep alongside Adelaide in their Pimlico flat.
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Just before 4am the next morning Adelaide asked their maid to fetch Dr Leach, fearing Edwin was dead, before rousing the landlady. Edwin's stomach was filled with liquid chloroform. It is just possible that the stories of Edwin's alleged suicide might have been believed and his death considered free of foul play, except that his father, who had always detested Adelaide and had earlier accused her of having an affair with Edwin's younger brother, became extremely suspicious and persuaded authorities to look into the death. An inquest under Mr A Braxton Hicks returned a verdict of wilful murder by Adelaide Bartlett, with George Dyson being an accessory before the fact, and they were both arrested.
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In 1944, Folch was appointed director of the new Biological Research Laboratory at the McLean Hospital (a division of Massachusetts General Hospital) and assistant professor of biological chemistry at Harvard Medical School to develop a program in Neuroscience. His fundamental philosophy was that, to understand the structural chemistry of the brain, it was necessary to identify all brain components. Thus, he developed mild procedures for quantitative extraction of brain lipids leading to the classic method using a chloroform- methanol mixture and a phase partition with water which resulted in quantitative extraction of tissue lipids and removal of water-soluble contaminants. This method became one of the most highly cited papers of the 1950s and was recently featured no.
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It is a clear colorless method and can be converted to the amine hydrochloride etherate which is recrystallized four times from diethyl ether at -30 °C. Neutralization of this salt regenerates the free amine which distilled under high vacuum. It has melting point of −34 °C; boiling point of 164-168 °C at 0.7 mmHg and 365-367 °C at 1 atm; density of 0.810 g/mL at 20 °C; refractive index of n20/D 1.449; flash point of >230 °F; storage temperature is below 30 °C. It can easily soluble in chloroform; it has a form of low melting crystalline mass, and it has the color of white to off-white.
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When dried, the leaves of Tephrosia apollinea were found to contain 4.4% moisture, 21.1% of crude protein, 19.8% of crude fiber, and 10.9% of ash. A chemical analysis found that it contains rotenoids, isolflavones, flavanones, chalcones, and flavones, The chloroform extract of the aerial part of Tephrosia apollinea also revealed seven new 8-prenylated flavonoids, including tephroapollin A-G (1-7). In 2006, researchers of Oman's Sultan Qaboos University published their findings from a chemical investigation into the leaves in which they found it contained semiglabrin, semigalbrinol, and a new flavanone named apollineanin. One 2014 study revealed that pseudosemiglabrin extracted from the aerial parts of Tephrosia apollinea had an antiproliferative effect on cancer cell lines.
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Polyglycolide has a glass transition temperature between 35 and 40 °C and its melting point is reported to be in the range of 225-230 °C. PGA also exhibits an elevated degree of crystallinity, around 45–55%, thus resulting in insolubility in water. The solubility of this polyester is somewhat unusual, in that its high molecular weight form is insoluble in almost all common organic solvents (acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran), while low molecular weight oligomers sufficiently differ in their physical properties to be more soluble. However, polyglycolide is soluble in highly fluorinated solvents like hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and hexafluoroacetone sesquihydrate, that can be used to prepare solutions of the high MW polymer for melt spinning and film preparation.
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Teenager Linus Weems wakes up in an underground bunker (having been drugged with chloroform and kidnapped by a stranger). Linus is originally from a wealthy family, but since the death of his mother and subsequent arguments with his father, he had run away from school and been living on the streets. It was there that the stranger was able to kidnap Linus, by posing as a blind man needing assistance. As Linus adjusts to his new surroundings, he finds that the bunker has a kitchen, bathroom and six small bedrooms, but there are also cameras and microphones so that 'the man upstairs' (as Linus calls the kidnapper) can watch his every move.
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He states that this experience lead him to an epiphany: With capability of great good also, could there come capability of great evil? The kidnapping of Diane was an attempt to answer that hypothesis. In a short series of flash-backs, the build-up to the crime is shown: when Diane was purchasing drinks for herself and Jeff, Barney invites her to check out his work from France in his car and kidnaps her, calming her with chloroform. Then Jeff is taken to the gas station where his lover went missing, and is told that if he drinks a cup of coffee which has been drugged, he will discover her fate by experiencing it.
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A warehouse manager, trying to cover up his theft, hires three petty criminals nicknamed Fool (Балбес), Coward (Трус) and Pro (Бывалый) to stage a break-in. Their elaborate plan goes wrong when Shurik is asked by his landlady, an elderly woman who usually guards the warehouse, to babysit her granddaughter during her shift, and once that proves to be too much for him, to replace her while she takes care of the child. Surprised, Coward fails to neutralize the guard using a handkerchief soaked in chloroform as planned, putting himself to sleep instead. The culmination of the story is the "Warehouse Battle", involving Shurik and the criminals using various impromptu weapons such as musical instruments and rapiers.
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For a carbon center, the result of α-elimination is the formation of a carbene, which includes "stable carbenes" such as carbon monoxide or isocyanides. For instance, α-elimination the elements of HCl from chloroform (CHCl3) in the presence of strong base is a classic approach for the generation of dichlorocarbene, :CCl2, as a reactive intermediate. On the other hand, formic acid undergoes α-elimination to afford the stable products water and carbon monoxide under acidic conditions. α-Elimination may also occur on a metal center, one particularly common result of which is lowering of both the metal oxidation state and coordination number by 2 units in a process known as reductive elimination.
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Formation of pentacene by extrusion of carbon monoxide The precursor itself is prepared in three steps from two molecules of α,α,α',α'-tetrabromo-o-xylene with a 7-tert- butoxybicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene by first heating with sodium iodide in dimethylformamide to undergo a series of elimination and Diels–Alder reactions to form the ring system, then hydrolysing the tert-butoxy group to an alcohol and followed by its oxidation to the ketone. Pentacene synthesis The product is reported to have some solubility in chloroform and is therefore amenable to spin coating. Pentacene is soluble in hot chlorinated benzenes, such as 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, from which it can be recrystallized to form platelets.
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Company Town is an environmental documentary film by Natalie Kottke-Masocco and Erica Sardarian about alleged pollution by a Georgia-Pacific plant in Crossett, Arkansas, shot from 2011 to 2015. The documentary alleges that a spate of fatal cancers and other illnesses is due in part to the factory's emissions and improper waste disposal of known carcinogens including formaldehyde, dioxin, acetaldehyde, and chloroform. The plant has been owned by David Koch and Charles Koch since 2005. The film includes testimony from whistleblower David Guice, whose company was allegedly contracted to quietly dispose of "two hundred thousand cubic yards of 'ash' dredged from the Georgia-Pacific paper mill’s sediment ponds" across Georgia-Pacific property in the town.
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Vacher suffered from poor health, and in July 1914 underwent surgery in which chloroform was used as an anaesthetic. During World War I (1914–18), in January 1915 the Geographical Commission was established in close liaison with the 2nd Bureau of the Army Staff with six geographers, Albert Demangeon, Lucien Gallois, Emmanuel de Martonne, Emmanuel de Margerie, Louis Raveneau and Paul Vidal de la Blache. It seems that Vacher contributed intermittently to the work of the Commission, since his name appears on some of its documents. After the armistice of November 1918 Vacher provided help with maps for the peace negotiations, some of which were added to the collection of the Lille geography department.
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200px A hydrogen bond (H-bond), is a specific type of interaction that involves dipole–dipole attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative, partially negative oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or fluorine atom (not covalently bound to said hydrogen atom). It is not a covalent bond, but instead is classified as a strong non-covalent interaction. It is responsible for why water is a liquid at room temperature and not a gas (given water's low molecular weight). Most commonly, the strength of hydrogen bonds lies between 0–4 kcal/mol, but can sometimes be as strong as 40 kcal/mol In solvents such as chloroform or carbon tetrachloride one observes e.g.
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Chem-Dyne is a hazardous waste dump site located on the east side of Hamilton. In 1982, the Justice Department disclosed that the hazardous chemicals at the dump included arsenic, benzene, cyanides, vinyl chloride, naphthalene, chloroform, polychlorinated biphenyls, trichloroethylene and the pesticides aldrin and dieldrin. The Justice Department filed a lawsuit against Chem-Dyne and asked the court to issue an injunction requiring the defendants to help with cleanup as well as to reimburse the government for clearing and safeguarding the site, which the department said had already cost $826,000. The defendants were alleged to have violated the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Superfund Act established to help pay for cleaning up hazardous waste sites.
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The site was then turned into a private landfill in 1969 and then a commercial solid waste landfill in 1971. At this point the landfill was used to dispose of liquid waste by companies, specifically Atlantic City Electric Company. The liquid waste consisted of industrial chemicals, oils and greases/sludges, septic tank and sewer wastes, which were disposed on the site for 8 years, ending altogether in 1976, but in the meantime, having contaminated the groundwater, soil, air, and nearby creeks, specifically Absecon Creek. Chemicals dumped on the site are believed to be 1,2-Dichloroethane, arsenic, benzene, chloroform, lead, and vinyl chloride, all of which contaminated the groundwater, soil, air, and nearby creeks.
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He made several reforms, notably that inquests were no longer held in public houses, and an improvement in providing local mortuaries. He insisted that a full post-mortem be carried out on bodies. In 1898 he took a doctor, James Mackay, to court for perjury; Mackay had claimed to have performed a post-mortem on a 17-week child but when two other doctors examined the body they found no evidence that Mackay had done so. Some of his more unusual inquests were the Pimlico poisoning by chloroform, the inquest on a body of a baby sent to the Home Secretary, the 'Lambeth Poisoning Case', the 'Tooting Horror', and the "Railway Murder" of Miss Camp.
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Daniell wrote a number of papers on the health benefits of the mineral waters there: He recommended both drinking and bathing in the hot mineral water, which he considered beneficial for anemia, rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, chronic diarrhoea, skin diseases, and many other complaints. After the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) he returned to England to specialise in anaesthetics, working as anaesthetist in several London hospitals to the middle of 1903 and then practising as an anaesthetist in Edinburgh until the end of 1904. During this time he was also an instructor in anaesthetics in London and Edinburgh. He used several agents in addition to ether and chloroform, such as ethyl chloride and a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen.
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He found in particular that the narcotic effect of aliphatic spirits in the homologous sequence increases with the growth of the number of carbon atoms in their molecules, and that the effect of sugar on the heart depends on its stereo chemical structure. A comparative study of diverse soporifics conducted by Professor Kravkov resulted in materialization of his idea of applying non-volatile somnifacients for general anesthesia. Thus, Professor Kravkov suggested application of Hedonal for intravenous anesthesia, which was immediately tested in clinics, and enjoys general recognition today. Professor Kravkov also suggested using Hedonal in combination with chloroform, which started application of so-called combined anesthesia with volatile and non-volatile or basic narcotics.
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Psilocybin is a member of the general class of tryptophan-based compounds that originally functioned as antioxidants in earlier life forms before assuming more complex functions in multicellular organisms, including humans. Other related indole-containing psychedelic compounds include dimethyltryptamine, found in many plant species and in trace amounts in some mammals, and bufotenine, found in the skin of psychoactive toads. Psilocybin is an alkaloid that is soluble in water, methanol and aqueous ethanol, but insoluble in organic solvents like chloroform and petroleum ether. Its pKa values are estimated to be 1.3 and 6.5 for the two successive phosphate OH groups and 10.4 for the dimethylamine nitrogen, so in general it exists as a zwitterionic structure.
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The main issue of this technique is that the cleavage distribution can be biased, lowering the quality of the results. FAIRE-seq (Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements) requires as its first step crosslinking of the DNA with nucleosomes, then DNA shearing by sonication. The free and linked fragments are separated with a traditional phenol-chloroform extraction, since the proteic fraction is stuck in the interphase while the unlinked DNA shifts to the aqueous phase and can be analysed with various methods. Sonication produces random breaks, and therefore is not subject to any kind of bias, and is also the bigger length of the fragments (200-700 nt) makes this technique suitable for wider regions, while it's unable to resolve the single nucleosome.
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Osler is well known in the field of gerontology for the speech he gave when leaving Hopkins to become the Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford. "The Fixed Period", given on February 22, 1905, included some controversial words about old age. Osler, who had a well-developed humorous side to his character, was in his mid- fifties when he gave the speech and in it he mentioned Anthony Trollope's The Fixed Period (1882), which envisaged a college where men retired at 67 and after being given a year to settle their affairs, would be "peacefully extinguished by chloroform". He claimed that, "the effective, moving, vitalizing work of the world is done between the ages of twenty-five and forty" and it was downhill from then on.
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"Come on! Feel the Illinoise!" makes reference to the World's Columbian Exposition, which took place in Chicago in 1893. "John Wayne Gacy, Jr." documents the story of the 1970s Chicago-based serial killer of the same name. Several lyrics make explicit references to events in his life: "[w]hen the swingset hit his head" refers to an event in Gacy's childhood, when a swing hit his head and caused a blood clot in his brain; "He dressed up like a clown for them / with his face paint white and red" alludes to the nickname given to Gacy—the "Killer Clown"; and "He put a cloth on their lips / Quiet hands, quiet kiss on the mouth" references Gacy's use of chloroform to subdue and molest his victims.
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He was visionary in predicting the separation in a short time of surgery of the skeletal system from general surgery. He became a dominant figure in the medical circles of Bologna, holding the prestigious positions of president of the local Academy of Science and, for twenty years from 1854 to 1876, president of the society of medical surgery. He was famous for the great speed of his operations, which was of the utmost importance at a time when surgery was still in its early development, a period in which anesthesia (he was among the first to use chloroform in November 1847) and sterility were in their infancy. He was also the author of studies on thyroid surgery and diseases of the arteries.
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On the March 14 episode of NXT Redemption, Curtis and Maxine were defeated in a mixed tag team match against Derrick Bateman and Kaitlyn, who kissed at the end of the match, solidifying their relationship to the annoyance of Maxine. After William Regal was appointed as NXT's authority figure, Maxine enlisted Curtis' help to allow her to get close to Regal. On the March 21 episode of NXT Redemption, Maxine and Curtis knocked out Matt Striker with chloroform so that Maxine could join Regal on commentary. However, Striker was then kidnapped (kayfabe) by unknown persons, later revealed to be Curt Hawkins and Tyler Reks, who intended to blackmail Curtis and Maxine into using Maxine's charms to get Regal to leave Hawkins and Reks alone.
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Based on Shardul's promise of being able to sell the furniture for more than Rs. 5 crore, each member anticipates a profit of a further Rs. 50 lacs each, at least. They agree that Shiva is to take the money to Bengaluru by train, meet Kalyan, make the exchange and return on the same train. Vikram, who is dating Shardul's wife Mini and desperately wants to emigrate to Canada with her, plans to steal the money from Shiva in the train by using chloroform to make him unconscious. In the pretext of going to Goa for business work, he goes about his plot, driving to Pune (where he uses the name Johnny G to check into hotel) then takes a flight to Goa.
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Louis, Missouri) · Mon, January 15, 1934 · Page 3 During the prosecution's presentation "murder fans saw the heretofore impassive physician reach repeatedly for water, dab her tearful eyes and clutch her throbbing throat."Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois) · Tue, January 16, 1934 · Page 1 The opening statement of Wynekoop's defense team began with a repudiation of Wynekoop's statement to the police, which they stated was prompted by stress. The defense further said that Wynekoop knew nothing of Rheta's death until she found the body, that recent burglaries accounted for cartridges purchased by Earle for the gun, Rheta's hypochondria prompted her self-administration of chloroform, insanity ran in the Gardner family, and a friend of their handyman, John Van Pelt, had access to her practice area.St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St.
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Methods of transformation – The method of preparation of competent cells, the length of time of heat shock, temperature of heat shock, incubation time after heat shock, growth medium used, and various additives, all can affect the transformation efficiency of the cells. The presence of contaminants as well as ligase in a ligation mixture can reduce the transformation efficiency in electroporation, and inactivation of ligase or chloroform extraction of DNA may be necessary for electroporation, alternatively only use a tenth of the ligation mixture to reduce the amount of contaminants. Normal preparation of competent cells can yield transformation efficiency ranging from 106 to 108 cfu/μg DNA. Protocols for chemical method however exist for making supercompetent cells that may yield a transformation efficiency of over 1 x 109.
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Although he attacked Hoech and Norton with the purpose of stealing from them to finance his addiction, it was not, according to him, a case of murder in the first degree. When he sat on Norton's chest to drug her with chloroform - as he had done with Hoech - Beishline broke his sternum. Despite his speech, the jury accused Beishline of murder in the first degree. As he was convicted of murder in the first degree, Beishline's fate would be decided by the prosecutor - either life imprisonment or the death penalty. On January 15, 1993, Cole County officials exhumed the body of 78-year old Herbert Bellman, who was found dead at his home in his home on August 8, 1992.
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Aprotic solvents are neutral, chemically inert substances such as benzene and chloroform. They have a low dielectric constant, do not react with either acids or bases and therefore do not favor ionization. The fact that picric acid gives a colorless solution in benzene which becomes yellow on adding aniline shows that picric acid is not dissociated in benzene solution and also that in the presence of the base aniline it functions as an acid, the development of yellow color being due to formation of the picrate ion. Since dissociation is not an essential preliminary to neutralization, aprotic solvents are often added to 'ionizing' solvents to depress solvolysis (which is comparable to hydrolysis) of the neutralization product and so sharpen the endpoint.
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The trimer has also found applications in research by enabling aromatic coupling reactions between pyridine and either N,N-dialkylanilines or indole, resulting in 4,4'-substituted phenylpyridine derivatives, postulated to go through a cyclophosphazene pyridinium salt intermediate. The compound may also be used as a peptide coupling reagent for the synthesis of oligopeptides in chloroform, though for this application the tetramer octachlorotetraphosphazene usually proves more effective. Finally, both the trimer and tetramer may photochemically react when dissolved in hexane, decaline, benzene or toluene, forming clear liquids identified as alkyl- substituted at P derivatives of the form (NPCl2-xRx)n=3,4. Such reactions proceed under prolonged UVC (mercury arc) illumination, yet the cyclophosphazene rings are not affected, a testiment of their notable chemical stability.
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Other synthetic strategies have also been attempted. For example, orellanine was also synthesized in 9 steps by Dehmlow and Schulz in 1985 using 3-aminopyridine and the desired product was synthesized with 30% yield. In the synthesis done by Tiecco, M. et al. can be seen in the scheme below. In the first step, 3-hydroxy pyridine was first treated with bromine in an alkaline solution to obtain 2. The product of that step was then subjected to O-alkylation using DMF as a solvent to obtain 3. 3 was the oxidized with m-chloroperbenzoic acid in chloroform to give 4. That product was then nitrated with nitric acid and sulfuric acid to obtain a mixture of 5 and 6.
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The original Bargellini reaction (1906): :300px Reaction mechanism for original Bargellini reaction (1906): :700px Present-day Bargellini reaction used for synthesis of hindered morpholinones or piperazinones from ketones (primarily acetone) and 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol (β-amino alcohols) OR 1,2-diaminopropanes (diamines). The solvent used is dichloromethane (DCM), also known as methylene chloride with a benzyltriethylammonium chloride catalyst. The solvent and catalyst are frequently changed when using different reagents. Diamines tend to give higher product yields than β-amino alcohols, as shown in the two possible scenarios below: :500px Reaction mechanism for Bargellini reaction: :700px The reaction mechanism proceeds when a sterically accessible ketone, usually acetone, is added to a solution of chloroform (trichloromethane) under strong basic conditions, creating a trichloromethide anion by deprotonation.
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As part of the campaign to announce the launch, Univision Communications launched an extensive advertising campaign for UniMás that included promotional spots, digital ads, print ads and outdoor advertising in New York City, Los Angeles and Miami. The network's prime time was revamped to feature several new serial dramas formatted of a grittier nature than the romance-themed telenovelas produced by Televisa that air on Univision to appeal to male viewers including the Colombian adaptation of Breaking Bad, Metástasis; the crime dramas Made in Cartagena and ¿Quién Eres Tú? ("Infringement"); and the boxing-themed drama Cloroformo ("Chloroform"), which were included among the relaunched network's initial prime time offerings. UniMás on May 13, 2019 will change its programming to live shows: news, sports, and reality.
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She also thwarts the plan of an aging nuclear scientist named Elijah Cooper to destroy all life on Earth using a doomsday device in "Doomsday Is Tomorrow". Jaime's missions frequently involved undercover work in which she takes on a secret identity, such as a nun, a police officer, a college student, an air- steward, a singer, and a professional wrestler. Her tennis background also came into play occasionally, and she was also from time to time seen having adventures with some of her students in Ojai. As with spy shows at this time, Jaime was frequently kidnapped (more often than not with the use of chloroform or a drugged drink) and placed in dangerous situations from which she would need her bionic abilities to escape.
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Emission spectrum of an ultraviolet deuterium arc lamp Deuterium is most commonly used in hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (proton NMR) in the following way. NMR ordinarily requires compounds of interest to be analyzed as dissolved in solution. Because of deuterium's nuclear spin properties which differ from the light hydrogen usually present in organic molecules, NMR spectra of hydrogen/protium are highly differentiable from that of deuterium, and in practice deuterium is not "seen" by an NMR instrument tuned for light- hydrogen. Deuterated solvents (including heavy water, but also compounds like deuterated chloroform, CDCl3) are therefore routinely used in NMR spectroscopy, in order to allow only the light-hydrogen spectra of the compound of interest to be measured, without solvent-signal interference.
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The fifth child of William Duncan, a merchant, and his wife Isabella Matthews, he was born on 29 April 1826 in Aberdeen. After education at Aberdeen grammar school, he entered Marischal College, Aberdeen, studying Medicine and graduated M.A. in April 1843. He continued study at Edinburgh University in 1845, and, returning to Aberdeen, graduated M.D. in 1846, before he was 21. Duncan spent the winter of 1846–7 in Paris, attending the lectures of Gabriel Andral, Jean Cruveilhier, Mathieu Orfila, and Alfred- Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau. He returned in April 1847, and shortly became the assistant in Edinburgh of James Young Simpson. He assisted Simpson in his experiments in anaesthetics, and on 4 November 1847 experimentally inhaled chloroform to the point of insensibility.
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She has gone and there is a smell of chloroform in the air. At the end of the carriage he spots the sleeping conductor and his discarded jacket and cap and, disguising himself as that official, gets Vassilievitch to open his door, pushes past him, locks the Russian out and unties the bound and gagged girl. They wait in the man's compartment until the next morning and upon arrival in Paris go on an extended run through the city in a bid to shake off any pursuers. They fly from Le Bourget to Croydon where they are met by a man identified as Count Paul Stepanyi (who looks similar to the tall bearded man in Geneva) who takes them to a country house.
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1891 advertisement for J. Collis Browne's Chlorodyne 1891 advertisement for a rival brand of Chlorodyne Chlorodyne was one of the best known patent medicines sold in the British Isles. It was invented in the 19th century by a Dr. John Collis Browne, a doctor in the British Indian Army; its original purpose was in the treatment of cholera. Browne sold his formula to the pharmacist John Thistlewood Davenport, who advertised it widely, as a treatment for cholera, diarrhea, insomnia, neuralgia, migraines, etc. As its principal ingredients were a mixture of laudanum (an alcoholic solution of opium), tincture of cannabis, and chloroform, it readily lived up to its claims of relieving pain, as a sedative, and for the treatment of diarrhea.
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SHRV has been demonstrated to become inactivated following treatment with acid (pH = 3), chloroform (50%), and heat (56 °C). SHRV in distilled water can be completely inactivated by less than five minutes of exposure to 12.5 ppm chlorine, 50 ppm iodine, or a 1:2000 dilution of peroxygen disinfectant. Exposure of infective virions in cell culture material to 2% formalin reduced infectivity by 99.9% after 5 minutes, and completely after 30 minutes. However, exposure of infectious cell culture material to 0.025% formalin for 60 minutes caused only a negligible reduction in infectivity, and more than 50 ppm chlorine was needed to inactivate the virus Also in cell culture fluids, exposure to 500 ppm iodine for 30 minutes did not reduce infectivity.
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The idea of hydrogen in the nascent state having chemical properties different from those of molecular hydrogen was developed the mid-19th century. Alexander Williamson repeatedly refers to nascent hydrogen in his textbook Chemistry for Students, for example writing of the substitution reaction of carbon tetrachloride with hydrogen to form products such as chloroform and dichloromethane that the "hydrogen must for this purpose be in the nascent state, as free hydrogen does not produce the effect". Williamson also describes the use of nascent hydrogen in describing earlier work of Marcellin Berthelot. Franchot published a paper on the concept in 1896, which drew a strongly worded response from Tommasi who pointed to his own work that concluded "nascent hydrogen is nothing else than H + x calories".
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Following that initial administration documented in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal by N.C Keep, Walter Channing described several obstetric cases in which he successfully employed sulfuric ether in the United States. John Snow was responsible for anesthetizing the Queen and is also attributed for influencing public and medical opinions on obstetric anesthesia through his various recorded experiences Though the birth of the Queen's 8th child Prince Leopold on April 7, 1853 was not generally publicized, the London social elite were aware of the use of chloroform in this delivery and found it appealing. Until this time, there had been considerable public and religious opposition to obstetric anesthesia. A woman, Eufame MacAlayne was buried alive in Scotland in 1591 just for seeking pain relief for the birth of her two sons.
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A fictional form of incapacitating agent, sometimes known as "knockout gas", has been a staple of pulp detective and science fiction novels, movies and television shows. It is presented in various forms, but generally is supposed to be a gas or aerosol providing a harmless way of rendering characters quickly and temporarily unconscious without physical contact. (This is in contrast to chloroform, a liquid anesthetic — itself a common element in genre fiction — which requires physically subduing a victim before being applied.) A number of notable fictional characters created in the early 20th century were associated with the use of knockout gas; these include Fu Manchu, Dr. Mabuse, Doc Savage, Batman, and The Avenger. It had become a familiar trope by the 1960s when it was utilized in the X-Men comics.
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Cemil Topuzlu during his military service On 27 August 1903, one of his patients undergoing external urethrotomy under chloroform anaesthesia developed cardiac arrest, and he performed open chest cardiac massage. He also defined the "Do not resuscitate" code in cases involving serious heart disease and other diseases, where life expectancy is very short. He introduced novel vascular suture techniques, which he presented at the International Medical Congress in Moscow in August 1897 and at the annual Congress of the Société de Chirurgie de Paris in July 1904, where he reported two cases of arterial tear during breast carcinoma resection and repair within the same session. He also reported the removal of a pen cover from the right main bronchus of a 7-year- old girl through a tracheotomy in 1903.
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Originally a general practitioner, he accepted a post at the Queen's Hospital, Sidcup, in 1919 as an anaesthetist. The hospital had been established for the treatment of facial injuries sustained in World War I. Working with plastic surgeon Harold Gillies, he was responsible for the development of numerous items of anaesthetic equipment but most particularly the single-tube technique of endotracheal anaesthesia. This was driven by the immense difficulties of administering "standard" anaesthetics such as chloroform and ether to men with severe facial injury using masks; they would cover the operative field. Following the closure of the hospital, and the diminishing numbers of patients seen from the war era, he continued to work with Gillies in private practice but was also appointed to the Westminster and Brompton Hospitals, London.
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Police also theorized that Hawkins may have been hit over the head with a blunt object, rendered unconscious with chloroform, or possibly captured with such brute force that she could not scream out for help. Since she stood just over five feet tall, was visually impaired in the darkness of the night, and without the aid of her contacts or glasses, it would not have been that difficult for someone to overpower her in her vulnerable state. Despite an early response, intense publicity, and an extensive search, the case quickly went cold with no leads. It was considered likely that Hawkins had met the same fate as the other five girls who were suspected of being abducted and killed by the same person, or at least the same group of people.
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In 1901, she was admitted as a member of the São Paulo branch of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute and four years later became a partner in the Associação Médica Beneficente (Benevolent Medical Association) operated by , one of Brazil's most renowned physicians of the period. Also in 1905, she became a member of the Associação Feminina Beneficente e Instrutiva (Women's Benevolent and Instructive Association), an organization founded by , which created nurseries and schools, operated professional training workshops, and established orphanages to assist poor and working women throughout the state of São Paulo. In 1906, Rennotte conducted research with Vieira de Carvalho at the Surgery of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia on the effects of chloroform as an anesthesthetic. She presented her findings in 1910 to the Society of Medicine and Surgery of São Paulo.
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In 1945, Smith was facing execution by his captors but was saved by the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki which brought about the end of the war and Smith's liberation. He was said to have displayed "immense courage" to survive the horrific treatment he endured as a prisoner, and by the end of the war, he weighed only 6 stone. His resourcefulness in helping other prisoners was also noted: he made surgical tools to treat prisoners, sedating them with chloroform; he created a distillation unit to obtain clean water; he fixed a radio smuggled into the prison; and he found a way to diagnose malaria in his fellow prisoners earlier. After the war, Smith served in Germany on bomb disposal work for the Royal Army Ordnance Corps.
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Shortly thereafter, a large check made out to Rice's New York City lawyer, signed by the late Rice, aroused the suspicion of a bank teller, due to the misspelling of the recipient's name. The lawyer, Albert T. Patrick, then announced that Rice had changed his will to leave the bulk of his fortune to Patrick, rather than to the creation of Rice's educational institute. A subsequent investigation led by the District Attorney of New York resulted in the arrests of Patrick and of Rice's butler and valet Charles F. Jones, who had been persuaded to administer chloroform to Rice while he slept. Rice's friend and personal lawyer in Houston, Captain James A. Baker, aided in the discovery of what turned out to be a fake will with a forged signature.
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In October 2000, Obara was charged with drugging, raping and killing Blackman, as well as with raping eight other women and the manslaughter of Ridgway. His trial began on July 4, 2001, and on April 24, 2007, he was jailed for life on multiple rape charges and manslaughter, but was acquitted of Blackman's rape and murder due to a lack of direct evidence.Man cleared over death of Lucie BBC News retrieved April 24, 2007 Evidence supporting his guilt of rape included the approximately 400 videos he took, which showed him engaged in date rape activities (including one with Ridgway). For the charge of manslaughter, the prosecutor produced an autopsy report showing traces of chloroform in Ridgway's liver and a paper trail showing that the accused accompanied her to the hospital before she died.
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In addition to the species' ability to metabolize various carbohydrates and other chemical compounds for its growth as previously mentioned; Pseudothielavia terricola also produce bioactive compounds that possess great clinical research value. Thielavin A (C31H34O10)and B (C29H30O10) are two compounds that was isolated from Pseudothielavia terricola culture. These two compounds were shown to be structurally similar to depsides - which consists of three hydroxybenzoic acid groups Additionally, the melting point for the two compound was determined to be 235-236°C and 250°C respectively; They are insoluble in water but soluble in multiple organic solvents including methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, and pyridine. In a study published in 1981, Thielavin A and B were demonstrated to be novel inhibitors of Prostaglandin synthesis, targeting arachidonic acid - prostaglandin H2 conversion and prostaglandin H2-prostaglandin E2 conversion respectively.
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He became a surgeon in the Confederate army, and was president of the board for the admission of surgeons, and chief officer on the medical staff of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, and served with him until the battle of Seven Pines. He was then ordered to build and organize the hospitals at Danville, Virginia, and afterward had charge of the military hospital at Staunton, Virginia, until the war ended. He remained and practised at Staunton after the war, and was for several years superintendent of the lunatic asylum at that place. His contributions to medical literature include papers on potassium bromide, chloral hydrate, the use of chloroform in obstetrical practice, and a “Report upon Advance in Therapeutics,” which was printed in the Transactions of the Virginia Medical Society.
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Listen: Alexander Litvinenko's apparent warning before his death By Lyndsey Telford, Edward Malnick and Claire Newell. 23 January 2015 On 7 June 2017, 33 Russian mafia affiliates and members were arrested and charged by the FBI, U.S. Customs and Border Protection and NYPD for extortion, racketeering, illegal gambling, firearm offenses, narcotics trafficking, wire fraud, credit card fraud, identity theft, fraud on casino slot machines using electronic hacking devices; based in Atlantic City and Philadelphia, murder-for-hire conspiracy and cigarette trafficking. They were also accused of operating secret and underground gambling dens based in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn, and using violence to those who owed gambling debts, establishing nightclubs to sell drugs, plotting to force women associates to rob male strangers by seducing and drugging them with chloroform, and trafficking over 10,000 pounds of stolen chocolate confectionery; the chocolate was stolen from shipment containers.
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Esdaile is thought by many to have been a pioneer in the use of hypnosis for surgical anaesthesia in the era immediately prior to James Young Simpson's discovery of chloroform. However, Esdaile had studied neither hypnotism nor Mesmerism himself. Although some would trace the practice of hypnotherapy back to Faria, Gassner, and Hell, it is conventional to trace what we now know as hypnotism back to the Scottish surgeon James Braid's reaction to a public exhibition of mesmeric techniques given by Charles Lafontaine in Manchester on 13 November 1841 There are some similarities between both the theory and practice of Victorian Mesmerism and hypnotism. Braid viewed the Bengal Government's report (i.e., Atkinson & O’Shaughnessy (1846)), on Esdaile's use of Mesmerism in an Indian hospital favourably, although only 30% of Esdaile's clients were entirely pain-free during their operations.
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On January 29, 1938, it was announced that Zakovsky had been transferred to Moscow as First Deputy head of the NKVD, second in command to the infamous Nikolai Yezhov. Among his first tasks was to dispose of the head of the NKVD foreign department, Abram Slutsky. Rather than have him arrested, which might have provoked foreign agents to defect, Zakovsky crept up on him while he was talking to fellow officer Mikhail Frinovsky and stupefied him with chloroform, allowing another officer to inject him with poison. Zakovsky also took part in interrogating the former head of the NKVD, Genrikh Yagoda, to get him to confess under torture to being a terrorist, but on April 19, 1938, he was himself arrested and accused of being part of the 'Yagoda conspiracy,' of being a spy, and of organising a Latvian nationalist clique within the NKVD.
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The experiments were carried out in his laboratory at University College, as were those for the Society's Chloroform Committee (1864), of which Harley was also a member. In toxicology, Harley made researches into the action of strychnine, and on Calabar bean; and in 1864 read a paper to the British Association poisoned arrows. He demonstrated that strychnia and wourali have the property of reciprocally neutralising the toxic effects of one another. Harley's major publications treated of the diseases of the liver. Expanding from his thesis M.D. “Oleum jecoris aselli” submitted to the University of Edinburgh in 1850, in 1863 he published Jaundice, its Pathology and Treatment; this he eventually replaced in 1883 by his book on Diseases of the Liver,; it was reprinted in Canada and in America, and was translated into German by Dr. J. Kraus of Carlsbad.
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A young Mormon missionary, Kirk Anderson, went missing on 14 September 1977, in Ewell, Surrey. He was allegedly abducted from the steps of a meetinghouse of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Keith May, 24, who had posed as an investigator into Mormonism, using a fake handgun and chloroform. Three days later, a freed Anderson made a report to the police that he had been abducted, driven to Devon, and imprisoned against his will, chained to a bed in a cottage, where Joyce Bernann McKinney (a former 1973 Miss Wyoming World; born August 6, 1949 as Joy McKinney) had attempted to seduce and then raped him. Police set up a sting operation by having Anderson set up a 21 September rendezvous with McKinney and May leading to the two suspects being arrested.
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Permian Dusk received a positive review from Rock Hard, which gave it a score of 9.5/10 and led their reviewer, Wolfram Küper, to declare it as the best power metal album of the year. Allmusic's Stewart Mason felt it avoided the "more annoying aspects of modern metal", where Tim's vocals showed "oddly perfect diction and haughty delivery of an old-school metal singer" and the rest of the band "plays it fast and melodic, with clean-sounding chorused guitars riffing". The group provided a music video for "Chloroform Divinity", which was co-written by Hodges and Smith. In November 2006, it was announced that Swedish keyboardist Kaspar Dahlqvist, a former member of various bands including Dionysus, Stormwind, Treasureland and Circle II Circle, had joined the Ilium line-up, though personal issues have meant that he was unable to continue with the band.
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Reports of safety lapses in the plant had started surfacing in 1981 — three years before the disaster — when a minor gas leak killed an employee inside the plant. Keswani first wrote about inadequate safety standards on 26 September 1982 with a title "Bachaiye huzoor is shahar ko bachaiye" ("Save Please, Save This City") in the small weekly paper Rapat. He repeated the warning in two follow-up articles on 1 October "Jwalamukhi ke muhane baitha Bhopal" ("Bhopal sitting on the brink of a volcano") and on 8 October "Na samjhoge to aakhir mit hi jaoge" ("If you don’t understand, you all shall be wiped out") that year. On 5 October, four days after the second article, 18 people at the Union Carbide plant were exposed to a mixture of chloroform, methyl isocyanate and hydrochloric acid from a leaking valve.
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Hawkins and Reks then became NXT's troublemakers, tormenting NXT host Matt Striker on his lacklustre career and how they should be main-eventing NXT, even once going to the extent of assaulting him after a match. This forced Striker to appoint William Regal as NXT's prime authority figure on the February 29 episode of NXT. Regal often employed harsh measures to keep Hawkins and Reks in line, including threatening suspensions for bad behaviour and condemning them to janitorial duty, this caused them much frustration. On the March 21, 2012 episode of NXT Redemption, a storyline began in which Striker was knocked out with chloroform by Johnny Curtis and Maxine, and then Striker was kidnapped by unknown persons, later revealed to be Hawkins and Reks, who intended to blackmail Maxine into using her charms to get Regal to leave them alone.
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Ugandan booby trap is the name given to a group of crimes first reported in late 2008 in Uganda. The victims were discovered by police to have been found stripped naked, with all their possessions taken. When discovered, they were not able to remember anything about the circumstances which led to their being in that position, other than "being in the act of romancing", elsewhere described as "intimate activity", with an attractive, busty lady that had met earlier at a bar. A spokesman for Uganda's Criminal Investigations Directorate, Fred Enanga, found that the women involved had smeared their chests with chloroform, and several other types of strong sedatives, Enanga also stated that he first became aware of the situation after a known thief, Juliana Mukasa, whom Enanga described as a "very dangerous lady", "made a clean breast of the matter".
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Hawkins and Reks would then settle into the role of NXT's troublemakers, tormenting NXT host Matt Striker on his lackluster career and how they should be main-eventing NXT, even once going to the extent of assaulting him after a match. This forced Striker to appoint William Regal as NXT's prime authority figure on the February 29 episode of NXT. Regal would employ harsh measures to keep Hawkins and Reks in line, including threatening suspensions for bad behaviour and condemning them to janitorial duty, this caused them much frustration. On the March 21 episode of NXT Redemption, Striker was knocked out with chloroform by Johnny Curtis and Maxine, and then Striker was kidnapped (kayfabe) by unknown persons, later revealed to be Hawkins and Reks, who intended to blackmail Maxine into using her charms to get Regal to leave them alone.
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The search for survivors was ongoing on 23 March; one survivor was rescued from the site on the morning of 23 March, but 25 of the 28 people earlier reported missing were found dead. According to the Jiangsu environmental protection bureau, the monitored levels of benzene, toluene, and xylene in the area were not abnormal, and levels of acetone and chloroform outside the explosion area were within normal limits. However, according to the South China Morning Post article entitled "Devastation at blast site after China chemical plant explosion leaves at least 64 dead, 640 injured" discusses the point of the surrounding three rivers were polluted with exceedingly levels of dichloroethane and dichloromethane by 2.8x and 8.4x of the national water quality standards. The 170 meter wide crater and two meters deep requires it to be filled in along with neutralizing the soil to prevent contamination to the surrounding community.
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Granadaene contains a conjugated system made up of a linear chain of 12 conjugated double bonds which is connected to the amino acid ornithine at one end and the sugar rhamnose at the other. Granadaene is dark red, odorless, insoluble in water, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, hexane, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and in most solvents, it is soluble in DMSO–0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Granadaene, can be extracted from cultures of S.agalactiae in granada broth (granada medium without agar) with 0.1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) and purified by size-exclusion chromatography on Sephadex LH using DMSO–0.1%TFA. Streptococcus agalactiae in granada broth Ultraviolet/visible spectrum of granadaene, in DMSO+TFA Proposed metabolic pathway for granadaene biosynthesis The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the granadaene (in DMSO/TFA) is almost identical to that of a carotene with a similar conjugated system of double bonds (e.g.
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There had been various investigations into the question of the safe administration of anaesthetics, but Embley was not satisfied with the conclusions arrived at and made a comprehensive inquiry into the problem. In 1902 he was able to show "that heart muscle is very sensitive to chloroform poisoning, that this drug raises the excitability of the vagus, that deaths in the induction stage of anaesthesia are syncopal and unconcerned with respiration, that failure of respiration is mainly due to fall of blood pressure, and that in the post-indication stages of anaesthesia there is a general depression of all activities and no longer syncope through excited vagus action". This was Embley's most important achievement, and the value of his work was widely recognized. Embley continued his investigations into various aspects of the subject for many years, and was honorary anaesthetist to the Melbourne hospital until 1917.
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Initially formed by Stephen Ellis, Revere (named after a comic- strip in 2000AD)Selena, Yasmin (2008) "Revere play space-age gospel" (feature), Times Online wrote and performed with a rotating line up until 2005 when Ellis relocated to London. The band self-released several singles and EPs in 2005-06, including 'Learning to Breathe' and "Chloroform".2008 "REVERE - Learning to Breathe" (review), Glasswerk Revere spent the years between 2007 and 2010 touring, and working on their debut album.Dennen, Rose (2007) "REVERE" (interview), Big City Redneck2010 REVERE - Tabernacle, London 18/11/10 (Live review), The 4052008 "standon calling - 2008 - the review" (review), sonomuCooper, Simon (2008) "Standon Calling"(review), Clash2009 "Al Stewart and Gabby Young at Devizes Corn Exchange on Wednesday May 2009"(news) This is Wiltshire In spring 2010, the band embarked on a UK tour to promote the release of their third single "We Won't Be Here Tomorrow".
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Williams' proposal was to use chloroform to deliberately hasten the death of terminally ill patients: The essay was favourably reviewed in The Saturday Review, but an editorial against the essay appeared in The Spectator. From there it proved to be influential, and other writers came out in support of such views: Lionel Tollemache wrote in favour of euthanasia, as did Annie Besant, the essayist and reformer who later became involved with the National Secular Society, considering it a duty to society to "die voluntarily and painlessly" when one reaches the point of becoming a 'burden'. Popular Science analyzed the issue in May 1873, assessing both sides of the argument. Kemp notes that at the time, medical doctors did not participate in the discussion; it was "essentially a philosophical enterprise ... tied inextricably to a number of objections to the Christian doctrine of the sanctity of human life".
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Use of trichlorosilane is a standard laboratory method. Industrial routes use phosgene or equivalent reagents, which produce chlorotriphenylphosphonium chloride, which is separately reduced. For chiral phosphine oxides, deoxygenation can proceed with retention or inversion of configuration. Classically, inversion is favored by a combination of trichlorosilane and triethylamine, whereas in the absence of the Lewis base, the reaction proceeds with retention. :HSiCl3 \+ Et3N ⇋ SiCl3− \+ Et3NH+ :R3PO + Et3NH+ ⇋ R3POH+ \+ Et3N :SiCl3− \+ R3POH+ → PR3 \+ HOSiCl3 The popularity of this method is partly attributable to the availability of inexpensive trichlorosilane. Instead of HSiCl3, other perchloropolysilanes, e.g. hexachlorodisilane (Si2Cl6), can also be used. In comparison, using the reaction of the corresponding phosphine oxides with perchloropolysilanes such as Si2Cl6 or Si3Cl8 in benzene or chloroform, phosphines can be prepared in higher yields. :R3PO + Si2Cl6 → R3P + Si2OCl6 :2 R3PO + Si3Cl8 → 2 R3P + Si3O2Cl8 Deoxygenation has been effected with boranes and alanes.
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The molecular free energy of solvation is computed as the sum of three terms: :Gsol = Ges \+ Gdr \+ Gcav ::Ges = electrostatic ::Gdr = dispersion-repulsion ::Gcav = cavitation The Charge-transfer effect is also considered as a part of solvation in cases. The PCM solvation model is available for calculating energies and gradients at the Hartree-Fock and density functional theory (DFT) levels in several quantum chemical computational packages such as Gaussian, GAMESS and JDFTx. The authors of a 2002 paper observe that PCM has limitations where non- electrostatic effects dominate the solute-solvent interactions. They write in the abstract: "Since only electrostatic solute-solvent interactions are included in the PCM, our results lead to the conclusion that, for the seven molecules studied, in cyclohexane, acetone, methanol, and acetonitrile electrostatic effects are dominant while in carbon tetrachloride, benzene, and chloroform other nonelectrostatic effects are more important."B.
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On his first entrance into professional life Anstie was occupied in administering chloroform for the operations of Sir William Fergusson; but he soon went into practice as a physician, and became very fully occupied in hospital work and in journalism, being for some years a member of the editorial staff of The Lancet; while in the last few years of his life he was beginning to get a good consulting practice. Dr. Anstie's life was cut short by an illness contracted in the course of a sanitary inspection. Some strange cases of fatal disease having occurred in the schools of the Patriotic Fund at Wandsworth, Anstie was called in to make an inspection of the buildings and investigate the causes of the epidemic. In making a post-mortem examination he received a slight wound, from the effects of which he died on 12 September 1874.
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The town also contains the Kutkai General Hospital. In the 1990s, Kutkai township was exposed as a major raw opium producing area. From September 1996, the U.S. Department of State funded $530,000 and established agricultural cooperatives in 25 villages in Kutkai township to crack down on the illegal drugs trade by promoting the growth of buckwheat, wheat, potatoes and other vegetables. Large quantities of opium were confiscated from the houses of villagers in the area in the summer of 1999. On July 31-August 1, 2003, a refinery was raided in Kutkai Township between the villages of Namhsaungkye and Nampyin revealing 62.452 kilos of heroin, 36.4 kilos of raw opium, 661.5 litres of lysol, 135 kilos of ether, 2,844 litres of chloroform, 202.5 litres of hydrochloric acid, 972 litres of acetic anhydrite, 2,975 kilos of ammonium chloride, 500 kilos of sodium carbonate, 500 grams of potassium chloride and 3.6 kilos of sodium, various weapons and 13 implements used in the refining of narcotic drugs.
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Because of the unique social setting of London medicine, anesthesia had become its own speciality there by the end of the nineteenth century, while in the rest of the United Kingdom and most of the world anesthesia remained under the purview of the surgeon who would assign the task to a junior doctor or nurse. After Austrian diplomat Karl von Scherzer brought back sufficient quantities of coca leaves from Peru, in 1860 Albert Niemann isolated cocaine, which thus became the first local anesthetic. In 1871, the German surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg (1844–1924) published a paper describing the first successful elective human tracheotomy to be performed for the purpose of administration of general anesthesia. In 1880, the Scottish surgeon William Macewen (1848–1924) reported on his use of orotracheal intubation as an alternative to tracheotomy to allow a patient with glottic edema to breathe, as well as in the setting of general anesthesia with chloroform.
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It is barely soluble in water, but very soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform or diethyl ether. Aconitine is also soluble in mixtures of alcohol and water if the concentration of alcohol is high enough. Like many other alkaloids, the basic nitrogen atom in one of the six-membered ring structure of aconitine can easily form salts and ions, giving it affinity for both polar and lipophilic structures (such as cell membranes and receptors) and making it possible for the molecule to pass the blood-brain barrier. The acetoxyl group at the c8 position can readily be replaced by a methoxy group, by heating aconitine in methanol, to produce a 8-deacetyl-8-O-methyl derivatives. If aconitine is heated in its dry state, it undergoes a pyrolysis to form pyroaconitine ((1α,3α,6α,14α,16β)-20-ethyl-3,13-dihydroxy-1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-15-oxoaconitan-14-yl benzoate) with the chemical formula C32H43NO9.
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Though the essential oil yield of Angelica seeds are slightly higher, it's the roots which are generally preferred for culinary and aroma uses. Angelica seeds have a similar chemical composition to the roots, including α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, myrcene, β-phellandrene, limonene, caryophyllene, borneol, carvone and others. Both the seeds and roots contain coumarins and furocoumarins. Among these are 2′-angeloyl-3′-isovaleryl vaginate, archangelicin, oxypeucedanin hydrate, bergapten, byakangelicin angelate, imperatorin, isoimperatorin, isopimpinellin, 8-[2-(3-methylbutroxy)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy]psoralen, osthol, ostruthol, oxypeucedanin, phellopterin, psoralen and xanthotoxin, can be isolated from a chloroform extract of the roots of A. archangelicaStrategy for the isolation and identification of coumarins with calcium antagonistic properties from the roots of Angelica archangelica. P. Härmälä, H. Vuorela, R. Hiltunen, Sz. Nyiredy, O. Sticher, K. Törnquist and S. Kaltia, Phytochemical Analysis, January 1992, Volume 3, Issue 1, pages 42–48, as well as several heraclenol derivatives.
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Entrusted to feed them, Cesar breaking her directions and feeds Rocio a slice of pie. Clara entering her apartment opens up letters she has received then tears them and throws them away all while Cesar is hiding under her bed waiting for her to fall asleep in order to use chloroform to keep her asleep so he can maliciously mess with her care product. It is the morning after sneaks out of Clara’s apartment with Ursula waiting outside and demands that she will keep her mouth shut if Cesar provides her with an adult movie. Cesar working in the lobby finds Veronica heading out of the apartment and he questions Veronica where Rocio is and she explains that Rocio has horrible diarrhea to something he may have eaten. Ursula sneaking out of school goes to Cesar’s apartment and asks for the videotape and tells him that she and Clara talked about Cesar and the price for her keeping her mouth shut will be 100 euros.
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The group sneaks into his house at night, learning that Jerry has upped his game with various outfits and even Chloroform. Hoagie also notices a receipt for Jerry's tuxedo, learning that he will pick it up the next morning. Before they could learn anything more, they are forced to leave when Jerry sets up a convincing ruse that he is in Hoagie’s bedroom with his old stuffed bear from childhood, but in actuality, he was in his own basement the whole time. The next morning, Hoagie, knowing where Jerry will be, disguises himself as an elderly woman and ambushes Jerry at the mall, but is defeated. Then, at a rehearsal dinner at the country club, Jerry invites Cheryl Deakins, Bob and Chilli’s high school crush, to distract the group, and the attempt to tag Jerry results in a golf car chase that eventually leaves Hoagie, Chilli, and Kevin all caught in painful traps in the woods, set by Jerry and the golf grounds crew.
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Their almost concurrently invented devices consisted of a narrow armlet to occlude the brachial artery, a small bicycle-type metal pump and a metal manometer graduated in mmHg.Hill L, Barnard H: A simple and accurate form of sphygmometer or arterial pressure gauge contrived for clinical use. BMJ 1897 ii 904 It seems surprising that the first report of blood pressure monitoring during anesthesia did not mention the use of sphygmographs, which had already been in common use at this time . One reason might be that the former practice totally relied on the observation of breathing as the sole method of monitoring; even the palpation of pulse during ether or chloroform administration was not recognized as a good practice. Another reason may be found directly in the title of the report: “A simple and accurate form of sphygmometer or arterial pressure gauge contrived for clinical use” – implying that for clinical use the device must be simple and accurate.
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Triethyl orthoformate is an organic compound with the formula HC(OC2H5)3. This colorless volatile liquid, the orthoester of formic acid, is commercially available. The industrial synthesis is from hydrogen cyanide and ethanol.Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals, Third edition, 2011, page 9288 It may also be prepared from the reaction of sodium ethoxide and chloroform: : CHCl3 \+ 3 Na+ \+ 3 EtO− -> HC(OEt)3 \+ H2 \+ 3 NaCl Triethyl orthoformate is used in the Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis, for example: : RMgBr + HC(OC2H5)3 → RC(H)(OC2H5)2 \+ MgBr(OC2H5) : RC(H)(OC2H5)2 \+ H2O → RCHO + 2 C2H5OH In coordination chemistry, it is used to convert metal aquo complexes to the corresponding ethanol complexes:Willem L. Driessen, Jan Reedijk "Solid Solvates: The Use of Weak Ligands in Coordination Chemistry" Inorg. Synth., 1992, Vol. 29,111–118. :[Ni(H2O)6](BF4)2 \+ 6 HC(OC2H5)3 → [Ni(C2H5OH)6](BF4)2 \+ 6 HC(O)(OC2H5) + 6 HOC2H5 Triethyl orthoformate (TEOF) is an excellent reagent for converting compatible carboxylic acids to ethyl esters.
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Shahid Bolsen Shahid King Bolsen, nicknamed "The Chloroform Killer", became involved with the company after Detained In Dubai took up his case in 2012. Bolsen admitted to killing a German engineer he met online in 2006 and escaped from prison. Bolsen has been accused of inciting violence against Americans and American businesses in Egypt as recent as 2015, calling in to question his ongoing association with Detained In Dubai According to The New York times, Bolsen is quoted as saying “The idea is disruption without bloodshed, I condemn the loss of life and the use of violence against people,” he said. But, he added, if a few lives are lost to help prevent needless deaths at the hands of security forces, “sometimes it is a price to be paid.” Controversial cases In August 2018, Swedish-Iranian Ellie Holman was charged with having alcohol in her blood after drinking one complimentary glass of wine on an Emirates flight prior to her arrival in Dubai.
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Organolead compounds can be derived from Grignard reagents and lead chloride. For example, methylmagnesium chloride reacts with lead chloride to tetramethyllead, a water-clear liquid with boiling point 110 °C and density 1.995 g/cm³. Reaction of a lead(II) source with sodium cyclopentadienide gives the lead metallocene, plumbocene. Certain arene compounds react directly with lead tetraacetate to aryl lead compounds in an electrophilic aromatic substitution. For instance anisole with lead tetraacetate forms 'p-methoxyphenyllead triacetate in chloroform and dichloroacetic acid: :p-methoxyphenyllead triacetate synthesis Other compounds of lead are organolead halides of the type RnPbX(4-n), organolead sulfinates (RnPb(OSOR)(4−n)) and organolead hydroxides (RnPb(OH)(4−n)). Typical reactions are:Elschenbroich, C.; Salzer, A. ”Organometallics : A Concise Introduction” (2nd Ed) (1992) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. : + HCl → R3PbCl + RH : + SO2 → R3PbO(SO)R :R3PbCl + 1/2Ag2O (aq) → R3PbOH + AgCl :R2PbCl2 \+ 2 OH− → + 2 Cl− compounds are amphoteric. At pH lower than 8 they form R2Pb2+ ions and with pH higher than 10, R2Pb(OH)3− ions.
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Sudan Black is formed by coupling of diazotized 4-phenylazo-1-naphthylamine with 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1H-perimidine. Therefore the main product expected was 2,3-dihydro-2,2dimethyl-6-[(4-phenylazo-1-naphthalenyl)-azo]-1H-perimidine. However the dye resulting from the above reaction product actually contains many, up to 42 colored and colorless by-products that can be fractionated. The two major products were blue in color confirmed by various chromatographic (TLC and column etc.) separation and spectroscopic (IR, NMR, Mass) identification were named SBB-I & SBB-II (Rf values of 0.49 and 0.19 (chloroform/benzene 1∶1, SiO2) in thin Layer Chromatography).HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY Volume 16, Number 1 (1968), 68-84, DOI: 10.1007/BF00306212 Thin layer chrornatography and histochemistry of Sudan Black B A. G. W. Lansink The above described product indeed turned out to be SSB-II which comprises up to 60% of the mixture, and the SBB-I was 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-[(4-phenylazo-1-naphthalenyl)-azo]-1H-perimidine.
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She published papers on physiology and her research into the effects of anesthesia by means of ether or chloroform on muscles, nerves, and the nervous system. Joteyko was particularly interested in muscle and central nervous system fatigue and increasingly worked on methods to quantitatively measure fatigue. Her scientific works were recognized with numerous honors, including a joint award in 1900 with Casimir Radzikowski for the Desmath Prize of the Imperial and Royal Academy of Brussels; a co-honor in 1901 with Stefanowska for the Dieudonnée Prize of the and with Victor Pachon for the Montyon Prize of the French Academy of Sciences; and in 1903 co-honors with Paul-Émile Garnier and for the Lallemand Prize of the French Academy of Sciences and the Monyton Prize with Stefanowska and Radzikowski. Józefa Joteyko (seated) and Varia Kipiani, 1910 In 1904, Joteyko became president of the Belgian Neurological Society and chaired the organization's congress in Liège the following year.
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His injuries were recorded later in the dispatch as follows: His citation was recorded in the London Gazette as follows: Addison attended Windsor Castle to receive the award of the Victoria Cross and Queen Victoria noticed that he had difficulty in observing the required protocols when retiring from the Monarch's presence and told him to retire in his usual manner. Addison subsequently received a letter from Sir Charles Beaumont Phipps, Keeper of the Privy Purse, referring to the problems Addison had with his wooden leg, advising him that the Queen said he should order an artificial one using her name, which he duly did. She also recommended that he stayed in London until the artificial leg had been made and that it was to his satisfaction. Gerald Young of the 43rd Light Infantry, whilst describing in his diary the 43rd's march through Central India, during the Indian Mutiny, referred to Addison having had his leg taken off without chloroform and the splendid manner in which he underwent the operation.
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He was originally headed for the Marquesas but changed his mind and disembarked in New Zealand where he took up a military commission and fought in the Hone Heke War. In this conflict he distinguished himself for both gallantry and medical skill. He returned to Edinburgh where he completed his medical degree in 1846. After this he returned to Australia where he was registered as a medical practitioner in Sydney on 3 July 1848. In May 1848 he was appointed coroner in Liverpool, New South Wales and in 1852 he became the health officer for Port Jackson. In 1852 it was noted that Alleyne had used chloroform at the Sydney Infirmary in a successful amputation of the left leg of a girl with "strumous disease". He also played an important part in the suppression of outbreaks of smallpox in Port Jackson in 1876 and 1881. In addition to his duties as a government health officer he took up other roles. Alleyne was an honorary physician for the Sydney Infirmary in 1855–73 and then was made honorary consulting physician in 1875.
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One of the primary elements of the book screenwriter Marc Moss eliminated from his script was the fact that Soneji is actually a mild-mannered suburban husband and father suffering from dissociative identity disorder resulting from having been abused as a child. After a lengthy trial for kidnapping and several murders not included in the film, he is found guilty but remanded to a mental institution to serve his sentence. Also missing from the film is a romantic relationship shared by Cross and Jezzie, her trial and eventual execution by lethal injection, and the discovery of Megan (Maggie as she is known in the book), hidden away with a native Bolivian family near the Andes Mountains, two years after her kidnapping. A few other minor differences from the original book include: Dimitri (Michael "Shrimpie" Goldberg as referred to in the book) being kidnapped at the same time as Megan (Maggie); Megan's (Maggie's) mother was the more famous of her parents, being a popular actress; when the children are kidnapped they are sprayed with chloroform spray.
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In 1959, a young research chemist with Humble Oil and Refining (Esso, now Exxon) named Norman P. Neureiter was instructed to find new uses for the excess butadiene produced from one of the refinery processes. Discussions about carbene chemistry with one of the company's most respectable consultants at the time, William von Eggers Doering, then a professor at Yale, led the young Ph.D. graduate from Northwestern University to follow a recent procedure combining both, carbenes and butadiene. In particular the procedure described the reaction of 1,3-butadiene with carbenes generated from the action of base on chloroform or bromoform, which had been studied previously by Doering. Neureiter then took the resulting 1,1-dichloro-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane and under pyrolysis conditions (above 400 °C) discovered a rearrangement to 4,4-dichlorocyclopentene which today is considered to be the first thermal vinylcyclopropane-cyclopentene rearrangement in history. Vinylcyclopropane Rearrangement of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane to 4,4-dichlorocyclopentene The corresponding all-carbon version of the reaction was independently reported by Emanuel Vogel and Overberger & Borchert just one year after the Neureiter publication appeared.
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P (1992) 3 volumes, Bonn RGZM The carving at Monasterbonice county Louth does show a type of chloroform triangular instrument, however the stone is weathered and unclear if the figure is playing a true triangular harp, and others think it strongly resembles the Ullard lyre. Another study argue that many such crosses from the pre-Norman period survive in Ireland, however what is striking is that there are no triangular framed harps, Some early texts make the reference coir-cethar-chuir ‘four angled music' which refers to a four sided instrument. Other contemporary Irish sources of the period, namely the Cotton manuscript still depict a plucked lyre correspond to the shrine of St Maelruain Gospel, the Durrow Cross lyre and the three stringed lyre carving of judgement of Solomon at Ardmore Cathedral. The first true representations of the Irish triangular harp does not appear till the late 11th century in reliquary on the St. Moedoc shrine, while the Gospel of St Maelruain from the same period still traditionally depicts a lyre with three strings.
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An activated carbon filter system was used to collect samples of organic contaminants in water, which were then extracted using chloroform and ethanol, and converted to acetylene for measurement, making use of a double-tube combustion system developed to completely burn the highly flammable samples in a controlled manner. Fossil carbon such as petroleum, natural gas, and coal is depleted in compared to the contemporary carbon in animal and plant matter. Their data was reported as a proportion of contemporary carbon to fossil carbon, and the results where consistent with the known pollution sources at the chosen sample sites, and provided new information at sites where this proportion could not be predicted by other means. This work was expanded upon in 1975 by Spiker and Rubin, when they published a water pollution study describing the measurement of activity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in surface water and groundwater, this time applying high-intensity ultraviolet radiation to large water samples to convert DOC to via photo-oxidation, for measurement.
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A year and a half on after the aggression, on 15 November 2017, the Court of Navarre took two diverging paths concerning evidence during the inquest; it unanimously accepted as evidence a report by a private detective commissioned by the defence to track the victim's whereabouts and behaviour following her assault, ultimately aimed at showing that the victim "held normal interactions" in social networks, and undermine her case. By contrast, the tribunal rejected as evidence relevant to the lawsuit footage from 1 May 2016 in Pozoblanco, Andalusia, showing the La Manada men sitting in their van next to an unconscious 21 year-old girl, and speaking of "fucking the Sleeping Beauty", "the new Marta del Castillo", wondering whether she was dead, as well as citing burundanga, and chloroform. On Thursday, 26 April 2018, five months after the trial, the Provincial Court of Navarre published its judgment. The court sentenced the five accused to nine years in prison for continued sexual abuse, although they did not find them guilty of sexual aggression (which would have meant 12 to 15 years of prison).
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On the March 7 episode of NXT Redemption, in a segment with Johnny Curtis and Derrick Bateman, Maxine revealed to Bateman that they were no longer dating after Kaitlyn kissed Bateman, leading to a mixed tag team match in which Maxine and Curtis lost to Kaitlyn and Bateman on the March 14 episode of NXT Redemption, and Bateman would afterwards confess his love for Kaitlyn, thus solidifying their relationship. After William Regal was appointed as NXT's match co-ordinator, Maxine would attempt to get close to him in the hopes that he would help her get her out of NXT. On the March 21 episode of NXT Redemption, Maxine and Johnny Curtis knocked out Matt Striker with chloroform in the storyline, so that Maxine could join Regal on commentary, however, Striker was then kidnapped by two masked figures, later revealed to be Curt Hawkins and Tyler Reks, who intended to blackmail Maxine and Curtis into using her charms to get Regal to leave them alone. Striker was then rescued by Bateman and Kaitlyn on the April 11 episode of NXT Redemption.
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Examples of plant resins include amber, Balm of Gilead, balsam, Canada balsam, Boswellia, copal from trees of Protium copal and Hymenaea courbaril, dammar gum from trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae, Dragon's blood from the dragon trees (Dracaena species), elemi, frankincense from Boswellia sacra, galbanum from Ferula gummosa, gum guaiacum from the lignum vitae trees of the genus Guaiacum, kauri gum from trees of Agathis australis, hashish (Cannabis resin) from Cannabis indica, labdanum from mediterranean species of Cistus, mastic (plant resin) from the mastic tree Pistacia lentiscus, myrrh from shrubs of Commiphora, sandarac resin from Tetraclinis articulata, the national tree of Malta, styrax (a Benzoin resin from various Styrax species), spinifex resin from Australian grasses, and turpentine, distilled from pine resin. Amber is fossil resin (also called resinite) from coniferous and other tree species. Copal, kauri gum, dammar and other resins may also be found as subfossil deposits. Subfossil copal can be distinguished from genuine fossil amber because it becomes tacky when a drop of a solvent such as acetone or chloroform is placed on it.
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Balfe with Outlander co-stars Tobias Menzies and Sam Heughan While living in New York, Balfe played the minor role of an employee of the magazine Runway in the 2006 film The Devil Wears Prada. In 2009, after a decade-long modelling career, Balfe returned to her initial career choice and moved from New York to Los Angeles, spending her first year and a half in the city exclusively taking acting classes, first at the Warner Loughlin Studios and then at the Sanford Meisner Center and the Judith Weston Studios. Balfe has appeared in the films Super 8, as the protagonist's mother, Now You See Me, as Michael Caine's character's wife, and Escape Plan, as the CIA lawyer that hires Sylvester Stallone's character. In 2012 she portrayed Alex #34 in The Beauty Inside, a social film divided into six episodes telling the story of a man named Alex (Topher Grace) who wakes up in a different body every day. In 2013 she starred in the music videos for "First Fires" by British musician Bonobo and for "Chloroform" by French band Phoenix, the latter directed by Sofia Coppola.
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Like many American films of the time, The Curse of Iku was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors required cuts, in Reel 1, of the Japanese man murdering foreigner and wiping bloody sword, Reel 3, four closeup torture scenes showing young woman and flash four others, four scenes of crucifixion, Reel 4, all scenes of white woman in Japanese man's room, all scenes of Japanese man looking through keyhole into young woman's room and reflection in his eye, Reel 5, two scenes of Japanese man pouring chloroform on handkerchief, three scenes of slugging woman's father, attack on young woman in automobile and chloroforming her, scene of man being dragged from river, Reel 6, Japanese woman with hypodermic needle in hand, the intertitle "Iku gives you choice; will you be his dutiful wife or the plaything of the rabble?", two scenes of young American woman fighting with Japanese man, closeup of "woman tamer" leering through barred doors, Reel 7, stabbing of Japanese woman, two closeups of fight where daggers are used, and closeup of Japanese man with blood flowing from mouth.
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Tautomerisation of the sodium salt of pyrithione (thione form on the left, thiolate form on the right) Pyrithione exists as a pair of prototropes, a form of tautomerism whereby the rapid interconversion of constitutional isomers involves the shift of a single proton, in this case between the sulfur and oxygen atoms (shown in the infobox). Salts of the conjugate base of pyrithione can also be considered to exhibit tautomerism by notionally associating the sodium ion with whichever heteroatom bears the negative charge of the anion (as opposed to the formal charges associated with the N-oxide); however, considering the anion alone, this could also be described as an example of resonance. Pyrithione is a weak acid with pKa values of −1.95 and +4.6 (thiol proton), but is a markedly stronger acid than either of its parent compounds (pyridine-N-oxide and pyridine-2-thiol), both of which have pKa > 8. It is only slightly soluble in water (2.5 g L−1) but is soluble in many organic solvents (including benzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and ethyl acetate) and slight solubility in others (diethyl ether, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran).
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Anne Mary Guion Charles James Fox (London, 25 Jan 1799 – London, 12 May 1874), son of Joseph Fox, married Windsor, 12 Aug 1828 with Anne Mary Guion (AKA: Nanette) (London, 4 Nov 1798, Christened St. George the Martyr, Queen Square, Holborn 6 Aug 1802 – London, 12 Mar 1876) daughter of Capt.RN Gardiner Henry Guion and Polini Witnesses were Joseph Fox (Father), R.D. Mitchell (brother in law), & Anna Maria DoreGenealogy of the Fox Family Children Gardiner Guion Fox 1- Charles James Fox + (Ramsgate, London, 2 Jun 1829 – Gravenhurst, Canada, 12 Dec 1895 (Overdose chloroform) married 1st Elizabeth Anna Carkeit 2 Sep 1853; 2nd ca 1890 Agatha Fulker 2- Francis Fox (Bef 1833-Bef 1871), never married, dsp 3- Gardiner Guion Joseph Fox ++ (1833 – Singapore, 11 Feb 1881), never married, dsp Henry Edward Fox and Sarah Jane Lawson 4- Henry Edward Fox +++ (3 Feb 1835 – 1915) married Notre Dame de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 12 Sep 1870 with Sarah Jane Lawson. Descendants are living in Canada. 5- Frederick William Fox (1837 – Gent, 25 Oct 1901) never married, dsp Emily Albers-Fox 6- Emily Josephine Fox (Billiter Street, Londen city, 16 Nov 1840 – Nijmegen, Netherlands, 23 Mar 1932) married Londen, 2 Oct 1867 with François Albers (Article in Dutch Wikipedia).
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