For example, CHCl3 (chloroform) is trichloromethane. The anesthetic Halothane (CF3CHBrCl) is 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane.
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The substance is stable when dissolved in ether and trichloromethane at −30 °C, but decomposes into a 1:1 mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) upon heating to 0 °C. The stability and conformation of the molecule were also analyzed by theoretical methods.
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Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with formula CHCl3. It is a colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid that is produced on a large scale as a precursor to PTFE. It is also a precursor to various refrigerants. It is one of the four chloromethanes and a trihalomethane.
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2-Methyl-2-butene, 2m2b, 2-methylbut-2-ene, also amylene is an alkene hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C5H10. Used as a free radical scavenger in trichloromethane (chloroform) and dichloromethane (methylene chloride). John Snow experimented with it in the 1840s as an anesthetic, but stopped using it for unknown reasons.
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1181, Zeidler called DDT dimonochlorphenyltrichloräthan. It was further described in 1929 in a dissertation by W. Bausch and in two subsequent publications in 1930. The insecticide properties of "multiple chlorinated aliphatic or fat- aromatic alcohols with at least one trichloromethane group" were described in a patent in 1934 by Wolfgang von Leuthold.Wolfgang von Leuthold, Schädlingsbekämpfung.
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Trichloromethyl is a functional group that has the formula –CCl3. The naming of is group is derived from the methyl group (which has the formula –CH3), by replacing each hydrogen atom by a chlorine atom. Compounds with this group are a subclass of the organochlorines. Some notable examples of compounds with this group are trichloromethane H–, 1,1,1-trichloroethane –, and chloral –.
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1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) is a chemical compound with the formula C6H12N3P, a product of the substitution of a nitrogen atom of hexamethylenetetramine with a phosphorus atom. It is soluble in water, methanol, trichloromethane, acetone, ethanol and DMSO, insoluble in hydrocarbon solvent. As a reagent in organic synthesis, it is used as a ligand for transition metal complexes and as a catalyst for Baylis–Hillman reactions.
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The formal naming of haloalkanes should follow IUPAC nomenclature, which put the halogen as a prefix to the alkane. For example, ethane with bromine becomes bromoethane, methane with four chlorine groups becomes tetrachloromethane. However, many of these compounds have already an established trivial name, which is endorsed by the IUPAC nomenclature, for example chloroform (trichloromethane) and methylene chloride (dichloromethane). But nowadays, IUPAC nomenclature is used.
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PMMA can be joined using cyanoacrylate cement (commonly known as superglue), with heat (welding), or by using chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane or trichloromethane"Working with Plexiglas" . science-projects.com. (chloroform) to dissolve the plastic at the joint, which then fuses and sets, forming an almost invisible weld. Scratches may easily be removed by polishing or by heating the surface of the material. Laser cutting may be used to form intricate designs from PMMA sheets.
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There are also systems with negative deviations that have vapor pressures that are lower than expected. Such a deviation is evidence for stronger intermolecular attraction between the constituents of the mixture than exists in the pure components. Thus, the molecules are "held in" the liquid more strongly when a second molecule is present. An example is a mixture of trichloromethane (chloroform) and 2-propanone (acetone), which boils above the boiling point of either pure component.
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Responding to complaints, the Thai Pollution Control Department tested creek water and groundwater. It found that levels of heavy metals (lead, nickel, and barium) exceeded their standards. They also found high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, 1,1,2-trichloromethane and Cis-1,2-dichloroethylene. The Department of Industrial Works and Ratchaburi's Industry Office, since 2002, have sent 19 letters ordering the plant to improve its operation, and at least six orders for the plant to shut down parts of its facility.
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The effects of aerosol and land- use changes (e.g., deforestation) reduced the physical effect (the radiative forcing) of this to 311 to 435 ppm -eq, with a central estimate of about 375 ppm -eq. The 2011 estimate of -eq concentrations (the long-lived GHGs, made up of , methane (), nitrous oxide (), chlorofluorocarbon-12 (CFC-12), CFC-11, and fifteen other halogenated gases)CFC-113, tetrachloromethane (), trichloromethane (), HCFCs 22, 141b and 142b, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 134a, 152a, 23, 143a, and 125, SF6, and halons 1211, 1301 and 2402 is 473 ppm -eq (NOAA, 2012). The NOAA (2012) estimate excludes the overall cooling effect of aerosols (e.g.
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The high temperatures of cement kilns, the ability of concrete to incorporate different materials, and the stable and nonreactive nature of the concrete end product, all make cement kilns a desirable method for the destruction of hazardous waste. Hazardous wastes efficiently destroyed by cement kilns include chlorinated solvents (methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, trichloromethane, trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride), Freon-113, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin, waste oil, and used hydrocarbon solvents. Whatever undesirable materials are not destroyed are locked in the finished concrete, a stable material with low permeability. Hydrocarbon waste and used tires contribute to the kiln heat, and reduces fuel use.
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He discovered chloroform independently in 1831. Samuel Guthrie was a 19th-century physician and chemist who discovered the anaesthetic chloroform (trichloromethane) in 1831, by distilling chloride of lime with alcohol in a copper barrel, using it as a mild anesthetic in amputation surgeries. The same chemical compound was discovered independently by a French scientist, Eugène Soubeiran, in October 1831, and by the German chemist Justus von Liebig in November 1831, but Guthrie wrote of his findings in the summer of the same year, so he is generally acknowledged as the discoverer. At the age of 22, Samuel Guthrie Jr. married Sybil Sexton, who was originally from Connecticut.
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The original Bargellini reaction (1906): :300px Reaction mechanism for original Bargellini reaction (1906): :700px Present-day Bargellini reaction used for synthesis of hindered morpholinones or piperazinones from ketones (primarily acetone) and 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol (β-amino alcohols) OR 1,2-diaminopropanes (diamines). The solvent used is dichloromethane (DCM), also known as methylene chloride with a benzyltriethylammonium chloride catalyst. The solvent and catalyst are frequently changed when using different reagents. Diamines tend to give higher product yields than β-amino alcohols, as shown in the two possible scenarios below: :500px Reaction mechanism for Bargellini reaction: :700px The reaction mechanism proceeds when a sterically accessible ketone, usually acetone, is added to a solution of chloroform (trichloromethane) under strong basic conditions, creating a trichloromethide anion by deprotonation.
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Deuterated chloroform (CDCl3), also known as chloroform-d, is an isotopically enriched form of chloroform (CHCl3) in which most its hydrogen atoms consist of the heavier nuclide deuterium (heavy hydrogen) (D = 2H) rather than the natural isotopic mixture in which protium (1H) is predominant.Since non- enriched hydrogen is mostly protium (99.85%), with only a trace of deuterium (0.15%), this enrichment in deuterium is colloquially, though somewhat inaccurately, described as "replacement" of hydrogen ("H") with deuterium ("D"). Deuterated chloroform is by far the most common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. While dichloromethane and chloroform (trichloromethane) are both commonly used solvents that dissolve a wide range of other organic compounds, deuterated chloroform is more easily produced and much less expensive than deuterated dichloromethane.
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