Data: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities analysis; Cartogram: Andrew Witherspoon / Axios; Correction: A previous version of this cartogram contained a key that understated the extent of some states' losses.
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Take a look at that proportional representation electoral cartogram one more time.
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A cartogram is a kind of map that distorts geographical areas based on some variable.
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Data: Avalere Health Consulting; Cartogram: Lazaro Gamio / Axios What Avalere found: The bill, sponsored by Sens.
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Data: National Conference of State Legislatures, National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws; Cartogram: Andrew Witherspoon / Axios
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The supposed benefit of cartogram-based maps over standard choropleth maps is that you're able to understand scale or significance better.
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Scheltens proposes alternative solutions, like a list of states with bar charts or a cartogram, which is a kind of map that distorts geographical areas based on some variable.
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This is the cartogram that Liz suggests to improve the typical election map: Here's the thing: Cartograms are an alternative, but they're not necessarily better than geographically accurate maps.
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They can be an attractive alternative to the monotony of choropleth maps, especially with the proliferation of tile-grid maps (an equal-area cartogram useful for comparing states) — but they're just an alternative.
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This cartogram breaks down the total value of Chinese exports by state, with the size of each state representing total export value, and color showing the percentage of total foreign exports that go to China.
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Another type of cartogram is an area cartogram. These are created by scaling (or sizing) enumeration units as a function of the values of an attribute associated with the enumeration units. There are two different forms of an area cartogram: contiguous and noncontiguous. A contiguous cartogram tries to retain the contiguity of enumeration units.
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The National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis located on the UCSB campus maintains an online Cartogram Central with resources regarding cartograms. A number of software packages generate cartograms. Most of the available cartogram generation tools work in conjunction with other GIS software tools as add-ons or independently produce cartographic outputs from GIS data formatted to work with commonly used GIS products. Examples of cartogram software include ScapeToad,ScapeToad Cart,Cart: Computer software for making cartograms and the Cartogram Processing Tool (an ArcScript for ESRI's ArcGIS), which all use the Gastner- Newman algorithm.
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A common use of distance cartograms is to show the relative travel times and directions from vertices in a network. For example, on a distance cartogram showing travel time between cities, the less time required to get from one city to another, the shorter the distance on the cartogram will be. When it takes a longer time to travel between two cities, they will be shown as further apart in the cartogram, even if they are physically close together. Distance cartograms are also used to show connectivity.
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Cartogram Geoprocessing Tool An alternative algorithm, Carto3F, is also implemented as an independent program for non-commercial use on Windows platforms.Personal Website of Shipeng Sun This program also provides an optimization to the original Dougenik rubber-sheet algorithm. The CRAN package recmap provides an implementation of a rectangular cartogram algorithm. Cartograms can also be constructed manually, either by hand or in a computer-assisted environment.
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Demers cartogram is a variation of Dorling cartogram, but it uses rectangles instead of circles, and attempts to retain visual cues at the expense of minimum distance. Schematic maps based on quad trees can be seen as non shape-preserving cartograms with some degree of neighborhood preservation. A collection of contiguous area cartograms is available at Worldmapper,Worldmapper: Rediscover the world as you've never seen it before which was started by a collaborative team of researchers at the universities of Sheffield and Michigan.
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Gallery of Data Visualization – Bright Ideas Area cartograms may be contiguous or noncontiguous. The area cartograms shown on this page are all contiguous, where all areas are connected together and continuously deformed, while a good example of a noncontiguous cartogram was published in The New York Times, where each area is disconnected from the rest, and is scaled while maintaining the area's shape. This method of cartogram creation is sometimes referred to as the projector method or scaled-down regions. Cartograms may be classified also by the properties of shape and topology preservation.
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The population density of the EU is 117 people per km². A cartogram depicting the population distribution between old EU-27 member states (including the UK and excluding Croatia). 58% of all citizens of the EU live in the four largest member states: Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. The fertility rate in the EU was 1.6 in 2014 (Kindergarten in France).
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A cartogram representing population (a ratio or count-level property) by size. The size of a symbol is how much space it occupies. This commonly refers to the area of point symbols, and the thickness of line symbols. Size differences are relatively easy to recognize, making it a useful variable to convey information, such as a quantitative amount of something, or relative importance.
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A cartogram map is a map that purposely distorts geographic space based on values of a theme. A good example to this would be to make the size of countries proportional to their population. Most commonly used in everyday life are distance cartograms. Distance cartograms show real-world distances that are distorted to reflect some sort of attribute, such as the time between subway stops.
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Correctly estimating relative volume has proven even more difficult. Because geographical features have an actual size on the Earth, this cannot always be controlled, and sometimes works against the wishes of a cartographer; for example, it can be difficult to make a world map in which Russia does not stand out. In a cartogram the size of features is purposefully distorted to represent a variable other than area.
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Cartogram showing Open Europe estimate of total European Union net budget expenditure in euros for the whole period 2007–2013, per capita, based on Eurostat 2007 pop. estimates (Luxembourg not shown). Net contributors Net recipients One of the first cartographers to generate cartograms with the aid of computer visualization was Waldo Tobler of UC Santa Barbara in the 1960s. Prior to Tobler's work, cartograms were created by hand (as they occasionally still are).
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Some maps attempt to account for this by using cartogram methods, but the resulting distortion can make such maps difficult to read. Another problem relates to data classification. Election maps often use a two-class color scheme (red and blue), which results in a map that is easy to read but is highly generalized. Some maps use more classes, such as shades of red and blue to indicate the degree of election victory.
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The focus on the upper classes, especially in historical perspective, is misleading since it is not exposing the hardship of those in the worst living conditions. Secondly, he advocates looking at larger trends in poverty, education, health and violence since these are slowly, but persistently changing the world and are neglected in the reporting of today's mass media. In his focus on slowly evolving structural changes, and dismissal of the media's "event history", he is following the agenda of the French Annales School with their focus on the longue durée. Cartogram by Max Roser showing the distribution of the global population.
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Map of countries and territories by population in 2019 A cartogram of the world population in 2018 World population percentage by country as of 2017 This is a list of countries and dependencies by population. It includes sovereign states, inhabited dependent territories and, in some cases, constituent countries of sovereign states, with inclusion within the list being primarily based on the ISO standard ISO 3166-1. For instance, the United Kingdom is considered as a single entity, while the constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands are considered separately. In addition, this list includes certain states with limited recognition not found in ISO 3166-1.
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Clinton delivering her concession speech Cartogram showing the 2016 Electoral College results. The Clinton campaign held its election night celebration at the Javits Center in New York City, in an event headlined by speakers including Chuck Schumer, Andrew Cuomo, Bill de Blasio, and Katy Perry. At the conclusion of the event, cannons filled with translucent confetti were set to deploy from the glass roof of the Javits Center to symbolize "breaking the glass ceiling". The campaign initially obtained permits to set off fireworks from a barge on the Hudson River, but cancelled the display on November 7. As the results came in on election night, November 8, 2016, Clinton lost in multiple states that she had been predicted to win.
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Given the general nature and common perception of the two parties, "red state" implies a conservative region or a more conservative American, and "blue state" implies a more liberal region or a more liberal American. But the distinction between the two groups of states is less simplistic. The analysis that suggests political, cultural and demographic differences between the states is more accurate when applied to smaller geographical areas. Cartogram of the United States showing each county with a size proportional to its population as the colors reflect the 2004 presidential election results Traditionally, the practice of designating a U.S. state as red or blue is based on the first-past-the-post winner-take-all system employed for presidential elections by 48 of the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.
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The NSA had a technique that targets a vulnerability – which they codenamed "EgotisticalGiraffe" – in an outdated Firefox browser version at one time bundled with the Tor package and, in general, targets Tor users for close monitoring under its XKeyscore program. Attacks against Tor are an active area of academic research which is welcomed by the Tor Project itself. The bulk of the funding for Tor's development has come from the federal government of the United States, initially through the Office of Naval Research and DARPA. A cartogram illustrating Tor usage The core principle of Tor, "onion routing", was developed in the mid-1990s by United States Naval Research Laboratory employees, mathematician Paul Syverson, and computer scientists Michael G. Reed and David Goldschlag, with the purpose of protecting U.S. intelligence communications online. Onion routing was further developed by DARPA in 1997.
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Cartogram of the Central Belt depicting the populations of its constituent local authorities, contrasting with its area which is far smaller than the sparsely-populated areas to its north and south The Central Belt of Scotland is the area of highest population density within Scotland. Depending on the definition used, it has a population of between 2.4 and 4.2 million covering an area of approximately 10,000 km2, including Greater Glasgow, Ayrshire, Falkirk, Edinburgh, Lothian and Fife. Despite the name, it is not geographically central but is nevertheless at the "waist" of Scotland on a conventional map and the term "central" is used in many local government, police and NGO designations. It is likely considered the heart of the lowlands, a very old term and was for a few centuries sometimes recorded in Scotland as the Midlands and elsewhere as the Scottish Midlands which fell out of fashion.
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