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"biretta" Definitions
  1. a square cap worn by Roman Catholic priests
"biretta" Synonyms
headdress headpiece headgear cap chapeau hat bandore bonnet busby coiffure coronet crown helmet hood lid mitre(UK) miter(US) tiara toque turban

129 Sentences With "biretta"

How to use biretta in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "biretta" and check conjugation/comparative form for "biretta". Mastering all the usages of "biretta" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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Then baggy red trousers, a coat of many colours, and a biretta.
A photograph showed Bishop Joyce, in cassock and biretta, standing in front of a Christmas tree with children on each side.
During the ceremony where the new cardinals received their red hat, known as a "biretta", the pope said they were called to be humble servants of others and not "princes of the Church".
A traditional black biretta The biretta () is a square cap with three or four peaks or horns, sometimes surmounted by a tuft. Traditionally the three-peaked biretta is worn by Roman Catholic clergy and some Anglican and Lutheran clergy. A four-peaked biretta is worn as academic dress (but not liturgically) by those holding a doctoral degree from a pontifical faculty or pontifical university or faculty. Occasionally the biretta is worn by advocates in law courts, for instance the advocates in the Channel Islands.
Bishops and archbishops wear a Roman purple biretta with matching pom. The scarlet birettas of the cardinals have no pom, only a red loop. There is no papal biretta. Some religious orders and congregations have unique birettas, such as the Norbertines who wear a white biretta with a white pom.
Cardinal Angelo Scola wearing a scarlet watered silk biretta Then-Archbishop Willem Jacobus Eijk (Utrecht) wearing an amaranth biretta The biretta may be used by all ranks of the Latin clergy cardinals and other bishops to priests, deacons, and even seminarians (who are not clergy, since they are not ordained). Those worn by cardinals are scarlet red and made of silk. After the Second Vatican Council the ceremony of giving the galero to cardinals was replaced with giving the biretta. The biretta of a bishop is amaranth in color, while those worn by priests, deacons, and seminarians are black.
Birettas are also occasionally worn by Anglo-Catholic Anglican clergy, though is it generally considered a Romanism. Canons and deans could wear a black biretta with a red pom. The Canterbury cap is of similar origin to the biretta, and, although seldom used since the early 20th century, has been considered a more authentically Anglican alternative to the biretta. The Canterbury cap has a soft, square top rather than the rigid horns that developed on the biretta.
For the doctoral degree a four corned biretta is to be worn, and for the Licentiate degree a three corned biretta is to be worn. See:Academic regalia of the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas. The 'traditional' biretta at the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum, is white, to correspond to the white Dominican habit. Also, the academic senate of the Angelicum in its May 2011 meeting indicated that the black biretta may be used with trim and pom in the color of the particular faculty.
At the center of the disc is a microsphere (sphere of silica that houses the nucleus and endoplasm). Surrounding the microsphere is the biretta, which is a porous rectangular box- shaped shell. Four radial beams connect the microsphere to the biretta. Surrounding the biretta are three hoops, circular rings of silica that are concave toward the center (microsphere) of the skeleton.
The red biretta and the legantine cross were presented instead by Cardinal Caetani.
Simon & Schuster, New York. . The academic biretta developed into various styles of academic headgear on the European continent and in the British Isles. Today some secular universities still use the term, if not the actual biretta, to name their academic cap.
The biretta seems to have become a more widely used as an ecclesiastical vestment after the synod of Bergamo, 1311, ordered the clergy to wear the "bireta on their heads after the manner of laymen."Herbert Norris, Church Vestments: Their Origin and Development, 1950, 161. The tuft or pom sometimes seen on the biretta was added later; the earliest forms of the biretta did not bear the device.
The biretta also sometimes appears among holders of theology degrees or officers at religious institutions.
Cardinals bear no tuft or "pom" (they are given their birettas and zuchettos by the Pope who elevated them in a ceremony named a consistory – they will form a line, and kneel before him when receiving them), bishops bear a purple pom, priests who have been appointed as prelates to certain positions within the Vatican wear a black biretta with red pom, diocesan priests and deacons wear a black biretta with or without a black pom. It is often asserted that seminarians are only entitled to wear a biretta without a pom-pom, but there would seem to be no formal ruling on this point. Priests in monastic and mendicant religious orders that have their own habits (Benedictines, Franciscans, Dominicans, etc.) do not generally wear birettas: in most circumstances, even liturgical, the monastic hood took the place of the biretta. Canons Regular generally do—for instance the canons of the Order of Prémontré wear a white biretta.
A three-peaked black biretta with appropriately colored piping may be similarly used by those receiving the licentiate degree (S.T.L., Ph.L.).
The "Spanish version" of the biretta, from The Philippi Collection The origins of the biretta are uncertain. It is mentioned as early as the tenth century. One possible origin is the academic cap of the high Middle Ages, which was soft and square. This is also the ancestor of the modern mortarboard used today in secular universities.
Roman Catholic clergy wear the biretta. The colour of its pom-pom denotes the wearer's rank. Priests wear a black biretta with a black pom. Protonotaries and domestic prelates (now prelates of honour) have a scarlet pom on their black birettas, and Papal Chamberlains (now Chaplains to His Holiness) wear a Roman purple pom on their black birettas.
On 10 December 1607 he received the cardinal's hat, but never went to Rome to receive the red biretta and the title.
The pope does not make use of the biretta. The Tridentine Roman Missal rubrics on low Mass required the priest to wear the biretta while proceeding to the altar, to hand it to the server on arrival and to resume it when leaving.Ritus servandus in celebratione Missae, II.2 and XII.6 At solemn Mass the sacred ministers wore it also when seated.
The Tudor bonnet is also a similar academic cap worn by a person who holds a doctorate. The Canterbury cap differs from the Roman Catholic biretta, as a Canterbury cap has four ridges, compared to the biretta's three. In addition, the biretta is (sometimes) rigid, or rigid but folding, while the Canterbury cap is always soft and easily folds when not in use.
Phaq'u Tanka (Aymara phaq'u, paqu, p'aqu light brown, reddish, blond, dark chestnut, tanka hat or biretta, "chestnut coloured hat (or biretta)", Hispanicized spelling Pacotanca) is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about high. It is situated in the Moquegua Region, Mariscal Nieto Province, Carumas District. Phaq'u Tanka lies west of the mountain Qhini Jamach'ini and northwest of Qina Mich'ini and Arichuwa.
136, § 2), b) et biretum doctorale, (idest: cum quatuor apicibus) utpote insigne huius gradus ac diverso colore ornatum pro Facultate. The 'traditional' Angelicum biretta is white to correspond to the white Dominican habit. However, the Academic Senate of the Angelicum in its May 2011 meeting indicated that for the Licentiate and Doctorate a black biretta may be used with colored piping and pom to follow the color of the faculty.
Neckerchief of company colour. Skirt, knickers, > stockings, dark blue. Cap – red biretta, or in summer, large straw hat. > Haversack, cooking billy, lanyard and knife, walking stick or light staff.
Due to his age he was unable to attend the consistory on 19 November, but he later received the biretta in Lesotho from the apostolic nuncio Peter Bryan Wells.
The zucchetto and the biretta are scarlet, the distinctive color of cardinals' vesture. At the consistory new cardinals, with certain exceptions, are assigned titular churches in the Diocese of Rome.
He was created cardinal deacon in the consistory of 28 June 1988. He received the red biretta and the deaconry of Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re on the same day.
The biretta was considered as possible headwear for female barristers in England and Wales. In 1922, immediately prior to the first lady being called to the Bar, there was discussion among the senior judges about what she should wear on her head. Darling J and Horridge J suggested the biretta, but were outvoted by the other nine judges present. As a result, female barristers wear the same unpowdered men's wig as male barristers, which completely covers the hair.
Academic dress for pontifical universities tends to vary by the host country. Traditionally, for doctors of a pontifical university or faculty "the principal mark of a Doctor's dignity is the four horned biretta."John Abel Nainfa, Costume of Prelates of The Catholic Church: According To Roman Etiquette, 164. Under the old Code of Canon Law, in commencement ceremonies and other academic settings, doctors from pontifical faculties and universities had a canonical right to wear the doctoral biretta, as stated in can.
This recognition is distinct from her status as a Doctor of the Church. The doctoral biretta has been borrowed for depictions of another doctor of the Church, St. Thérèse de Lisieux.Portraits/Chicago Inc. Accessed 2006-11-26.
Time Magazine. Crisis of Immutability 9 November 1962 Dante was created Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Agata dei Goti by Pope Paul VI in the consistory of 22 February 1965. During the ceremony, Pope Paul accidentally bestowed the biretta of Lawrence Shehan on Dante, causing the biretta to fall over his ears.Commonweal. A Roman Education: A College Kid at the Council 17 December 2004 He died in the early morning of 24 April 1967 in Rome, at age 82, and was buried in his cardinalatial church of S. Agata dei Goti.
In London, England, for example, a cluster of Anglo-Catholic parishes were found in the City's East End. Here one found "rough English poverty: the men employed as car-men, costermongers, and bootmakers, and in furniture making, silk weaving, glassblowing, and ‘gas-work."The parishes of London's East End were called the "Biretta Belt," in reference to the special hat worn by Anglo-Catholic clergy. In their own way, the Episcopal parishes in Kensington, Emmanuel, Good Shepherd, St. Ambrose's, St. Luke's and St. Nathaniel's, form a mini-Biretta Belt.
His face was missing the nose and lips but was still bearded, and he still had his biretta on his head with some hair underneath. He was wearing red damask vestments and had simple leather shoes on his feet.
Tanka Tanka (Aymara tanka hat or biretta, the reduplication indicates that there is a group of something, "many hats (or birettas)") is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is located in the La Paz Department, Aroma Province, Sica Sica Municipality.
Like the biretta worn by lower clergy and the mortarboard worn by academics, the camauro derives from the academic cap (the pileus), originally worn to protect tonsured clerical heads in the cold season. It is often worn with a red mozzetta.
The doctoral biretta is sometimes seen in depictions of St. Teresa of Ávila, because she was declared a doctor by the University of Salamanca.Paul Rhetts, Saint Teresa in New Mexico . Tradicion Revista, Volume 7, No. 1, Spring 2002. Accessed 2006-11-26.
If not, then they use their hood in the same fashion as one uses a biretta. Birettas are plain black for priests, deacons and subdeacons, purple or black with purple or red trim for monsignori, canons, bishops and archbishops; cardinals' birettas are scarlet.
Dieter Philippi with the first piece of his collection: a cardinal's biretta made from red watered silk The Philippi Collection is a collection of clerical, religious and spiritual headdresses. The collection demonstrates the history, shared roots and diversity of religious-clerical head coverings.
22-23 For Catholic — and some Anglican — clergy, the traditional black biretta may be worn in some circumstances instead of the mortarboard. Those clerics who possess a doctorate wear the black biretta with four ridges — instead of the usual three — and with piping and pom of the color of the discipline, thus, e.g., emerald for canon law, scarlet for sacred theology, etc.Klerikale Kopfbedeckungen: Kopfbedeckungen 1 (image heavy; 700+) As with other forms of headgear, traditionally academic caps were not generally worn indoors by men (other than by the Chancellor or other high officials), but would have been carried instead, while women would have worn their caps at graduation ceremonies.
Edwards, Nina (15 December 2011). On The Button. I.B.Tauris. p. 178. . A tuftless biretta (only diocesan clergy wore tufts) and a ferraiolo (cape) completed the look. Today, most Jesuits in the United States wear the clerical collar and black clothing of ordinary priests, although some still wear the black cassock.
It is also worn by the subdeacon when holding the paten. ; Biretta : A rectangular cap that may be worn by clergy of all ranks except the Pope; its color can signify rank. ; Tunicle : The outermost garment of subdeacons. ; Chasuble : The outermost sacramental garment of priests and bishops, often quite decorated.
In the medieval university, the ceremony by which a new master or doctor received his degree included the birretatio, or imposition of the biretta. This was often given with a token book in recognition of the person's scholarship.Olmert, Michael (1996). Milton's Teeth and Ovid's Umbrella: Curiouser & Curiouser Adventures in History, p.178.
Chuqi Tanka (Aymara chuqi gold, tanka hat or biretta, "gold hat", also spelled Choquetanga) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, La Paz Municipality, near the border with the Coroico Municipality of the Nor Yungas Province. Chuqi Tanka lies east of Ch'uñawi.
Biretta Peak is a small peak, high, on the east side of Pain Mesa in the Mesa Range, Victoria Land. It was named by the northern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1962–63, from its resemblance to the square cap worn by Roman Catholic and some Anglican clerics.
Prior to 1500, there were no rules about the color of the clerical dress. However, due to a decision in 1565 in Milan, black became the accepted color in Italy. While white remained as the pope's biretta color, scarlet was accepted by the Cardinals, purple by the bishops, and black by the clerics.
The busts are quarter length, showing Scipione Borghese in his robes and biretta, as appropriate for his position as a cardinal of the Roman Church. The movement and liveliness of the sitter is one of the busts’ most pertinent feature.'Scipione Borghese' in Bernini Scultore La Tecnica Esecutiva, ed. Anna Coliva, 2002, pps.
The servers of the Mass (Master of Ceremonies, acolytes, thurifer, torch-bearers) and the clergy sitting in the liturgical choir stalls are vested in cassock (the ankle-length black robe with buttons, usually seen on priests and altar servers) and surplice (a flowing white tunic with sleeves) or cotta (a shorter version of the surplice), though in some places acolytes wore simple albs and cinctures instead. Anyone ordained to the subdiaconate or above also wears the biretta (a four-cornered hat with perhaps a pom-pom on top in the center and three fins on top around the edges) while sitting. Members of religious orders in habit have on a surplice over the habit. If it is part of their "choir dress", they also use the biretta.
The pope sent him the red biretta via the "ablegato" Count Annibale Moroni. The "ablegato" gave the biretta to Ferdinando II to bestow upon Sforza on 5 February 1846. It was in the following months in 1846 that Sforza founded the "Academia de filosofia Tomista". He participated in the papal conclave in 1846 that elected Pope Pius IX.Ritzler, Remigium, & Pirminum, Sefrin, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recientoris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846), Patavii, Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 35, 44, 100 and 278. Pius IX later named Sforza as a member of the cardinalitial commission that he created and charged with preparing a definition of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception.
King Ferdinand VI of Spain requested Mendoza's promotion to the cardinalate. Mendoza attended the consistory of April 1747. On 10 April 1747 he was elevated to Cardinal. The king gave him the red biretta of this rank in a ceremony on 16 August 1747 in the church of San Jerónimo el Real in Madrid.
The final decision is then made, after review, by the Master of this order and his council. The regalia of the STM is a four-finned black biretta today usually trimmed with scarlet, and a ring, which may be set with an amethyst.The Varsitarian Website. UST Historian named Master of Theology May 1, 2012.
ISSN 0391-688X. Since that time, only the scarlet zucchetto and biretta are placed over the heads of cardinals during the consistory. Some cardinals continue to obtain a galero privately so that the custom of suspending it over their tombs may be observed. Cardinal Raymond Burke has been known to wear the galero on occasion in the 21st century.
Due to his service in France, he was not assigned a titular church until his return, when, on 5 December 1594, he received the red hat and became the Cardinal- Priest of Sant'Onofrio.Eubel, pp. 55; 76. Ordinarily he would have been presented with the red biretta by the King of France, but Henry IV was a heretic.
Archbishop Bayley At the death of Archbishop Spalding of Baltimore, Bayley was promoted, on July 30, 1872, to succeed that prelate. He left Newark with much reluctance. In 1875 as Apostolic Delegate he imposed the cardinal's biretta on Archbishop John McCloskey of New York. In May, 1876, he consecrated the Baltimore cathedral, having freed it from debt.
On 6 May 1975, with the approval of the cardinals, Bishop Mamie withdrew the SSPX's pia unio status. Lefebvre instructed his lawyer to lodge appeals, and he ultimately petitioned the Holy See's supreme court, the Apostolic Signatura, which turned down the appeal. From this point onward, the SSPX was no longer recognised as a canonical organization. An SSPX priest in cope and biretta.
Tanqa Tanqa (Aymara for beetle,scribd.com Teodoro Marka M., Nociónes Basicas de Lengua Aymara, p. 21 Hispanicized spelling Tanca Tanca, also Tanka Tanka) or Tanka Tanka (Aymara tanka hat or biretta, the reduplication indicates that there is a group of something, "many hats (or birettas)") is an archaeological site in Peru. It is located in the Puno Region, Chucuito Province, Zepita District.mincetur.gob.
Pope Pius XII bestows the red biretta upon Siri in 1953. On 14 March 1944, Siri was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Genoa and Titular Bishop of Livias by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 7 May from Cardinal Pietro Boetto, SJ, at the St. Lawrence Cathedral. He became vicar general for the Archdiocese on 8 September 1944.
Guernsey advocates dress in the same way as barristers, but substitute a black biretta-like toque for a wig, while those in Jersey go bare-headed. Advocates are entitled to prefix their names with 'Advocate'; e.g. Mr. Tostevin is called to the Guernsey Bar and is henceforth known as Advocate Tostevin. The head of the profession of advocate in each bailiwick is called the Bâtonnier.
The next day, when the new cardinals received their rings, Juan Guevara was sick as well. Arteaga and Guevara received their insignia in a private ceremony with Pius on 28 February. Anticipating he would never be healthy enough to travel to Rome, de Jong received his biretta in Utrecht on 28 February as well. Finally, Caro and Saliège received their insignia from Pius on 17 May.
It is a sandstone sculpture from 1796 standing on a stone base. The statue has a good artistic elaboration of the saint's face and drapery. The saint does not have a traditional biretta on his head. The statue is a remembrance of the last male descendant of the aristocratic Szunyogh family – John Nepomuk Szunyogh, who is credited with the construction of the Divina church and rectory.
Roncalli left France for Venice on 23 February 1953 stopping briefly in Milan and then to Rome. On 15 March 1953, he took possession of his new diocese in Venice. As a sign of his esteem, the President of France, Vincent Auriol, claimed the ancient privilege possessed by French monarchs and bestowed the red biretta on Roncalli at a ceremony in the Élysée Palace.
Two small reliefs with the personifications of the virtues and the cardinal's insignia on the side pilasters belong to that period. The monument imitates the more famous tomb of Giovanni Garzia Mellini on the left side of the chapel. The centrepiece is the marble bust of the Cardinal in a similar pose than his counterpart opposite. He looks toward the altar holding a book and a biretta.
The French sculptor signed his work on the biretta of the bust: MONNO(T) F(E)CIT. The very long funerary inscription mentions fact the Cardinal Savio has served as papal nuncio in Spain for ten years, and later he was the cardinal priest of the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo. According to the inscription his tomb was erected in 1699 (i. e. during his lifetime).
The figure, made of carved sandstone, is tall. Its granite pedestal is high. The saint is dressed in priestly robes, featuring baroque style: a cassock and a surplice -similar to those reserved for prelate and canon, a Roman amice and a biretta on his head. He holds a crucifix with both hands, to remind his tied hands during his martyrdom (drowned in the Vltava river).
The northern cardinal type species was named by colonists for the male's red crest, reminiscent of a Catholic cardinal's biretta. The "North American buntings" are known as such to distinguish them from buntings of the Old World family Emberizidae. The name "cardinal- grosbeak" can also apply to the cardinalid family as a whole. Most species are rated by the IUCN as being of least concern, though some are near threatened.
All ordained members of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church are entitled to wear the black zucchetto (unless promoted to a higher rank) which is worn with either the cassock or ceremonial robes. The zucchetto is always worn beneath the mitre or the biretta. This is the reason for two of the alternate names for the zucchetto, subbirettum and submitrale. The zucchetto is never worn with a suit.
Other forms of apostolic headgear include the mitre, biretta, tasselled cardinal's hat, and the papal tiara. Orthodox Christian clergy and monastics often wear a skufia, a kamilavkion, or a klobuk. See also the fez (clothing). The term red hat, when used within the Roman Catholic Church, refers to the appointment of a Cardinal, a senior Prince of the Church, who is a member of the electoral college that chooses the Pope.
Renaissance styled vestments which is used by the Catholic clergy: A chasuble, dalmatic, cope, and a biretta For the Eucharist, each vestment symbolizes a spiritual dimension of the priesthood, with roots in the very origins of the Church. In some measure these vestments harken to the Roman roots of the Western Church. Use of the following vestments varies. Some are used by all Western Christians in liturgical traditions.
Franc Cardinal Rode wearing a winter cappa magna with ermine. Archbishop Palma in choir dress while wearing a cappa magna and a biretta The cappa magna (literally, "great cape"), a form of mantle, is a voluminous ecclesiastical vestment with a long train, proper to cardinals, bishops, and certain other honorary prelates. It is however a jurisdictional garment. The cappa magna is not strictly a liturgical vestment, but only a glorified cappa choralis, or choir cope.
When one of the Jesuits informed him that they were going to sink, he apparently told them that he must die like a priest so he went and put on his biretta. This was further fuel to his nickname of "Panicky Jack". Panico was named nuncio to Peru on 28 September 1948, and Apostolic Delegate to Canada on 14 November 1953. Pope John XXIII appointed him nuncio to Portugal on 25 January 1959.
Baronius Press is a traditional Catholic book publisher. It was founded in London, in 2002 by former St Austin Press editor Ashley Paver and other young Catholics who had previously worked in publishing and printing. The press takes its name from the cardinal Cesare Baronius, a Neapolitan ecclesiastical historian who lived from 1538 to 1607. Its logo is a biretta, which together with a cassock forms the traditional image of a Catholic priest.
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (c. 48), § 54 (England)Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000 (Ireland), §§ 84–85. Accessed January 31, 2013. Several unofficial versions were released during the phototypesetting period under alternate names; for example one unofficial phototypesetting version was named "Biretta" after the hat worn by Roman Catholic clergy, and another by Erhard Kaiser was created for the East German printing concern Typoart, outside the reach of Western intellectual property laws.
In that case, the red biretta is topped by a tuft, as is the custom with other bishops who are not cardinals. The diocese of Venice was created in 774 as suffragan of the Patriarchate of Grado. It was only in 1451"Translatio patriarchalis Ecclesiae Graden. ad civitatem Venetiarum, cum suppressione tituli eiusdem Ecclesiae Gradensis", in: Bullarum, diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum Romanorum pontificum Taurinensis editio, vol. 5 (Turin: Franco et Dalmazzo, 1860), pp. 107–109.
On being appointed to the cardinalate, he is said to have received the red hat, or cardinal's biretta. Traditionally Christian women were required to wear a headscarf while in Church, however this custom has been in decline since the 1900s and is only followed by women of certain denominations and cultures. Male Sikhs are required to wear turbans. Some Sikh women also wear a turban however it is not a requirement for female Sikhs.
Pope John XXIII created him Cardinal-Priest of San Paolo alla Regola in the consistory of 15 December 1958. Following the ancient custom revived by Pope Pius, Fietta received his cardinal's red biretta from Giovanni Gronchi, President of Italy, on 17 December. In retirement he enjoyed strolling the streets of his native Ivrea and playing bocce with his friends. Fietta died in Ivrea, at age 76, and is buried at its cathedral.
The monks gradually laid aside the humble scapular and hood in favour of rochet and biretta. The original habit was resumed by the Strict Observance. The founder had expressly forbidden the reception into the order of houses of religious women, nevertheless four small monasteries of women in the Diocese of Limoges were admitted. Outside France the order only possessed five houses: two in Navarre (Spain) and three cells in England up to the middle of the 15th century.
King Louis Philippe imposes the biretta on de Cheverus on 10 March 1836 In 1823 King Louis XVIII of France insisted that Cheverus return to France. Cheverus was named the Bishop of Montauban, on January 13, 1823 while still in Boston. The parishioners of Boston asked for the appointment in France to be rescinded, even garnering 226 signatures from the adult men in the congregation. Nevertheless, Cheverus had felt called to return to France for some time.
Traditional biretta The leaders of the first generation of the Anglo-Catholic revival or Oxford Movement (e.g. Newman, Edward Bouverie Pusey, and John Keble) had been primarily concerned with theological and ecclesiological questions and had little concern with questions of ritual. They championed the view that the fundamental identity of the Church of England was Catholic rather than Protestant. They had argued that Anglicans were bound by obedience to the use of the Book of Common Prayer.
He returned to Paris following this. It was during his time in Paris that he learnt that Pope Leo XII intended to elevate him into the cardinalate on 2 October 1826. He arrived in Rome not long after and months later received his red biretta and his title as Cardinal-Deacon of San Cesareo in Palatio. Bernetti later participated in the 1829 conclave that elected Pope Pius VIII and again in the 1830-31 conclave that elected Pope Gregory XVI.
Matthias Rauchmiller's clay model (1681) for the statue of St John of Nepomuk which was placed Charles Bridge in Prague in 1683. Its iconography (bearded priest leaning to one side, wearing biretta, holding crucifix, haloed by five stars) became the archetype for later representations of this saint. The bronze statue is based on a clay model made in 1681 by Matthias Rauchmiller. The sculptor Jan Brokoff created a large wooden sculpture based on Rauchmiller's model, which was then cast in bronze in Nuremberg.
The choir and outdoor dress of the monks is of black woollen material, with long, wide sleeves, a black leather cincture and a long pointed capuche reaching to the cincture. The indoor dress consists of a black habit with capuche and cincture. In many Augustinian houses white is used in Summer and also worn in public, usually in places where there were no Dominicans. Shoes and out of doors (prior to Vatican II) a black hat or biretta completed the habit.
From its beginning St Agatha's was strongly part of the Anglo-Catholic movement. Although situated in the Diocese of Birmingham the church is under the oversight of the Bishop of Ebbsfleet, the Provincial episcopal visitor and is a part of Forward in Faith. Until the 1950s there was a ring of similar churches around inner-city Birmingham - the so-called 'Biretta Belt'. Many of those churches have closed but St Agatha's itself remains open despite being in an almost entirely Muslim ward of the city.
While there is no law among the churches of the Anglican Communion that prevents other members of the clergy from wearing a purple shirt, to do so is generally not considered appropriate. Until the Regency period, Anglican clergy regularly wore the cassock in public, after enjoying something of a revival in the mid-20th century, this custom is again less common. The traditional Anglican headwear with the cassock was the Canterbury cap, which is now seldom used. Some Anglo-Catholic clergy still wear the biretta.
He often attended his diocese and worked to restore and beautify the Cathedral of Benevento. Within the consistory of 9 September 1743, Pope Benedict XIV appointed him cardinal, sending him the red biretta with an apostolic brief of 20 September 1743. He received the title of Cardinal Priest of San Onofrio on 15 June 15, 1744 but left that office for that of San Giovanni a Porta Latina on 13 September 1745. On 17 January 1752 he left the Bishop's chair of Benevento to return to Rome.
He had been influenced by ritualist views while working as a curate at St Paul's Church under Wagner's son Arthur. After maintaining the chapel's evangelical style of services for several months, Purchas changed to a strongly ritualist style of worship from September 1866. The clergy wore full vestments, Purchas himself wore a cope and biretta, and incense was used throughout the service. At a time when Roman Catholicism was still viewed with suspicion and animosity, such Catholic-style practices raised "an immediate outcry" among the clergy at other local churches.
It was the first consistory to create as many as 18 cardinals since Pius X did so in 1911. Pius also revealed the names of two he added secretly in 1933. Four of the new cardinals, papal nuncios unable to attend the ceremony, participated in the next reception of new cardinals in June 1936. As was traditional for the Apostolic Nuncio to Spain, Tedeschino, created in pectore at the previous consistory, received his red biretta from Spanish President Alcalá Zaomora, head of "one of the most officially anti-clerical nations in the world".
He served in various positions with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec until he was elected Titular Bishop of Mesarfelta and appointed Auxiliary of Quebec on April 4, 1977. He was consecrated on May 14 of that year in Quebec. Vachon was elected Archbishop of Quebec on March 20, 1981, on the retirement of the previous archbishop, Maurice Cardinal Roy, and created Cardinal-Priest by Pope John Paul II in the consistory of May 25, 1985. He received the red biretta and the title of San Paolo della Croce a Corviale on that day.
The Padroado was modified over time, but its vestiges were not suppressed until the Second Vatican Council concluded in 1965. For example, until this council, it was the Head of Portuguese State which bestowed the cardinal's red biretta on the Patriarch of Lisbon. Historically, this system caused some problems, especially in the years leading up to the Second Vatican Council. An example was the island-state of Singapore, where the Portuguese mission, under the Padroado, operated Saint Joseph's Church independently of the Roman Catholic Mission and later the Archdiocese of Singapore.
Machu Tanka Tanka (possibly from Quechua machu old, Aymara tanka hat and biretta of priests, the reduplication indicates that there is a group or a complex of something, "the old one with many hats", or Machu Tanqa Tanqa (Aymara tanqa tanqa beetle,Teodoro Marka M., Nociónes Basicas de Lengua Aymara, p. 21 "the old beetle") Hispanicized spelling Macho Tankha Tankha) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the Cochabamba Department, Bolívar Province. Machu Tanka Tanka lies northeast of the slightly lower mountain Wayna Tanka Tanka.
He was created and proclaimed Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria Nova in the consistory of 16 December 1935 by Pope Pius XI. He received the red biretta from the president of Austria on 21 December 1935; and received the red hat from the Pope in 1936. He took part in the conclave of 1939 that elected Pope Pius XII. He was elected to the order of Cardinal-Bishops and suburbicarian see of Sabina e Poggio Mirteto on 11 December 1939. He died in 1948 at the age of 87 and is buried in Anagni.
At the consistory, when the official photographer's flash bulb failed to go off when the biretta was conferred, Pius and McIntyre re-enacted the ceremony. McIntyre was also one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1958 papal conclave, and again in the 1963 papal conclave. He sent his priests to meetings of the right-wing John Birch Society to educate themselves about communism, and recommended subscriptions to American Opinion and other Birch publications in his diocesan newspaper. He expressed caution towards "an obvious trend toward laxity" in the morality of films,TIME Magazine.
On 4 January 2015, Pope Francis announced that he would make him a cardinal on 14 February of the same year, four days short of his 96th birthday. Pimiento was described by those who knew him as "imbued with the spirit of the Second Vatican Council". He did not travel to the consistory due to his advanced age; arrangements were made for him to receive his biretta and ring from fellow Colombian cardinal Rubén Salazar Gómez in Bogotá. He was assigned the titular church of San Giovanni Crisostomo a Monte Sacro Alto.
The three hoops are connected at the top and bottom in equatorial view (viewing the side of the coin-shaped disc instead of the face) by the roof, which is also porous. There are two concentric rings of pores in the roof of each of the three hoops. Ten secondary radial beams connect the biretta through the hoops all the way to the flange (outer edge of the side of the coin shape). Four of those secondary radial beams reach past the flange outside of the rest of the skeleton and act as radial spines.
On January 6, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI announced that Dolan would be created a cardinal at the consistory of the church held on February 18, 2012. Archbishop Dolan was formally elevated to the cardinalate by Pope Benedict XVI on February 18, 2012, receiving the traditional red biretta and gold ring during a ceremony in Saint Peter's Basilica. The day prior, he addressed the pope and the College of Cardinals on spreading the faith in a secularized world. He was created Cardinal-Priest of Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario.
He was made a cardinal in the consistory of 25 May 1914 but Pius X did not assign him a title before his death; his successor, Pope Benedict XV, made him the Cardinal-Priest of Santi Quattro Coronati (the pope's former title). He received the red biretta from King Alfonso XIII of Spain on June 3 of that year. He participated in the conclave of 1914 that elected Pope Benedict XV. He died in 1920 while still in office and is buried at the chapel of the Seminary of Toledo.
His curacy in St. James' is significant because of the direct contribution which was made through it to the controversy concerning ritualism in the Anglican church. Purchas introduced the use of vestments such as the cope, chasuble, alb, biretta, etc., and used lighted candles on the altar, crucifixes, images, and holy water, together with processions, incense, and the like. On 27 November 1869, he was accordingly charged before the Court of Arches with infringing the law of the established church; he did not appear to answer, giving as reasons his poverty, which prevented him from securing legal assistance, and ill-health.
The Holy Shrine of John of Nepomuk, built in 1899 in Neoclassical style, covers late Baroque statue of the saint from the second half of the 18th century originally located south of the park (according to historical map from 1863). Image of the sandstone statue follows an artwork made by John Brokoff being exposed on Charles bridge. Depicted clothing consists of surplice and biretta, pointing to John of Nepomuk's occupation as vicar and priest as well. The polychrome statue of the saint standing on pedestal holds a crucix with corpus resting on the chest in his right hand.
On the consistory of 28 April 1969, Pope Paul created Archbishop Sales a Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. On 30 April 1969 Cardinal Sales received his red biretta and the title of Cardinal-Priest of S. Gregorio VII. Sales, then Metropolitan Archbishop of Salvador and Primate of Brazil was appointed papal legate to the Brazilian National Eucharistic Congress held in 1970 and in that capacity he presided over the aforementioned gathering, which took place in Brasília, the Nation's capital. On 13 March 1971, Pope Paul VI transferred Sales to the Metropolitan Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro. Sales took possession of his new See on 27 March 1971.
Csernoch was created Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Eusebio in the consistory of 25 May 1914 by Pope Pius X. He received the red biretta from Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (who was to be assassinated in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914). He was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Stephen in 1915. On 30 December 1916, as Primate of Hungary he crowned King Charles IV of Hungary, who was at the same time Charles I of Austria. He participated in the conclave of 1914, which elected Pope Benedict XV, and in that of 1922, which elected Pope Pius XI. He died in office in 1927.
Pope Benedict XV created him Cardinal Priest of Santa Maria del Popolo in the consistory of December 15, 1919. He received his cardinal's biretta from King Alphonse XIII on Christmas Day of that same year. Soldevilla was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 1922 papal conclave, which selected Pope Pius XI. At age 79, Cardinal Soldevilla was assassinated by the anarchist group Los Solidarios in Zaragoza. The apparent motive for the killing was the fact that the Cardinal had been implicated by the anarchists in the hiring and protection of pistoleros who had carried out a campaign of white terror against Spanish union members.
The congregation was established by Pope Sixtus V. It also communicated instructions to the legates of the Holy See for the maintenance of due decorum in transacting the affairs of their missions. This congregation also instructed the members of the Noble Guard and the ablegate who were sent to convey to new cardinals, living in Catholic states outside of Rome, the news of their promotion, together with the cardinal's hat and the red biretta. It instructed newly promoted cardinals, too, on the etiquette to be followed conformably with their new dignity. Finally, it solved the questions of precedence which arose among cardinals or among ambassadors to the Holy See.
Ryder wearing a priest's alt=Portrait of James Ryder wearing a biretta Ryder returned to the United States in 1829, where he took up a professorship in philosophy and theology at Georgetown, to teach Jesuit scholastics. He was named the prefect of studies, where he implemented an overhaul of the curriculum under the direction of President Thomas F. Mulledy; he was simultaneously made vice president of the school. It was during this time that Ryder founded the Philodemic Society, of which he became the first president. Founded on January 17, 1830, it was the first collegiate debating society in the United States, and it was Ryder who selected the name.
On 20 January 1950, Jáchym was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Vienna and Titular Archbishop of Vienna. He arrived at St. Stephen's Cathedral for what was supposed to be his episcopal consecration on 23 April 1950. However, before the ceremony could take place, he stood up and addressed the congregation, saying that he did not "feel worthy of such an honor", before leaving the cathedral, where a car was waiting for him, and returning to his apartment. Later, canons of the cathedral recalled that the purple robe, the biretta, and shoes he was wearing were not even his, but were borrowed from the cathedral sacristy.
Wayna Tanka Tanka (possibly from Quechua wayna young, Aymara tanka hat and biretta of priests, the reduplication indicates that there is a group or a complex of something, Tanka Tanka a neighboring mountain, "young Tanka Tanka" or "the young one with many hats", or Wayna Tanqa Tanqa (Aymara tanqa tanqa beetle,Teodoro Marka M., Nociónes Basicas de Lengua Aymara, p. 21 "young Tanqa Tanqa" or "the young beetle") Hispanicized spelling Huayna Tankha Tankha) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the Cochabamba Department, Bolívar Province, near the border with the Potosí Department. Wayna Tanka Tanka lies southwest of the slightly higher mountain Machu Tanka Tanka.
The liturgical books for the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite revised after the Second Vatican Council omit Septuagesima, Sexagesima and Quinquagesima Sundays, which are found in the earlier versions, and treat this period as part of Ordinary Time, so that the use of violet vestments and the omission of "Alleluia" in the liturgy do not begin until Ash Wednesday. The Ordinariate Form2018 ORDO for the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter, and Extraordinary Form2016 Ordo for use with the 1962 Missale Romanum Forma Extraordinara, Canons Regular of St John Cantius, Biretta Books, Chicago 2015 of the Roman Rite have retained the Pre-Lenten season and its traditional observances.
He received his ordination to the priesthood in Naples on 1 September 1833 from Filippo Giudice Caracciolo. He commenced his pastoral duties in evening schools, worked in prisons for women, and also worked alongside apprentices. He served as a papal legate in Paris in 1836 to present the red biretta to new Cardinal Jean-Louis Anne Madalain Lefebvre de Cheverus, returning from France that 27 June. Sforza first worked for some time as a chamberlain to the pope (since November 1836) and in 1828 was made the "abbot commendatario" for the San Paolo in Albano convent (he took possession of the convent on 12 February 1828).
These high papal officials are the highest class of Monsignor, are often raised directly to the cardinalate, and hold distinctive privileges in address and attire. Current practice is based on Pope Paul VI's two motu proprios, Pontificalis Domus of March 28, 1968 and Pontificalia Insignia of June 21, 1968. They are addressed formally as "most reverend monsignor," and they wear the mantelletta, the purple choir cassock, the biretta with red tuft, and rochet for liturgical services, the black cassock with red piping and purple sash at other times, and may add the purple ferraiuolo to the black cassock for formal ceremonies of a non-liturgical nature, e.g., a graduation.
It has been mentioned above that the headcover normally worn with the cassock is the biretta (for Roman Catholics) or the Canterbury Cap (for Anglicans). In the 19th century clergy, like most gentlemen of the time, wore the tall silk (top) hat with their outdoor dress and this remained traditional for bishops and other senior clergy for many years. However many clergy preferred to wear the cappello romano, a distinctive broad brimmed round topped hat resembling a low crowned bowler and this remained popular until the World War I, when it tended to be substituted by the dark or black Homburg style hat worn by many professional men until recently.
In numerous documents from the 12th to the 15th century the almucium is mentioned, occasionally as identical with the hood, but more often as a sort of cap distinct from it. By the 14th century two types of almucium were distinguished: a cap coming down just over the ears, and a hood-like cap falling over the back and shoulders. This latter was reserved for the more important canons and was worn over surplice or rochet in choir. The introduction of the biretta in the 15th century tended to replace the use of the almuce as a head-covering, and the hood now became smaller, while the cape was enlarged till in some cases it fell below the elbows.
At a Pontifical Low Mass, i.e. a Low Mass celebrated by a bishop, in addition to the two servers that you find at any typical low Mass, there are also two priest-attendants to the bishop that assist him, reminding us that a bishop retains the fullness of holy orders. Instead of a mitre, a biretta is used by the prelate. Before the Second Vatican Council, at a Papal Low Mass (which was usually celebrated at a portable altar set up in one of the rooms of the Apostolic Palace and is distinct from the private Mass the Pope said in his private chapel), the Pope was assisted by two bishops and four papal Masters of Ceremonies.
Cardinal Sarr of Dakar wearing his ferraiolo of watered silk Even in modern times of the 21st century, the Order of Canons Regular of Premontre (Premonstratensians, Norbertines or white canons), the Camaldolese, the members of the Orders of Our Lady of Mercy and of the Holy Trinity, and the Olivetans, as well as a few other orders who wear a prelatical costume have the privilege of wearing the ferraiolo entirely of white cloth. The Premonstratensians also have the privilege of wearing this garment with a white four-cornered biretta of the same material. Some white canons even choose to wear white shoes when dressed in this formal attire. The additional items traditionally worn by the clergy, i.e.
Upon the insistence of Philip II of Spain, Pope Gregory XIII made him a cardinal in the consistory of February 21, 1578. The nuncio in Spain, Cardinal Filippo Sega communicated the king's thanks to the pope on March 13, 1578, but then on May 5 reported that Toledo had declined the appointment. The pope and the king agreed that Sega could convey the biretta to Toledo on the assumption that Toledo could be prevailed upon to accept the appointment. However, Toledo refused repeatedly and on July 4, 1578, the pope accepted Toledo's refusal and withdrew his creation, complaining to Philip II that the king had insisted he make a cardinal of someone who would refuse the honor.
Under legislation of Pope Pius X, vicars general and vicars capitular (the latter are now called diocesan administrators) are titular (not actual) Protonotaries durante munere, i.e. as long as they hold those offices, and so are entitled to be addressed as Monsignor.. The only privileges of dress that Pope Pius X granted them were a black, silk-fringed sash (fascia), black piping on the biretta with a black tuft,"Super habitu quotidiano, occasione solemnis conventus, audientiae et similium... zonam tantum sericam nigram, cum laciniis item nigris, gestare poterunt, cum pileo chordula ac floccis nigris ornato" (Inter multiplices curas, 67). and a black mantelletta. As a result of this they were in some countries referred to as "black protonotaries".
Fisquet, Paris, pp. 547-548. On 16 August 1802, Belloy was nominated a member of the General Council for the Administration of Hospitals and Shelters of Paris by the emperor. On 14 September 1802 he was appointed a senator of the French Republic.Fisquet, Paris, pp. 548, 551. At the specific request of Napoleon I, Belloy was promoted to the rank of cardinal of the Holy Roman Church by Pope Pius VII in the consistory of 17 January 1803. The emperor personally presented him with the red biretta at the Tuileries on 27 March 1803. Pius VII personally placed the cardinal's galero on his head at a consistory held in the Grand Salon of the Archbishop's Palace in Paris on 1st February 1805.
While in Holland, he met and conversed with the famous Protestant philosophe, Pierre Bayle, who had begun publishing the Dictionnaire in 1697. Once the Peace was concluded, he was presented with the red biretta at Versailles by Louis XIV on June 6, 1713. He did not go to Rome for the induction ceremonies, and thus had no deaconry assigned to him for many years. He did not attend the Conclave of April–May 1721, which elected Innocent XIII (de' Conti), having been forbidden to travel to Rome by the French Regent, Philippe d' Orleans. But he was present at the Conclave of 1724, though he made a very late appearance on April 23, after the Conclave had been in progress for seven weeks.Conclave of 1724 (J.
This same regular prelate or abbot, who also as a Canon Regular, may wear a biretta (with pom). In addition to wearing the other privileged items, the mantelletta, made of the same cloth of his monastic habit, may be worn by an abbot who is not in his own monastery of record, but worn without the ferraiolo. Archbishop Celestino Migliore, Apostolic Nuncio to Poland, wearing his purple ferraiolo Three documents effected the simplification of Latin Rite clerical dress after the Second Vatican Council, which together comprise the present ecclesiastical law on clerical dress. The first is the Instruction of the Secretariat of State of 31 March 1969, Ut sive sollicite (USS) on the dress, titles, and coat of arms of cardinals, bishops, and lesser prelates.
The Franciscans, unlike the Dominicans, Carmelites and other orders, have never had a peculiar rite properly so called, but conformably to the mind of St. Francis of Assisi always followed the Roman Rite for the celebration of Mass. However, the Friars Minor and the Capuchins wear the amice, instead of the biretta, over the head, and are accustomed to say Mass with their feet uncovered, save only by sandals. They also enjoy certain privileges in regard to the time and place of celebrating Mass, and the Missale Romano-Seraphicum contains many proper Masses not found in the Roman Missal. These are mostly feasts of Franciscan saints and blessed, which are not celebrated throughout the Church, or other feasts having a peculiar connexion with the order, e.g.
Cardinal Nichols with Pope Francis in 2014 On 12 January 2014 Pope Francis announced that Nichols would be created a cardinal at the consistory of the Church held on 22 February 2014. Cardinal Nichols was formally elevated to the Sacred College of Cardinals by Pope Francis on 22 February 2014, receiving the traditional red biretta and gold ring during a ceremony in Saint Peter's Basilica. He was created Cardinal-Priest of Santissimo Redentore e Sant'Alfonso in Via Merulana. His coat of arms includes a blue wavy band on a silver shield to represent the River Mersey, scallop shells to represent the Venerable English College in Rome, the red rose of Lancashire and anchors representing Liverpool: surmounted by the customary red galero (ecclesiastical hat) with thirty red cords and tassels (for a cardinal).
Under Pope Urban VIII he was made protonotary apostolic, 'referendario' to the tribunals of the Segnatura Apostolica di Giustizia e di Grazia, cleric of the Camera Apostolica and president of the Annona. He was judge of the Fabbrica di San Pietro, 'relatore' of the Sacra Congregazione del Buon Governo and of the electors of the Tribunale della Segnatura Apostolica under pope Clement X. He was deacon of the clerics of the Camera Apostolica. He was made a cardinal in pectore at the 15 February 1666 consistory, with his appointment made public on 7 March 1667—the same date he was made Archbishop of Naples. He participated in the conclave of 1667 which elected pope Clement IX. He received the cardinal's biretta and the titulus of San Clemente on 18 July 1667.
Giobbe was born in Rome, and studied at the Pontifical Roman Seminary (from where he obtained doctorates in theology and canon law). He was ordained to the priesthood on 4 December 1904, and then did pastoral work in Rome until 1909. Made a Pontifical Ceremonery Supernumerary on 3 May 1909, Giobbe served as a censor of the Roman Liturgical Academy, minutant in the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, and an assistant at the Pontifical Urbaniana University from 1909 to 1918. In 1911, he was a Papal Ablegatus for the imposition of the red biretta on Cardinal Enrique Almaraz y Santos, Archbishop of Seville. Giobbe was raised to the rank of Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 6 November 1917, and rector of the Pontifical Urbaniana University in 1918.
Bishop Domenico was General of the Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Divine Providence (The Theatines). He was promoted to the Metropolitan See of Palermo and Monreale on 29 March 1802, and received the pallium on the same day. He was Viceroy of Sicily, 1802-1803 (styled as 'President of the Kingdom and Captain General'), during the brief reign of King Ferdinand IV. He was created a Cardinal Priest in the consistory of 9 August 1802, and received the red biretta on 5 December 1802, in the chapel of the Seminary of Palermo. He was created a cardinal in place of Paulo Luis Silva, assessor of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, who had been created and reserved In pectore in the consistory of 23 February 1801 and died before his name was published.
Also in 1958, he was awarded the Grand Decoration of Honour in Silver with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria On February 15, 1965, Callori was appointed Titular Archbishop of Maiuca by Pope Paul VI, in advance for his elevation to the College of Cardinals. He received his episcopal consecration on the following February 21 from Cardinal Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant, with Archbishops Diego Venini and Pericle Felici serving as co-consecrators, in St. Peter's Basilica. Pope Paul created him Cardinal Deacon of S. Giovanni Bosco in via Tuscolana in the consistory of February 22 of that same year. Following the ceremony, which was somewhat disorganized as Enrico Dante, the Papal Master of Ceremonies, was one of the new cardinals and thus could not oversee, Callori reportedly complained, "Now they have made me more ridiculous than ever," as he tossed his biretta onto his limousine seat.Commonweal.
In the Roman Rite (pre-1970 form, and today in the Ordinariate (Anglo-Catholic) Form2018 ORDO for the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter, and Extraordinary (Tridentine) Form2016 Ordo for use with the 1962 Missale Romanum Forma Extraordinara, Canons Regular of St John Cantius, Biretta Books, Chicago 2015), and in similar Anglican and Lutheran uses, a pre-Lenten season lasts from Septuagesima Sunday until Shrove Tuesday"The season of Septuagesima runs from I vespers of Septuagesima Sunday to compline of Tuesday after Quinquagesima Sunday" (1960 Code of Rubrics). and has thus also been known as Shrovetide. The Extraordinary form of the Roman Rite that includes this special period of 17 days refers to it as the season of Septuagesima; the Ordinariate Form uses the term Pre-Lent. The liturgy of the period is characterized by violet vestments (except on feasts), the omission of the Alleluia before the Gospel, and a more penitential mood.
Stepinac and Wyszyński chose not to travel to Rome, fearing they would not be allowed to reenter their countries. One of those Pius named, Carlo Agostini, died on 28 December at the age of 64. The next day, the Vatican announced Valerian Gracias would be made a cardinal, the first from India, allowing the College to reach its maximum membership of 70, with 26 of them Italian. Reviving a custom that had been interrupted, Pius announced that he was granting the request of Catholic heads of state in four countries to serve as his legate in delivering the cardinal's biretta to six of them, either residential bishops in or papal nuncios to their country: Generalissimo Francisco Franco of Spain for Gaetano Cicognani, Benjamín de Arriba y Castro, and Fernando Quiroga y Palacios; the socialist President of France Vincent Auriol for Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli; the President of Portugal for Pietro Ciriaci; and President Luigi Einaudi of Italy for Francesco Borgongini Duca.
He was made secretary to the Sacra Congregazione della Propaganda Fide in May 1706 and then assessor of the Suprema Sacra congregazione della Romana and the Universal Inquisition in August 1707. He was secretary to the Sacra consulta from 3 October 1712 to 1724, then a member of the Special Congregation which discussed the "Riflessioni morali sul Nuovo Testamento" (Moral Reflections on the New Testament) by the Jansenist Pasquier Quesnel.. He also served as governor of Rome and vice-camerlengo from 30 September 1724 to 30 April 1728. He was made a cardinal in pectore in the consistory of 9 December 1726 - his appointment was made public in the consistory of 30 April 1728 and he received his cardinal's biretta and the titulus of San Nicola in Carcere on 10 May that year. He took part in the 1730 conclave which elected pope Clement XII, who made Banchieri Secretary of State and prefect of the Sacra Consulta on 15 July 1730, roles he held until his death.
1981: Queen shot at by youth at BBC 'On this day'—13 June In her years attending on horseback, Her Majesty, as Colonel-in-Chief, wore a biretta and a Guards Regiment uniform with the medals she was awarded before becoming Queen (Order of the Crown of India; Defence Medal; War Medal 1939–1945; King George V Silver Jubilee Medal; King George VI Coronation Medal; Canadian Forces Decoration) and the riband and star of the Order of the Garter, the Order of the Thistle or a combination of those orders, depending which regiment was trooping its colour. Since 1987, she has not worn uniform, but wears the Brigade of Guards badge, a large brooch representing the different regiments that participate (Grenadier Guards, Coldstream Guards, Welsh Guards, Irish Guards, and Scots Guards). Her 80th birthday in 2006 was marked by a large flypast of 40 planes led by the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight and culminating with the Red Arrows.
The Order of Servites (or Servants of Mary) cannot be said to possess a separate or exclusive rite similar to the Dominicans and others, but follows the Roman Ritual, as provided in its constitutions, with very slight variations. Devotion towards the Mother of Sorrows being the principal distinctive characteristic of the order, there are special prayers and indulgences attaching to the solemn celebration of the five major Marian feasts: the Annunciation, Visitation, Assumption, Presentation and Nativity of our Blessed Lady. The feast of the Seven Dolours of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated always on the Third Sunday of September, has a privileged octave and is enriched with a plenary indulgence ad instar Portiunculae; that is, as often as a visit is made to a church of the order. In common with all friars the Servite priests wear an amice on the head instead of a biretta while proceeding to and from the altar.
Choir dress of a cardinal, in scarlet, comprising cassock, fascia, rochet, mozzetta, pectoral cross, zucchetto, biretta and ring Cardinals are senior ecclesiastical leaders of the Catholic Church, almost always ordained bishops and generally holding important roles within the church, such as governing prominent archdioceses or managing dicasteries within the Roman Curia. They are created in consistories by the pope and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope (invariably from among themselves, although not a formal requirement) when the Holy See is vacant, following the death or the resignation of the reigning pontiff. The body of all cardinals is collectively known as the College of Cardinals. Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the Holy See falls vacant are eligible to participate in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.
He received the red biretta from Archbishop Bayley in a ceremony at the rebuilt St. Patrick's Cathedral on Mott Street on the following April 27. The Cardinal declared, "Not to my poor merits but to those of the young and already vigorous and most flourishing Catholic Church of America has this honor been given by the Supreme Pontiff. Nor am I unaware that, when the Holy Father determined to confer me this honor he had regard to the dignity of the See of New York, to the merits and devotion of the venerable clergy and numerous laity, and that he had in mind even the eminent rank of this great city and the glorious American nation." Following the death of Pius IX in February 1878, McCloskey left for Rome but arrived too late to participate in the papal conclave, which elected Pope Leo XIII. The new Pope bestowed the red hat upon him on March 28, 1878.
At the request of his cousin, Albert III, the Elector of Brandenburg, Francesco was elevated, on 18 December 1461, "Francesco Cardinal Gonzaga †", Catholic Hierarchy, retrieved 21 January 2014. at the age of seventeen to the rank of Cardinal by Pope Pius II after the Pope had been in Mantua for eight months for the council held in that city. The meeting between the father, Ludovico III, the Marchese di Mantova, and the son, the new Cardinale di Mantova, coming to his hometown for the consecration as a cardinal, was immortalized in one of the most famous paintings of the Italian Renaissance – the frescoes of Andrea Mantegna's Camera degli Sposi ( Italian, "Chamber of the Bride" ). Francesco was the first of the ten members of the House of Gonzaga to be given the red biretta of the cardinal and he was assigned to Santa Maria Nuova,The titular church of Santa Maria Nuova was suppressed on 18 August 1661 by Pope Alexander VII, who replaced it with the new Church of Santa Maria della Scala.
As such it would be inappropriate for him or other Eastern Catholic Patriarchs to accept the rank of cardinal which implied being made a titular member of the Latin Church with a subordinate clerical rank as opposed to their being leaders of their respective churches and successors to their respective apostolic sees united under the leadership of the Supreme Pontiff. On 11 February 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed that Eastern Patriarchs who are elevated to the College of Cardinals would belong to the order of cardinal-bishops, ranked after the suburbicarian cardinal-bishops; that they would not be part of the Roman clergy and would not be assigned any Roman suburbicarian diocese, church or deaconry; that their sees as cardinals would be their patriarchal see. Pope Paul VI's decree satisfied many of the concerns of Patriarch Maximos and he accepted his elevation to the rank of cardinal. He was created cardinal-bishop patriarch in the consistory of 22 February 1965 and received the red biretta on 25 February 1965.webdept.fiu.

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