But the right of angary itself is rather a right deriving from the law of war.
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Whatever the extent of the right of angary may be, it does not derive from the law of neutrality.
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Generally, the right of angary should be applied only in case of pressing need in time of war, and compensation is due to the neutral owner.
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Angary, in international law, the right of belligerents to requisition for their use neutral merchant vessels, aircraft, and other means of transport that are within their territorial jurisdiction.
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The right of angary has, in effect, come to be extended to cover not only land and sea transport but also any kind of neutral property under the jurisdiction of a belligerent.
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The ships were intercepted in the eastern parts of the Indian archipelago by the two warships after Dutch merchant ships had been confiscated by British and American naval forces, exercising the Angary right. The ship was finally decommissioned in 1920.
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402 While her husband held the regency, Agnes, Countess of Moray was the most powerful woman in Scotland.Brown, p.180 She was a very intelligent and intimidating politician,Brown, p.140 and many people were afraid of incurring her wrath. In May 1568, before the Battle of Langside, she coldly informed her frightened cousin, George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly, "ye haf mad me angary".
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From right to left: Prof. Saleh Al Damegh, Dr. Khalid Al Rajhi and Prof. Martin Paul sign the contract agreement on December 18, 2008. In the pursuit of creating the "Islands of Excellence," Sulaiman Al Rajhi University signed a memorandum of understanding under the patronage of H.E. Dr. Khalid bin Mohammad Al Angary, the Saudi Minister of Higher Education, H.E. Ms. Maria Josephina Arnoldina, Netherlands Minister of Economic Affairs, and in the presence of Dr. Mohammed Al Ohali, the ministry's deputy for education.
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The ship was built as the "turret" type steamship Grängesberg by William Doxford & Sons at Sunderland, England, for Wm. H. Müller & Company of Rotterdam and sold to the Holland America Line in 1916 and renamed Beukelsdijk. The ship was taken over by the United States under the right of angary on 20 March 1918 at San Juan, Puerto Rico. She was commissioned on 21 March 1918, with Ensign Frank L. Stiles, National Naval Volunteers (NNV), in command. Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS), Beukelsdijk carried coal to South America; her ports of call included Bahia, Santos, and Rio de Janeiro.
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The term droit is also used in various legal connexions (i.e., French law), such as the droit of angary, the droit d'achat (right of pre-emption) in the case of contraband, the feudal droit de bris (see wreck), the droit de regale or ancient royal privilege of claiming the revenues and patronage of a vacant bishopric, and the feudal droites of seignory generally. In French, droit can mean the whole body of the Law, as in the motto "dieu et mon droit," which is to say "God and my whole body of Law." Droit d'auteur is a term for French copyright law.
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Later renamed SS Zuiderdijk, she was in commercial operation with the Holland-America Line in 1918, when the pressing need of the United States for ships to transport men and material to the front in Europe during World War I forced President Woodrow Wilson to order the seizure of Dutch ships in American ports under international law's right of angary. Customs officials at San Juan, Puerto Rico, took possession of her on 21 March 1918 and turned her over to the U.S. Navy, which placed her in commission as USS Zuiderdijk (Id. No. 2724) on 23 March 1918, Lieutenant W. F. Reefer, USNRF, in command.
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On 4 April 1918, during the final stages of World War I, the ship and escorted the passenger ships Vondel, Kawi, Rindjani and Grotius to the port of Tanjung Priok. The ships were intercepted in the eastern parts of the Indian archipelago by the two warships after Dutch merchant ships had been confiscated by British and American naval forces, exercising the Angary right. After eight years in the Dutch East Indies the ship left on 20 November 1918, going from Tanjung Priok through the Panama Canal and by New York to Den Helder. She arrived on 1 April 1919 and then left for maintenance at Amsterdam.
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Oosterdijk was a commercial cargo ship, with limited passenger accommodation, built as Irvine's Shipbuilding and Dry Docks Company Ltd.'s Yard No.522 at Middleton, West Hartlepool, England for Holland America Line (NV Nederlandsch- Amerikaansche Stoomvaart-Maatschappij - NASM) of Rotterdam. Launched on 21 February 1913, she entered service in May 1913. On 20 March 1918, President Woodrow Wilson signed a proclamation declaring the American seizure of neutral ships under the right of angary — which in wartime allowed a belligerent power to use the property of a neutral country subject to full indemnification — and at Baltimore, Maryland, that day Oosterdijk became one of the first Dutch vessels so seized.
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Neutral ships found it increasingly difficult to make their journeys as they had to rely on coaling in North America which was not easily available to them. Zaanland made her last commercial trip in September 1917 to South America and from there proceeded to North America for coaling and remained there for several months. On 20 March 1918 Zaanland was seized at Newport News by the United States Government under the right of angary, which allowed a belligerent power to use the property of a neutral nation if necessary, subject to full indemnification. United States Shipping Board and its Emergency Fleet Corporation were put in charge of the freighter, which chartered the vessel to the United States Navy to be used by the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS) on 25 March 1918.
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On 15 May 1940, during the battle of France, the U.S. Treasury Department detailed about 150 Coast Guardsmen to go on board the ship and Pier 88 to defend it against possible sabotage. (Under then-current U.S. law, the U.S. Coast Guard was a part of the Treasury during peacetime.) When the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) became a part of the Navy on 1 November 1941, Normandies USCG detail remained intact, mainly observing while the French crew maintained the vessel's boilers, machinery, and other equipment, including the fire-watch system. On 12 December 1941, five days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Coast Guard removed Captain Lehuédé and his crew and took possession of the Normandie under the right of angary, maintaining steam in the boilers and other activities on the idled vessel. However, the elaborate fire-watch system which ensured that any fire would be suppressed before it became a danger was abandoned.
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