The sale of 40 tonnes of charcoal derived from the woody plant marabu comes at a time when the two-year U.S.-Cuban detente looks under threat.
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Detectives also found "clothing that appeared to be worn or used and a claw hammer with brush or woody plant debris" in a trash can and blue jeans in the laundry room that had the blood of both the missing mom and her husband on it, the affidavit states.
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Woody plant (primarily conifer) taxonomy, ecology, conservation, and herbarium development.
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Flowers of beach naupaka (Scaevola taccada), Kiritimati's most typical woody plant.
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Salvia aristata is a perennial, root stout, woody plant found in Iran and Turkey.
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Woody-plant Seed Manual. USDA, For. Serv., Washington DC, Misc. Publ. 654. 416 p.
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Nord, E. C. and A. T. Leiser. Nama lobbii Gray. US Forest Service Woody Plant Seed Manual.
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Couratari calycina is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Guyana.
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Eschweilera beebei is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Venezuela.
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Eschweilera bogotensis is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia.
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Eschweilera fanshawei is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Guyana.
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Eschweilera integricalyx is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia.
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Eschweilera potaroensis is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Guyana.
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Eschweilera sclerophylla is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia.
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Eschweilera venezuelica is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Venezuela.
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Grias colombiana is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia.
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Gustavia excelsa is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia.
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Gustavia gracillima is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia.
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Gustavia latifolia is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia.
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Gustavia longifuniculata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia.
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Gustavia petiolata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia.
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Gustavia sessilis is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia.
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Corythophora labriculata is a species of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family. It is found only in Suriname.
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Couratari sandwithii is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Suriname and Venezuela.
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Eschweilera boltenii is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Suriname and Venezuela.
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Eschweilera rimbachii is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
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Eschweilera squamata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in French Guiana.
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Grias multinervia is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
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Gustavia foliosa is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
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Gustavia pubescens is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
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Gustavia verticillata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama.
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Lecythis brancoensis is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil and Guyana.
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Olea rubrovenia is a woody plant in the Olive genus Olea. The plant is native to Borneo and the Philippines.
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Eschweilera integrifolia is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.
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Eschweilera longirachis is a species of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
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Eschweilera pittieri is a species of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.
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Eschweilera rionegrense is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. Found only in Brazil, it is threatened by habitat loss.
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Grias haughtii is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Colombia in non-flooded lowland forests.
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Studies in the Lowveld savannas of Eswatini confirm different heavy woody plant encroachment, especially by Dichrostachys cinerea, among other factors related to grazing pressure.
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The Woody Plant Seed Manual. Agric. Handbook No. 727. Washington, DC. USDA, Forest Service. p. 1087-1088. It has reddish, brown, or black bark.
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Couratari asterophora is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Couratari asterotricha is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Couratari longipedicellata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Couratari tauari is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera alvimii is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera amazonicaformis is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera amplexifolia is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera atropetiolata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera carinata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera compressa is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil and is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera cyathiformis is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera jacquelyniae is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera rabeliana is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera rhododendrifolia is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera rodriguesiana is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera subcordata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera tetrapetala is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Gustavia erythrocarpa is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Gustavia longepetiolata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Lecythis barnebyi is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Lecythis parvifructa is a species of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Lecythis prancei is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Lecythis retusa is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Lecythis schwackei is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Lecythis serrata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Napoleonaea lutea is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Nigeria. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Napoleonaea reptans is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Nigeria. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Barringtonia payensiana is a species of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family. It is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Cariniana ianeirensis is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Cariniana integrifolia is a species of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Cariniana kuhlmannii is a species of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Cariniana pachyantha is a species of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Cariniana penduliflora is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Cariniana uaupensis is a species of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Couratari prancei is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil and Peru. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera punctata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil and Colombia. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera roraimensis is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil and Venezuela. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Gustavia acuminata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil and Venezuela. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Gustavia monocaulis is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Gustavia santanderiensis is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil and Colombia. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Lecythis schomburgkii is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil and Guyana. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Central Andean dry puna is home to Polylepis species, including the Polylepis tarapacana, which is the woody plant that grows at the highest elevations in the world.
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Eschweilera obversa is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is endemic to the Amazon region in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Eschweilera mexicana, the cajita or jicarillo, is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Mexico. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Austrobasidium is a genus of fungi in the Exobasidiaceae family. The genus is monotypic and contains the single species Austrobasidium pehueldeni, found parasitizing the woody plant Hydrangea serratifolia in Chile.
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McKinley, Duncan C., and John M. Blair. "Woody Plant Encroachment by Juniperus virginiana in a Mesic Native Grassland Promotes Rapid Carbon and Nitrogen Accrual." Ecosystems 11.3 (Apr. 2008): 454-468.
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Bamboo is the fastest-growing woody plant in the world. It can grow up to 91–122 centimetres/day (3.8-5.0 centimetres/hr).Armstrong, W.P. "Bamboo: Remarkable Giant Grasses". Wayne's Word.
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Gustavia serrata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Ecuador and also Brazil. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
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Ficus retusa is a species of evergreen woody plant in the fig genus, native to the Malay Archipelago and Malesia floristic region. The species name has been widely mis-applied to Ficus microcarpa.
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Case Studies On the Status of Invasive Woody Plant Species in the Western Indian Ocean. FAO.org. as biological control of Lantana camara. The wingspan is about 25 mm. The larvae feed on Lantana camara.
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Amicia zygomeris, known as yoke-leaved amicia, is a woody plant in the family Fabaceae (the legumes), native to Mexico. Grown as an ornamental plant, it is said to be hardy down to -10 °C.
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Grias longirachis is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
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Gustavia dodsonii is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
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Lecythis is a genus of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family first described as a genus in 1758.Loefling, Pehr. 1758. Iter Hispanicum 176–189Tropicos, Lecythis Loefl. It is native to Central America and South America.
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Napoleonaea egertonii is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Cameroon, Gabon, and Nigeria. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Caryniana pyriformis Cariniana pyriformis (known as Colombian mahogany or abarco) is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Venezuela. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Berberis hispanica is a shrub belonging to the family Berberidaceae and the genus Berberis (pronounced bẽr’ber-is). It is a woody plant and parts of the plant are considered toxic, although the berries are edible and juicy.
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The testing and evaluation of new woody plant selections and varieties in the climate of the northern Great Plains, initiated by Niels Ebbesen Hansen almost three-quarters of a century ago, remains an integral part of research.
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Dale Deppe is an American horticulture industry innovator of proprietary woody plants. Deppe has received numerous awards in various organizations within the woody plant industry. Dale and Liz Deppe - 2019 Dale and his wife Liz Deppe founded Spring Meadow Nursery in 1981. Spring Meadow Nursery is located in Grand Haven, Michigan US and is one of the largest providers of "proprietary" plant materials in North America In 2004, Spring Meadow joined with Proven Winners as their exclusive woody plant licensee to select, develop, distribute, and market Proven Winners ColorChoice Shrubs.
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Crateranthus talbotii is a species of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family. It is found in Cameroon and Nigeria. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Barringtonia chaniana is a species of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family. It is found only in Pahang and Johor in Malaysia. It is found in lowlands and hill forests up to 570 m and is threatened by habitat loss.
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This minor planet was named after the evergreen woody plant Hedera ("ivy") a genus of climbing or ground-creeping woody plants in the aralia family (ivy family). The was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ().
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During his collecting trips to Africa he was charged with assessing local woody plant species for use in commercial purposes. In addition to the many plant specimens he acquired and described, he was also noted for the photographs he took while collecting.
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In addition to this effect, the removal of fuel reduces both the intensity and the frequency of fires which may control woody plant species.Smith, G., A. Franks, et al. (2000). Impacts of domestic grazing within remnant vegetation. Native Vegetation Management in Queensland.
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Lecythis lanceolata is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae of the order Ericales. It is endemic to the Atlantic Forest ecoregion in southeast Brazil, where is known as sapucaia-mirim. It was described by Jean Louis Marie Poiret in 1804.
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Juniperus turbinata is a woody plant in the family Cupressaceae. The species was previously treated as part of Juniperus phoenicea, which is now regarded as restricted to Portugal, Spain and France, whereas J. turbinata is found from Macaronesia throughout the Mediterranean to the Arabian Peninsula.
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Viburnum elatum is a species of woody plant in the family Adoxaceae (previously Caprifoliaceae).Muller, C. H. (1939). Donoghue, M. J., Eriksson, T., Reeves, P. A., & Olmstead, R. G. (2001). Phylogeny and phylogenetic taxonomy of Dipsacales, with special reference to Sinadoxa and Tetradoxa (Adoxaceae).
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Barringtonia maxwelliana is a species of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family. It is endemic to Bukit Larut (Maxwell Hill) in Perak, Malaysia. It can be found on steep ridges and hillsides in submontane forests, at about 600 m. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Gastrolobium minus, a prostrate shrub native to Western Australia, popular in horticulture A prostrate shrub is a woody plant, most of the branches of which lie upon or just above the ground, rather than being held erect as are the branches of most trees and shrubs.
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Bobwhite and scaled quail responses to burning of redberry juniper- dominated rangelands. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University. Thesis In southwestern Texas, chestnut-bellied scaled quail consumed woody plant seeds and green vegetation. The seeds of brush species comprised 68% of the contents of 32 scaled quail crops.
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In Espírito Santo there were 21 federal, 17 state, 17 municipal and 41 private reserves. There are two centers of endemism. The region has various types of rainforest including semi-deciduous forest, restingas and mangroves along river estuaries. The forest has great diversity of woody plant species.
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Vitex leucoxylon, the white wood chaste tree, is a species of deciduous woody plant with 15m height, in the family Lamiaceae. Native to Western Ghats of India and Sri Lanka. Bark is brown in color. Leaves compound, digitate; apex acute to obtuse; base cuneate - attenuate; margin entire.
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Napoleonaea is a genus of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae first described as a genus in 1804, the same year its namesake (Napoleone di Buonaparte) crowned himself Emperor of the French.Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1804. Napoléone Impériale 1.Tropicos, Napoleonaea P. Beauv.
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Corythophora is a genus of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family first described as a genus in 1939.Knuth, Reinhard Gustav Paul. 1939. Das Pflanzenreich IV. 219a(Heft 105): 50, f. 10Tropicos, Corythophora R. Knuth It is native to northeastern South America (French Guiana, Suriname, northern Brazil).
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Symplocos octopetala is a species of evergreen woody plant with small white flowers in the family Symplocaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica. First described in 1788, the most recent concept of the species includes three taxa described as separate species in the late 19th and early 20th century.
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Viburnum australe, known by the common name Mexican arrowwood, is a woody plant in the family Adoxaceae (previously Caprifoliaceae).Muller, C. H. (1939). Donoghue, M. J., Eriksson, T., Reeves, P. A., & Olmstead, R. G. (2001). Phylogeny and phylogenetic taxonomy of Dipsacales, with special reference to Sinadoxa and Tetradoxa (Adoxaceae).
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Picloram is a systemic herbicide used for general woody plant control. It also controls a wide range of broad-leaved weeds, but most grasses are resistant.Picloram Pesticide Information Profile, Pesticide Management Education Program, Cornell University. A chlorinated derivative of picolinic acid, picloram is in the pyridine family of herbicides.
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Lecythis ampla is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae, which also includes the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa). Common names include coco, olla de mono, jicaro and salero. It is found in Central and South America. It has been considered an endangered species in Costa Rica (IUCN, 1988).
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Vaccinium caesariense has simple, small, oval green leaves during the summer and loses its leaves in the winter. This dicot exhibits a shrub growth habit, meaning this perennial, multi-stemmed woody plant is not likely to grow larger than 5 meters in height, particularly due to its numerous steming arrangements.
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A tree can be defined as a large, perennial, woody plant with secondary branches supported by a primary stem (compare with shrub). There is no set definition regarding minimum size, though most authors cite a tree species as being one which regularly reaches 6 m (20 ft) tall (see also tree).
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Couratari guianensis - MHNT Couratari guianensis, the fine-leaf wadara, cachimbo caspi, cachimbo, capa de tabaco, coco cabuyo, or tauari, is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid. This yellow solid consists of both phenolic and acrylic functional groups. It is found in all plants because it is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin, one of the principal components of woody plant biomass and its residues.
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Typically, temperate woody perennial plants require chilling temperatures to overcome winter dormancy (rest). The effect of chilling temperatures depends on species and growth stage (Fuchigami et al. 1987).Fuchigami, L.H., Nee, C.C., Tanino, K., Chen, T.H.H., Gusta, L.V., and Weiser, C.J. 1987. Woody Plant Growth in a Changing Chemical and Physical Environment. Proc.
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Lecythis lurida is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae of the order Ericales. It is endemic to Brazil, where is known as castanha-jarana. It is found in the states of Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Pará, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, and Sergipe. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Mass attacks of the beetle are necessary to overcome defense mechanisms of trees. Often, P. quercivorus attacks trees from the family Fagaceae but is known to attack 45 different woody plant species from 27 genera in 17 families. Infestation occurs in stages. First, trees surrounding previously infested trees are infested early in the season.
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The planting was designed and executed in the spring of 2011 by students in a cross-listed landscape architecture (LA) and horticulture (HORT) class as part of their curriculum. The class, LA/HORT 4910/20 — Creating the Urban Eden: Woody Plant Selection, Design, and Landscape Establishment, was co-taught by Peter J. Trowbridge and Nina Bassuk.
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North American grasslands have been found to be affected by woody plant encroachment. In the United States, affected ecosystems include the Chihuahuan Desert, the Sonoran Desert, the Northern and Southern Rocky Mountains, the Sagebrush Steppe, as well as the Southern and Central Great Plains. Negative impacts on forage production and an interrelation with carbon sequestration are documented.
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Lakeshore Path as it leads into Willow Creek Woods. Willow Creek Woods consist of the forested areas surrounding Willow Creek, located in the central part of the campus. The area is populated with several types of oak trees including bur oak, white oak, and black oak, as well as various weeds, and other woody plant life.
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Growth from apical meristems is known as primary growth, which encompasses all elongation. Secondary growth encompasses all growth in diameter, a major component of woody plant tissues and many nonwoody plants. For example, storage roots of sweet potato have secondary growth but are not woody. Secondary growth occurs at the lateral meristems, namely the vascular cambium and cork cambium.
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F. compacta is predominantly found in humid conditions such as Latin America and Asia, although it has also been seen in Europe. A large number of cases have been reported from Madagascar in Africa, Brazil and Japan. Its natural habitat consists of soil and woody plant material. It is a saprotroph, commonly associated with forest litter decomposition.
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Boscia senegalensis, commonly known as hanza, is a member of the family Capparaceae. The plant originated from West Africa. Still a traditional food plant in Africa, this little-known fruit has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare. Boscia senegalensis is a perennial woody plant species of the genus Boscia in the caper family, Capparaceae.
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Varieties and cultivars The plant is high and wide, which grows as a perennial herbaceous or slightly woody plant on the ground. The stems stand upright. The leaves are broad ovate in outline and wedge-shaped in the petiole, the length of the leaves is more than 6 inches. The lower leaves are plumed, further up the stems they are increasingly entire.
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Rhus aromatica, the fragrant sumac, is a deciduous shrub in the family Anacardiaceae native to North America. It is found in southern Canada (Alberta to Quebec) and nearly all of the lower 48 states except peninsular Florida. It grows in upland open woods, fields, barrens, and rocky cliffs. Fragrant sumac is a woody plant that can grow to around tall with a rounded form.
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The town had a population of 15,050 in 2012 and covers an area of of which is water. It's the world's biggest joined floriculture area. Boskoop is famous for its nurseries, particularly woody plant and perennial nurseries, of which some 774 are situated on long stretches of land, divided by narrow canals. Before World War II almost all transport was conducted using narrow boats.
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Acer palmatum, commonly known as Japanese maple, palmate maple, or smooth Japanese maple (Japanese: irohamomiji, , or momiji, ), is a species of woody plant native to Japan, Korea, China, eastern Mongolia, and southeast Russia. Many different cultivars of this maple have been selected and they are grown worldwide for their large variety of attractive forms, leaf shapes, and spectacular colors.Philips, Roger (1979). Trees of North America and Europe.
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Accordingly, in the early 1990s scientists began a taxonomic identification of wood charcoal based on anatomical characteristics by comparison to a reference collection of known woody plant species for the particular region or island which allowed scientists to refine their samples for testing further. Unfortunately, not all archaeologists working Polynesia had availed themselves of these advances casting doubt in the field of study for a time.
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Nearly 54 woody plant species have been recorded from the park, of which 27 (50%) are endemic to Sri Lanka. Frequent fire and grazing characterises Plagioclimax communities of the grassland flora. Grasslands are dominated by Arundinella villosa and Chrysopogon zeylanicus. Waterlogged swamps or slow moving streams are found in low-lying areas, and macrophytes such as Aponogeton jacobsenii, sedge species Isolopis fluitans and Utricularia spp.
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Other woody plant communities include wild rose shrublands dominated by Rosa pimpinellifolia and Rosa canina, and low woodlands of dwarf juniper (Juniperus communis ssp. nana) with an understory of Convolvulus calvertii. Areas of steppe are interspersed among the forests and woodlands, and anthropogenic steppe has expanded where woodlands and forests have been degraded or destroyed. Steppe of Artemisia fragrans is common at lower elevations.
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Cariniana legalis is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in south-eastern Brazil, where is known as jequitibá-branco or jequitibá-rosa, possibly Colombia, and possibly Venezuela. One of the biggest trees in the Atlantic Forest, there are some old trees in Santa Rita do Passa Quatro and near Petrópolis. One of these trees is more than 3 000 years old.
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Prior to the publication of P. trichocarpa genome the only available plant genomes were those of thale cress and rice, both of which are herbaceous. P. trihocarpa is the first woody plant genome to be sequenced. Considering the economic importance of wood and wood products, the availability of a tree genome was necessary. The sequence also allows evolutionary comparisons and the elucidation of basic molecular differences between herbaceous and woody plants.
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American lotus at Lake Jackson, Florida, August 2006 Submerged vegetation is abundant throughout the lake and include blue hyssop, coontail, green fanwort, variable-leaf milfoil, and bladderwort. Marsh plants include maidencane, pickerelweed, American lotus, and slender spikerush. Numerous wetland tree and woody plant species also inhabit the drier portions of the transitional marsh. These include sweetgum, a variety of oaks, wax myrtle, the Carolina willow (salix caroliniana), and elderberry.
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Mycorrhizae, symbiotic fungal-plant communities, are important to the success of revegetation efforts. Most woody plant species need these root-fungi communities to thrive, and nursery or greenhouse transplants may not have sufficient or correct mycorrhizae for good survival. Mycorhizal communities are particularly beneficial to nitrogen-fixing woody plants, C4-grasses, and soil environments low in phosphorus. Two types of mycorrhizal fungi aid in restoration: ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
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Juniperus communis, the common juniper, is a species of small tree or shrub in the genus Juniperus, in the family Cupressaceae. This evergreen conifer has the largest geographical range of any woody plant, with a circumpolar distribution throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic south in mountains to around 30°N latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. Relict populations can be found in the Atlas Mountains of Africa.
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Witch's brooms on downy birch, caused by the fungus Taphrina betulina Witch's broom on a white pine. Witch's broom or witches' broom is a deformity in a woody plant, typically a tree, where the natural structure of the plant is changed. A dense mass of shoots grows from a single point, with the resulting structure resembling a broom or a bird's nest. It is sometimes caused by pathogens.
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Jerusalino “Jerry” V. Araos (1944-2012) was a Filipino sculptor, landscape artist, and activist best known for using discarded wood and felled trees in his sculptures, and for his prominent role in the resistance against the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos. Araos is also known for having popularized the term "Bansoy" - a portmanteau of "bansot na halamang makahoy" (short woody plant) - in reference to Philippine interpretations of Bonsai art.
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Tree crown The crown of a plant refers to the total of an individual plant's aboveground parts, including stems, leaves, and reproductive structures. A plant community canopy consists of one or more plant crowns growing in a given area. The crown of a woody plant (tree, shrub, liana) is the branches, leaves, and reproductive structures extending from the trunk or main stems. Shapes of crowns are highly variable.
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Couroupita nicaraguarensis (the epithet often spelled as nicaraguensis), the bala de cañón, coco de mono, paraíso, zapote de mico, or zapote de mono, is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico and Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss. In Puerto Rico, the only place it is found at is Toa Alta, Puerto Rico.CienciaPR.
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The ecoregion holds seasonally dry tropical deciduous forest and arid or riparian scrub. Botanically it is the richest of the inter-Andean valleys, with 184 woody plant species. Characteristic species include Acacia macracantha, Athyana weinntanniifolia, Ceiba insignis, Cordia iguaguana, Cyathostegia mathewsii, Eriotheca discolor, Eriotheca peruviana, Geoffroea spinosa, Hura crepitans, Krameria lappacea, Llagunoa nitida, Parkinsonia praecox, Praecereus euchlorus and Rauhocereus riosaniensis. 69 species are endemic to Peru and many are found only in small, isolated areas.
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Salbia haemorrhoidalis, the lantana leaftier, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is native to South America, Central America, the Antilles and the southern United States, but has been introduced in Hawaii in 1956, Queensland in 1958 and Réunion, MauritiusFAO.org - Kueffer & Mauremootoo, 2004 - Case studies on the Status of Invasive Woody plant species in the Western Indian Ocean to control Lantana. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1854.
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Maturing rapidly, females breed profusely so that the number of these insects multiplies quickly. Winged females may develop later in the season, allowing the insects to colonise new plants. In temperate regions, a phase of sexual reproduction occurs in the autumn, with the insects often overwintering as eggs. The life cycle of some species involves an alternation between two species of host plants, for example between an annual crop and a woody plant.
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Kirkham sits on many professional committees including the International Dendrology Society, science and education committee, RHS, awards committee and is a vice chair of the RHS woody plant committee. Trustee of the Tree Register of Britain and Ireland (TROBI), trustee of the Yorkshire Arboretum at Castle Howard and trustee of the Chelsea Physic Garden where he also serves as the Chairman of the Advisory Committee. Kirkham was awarded an MBE in 2020.
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Peraphyllum ramosissimum is a shrub which may reach in height and bears small pomes about wide. The leaves are simple; they can grow very close together on short shoots but are well separated on longer shoots.Janene Auger and Justin G. Smith, Peraphyllum ramosissimum Nutt., squaw-apple in Woody Plant Seed Manual Interim Web Site Like most other flowering plants of the Rosaceae, Peraphyllum ramosissimum has 5 petals and 5 sepals with radial symmetry.
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Phylloxerans are aphid-like insects that are parasitic hemipterans on deciduous trees and perennial fruit crops. They feed on leaves and roots and are cecidogenic which means they induce galls to form. They have very complex life cycles with cyclical parthenogenesis and host alternation. In outline, a female fundatrix hatches from an overwintering egg on the primary host which is usually a woody plant before bud burst stimulating a gall to form on the young leaves.
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In vitro effects of three woody plant and sainfoin extracts on 3rd-stage larvae and adult worms of three gastrointestinal nematodes. Parasitology, 129: 69–77Waghorn G. C., G.B. Douglas, J.H. Niezen, W.C. McNabb and A.G. Foote, 1998. Forages with condensed tannins – their management and nutritive value for ruminants. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 60: 89–98Waller P. J., From discovery to development: Current industry perspectives for the development of novel methods of helminth control in livestock, 2006.
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Ectomycorrhizal fungi are found throughout boreal, temperate and tropical ecosystems, primarily among the dominant woody-plant-producing families. Many of the fungal families common in temperate forests (e.g. Russulaceae, Boletaceae, Thelephoraceae) are also widespread in the southern hemisphere and tropical dipterocarp forests: although the plant families are quite different in temperate and tropical forests, the ectomycorrhizal fungi are fairly similar. The types of EcM fungi are affected by soil types both in the field and in the lab.
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Sand dune willows are fairly rare in New York State, but are a common woody plant in these dunes. This "beachgrass plant community" stabilizes the dunes against erosion by wind and storm, and enables the growth of a more complex, "poison ivy-dune grape-cottonwood plant community" deeper in the dunes. Beachgrass growth is disrupted by human and animal traffic. In heavily used regions of the eastern Lake Ontario dunes, foot traffic has eliminated this plant community entirely.
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Secondary forests appear to accumulate woody plant species at a relatively rapid rate but the mechanisms involved are complex and no clear pattern emerged. This process helped grow the trees in which Emperor tamarins primarily reside in when found in secondary forests.Brown S. and Lugo A. 1990. Tropical Secondary Forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6:1-32 The average size of the group tamarins live in is two to eight individuals, but it can range from four to eighteen.
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Like other Xylocopa, X. micans creates nests by excavating in woody plant material, such as the dead wood of nearly any species. However, the nests of X. micans have rarely been observed in nature. Females use strong jaws to vibrate holes in wood, and then burrow to form a nest of roughly 8 mm in diameter, with several brood cells spaced along the length of the nest. The entire length of the nest is roughly 12 cm.
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A giant tortoise browsing leaves Primarily herbivores, Aldabra giant tortoises eat grasses, leaves, and woody plant stems. They occasionally indulge in small invertebrates and carrion, even eating the bodies of other dead tortoises. In captivity, Aldabra giant tortoises are known to consume fruits such as apples and bananas, as well as compressed vegetable pellets. Little fresh water is available for drinking in the tortoises' natural habitat, so they obtain most of their moisture from their food.
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The ecoregion is in the neotropical realm, in the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome. The portion of the ecoregion to the south and west of Lake Maracaibo is viewed as a Pleistocene refugium for woody plant families, and is the only area north of the Andes still holding remnants of Brazil and Colombia's Amazonian flora. The forested lower slopes of the Onia River basin south of the lake have a number of relict plant species.
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As a result, much of the world's savannas have undergone change as a result of grazing by sheep, goats and cattle, ranging from changes in pasture composition to woody weed encroachment. The removal of grass by grazing affects the woody plant component of woodland systems in two major ways. Grasses compete with woody plants for water in the topsoil and removal by grazing reduces this competitive effect, potentially boosting tree growth.Burrows, W. H., J. C. Scanlan, et al. (1988).
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A marsh along the edge of a small river Marsh in shallow water on a lakeshore Green Cay Wetlands, Palm Beach County, Florida A marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p Marshes can often be found at the edges of lakes and streams, where they form a transition between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
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Amanita vittadinii, commonly known as the Vittadini's lepidella, is a European saprophyte mushroom classified in the genus Amanita Unlike some Amanitas, this species is known to occur without accompanying woody plant symbionts.From R. E. Tulloss' website - 'Amanita vittadinii (Moretti) Vitt. "Vittadini's Lepidella"'. It has a general aspect somewhat between Macrolepiota and Armillaria, but it is characterized by a pure white colour overall (whilst those genera are brownish) and by the squamous (scaly) covering of cap and stipe.
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Fruit of Hakea lissosperma Flower of Hakea lissosperma The mountain needlewood is a spreading shrub or small tree commonly with spiny leaves and dense clusters of white flowers, growing approximately from in height. It is a low woody plant with several main stout branches. The flat evergreen leaves are terete, usually in length and wide. The leaf follicles are usually long and wide while the mature ones are about and wide and coarsely wrinkled or blistered.
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An urban forest is a forest, or a collection of trees, that grow within a city, town or a suburb. In a wider sense, it may include any kind of woody plant vegetation growing in and around human settlements. As opposed to a forest park, whose ecosystems are also inherited from wilderness leftovers, urban forests often lack amenities like public bathrooms, paved paths, or sometimes clear borders which are distinct features of parks. Care and management of urban forests is called urban forestry.
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Ti is a palm-like plant growing up to tall with an attractive fan-like and spirally arranged cluster of broadly elongated leaves at the tip of the slender trunk. It has numerous color variations, ranging from plants with red leaves to green and variegated forms. It is a woody plant with leaves (rarely ) long and wide at the top of a woody stem. It produces long panicles of small scented yellowish to red flowers that mature into red berries.
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On the corner of West 85th Street and West End Avenue, a Japanese Maple (acer palmatum) species of woody plant can be seen. Red House at 350 West 85th Street, between West End Avenue and Riverside Drive, was built in 1903–04, and the six-story French Renaissance/Gothic building was designated a landmark in 1982. It was one of the first apartment buildings in the area, supplanting the earlier row houses. Writer Dorothy Parker lived here at one time.
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Climate models predict that northern Australia may see slightly increased rainfall in the coming decades.However, the precipitation may be less reliable, and as a result there may be long periods of drought or at the very least a longer dry season each year. In addition, climate change will bring with it higher overall temperatures, as well as continually elevating levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). Preliminary research shows that higher temperatures, higher rainfall, and elevated CO2 levels may lead to increased woody plant growth.
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Solanum vestissimum is a subtropical perennial plant from northwestern South America. Also known within its native range as toronjo, tumo, or coquina melón, S. vestissimum is a large semi-woody plant or shrub, up to 8 meters in height, though usually much smaller. The very large heart-shaped leaves are lined with spines along the top and bottom of the dorsal vein, similar to the naranjilla or pseudolulo. The leaves and stems of the plant are otherwise covered in short, felt-like hairs.
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Chair created using aeroponic root shaping The oldest known living examples of woody plant shaping are the aeroponically cultured living root bridges built by the ancient War- Khasi people of the Cherrapunjee region in India. These are being maintained and further developed today by the people of that region. Aeroponic growing was first formally studied by W. Carter in 1942. Carter researched air culture growing and described "a method of growing plants in water vapor to facilitate examination of roots".
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Callus cells forming during a process called "induction" in Pteris vittata Plant species representing all major land plant groups have been shown to be capable of producing callus in tissue culture. A callus cell culture is usually sustained on gel medium. Callus induction medium consists of agar and a mixture of macronutrients and micronutrients for the given cell type. There are several types of basal salt mixtures used in plant tissue culture, but most notably modified Murashige and Skoog medium, White's medium, and woody plant medium.
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The federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 is a legal framework for the protection of threatened species. Numerous protected areas have been created under the national Biodiversity Action Plan to protect and preserve unique ecosystems; 65 wetlands are listed under the Ramsar Convention, and 16 World Heritage Sites have been established. Australia was ranked 13th in the world on the 2005 Environmental Sustainability Index. Most Australian woody plant species are evergreen and many are adapted to fire and drought, including many eucalyptus and acacias.
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The park contains many species of trees and shrubs and holds at least four world records for documented tree and liana richness as well as three world records for diversity in woody plant species. Several recent book publications in coordination with PUCE have provided comprehensive information about plant species within the Yasuni region, one of which details 337 plants, predominantly trees, endemic to the Yasuni Region. The park also hosts a list endemic species such as 43 different species of vertebrates and 220–720 different plant species.
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Amsonia tomentosa is a species of flowering plant native to the southwestern United States (S California, S Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, W Texas) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua).Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesBiota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map Its common names include woolly bluestar and gray amsonia. Amsonia tomentosa is a short, woody plant with many erect stems rarely reaching half a meter in height. The plant has two forms, a green glabrous (hairless) form, and a gray woolly form.
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It is an evergreen perennial climbing or trailing woody plant shrub or bush, growing to 20–30 m high where suitable surfaces (trees, cliffs, walls) are available, and also growing as ground cover where there are no vertical surfaces. It climbs by means of aerial rootlets which cling to the substrate. In warm climates, it grows more rapidly and becomes established faster than the related H. hibernica, and H. helix. It is endemic to the Canary islands where it is quite common especially in Laurel forest of Barbusano.
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When rain forests are logged and burned, not only do we lose the forests' capacity to take up CO2 from the atmosphere, but also the carbon stored in that biomass and soil is released into the atmosphere through release of roots from the soil and the burning of the woody plant matter. An emerging proposal, Reduced Emissions from Avoided Deforestation and Degradation (REDD), would allow rain forest preservation to qualify for CDM project status. REDD has gained support through recent meetings of the COP, and will be examined at Copenhagen.
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Xylocopa micans, also known as the southern carpenter bee, is a species of bee within Xylocopa, the genus of carpenter bees. The southern carpenter bee can be found mainly in the coastal and gulf regions of the southeastern United States, as well as Mexico and Guatemala. Like all Xylocopa bees, X. micans bees excavate nests in woody plant material. However, unlike its sympatric species Xylocopa virginica, X. micans has not been found to construct nest galleries in structural timbers of building, making it less of an economic nuisance to humans.
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Fagaceae is one of the most ecologically important woody plant families in the Northern Hemisphere, as oaks form the backbone of temperate forest in North America, Europe, and Asia and one of the most significant sources of wildlife fodder. Several members of the Fagaceae have important economic uses. Many species of oak, chestnut, and beech (genera Quercus, Castanea, and Fagus, respectively) are commonly used as timber for floors, furniture, cabinets, and wine barrels. Cork for stopping wine bottles and myriad other uses is made from the bark of cork oak, Quercus suber.
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A horizontal espalier Free-standing espaliered fruit trees (step-over) at Standen, West Sussex, England, May 2006. As can be seen, the trees are used to create a fruit border or low hedge. Espalier ( or ) is the horticultural and ancient agricultural practice of controlling woody plant growth for the production of fruit, by pruning and tying branches to a frame. Plants are frequently shaped in formal patterns, flat against a structure such as a wall, fence, or trellis, and also plants which have been shaped in this way.
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In fact Oxo- biodegradation of polymer material has been studied in depth at the Technical Research Institute of Sweden and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. A peer-reviewed report of the work was published in Vol 96 of the journal of Polymer Degradation & Stability (2011) at page 919-928. It shows 91% biodegradation in a soil environment within 24 months, when tested in accordance with ISO 17556. This is similar to the breakdown of woody plant material where lignin is broken down and forms a humus component improving the soil quality.
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Human induced climate change resulting from the greenhouse effect may result in an alteration of the structure and function of savannas. Some authors have suggested that savannas and grasslands may become even more susceptible to woody plant encroachment as a result of greenhouse induced climate change. However, a recent case described a savanna increasing its range at the expense of forest in response to climate variation, and potential exists for similar rapid, dramatic shifts in vegetation distribution as a result of global climate change, particularly at ecotones such as savannas so often represent.
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The harsh environment supports only specialized plants and animals capable of managing the cold, dry climate. There are very limited stands of Asian spruce (Picea schrenkiana) and juniper shrubs on low, north-facing slopes where they can capture moisture or snow melt. Along riverbeds there are a few plants such as a salt-tolerant form of tamarisk (Myricaria), a woody plant the exists mostly underground. Some slopes below 5,300 meters support a high cold steppe community that features sedges (Carex), purple feathergrass (Stipa purpurea), falcate crazyweed (locoweed) (Oxytropis falcata).
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The smallest population examined was in only 50% full sunlight, while the other two were in full sunlight more than 90% of the day and supported much larger populations. As such, the control of woody plant growth, either naturally or artificially, is important to maintain healthy populations of the plant. The ten-angled pipewort was found to occur with several rare or threatened wetland plants, such as Cleistes divaricata (spreading pogonia), Drosera rotundifolia (round-leaved sundew), Carex trichocarpa (hairy-fruit sedge) and Sanguisorba canadensis (Canada burnet), though these associations differed from site to site.
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Lavandula stoechas Linnaea borealis A subshrub (Latin suffrutex) or dwarf shrub is a short woody plant. Prostrate shrub is a related term. "Subshrub" is often used interchangeably with "bush".Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. London, 4th ed 1928 Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub; examples of reasons for describing plants as subshrubs include ground-hugging stems or low growth habit.
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Gustavia fosteri, one of several plants in the genus Gustavia known by the Spanish common name membrillo, is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only on Barro Colorado Island in Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss. Gustavia fosteri is distinguished from the more abundant Gustavia superba by several features, including smaller leaves; mostly terminal inflorescences; a calyx comprising four lobes whilst that of Gustavia superba is entire; petals coloured pink throughout rather than white flushed pink; white rather than orange mesocarp "flesh" in the fruit.
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It is the only woody plant occurring over large areas of high altitude Tibet, and grows very slowly in the harsh climatic conditions there. The wood is therefore of major importance to local communities for building construction and fuel, and is also burnt for incense. The foliage is also heavily browsed by domestic goats and other livestock. Both uses have resulted in a significant decline in the species' abundance; formerly listed (1998) as not threatened,Conifer Specialist Group (1998): Juniperus tibetica it has more recently (2005) been re-categorised as Near Threatened.
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The caudex of a tree fern resembles the trunk of a woody plant, but has a different structure. The caudex of Jatropha cathartica is pachycaul, with thickening that provides water storage. A caudex (plural: caudices) of a plant is a stem, but the term is also used to mean a rootstock and particularly a basal stem structure from which new growth arises.pages 456 and 695 In the strict sense of the term, meaning a stem, "caudex" is most often used with plants that have a different stem morphology from the typical angiosperm dicotyledon stem: examples of this include palms, ferns, and cycads.
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M. albus has typical weedy attributes such as prolific seed production, persistence and presence along roadsides and railways, and as a result can negatively impact ecosystem services, wildlife habitats, and agriculture. White sweetclover degrades natural grassland communities by overtopping and shading native species. In the US, many studies have shown that M. albus adversely affects native grass and forb recruitment and growth, as well as restricting the establishment and growth of woody plant species. M. albus is a particular threat to prairies because it easily invades open areas and may compete for resources with native species.
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It seems that one miscounted and the others used those figures. Another count of Appendix C of the Protected Site Application and Appendix E of Revisioning an Historic Landscape, which appear to be identical show the plan to be for 282 deciduous trees of 141 taxa, 428 conifers of 93 taxa, 3,250 shrubs of 276 taxa, 76 vines of 13 taxa and ground cover taxa to be 32 for a total of 555 woody plant species. In addition the formal shrub and hedge display section 5C of the original plan was not included in either of those appendices.
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A plant cell in hypotonic solution will absorb water by endosmosis, so that the increased volume of water in the cell will increase pressure, making the protoplasm push against the cell wall, a condition known as turgor. Turgor makes plant cells push against each other in the same way and is the main line method of support in non-woody plant tissue. Plant cell walls resist further water entry after a certain point, known as full turgor, which stops plant cells from bursting as animal cells do in the same conditions. This is also the reason that plants stand upright.
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Girdling in Lille, Northern France Girdling, also called ring-barking, is the complete removal of the bark (consisting of cork cambium or "phellogen", phloem, cambium and sometimes going into the xylem) from around the entire circumference of either a branch or trunk of a woody plant. Girdling results in the death of the area above the girdle over time. A branch completely girdled will fail and when the main trunk of a tree is girdled, the entire tree will die, if it cannot regrow from above to bridge the wound. Human practices of girdling include forestry, horticulture, and vandalism.
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A recent model identifying the impacts of climate change and altered fire regimes and plant communities predicts that woody plant extinctions will increase, causing changes in ecosystem structure, composition, and carbon storage. The fire- climate interactions of a changing climate are predicted to reduce population recovery for plants solely dependent on seed production for re-population. As climates shift to warmer and drier, seedling recruitment may become poor or non-existent. This post-fire recruitment shift means that a decrease in precipitation causes an increase in dry or drought-prone years which causes a decrease in seed recruitment probability.
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Like bananas, Ensete ventricosum is a large non-woody plant—a gigantic monocarpic evergreen perennial herb (not a tree)—up to tall. It has a stout pseudostem of tightly overlapping leaf bases, and large banana-like leaf blades of up to tall by wide, with a salmon-pink midrib. The flowers, which only occur once from the centre of the plant at the end of that plant's life, are in massive pendant thyrses covered by large pink bracts. Though the roots are an important foodstuff, the fruits are inedible (insipid, flavorless) and have hard, black, rounded seeds.
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In hydrology, oasification is the antonym to desertification by soil erosion; this technique has limited application and is normally considered for much smaller areas than those threatened by desertification. To help the oasification process, engineers aim to develop a thriving dense woody plant cover to redress the hydrological, edaphic and botanical degradation affecting a slope. This is done through appropriate soil preparation and the introduction of suitable plant species. It is also necessary to make adequate water harvesting systems—ideally taking advantage of the degradation process of the slope, collecting runoff water in ponds around the sites to be forested.
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On one hand, they are often set by indigenous people who use the fires to concentrate marsupials for hunting, which in turn results in lower lawn grazing and more woody plant growth. On the other hand, these fires destroy woody plants and allow grass to grow in its place, which increases potential marsupial lawn area. Consequently, fire suppression efforts may prevent some lawns from getting the woody growth pruning they need. In addition, fire suppression causes unnatural brush buildup, so when an area finally burns it can become hot enough to reduce the viability of the soil for years.
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The primary food source of this species is ripe and unripe fruit; it has the highest reliance on this food source of all species in this genus. A variety of species provide fruit year-round, but leaves supplement the sugars of the fruits with protein in their diets. When these food sources are limited, the howlers also supplement their diets with more mature leaves, flowers, woody plant matter, and sometimes fungi to possibly help digest the increased plant matter. Spix's red-handed howlers generally move in groups of 4-11 individuals, and have relatively small home ranges, 5-45 ha in size.
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In the mountains of Hokkaido females of this species do fly; in this area they lay eggs on upright, woody plant stems. On Ellesmere Island the females typically lay their eggs in a mass on or in their cocoon, although they sometimes lay their eggs on the ground or on vegetation around the cocoon. Females can produce fertile eggs without mating (parthenogenesis). Vladimir Dubatolov was able to rear a female from eastern Yakutia, and subsequently from northwestern Chukotka, without a male present from its emergence from its cocoon, and both times the moths laid eggs which hatched into viable caterpillars.
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However, this is believed now to be an overestimate on climatic grounds. At that time, the site was covered by a boreal forest thought to be too cold for the box huckleberry to survive; the current forest did not begin to appear at the site until about 8,000 years ago. This age would still make it the oldest woody plant in North America east of the Rocky Mountains. Recent studies have attempted to determine whether, in fact, the reproduction of the colony (since heavily damaged by a forest fire in 1963 and road construction in the 1970s) has been entirely clonal.
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The arboretum contains about 4,200 trees and shrubs across the campus, representing 88 species of woody plants in total, with about 100 collected botanical specimens. In addition to native plants of Texas and northeast Mexico, the collection focuses on other major woody plant genera of eastern North America (specifically oaks, elms, ashes, hickories, maples and pines) or plants of particular horticultural interest in the region. Of particular interest was the Pershing Tree, a pecan tree planted in 1920 by General John Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Force in World War I. The tree has since been struck by lightning. Beyond repair, it was removed.
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The D. A. Murphy Panhandle Arboretum (40 acres) is an arboretum located at the University of Nebraska Panhandle Research and Extension Center, 4502 Avenue I, Scottsbluff, Nebraska. The Arboretum was established in 1984 as the University of Nebraska Panhandle Arboretum, and in 1985 recognized as a Nebraska Statewide Arboretum affiliate. In 1987 the Arboretum was awarded a generous endowment from local businessman D. A. Murphy's estate and renamed in his honor. The Arboretum is a teaching and demonstration site, and features the David Nuland Ground Cover Collection, the Trails West Iris Collection, the Diana Harms cottonwood Collection, the Panhandle Prairie Transition site, and various tree and woody plant groves.
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There are two ecological communities within Yanga National Park which are listed as endangered under the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act (1995), Myall woodland and an aquatic ecological community in the natural drainage system of the lower Murray River catchment. There is currently about 30 hectares of Myall woodland in Yanga National Park located north of Yanga Lake. The community consists of low woodland, with a tree layer of mostly weeping Myall or boree (Acacia pendula) as the dominant species. The understorey includes an open layer of chenopod shrubs and other woody plant species and an open to continuous groundcover of grasses and herbs.
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Digitalis obscura Digitalis obscura is a flowering plant, commonly known as the sunset foxglove or willow-leaved foxglove. It is native to regions in Spain and Africa, but can be grown as an ornamental flower around the world. It is a perennial woody plant belonging to the family Plantaginaceae. (Along with the other foxgloves it used to be placed in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae; however, recent genetic research has moved the genus Digitalis to a larger family.) The sunset foxglove is similar to many of the foxglove species in its high toxicity and medicinal use as a source for the heart-regulating drug digoxin.
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PlantGDB The Cycad Genomics Project,Cycad Genomics Project home for example, aims to understand the differences in structure and function of genes between gymnosperms and angiosperms through sampling in the order Cycadales. In the process, it intends to make available information for the study of evolution of seeds, cones and evolution of life cycle patterns. Presently the most important sequenced genomes from an evo-devo point of view include those of A. thaliana (a flowering plant), poplar (a woody plant), Physcomitrella patens (a bryophyte), Maize (extensive genetic information), and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (a green alga). The impact of such a vast amount of information on understanding common underlying developmental mechanisms can easily be realised.
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Mr. Regin was a member and participant in CANOPY a group of volunteers working in public green spaces and in 2002 he was in the first class of Communitree Stewards a volunteer group operating through Cornell Cooperative Extension where in 2002 he was singled out for recognition for sheer volume of volunteer work. On a number of occasions he received correspondence from the Parks Department, Community Groups and other government entities which identified him as the Steward of the James Pass Arboretum a position that he never sought. A February 2002 service plan was completed using an adopt-a-lot application. During 2001 and 2002 he attended several workshops in Woody Plant Propagation at the Arnold Arboretum.
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Juniperus indica, the black juniper, is a juniper native to high-altitude climates in the Himalaya, occurring from the northern Indus Valley in Kashmir east to western Yunnan in China. It is of interest as the highest elevation woody plant known, reported growing as high as 5200 m in southern Tibet; the lowest limit being 2600 m. It is a shrub growing to 50–200 cm tall, with largely horizontal branching. The leaves are dark grey-green, dimorphic, with adult plants having mostly scale-like leaves 1–3 mm long, while young plants have mostly needle-like leaves 5–8 mm long, but needle-like leaves can also be found on shaded shoots of adult plants.
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Clathrus ruber is a species of fungus in the family Phallaceae, and the type species of the genus Clathrus. It is commonly known as the latticed stinkhorn, the basket stinkhorn, or the red cage, alluding to the striking fruit bodies that are shaped somewhat like a round or oval hollow sphere with interlaced or latticed branches. The fungus is saprobic, feeding off decaying woody plant material, and is often found alone or in groups in leaf litter on garden soil, grassy places, or on woodchip garden mulches. Although considered primarily a European species, C. ruber has been introduced to other areas, and now has a wide distribution that includes all continents except Antarctica.
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Her larger private projects include the gardens at Ascot House in Berkshire and at Eaton Hall, Cheshire; a garden and parkland in Dallas, Philadelphia and Rhode Island; and further gardens in France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Austria, Switzerland, Mexico, Barbados, Canada, Ukraine, Moscow and the United States. Her client list includes Sting, Sir Terence Conran, David Gilmour (Pink Floyd), Queen Paola of Belgium, and Dame Theresa Sackler, "one of Britain’s leading philanthropists". She is a trustee of the Chelsea Physic Garden; and the Scientific Panel of the International Dendrology Society; trustee of The Tree Register of the British Isles (T.R.O.B.I.); member of the RHS Woody Plant Committee; and a patron of Painshill Park Trust.
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It is one of nine places in the world that has over 4,000 vascular plant species per 10,000 km2. The park contains many species of trees and shrubs and holds at least four world records for documented tree and liana richness as well as three world records for diversity in woody plant species. The park also hosts a list endemic species such as 43 different species of vertebrates and 220–720 different plant species. Moreover, the park breaks world records for local-scale (less than 100 km2) tree, amphibian, and bat species richness, and is one of the richest spots in the world for birds and mammals at local scales as well.
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Georgia represents 1of 34 biodiversity hotspots identified by Conservation International as areas distinguished for having high levels of endemism whilst also being seriously threatened by habitat loss. The Caucasus eco-region, where Georgia is part of, is identified as having global significance by WWF due also to high levels of diversity and of specific evolutional processes and unique historical floral and faunal development. Numerous plant and creature species in Georgia are debilitated, including 29 mammals, 35 bird, 11 reptile, 2 amphibians, 14 fish and 56 woody plant species according to IUCN Red List of Georgian Endangered Species. An example is the extinction of the Goitered gazelle and the southern populace of wild goat.
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It is mostly found in Appalachia; many of its stations there were known to natives, who picked and ate the berries, before botanists became aware of them in the 1920s. A relict species nearly exterminated by the last ice age, box huckleberry is self-sterile, and is found in isolated colonies which reproduce clonally by extending roots. One colony in Pennsylvania was once estimated to be as many as 13,000 years old; more recent estimates have an upper bound of about 8,000 years, which would make it the oldest woody plant east of the Rocky Mountains. Another colony in Pennsylvania, about 1,300 years old, has been protected by the Hoverter and Sholl Box Huckleberry Natural Area.
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Pruning: dense growth after shearing Pruning is a horticultural and silvicultural practice involving the selective removal of certain parts of a plant, such as branches, buds, or roots. Reasons to prune plants include deadwood removal, shaping (by controlling or redirecting growth), improving or sustaining health, reducing risk from falling branches, preparing nursery specimens for transplanting, and both harvesting and increasing the yield or quality of flowers and fruits. The practice entails targeted removal of diseased, damaged, dead, non-productive, structurally unsound, or otherwise unwanted tissue from crop and landscape plants. In general, the smaller the branch that is cut, the easier it is for a woody plant to compartmentalize the wound and thus limit the potential for pathogen intrusion and decay.
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But since the arrival of Europeans in the Southwest, fire has been suppressed to such an extent — on average from occurring every 8 to 10 years to now occurring almost never, except for forest fires — that woody plants have out-competed grasses and transformed historic grasslands into a landscape dominated by trees and shrubs. The majority of grass biomass consists of roots that lie beneath the surface while trees and other woody plants is just the opposite, above ground. Before the arrival of Europeans, Southwest grassland fires occurred so often that they killed many woody plant species, yet merely topped off and strengthened the health of grasses. This frequent fire regime was a long time, natural intervention allowing grasses to out-compete woody plants.
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The wood of C. mas is extremely dense and, unlike the wood of most other woody plant species, sinks in water. This density makes it valuable for crafting into tool handles, parts for machines, etc. Cornus mas was used from the seventh century BC onward by Greek craftsmen to construct spears, javelins and bows, the craftsmen considering it far superior to any other wood. The wood's association with weaponry was so well known that the Greek name for it was used as a synonym for "spear" in poetry during the fourth and third centuries BC. In Italy, the mazzarella, uncino or bastone, the stick carried by the butteri or mounted herdsmen of the Maremma region, is traditionally made of cornel-wood, there called crognolo or grugnale, dialect forms of .
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Cellulose and lignin are two of the primary natural polymers used by plants to store energy as well as to give strength, as is the case in woody plant tissues. Other energy storage chemicals in plants include oils, waxes, fats, etc., and because these other plant compounds have distinct properties, they offer potential for a host of different bioproducts Bowyer, J.L., Ramaswamy, S., 2005: “Redefining undergraduate education for the 21st Century: Minnesota moves aggressively to strengthen program” Forest Products Journal, July-Aug 2005, 55 (7-8): 4-10)Ramaswamy, S., Tschirner, U., Chen, Y., 2007: “Transforming Academic Curricula: Pulp and Paper to Biobased Products - Providing Education and Research Training for the Conventional and Emerging Biobased Products Industry and the Bioeconomy” ACS Symposium Series Chapter 4, Section 1, Materials, Chemicals and Energy from Forest Biomass Ed. by Argyropoulos.
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Among his publications were notably the first classification of the island's vegetation, La végétation malgache (1921), and Biogéographie des plantes de Madagascar (1936), and he directed the publication of the Catalogue des plantes de Madagascar in 29 volumes. His contemporary and collaborator Henri Humbert, a professor in Algiers and later in Paris, made ten expeditions to Madagascar and, in 1936, initiated and edited the monograph series Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. A number of other important botanists, working in the colonial era through to Madagascar's independence, described more than 200 species each: Aimée Camus lived in France and specialised in grasses; René Capuron was a major contributor to the woody plant flora; and Jean Bosser, director of the French ORSTOM institute in Antananarivo, worked with grasses, sedges, and orchids. Roger Heim was one of the major mycologists working in Madagascar.
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The north facing slopes receive more snow often because of prevailing winds and are shaded from direct sunlight during the winter, consequently they have more water available to support trees and forests, while the south facing slopes which receive more insolation are much hotter and dryer and support only smaller more desert adapted woody plant species. North facing slopes here are dominated by a Pinus ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii forest while the south facing slopes are mainly dominated by desert shrubs Artemisia tridentata and Purshia tridentata. The aspect of a slope can make very significant influences on its local climate (microclimate). For example, because the sun's rays are in the west at the hottest time of day in the afternoon, in most cases a west-facing slope will be warmer than a sheltered east-facing slope (unless large-scale rainfall influences dictate otherwise).
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Acacia savanna, Taita Hills Wildlife Sanctuary, Kenya. A number of exotic plants species have been introduced to the savannas around the world. Amongst the woody plant species are serious environmental weeds such as Prickly Acacia (Acacia nilotica), Rubbervine (Cryptostegia grandiflora), Mesquite (Prosopis spp.), Lantana (Lantana camara and L. montevidensis) and Prickly Pear (Opuntia spp.) A range of herbaceous species have also been introduced to these woodlands, either deliberately or accidentally including Rhodes grass and other Chloris species, Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), Giant rat's tail grass (Sporobolus pyramidalis) parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and stylos (Stylosanthes spp.) and other legumes. These introductions have the potential to significantly alter the structure and composition of savannas worldwide, and have already done so in many areas through a number of processes including altering the fire regime, increasing grazing pressure, competing with native vegetation and occupying previously vacant ecological niches.
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A forest in SichuanBamboo forest in Lushan, China1000-year-old Cercidiphyllum japonicumThe Eastern Asiatic Region (also known as Oriasiaticum, Sino-Japanese Region, East Asian Region, Temperate Eastern Region) is the richest floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom and situated in temperate East Asia. It has been recognized as a natural floristic area since 1872 August Grisebach's volume Die Vegetation der Erde and later delineated by such geobotanists as Ludwig Diels, Adolf Engler (as Temperate Eastern region), Ronald Good (as Sino-Japanese Region) and Armen Takhtajan. The Eastern Asiatic Region is dominated by very old lineages of gymnosperms and woody plant families and is thought to be the cradle of the Holarctic flora. Moreover, this floristic region wasn't significantly glaciated in the Pleistocene, and many relict Tertiary genera (such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, ancestors of which were once common throughout the Northern Hemisphere up to subpolar latitudes) found refuge here.
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The Seed Herbarium Image Project (SHIP),Seed Herbarium Image Project is an initiative of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University to create a web-based repository of high-resolution digital images documenting the morphology of woody plant seeds and selected fruit structures. Headquartered at the Arboretum’s Dana Greenhouse facility and coordinated and photographed by curatorial assistant Julie McIntosh Shapiro, the Seed Herbarium Image Project supports the work of educators and professionals in horticulture and the botanical sciences, particularly in conservation research and management of rare and endangered species. The digitized images of seeds offer an important new aid for teaching seed identification—a fundamental skill in plant propagation, hybridization, and distribution—and serve as a resource for nurserymen, horticulturists, botanical curators, taxonomists, ecologists, and the general public. SHIP also provides an online resource for botanical institutions and nurseries to verify their collections and inventories.
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In 2014, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations published the first State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources. The publication addressed the conservation, management and sustainable use of forest tree and other woody plant genetic resources of actual and potential value for human well-being in the broad range of management systems. It was prepared based on information provided by 86 countries, outcomes from regional and subregional consultations, and commissioned thematic studies. Amongst the ten key findings, half of the forest species reported as regularly utilized by countries are threatened by the conversion of forests to pastures and farmland, overexploitation, and the impacts of climate change. On the basis of the information and knowledge compiled by FAO for The State of World’s Forest Genetic Resources, the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture developed the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation, Sustainable Use and Development of Forest Genetic Resources.
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Since the 1980s, Deppe played a role in developing and marketing a business model for proprietary woody plants. Before that time, few plants were developed for their hardy genetics. He prioritized the hunting of woody plants with excellent genetics. He hired a horticulturist, plant breeder and plant hunter named Tim Wood to travel around the globe to find excellent plants. Jeremy Deppe, his son (General Manager of Spring Meadow) was quoted in Green House Management magazine as saying, “Dale was instrumental in driving the push into branding as a way to differentiate from commodities,” Jeremy says. “Branding has provided a way for each part of the supply chain to add value and introducing new varieties has made gardening easier for consumers.” Green House Magazine interviewed Deppe on what he thought his contributions to the Woody Plant Industry entailed. He focused on how the new business plan for woody plants (shrubs, vines and trees) allowed for branding and marketing for better customer service.
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The Arboretum, State Botanical Garden of Kentucky (Also known as University of Kentucky Arboretum or Lexington Arboretum), 40 hectares or , is located at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It is open to the public from dawn to dusk every day of the year. It contains the Kentucky Children's Garden, a Home Demonstration Garden which includes a Vegetable Garden, Herb Garden, Home Fruit and Nuts Garden (including Black, Persian and Japanese Walnuts, Pecan, Shellbark and Shagbark Hickory, Chinese Chestnut as well as dwarf apple cultivars, an American Persimmon and native Pawpaw trees), the All America Selection Trials Garden, Perennial Collection, Ground Cover Demonstration, Woody Plant Collection, and a "Walk Across Kentucky" that simulates Kentucky's seven regional landscapes: Bluegrass, Knobs, Appalachian Plateaus, Cumberland Mountains, Mississippian Plateaus and Outer Nashville Basin (Pennyroyal), Shawnee Hills, Mississippi Embayment and Alluvial Basin (Jackson Purchase). The Arboretum was created in 1991, at which time it was overrun with non-native invasive plants such as honeysuckle and wintercreeper.
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The seedlings usually have two cotyledons, but in some species up to six. The pollen cones are more uniform in structure across the family, 1–20 mm long, with the scales again arranged spirally, decussate (opposite) or whorled, depending on the genus; they may be borne singly at the apex of a shoot (most genera), in the leaf axils (Cryptomeria), in dense clusters (Cunninghamia and Juniperus drupacea), or on discrete long pendulous panicle-like shoots (Metasequoia and Taxodium). Cupressaceae is a widely distributed conifer family, with a near-global range in all continents except for Antarctica, stretching from 71°N in arctic Norway (Juniperus communis) south to 55°S in southernmost Chile (Pilgerodendron uviferum), while Juniperus indica reaches 5200 m altitude in Tibet, the highest altitude reported for any woody plant. Most habitats on land are occupied, with the exceptions of polar tundra and tropical lowland rainforest (though several species are important components of temperate rainforests and tropical highland cloud forests); they are also rare in deserts, with only a few species able to tolerate severe drought, notably Cupressus dupreziana in the central Sahara.
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