Steven Hammond had started a "back burn" to prevent the blaze from destroying the family's winter feed for its cattle.
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So farmers are having to dip into their winter feed stocks, diminishing what they will have for their livestock later in the year.
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In 2006, Steven Hammond started another prescribed fire in response to several blazes ignited by a lightning storm near his family's field of winter feed.
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The jury also convicted Steven Hammond for a 2006 blaze that prosecutors said began when he started several back fires, violating a burn ban, to save his winter feed after lightning started numerous fires nearby.
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Then half a fluid ounce of this mixture was added to 1 Cwt (112 lbs) of sugar, which he dissolved in 7 imperial gallons (8.75 US Gal.) of water for direct use as winter feed.
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There are two hay meadows in Magor Marsh, maintained using traditional methods. The meadows are grazed during autumn and winter. The hay crop is mown in mid-summer to provide winter feed. By late spring the fields are a mass of flowers.
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Much of the Goose Lake Valley is privately owned agricultural land. As a result, agriculture is the primary source of income in the valley. Most of the agricultural land in the valley is used for cattle ranching. Crops are generally used for winter feed.
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The roots and tops of "swedes" came into use as a forage crop in the early nineteenth century, used as winter feed for livestock. They may be fed directly (chopped or from a hopper), or animals may be allowed to forage the plants directly in the field.
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Water freely from spring to autumn, sparingly in winter. Feed regularly in spring and summer. If juvenile foliage is preferred, cut off all the climbing stems that develop — the plant will remain bushy, rather than climb, and the leaves will be more arrow-shaped. Repot every second spring.
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Through regular flooding these grounds were once only suitable as a hayfield. This hay was important because it served as winter feed for livestock. Originally, this landscape was interspersed with carrs and coppice hedges. On the upper parts of the river valley, there are bolakkers (high fields) where mainly cereals were cultivated.
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Hay stacks in fields south of Adel Today, agriculture is the primary source of income in the Warner Valley. Most of the private land in the valley is used for cattle ranching. Crops are generally used for winter feed. Because of the short growing season, the valley’s principal crops are wild hay, alfalfa, clover, and timothy-grass.
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Over the next few years, Boyd expanded his ranch and built a successful cattle and meat business. Boyd eventually owned , much of it purchased under provisions of the Carey Desert Land Act of 1894. His property included pasture lands for his cattle and hay fields for winter feed. He butchered and sold meat locally, becoming the largest meat supplier in the Bend area.
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Today, there are no incorporated towns or unincorporated communities in the Catlow Valley, but only a few scattered ranches. Agriculture is the primary source of income for those living in the valley. Much of the private land in the valley is used to grow winter feed for local cattle herds. Wells provide groundwater for large irrigation circles and pipe irrigation systems in the valley.
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The plant material eaten is known as browseOxford English Dictionary: Browse. and is naturally taken straight from the plant, though owners of livestock such as goats and deer may cut twigs or branches for feeding to their stock.St. John's College, Oxford: Forest Glossary: Browse, Browsewood. In temperate regions, owners take browse before leaf fall, then dry and store it as a winter feed supplement.
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The 2006 Krumbo Butte fire started out as a wildfire, but several illegal backburns were set by the Hammonds with an intent of protecting their winter feed. The backfires were set under the cover of night, without warning the firefighters they knew were camped on the slopes above. United States' Supplemental Sentencing Memorandum (filed September 21, 2015), United States v. Hammond, Case No. 6:10-cr-60066-AA (D. Ore.).
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The nave and tower of the church date from the 11th century; the rest of the structure dates from the 18th century Évron is the home to the largest Babybel Cheese factory globally and accounts for 18% of "Group Bel" global production. The plant processes 650k litres of milk a day making the surrounding countryside heavily geared to milk production and the growing of winter feed for the dairy herds.
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Rygård Overdrev ("Rygård Meadows") takes its name after the farm Rygård which is situated in the middle of the park. The oldest of its buildings date from the 1790s. It was restored and adapted by the architect Palle Suenson who owned the estate between 1940 and 1987. The cultivated parts of Søllerød Naturpark are used for the growing of winter feed for the deer population in Jægersborg Dyrehave.
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Although the economy rested on cattle- raising, winter feed for livestock was not stored. The advantage of the horse was that it could be at grass all the year round, feeding even under a light cover of snow. Sheep and goats followed the horses, eating the grass that they themselves would have been unable to clear of snow. Bulls, yaks and camels are also frequently mentioned in Türk texts as valuable items of livestock.
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The Mill at Aberfelin Although small, Trefin is an historical village. It is linked to the Archdruid Crwys, who was born in Craig Cefn Parc, Glamorganshire, and the historic mill at Aberfelin is the subject of his poem Melin Trefin. The mill was in use for around 500 years and was used by the villagers of Trefin and surrounding areas. Wheat was milled to produce flour for bread and barley was ground into winter feed for livestock.
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This will alternate with slatted ash-wood racks until there is a pile of ten or twelve layers. The set is then subjected to increasing degrees of pressure until all the 'must' or juice is squeezed from the pomace. This juice, after being strained in a coarse hair-sieve, is then put into either open vats or closed casks. The pressed pulp is given to farm animals as winter feed, composted, discarded or used to make liqueurs.
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Burns was a major force behind the growth of ranching in Alberta. He purchased large herds of purebred Hereford stock, which he used to help fellow ranchers improve the blood lines of their own cattle. A pioneer of cold-weather ranching, Burns put up 250,000 tons of hay for winter feed and convinced other ranchers to utilize winter feeding methods themselves. He renovated the corrals and feeding pens on his ranches and introduced modern feed-lot techniques to finish cattle for market.
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Scottish Gaelic was the language of the inhabitants. The sheep farmhouse was abandoned in 1910. However the land is still used for grazing a flock of approximately 300 breeding ewes of the North Country Cheviot breed, which are hefted onto the area and run from Kilbride. Boreraig cannot be reached by any vehicular transport at all, thus making winter feed supplementation impossible, but the township has some of the most fertile grassland in Strath Swordale so the sheep remain in reasonable condition.
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In the fall, people would split up into smaller bands to facilitate hunting to procure meat for the long winter. Between the fall hunt and the onset of winter was a time when Lakota warriors could undertake raiding and warfare. With the coming of winter snows, the Lakota settled into winter camps, where activities of the season ceremonies and dances as well as trying to ensure adequate winter feed for their horses.Hyde, George E. Red Cloud's Folks: A History of the Oglala Sioux Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1937, p.
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Particularly hard hit have been the incomes of hill farms in Wales which averaged £15,000 in 2014, as against £23,000 for lowland livestock farms and £59,000 for dairy farms. The labour force has been dwindling for many years as a result of increased mechanisation and changes in farming practices. Fewer farmers are needed today because they are able to produce more food from their land. Hay is no longer the main source of winter feed for livestock and has largely been replaced by silage, particularly baled silage wrapped in film that can be handled mechanically.
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The herds are moved to summer pasture, and in June and July attention focuses on cutting and storing hay for the next winter. Feed crops are harvested in late summer or fall. The late fall roundup separates the calves which are sold to cattle buyers and shipped by truck. The herd is moved to the pasture where they will be fed for the winter, and in about the first week of December enough snow accumulates to start the process of feeding hay to carry the herd through the winter.
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Orienteering, mountain biking and hang gliding are typical activities which are likely to cause disturbance to nesting birds. ; Litter : Litter of all kinds is both unsightly and can cause pollution and damage to livestock and wild animals. Broken glass is a danger to people and, by focusing the rays of the sun, a possible cause of fire, particularly in areas of moorland such as Exmoor, parts of the Peak District and the North York Moors. ; Damage to farmland : Trampling of grass meadows reduces the amount of winter feed for farm animals.
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Between the fall hunt and the onset of winter was a time when Lakota warriors could undertake raiding and warfare. With the coming of winter snows, the Lakota settled into winter camps, where activities of the season ceremonies and dances as well as trying to ensure adequate winter feed for their horses.Hyde, George E. Red Cloud's Folks: A History of the Oglala Sioux Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1937, p. 160; Price, Catherine, The Oglala People, 1841-1879 Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, pp. 13-16 They began to dominate the prairies east of the Missouri river by the 1720s.
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Despite its rather remote upland location, Westerdale has been farmed for thousands of years. Soil types vary across the dale (and often in the same field), through strong clays to free-draining shale. Historically some of the more fertile lower fields grew a range of arable crops particularly barley, oats, turnips and potatoes, but more recently most farms concentrate on grass for grazing and the production of hay and silage as winter feed. Dividing and stock-proofing the fields, there are many miles of dry stone walls in several styles – and built over a very long timespan.
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The land used to grow winter feed that are not mowed are able to provide protection for a variety of birds including skylarks, partridge, and corncrakes who build on their nests on the ground. Agricultural use, burning, and grazing by both livestock and wild life such as deer, helps to sustain the upland grasslands, moorland and bogs. If these ecosystems were not maintained they would be colonized by trees and scrub. Sustainable careful maintenance is highly important in hill farming in order to protect the delicate relationship that farm manage has on the biodiversity of native plant and animal species.
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By June it was obvious to Parliament that the cabinet position of Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was beyond the ability of only one minister. He was divested of his colonial duties, leaving him as Secretary of State for War, but the Commissary was still not in his domain. In August, Frederick purchased the winter feed for the animals and left it on the dock at Salonica. Filder had adopted a policy of purchasing hay from London and having it pressed for land transport, even though chopped hay was readily available at a much cheaper price around the Dardanelles.
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Populations of game animals such as elk may be informally culled if they begin to excessively eat winter food set out for domestic cattle herds. In such instances the rancher will inform hunters that they may hunt on their property in order to thin the wild herd to controllable levels. These efforts are aimed to counter excessive depletion of the intended domestic winter feed supplies. Other managed culling instances involve extended issuance of extra hunting licenses, or the inclusion of additional "special hunting seasons" during harsh winters or overpopulation periods, governed by state fish and game agencies.
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Less than two hours later, a fire erupted, forcing the hunters to leave the area but also intending to conceal evidence of the deer herd slaughter. Steven's nephew Dusty Hammond testified his uncle told him to "light the whole countryside on fire," and that in doing so. he was "almost burned up in the fire," having to flee for his life. The Hammonds claimed they started the fire to stop invasive plants from growing onto their grazing fields. The 2006 Krumbo Butte fire started out as a wildfire, but several illegal backburns were set by the Hammonds with an intent of protecting their winter feed.
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Klein, pp. 190-1 There is ample evidence from this period of disputes over unauthorised tolls and encroachment on the cañadas, and ploughing of pastures which might only be used for a few months a year.Klein, pp. 12, 20-1 In theory, the Mesta had the right of pasturage and transit over all land except that in use for growing cereals, vineyards, orchards, hay meadows producing winter feed for cattle and land reserved for deer, but these mediaeval privileges had ceased to exist in reality by the end of the 15th Century, largely because the frequency of encroachments on pasturelands and the numbers of unjustified tolls swamped the courts with far more cases than they could deal with adequately.
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Before the advent of air travel, the Slave River was the primary transportation corridor through the region, and ʔejëre K’elnı Kuę́, then known as Hay Camp, served as an important stopping place between Fort Chipewyan and Fort Smith. Most notably, though, Wood Buffalo National Park was established in 1922, and Hay Camp was chosen as the residence of the Chief Park Warden. As the park's superintendent then performed most of his duties from Ottawa, Hay Camp thus served as its de facto administrative center. As early as 1923, the meadows around Hay Camp were being cut to provide winter feed for the park wardens' horses, and by the spring of 1925 a house, stable, and warehouse had been constructed on the site.
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John Reynolds of Dane Court, Adisham, Kent (1703–1779) was an early agricultural pioneer. The son of Thomas Reynolds, a Kent Yeoman, John Reynolds enlarged the family farm to and developed agricultural methods which came to the attention of the Royal Society of Arts, which presented him with a silver cup for his efforts to modernise agricultural methods. These methods included the use of kohlrabi (then known as turnip-rooted cabbage) as a winter feed- stuff for livestock, which he introduced from the Netherlands in 1767, a method of growing melons using manure hot-beds and various other innovations mentioned in Dossie's Memoires of Agriculture and Arthur Young's Agricultural Calendar. He also introduced the Swedish turnip, or swede, (Rutabaga) into England.
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New Forest pony Cow eating winter feed, Longdown Inclosure Forest laws were enacted to preserve the New Forest as a location for royal deer hunting, and interference with the king's deer and its forage was punished. But the inhabitants of the area (Commoners) had pre-existing rights of common: to turn horses and cattle (but only rarely sheep) out into the Forest to graze (common pasture), to gather fuel wood (estovers), to cut peat for fuel (turbary), to dig clay (marl), and to turn out pigs between September and November to eat fallen acorns and beechnuts (pannage or mast). There were also licences granted to gather bracken after Michaelmas Day (29 September) as litter for animals (fern). Along with grazing, pannage is still an important part of the Forest's ecology.
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The Home Park is divided from the main Windsor Great Park by the high-volume Albert Road (A308) to Old Windsor. It is the private estate of the castle and, as well as beautiful parkland, gardens and avenues of fine trees, contains much farmland (cattle grazing and winter feed), a golf course, a bowling green (for the Royal Household Bowling Club), a cricket field (for the Royal Household Cricket Club), tennis courts (Windsor Home Park Lawn Tennis Club), the playing fields of St. George's School, Adelaide Cottage (on the site of the old Keeper's Lodge) and the Frogmore Estate, including Frogmore House, and gardens with Frogmore Cottage and a large lake, the Royal Mausolea and the Royal Burial Ground. Also attached are Shaw Farm, the Prince Consort's Home Farm and the Windsor Farm Shop. The grave of Dash, the favourite spaniel of Queen Victoria, can be found on the grounds.
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After a period of growth in the 1950s the population began to decline in the 1970s, with residents moving from farming to construction and other types of work. Most farms had failed because of problems getting food produced to viable markets, compounded by high costs of feed, fertilizer and transportation. By the 1976 census, there were only 20 farms while most residents worked in neighbouring Deer Lake or Corner Brook. In 1979, the Department of Rural, Agricultural and Northern Development built and equipped a centralized vegetable processing building at Cormack in an effort to combat potato dumping by mainland producers. The current government of Newfoundland runs a 243 hectare community pasture Community pasture site at Cormack, the largest of 30 throughout Newfoundland, providing cheap grazing for the cattle and sheep of the Cormack farmers and allowing the farmers' own land to be sown for winter feed.
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On the other side were rope and household goods, wood, spices, grains and berries, fruit, bread, smoked meat, a sheep-fold and a goat-fold for feeding the carnivorous animals, butter, cheese, wheat, barley and oats, water, tree-leaves and hay for winter feed, as well as cattle, horses and asses for use after the Flood. The top deck housed the cabins for Noah and his family, and apart from this was given over to birds. One one side were river swallows, kingbirds, tits, corncrakes, creepers, shrikes, gryphon-falcons, harpies, doves, pigeons, chickens and fowl, with an aviary for small songbirds, crows, jackdaws and woodpeckers, sparrows, hoopoes, peacocks, cuckoos, robins, swallows quail and birds of paradise. On the other side were pelicans, spoonbills, pheasants, grouse, partridge, kingfishers, magpies, parrots, peacocks, turkeys, hawks, vultures, eagles, falcons, ostriches, cranes, storks, herons, geese, ducks, kites, coots, fig-peckers, oyster-catchers, starlings, wagtails, owls and bustards.
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