My colleague Chris Welch built a special shortcut macro for watermarking images.
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Watermarking, meanwhile, will only be available to subscribers on the Professional tier.
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Meet Imatag, a French startup that has been working on a watermarking product.
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But for the burgeoning world of fake news, there are some potential solutions, like watermarking algorithms.
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The researchers propose several techniques for making such a tool harder to misuse, including watermarking the video.
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Dekel and Rubinstein say the core problem with current photo watermarking processes is the high level of consistency in style.
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You can also dig around in the settings for higher or lower resolution GIFs and to also turn off watermarking.
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Imatag lets you integrate their watermarking technology in your image flow if you're dealing with a high volume of photos.
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To be honest, when it comes to art theft, watermarking doesn't always help since thieves often simply Photoshop watermarks away.
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Genius theorized that other companies were copying its lyrics, so it began watermarking them by using a special formatting sequence for apostrophes.
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It can detect otherwise invisible watermarking algorithms and metadata built into authentic video, but tell machines whether the video has been tampered with.
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In turn, Genius recently accused Google of "stealing" its lyrics, based on a watermarking pattern that spelled out "red handed" in Morse code.
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Watermarking is nothing new, but the company has found a way to mark images even if they are resized, cropped, edited or compressed.
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The site employed a watermarking trick using alternating straight and curved apostrophes to prove Google was using its lyrics instead of generating its own.
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"In this case, it seems to be running some kind of watermarking or audio recognition system on top of anything that's playing," he said.
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Genius alleged earlier this year that, in some instances, those lyrics were copied from its website, something it was able to track through a clever watermarking scheme.
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I'm going to start watermarking my Instagram photos with "Cate Martel's Copyright": Scott Baio's wife is really nervous you're going to use her grainy photo without permission. pic.twitter.
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And by 2014, all mobile phone operating systems had been updated to include the watermarking system to reject apps or media that don't carry a government signature of approval.
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According to the report, North Korean engineers created file watermarking software that essentially tags and monitors any media file that's opened on a device, whether that's a PC or mobile.
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But some of the lyrics (which are displayed in information boxes or cards called "Knowledge Panels" at the top of search results for songs) included Genius' Morse code-based watermarking system.
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Although the video of the New Zealand attack was fingerprinted immediately, countless thousands of people beat the filter over and over again by recutting, editing, watermarking and modifying the video itself.
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It's not just a technological challenge, but a cultural one: how do you design software knowing that simple interface decisions like watermarking a screenshot could result in someone being arrested or deported?
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"We show that this consistency can be used to invert the watermarking process — that is, estimate the watermark image and its opacity, and recover the original, watermark-free image underneath," the duo explain.
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Google's research division today detailed just how easy it is for computer algorithms to bypass standard photo watermarking practices, stripping those images of copyright protection and making them vulnerable to reposting across the internet without credit.
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For some time, it has also wanted to open up the services it has created for that application around storage, search, watermarking files and so forth, and let developers use those tools to build their own applications.
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The company also announced a new watermarking feature that will add your name and date to JPEG, PNG, BMP, or PDF files and a new rewind feature that will let you roll back your folders or even your entire account to a previous state.
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Hardware watermarking, also known as IP core watermarking is the process of embedding covert marks as design attributes inside a hardware or IP core design itself. Hardware Watermarking can represent watermarking of either DSP Cores (widely used in consumer electronics devices) or combinational/sequential circuits. Both forms of Hardware Watermarking are very popular. In DSP Core Watermarking a secret mark is embedded within the logic elements of the DSP Core itself.
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Activated Content is a digital watermarking company based in Seattle, Washington. The company has its own proprietary audio watermarking technology and provides solutions based around watermarking. The system was designed with help from Sony Music and Universal Music.
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P. Mohanty, A. Sengupta, P. Guturu, and E. Kougianos, "Everything You Want to Know About Watermarking: From Paper Marks to Hardware Protection", IEEE Consumer Electronics, Volume 7, Issue 3, July 2017, pp. 83--91 can be performed in two ways: (a) Single-phase watermarking, (b) Multi-phase watermarking.
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Civolution is among the 12 founding members of the Digital Watermarking Alliance, an organization that was formed to promote and educate the public about the benefits of digital watermarking technology.
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Teletrax is among the 12 founding members of the Digital Watermarking Alliance, an organization that was formed to promote and educate the public about the benefits of digital watermarking technology.
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These other schemes use tamper-resistant digital watermarking to generate different versions of the original content. Traitor tracing key assignment schemes can be translated into such digital watermarking schemes. Amos Fiat; Tamir Tassa. "Dynamic Traitor Tracing". .
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Research papers about DICOM and digital watermarking used XnView for image processing.
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ATSC 3.0 supports digital watermarking of the audio signal and video signal.
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If the signal is copied, then the information is also carried in the copy. Watermarking has become increasingly important to enable copyright protection and ownership verification. One of the most secure techniques of audio watermarking is spread spectrum audio watermarking (SSW). In SSW, a narrow-band signal is transmitted over a much larger bandwidth such that the signal energy presented in any signal frequency is undetectable.
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Instead, if integrity has to be ensured, a fragile watermark would be applied. Both steganography and digital watermarking employ steganographic techniques to embed data covertly in noisy signals. While steganography aims for imperceptibility to human senses, digital watermarking tries to control the robustness as top priority. Since a digital copy of data is the same as the original, digital watermarking is a passive protection tool.
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Hardware or IP core watermarking in the context of DSP/Multimedia Cores are significantly different from watermarking of images/digital content. IP Cores are usually complex in size and nature and thus require highly sophisticated mechanisms to implant signatures within their design without disturbing the functionality. Any small change in the functionality of the IP core renders the hardware watermarking process futile. Such is the sensitivity of this process.
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In 2014, MarkAny provided its audio watermarking solution to Seoul Broadcasting System, a South Korean television station. From 2017, MarkAny has been a member of Ultra HD Forum and enrolled as a supporter of the creation of forensic watermarking guideline with other watermarking vendor companies. In 2017 NAB Show, MarkAny have practiced real-time embedding of forensic watermark over UHD video stream. In late 2017, MarkAny announced its first cloud-based DRM solution.
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As the name suggests, in the multi-phase watermarking process the additional constraints are inserted in multiple phases of a particular design abstraction level. For example, in High-level synthesis scheduling, hardware allocation and register allocation are used to insert a watermark. The main challenge of the multi-phase watermarking process is the dependence between additional constraints of multiple phases. In an ideal scenario, the watermarking constraints of each phase should not depend on each other.
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This should not be confused with perceptual, that is, watermarking which uses the limitations of human perception to be imperceptible.
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Products provided by the company include DRM for documents and multimedia content, mobile device management, and digital watermarking for copyrighted multimedia.
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As of January 2018, MarkAny is a member company of Digital Watermarking Alliance and a contributor member of Ultra HD Forum.
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The copy attack is an attack on certain digital watermarking systems proposed by M. Kutter, S. Voloshynovskiy, and A. Herrige in a paper presented in January, 2000 at the Photonics West SPIE convention.M. Kutter, S. Voloshynovskiy, and A. Herrigel. The Watermark Copy Attack. Proceedings of the SPIE, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents II, Volume 3971, pages 371-379.
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Digital watermarking has great use in text ,image ,audio and video encryption. Following are some techniques used for hiding text, image, audio and video's content.
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For watermarking, the transform is very effective in fingerprinting. By inserting "Mojette Transform" marks in images, one can authenticate documents using the same properties as in cryptography.
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Thus the watermark is spread over many frequency bands so that the energy in one band is undetectable. An interesting feature of this watermarking technique is that destroying it requires noise of high amplitude to be added to all frequency bands. SSW is a robust watermarking technique because, to eliminate it, the attack must affect all possible frequency bands with modifications of considerable strength. This creates visible defects in the data.
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Jinwei Wang, Shiguo Lian, Zhongxuan Liu, Zhen Ren, Yuewei Dai, Haila Wang. Image Watermarking Scheme Based on 3-D DCT.Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2006 1ST IEEE Conference, pp.
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As the name suggests, in single-phase watermarking process the secret marks in the form of additional constraints are inserted in a particular phase of design abstraction level. Among the all design abstraction level of Electronic design automation process inserting watermarking constraints at High-level synthesis is always beneficial, especially where the applications have complex algorithms (such as Digital signal processor, Media processor). The register allocation phase of High-level synthesis is one of the popular locations where single-phase watermarking constraints are inserted. Mostly the secret marks are inserted in the register allocation phase using the concept of Graph coloring, where each additional constraint is added as an additional edge of the graph.
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LipSync is a tool that automatically detects audio-video synchronization errors in video. By using machine learning and deep learning technologies, errors can be detected without digital fingerprinting or watermarking.
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Weeks after Eega release, its pirated version was released; it was illegally filmed in a theatre in Varadaiahpalem, Chittoor district. A forensic watermarking investigation on the pirated copies determined that a camcorder was used in the process. The digital watermarking also helped investigators locate the source of the piracy of Naan Ee to a theatre in Coimbatore. According to Rajamouli, Eega was illegally downloaded 655,000 times within a week of the pirated version being leaked on the Internet.
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Detection (often called extraction) is an algorithm which is applied to the attacked signal to attempt to extract the watermark from it. If the signal was unmodified during transmission, then the watermark still is present and it may be extracted. In robust digital watermarking applications, the extraction algorithm should be able to produce the watermark correctly, even if the modifications were strong. In fragile digital watermarking, the extraction algorithm should fail if any change is made to the signal.
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A digital watermarking method is referred to as spread-spectrum if the marked signal is obtained by an additive modification. Spread-spectrum watermarks are known to be modestly robust, but also to have a low information capacity due to host interference. A digital watermarking method is said to be of quantization type if the marked signal is obtained by quantization. Quantization watermarks suffer from low robustness, but have a high information capacity due to rejection of host interference.
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The evaluation of digital watermarking schemes may provide detailed information for a watermark designer or for end-users, therefore, different evaluation strategies exist. Often used by a watermark designer is the evaluation of single properties to show, for example, an improvement. Mostly, end-users are not interested in detailed information. They want to know if a given digital watermarking algorithm may be used for their application scenario, and if so, which parameter sets seems to be the best.
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Guaranty Paper began to fall apart when it became clear that one of Ness's business partners had misrepresented the nature of their supposedly proprietary watermarking process, leaving Ness in serious financial jeopardy.
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In cryptography, a watermarking attack is an attack on disk encryption methods where the presence of a specially crafted piece of data can be detected by an attacker without knowing the encryption key.
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Audio based ACR is commonly used in the market. The two leading methodologies are acoustic fingerprinting and watermarking. Another common approach uses video fingerprinting. Acoustic fingerprinting generates unique fingerprints from the content itself.
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Watermarked image (Photo by ...)A digital watermark is a kind of marker covertly embedded in a noise-tolerant signal such as audio, video or image data. It is typically used to identify ownership of the copyright of such signal. "Watermarking" is the process of hiding digital information in a carrier signal; the hidden information should,Ingemar J. Cox: Digital watermarking and steganography. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington, MA, USA, 2008 but does not need to, contain a relation to the carrier signal.
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ECRYPT (European Network of Excellence in Cryptology) was a 4-year European research initiative launched on 1 February 2004 with the stated objective of promoting the collaboration of European researchers in information security, and especially in cryptology and digital watermarking. ECRYPT listed five core research areas, termed "virtual laboratories": symmetric key algorithms (STVL), public key algorithms (AZTEC), protocol (PROVILAB), secure and efficient implementations (VAMPIRE) and watermarking (WAVILA). In August 2008 the network started another 4-year phase as ECRYPT II.
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Philips content Identification assumed, in September 2008, full ownership of its joint venture Teletrax and completed a spin-off from Philips Corporate Technologies as a stand-alone company Civolution B.V. backed by venture capital firm Prime Technology Ventures.Prime technology ventures and philips arrange for successful spin-out On July 21, 2009, Civolution announced that it had acquired Thomson Software and Technology Solution (STS) watermarking business from Thomson.Civolution acquires Thomson Software and Technology Solution watermarking business As a result of the amalgamation, Thomson became a shareholder in Civolution. In December 2014, WPP's Kantar Media acquired Civolution's SyncNow audio watermarking unit supporting Audience Measurement and Second Screen synchronization applications WPP Plc's Kantar Media agrees to acquire unit of Civolution Following the Kantar Media acquisition, Civolution announced the launch of two separate business units, NexGuard and Teletrax.
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A digital watermarking method is referred to as amplitude modulation if the marked signal is embedded by additive modification which is similar to spread spectrum method, but is particularly embedded in the spatial domain.
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Digital rights management and watermarking are used in content syndication and media asset management to manage and secure intellectual property rights and copyrights. Electronic watermarks, embedded in a file, protect use rights for Internet content.
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It is however often rather complex in construction comprising fluorescent, magnetic, metallic and micro print elements. By combining it with watermarking technology the thread can be made to surface periodically on one side only. This is known as windowed thread and further increases the counterfeit resistance of the banknote paper. This process was invented by Portals, part of the De La Rue group in the UK. Other related methods include watermarking to reduce the number of corner folds by strengthening this part of the note.
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Yasin, J. Rajendran, O. Sinanoglu, and R. Karri. "On improving the security of logic locking." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 35, no. 9 (2016): 1411-1424 In essence, it is different from digital watermarking (where the ownership is concealed in the digital content itself), or from hardware intellectual property (IP) watermarking E. Castillo, U. Meyer-Baese, A. Garcia, L. Parilla, and A. Lloris: "IPP@HDL: efficient intellectual property protection scheme for IP cores", IEEE Transactions on VLSI, 16(5), 2007.
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Moreover, the actual strength of such passive obfuscation is debatable, since, in general, black-box obfuscation does not exist, at least for software programs computing certain mathematical functions.B. Barak, O. Goldreich, R. Impagliazzo, S. Rudich, A. Sahai, S.P. Vadhan and K. Yang: "On the (im)possibility of obfuscating programs", Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO), 2001. Hardware watermarking can be used in conjunction with hardware obfuscation. In an obfuscated design, watermarking can be effective in providing a second line of defense against unlicensed copying efforts.
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Civolution is a spin-off from Royal Philips Electronics of the Netherlands. The first digital watermarking activities started in the Philips Research labs in 1996, after several years of research and development on the technology. The first commercialization activities started four years later. In 2002, a dedicated business line, Philips Content Identification, was formed to further develop the technology, particularly in the domains of monitoring and forensic tracking applications using Philips audio and video digital watermarking technology, and the recently developed audio and video digital fingerprinting technology.
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Digital watermarking for relational databases has emerged as a candidate solution to provide copyright protection, tamper detection, traitor tracing, and maintaining integrity of relational data. Many watermarking techniques have been proposed in the literature to address these purposes. A survey of the current state-of-the-art and a classification of the different techniques according to their intent, the way they express the watermark, the cover type, granularity level, and verifiability was published in 2010 by Halder et al. in the Journal of Universal Computer Science.
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DSP Core Watermark usually implants this secret mark in the form of a robust signature either in the RTL design or during High Level Synthesis (HLS) design. The watermarking process of a DSP Core leverages on the High Level Synthesis framework and implants a secret mark in one (or more) of the high level synthesis phases such as scheduling, allocation and binding. DSP Core Watermarking is performed to protect a DSP core from hardware threats such as IP piracy, forgery and false claim of ownership.Anirban Sengupta, Dipanjan Roy, Saraju P Mohanty, "Triple-Phase Watermarking for Reusable IP Core Protection during Architecture Synthesis", IEEE Transactions on Computer Aided Design of Integrated Circuits & Systems (TCAD), Volume: 37, Issue: 4, April 2018, pp. 742 - 755F. Koushanfar, I. Hong, and M. Potkonjak, “Behavioral synthesis techniques for intellectual property protection”, ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst.
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A watermark stored in a data file refers to a method for ensuring data integrity which combines aspects of data hashing and digital watermarking. Both are useful for tamper detection, though each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
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A disadvantage of digital watermarking is that a subscriber cannot significantly alter some files without sacrificing the quality or utility of the data. This can be true of various files including image data, audio data, and computer code.
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This technique was used in ancient China.Fabien A. P. Petitcolas and Stefan Katzenbeisser. Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking. 2000. In 1550, Girolamo Cardano (1501–1576), known in French as , proposed a simple grid for writing hidden messages.
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Watermarking technology is utilized in media protection field to trace where illegal copies originate. It is expected by Next/Market Insights that 2.5 billion devices will be integrated with ACR technology to provide synchronized live and on-demand video watching experience.
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Smith Gallery Booklet, Soho New York 1980, p. 6 f. insofar „some kind of watermarking of his poetry flow“.Cf. Natias Neutert: Foolnotes. Smith Gallery Booklet, Soho New York 1980, p. 6 f.Also cf. Sybille Anneliese Margot Reichert: Unendliche Sehnsucht .
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Hollywood Reporter. batch watermarking, and support for formats such as Final Draft, Open Screenplay Format, Fountain, and Scrivener. Some of Fade In's advantages in terms of text rendering and platform compatibility may be due to its more modern software architecture.
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Ideal Homes He had previously been at a paper mill in Snodland.Snodland history Paper produced here bore the watermarks "Joynson Superfine" or "WJ&S;" over "St Mary Cray Kent".Rootsweb In 1839, Joynson was granted a patent for watermarking paper produced by machine.
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The second mark, known as the changeover cue, is placed about 1 second before the end. Each mark lasts for precisely 4 frames (0.17 seconds). Coded anti-piracy is a different kind of mark, used for watermarking to detect and prevent copyright infringement.
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Civolution has offices in Eindhoven (The Netherlands), London (UK), Rennes (France), New York City, Burbank (Los Angeles). In July 2016, Kudelski Group acquired Civolution's market leading NexGuard Forensic Watermarking business supporting content tracking solutions for pre-release, digital cinema, pay TV and streaming.
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Earl Levine developed streaming media and audio watermarking technologies during the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. He worked at VXtreme until its acquisition by Microsoft. Following that he worked for Liquid Audio. Liquid Audio's patent portfolio was acquired by Microsoft in 2002.
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"Amazon MP3 vs. Apple iTunes: Where Should You Shop? A 2007 study by Eliot Van Buskirk of Wired News's "Listening Post" blog investigated whether Amazon MP3 was watermarking tracks with personally identifiable information. Van Buskirk quoted an Amazon spokesperson as saying, "Amazon does not apply watermarks.
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Computer programming. Computer engineers work in coding, cryptography, and information protection to develop new methods for protecting various information, such as digital images and music, fragmentation, copyright infringement and other forms of tampering. Examples include work on wireless communications, multi-antenna systems, optical transmission, and digital watermarking.
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Cryptography and watermarking were also part of the research conducted in the IRCCyN laboratory. It provides solutions for security and authentication. In cryptography, the instability of the transformed Mojette secures data. The fact that the transform is exact encrypts information and allows no deviation even minimal.
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MarkAny Inc. () is an information security company headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. MarkAny holds technologies including DRM, anti-forgery of electronic document, digital signature, and digital watermarking. Based on the technologies, MarkAny offers information security products for data protection, document encryption, electronic certification, and copyright protection.
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Information security is one of the challenging issue for any ICT emerging technology. The NIC team is responsible for detecting the security challenges and provide suitable solutions. A number of current researches have been conducted such as image authentications through watermarking and biometrics approaches, and secure communication and cryptography.
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The V-Series are video encoding processor targeting applications such as smart DVR, IP camera and smart home applications. It is similar to the A series SoC, but adds support for functions such as digital watermarking, motion detection and video scaling, as well as a CBR/VBR bit rate control mode.
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Prof. Maître's research advanced in the fields ranging from digital camera to computational photography. He has done extensive research in remote sensing applications. His work included studies related to troposphere effects and its multi-temporal correction in differential SAR interferometry, watermarking, feature detection of SAR images and Hough Transform applications.
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2198 - 2215, May 2016 Some examples of DSP cores are FIR filter, IIR filter, FFT, DFT, JPEG, HWT etc. Few of the most important properties of a DSP core watermarking process are as follows: (a) Low embedding cost (b) Secret mark (c) Low creation time (d) Strong tamper tolerance (e) Fault tolerance.
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An audio watermark is a unique electronic identifier embedded in an audio signal, typically used to identify ownership of copyright. It is similar to a watermark on a photograph. Watermarking is the process of embedding information into a signal (e.g. audio, video or pictures) in a way that is difficult to remove.
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The Security and Trust cluster seeks to combine fundamental mathematics, computer science and engineering, with practical software engineering expertise and knowledge of human behaviour, to study problems in the areas of security and trust. Research topics include cryptography, security, privacy, trust, voting issues, information security, network coding and network information theory, watermarking, steganography, error correction, modulation, signal processing.
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The JDAP has the rights for education, research, documentary and marketing use. All donors will be noted alongside their material. The project will make use of digital watermarking on photographs so they can’t be plagiarised. A copy of the material can be put on DVD for the donor and the original material can be given back or stored.
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Terms to describe the broadcast flag, rather than watermark, might include "bit", "indicator", "flag", "descriptor", "tag", "header field", or "notice". But use of "watermark" is sure to generate confusion, especially because watermark proposals distinct from BPDG do exist. Watermarking is likely to be a big issue soon in a public forum—but not as a part of BPDG's proposal.
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Examples of such techniques are image scaling, dynamic range compression (i.e. tone mapping), color management, image completion (a.k.a. inpainting or hole filling), image compression, digital watermarking, and artistic image effects. Also omitted are techniques that produce range data, volume data, 3D models, 4D light fields, 4D, 6D, or 8D BRDFs, or other high-dimensional image-based representations.
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Jessica Fridrich works as a professor at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Binghamton University and specializes in digital watermarking and forensics.Jessica Fridrich, Talk on YoutubeBio:Jessica Fridrich , Binghamton University She received her MS degree in applied mathematics from the Czech Technical University in Prague in 1987, and her PhD in systems science from Binghamton University in 1995.
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While video fingerprinting systems must search a potentially large database of reference fingerprints, a watermark detection system only has to do the computation to detect the watermark. This computation can be significant, and when multiple watermark keys must be tested, then watermarking can fail to scale to the volumes required by commercial applications such as user generated video services.
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The original style of CAP code, developed in 1982 by Eastman Kodak along with the Motion Picture Association of America, is a series of very small dots printed in the picture area of a film print. The original instance of CAP developed by Kodak is a technology for watermarking film prints to trace copies of a print, whether legal or not.
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It just marks data, but does not degrade it or control access to the data. One application of digital watermarking is source tracking. A watermark is embedded into a digital signal at each point of distribution. If a copy of the work is found later, then the watermark may be retrieved from the copy and the source of the distribution is known.
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Coudersport was the home of "Untouchable" Eliot Ness at the time of his death. He was a principal in the Guaranty Paper Corporation, which specialized in watermarking legal & official documents to prevent counterfeiting. The company moved from Cleveland to Coudersport around 1955 because operating costs were lower. Ness, with his wife and son, were living in the Brocklebank home from 1956-57.
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In general, it is easy to create either robust watermarks—or—imperceptible watermarks, but the creation of both robust—and—imperceptible watermarks has proven to be quite challenging. Robust imperceptible watermarks have been proposed as a tool for the protection of digital content, for example as an embedded no- copy-allowed flag in professional video content. Digital watermarking techniques may be classified in several ways.
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In 2003, Caire and Shamai applied DPC to the multi-antenna multi-user downlink, which is referred to as the 'broadcast channel' by information theorists. Since then, there has been widespread use of DPC in wireless networks and into an interference aware coding technique for dynamic wireless networks. Recently, DPC has also been used for "informed digital watermarking" and is the modulation mechanism used by 10GBASE-T.
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The strategy for the SDMI group involved two stages. The first was to implement a secure digital watermarking scheme. This would allow music to be tagged with a secure watermark that was hard to remove from the source audio without damaging it. The second was to ensure that SDMI-compliant players would not play SDMI tagged music that was not authorized for that device.
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Hardware WatermarkingDipanjan Roy, Anirban Sengupta "Low Overhead Symmetrical Protection of Reusable IP Core using Robust Fingerprinting and Watermarking during High Level Synthesis", Elsevier Journal on Future Generation Computer Systems, Volume 71, June 2017, pp. 89–101Anirban Sengupta, Saumya Bhadauria, Saraju Mohanty "Embedding Low Cost Optimal Watermark During High Level Synthesis for Reusable IP Core Protection", Proc. of 48th IEEE Int'l Symposium on Circuits & Systems (ISCAS), Montreal, May 2016, pp. 974 - 977S.
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Dr. Joseph Ó Ruanaidh (né Joseph Rooney) born in London, England, in 1967, and raised in Ballyfermot, Dublin, is a frequently cited author in the field of digital watermarking. He attended O'Connell School in Dublin. In 1984, he joined the Irish Air Corps at Casement Aerodrome, Baldonnel where he was in the 48th Apprentice Class. There he was notable for having unusual technical ability for an apprentice technician.
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Applying the laid pattern as a mechanical emboss would not create the ribbed pattern seen on looking through the sheet, as this is achieved only by watermarking techniques. In machine-made paper, the chain lines run in the machine direction, along the length of the roll. The grain direction of a sheet (the orientation along which the majority of the cellulose fibers settle) is generally parallel to these chain lines.
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To carry out the attack, a specially crafted plaintext file is created for encryption in the system under attack, to "NOP-out" the IV Markus Gattol. "Redundancy, the Watermarking Attack and its Countermeasures". such that the first ciphertext block in two or more sectors is identical. This requires that the input to the cipher (plaintext, \scriptstyle P, XOR initialisation vector, \scriptstyle IV) for each block must be the same; i.e.
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From then on, the expiry month was displayed. From 2001, watermarking and embossing were added to prevent fraud. The last tax discs in the United Kingdom expired on 30 September 2015, but the requirement to display them ended on 1 October 2014. In the last month before the abolition of tax discs came into force, the DVLA issued some new tax discs on printer paper, to save costs.
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A few months later a digital watermarking solution for the PayTV environment was deployed. Designed for set-top box integration, the technology uniquely watermarks and identifies content delivered to individual PayTV subscribers and hospitality TV screens. Whenever PayTV content is accessed or distributed, a watermark is applied into the video stream in real- time. Any redistributed content can be traced back to a specific PayTV subscriber or viewer.
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The product is marketed as a fully featured 'professional version and a more basic version with reduced functionality at lower cost. A fully featured trial version which is not time limited is available which restricts usability by watermarking map display tiles by overlaying the word 'DEMO'. The software is available directly Microsoft Windows only, however TopoFusion has claimed users have reported success using VMWare Fusion and Parallels emulation on Mac OS.
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Locklizard implements a range of technologies accessible on PC or on the Cloud in order to achieve the features and functions necessary to protect a document. These technologies are DRM controls, document watermarking, US Government encryption, license control, and a proprietary secure PDF viewer. Additional DRM protection includes documents locking to specific devices or locations. Locklizard does not make use of password mechanisms, digital signatures, plug-ins, and temporary files.
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Content Control: Digital Watermarking and Fingerprinting Watermarks offer some advantages over fingerprinting. A unique watermark can be added to the content at any stage in the distribution process, and multiple independent watermarks can be inserted into the same video content. This can be particularly useful in tracing the history of a copy of a video. Detecting watermarks in a video can indicate the source of an unauthorized copy.
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In contrast to fingerprinting, digital watermarking requires inserting digital tags containing information about the content into the content itself prior to distribution. For example, a broadcast encoder might insert a watermark every few seconds that could be used to identify to broadcast channel, program id, and time stamp. The watermark is normally inaudible or invisible to the users. Terminal devices like phones or tablets read the watermarks instead of actually recognizing the played content.
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Visible World has developed technology that enables advertisers, advertising agencies and media companies to deliver programmatic, addressable, and measurable ads. The company’s addressable distribution platform enables the delivery of targeted advertising to increase consumer relevance and engagement. Visible World’s HighYield tech stack is an end-to-end programmatic solution. Its elements include sales transaction management, proposal generation, schedule optimization, household addressability, creative customization, campaign management, smart TV data analytics, watermarking, and reporting.
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The exact pattern of "same-different-same-different" on disk can then be altered to make the watermark unique to a given file. To protect against the watermarking attack, a cipher or a hash function is used to generate the IVs from the key and the current sector number, so that an adversary cannot predict the IVs. In particular, the ESSIV approach uses a block cipher in CTR mode to generate the IVs.
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Among the objects that are currently identified by handles are journal articles, technical reports, books, theses and dissertations, government documents, metadata, distributed learning content, and data sets. Handles are being used in digital watermarking applications, GRID applications, repositories, and more. Although individual users may download and use the HANDLE.NET software independently, many users have found it beneficial to collaborate in developing applications in a federation, using common policy or additional technology to provide shared services.
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In order to decrypt the audio, players must obtain a media key from the MKB, which also is encrypted. The player must use its own unique key to decrypt the MKB. If a DVD-Audio player's decryption key is compromised, that key can be rendered useless for decrypting future DVD- Audio discs. DVD-Audio discs can also utilize digital watermarking technology developed by the Verance Corporation, typically embedded into the audio once every thirty seconds.
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L. Rabiner, B-H. Juang, and B. Yegnanarayana, Fundamentals of speech recognition, Pearson Education Inc., Delhi (Indian Subcontinent Adaptation), 2009. 5\. B. Yegnanarayana, C. Chandra Sekhar, S. Palanivel, V. Suresh, Anil Kumar Sao and Dhananjaya N., Issues in the Development of an Audio-Video based Person Authentication System, in Jana Dittmann, Claus Vielhauer and Jan Hansen (Eds.), New Advances in Multimedia Security, Biometrics, Watermarking and Cultural Aspects, pp. 53–76, Logos Verlag Berlin, Berlin, 2006. 6\.
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Civolution is a provider of technology and services for identifying, managing and monetizing audio and video media content. The company offers a portfolio of proprietary and patented digital watermarking (audio and video) and digital audio and video fingerprinting technology for media protection: forensic tracking of media assets in pre-release, digital cinema, Pay Television and online; media intelligence: audience measurement, broadcast monitoring, internet and radio tracking; media interaction: automatic content recognition and triggering for second screen and connected television.
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Video fingerprinting should not be confused with digital watermarking, which relies on inserting identifying features into the content and therefore changing the content. Some watermarks can be inserted in a way that they are imperceptible by a viewer. A robust watermark can be difficult to detect and remove, but removal of invisible watermarks is a significant weakness. Since watermarks must be inserted into the video, they only identify copies of the particular video made after that point in time.
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Where acoustic fingerprint fails in its reliance on a database of reference fingerprints. Digital watermarking relies on intrusive frame by frame production stage imprinting on every piece of content. The effectiveness of these techniques have been challenged based on their presumed inability to effectively scale to the amount of video being generated. In practice for monetization and other user based ACR applications the reference database or presence of watermarks only has to cover those videos that are targets of monetization.
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Chaos theory has been used for many years in cryptography. In the past few decades, chaos and nonlinear dynamics have been used in the design of hundreds of cryptographic primitives. These algorithms include image encryption algorithms, hash functions, secure pseudo-random number generators, stream ciphers, watermarking and steganography. The majority of these algorithms are based on uni-modal chaotic maps and a big portion of these algorithms use the control parameters and the initial condition of the chaotic maps as their keys.
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Superdrug's Dare Magazine underwent a major makeover, to bring it in line with the company's "Take Another Look" campaign. The Magazine is distributed in-shop and on the streets of London for free. On 10 February 2011, Superdrug announced that the magazine would be the first customer magazine to use digital watermarking technology. Readers will be able to use their smartphone to view interactive video content, and access exclusive news and tips by scanning digital watermarks embedded in the magazine.
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ESSIV is a method for generating initialization vectors for block encryption to use in disk encryption. The usual methods for generating IVs are predictable sequences of numbers based on, for example, time stamp or sector number, and prevents certain attacks such as a watermarking attack. ESSIV prevents such attacks by generating IVs from a combination of the sector number SN with the hash of the key. It is the combination with the key in form of a hash that makes the IV unpredictable.
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Digital watermarking is distinctly different from data hashing. It is the process of altering the original data file, allowing for the subsequent recovery of embedded auxiliary data referred to as a watermark. A subscriber, with knowledge of the watermark and how it is recovered, can determine (to a certain extent) whether significant changes have occurred within the data file. Depending on the specific method used, recovery of the embedded auxiliary data can be robust to post-processing (such as lossy compression).
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A key part of the strategy included demonstrating that the watermarking could not be detected by third parties and as a result be removed from the music. As part of the process of ratifying the technology the SDMI announced a challenge with their Open Letter to the Digital Community on September 6, 2000. The letter invited hackers, cryptologists and others to detect and remove the watermark from some example pieces of music. Several groups became involved, including a group led by Ed Felten.
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CNN processors can be used on both the transmitter and receiver end to encode and decode a given message. They can also be used for data encryption and decryption, source authentication through watermarking, detecting of complex patterns in spectrogram images (sound processing), and transient spectral signals detection. CNN processors are neuromorphic processors, meaning that they emulate certain aspects of biological neural networks. The original CNN processors were based on mammalian retinas, which consist of a layer of photodetectors connected to several layers of locally coupled neurons.
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His doctoral dissertation was published in book form by Springer Verlag. His postdoctoral work at Trinity College Dublin and at the University of Geneva concentrated on the then-emerging field of digital watermarking. He published seminal papers on image transform domain watermarks and, in particular, rotation and translation invariant watermarks based on the Fourier transform. He moved to the United States in 1998, where he worked at Siemens Corporate Research in Princeton, New Jersey and where he played a key role in the development of the patented Siemens directional hearing aid.
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AudioLock is a music-specific anti-piracy service founded in 2010 by former DJ and electronic music producer Ben Rush. AudioLock specialises in the automated removal of infringing music content, using DMCA notices, across search engines Google, Yahoo, Bing and Yandex as well as cyberlockers, torrent sites, Usenet, SoundCloud, YouTube, Dailymotion, file search engines, VK, Facebook, Twitter and other social media sites. Digital watermarking is also used for the sending of promotional copies of the music in digital form to prevent pre- release leaks and detect their origin if distributed.
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General digital watermark life-cycle phases with embedding-, attacking-, and detection and retrieval functions The information to be embedded in a signal is called a digital watermark, although in some contexts the phrase digital watermark means the difference between the watermarked signal and the cover signal. The signal where the watermark is to be embedded is called the host signal. A watermarking system is usually divided into three distinct steps, embedding, attack, and detection. In embedding, an algorithm accepts the host and the data to be embedded, and produces a watermarked signal.
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Digimarc Corporation, a publicly traded technology company and inventor of several patented innovations, provides enterprise software and services for banking, retail, media, entertainment, publishing and several other industries. Digimarc is perhaps best-known for its digital watermarking technologies, part of a global series of more than 1,100 issued and pending patents. Digimarc’s tools enable the reliable, efficient and automatic recognition of objects and many media formats, a technology category known as automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) or "discovery." Many of Digimarc's algorithms are modeled on aspects of human cognition and sensory perception.
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In 1895, Boult and Wade researched and cased a watermarking improvement as a novel invention by inventor W. K. Trotman. The patent was worth £20,000 in cash and £30,000 in fully paid up ordinary shares of £1.00 each an extraordinary sum for the time. In 1896 Boult and Wade aided in the patency of tyres for the automobile industry by the Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Company. John Boyd Dunlop, being the inventor of the first pneumatic tyre In 1888, discovering the pneumatic tyre principle and revolutionising the automotive industry.
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Kuhn's main research interests include computer security, in particular the hardware and signal-processing aspects of it, and distributed systems. He is known, among other things, for his work on security microcontrollers, compromising emanations, and distance-bounding protocols. He developed the Stirmark test for digital watermarking schemes, the OTPW one-time password system, and headed the project that extended the X11 misc-fixed fonts to Unicode. In 1994, as an undergraduate student, he became known for developing several ways to circumvent the VideoCrypt encryption system, most notably the Season7 smartcard emulator.
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He moved to the University of Surrey in 2006 as Professor of Multimedia Security, and was Head of the Department of Computer Science from 2010 until 2015. He was awarded the Tianjin Distinguished Visiting Professorship by the Tianjin Municipal Commission of Education, Tianjin, China in 2016, hosted by the Tianjin University of Science and Technology. He is also a Visiting Professor at Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China and the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Ho is internationally known for his research in digital watermarking, digital forensics, steganography and steganalysis.
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Even using the simple watermarking method described, it can be difficult to distinguish some watermarks. Watermarks on stamps printed in yellow and orange can be particularly difficult to see. A few mechanical devices are also used by collectors to detect watermarks on stamps such as the Morley-Bright watermark detector and the more expensive Safe Signoscope. Such devices can be very useful for they can be used without the application of watermark fluid and also allow the collector to look at the watermark for a longer period of time to more easily detect the watermark.
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Many people have expressed some concern however on the information that these smart TVs are sending out to the companies collecting this data. However there is an option in almost every set to disable this feature. The alternative approaches are video based automated content recognition technologies. These are a suite of technologies that revolve around the convergence of video and TV Everywhere which will render the audio and digital watermarking methods incapable of handling the millions of unique streams going out and billions of hours of footage to be reviewed with metadata extracted or enriched in relation to the content in real-time.
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Source tracking pertains to the ability of some hypertext systems to rigorously track the exact source of every document or partial document included in the system; that is, they remember who entered the information, when it was entered, when it was updated and by whom, and so on. This allows determining the exact history of every document (and even small parts of documents). Present HTML and HTTP do not have this feature, but certain systems on the World Wide Web (such as WikiWiki and Everything Engine) may have limited versions of the capability. One application of digital watermarking is source tracking.
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Utility to obtain root privileges in Red Star OS 3 Sogwang office (customized OpenOffice) in Red Star OS 3 Version 3.0 was introduced on 15 April 2012, and looks reminiscent of macOS operating systems. The new version supports both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. The operating system comes pre- installed with a number of applications that monitor its users--if a user tries to disable security functions, the operating system often restarts in continuous loops or destroys itself. In addition, a watermarking tool integrated into the system marks all media content with the hard drive's serial number.
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In 2016, Liao was named an honorary chair professor of National Chiao Tung University. He previously held the same role at National Sun Yat-sen University from 2014 to 2016, and led multimedia information studies as chair professor at National Chung Hsing University between 2009 and 2012. His most famous work are Cocktail Watermarking, Null-space LDA for small sample size face recognition, and Video Inpainting techniques for digitized vintage film repair. He received the TECO award from TECO foundation in 2016, the distinguished research award from the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2003, 2010, and 2013.
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The technology uses a box (the audience meter) fitted to the televisions in sample households and also relies on a special remote control which enables each household member and their guests to be identified individually when they are watching a programme. Each individual on the panel must activate their button whilst watching television, and deactivate it when they stop watching. This system makes it possible to measure the audience on a second-by-second basis. The audience meter uses watermarking technology to identify the channel being watched, as well as the date and time of broadcast.
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At Liquid Audio he also drove development of digital audio watermarking technology since acquired and used by Microsoft.eweek's article on Microsoft acquisition of Liquid Audio At its peak, Liquid Audio had a market capitalization close to $1 billion. Prior to Liquid Audio, Kearby was co- founder and Chief Executive Officer of Integrated Media Systems, a manufacturer of computer-based professional audio equipment from June 1995 to December 1995. From January 1989 until June 1995, Mr. Kearby served as Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Studer Editech Corporation, a professional audio recording division of the Studer company.
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He founded Quote-Unquote Apps in 2010, which develops software related to film and the film industry. Their releases include FDX Reader, an iOS application that displays Final Draft files; Less IMDb, a browser extension for Safari, Chrome, and Firefox that reorganizes the layout of IMDb pages; and Bronson Watermarker, an OS X watermarking application that supports multiple outputs. He also commissioned the typeface Courier Prime from Alan Dague-Greene, intended to be a more readable alternative to Courier New. In 2012, the Quote- Unquote team, along with Stu Maschwitz, developed Fountain, a simple markup syntax for screenplays.
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Avid Free DV is a non-linear editing video editing software application which was made by Avid Technology. Avid discontinued this product, stating: "Effective September 1, 2007, Avid is discontinuing the Avid Free DV application offer, and has no immediate plans to make an updated version available." It was intended to give editors a sample of the Avid interface to use in deciding whether or not to purchase Avid software, so when compared with other Avid products its features were relatively minimal. When it was available it was not limited by time or watermarking, so it could be used as a non-linear editor for as long as desired.
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The same year, Philips Content Identification signed a joint venture agreement with corporate news and multimedia services provider Medialink, to launch Teletrax, the world's first global broadcast intelligence service. Philips Content Identification digital watermarking technology was used for identifying the source of illegal copies of the 2003 Academy Award Screeners and by the major Hollywood Studio's for protecting pre-release material and theatrical releases content. In 2006, the Philips Content Identification business unit, introduced a forensic marking solution for digital cinemas. The technology allows unlicensed copies of content from digital theatre to be traced back to the time, date and location where the illegal copy occurred.
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At the Irish exhibition of 1853 there was special mention for his "specimens of paper ornamented with a water mark, showing gradations of light and shade". The description continued, "This kind of paper is intended to prevent frauds in bills of exchange . . ." and the watermarks attracted many banks as customers, and made T. H. Saunders & Co important suppliers of postage stamps and banknotes to many countries in Europe, the British Empire and South America. The technology for this had been invented by William Henry Smith,Ingemar Cox, Digital Watermarking and the design was created by "thin brass plates upon the bottom of the mould".
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In India, the BARC (Broadcast Audience Research Council) chose the audience meters developed by Médiamétrie as well as watermarking technology to use with its television audience measurement panel. With 33,000 Indian households now equipped, this also represents the largest TV panel in the world. In Norway, TNS Gallup Norway (Kantar Media Group) decided to equip 1,500 of its TV panellists with the RateOnAir mini-audience meter to include measurement of television programme viewing outside the home. In May 2019, Médiamétrie and three foreign research institutes – BARC (India), Numeris (Canada) and Video Research (Japan) – formed an international alliance in order to collaborate on the future of video audience measurement.
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In the aftermath, Ness was forced into taking various odd jobs to earn a living, including bookstore clerk and wholesaler of electronics parts and frozen hamburger patties. By 1956, he came to work for a startup company called Guaranty Paper Corporation, which claimed to have a new method of watermarking legal and official documents to prevent counterfeiting. Ness was offered the job because of his expertise in law enforcement and moved from Cleveland to Coudersport, Pennsylvania, where much of the investment capital for the company was located. Now drinking more heavily, Ness spent some free time in a local bar, telling stories of his law enforcement career.
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It contains a set of filters which are print processing modules and an XML-based configuration file to describe how the filters are loaded. Filters receive the spool file data as input, perform document processing, rendering and PDL post-processing, and then output PDL data for the printer to consume. Filters can perform a single function such as watermarking a page or doing color transformations or they can perform several print processing functions on specific document parts individually or collectively and then convert the spool file to the page description language supported by the printer. Windows Vista also provides improved color support through the Windows Color System for higher color precision and dynamic range.
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In 1994 the firm began numerous initiatives for collaboration in technological and cultural projects in Europe. Among the most important are Aquarelle, Artline, Victor, Imprimatur, aceMedia, Euridice, 2Kan, Orpheus, Ermione, RegNet, TNT, Migrator 2000, eCHASE, aceMedia, Multimatch and today: MILE, Tripod, Eurogene, Fotomemoria, CITER and today GLOCAL, VisitoTuscany, CONVERGENCE, Paths, Decipher, Glocal and today BBinding, EuropeanaPhotography and Ambrosia. The Archive is active in Italy and Europe in several research and education research and marketing validation project, providing contribution mainly in the following domains: watermarking, digital rights management, content provider, 2D-3D applications, image enhancement, intelligent content retrieval, web semantic and ontologies, distance learning, preservation and image restoration, validation, testing, mobile .app, exploitation, multimedia content supply.
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In computer networking, a print server, or printer server, is a type of server that connects printers to client computers over a network. It accepts print jobs from the computers and sends the jobs to the appropriate printers, queuing the jobs locally to accommodate the fact that work may arrive more quickly than the printer can actually handle. Ancillary functions include the ability to inspect the queue of jobs to be processed, the ability to reorder or delete waiting print jobs, or the ability to do various kinds of accounting (such as counting pages, which may involve reading data generated by the printer(s)). Print servers may be used to enforce administration policies, such as color printing quotas, user/department authentication, or watermarking printed documents.
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Watermarking can be used to distinguish live viewing from time-shifted viewing of programmes: it detects the difference between the broadcast date and time information for the live programme and the time logged by the audience meter as the programme was actually being watched. In 2011, Médiamétrie incorporated time-shifted audiences watching programmes in pre-recorded and live pause modes into Médiamat, and in 2014, it added catch up audiences for programmes on TV. Each day, 4.4 million French people watch television on internet screens, i.e. computer, smartphone and tablet (Source: Global TV – Oct.-Dec. 2017). In order to take these new practices into account, today, Médiamétrie measures TV audiences on the television set but also on smartphones, tablets, and computers.
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He chose to opt out of confidentiality agreements that would have made his team eligible for the cash prize. Despite being given very little or no information about the watermarking technologies other than the audio samples and having only three weeks to work with them, Felten and his team managed to modify the files sufficiently that SDMI's automated judging system declared the watermark removed. SDMI did not accept that Felten had successfully broken the watermark according to the rules of the contest, noting that there was a requirement for files to lose no sound quality. SDMI claimed that the automated judging result was inconclusive, as a submission which simply wiped all the sounds off the file would have successfully removed the watermark but would not meet the quality requirement.
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Pragyan 2007 was held from 1 to 4 February 2007, and included a large number of events encompassing both engineering and managerial disciplines. The guest lecture series, meant to give students an opportunity to listen to, interact with and be inspired by top practitioners from various disciplines included lectures by Douglas Osheroff, Rudolph Marcus, the aeronautical and mechanical engineer Guruswami Ravichandran, the author Gurcharan Das and a video- conference with Jimmy Wales, the co-founder of Wikipedia. Pragyan 2007 featured an exhibition of re-modeled cars including a behind-the-scenes look organized by Dilip Chhabria of Dilip Chhabria Design Private Limited. In addition, there were a number of workshops including one on automobile design by Amarendra Kr. Das and another on digital signal processing - Pattern Recognition and Digital Watermarking.
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The company partnered with The Nielsen Company in 2007 to modify audio with Digimarc Barcode for copyright security compliance. Two years later, Digimarc and Nielsen created two new companies utilizing the consumer and business data amassed by Nielsen to enhance television viewing, facilitate mobile commerce, and help television networks and consumer brands more deeply engage with audiences; commentators have noted "Most watermarking is preferable from a consumer perspective to DRM controls, but dressing it up as a consumer benefit is a bit much". The online music recognition app, Shazam, partnered with Digimarc in 2014 to recognize Digimarc codes in printed materials. The deal sought to optimize identification, engagement, and monetization of the marketing mix of consumer brands and broadening the portfolio of engagement opportunities. Digimarc Discover Mobile SDK was integrated into Rovio’s "Angry Birds Action!" game in 2016.
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After graduating, Witkam started working mainly on feature films and television drama, but also documentaries, such as Eric Walter's My Amityville Horror, which screened at the BFI London Film Festival and Fantastic Fest, and was named one of the top 15 festival horror films of 2012 by Bloody Disgusting. The Dutch mobile phone thriller APP, for which Witkam composed a hybrid score of orchestra and electronics was released in a limited theatrical run in the US on May 9, 2014, and uses audio digital watermarking technology to give viewers a fully integrated second screen that complements the film. Witkam also scored the youth drama Spijt (Regret), which received grand prizes at the Giffoni Film Festival, the Toronto International Film Festival's TIFF Kids and the European Film Award in the youth category, amongst a total of around 30 festival awards worldwide.
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The importance of hardware watermarking has increased in the recent years due to widespread adoption of hardware IP based design practices for modern integrated circuits (ICs) such as system on chips (SoCs). Major security issues associated with hardware IPs include: (a) hardware intellectual property infringement during SoC design; (b) reverse engineering the manufactured ICs or the IC design database (in fabrication facilities) to produce counterfeit or clone ICs; and (c) malicious modifications of an IP through the insertion of hardware Trojan to cause in-field functional failure. Hardware obfuscation aims at minimizing these threats at IP or chip level by making it difficult for an adversary to comprehend the actual functionality of a design. Hardware obfuscation techniques can be classified into two main categories: (a) the "passive" techniques, which do not directly affect the functionality of the electronic system, and (b) the "active" techniques, which directly alter the functionality of the system.
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Javelin PDF Reader is a full functionality PDF reader for Windows, OSX, iOS (iPAD and iPhone) and Android OS, with support for Digital Rights Management (DRM) using encoded and encrypted PDF files in Drumlin's DRMX and DRMZ formats. PDF files that have been converted to the DRMX and DRMZ formats (using the free DrumlinPublisher software) can be protected against printing, or printing can be permitted with limits to the number times printed/pages printed, copying is disabled, date expiry of PDF files is provided (in two ways), limits on the number of times a file can be viewed is available, optional intelligent (dynamic) watermarking is provided, and usage of the files is tracked centrally. The mobile platform versions of Javelin support downloadable catalogs - a form of folder structure allowing metadata, covers and other data to be downloaded and stored locally within the apps for fast access to large number of PDF or secured PDF documents.
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The entire BARC India process can be broadly bucketed as follows: · Establishment Survey - A research study used to gather specific details of households and individuals to be used together with Census data in the preparation of universe estimates for TV audience characteristics – geographic, demographic, socio-economic status, etc. The Establishment Survey also serves as a randomly selected pool of TV owning households for use in the ongoing selection and recruitment of panel households · Panel Locations & Identification - Identification of a specific sample locations · Panel Selection and Training- Selection, recruitment, meter installation & training of household members · Panel Management- Supervision of panel operations with strict adherence to established standards · Measurement and Viewing Data Capture- Watermarking and BAR-O-Meter Technology used to identify & capture TV viewing events · Processing, Audience Estimation and Reporting- Process of error checking, editing, validating, weighting, projecting to universe and delivering audience estimates to BARC India clients in a form suitable for reporting, analysis and commercial use · BARC India Media Workstation (BMW)- BARC's desktop software application used to report and analyse audience data in the format required by individual customer segments.
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Amazon Music (previously Amazon MP3) is a music streaming platform and online music store operated by Amazon. Launched in public beta on September 25, 2007, in January 2008 it became the first music store to sell music without digital rights management (DRM) from the four major music labels (EMI, Universal, Warner, and Sony BMG), as well as many independents.Amazon.com Launches Public Beta of Amazon MP3 All tracks were originally sold in 256 kilobits-per-second variable bitrate MP3 format without per-customer watermarking or DRM; however, some tracks are now watermarked. Licensing agreements with recording companies restrict the countries in which the music can be sold.Amazon.com: Help > Digital Products Help > Amazon MP3 Music Downloads > Amazon MP3 Music Terms of Use After the United States, Amazon MP3 was launched in the United Kingdom on December 3, 2008, in Germany on April 1, 2009, and in France on June 10, 2009. The German edition has been available in Austria and Switzerland since December 3, 2009. The Amazon MP3 store was launched in Japan on November 10, 2010. The Spanish and Italian editions were launched on October 4, 2012.
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