"There are around 25 locations where there's intense waterlogging and they've had to divert traffic," Devendra Fadnavis, chief minister of Maharashtra state told reporters.
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4 . By 1929, over 70,000 acres had been allotted to sufferers from the districts of Sialkot, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura and Gujrat."Canal administration, Waterlogging. Damage to land by waterlogging in Village Thatta Asalatke, District Gujranwala", File 251/39/00/78 (BOR), p.21.
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In autumn 1960, Lympne was closed for a few days due to waterlogging of the runway.
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A crop's demand for freedom from waterlogging may vary between seasons of the year, as with the growing of rice (Oryza sativa). In irrigated agricultural land, waterlogging is often accompanied by soil salinity as waterlogged soils prevent leaching of the salts imported by the irrigation water. From a gardening point of view, waterlogging is the process whereby the soil blocks off all water and is so hard it stops air getting in and it stops oxygen from getting in.
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Despite this work, the tracks near this station still experienced waterlogging and flooding during the 2019 floods in Mumbai.
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Waterlogging was reported in Kalba and Fujairah, in the United Arab Emirates, due to disturbed weather attributed to Ashobaa.
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Wuyishan City had serious waterlogging, and the local government issued a rainstorm red warning signal, and Wuyishan Scenic Spot had been closed.
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Waterlogging is the result of too much water in a plant's root system and the surrounding soil, and usually occurs in the inland areas of the marsh. With the increase of surface water, waterlogged soils contain many reduced molecules, which can induce the accumulation of sulfide and other toxic compounds.Mendelssohn I.A., McKee K.L. (1988) "Spartina alterniflora die-back in Louisiana: Time-course investigation of soil waterlogging effects". Journal of Ecology 76: 509–521 Current studies suggest that increased waterlogging is caused by sea level rise, a possible effect of global warming, which has many natural and anthropologic causes of its own.
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Kari kosi splitting its banks during monsoon. Along with Mahananda, Kari Kosi usually split Its banks causing deluge and waterlogging in Katihar district of Bihar.
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It is a low-lying area and used to get waterlogged frequently till the late 1990s, after which improvements in the storm water drainage system, has considerably reduced waterlogging.
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In archaeology, waterlogging refers to the long-term exclusion of air by groundwater, which creates an anaerobic environment that can preserve artifacts perfectly. Such waterlogging preserves perishable artifacts. Thus, in a site which has been waterlogged since the archaeological horizon was deposited, exceptional insight may be obtained by study of artifacts made of leather, wood, textile or similar materials. 75-90% of the archaeological remains at wetland sites are found to be organic material.
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On line: Ajay Singh (2012). Validation of SaltMod for a semi-arid part of northwest India and some options for control of waterlogging. In : Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 115, 194-202.
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The AAIB team in Kozhikode is probing the incident with the assistance of Airports Authority of India officials, air traffic control, ground staff, CISF, the fire team and the rescue team. It has found evidence of waterlogging of the runway at the time of landing. It is also checking whether ATC was aware of waterlogging and whether the pilots adhered to rules. The preliminary investigation report was expected to be ready in a week after the accident.
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Oxygen: Fungi do not require much oxygen, but conditions such as waterlogging will inhibit growth.Fogarty, W.M., & Ward, O.P. (1973). Growth and enzyme production by Bacillus subtilius and Flavobacterium pectinovorum in Picea sitchensis.
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However, it has been shown that waterlogging is a limiting factor on the growth rate of E. coccifera and can, as a consequence, affect the success of the species in susceptible areas.
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Little information is available on drainage, salinity, and waterlogging in Brazil. The natural saline areas in Brazil are quantified on average at 86 million ha, located especially in the driest areas with average precipitation below 1,000 mm/y. The area affected by salinity as a result of improper irrigation is estimated at 15,000 ha and is located mostly in the Northeast, affecting 40% of the irrigated land. The extension of the areas with natural waterlogging, called "varzeas", is 13.35 million ha.
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In extreme cases of prolonged waterlogging, anaerobiosis occurs, the roots of mesophytes suffer, and the subsurface reducing atmosphere leads to such processes as denitrification, methanogenesis, and the reduction of iron and manganese oxides. In agriculture, various crops need air (specifically, oxygen) to a greater or lesser depth in the soil. Waterlogging of the soil stops air getting in. How near the water table must be to the surface for the ground to be classed as waterlogged, varies with the purpose in view.
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It tolerates light night frosts to -2 °C. A. reticulata grows on many soil types with pH ranging from 5 to 8. It does not tolerate waterlogging or when the water table is too high.
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Pels, S. 1978. Waterlogging and Salinization in Irrigated Semi-arid Regions of NSW. Search Volume 9, pp 273-276. Secondly, irrigation water itself can contain salts, which are deposited into the soil with its use.
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Bangladesh is prone to flooding and waterlogging because of its location as a river delta.Kartiki, Katha. "Climate change and migration: a case study from rural Bangladesh." Gender & Development. 19. no. 1 (2011): 23 - 38.WEDO.
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Quinoa plants do best in sandy, well-drained soils with a low nutrient content, moderate salinity, and a soil pH of 6 to 8.5. The seedbed must be well prepared and drained to avoid waterlogging.
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As well as closing their stomata, most plants can also respond to drought by altering their water potential (osmotic adjustment) and increasing root growth. Plants that are adapted to dry environments (Xerophytes) have a range of more specialized mechanisms to maintain water and/or protect tissues when desiccation occurs. Waterlogging reduces the supply of oxygen to the roots and can kill a plant within days. Plants cannot avoid waterlogging, but many species overcome the lack of oxygen in the soil by transporting oxygen to the root from tissues that are not submerged.
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Species that are tolerant of waterlogging develop specialised roots near the soil surface and aerenchyma to allow the diffusion of oxygen from the shoot to the root. Roots that are not killed outright may also switch to less oxygen-hungry forms of cellular respiration.The Impact of Flooding Stress on Plants and Crops Species that are frequently submerged have evolved more elaborate mechanisms that maintain root oxygen levels, such as the aerial roots seen in mangrove forests. However, for many terminally overwatered houseplants, the initial symptoms of waterlogging can resemble those due to drought.
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It is adaptable to the home garden and grows in a variety of soils, although does not tolerate waterlogging. It is a good rockery plant. Early settlers mixed the plant in lard and used as a wound salve.
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The BCB looked at two alternative venues to play the fixture, in case the ground was not ready in time. However, one day before the scheduled start of the match, it was called off, because of the waterlogging.
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Journal of Hebei University of Engineering (Natural Science Edition), 2009-03. University of Hebei, China. In England the species has survived temperatures as low as , but has succumbed to prolonged waterlogging on clay soils overwinter.Brookes, A. H. (2013).
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They include Tawatui, Argazi, Uvildy and Turgoyak. The deepest lake (136 m) is Bolshoe Schuchye. Rivers and lakes are used as a water supply, transport routes and for waterlogging. Some rivers have dams forming the Kama and Votkinsk Reservoirs.
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Melaleuca interioris and related species of melaleucas such as M. uncinata and M. atroviridis can be used to protect property from wind and water erosion, reduce salinity and waterlogging, provide wildlife habitat and provide income by harvesting for brushwood fencing.
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It prefers acidic soil with extra water, though it does not tolerate waterlogging. A part-shaded position is the preferred location, though I. anethifolius grows readily in full sun. Plants can withstand frosts to . Fertiliser applied in spring assists growth.
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In the temperate zones of Asia: the Caucasus, China, East Asia and also in the tropics of the continent: India, Indochina and Malaysia. It can withstand both drought and waterlogging. It can be cultivated up to 2000 m above sea level.
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The Royal Horticultural Society has given Lilium regale its Award of Garden Merit. It is among the easiest lilies to grow in most temperate climate gardens. It tolerates most soils, except ones prone to waterlogging. It may naturalise in suitable conditions.
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This type of soil, the topsoil of which becomes bleached as a result of continual waterlogging, is often formed on sand-rich material over dense, sandy-loamy to silty-clayey subsoil - also called Sandkerf in German - in cool, moist climatic zones. As a result of frequent waterlogging throughout the seasons at low temperatures, minerals like iron and magnesium are released and deposited in sandy topsoils to the sides. Where the soil is saturated all-year round it turns into bog stagnogley and, eventually, into bog. Examples, known as missen occur in the Black Forest in Germany.
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Rothrock sagebrush It has been recorded from the Kern Plateau, Mount Dana, Angora Peak, and the vicinity of Fallen Leaf Lake. It grows in the dry transition between mountain meadows and forests. It can also tolerate wet conditions, surviving waterlogging during snowmelt.Artemisia rothrockii.
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The tree requires mean annual rainfall between and maximum of . S. robusta flourishes best in deep, well-drained, moist, slightly acid, sandy to clayey soils. It does not tolerate waterlogging. The most favourable soil is a moist sandy loam with good subsoil drainage.
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In cultivation, M. gibbosa is a very hardy plant, suited to most soils and aspects. It is drought hardy, frost tolerant and tolerates waterlogging. It can be propagated easily from seed collected from capsules one or two years old, or from semi-hard wood cuttings.
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Nicklas Stromberg, November 2008 . Owing to the short growing season, generally infertile soils, generally shallow soils, and frequent waterlogging, most of these forest types are slow-growing species, which generally tend to predominate in stressed habitats.Keddy, P.A. 2007. Plants and Vegetation: Origins, Processes, Consequences.
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The largest changes occur within from the dam. Some shallow areas between Saint Petersburg and the dam are turning into swamps. Waterlogging and the associated rotting of plants may eventually lead to eutrophication of the area.Databases of the gulf ecology and their structure . None.
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In June 1962, he was appointed Communist Party Secretary of Weishi County. In December, he became the Second Communist Party Secretary of Lankao County. This region had declined into poverty and ignorance. The county had long been plagued by dust storms, waterlogging, and alkaline lands.
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Flood in Yangshuo County on 7 June. On 7 June, the daily rainfall in Yangshuo County of Guilin was , breaking the local record of daily precipitation. Waterlogging occurred in several towns and townships, including Putao, Baisha and . The county seat was underwater when the torrential rainfall hit.
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The flow is aided by manmade embankments. As a result, the river flows on a raised ridge fifty meters above the plain. Waterlogging, floods, and course changes have recurred over the centuries. Traditionally, rulers were judged by their concern for or indifference to preservation of the embankments.
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It is poorly drained on clay, causing seasonal waterlogging, with some areas which are drier. Loughton Brook runs along the boundary. There is a wide variety of trees and shrubs, and almost three hundred species of moths have been recorded. Butterflies include the nationally rare black hairstreak.
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In general, it requires tropical climates, and it does not tolerate frost. It is able to grow in many types of soils. It withstands drought and disturbance, and it can sprout up in dry, degraded habitat, such as roadsides. It survives short-term waterlogging and fire.
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All horse races scheduled for Naas racecourse on 25 November were cancelled because of waterlogging. A horse race scheduled for 28 November at Wexford was cancelled four days earlier as the course was waterlogged. The Naas and Wexford events were rescheduled for 3 and 7 December respectively.
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The four published times recorded in this test were , , and . However, these tests did not constitute the record attempt itself and waterlogging of the salt flats resulted in the attempt being postponed. The chassis was used by BAR's successor, Honda, to set a new record the following year.
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Surface drainage systems are usually applied in relatively flat lands that have soils with a low or medium infiltration capacity, or in lands with high-intensity rainfalls that exceed the normal infiltration capacity, so that frequent waterlogging occurs on the soil surface. Subsurface drainage systems are used when the drainage problem is mainly that of shallow water tables. When both surface and subsurface waterlogging occur, a combined surface/subsurface drainage system is required. Sometimes, a subsurface drainage system is installed in soils with a low infiltration capacity, where a surface drainage problem may improve the soil structure and the infiltration capacity so greatly that a surface drainage system is no longer required.
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After the collapse of the Roman Empire (5th century AD), lack of maintenance of the irrigation systems associated with a cooling climate phase (i.e. the so-called Migration Period or The Dark Age Cold Period) led to the progressive waterlogging of the Po Valley and the natural depressions on the right side of the Po River turned in vast swamp basins. The waterlogging process of the area continued until the 10th century influencing the human sustenance and settling practices. According to historical-archaeological data, indeed, the wetlands were exploited for fishing as well as for transport by boat while the early medieval sites settled on the fluvial ridges, in topographically higher and strategic position in the surrounding swampy meadows.
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The groundcover cultivars spread widely, with a dense and durable texture. Rosemary grows on loam soil with good drainage in an open, sunny position. It will not withstand waterlogging and some varieties are susceptible to frost. It grows best in neutral to alkaline conditions (pH 7–7.8) with average fertility.
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It is chiefly alluvial plain. The lands are greatly suffered after construction of barrage at Sukkur and being rapidly converted into salt lands (Kalar). Waterlogging and salinity is a major problem of Garhi Yasin. The climate is very hot as it reached 49°C last year 2016, dry and enervating.
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Optimal soils for Bambara groundnut production are sandy soils to prevent waterlogging. Optimal soil depth is between 50 and 100 cm, with a light soil texture. soil fertility should be low and soil pH is best suited between 5 and 6.5 and should not be lower than 4.3 or higher than 7.
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They grow wild in well-drained bottom lands that are not subject to extended drought or waterlogging. They are also resistant to pests and diseases, including Pierce's disease, which can destroy other grape species. Muscadine is one of the grape species most resistant to Phylloxera, an insect that can kill roots of grapevines.
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In late 1962, Jiao Yulu was appointed the second party boss of Lankao County in Henan province. This region had declined into poverty and ignorance. The local residents had to contend with wind and sand storms, waterlogging, and alkaline lands. He was soon promoted to party boss because of his excellent work.
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They suffer from waterlogging and large-scale user tracts. The Gangetic plain is watered by the Yamuna, the Ganges and its major tributaries, the Ramganga, the Gomati, the Ghaghra and Gandak. The whole plain is alluvial and very fertile. The chief crops cultivated here are rice, wheat, pearl millet, gram, and barley.
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Wooden posts were first recognised there in 1999, leading to preliminary excavations in 2004 and 2006. Early finds at the site include a rapier and a sword in 1969. Between 2011 and 2012, eight Bronze Age log boats were discovered. The boats were found in a small freshwater palaeochannel and were preserved due to waterlogging.
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The Salem Municipal Corporation had decided to Lay concrete flooring on the entire new bus stand premises at an outlay of Rs. 5 crores. This would enable in keeping the bus stand neat and tidy and also prevent waterlogging during the monsoon period. The project has been undertaken under the Infrastructure Gap Filling Fund.
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Alkaline soils are difficult to take into agricultural production. Due to the low infiltration capacity, rain water stagnates on the soil easily and, in dry periods, cultivation is hardly possible without copious irrigated water and good drainage. Agriculture is limited to crops tolerant to surface waterlogging (e.g. rice, grass) and the productivity is lower.
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Corchorus olitorius is an annual crop. The plant grows well in the lowland tropics, ranging from warm temperate zones through tropical desert to wet forest life zones. It can tolerate an annual precipitation between 400 and 4290 mm (optimum 1000 mm per year). Some cultivars are sensitive to waterlogging, especially when they are young.
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The seed's hard outer shell means that scarification is necessary in order to ensure satisfactory germination rates. As for most legumes, a pH neutral soil is preferred. The plant typically grows in very sandy loam, where waterlogging would not be a problem. Despite much global interest in this plant, propagation rates are still fairly low.
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Such a system is therefore called a checked, or controlled, drainage system. More usually, however, drainage systems are meant to function as regularly as possible to prevent undue waterlogging at any given time and it is this regular drainage system that is most often employed. In agricultural literature, this is sometimes also called a "relief drainage system".
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The 2019 race was run on Newcastle's Tapeta track after the Doncaster meeting was abandoned because of waterlogging, becoming the first British Group 1 race to be run on an artificial surface. Five winners have subsequently achieved victory in the following year's Derby. The first was Reference Point (1986–87), and the most recent was Camelot (2011–12).
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It was relegated to Listed level in 1986. The race was scheduled to be run over 1 mile, 4 furlongs and 65 yards in 1988, but it was abandoned due to waterlogging. It was cut by about a furlong in 1989. The current trophy is named in memory of Robert Sangster (1936–2004), a successful owner-breeder of racehorses.
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Eventually the larva remains at the feeding edge of the mine and the frass is deposited haphazardly, blocking the passage to the midrib. Occasionally a larva mines the petiole and rarely a lateral rib. If a leaf falls the larva can be found in a green island and waterlogging does not seem to affect the larva.
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It is also fairly drought tolerant, and tolerates waterlogging well once mature. It is highly favoured by sheep, and recovers well from grazing. Studies have shown that the meat of sheep grazed on river saltbush is high in Vitamin E and has high "consumer appeal". Disadvantages include a low volunteering rate, and difficulties establishing by direct seeding.
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Skyways Coach-Air leased an Avro 748 from LIAT for two years in 1968 to replace the aircraft lost. The grass runway at Lympne had previously suffered from waterlogging, leading to the closure of the airport in December 1951, and again in February 1953. A new concrete runway was constructed in early 1968, coming into use on 11 April.
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Ochna integerrima are hard to grow and also difficult to take care of. Farmers choose good seeds, soak them in water, and sow them in moist soil (either in pots or in a garden). Ochna integerrima likes moist and light soil, cannot stand waterlogging. Therefore, it is necessary to grow Ochna integerrima in high places and water them regularly.
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Natural rainfall levels of wild populations range from . For cultivation it is suggested that waterlogging and extremely dry soils should both be avoided. Moderate restriction of water in the early spring may be beneficial in stimulating flowering and reducing competitive vegetative growth. Anecdotal evidence suggests that overwatering muntries may result in a dilution of flavour in the muntrie berries.
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In irrigation districts, poor drainage of soils and surface aquifers can result in water tables' coming to the surface in low- lying areas. Major land degradation problems of soil salinity and waterlogging result, combined with increasing levels of salt in surface waters. As a consequence, major damage has occurred to local economies and environments. Four important effects are worthy of brief mention.
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That year's edition was abandoned due to waterlogging, so it was first run as a Group race in 1984. Several winners of the Sagaro Stakes have won the Gold Cup in the same season. The most recent was Estimate in 2013. The title Paradise Stakes is now assigned to a different race at Ascot, a 1-mile Listed event for older horses.
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Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) can grow on a wide range of soil types. Preferably in fertile, medium-textured and sandy loam soils that are well-drained, since waterlogging decreases plant performance. Guar grows best in moderate alkaline conditions (pH 7-8) and is tolerant of salinity. Its taproots are inoculated with rhizobia nodules, thus it produces nitrogen-rich biomass and improves soil quality.
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The canals ensured natural drainage flow of the city that prevented waterlogging, which is regularly seen in the city today. They also irrigated the paddy fields where Dehradun basmati rice were grown. Because of the water streams criss-crossing the city, a cooler microclimate was produced. The canals that were demolished or covered include Kalapathar, Bijapur, Rajpur and Jakhan canals.
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Waterlogging due to showers In this month the city receives the maximum amount of rain. July and August are characterized by almost non stop rain and weeks of no sunshine. A continuous monsoon current covers the entire western coast of India during this period. Rainfall activity is less stormy and more constant with a relatively constant breeze from the West or South West.
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Railways arrived in 1880, bringing Anglo settlers. The federal government encouraged more irrigation, which probably peaked in the early 1890s. The newcomers developed the vineyards, orchards and vegetable farms, and by 1900 were exporting produce as far as California. Over-exploitation caused a steady decline in irrigation due to "droughts, sedimentation, aggradation of the main channel, salinization, seepage and waterlogging".
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Salt marsh dieback results in the death of marsh-specific plants and the erosion of the landscape. One of the causes of waterlogging is the reduced aerobic respiration by the roots of S. alterniflora. It occurs mainly in the inland zones, though the streamside plants show partial anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration takes sugars and oxygen to create carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
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The water content of the substrate in which foundresses build the nest is important, as waterlogging must be avoided by using well-drained soils, which provides another advantage to building in sloping ground. However, there must be an adequate moisture level to prevent desiccation of the brood cells. Soil samples taken near the nests of H. rubicundus demonstrate a relatively high humidity.
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Longstock Park, UK. Although not entirely hardy in the UK, the shrub can survive most winters with a modicum of protection; overwinter waterlogging regarded as a greater danger to the plant. The shrub has never been known to flower in the UK owing to either the insufficient intensity or duration of sunlight. Hardiness: USDA zone 9.Stuart, D. (2006). Buddlejas.
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Finger millet can grow on various soils, including highly weathered tropical lateritic soils. Furthermore, it can tolerate soil salinity up to a certain extent. Its ability to bear waterlogging is limited, so good drainage of the soils and moderate water-holding capacity are optimal. Finger millet can tolerate moderately acidic soils (pH 5), but also moderately alkaline soils (pH 8.2).
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Centro is also very capable of enduring waterlogging, flooding and shade while still yielding up to 80% of its optimal amount. Centrosema pubescens yield is not affected by acid or very high aluminum soils with low phosphorus. However, it can increase yields of forage when the soil pH is elevated to 6 and after addition of 30–60 kg per hectare of phosphorus.
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This soon overstretched the airline's small fleet and led to frequent delays and diversions, exacerbated by the airport's waterlogging problem. As a result of knock-on effects, it also resulted in a deterioration of the company's punctuality on the coach-air network. Nineteen-sixty-seven was also the year the state-owned Transport Holding Company (THC) had acquired a 50% stake in Skyways Coach-Air for £27,000. This made it a semi-public entity.Government's coach/air loss, Air Transport ..., Flight International, 8 July 1971, pp. 44/5Aircraft (Gone but not forgotten ... SKYWAYS), p. 60, Ian Allan Publishing, Hersham, Christmas 2010 To address Lympne's waterlogging problem ahead of the 1968 summer season, Skyways Coach-Air's management decided to have a 4,500 feet (1,372 metre) concrete runway laid. This work was executed during the lean months in winter 1967/8.
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Ramrajatala is one of the oldest parts of the city of Howrah. This is a densely populated area in the southern part of Howrah city. Situated in the centre of this area, Ramrajatala Bazar is the most populated place. The area is in need of development in domains like road improvements and drainage system because waterlogging is a major problem in this part of Howrah.
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Gorongosa National Park is at the southern end of the Great African Rift Valley in the heart of central Mozambique, Southeast Africa. The over park includes the valley floor and parts of surrounding plateaus. Rivers originating on nearby Mount Gorongosa () water the plain. Seasonal flooding and waterlogging of the valley, which is composed of a mosaic of different soil types, creates a variety of distinct ecosystems.
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Repeated application of liquid hog manure in excess to crop needs can have detrimental effects on soil phosphorus status. Also, application of biosolids may increase available phosphorus in soil. In poorly drained soils or in areas where snowmelt can cause periodic waterlogging, reducing conditions can be attained in 7–10 days. This causes a sharp increase in phosphorus concentration in solution and phosphorus can be leached.
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High density polyethylene pipe installation in a storm drain project, Mexico. Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and sub- surface water from an area with excess of water. The internal drainage of most agricultural soils is good enough to prevent severe waterlogging (anaerobic conditions that harm root growth), but many soils need artificial drainage to improve production or to manage water supplies.
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It is commonly found growing on beaches, by rivers and in mangrove swamps. Sea Hibiscus is well adapted to grow in coastal environment in that it tolerates salt and waterlogging and can grow in quartz sand, coral sand, marl, limestone, and crushed basalt. It grows best in slightly acidic to alkaline soils (pH of 5–8.5). Cotton Tree, Queensland, Australia is named for the plant.
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This is prime for the growth of sorghum. Sorghum is well adapted to dryer climates and tolerates hot climates better than maize or soybeans. It is a warm season grass and has adapted to grow in a wide range of soil types often tolerating waterlogging and many poor soil types. Sorghum grows best deep in soil with a more neutral pH level around 6 to 7.
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Bangladesh has 123 polders, of which 49 are sea-facing, while the rest are along the numerous distributaries of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River delta. These were constructed in the 1960s to protect the coast from tidal flooding and reduce salinity incursion."Bangladesh polders under threat", Irin News They reduce long-term flooding and waterlogging following storm surges from tropical cyclones. They are also cultivated for agriculture.
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Journal of Arboriculture, (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, US. Typically, U. macrocarpa is intolerant of poorly drained ground prone to waterlogging, but has been found to be the most cold hardy of the Chinese elms in artificial freezing tests at the Morton Arboretum, the LT50 (temp. at which 50% of tissues die) was - 36 °C.Shirazi, A. M. & Ware, G. H. (2004).
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Chara and Nitella). Most aquatic plants can, or prefer to, grow in the emersed form, and most only flower in that form. Many terrestrial plants can tolerate extended periods of inundation, and this is often part of the natural habitat of the plant where flooding is common. These plants (termed helophytes) tolerate extended periods of waterlogging around the roots and even complete submersion under flood waters.
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In August, the Konkan region of Maharashtra experienced heavy monsoon rains, placing lives in jeopardy. Many inter-city trains between Mumbai and Pune were cancelled. Heavy waterlogging had been reported from Chiplun, Rajapur, Khed and Mahad in Maharashtra. On 10 August 2008, a major landslide caused extensive damage to a three-story building at the Sinhgad Technical Education Society's (STES) academic campus in Lonavla.
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The main threats to Toolibin’s ecological community are salinisation and waterlogging due to clearing of the catchment for dry-land agriculture, particularly wool and cereal grain production; eutrophication caused by run-off containing agricultural fertilizers; invasive weeds changing the structure of the ecosystem and reducing natural vegetation available for food and shelter for animals; and grazing of regenerating seedlings by kangaroos, livestock and rabbits. Actions to recover the environmental values of the lake and its catchment include the reduction of recharge – including revegetation and the protection of remnant vegetation; changes in farming methods, such as contour farming and the use of perennial grasses for grazing; the management of surface water in the catchment to reduce waterlogging of farmland, to decrease the salinity of water entering the lake, and to decrease salt loading of the lake; and groundwater pumping to lower the water table beneath the lake.
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The airline also applied for traffic rights to extend its coach-air network to Basle, Palma, Barcelona and Tenerife.Airliner World (Skyways: Coach Air, New ventures, Another turbulent spell), pp. 67-69, Key Publishing, Stamford, November 2011 Lympne's persistent waterlogging problem forced many flights to divert to Gatwick, especially in winter. During the late-1950s and early-1960s, Skyways Coach-Air's DC-3s also operated regular charter flights from Gatwick.
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John C. Cochrane and Alfred H. Piquenard were designated as architects, and a cornerstone was laid on November 23, 1871. However, much of the original stone deteriorated through waterlogging and severe weather, and had to be replaced. The cornerstone was relaid on September 29, 1873. Although the building could not be constructed for $1.5 million as planned, the Cochrane and Piquenard design was retained, and modifications were undertaken.
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There is substantial evidence of drainage dykes, but even they would have struggled to keep the arable land free from waterlogging and constant flooding. Additionally the period was one of permanent political upheaval with intermittent resistance and armed conflict between several local Welsh leaders. In January 1316, for instance, Llywelyn Bren attacked Caerphilly Castle, and for the next two months there was conflict and devastation throughout the Glamorgan region.
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Foggathorpe gives its name to the local soil which is dominated by poorly drained, clayey soils of the Foggathorpe series. Soils of both the Foggathorpe 1 Association and the Foggathorpe 2 Association are described as slowly permeable seasonally waterlogged stoneless clayey and fine loamy over clayey soils; the poor drainage and seasonal waterlogging creates conditions conducive to rapid surface runoff. The clay has its origins in glacial lakes.
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Another product of waterlogging is the increase of sulfide in soil. The increase of sulfide is caused by anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, which are mainly seen in reduced soils. Increased sulfide has been shown to inhibit NH4-N (ammoniacal nitrogen, an ammonium salt) uptake within the plant. NH4-N is the most available form of nitrogen within the soil and it is a limiting nutrient in S. alterniflora productivity.
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Martin Hvidt: "Water resource planning in Egypt", in: Eric Watkins (Editor): The Middle Eastern Environment, , 1995 Drainage through sub-surface drains and drainage channels is essential to prevent a deterioration of crop yields from soil salinization and waterlogging. By 2003 more than 2 million ha have been equipped with a subsurface drainage system and approximately 7.2 billion m3 of water is drained annually from areas with these systems.
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Digitaria eriantha has moderate to high drought tolerance, which demonstrates great potential for those who live in arid or semi-arid climates, such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Though it is fairly tolerant to low rainfall, it restricts production and yield. Digit grass is also quite tolerant of flooding and waterlogging. Therefore, digit grass also shows great promise in subtropical and tropical areas where rainfall is heavier and in short burst.
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Airbus UK's first opponents in the League of Wales at The Airfield were Total Network Solutions. In 2012, Airbus UK Broughton sold the naming rights of The Airfield to the Hollingsworth Group and renamed The Airfield. Due to regular waterlogging of the pitch, The Airfield's grass surface was replaced with a 3G synthetic pitch in 2014. This came after funding was raised by UEFA, the FAW and the Airbus Sports and Social Club.
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The Bureau of Indian Standards places the city inside seismic zone III on a scale ranging from in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes. The United Nations Development Programme reports that there is "very high damage risk" from winds and cyclones. The 1999 Odisha cyclone caused major damage to buildings, the city's infrastructure and cost many human lives. Floods and waterlogging in the low-lying areas have become common due to unplanned growth.
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Gelifluction, very similar to solifluction, is the seasonal freeze-thaw action upon waterlogging topsoils which induces downslope movement. Gelifluction is prominent in periglacial regions where snow falls during six to eight months of the year. In spring, the snow and ice melt, and the landscape is effectively inundated with half a year's worth of rainfall in the space of a couple of days. The top soil becomes waterlogged, and flows like a liquid.
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The airport underwent a renovation starting in 2013. Constructed at a low level, the pre-existing terminal building was exposed to a water drainage problem and regularly got affected by waterlogging. The reconstruction fell into the scope of the Civil Aviation Development Investment Program (CADIP) aimed to increase the safety, accessibility and reliability of the airports in PNG. The Government of PNG and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) jointly funded the airport development project.
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Peasant grants reserved for agricultural castes formed the bulk of the land."Recruitment of Peasant cultivators from the Punjab for the Bahawalpur State", File 301/2/0/140 (BOR), Notes pp.5-54. The government decided that those eligible for peasant grants were those whose lands had been ruined by waterlogging, or by diluvion and river action, or those who that inhabited congested tracts.FC(D)’s letter; in PRAP(R), July 1927, No .
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The storm activated a flood situation in Odisha, affecting 12 districts of the state. Waterlogging was reported in the cities of Cuttack and Bhubaneshwar, and nearly 200 villages were affected after the Baitarani river swelled more than two meters over its flood danger level. Sambalpur district received the highest amount of rainfall at , followed by Balasore district receiving . Seven people were reported to be missing after two trawlers capsized off the coast.
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761) In February 1953, Lympne was waterlogged and services were temporarily transferred to Southend. In September waterlogging again stopped the air ferry, which was transferred to RAF West Malling. Six Bristol Freighter Mk.32s were introduced in March 1953, at a cost of £540,000, which could each carry three cars and a service to Ostend was started with the aircraft. Skyways remained at Lympne until October 1954 when it moved to Lydd (Ferryfield).
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As the diseased trees die, the wood dries, increasing the chance of catching fire after being struck by lightning. The resulting forest fire may, in turn, kill the species that killed the trees. Plants that are under water stress caused by dry soils or waterlogging are more susceptible to infection by A. gallica. It has been shown to be one of several Armillaria species responsible for widespread mortality of oak trees in the Arkansas Ozarks.
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Shanglaozhuang Township is slightly higher in the west and slightly lower in the east, and its overall terrain is very low. In 2003, its plain and waterlogging depression topography accounted for 53.2% and 46.8% respectively. The Dongping Lake is a lake and the largest body of water in the township. The Daima River (), Liuchang River (), Beijing- Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project are flow through the township.
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Correspondingly, bottom sediments are equally heavily contaminated with heavy metals. Along the open section of the riverbed there are areas that are prone to flooding and waterlogging: these are Oktyabrskaya and Sotsialisticheskya streets. In February 2015 was announced the initiative of the students of the Taganrog College of Marine Instrument Making who together with other participants and curators of the SIFE to clear the channel of the river.Фридман А. Навалиться на черепаху // bogudonia.ru.
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Rose bedeguar galls and rose hips in autumn The galls occur more commonly on plants under stress, i.e. very dry conditions, waterlogging or hedge cutting, whereas vigorously growing plants are less commonly found to have galls. Whether the vigorous plant suppresses gall formation or is avoided by the wasp in favour of easier targets is unknown. Young and damaged plants tend to produce larger and more numerous galls than old and intact ones.
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Waterlogging was a frequent problem for the grass surface, so two runways of Sommerfeld Tracking were laid and a tarmac perimeter track constructed around the field. There were five hangars on the eastern and south-eastern side of the site; the control tower is still extant. No. 15 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit RAF and No. 3 Flying Instructors School RAF was also present at some point. The airfield functioned for seven years before being decommissioned on 18 October 1948.
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The rich black Clay soils are found in a 4 km wide belt stretching about 2 km either side of Gwayi River in what can be called "The Gwayi River flood plain". This area is prone to flooding as in the case of Mahlaba and waterlogging as in the case of Shakiwa (Matemaule). The red clay soils can be found in the south-eastern areas of Tsholotsho right from Mapulubusi through Madona and right up to Ngqoya.
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It tolerates a few months of moderate drought, but does not support long dry periods. The species is also able to support short periods of water saturation, but cannot withstand permanent waterlogging. Cacay prospers in fertile soils originating from alluvial deposits, but can adapt to ultisol and oxisol soils which are acidic and poor in nutrient content. Cacay develops best in warm climates and in low-altitude plains, with average temperatures of and relative humidity of 70-90%.
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During the 2020 lockdown, Nachinola was in the news during the Covid pandemic, when some of its villagers took to helping those in need. In August 2020, farmers from Nachinola complained that waterlogging in their fields was destroying cultirvated crops as the drains had not been de-silted and the problem was being for two years. They had approached the Bardez Zonal Agricultural Office over this issue and sought an inspection. Village youth have also undertaken clean-up drives.
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A few tropical species also occur in Papua New Guinea, and the distribution of one subspecies, Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana extends as far north as Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. The southwest of Western Australia has the greatest density of species, and in the tropical north of the continent, species such as M. argentea and M. leucadendra are the dominant species over large areas. Melaleucas grow in a range of soil types and many tolerate occasional or even permanent waterlogging.
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Because of the honeyeater's small population of fewer than 100 wild birds, and very restricted distribution, several factors, such as drought, disease, wildfire and climate change, have the potential to bring the bird to extinction. Particular threats are habitat degradation through die-off and the lack of regeneration of the mountain swamp gum community, because of siltation and waterlogging, or by disease and weed invasion. Nest predation, by a suite of native and introduced predators, may also affect nest productivity.Menkhorst (2008a), pp.
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Its natural habitat is often in shaded locations, scrub, woodlands, grasslands, gallery forest edges and alike, and on soils with fertility ranging from very low to intermediate (and even high) acidic contents. The shrubs are mostly seen under trees along watercourses and in grasslands, on clay and lateritic soils. The plant is tolerant of light shade and is moderately able to survive fires. It can tolerate fairly long dry spells and is capable of surviving on very poorly drained soils with waterlogging.
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Wuhan saw of rainfall during the first week of July, surpassing the record that fell on the city in 1991. A red alert for heavy rainfall was issued on 2 July, the same day that eight people died after a section of a tall wall collapsed on top of them. The city's subway system, the Wuhan Metro was partially submerged as was the main railway station. In Ezhou, the Mingtang Stadium was flooded, waterlogging the entire pitch within the bowl structure.
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Buddleja tubiflora is cultivated in the UK, most if not all specimens derived from a long-lost example grown at the Hanbury Gardens at Mortola, Italy. A specimen is grown under glass as part of the NCCPG national collection at Longstock Park Nursery, near Stockbridge. The shrub can be grown on a south-facing wall in coastal areas of the UK, with added protection against frost, although waterlogging overwinter is considered a greater danger to the plant.Stuart, D. (2006). Buddlejas.
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The third and final phase of the temple was preceded by the partial collapse of the roof.Boon 1960 p150-155 Broken slates were used to raise the level of the nave, this could have been to help avoid the waterlogging that may have affected the earlier two phases. This layer was sealed by a new cobbled floor throughout the nave. To compensate for the raising of the nave height, the benches and the area in front of the niche were raised.
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It is tolerant to some degree of waterlogging, although the young plants appear to be susceptible (de Carvalho & Veira, 1996). Ricebean is also known to be tolerant to acid soils (Dwivedi, 1996). Shattering is a problem in comparison with other grain legumes, and can be particularly serious under conditions of frequent wetting and drying. Ricebean is a neglected crop, cultivated on small areas by subsistence farmers in hill areas of Nepal, northern and northeastern India, and parts of southeast Asia.
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Mangrove swamp (Avicennia schaueriana) in formation The ecoregion holds about 13% of Brazilian mangrove formations. The mangroves along the Amapá coastal plain form zones parallel to the shoreline where different species of mangroves have responded differently to frequency of flooding, waterlogging, availability of nutrients, soil salinity and volume of freshwater from the rivers, the last depending on rainfall. The dense mangrove forests mainly consist of Avicennia, Rhizophora and Laguncularia species. They extend from the mean tidal level to the high spring tide.
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Another example of a waterlogging artifact or mummy was Ötzi, found by two tourists near the border of Austria and Italy. Ötzi is now displayed in Bolzano, Italy, in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology. Occasionally, waterlogged conditions can occur inside burial mounds. The oak-coffin burials of Bronze Age northern Europe, and most notably those of Denmark, date to about 1000 BC. These coffins had an inner core of stones packed round the tree-trunk coffin, with a round barrow built above.
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Scientists have studied salt marsh dieback for decades, and they still argue about its causes. One of the main ideas suggests that salt marsh dieback is caused by waterlogging in S. alterniflora from increased submersion within the tides, increased sediment, and oxygen deficiency.Goodman P.J, Williams W.T. (1961) "Investigations into 'die-back' in Spartina townsendii agg." Journal of Ecology 49(2): 391–398 Other scientists have researched the possibility of increased soil salinity and decreased soil water as the causes for dieback.
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It caused a rapid growth in lung cancer, forest die-back and damage to buildings and cultural heritages. According to official sources, 58 percent of total agricultural land of the former Soviet Union was affected by salinization, erosion, acidity, or waterlogging. Nuclear waste was dumped in the Sea of Japan, the Arctic Ocean and in locations in the Far East. It was revealed in 1992 that in the city of Moscow there were 636 radioactive toxic waste sites and 1,500 in Saint Petersburg.
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A bigger mine was detonated on the night of but all this achieved was a crater about wide, which the British occupied and made into another defensive position. After the big mine explosion of the British fortified the front lip of the crater and the 172nd Tunnelling Company was diverted from its mining at St Eloi to dig a defensive mine system to prevent the Germans trying again; waterlogging and the loose soil along the canal back caused the miners much difficulty.
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Canal Lining Canal lining is the process of reducing seepage loss of irrigation water by adding an impermeable layer to the edges of the trench. Seepage can result in losses of 30 to 50 percent of irrigation water from canals, so adding lining can make irrigation systems more efficient. Canal linings are also used to prevent weed growth, which can spread throughout an irrigation system and reduce water flow. Lining a canal can also prevent waterlogging around low-lying areas of the canal.
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Barrier fail On 26 December 2015, too much water entered the River Foss causing a possible overspill and damage to the electrical services of the barrier. A telephone conference with senior county bodies was convened and it was decided to open the barrier to prevent overflooding. At this time, the level was below the flood level () on 4 November 2000. It was decided that it would be better to have barrier open, rather than stuck shut by the waterlogging of the electrical services.
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Environmental factors including drought, waterlogging, and river-bank erosion also contribute to internal migration. There are four spatial patterns of internal migration: # Rural-rural migration: in many poor countries like Senegal, rural-rural migration occurs when labourers from poorer regions travel to agriculturally-rich and irrigated areas which have more work. # Rural-urban migration: seen in the urbanizing economies of Asia, migration of poor agricultural workers move to larger cities and manufacturing centers. # Urban-rural migration: migration that occurs when individuals retire back to their villages.
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During the planning of this project China had entered the Korean War, which meant that the government did not have the economic resources to fund this project. However, Premier Zhou Enlai, who came from the Huai River drainage basin, insisted on carrying out the whole project because he knew how people suffered from flood and waterlogging in his hometown. In 1950 the inundation was particularly serious. Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai instructed relevant departments to work out a plan to regulate water conservancy.
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Whilst in the ground the boat was significantly protected from being destroyed by waterlogging and a cover of silt which protected it from bacteria. After being removed from the ground the boat was kept in a waterlogged state at the Mary Rose Trust at Portsmouth. After a long process of preservation the boat returned to Dover Museum to be re-assembled in 1998. The boat is displayed in a glass case as the centrepiece of a whole floor in the museum devoted to archaeology.
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The monument is protected by archaeological survey of India and beautification, fencing floor reconstruction has been done by the department. In September 2014 floods, the temple oozed freshwater due to its being below a level that people of surrounding areas used for domestic and bath purposes. The temple was affected by waterlogging, and reconstruction work was again started in March 2016. A temple is a place of refreshment for locals during summer, and especially after sunset, local youth rest in the landscape of the temple.
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Pakistan gets a large number of guest birds from Europe, Central Asian States and India every year. The birds from north spend winters in different wetlands and deserts of Pakistan, which are distributed almost throughout the country, from the high Himalayas to coastal mangroves and mud flats in the Indus delta. After winter they go back to their native habitats. Because of the different lakes that emerged due to waterlogging of Jhelum link canal, the Rangpur Baghoor area is a haven for these birds.
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Out of root influence, in the bulk soil, most bacteria are in a quiescent stage, forming microaggregates, i.e. mucilaginous colonies to which clay particles are glued, offering them a protection against desiccation and predation by soil microfauna (bacteriophagous protozoa and nematodes). Microaggregates (20-250 μm) are ingested by soil mesofauna and macrofauna, and bacterial bodies are partly or totally digested in their guts. Humans impact soil formation by removing vegetation cover with erosion, waterlogging, lateritization or podzolization (according to climate and topography) as the result.
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Aegle marmelos plant Aegle marmelos is native across the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, and is cultivated throughout Sri Lanka, Tamilnadu, Thailand, and Malesia. It occurs in dry, open forests on hills and plains at altitudes from with mean annual rainfall of . It has a reputation in India for being able to grow in places that other trees cannot. It copes with a wide range of soil conditions (pH range 5-10), is tolerant of waterlogging and has an unusually wide temperature tolerance from .
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Sara is a short grass airstrip built across a hilltop, next to the village of Arongbwaratu. Sara does not suffer from the problems of waterlogging that formerly afflicted Lonorore, Pentecost's other airport, although the airport's high location makes it vulnerable to disruption in windy weather. Following the 2008-2009 upgrading of Lonorore, and improvements in the reliability and frequency of shipping to Pentecost, Sara Airport has declined slightly in importance, although it remains a valuable transport link for the communities of northern Pentecost. Sara is the word for "field" in Raga language.
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Root diseases are not usually possible to treat once infection has occurred; the most practical line of defence is to ensure that growing conditions maximise plant health and thereby prevent infection. Phytophthora species are waterborne and therefore improving drainage and reducing waterlogging can help reduce infection. The main pest affecting roses is the aphid (greenfly), which sucks the sap and weakens the plant. In areas where they are endemic Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica) take a heavy toll on rose flowers and foliage; rose blooms can also be destroyed by infestations of thrips (Thysanoptera spp).
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A rain garden in temperate climates will unlikely dry out completely, but gardens in dry climates will need to sustain low soil moisture levels during periods of drought. On the other hand, rain gardens are unlikely to suffer from intense waterlogging, since the function of a rain garden is that excess water is drained from the site. Plants typically found in rain gardens are able to soak up large amounts of rainfall during the year as an intermediate strategy during the dry season. Transpiration by growing plants accelerates soil drying between storms.
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Pindan country is geographically restricted to Dampierland, including the Dampier Peninsula and its hinterland, the area around Broome and Roebuck Bay, and a coastal strip extending south-westwards from Roebuck Bay adjacent to Eighty Mile Beach. It is semiarid with a tropical monsoonal climate of hot, wet summers and mild, dry winters. The flat, or gently undulating, land lacks prominent landmarks and is easy to get lost in. The soils are usually red and sandy with a high clay content, low in nutrients, and susceptible both to drought and to waterlogging when wet.
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A run of eight wins in eleven games soon allayed any fears of Vale losing their league status. The club were so confident in fact as to sell right-half Bill McGarry to Huddersfield Town for £12,000 – he would later be selected in the England squad for the 1954 FIFA World Cup. Waterlogging of the Vale Park pitch caused numerous games to be postponed, this meant a run of six home games would be played between 23 April and 3 May. This gave young reserves the chance to impress.
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During the monsoons, operations had to be shifted to Poona due to water logging. A third runway was planned for construction in 1939 but this never occurred. It served as the city's airport up to and during World War II. Runway 08/26, pointing towards the Arabian Sea Waterlogging during the monsoon and the absence of proper runways for monsoon take-offs were serious drawbacks for Juhu aerodrome. The former problem was addressed by replacement of the bitumen runways with concrete runways in 1937, while proper runways, night flying facilities, hangars, etc.
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Irrigation can have a variety negative impacts on ecology and socioeconomy, which may be mitigated in a number of ways. These include siting the irrigation project in a location which minimises negative impacts. The efficiency of existing projects can be improved and existing degraded croplands can be improved rather than establishing a new irrigation project Developing small-scale, individually owned irrigation systems as an alternative to large-scale, publicly owned and managed schemes. The use of sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation systems decreases the risk of waterlogging and erosion.
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Torrential rains and flash floods were also reported in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Punjab, resulting in at least 25 deaths. The floodgates of the famous Sukhna Lake in Chandigarh were opened, for the first time in 10 years. As Daye weakened into a low-pressure area, the storm interacted with another western disturbance to the north, leading to widespread rainfall in the northern Himalayas and the plains to the south, from September 22–24. Delhi received heavy rains between September 22–24 totaling 58.6 mm, resulting in severe waterlogging.
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Problems with waterlogging of the grass runway and the refusal of the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation to upgrade the airfield led to Silver City transferring operations to Lydd (Ferryfield) in 1954. By 1956, the airport's ownership had passed to Eric Rylands Ltd, the Skyways holding company. Skyways operated a coach-air service between London and Paris, flying passengers from Lympne to Beauvais. This service operated until 1974 (1955–1958: the original Skyways; 1958–1971: Skyways Coach-Air; 1971–1972: Skyways International; 1972–1974: Dan-Air Skyways).
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While slopes along channels of 1:100 have been recommended, in practice it is difficult to build a base for channels that is sufficiently true to enable nutrient films to flow without ponding in locally depressed areas. As a consequence, it is recommended that slopes of 1:30 to 1:40 be used. This allows for minor irregularities in the surface, but, even with these slopes, ponding and waterlogging may occur. The slope may be provided by the floor, or benches or racks may hold the channels and provide the required slope.
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The buildings have been designed to utilize sunlight and facilitate natural ventilation as much as possible, and avoid dependency on artificial methods that consume great amounts of electricity, for e.g. solar water heating systems have been used in the dormitories of the Surat campus. A layout of coconut trees planted along the perimeter of the Karachi campus’ sports field mitigates waterlogging not only in Jamea but also in the surrounding homes. Recycling, compost facilities, motion sensor lighting and paper reduction policies are also applied in all four campuses.
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Eremophila subteretifolia is classified as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia). It is listed as "Endangered" (EN) under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and an interim recovery plan has been prepared. In 2002, the total wild population was estimated to be 119 mature plants occurring in six locations to the south of Lake King. Threats to the species include increasing salinity, waterlogging, road maintenance, vehicle damage and grazing by rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
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The chhatris on the four corners are octagonal. The palace had suffered subsidence in the past and also partial seepage (plasterwork and wall damage equivalent to rising damp) because of waterlogging, which have been repaired under a restoration project of the Government of Rajasthan. The hills surrounding the lake area, towards the north east of Jaipur, have quartzite rock formations (with a thin layer of soil cover), which is part of the Aravalli hills range. Rock exposures on the surface in some parts of the project area have also been used for constructing buildings.
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They prefer well-drained, sandy loams and are intolerant of waterlogging, but the deep root systems can adapt to a wide variety of soil conditions and are fairly salt-tolerant (up to 3% in soil). After being irrigated with saline water in the summer, carob trees could possibly recover during winter rainfalls. In some experiments, young carob trees were capable of basic physiological functions under high salt conditions (40 mmol NaCl/l). Not all legume species can develop a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia to make use of atmospheric nitrogen.
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It is generally accepted that in Tasmania annual rainfall increases with altitude, and thus the most exposed E. coccifera populations must contend with high annual rainfall (greater than on Mt. Wellington, and around at Mt. Field). Despite this, water availability can often be an issue for E. coccifera and other subalpine species. This is due to the sporadic nature of Tasmanian rainfall, and a number of other factors including soil type, slope and wind action. The rocky substrates of sub-alpine Mt. Field and Mt. Wellington drain very effectively, therefore waterlogging isn’t generally a problem.
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The course reopened for racing on 11 January 2015, with an invited crowd of 800 people present, with the full public reopening taking place on 22 January 2015. The first race was won by Tryster by a short head. On 27 December 2015, racing from Chelmsford City appeared on Channel 4 Racing for the first time following waterlogging at Chepstow and the abandonment of the Welsh Grand National. In January 2017 Chelmsford City announced plans to build a casino and develop a new turf course inside the existing all-weather track.
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It remained in situ until 1910 when it was relocated to the edge of Rome. Mid 19th century workings at the circus site uncovered the lower parts of a seating tier and outer portico. Since then, a series of excavations has exposed further sections of the seating, curved turn and central barrier but further exploration has been limited by the scale, depth and waterlogging of the site. World Cup 2006 victory celebration at the site of the Circus The Circus site now functions as a large park area, in the centre of the city.
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They occur mainly in subtropical and temperate, semi-arid and subhumid regions. Planosols are formed mostly in clayey alluvial and colluvial deposits. Geological stratification and/or a pedogenetic process of destruction and removal of clay has resulted in the relatively coarse-textured, light-coloured surface soil abruptly overlying finer textured subsoil; impeded downward percolation of water causes temporarily reducing conditions with a stagnic colour pattern, at least close to the abrupt textural change. Planosols in their natural state support a sparse grass vegetation, often with scattered shrubs and trees that have shallow root systems that can cope with temporary waterlogging.
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When sufficient salt export is not taking place from a river basin to the sea in an attempt to harness the river water fully, it leads to river basin closer and the available water in downstream area of the river basin becomes saline and/ or alkaline water. Land irrigated with saline or alkaline water becomes gradually in to saline or alkali soils. The water percolation in alkali soils is very poor leading to waterlogging problems. Proliferation of alkali soils would compel the farmers to cultivate rice or grasses only as the soil productivity is poor with other crops and tree plantations.
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Examples of gastrolith dropstones from the Tropic Shale (Cretaceous) of Utah Stones can also be transported large distances by becoming bound in a raft of floating plant material or in the roots of floating trees. When such a raft disintegrates due to waterlogging and sinking of its constituents, the transported rocks would also sink. Dropstones formed in this manner are typically associated with organic matter, especially logs – the fossilised remains of the raft that caused its transport. Vertebrates may also act as "rafts" by ingesting gastroliths and depositing them in standing bodies of water by regurgitation or when the organism dies.
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SaltMod's objective is to predict the long- term hydro-salinity in terms of general trends, not to arrive at exact predictions of how, for example, the situation would be on the first of April in ten years from now. Further, SaltMod gives the option of the re-use of drainage and well water (e.g. for irrigation) and it can account for farmers' response to waterlogging, soil salinity, water scarcity and over-pumping from the aquifer. Also it offers the possibility to introduce subsurface drainage systems at varying depths and with varying capacity so that they can be optimized.
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Bog bodies are the best-known finds from the peat bogs of northwest Europe, with most of them dating from the Iron Age. Most corpses that were found were individuals that met a violent death and were probably either executed as criminals or killed as a sacrifice before thrown into the bog. For example, the Old Croghan Man was stabbed, decapitated, mutilated, and tied down to the bottom of a bog pool. His body is an amazing display of how splendidly waterlogging can preserve a body, as his hands, skin, fingernails, and stomach were amazingly intact.
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A. novae-zelandiae has been shown to survive temperatures up to 41 °C. Recent studies have shown that in forests in Spain, Armillaria does not persist as well in places where the average rainfall is less than 1000 mm. Studies have also shown that in pine forests, as pine root systems increase in size and overlap, there is a possibility of disease transfer which allows the spread of infection beyond the area of the original primary source. Also, trees that have been weakened by stresses like defoliation by insects or frost, drought, waterlogging, soil compaction, air pollution, and foliage diseases.
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While the development of the Helmand valley resulted in considerable gains in agricultural production and raised average farm incomes tenfold, there have also been problems. In particular, by 1975 over-irrigation and poor drainage had led to waterlogging and salination, seriously damaging the soil in some places. Work to mitigate this was interrupted by the Soviet invasion. Following the overthrow of the Najibullah Government in 1992 and aided by the irrigation, the Helmand valley region has become a major area for the cultivation of the opium poppy, a crop which had been largely suppressed by the HAVA in the 1950s.
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195 Destructive soil insects include the cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) and the cabbage maggot (Hylemya brassicae), whose larvae can burrow into the part of plant consumed by humans. Planting near other members of the cabbage family, or where these plants have been placed in previous years, can prompt the spread of pests and disease. Excessive water and excessive heat can also cause cultivation problems. Factors that contribute to reduced head weight include: growth in the compacted soils that result from no-till farming practices, drought, waterlogging, insect and disease incidence, and shading and nutrient stress caused by weeds.
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Because the site had been in a low lying and poorly drained area, there was a historical tendency to build up the ground around the archaeological sites to the level of Macquarie Street, in order to avoid flooding. The preservation of the archaeological remains on Allotment 16 is therefore largely due to this accumulation of layers and to waterlogging of the lower soil profile. The adjacent buildings on Allotment 17 and 18 were located on higher ground and did not therefore have a similar stratigraphic history. These sites tended to be cut down to the level of the adjacent streets.
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SahysMod's objective is to predict the long-term hydro-salinity in terms of general trends, not to arrive at exact predictions of how, for example, the situation would be on the first of April in ten years from now. Further, SahysMod gives the option of the re-use of drainage and well water (e.g. for irrigation) and it can account for farmers' responses to waterlogging, soil salinity, water scarcity and over-pumping from the aquifer. Also it offers the possibility to introduce subsurface drainage systems at varying depths and with varying capacities so that they can be optimized.
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During the Bangladesh Liberation war, staff of the Noapara Railway Station were killed by members of Pakistan Army on 27 March 1971. The Pakistan Army killed 17 members of Mukti Bahini including Assistant Secretary of Bangladesh Awami League Nazibor Rahman. On 4 December 2005 over 300,000 people of Abhaynagar took to the roads and blocked the Jessore-Khulna Highway in the Nowapaara industrial area to protest against a longstanding waterlogging problem. The protest took place after 25,000 people took part in a silt removal drive in the Sri River at Vobodoho sluice gate on November 9.
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Frequent, but intermittent waterlogging of the roots requires adaptations to stress, so the proportions of stress tolerators are increased here. In nutrient-rich water, however there are some plants with very competitive strategies, like the reed (Phragmites australis). This is an example of a plant which makes rapid growth and suppresses other species by monopolising root and shoot space and shading out the opposition. Even its own seedlings are prevented from establishing within the existing population, but seeds are blown for long distances in copious quantities to start new colonies, whilst mature populations extend by rapid vegetative growth of lateral underground shoots - rhizomes.
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Potassium polyacrylate works similar to a sponge under the soil surface. It is composed of a set of polymeric chains, which are linked together chemically to become a water-insoluble, net-like matrix that gently attracts and holds hydrogen molecules. The immense size and weight of its molecular structure allows each potassium polyacrylate granule to absorb over 500 times its original weight in purified water. It does not ‘bind’ water tightly. The potassium polyacrylate granules release just the right amount of water in response to a plant’s root suction. There is no waterlogging or other ill effects caused by ‘free’ water filling air cavities in the soil.
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Until the opening of the nearby Bruce Grove railway station on 22 July 1872 the area was still rural, although close in proximity to London and the growing suburb of Tottenham. Aside from a small group of buildings clustered around neighbouring Bruce Castle, the only buildings in the area were the farmhouse and outbuildings of Broadwater Farm, then still a working farm. Broadwater Farm, 1892 Following construction of the railways to Tottenham and Wood Green, suburban residential development in the surrounding area took place rapidly. However, due to waterlogging and flooding caused by the River Moselle, Broadwater Farm was considered unsuitable for development and remained as farmland.
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Mountain Lodge was kept in training as a four-year-old with the Ascot Gold Cup in June as her principal objective. She missed a scheduled run in the Sagaro Stakes when the race meeting was abandoned due to waterlogging and made her seasonal debut in the Henry II Stakes at Sandown Park in May when she finished fourth to Ore. Her Gold Cup hopes were ended when she sustained a foot injury on the day of the race and had to be withdrawn. Later that month she contested the Northumberland Plate at Newcastle Racecourse but raced poorly and finished unplaced behind Weavers' Pin.
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It is long known that aquifers in areas as diverse as northern China, the Upper Ganges and the western US are being depleted, and new research extends these problems to aquifers in Iran, Mexico and Saudi Arabia. Increasing pressure is being placed on water resources by industry and urban areas, meaning that water scarcity is increasing and agriculture is facing the challenge of producing more food for the world's growing population with reduced water resources. Agricultural water usage can also cause major environmental problems, including the destruction of natural wetlands, the spread of water-borne diseases, and land degradation through salinization and waterlogging, when irrigation is performed incorrectly.
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The stretch between Zaragoza and Huesca presents problems for light trucks when strong wind gusts occur in Cierzo. In the section Turolense occurred post-construction problems slopes detachment, Chirico and constant danger of affecting the circulation within a few months of being opened and in 2009 had to run resurfacing work to the problems identified waterlogging and subsidence. On July 22, 2010, a funding cut by the Spanish Ministry of Development forced two sections under construction between Nueno and Jaca, and a third between Jaca and Santa Cilia de Jaca, to be delayed (see diagram sections) for between one and four years. Work has subsequently resumed.
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On his first appearance as a four-year-old Colour Vision contested the Group Three Sagaro Stakes on 2 May. The race was run that year on the Polytrack surface at Kempton Park Racecourse after the meeting at Ascot was abandoned owing to waterlogging. Ridden for the first time by Frankie Dettori he started the 9/2 fourth choice in a six runner field with the John Gosden- trained Thimaar starting favourite ahead of Barbican and Red Cadeaux. After being restrained at the rear of the six-runner field he produced a strong run in the straight to take the lead inside the furlong.
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But it also had environmental and social impacts including resettlement, loss of fertile silt that now accumulates in the reservoir behind the dam, waterlogging combined with an increase in soil salinity, and increased coastal erosion. Unrelated to the construction of the Aswan High Dam, water quality deteriorated through drainage return flows and discharges of untreated municipal and industrial wastewater. Beginning in the 1980s wastewater treatment improved and water quality in the Nile gradually improved again. Until 1992 the government decided which crops farmers had to grow, which allowed the authorities to deliver specific volumes of water to each canal based on the water needs of the crops.
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The grass taxiway parallel to the operational runway is used in summer only, because of waterlogging. Based at the airfield are Tatenhill Flying School, who operate aircraft from Tatenhill Aviation such as the Piper PA-24, Piper PA-28, Cessna 152 and Bellanca Decathlon; and the Merlin Flying Club (Rolls-Royce plc employees') who moved here when Hucknall Aerodrome was closed on 1 March 2015: they operate Cessna 150 Aerobat, Robin DR.200, Auster AOP.9 and Pitts Special aircraft. Central Flight Training school are resident, and provide instructor, commercial, multi-engine and instrument rating training: they operate Piper PA-24, Beech Duchess and Diamond DA-42 aircraft.
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Lonorore began as a grass airstrip, capable of accommodating 20-seater Twin Otter aircraft in good conditions, although it was frequently unusable due to waterlogging in wet weather. The airport is in the middle of an old coconut plantation, and was first built as a private airstrip in colonial times by the plantation owner. The airport was upgraded in 2008-2009 with a longer, tarmacked runway capable of operating in most weather conditions and being used by larger ATR aircraft, though in practice the airport is still serviced only by Twin Otters, together with Islanders and small charter planes. Lonorore is used for Air Vanuatu domestic flights to Port Vila and Santo, sometimes via Ambae.
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During the short wet season from December to March there is profuse flowering of the diverse pindan flora, with a wide variety of insects and other animals taking advantage of the seasonal abundance. On higher ground, pindan adopts a more open savanna structure while, on low-lying ground subject to waterlogging during the wet season, paperbarks begin to displace the other trees. Canopy height ranges from 3 m to 8 m; the trees are short and deep- rooted, often with the trunks bent or twisted. In his 1926 book “In Savage Australia” Norwegian explorer Knut Dahl described the pindan as a “crippled forest” in response to the apparent uniformity and stunted appearance of the vegetation.
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Racing was becoming increasingly fashionable, and meetings were held in conjunction with entertainments in the Assembly Rooms and various public houses in the town. On a number of occasions, however, waterlogging forced race meetings to be moved to The Holmes, close to the centre of Derby on the south bank of the River Derwent. This, combined with the process of enclosure into fields of the previously open Moor, led by the end of the 18th century to the course being permanently moved to The Holmes, where a "handsome and commodious" grandstand was built. With the arrival and expansion of the railways in the area, this site eventually became impractical, and was last used in 1844.
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These studies demonstrate that a paleosol, which is either developed in or comprises underclay, largely reflects the effects of plants and other soil forming processes on the underclay while it formed the ground surface prior to being buried by organic sediments. Plant growth, waterlogging, and other processes, which occurred during the development of a mire or swamp, in which a layer of peat accumulated that later became the overlying coal, modified the paleosol to create an underclayGardner, T.W., E.G. Williams, and P.W. Holbrook, 1988, Pedogenesis of some Pennsylvanian underclays; ground-water, topography, and tectonic controls in J. Reinhardt and W.R. Sigleo, eds., Paleosols and Weathering Through Geologic Time: principles and Applications. Geological Society of America Special Paper. no.
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If required, farmers' responses to waterlogging and soil salinity can be automatically accounted for. The method can gradually decrease: # The amount of irrigation water applied when the water table becomes shallower depending on the kind of crop (paddy rice and non-rice) # The fraction of irrigated land when the available irrigation water is scarce; # The fraction of irrigated land when the soil salinity increases; for this purpose, the salinity is given a stochastic interpretation; # The groundwater abstraction by pumping from wells when the water table drops. The farmers' responses influence the water and salt balances, which, in turn, slows down the process of water logging and salinization. Ultimately a new equilibrium situation will arise.
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The canal was conceived as part of a wider scheme to drain the low-lying land and fens between the River Humber and Market Weighton. Some of land were threatened by flooding, both from rain and from water flowing into the area from a larger catchment covering , including the East Yorkshire Wolds, which border the area to the east. Before the scheme, most of the lower area was marshland, while the upper area suffered from waterlogging, and was only suitable for grazing of animals.Market Weighton Drainage Board: Background In 2012 the Market Weighton Drainage Board amalgamated with the neighbouring Lower Ouse Internal Drainage Board to form the Ouse and Humber Drainage Board.
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It is smaller than the wild form, reaching in height. Eucalyptus robusta is widely grown from equatorial to temperate regions, tolerating a wide range of climates and conditions. Its fast early growth and tolerance for waterlogging have rendered it a useful tree to grow. It has been widely grown in plantations outside Australia, including Argentina, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Fiji, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Mozambique, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan—Republic of China, Tanzania, Uganda, Zanzibar, and the United States of America, where it has been grown in Hawaii, southern Florida, southern California and Puerto Rico.
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The plant can be grown outside, unsheltered, as far north as Zone 8 in the United States and perhaps further north; above-ground growth is killed back by winter freezing, but the plant reemerges each spring in late May. The greatest impediment to producing a crop of seeds is the long maturation time for the seed pods – which is right up to the first hard freeze of the year. Waterlogging is indeed an issue – leading to root rot – and a well-drained sandy loam is preferred, but not essential. Curiously, this and the other three members of the genus Tylosema are possibly unique within the family Fabaceae in the fact they exhibit heterostyly.
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It is also one of the few Adenanthos species to grow well in moist environments; it will not tolerate seasonal waterlogging—that niche is filled by A. detmoldii—but thrives in damp soils not subject to waterlogging.Nelson (1975b) 1: 253, 257. Consistent with these edaphic preferences, A. obovatus is widespread and common in the scrub and heath commonly found on the sandplains of Southwest Australia, and is also common in the sedgelands that develop in moister areas of the region. It is uncommon in forest or woodland areas, because these are usually associated with lateritic soils; but it may be found in stands of jarrah or marri forest where these grow in laterite-free sand.
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In a tropical country like India with high evapotranspiration, food security can be achieved with water security which in turn is achieved with energy security to pump water to uplands from water surplus lower elevation river points up to sea level. ;Salt export needs When sufficient salt export is not taking place from a river basin to the sea in an attempt to harness the river water fully, it leads to river basin closure, and the available water in downstream area of the river basin closer to the sea becomes saline and/ or alkaline water. Land irrigated with saline or alkaline water gradually turns in to saline or alkali soils. The water percolation in alkali soils is very poor leading to waterlogging problems.
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He was scheduled to contest the Ayr Gold Cup at Ayr Racecourse at on 23 September but when the Scottish track was found to be unraceable because of waterlogging the race was transferred to Haydock and run a week later. With McDonald in the saddle he went off at odds of 13/2 in a seventeen-runner field, carrying top weight of 136 pounds. He started slowly but made ground steadily in the last quarter mile, caught the leader Stake Acclaim in the final strides, and won by a short head. On 21 October Donjuan Triumphant was moved back up to Group 1 class for the British Champions Sprint Stakes at Ascot but made little impact and finished eighth of the twelve runners behind Librisa Breeze.
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But the list of environmental costs of food production is a long one: topsoil depletion, erosion and conversion to desert from constant tillage of annual crops; overgrazing; salinization; sodification; waterlogging; high levels of fossil fuel use; reliance on inorganic fertilisers and synthetic organic pesticides; reductions in genetic diversity by the mass use of monocultures; water resource depletion; pollution of waterbodies by run-off and groundwater contamination; social problems including the decline of family farms and weakening of rural communities.Tudge (2004). All of these environmental problems associated with industrial agriculture and agribusiness are now being addressed through such movements as sustainable agriculture, organic farming and more sustainable business practices.World Business Council for Sustainable Development This web site has multiple articles on WBCSD contributions to sustainable development.
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On 12 June she followed up in a minor handicap race at Windsor, taking a clear advantage in the final furlong and winning "comfortably" by three quarters of a length. Twelve days later she was matched against older fillies and mares in a handicap at Haydock Park and won "readily", coming home two and a quarter lengths in front of the four-year-old MIdnight Malibu at odds of 10/11. Following a break of over three months, Mabs Cross returned to the track and was moved up in class to contest the inaugural running of the Listed Arran Stakes at Musselburgh Racecourse on 9 October. The race was intended to be run at Ayr in September but was rescheduled when the meeting was abandoned owing to waterlogging.
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Following those successes, Venkataraman developed a tri- species hybrid by crossing S. spontaneum and S. officinarum with Saccharum barberi, a North Indian variety which Barber had researched. The resulting hybrid, Co. 244, became commercially cultivated in Uttar Pradesh. Subsequently, tetra-species hybrids were also produced after a fourth parent, Saccharum robustum, was incorporated into the breeding programme. The hybrid cultivars, with a sugar content nearly 35 times that of their parent stocks, were soon recognised for being fast-maturing, for their ease of propagation and their resistance to waterlogging, drought and the red rot (Glomerella tucumanensis) and sereh diseases. In 1918, Venkataraman was promoted to full gazetted rank; he succeeded Barber as head of the Institute the following year, initially in an acting capacity while the British Indian government attempted to locate a European replacement to serve as director.
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Between Querceta (Serravezza) and the Vaiana area, where Forte dei Marmi is currently located, there was a road that represented one of the axes of the Roman land centuriation (This road was later called "Via delle mordure", and to this day it bears this name). Vaiana is mentioned in a document from 794 AD that registers the sale of a piece of land then called "Vaiano", where it was later discovered that there were springs that contributed to the waterlogging of the nearby countrysides. In 1515 the marble quarries of the Versilian municipalities were donated to the Medici family; consequently new quarries were opened and a new road was laid out to bring the marble blocks down to the sea, where a pier was built. In the mid-17th century, the Medici government decided to divert the flow of the river Versilia, to avoid the flooding of the town of Pietrasanta.
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A large proportion of the juvenile and amateur teams in the Glasgow and Rutherglen/Cambuslang areas who do not have a permanent home ground of their own now play their fixtures at the complex (including the revived Third Lanark) due to the quality of the surface and the low chance of cancellation due to weather conditions (although the outdoor parks are susceptible to waterlogging in heavy rain). In 2012 the controlling company faced criticism from youth teams’ representatives over prices rises at Toryglen. Minor international matches such as Scotland women's under-17 and Centenary Shield (schoolboy) fixtures have been played there, and professional teams have trained at the facility when their usual training grounds were unavailable during times of bad weather. The outdoor pitches have hosted semi- finals of the Scottish Women's Cup, while the final of the 2011 competition was staged indoors at the venue.
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In the early years, many projects encountered problems: lands or soils included in projects were unsuitable for irrigation; land speculation sometimes resulted in poor settlement patterns; proposed repayment schedules could not be met by irrigators who had high land-preparation and facilities- construction costs; settlers were inexperienced in irrigation farming; waterlogging of irrigable lands required expensive drainage projects; and projects were built in areas which could only grow low-value crops. In 1923 the agency was renamed the "Bureau of Reclamation".The Bureau of Reclamation: A Very Brief History, Bureau of Reclamation In 1924, however, in the face of increasing settler unrest and financial woes, the "Fact Finder's Report" spotlighted major problematic issues; the Fact Finders Act in late 1924 sought to resolve some of these problems. In 1928 Congress authorized the Boulder Canyon (Hoover Dam) Project, and large appropriations began, for the first time, to flow to Reclamation from the general funds of the United States.
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The saline water generated from the irrigated lands and the industrial effluents are collected by the LBOD canal network from the lower reaches of the Old Nara river or Puran river to discharge by gravity flow to the sea. Also bore wells are used to pump saline water in to the LBOD or the Old Nara river streams to depress the saline ground water level at safe depth or prevent waterlogging. As most of the cultivated lands are located on the left side of the Indus river, LBOD would be the predominant means of discharging the river salt load to the sea once the Indus river waters are fully put to use without letting the Indus river water overflow to the sea from the Kotri barrage which is the last barrage across the river. Effective usage of LBOD is crucial to preserve/enhance the soil fertility in lower reaches of Indus basin area or Sind province or Indus River Delta for discharging adequate salt load to the sea.
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