There were willow trees, summer houses, immaculate sun-drenched lawns, water-meadows where cattle stood hock-deep in the river, dazed by the heat.
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Its lovely water meadows echoed in 1775 with the "shot heard around the world", in Ralph Waldo Emerson's phrase, at the start of the revolutionary war.
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The stream has long since burst inside my head, the banks collapsed, the water meadows drowned, the mesh of overhanging branches bowed with plastic voodoo junk and hanks of wool.
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The old water meadows with the remains of brickwork and irrigation channels Lower Woodford Water Meadows () is a 23.9 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire, notified in 1971.
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Britford Water Meadows Britford Water Meadows () is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest at Britford, south of Salisbury in Wiltshire. It has an area of and was notified in 1975.
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The river meanders across water meadows between Letheringsett and Glandford.
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The water meadow at Magdalen College, Oxford, is an island in the river Cherwell A water-meadow (also water meadow or watermeadow) is an area of grassland subject to controlled irrigation to increase agricultural productivity. Water-meadows were mainly used in Europe from the 16th to the early 20th centuries. Working water-meadows have now largely disappeared, but the field patterns and water channels of derelict water-meadows remain common in areas where they were used, such as parts of Northern Italy, Switzerland and England. Derelict water-meadows are often of importance as wetland wildlife habitats.
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In the past the meadows around Easton Farm, were managed traditionally as 'floated' water meadows.
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The name "callows" is an anglicisation of the Irish word caladh which means "water meadows".
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The complex mixture of wet and drier ground often gives derelict water-meadows particularly high wetland biodiversity.
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Kip's West prospect of Gloucester, c. 1725, emphasises the causeway and bridges traversing the water meadows of the floodplain.
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The potential natural vegetation (pnV) is birch and oak-pine woods, with alder and ash woods in the water meadows.
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Water meadows above Cookham Wooded hillsides by the river Before the streams split above the lock, the river is crossed by Cookham Bridge. Along the reach on the Buckinghamshire bank is Bourne End where the River Wye joins the Thames. Bourne End Railway Bridge, which includes a footbridge, crosses the river here. Along the Berkshire bank there are water meadows.
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Woodford is approximately in size. On a hill slope southwest of Druid's Head, there is a large and old enclosure that was formed by a bank. Lower Woodford Water Meadows is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Lower Woodford, notified in 1971. Of the working water-meadows in southern England that are associated with chalk streams, the best is situated at Lower Woodford.
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Wicksteed Park is a 14.2 hectare nature reserve in Barton Seagrave, on the eastern outskirts of Kettering in Northamptonshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. This site is in two areas, Wicksteed Water Meadows and Castle Field. Water meadows are flooded by people for agricultural purposes, unlike flood meadows which are under water when river levels are high.
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Barn in Peasmarsh Barn in Peasmarsh Farmhouse in Peasmarsh There is also a C of E church; St Michael's. The water meadows form the Wey Valley SSSI.
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In its introduced European range, it lives in more open habitat than in its native range, around the edges lakes, water meadows, and cultivated areas with woods nearby.
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Immediately to the north of the Cherwell Boathouse is Wolfson College and to the south is the Dragon School. On the opposite bank to the east are water-meadows.
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It is also the point of departure for seasonal ferries to the Scolt Head Island National Nature Reserve. To the east of the Burnham Overy creek, the former salt marshes between dry land and the sand dunes have been reclaimed to form fresh water meadows, part of the Holkham estate. A long footpath links Burnham Overy Staithe to the sand-dunes and beach, running along the crest of the embankment which protects these water meadows from the creek.
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It has two lakes, water meadows and woodland, some of which is seasonally flooded. There is a wide variety of birds, and mammals include otters, shrews and bats. There is access from Carlton Road.
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Other species include great crested grebe, swallow, mallard, pied wagtail, coot, Canada goose, rook, and sheep graze in the surrounding water meadows. Black swans, presumably escapees from captivity can often be seen on the water.
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Flora include great burnet and marsh marigold, and there are also grass snakes. There is public access to Castle Field on the south side of Barton Road but not the water meadows on the north side.
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Water-meadows should not be confused with flood-meadows, which are naturally covered in shallow water by seasonal flooding from a river. "Water-meadow" is sometimes used more loosely to mean any level grassland beside a river.
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Boxford Water Meadows is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Boxford in Berkshire. It is part of the Kennet & Lambourn Floodplain Special Area of Conservation. The site comprises disused water meadows and flood pastures in the valley of the River Lambourn. Recorded flora include seventeen species of grass, seven of sedge and seventy-six of grassland herb, some of which are characteristic of ancient meadows which have not been improved or disturbed, such as devil's-bit scabious, water avens and Blysmus compressus, which is an uncommon flat-sedge.
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A small reservoir was formed, which flooded the water meadows in front of Bobenthal. Following complaints by the abbot, Hans tore down the dam as planned and caused a huge flood in Weissenburg that devastated the town economically.
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Large areas in the vicinity of Uelzen have been set aside as nature parks with moors, woods, lakes, and heathland: the Elbhöhen-Wendland Nature Park, Lüneburg Heath Nature Park and Lower Saxon Elbe Valley Water Meadows Biosphere Reserve.
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Robert Waller was living at the house when he remarried in 1970, after Olave's death in 1966. In 1973 the site came up for sale once again, advertised as also having three cottages, wooded gardens and water meadows.
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The name "Keyhaven" means ‘Harbour where cows are shipped’; OE cū (genitive cȳ) + hæfen. Cattle and sheep were transported from the Isle of Wight to the water meadows of the Avon around Christchurch.D. MILLS. "Keyhaven." A Dictionary of British Place-Names.
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Coley Park is an area of south-west Reading, bounded to the north by the Berkeley Avenue and the older district of Coley, to the south and east by the Holy Brook and the water meadows of the Kennet Valley, and to the west by the Reading to Basingstoke railway line, the now disused Coley branch line and the suburb of Southcote. Besides the water meadows, there are two public open spaces within the suburb, Courage Park and Coley Park Recreation Ground. Coley Park lies entirely within the borough of Reading, within Minster ward. It is within the Reading West parliamentary constituency.
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To ensure that the many bird species continue to thrive there, there is no access onto the reserve. The reserve consists of two pools both surrounded by water meadows and reed beds. A huge variety of birds has been recorded there over the years.
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Some south of the junction are Tumbling Bay Hatches, originally used to control levels in the water meadows to the east of the river. A modern sluice was installed just to the north of the 19th century hatches in 1971, and controls flow to the Twyford Drain, the main channel to the east of the navigation, which follows the river channel almost to Shawford Bridge. Modern maps, however, label the drain as the River Itchen.Ordnance Survey, 1:25,000 map, 2012 A leat from this stretch was created at around the time of the construction of the canal to provide water for the Twyford Mead water meadows.
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That it has been used as a feeder channel for a water meadow system is beyond question. The telltale surface patterns of water meadows can still be made out in places from the path along the Canal, and are even clearer from Google Earth images. Further, the remains of a couple of the sluices through which water was admitted from the Canal to the water meadows can still be seen, and 19th century 1:2500 maps show a dozen more. What is less clear is when the New River was built and by whom, and whether it was ever used as a navigation channel.
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It uses the Oxford Canal Walk for 4 miles north to Shipton-on-Cherwell, then heads south-east across the water meadows of the River Cherwell to Hampton Poyle and Gosford. The path then crosses the corallian limestone hills of Elsfield and Beckley to return to Shotover.
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The main river in the district is the Elbe, which meanders through water meadows. The landscape is dominated by three heath areas, the Dahlener Heide (150 km²) in the south, the Düben Heath (110 km²) in the northwest, and partially the Annaburger Heide in the east.
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The river valley is largely drained and used as grassland with some arable use at Sibton. Some peat deposits are present. The valley has a narrow floodplain with water meadows and has largely been drained using a system of dykes.Valley meadows & fens, Suffolk Landscape Character Typology, Suffolk County Council.
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Vauxhall Fields, also known as Vauxhall Meadows, are water meadows to the northwest of Monmouth town centre, Wales. The River Monnow borders the meadows on two sides. The meadows have generally remained free of development. The area has been prone to flooding on many occasions over the years.
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In 1330, the island was submerged, then reappeared a few years later. However, the monastery had entirely disappeared, carried away by the waves. The island disappeared again in 1597, only to reappear in 1641. It disappeared for good in 1740, and is now lost in the water meadows of Vatteville.
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From the Schlossberg hill it grazes the borough of Homburg at Kirrberg. In the town of Zweibrücken the route crosses the Schwarzbach stream and enters the water meadows of its left tributary, the Hornbach. It follows this stream uphill and finally reaches its eponymous pilgrimage village coming from the north.
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The main crops grown were wheat, barley, oats and peas.Husain, pp. 33–34 Very little meadow was recorded in the Domesday survey; the majority lay in river valleys and probably represented water meadows. Though not mentioned in the survey, cattle, pigs and sheep were presumably the main livestock at this date.
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The south front of Wolfeton House Wolfeton House (sometimes Wolveton House) is an early Tudor and Elizabethan manor house in Dorset, England. It is situated amongst water-meadows north-west of Dorchester not far from the confluence of the rivers Frome and Cerne. It is near to the village of Charminster.
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Denaby Ings are a nature reserve on the River Dearne, encompassing an area of 23 hectares north of Denaby Main, Doncaster, South Yorkshire, near the town of Mexborough. The Trans Pennine Trail passes here. The habitats include open water, water meadows, woodland scrub and hedgerows. Birdwatching is a popular activity there.
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Dutch experts like Cornelius Vermuyden brought some of this technology to Britain. Water-meadows were utilised in the late 16th to the 20th centuries and allowed earlier pasturing of livestock after they were wintered on hay. This increased livestock yields, giving more hides, meat, milk, and manure as well as better hay crops.
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The Schwennigke, also Schwenke, is a river in Saxony, Germany, and a left-hand tributary of the Schnauder. It rises in the Gleinaer Grund and runs from Tröglitz for a distance of about through the Elster water meadows parallel to the White Elster, before emptying into the Schnauder at Audigast near Groitzsch.
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The Eiswoog is a reservoir, roughly six hectares in area, on the Eisbach stream, locally also called die Eis, in the German state of Rhineland- Palatinate. It is oriented from south to north in the water meadows near the source of the stream in part of the northern Palatinate Forest known as the Stumpfwald.
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Beyond the river, Mansbridge takes on a much more rural air, with woodland to the south and water meadows to the north. The neighbouring areas are Swaythling to the west, Townhill Park to the south, and Chartwell Green to the east. A strip of green belt land separates Mansbridge from Eastleigh to the north.
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In the Fagus Factory in Alfeld, built by Walter Gropius in the Bauhaus style, there are changing exhibitions. Somewhat further north is the castle of Marienburg, built in the middle of the 19th century in the neogothic style. The route then continues on into the North German Plain through the water meadows of the Leine to Hanover.
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Fischbach lies in the southern part of the Palatine Forest, the German part of the Wasgau region, near the Franco-German border and in the heart of the cross-border Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve. The Biosphere House and its grounds are on the eastern edge of the municipality on the water meadows of the Saarbach stream.
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Derelict water-meadows can be transformed into wildlife protection and conservation areas by repairing the irrigation, as is the case of Josefov Meadows in the Czech Republic. By imitating the natural river flooding which is rare in modern straightened and dammed rivers, a rich biodiversity can be restored and attract and sustain many rare and protected wetland species.
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It lies close to Titchfield Haven, concealed by a bridge with the remains of a sea-lock at the south end. A footpath follows the canal to Titchfield village. It was certainly used for flooding the water meadows, traces of which can still be clearly seen. Whether it was ever used as a navigation channel is still debated.
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The northern part of the park features a small nature reserve. The original park design featured riverside plantings and rustic bridges over the Ravensbourne. Since the land was originally water meadows, and therefore liable to flooding, extensive work was done prior to the park’s opening and, over time, the river channel was straightened, widened and weirs added.
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Flood-meadow near Hohenau an der March The same meadow in spring A flood- meadow (or floodmeadow) is an area of grassland or pasture beside a river, subject to seasonal flooding. Flood-meadows are distinct from water-meadows in that the latter are artificially created and maintained, with flooding controlled on a seasonal and even daily basis.
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Its origin has been disputed. Though it resembles the structure of an Iron Age hillfort, its location is not typical: there is rising ground to the west and north. It is simply not on a hill. To the east there would have been marshy ground and water-meadows – from the various streams feeding the Stour, now drained and channelled.
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Hockley Meadows is a nature reserve south of Winchester in Hampshire. It is managed by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust. It is part of the River Itchen SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest) and Special Area of Conservation. This site has water meadows, a stream, willow carr, reedbeds and grassland, which is maintained by cattle grazing.
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The garden at Asthall Manor covers . It was created for the current owners of Asthall by Julian and Isobel Bannerman (best known for their work for Prince Charles at Highgrove House) and includes traditional gardens of herbaceous borders and lawns, contemporary parterres and areas of wild woodland and wildflowers running down to water- meadows by the River Windrush.
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The northern (and, respectively, eastern) borders of Blackwater are a mixture of water-meadows and roads to Berkshire (Bracknell Forest) and Surrey (Surrey Heath). The town is centred west of Camberley, NNW of Farnborough, and east of Basingstoke. As with that much larger town, Camberley and Bagshot, it straddles the A30 road. It is centred west-southwest of London.
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Magna Carta Island is an ait in the River Thames in England, on the reach above Bell Weir Lock. It is in Berkshire facing water-meadows forming Runnymede. Its civil and ecclesiastical parish is Wraysbury so it was transferred from Buckinghamshire to Berkshire in 1974. The island is a contender for being the place where, in 1215, King John sealed Magna Carta.
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154 It is still used locally in Greater Manchester to indicate former water meadows and flood basins adjoining the River Mersey: Chorlton Ees, Sale Ees and Stretford Ees. The term is also modified to "eye" and "eea" in the name of Park Eye (or Park Eea).Lloyd, John M. (1972) The Township of Chorlton-cum- Hardy. Manchester: E. J. Morten ; pp.
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Woodpigeons and rooks pick at the stubble, and aquatic birds such as oystercatchers forage in the water meadows. The result is a fertile area of land providing varied habitats. The beaches are made up of shingle and there are rock pools along the shoreline at low tide. From 2019, the entire coastline of the South Downs National Park is a Marine Conservation Zone.
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31 et seq. The town centre itself is sited on a low-lying spur between the floodplains of the Wye and Monnow, and has frequently suffered from severe flooding. The water- meadows to the north and south of the town centre, known respectively as Vauxhall Fields and Chippenham Mead, have generally remained free of development.Edenvale Young: Monmouth Strategic Flood Risk Mapping .
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The normal route runs from the Zillergrund to the north of the Napfspitze, beginning from the inn on the water meadows. Initially, it heads south towards Mitterjoch through the Sundergrund bottom. It then forks off this road at the upper level beneath the col called the Oberlangleben. It then continues, trackless and unmarked, over extensive, boulder-strewn mountainside to the summit area.
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The Railway Walks is a 25.3 hectare Local Nature Reserve which runs along parts of a former railway line between Sudbury and Lavenham in Suffolk. It is owned and managed by Suffolk County Council. The walk has diverse fauna and flora in habitats such as water meadows, streams, ditches and ponds. Birds include willow warblers, kingfishers, woodpeckers, mallards, moorhens and swans.
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Finally, the "Diccionario Geográfico-Histórico de España (1845-1850)" states that the town's municipal archives hold a letter dated January 20, 1201 sent by King Alfonso VIII from Burgos. In the letter it was declared that the inhabitants of Getaria had the right to pasture, water, meadows and forests. Therefore, it is clear that Getaria was founded by the kings of Navarre.
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Amerongen () is a village in the central Netherlands (Utrecht province) on the border of the Utrecht Hill Ridge. It lies about 7 km south west of Veenendaal (10.5 km by road). The landscape rises from the flat water meadows of the Nederrijn (Lower Rhine) to the Utrecht Hill Ridge ("Utrechtse Heuvelrug"). The highest point in the western Netherlands is located 2 km east of the village.
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Leerdam received city rights in 1407. The small river Linge, bordered by beautiful water meadows, defines the atmosphere and tone of the landscape. Several centuries ago Leerdam formed a part of the Vijfheerenlanden domain, before it was raised to the level of County in 1498. In 1551, Leerdam, together with Acquoy, became property of the House of Orange and part of the County of Holland.
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David Charles Read, 1835 oil landscape of Britford Water Meadows In early days, Read engraved plates for a Pilgrim's Progress published by William Sharp at Romsey (1816–17), and other works. He worked mainly in the open air. In 1826 he began etching, and produced plates to 1844: the total number of his etchings is 237. Sixteen of those were portraits; the rest are landscapes.
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The suburb of New Hinksey was developed in the 19th century. Until then the area was covered by water meadows. New Hinksey was in Berkshire, in the parish of South Hinksey, until 1889, when it was absorbed into the city of Oxford.Page & Ditchfield, 1924, pages 408-410 It remained in the ecclesiastical parish of South Hinksey, which is now called the parish of South with New Hinksey.
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St. Mary's Church is situated on rising ground to the east of the village, overlooking the water meadows that lead down to the River Mimram. A church seems to have stood on this spot as early as the 13th century. Construction is mainly of local flints with stone dressing, and the roof is tiled. Extensive alterations and restorations were carried out in 1845 and 1890.
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Old Rectory Meadows is a 7.9 hectare Site of Special Scientific Interest in Denham in Buckinghamshire. This site on the bank of the River Misbourne has wet alluvial and water meadows, marsh and alder carr woodland. It has plants which are rare in the county such as marsh arrowgrass, and its irregular structure provides a suitable habitat for insects. It is private land with no public access.
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An irregular motte, built on a small rocky hillock, surrounded by water meadows that would originally have been a wide marsh called Marais d’Orgueil. Surrounded by a moat the castle has a weak and crudely built external stone wall with an inner and outer bailey built in the 13th-century. The re- fortification in the 18th-century saw walls built in the format we see today.
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The rivers flowed in an area where much land was periodically flooded. These rich grass 'meersen' ("water-meadows": a word related to the English 'marsh') were ideally suited for herding sheep, the wool of which was used for making cloth. During the Middle Ages Ghent was the leading city for cloth. The wool industry, originally established at Bruges, created the first European industrialized zone in Ghent in the High Middle Ages.
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The fort lies at a height of on the northern slopes of the 402-metre-high Nestelberg. Around 370 metres to the north, on the other side of a saddle-shaped side valley, is Berwartstein Castle. In the west, where it branches off the main valley formed by the water meadows of the Erlenbach, the side valley broadens into a bowl that is known locally as the Leichenfeld ("corpse field").
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It is found in meadows, wasteground, road verges, hayfields and rough grassland.Philips, Page 72 Found throughout the United Kingdom, it is common in England on the moist soils of water meadows; it is rare in Scotland, Ireland and Wales.Hubbard, Page 85 It is found naturally throughout Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. It has been introduced into North America and in the United States is known as 'Hairy Chess'.
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The Giant Cask on St.-Michaels-Allee 1 is northeast of the old town in the water meadows of the Isenach stream on the western edge of the 45,000 m² Brühlwiesen meadows. Every year on the second and third week in September the Dürkheim Wurstmarkt (lit.: "sausage market") takes place on these fields. The Wurstmarkt is the biggest wine festival in the world, playing host to over 600,000 visitors.
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The path crosses a variety of rural and urban landscapes. These include watercress beds and water meadows along the upper river, the historic centre of Winchester and the Iron-Age fort of St Catherine's Hill. Along other parts of the route are remains of the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway including Hockley Railway Viaduct, and former locks on the Navigation. Landmarks further south include Southampton Airport and the Itchen toll Bridge.
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The line then passed through the Forest of Bere before heading across the water-meadows at Wickham on an embankment. The embankment crossed the River Meon itself, requiring the river to be taken through a long brick skew tunnel. The embankment also effectively divided the village of Wickham in two, with two new bridges providing the only means of crossing under the railway. This remains the case today.
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Since Roman times and perhaps earlier, the isostatic rebound from the weight of previous ice sheets, and its interplay with the eustatic change in sea level, have resulted in the old valley of the River Brent, together with that of the Thames, silting up again. Thus, along much of the Brent's present-day course, one can make out the water-meadows of rich alluvium, which is augmented by frequent floods.
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Many of the water meadows are rich in pignut (Conopodium majus), a relative of parsley, which formed a breaktime snack for children in former times. The plant is dug up to harvest a small potato-like structure that, eaten raw, has a slightly nutty taste. It is available commercially for salads, etc. Hemlock water dropwort grows well in the wetter areas and is best left alone as the name hemlock suggests.
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Redbourn was for a long time the centre of a farming community and for a time had a successful watercress business on the water meadows of the River Ver. Just south of the village, flour was ground at Redbournbury Mill, a recently restored watermill. Silk throwing was carried out at the steam-driven Woollam's Mill near Redbourn Common. The mill was taken over by John Mangrove & Son, but closed in 1938.
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The giant ibis is a lowland bird that occurs in marshes, swamps, lakes, wide rivers, flooded plains and semi-open forests as well as pools, ponds and seasonal water-meadows in denser deciduous forest. It generally is found in lowlands. One bird was collected in a Malay paddyfield. Formerly the giant ibis was believed to breed in eastern Thailand, central and northern Cambodia, southern Laos and southern Vietnam.
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To the west it borders the West Lancashire borough, and to the north it borders the Chorley borough, both in Lancashire. Wigan borough has seven Local Nature Reserves: including Wigan Flashes LNR, Borsdane Wood LNR, between Hindley and Aspull, Greenslate Water Meadows LNR within Orrell Water Park in Orrell, Low Hall LNR between Hindley and Platt Bridge, Pennington Flash LNR, Kirkless LNR at Ince and Three Sisters LNR, Ashton-In-Makerfield.
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In 1929, areas between Aken and Tochheim were put under protection. These areas were the predecessors of the Steckby-Lödderitzer Forst conservation area. The Steckby-Lödderitzer Forst was recognized as a Biosphere Reserve by the UNESCO in 1979, and in 1988 it was extended by wide areas around Dessau and Wörlitz. With the addition of further areas of water meadows, it became the Biosphere Reserve Middle Elbe in 1990.
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Pont Gynon in the snow A stone, single-lane bridge crosses the River Nevern and adjacent water meadows to the north of the hamlet. The bridge is named Pontgynon (also recorded as Pantgynon or Pontcynon) and has existed at least since the early 17th century, but has been rebuilt since. The bridge and a 19th-century boundary stone set into the parapet were Grade II listed in 1997.
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River modifications such as dredging and widening slow the current, allow silt to accumulate and smother the gravel riverbed. Changes in the land use adjacent to the river can also have impact. Water meadows have been replaced by arable fields and building developments, altering drainage patterns and causing pollution. Abstraction of water from the underlying chalk aquifer reduces river flows and lowers the river's ability to tolerate drought.
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Farming of the water meadows continued until around 1930, after the closure of the navigation itself. It was a labour-intensive method of land management, but the controlled flooding of the meadows, with the deposition of silt from the water, enabled the land to produce two crops of hay per year, as well as grazing for sheep and cattle. Demonstrations of the techniques used to flood the meadows are still carried out occasionally.
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New River runs through King's Meads King's Meads is a nature reserve in Ware in Hertfordshire. It is managed by the Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust, and with an area of 96 hectares it is the largest of the Trust's reserves. The site has been registered by the Trust as Common land, but the registration for some areas was disallowed due to objections. The site is water meadows which are subject to flooding in winter.
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Uelzen lies on the eastern edge of the Lüneburg Heath. The town is a transport hub on the north–south axis from Hamburg to Hanover as well as the east–west axis from Bremen to Berlin. Also of economic importance is its location on the Elbe Lateral Canal. The town has a charming setting, situated as it is on the heath river, the Ilmenau, with its grassy river banks, small parks, and water meadows.
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The Lock is painted in oil on canvas. It depicts a working rural scene from Suffolk, as a figure struggles to open a canal gate at Dedham Lock near Flatford Mill in Suffolk to allow a lighter barge to progress on the River Stour. There is a distant view of Dedham church across the quintessentially English water meadows The scene is set under a towering tree and a dramatic, cloud-filled sky.
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The court may declare parts of the contract as unlawful. If there is no contract, common law (also called case law) comes to apply. The decisions on who was allowed to judge on grazing rights cases were different in the Middle Ages, which reasoned in tradition and in the natural resources in each area, such as water, meadows, lawns and others. Some peasants wrote their own statute, like Poljica republic in 1440.
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They are popular in the summer, particularly in Queen Elizabeth Gardens, as the water there is shallow and slow-flowing enough to enter safely. Close to Queen Elizabeth Gardens are water-meadows, where the water is controlled by weirs. Because of the low-lying land, the rivers are prone to flooding, particularly during the winter months. The Town Path, a walkway that links Harnham with the rest of the city, is at times impassable.
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The best known park in Bayreuth is that of the "Eremitage" (Hermitage) in the district of St. Johannis. With a total area of almost 50 hectares it is the largest park in Bayreuth. Bayreuth has been chosen to host the Bavarian Country Garden Show in 2016.Bayerischer Rundfunk: Bayreuth bekommt die Landesgartenschau 2016 For this reason another park called was built on the Main water meadows between the Volksfestplatz and the A9 motorway.
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Forty-three pieces of Iron Age pottery have been found close by the church, indicating that occupation continued in this area. By the first century AD the people of Norfolk and north Suffolk had become a single tribe, the Iceni, and coins of this age inscribed IC.DURO.T are reported to have been found in Tasburgh. Chapel Hill, a knoll in the water meadows west of Tasburgh Hall, has produced extensive evidence of ancient burials.
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Originally water meadows and agricultural fields straddling both sides of the River Nene, the site has been transformed significantly in recent history. The first such intervention was the construction of the Northampton to Peterborough Railway, which opened in 1845. During its construction, ironstone was discovered in the Nene Valley. Following the outbreak of World War I, in 1916, the Ebbw Vale Mining Company commenced operations, producing around 6000 tons of ore per week.
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In the 7th century, Surrey passed into the hands of King Caedwalla of Wessex, who also conquered Kent and Sussex, and founded a monastery at Farnham in 686.Kirby, The Earliest English Kings, pp. 102–103. It was the Saxons who gave the town its name—Farnham is listed as Fearnhamme in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Fearn refers to the fern and bracken of the land and Hamme to the water meadows.
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In the summer this species nests in lowland regions with areas of water, meadows and woods, with winter roosts also occurring in the foothills of mountains. The record for the altitude of a M. dasycneme roost is 1000 meters above sea level, with winter roosts not normally occurring more than 300 meters above sea level. Summer roosts are mostly in roof spaces or church towers, with individuals sometimes found nesting in hollow trees.
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Bransbury Common Bransbury common is a large stretch of common land between Bransbury and Newton Stacey. It is classified as a SSSI and a nature conservation area. It consists of broadleaved, mixed, and yew woodland, fenland, marshland, swamp, and has the river Dever joining the river Test. It consists of 392 acres of common land and disused water meadows embracing a remarkable range of grass and sedgeland that is probably unparalleled in southern England.
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The northern part of the parish has water meadows and the River Nadder. The village is bypassed by the A3094 road which links Quidhampton with Harnham, providing a southwestern ring road for Salisbury. Unlike the rest of the Salisbury ring road that is formed of the A36, the A3094 runs through the outer suburbs of Salisbury rather than encircling the city centre. To the west the parish borders the Wilton House estate.
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The narrow-headed vole is distributed across the tundra region of northern Europe and Asia from the White Sea to the Kolyma River. It also occurs as separate populations on the steppes of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, southwestern Siberia, the Sakha Republic, Mongolia and northern China. It is also found in Alaska. Its typical habitat is grassy plains, semi- deserts, open grassy areas in forests, alpine meadows and water meadows at altitudes of up to .
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Hitzacker is situated at the confluence of the River Jeetzel with the Elbe. Whilst the so-called Elbe Heights (Elbhöhen, also Klötzie), at the southeastern foot of which Hitzacker lies, belong to the natural region of the Lüneburg Heath (c.f. the Drawehn), the lowland areas of the old town belong to the Elbe valley water meadows (Elbtalaue). Its height varies from at the Jeetzel confluence to on the hill of Weinberg in the Klötzie.
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The water is clean and unpolluted and the river flows through unspoilt countryside with moorland, water meadows and pastureland. Some stretches are fast-flowing while others are slow and meandering. There are abundant bream, rudd and tench in some parts, and perch and pike are also plentiful. To prevent flooding at Ballinasloe, a weir was erected in 1885 immediately above the four-arch bridge, with draw-doors which can be raised when there is an approaching flood.
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Between Haagen and Tumringen was the canal of Haagener Mühleteich or Röttler Teich. Haagen and Rötteln owe the establishment of spinning and weaving mills to the existence of the Mühlenteich aqueduct. The former Steinen Mühleteich has been recorded since the 14th century, and ran from the present Steinen Waterworks through Steinen to just before . In the Middle Ages, the aqueduct supplied water power for mills and sawmills, as well as water for water meadows and cattle.
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The Harpur Trust was established by Sir William Harpur (c.1496–1574). Harpur was a merchant from Bedford who became Lord Mayor of London in 1561. He was knighted in the following year. Sir William and his wife, Dame Alice, gave an endowment which consisted of some property in Bedford and of water-meadows which are now Holborn. It was to support free schooling, dowries for poor maidens and “poore chylders ther to be nurryshed and enformed”.
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The Stadtpark (municipal park) is by the Pegnitz and there is a gradual transition to the water meadows further down the river. As well as paths and park benches, the park offers duck ponds, a children's playground, a minigolf course, a rose garden, a grassland orchard laid out in 2001, a few statues, and a botanical educational (school project) garden. In the latter half of 2004 the Südstadtpark, on a former barracks, was opened to the public.
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Populus alba Pyramidalis White poplar requires abundant light and ample moisture, and stands up well to flood water and slightly acidic soils. Its green-and-white leaves make it an effective ornamental tree, but the root suckers may cause problems in some situations. It is very attractive as an open-grown tree in water meadows, and because of its extensive root system and tolerance of salt, is also planted to strengthen coastal sand dunes.Vedel, H., & Lange, J. (1960).
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A valuable habitat has been generated on the Große Aue for plants and animals typical of water meadows. In the wet biotopes and in the standing and flowing waters there are grass rushes, water violets and blister sedges as well as short-winged coneheads and large marsh grasshoppers. Threatened dragonflies, such as the banded darter, southern emerald damselfly live here as do birds like the whitethroat and little grebe. Reed buntings, reed warblers and snipe also occur here.
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The former estate was allocated for industrial development and the area was dominated by a mixture of unattractive and run-down sheds and workshops. It had soon spread to cover the once agriculturally vital water meadows. The Tramway estate was in decline and the Canalside estate was a mess, until the implementation of redevelopment plans in 1999–2001. With the arrival of the M40 motorway and the further growth of the town eastwards, the industrial area was inconveniently placed.
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The western part of the Landscape Area is formed by the Morava River and mainly consists of vast riparian zones and floodplains. This area is well preserved because it had been a strictly prohibited border between the Eastern Bloc and the Western Bloc for 40 years, known as the Iron Curtain. The area contains the largest water-meadows in Slovakia. The riparian forests, mainly in Horný les and Dolný les, contain trees similar to the original old growth forests.
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Kabli Nature Reserve is a nature reserve situated in south-western Estonia, in Pärnu County. A birdwatching tower was built here in 1969, and the area was designated a protected area in 1991. In 2007, the area was granted a higher degree of protection. The rich bird-life continues to be the main reason for these protective measures, as the coastal waters and fragile water meadows lining the Gulf of Riga here is an important stopover for migratory birds.
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Four years before demolition, two water turbines of and diameter were installed, and were retained after the demise of the mill, in the hope that they could be used to generate DC power for the village. Several community groups were looking at the possibility of restoring the water turbines to generate electricity. The next lock is Conegar Lock, which was also called Stoke Conegar or Coneygear Lock. Just above it are some hatches which supplied water to the adjacent water meadows.
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The reserve is close to Sapperton and Frampton Mansell, and about two miles east of Chalford. It lies south of two other nature reserves: Siccaridge Wood and Daneway Banks, the latter a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The Sapperton Valley reserve is a long ribbon of canal bank, water meadows and woodland by the disused former Thames and Severn Canal. The River Frome runs parallel to the old canal and is the boundary to the reserve on its south side.
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Daubuz Moors is a nature reserve near the centre of Truro, in Cornwall, England. The land was given to the citizens of Truro in 1977 by the Rev. C. Enys of the Enys Estate to celebrate the Queen's Silver Jubilee and the centenary of the city of Truro. Its 18 acres of former water meadows are managed by Truro City Council and a team of volunteers to maintain a diversity of habitats including a stream, flower-rich wetlands, wildflower meadows and Cornish hedges.
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Corpi Santi formally became a comune in the 18th century, and in the 20th century it was annexed to Milan. Until the early decades of the 20th century, Barona was an agricultural area, characterized by water-meadows established by the Benedictine monks. After World War I the district quickly turned into an urban and industrial area. In the 1960s, the Barona district received much media attention as it was the scene of many killings by far left-wing terrorist Cesare Battisti.
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European mink by a pond The European mink does not form large territories, possibly due to the abundance of food on the banks of small water bodies. The size of each territory varies according to the availability of food; in areas with water meadows with little food, the home range is , though it is more usual for territories to be . Summer territories are smaller than winter territories. Along shorelines, the length of a home range varies from , with a width of .
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The site lies some 120 km south of the provincial capital of Khorugh, and 52 km from the district centre of Ishkashim, in the Shohdara Range of the southern Pamir Mountains. It encompasses a part of the southern slopes of the Shohdaras, the upper Vakhan valley, and the floodplain of the Panj River 10 km downstream from the confluence of the Pamir and Vahandara Rivers. There the Panj is braided, forming water meadows, pebbly shoals and sandy islands covered with tugay thickets.
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"Cottingham" is thought to derive from both British and Saxon root words: "Cot" from Ket, relating to the deity Ceridwen; ing a water meadow; and ham meaning home; the name corresponding to "habitation in the water meadows of Ket". The name has also been suggested to derive from a man's name "Cotta" plus -inga- (OE belonging to/named after) and ham; corresponding to "habitation of cotta's people". Archaic spellings include Cotingeham (Domesday, 1086), and Cotingham (Charter, 1156; John Leland, 1770).
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Britford Water Meadows Britford has a Church of England primary school, built in 1959 to replace a National School which opened in 1853. On 1 April 2010 it merged with the primary school in Odstock to form Longford C of E Primary School, named after the Longford estate. Both sets of buildings remain in use: the Britford site teaches Key Stage 1 and the Odstock site teaches Key Stage 2. Salisbury District Hospital is in the parish about southwest of the village.
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"The vast warrens of the 'Breck', the woods and water-meadows of the valley of the Little Ouse, and the neighbouring Fenland made an ideal training-ground for a naturalist". This enthusiasm Newton shared with his younger brother Edward: the two carried out bird observation when they were together and corresponded when they were apart. In 1846 Newton went to a tutor in Biggleswade for a few months, and in 1848 he entered Magdalene College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1853.
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At Calcot, the brook passes Calcot Mill, one of two water mills that were driven by the brook and which originally belonged to the abbey. In this area the channel gives its name to the nearby civil parish of Holybrook. In some stretches, especially behind Coley Park, the brook is noticeably embanked along the hillside above the lower water meadows, demonstrating its artificial origins. Once past Coley Park the Holy Brook flows through the Victorian suburb of Coley, before reaching the town centre.
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On the North-Rhine/Westphalian side there are two adjacent nature reserves with the same name of Elseaue ("Else water meadows") with a total area of . The reserves were established in 1994 and 1995. The area lies north of the Else and south of the railway line from Löhne to Osnabrück along a 3.5 km long section of the river. The area is protected, because it is a near-natural floodplain in the middle of the intensively farmed Ravensberg Land.
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1888 Ordnance Survey Parish Boundary Map Sulhamstead's immediate neighbours toward its northern border, the A4 road, are much more populous Theale which has the nearest Theale and shops and similarly low density Ufton Nervet. Across this road is very low population and housing density Englefield. A dispersed village, it has five clusters of homes. The greatest of these is linear, on Sulhamstead Hill (road) from the top of the hill by Ufton Church down to the water meadows by the Kennet and the Bath Road (A4).
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The river runs down the centre of the Blackwater Valley, which is maintained as a largely tree-planted open space, with some bog, marsh and water-meadows. It runs for approximately from the source at Rowhill Nature Reserve near Aldershot in the south, northwards to Swallowfield where the river is joined by the "Whitewater" and then joins the River Loddon. The Loddon flows into the Thames on the southern borders of Wargrave. For many miles banks of the lower half are semi-rural or rural.
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After passing under the A6117 road, the river enters Maun Valley Park, a local nature reserve covering , which includes water meadows and other wetland habitats. New Mill Lane lies at its northern edge, after which the river passes through more rural scenery. Approaching Clipstone, Cavendish Woods lie to the south east, while extensive fish ponds are located on the other bank. Vicar Water, which flows northwards from Vicar Park, joins on the east bank, before the river is crossed by a railway at Clipstone Junction.
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The name Temple Meads derives from the nearby Temple Church, which was gutted by bombing during World War II. The word "meads" is a derivation of "mæd", an Old English variation of "mædwe", meadow, referring to the water meadows alongside the River Avon that were part of Temple parish. As late as 1820 the site was undeveloped pasture outside the boundaries of the old city, some distance from the commercial centre. It lay between the Floating Harbour and the city's cattle market, which was built in 1830.
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Frank Sawyer, Keeper of the Stream (Salisbury: Sawyer Nymphs Ltd, 2005) 212–220. By the time Sawyer took over as head keeper on the SDFFA waters, natural regeneration of wild trout had dropped markedly due to the decline of the water meadows, increased pollution and large amounts of silt running into the river from surrounding farm land and the Army’s tank manoeuvres on Salisbury Plain. By the early 1930s the fishery could no longer sustain a wild trout population large enough to meet the demands of fishermen.
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View upstream from the upstream walkway View of Wargrave across the river from Shiplake At the lock and beyond it on the Berkshire bank there are steep hills, which give way to Wargrave Marsh, an expanse of water meadows, after the entrance to the Hennerton Backwater. At this point, Bolney Ferry used to operate across the river. The island here is called Ferry Eyot and it is followed by Poplar Eyot and Handbuck Eyot. This chain of islands lies off a range of large houses at Shiplake.
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A41 west of Hemel Hempstead at its junction with the A414 North of the M25, the road is a near motorway standard "A" road with all junctions grade-separated via underpasses or flyovers, but curves and gradients a little steeper. There are no hard shoulders but frequent lay-bys. It climbs through the Chiltern Hills then descends into the valley of the River Bulbourne crossing water meadows just outside Hemel Hempstead at Boxmoor. There are grade-separated junctions with the A414, A4251 and A416.
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It is toward the centre-west of the South Downs National Park which was upgraded and expanded from a smaller AONB within which it sat in 2011. The non-dualled, non-trunk A32 passes through the village between Gosport and Alton which is largely bypassed by two motorways in the national network known as the A3 and M3. Its nearby railway has been mainly re-absorbed into fields and gardens but its converted railway station remains, a short walk from the water meadows of the village.
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A layer of phosphatic nodules (coprolites) under the marl were mined in the 19th century for fertiliser. It became a major industry in the county, and its profits yielded buildings such as the Corn Exchange, Fulbourn Hospital and St. John's Chapel until the Quarries Act 1894 and competition from America ended production. The River Cam flows through the city from the village of Grantchester, to the southwest. It is bordered by water meadows within the city such as Sheep's Green as well as residential development.
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It included proposals for the enclosure of Exmoor and the building of a village at Simonsbath. For the middle section the plans he advocated improved drainage, including the straightening of sections of the rivers Brue, Axe and Parrett, were more successful and lead to some significant reclamation of the Somerset Levels. He also deplored the failure of many farmers to manure the land, exhausting it by constant cropping and overstocking. In 1798 he wrote about the water-meadows of the Brendon and Quantock Hills describing them as the best in the country.
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The ruins of the imperial castle of Kyffhausen are located on the northeastern rim of the range on a hill, the Kyffhäuserburgberg (), an approximately long eastern spur. The castle is in the parish of Steinthaleben, about northeast of the village of , in the Thuringian municipality of Kyffhäuserland, near the town of Bad Frankenhausen in Kyffhäuserkreis. The Goldene Aue ("Golden Water Meadows", ca. ) plain to the north, including the villages of and Tilleda roughly 280 metres below, are parts of the municipality of Kelbra in the Mansfeld-Südharz district of Saxony-Anhalt.
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Tracts of wild flowers and grassed areas close to the building act as supplementary 'coolants' for fresh air being drawn in at basement level during the summer; and for fuel for The Hive's biomass boiler, a large plantation of willows has been established alongside the building. To act as flood attenuation, two water meadows are situated along the western elevation of the new building. These have been planted with a range of native wildflower species, based on communities found locally in traditional lammas meadows. Worcestershire’s county flower, the cowslip, is planted throughout.
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The park was founded in 1968. It is part of the Elbe River Landscape (Flusslandschaft Elbe), which was designated as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1997 and overlaps with the Lower Saxon Elbe Water Meadows Biosphere Reserve (Niedersächsische Elbtalaue Biosphärenreservat). On 1 June 2006 the protected area of the nature park was increased to , almost double its previous size. In Germany the mere designation of an area as a nature park does not make it a strict nature conservation area, but is first and foremost to promote tourism.
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Two of the Trust's nature reserves are Ramsar sites, internationally important wetland reserves; fifteen are SSSIs, and five are Local Nature Reserves. The first site was Fox Covert, donated by Mr Fordham of Letchworth on the Trust's foundation in 1964. The largest is King's Meads, at ; this is water meadows where 265 wildflower species have been recorded, and it is an important site for over-wintering stonechats. The smallest is Alpine Meadow at 0.8 hectares, which has been designated an SSSI as an example of unimproved chalk grassland.
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The Sherwood Forest Railway (SFR) is a gauge light railway running through the old site of the Sherwood Forest Farm Park in Nottinghamshire, England The railway acquired its first two steam locomotives in 1998, began construction of permanent way in 1999, and opened to passengers in 2000. The railway runs along the 'flood dykes' of the early nineteenth-century irrigation system built by the Duke of Portland.See details of the water meadows here . The railway is still operated by its original two steam locomotives, 'Smokey Joe' and 'Pet'.
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Iron Age hill fort at Ham Hill The name may come from the Old English ham and hyll giving a meaning of "the settlement hill", however its original name was Hamdon, meaning "the hill among the water meadows". There is evidence of occupation from the mesolithic and neolithic periods. Ham Hill is the site of a very large Bronze Age and Iron Age hill fort of the Durotriges tribe, from the 1st century BC. The ramparts enclose an area of . Most of the perimeter is a double bank and ditch ("multivallate").
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The term Gau (in Alemannic German: Gäu) was originally used to refer to open, treeless water meadows. Today the term Gäu landscapes (Gäulandschaften) is mainly used to refer to the open terraces of the Swabian-Franconian Scarplands and so includes the areas of open, fertile arable fields. The name Neckar and Tauber Gäu Plateaus is to be seen as a collective reference for the Gäu landscapes located in the catchment area of the river Neckar and its tributaries and which extend northeast to the catchment area of the Tauber.
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Hardham Priory Farmhouse Hardham Priory was an Augustinian priory in Hardham, West Sussex, England. It was founded around 1248 by Sir William Dawtrey as a priory of Black Canons of St Augustine which was at first called Heringham Priory. It was enlarged by Sir William Pagnell during the reign of Edward III, but fell into disrepair in the late 15th century and was disbanded in 1534 as part of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Its remains stand in an area of water meadows next to the River Arun, southwest of the village of Hardham.
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Stratford-upon-Avon chain ferry The Stratford-upon-Avon chain ferry is a manually operated pedestrian chain ferry across the River Avon in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon in the English county of Warwickshire. The ferry is owned by Stratford-upon-Avon District Council. It links Waterside, roughly halfway between the Royal Shakespeare Theatre and Holy Trinity Church, with the water meadows on the opposite side of the river. The vessel used on the service is named Malvolio, after the character of the same name in William Shakespeare's comedy Twelfth Night.
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The cavalry were ordered to cross the Lys between Armentières and Menin as the III Corps advanced north-east to gain touch with the 7th Division near Ypres. Fog grounded Royal Flying Corps (RFC) reconnaissance aircraft and made artillery observation impossible. The Lys was wide and deep and flanked by water meadows. The banks were cut by boggy streams and dykes, which kept the cavalry on the roads; German outposts were pushed back but dismounted cavalry attacks could not dislodge the German defenders and the cavalry in Warneton town were withdrawn during the night.
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They frequently use freshwater, natural wetland habitats such as lakes, ponds, marshes, flooded grasslands, oxbow lakes, swamps, rivers and water meadows. Freshwater, artificial wetland habitats used by these storks include flooded fallow and paddy fields, wet wheat fields, irrigation storage ponds and canals, sewage ponds, and dry floodplains. Small numbers are also seen in Indian coastal wetland habitats, including in mangrove creeks and marshes. In cultivated areas, they prefer natural wetlands to forage in, though flooded rice paddies are preferentially used during the monsoon, likely due to excessive flooding of lakes and ponds.
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With a new building opening in 1894 the college expanded to 25 students. The land on which the college is built was formerly part of the manor of Norham which belonged to St John's College. The college bought the land from St John's in 1894, the other institution driving a hard bargain and requiring a development price not only on the practical building land but also on the undevelopable water meadows. However, this land purchase marked a change in ambition from occupying residential buildings for teaching purposes to erecting buildings befitting an educational institution.
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The flora and fauna of the commune is typical of the local steppe, forest and meadow zones. The forest occupies a relatively small surface and is composed of oak, ash, hornbeam, and maple trees. On the banks of the Olt river there are meadow forests and water meadows. The variety of the topography and of the vegetation gives rise to a dense population of animals and birds, such as wild boars, deer, foxes, rabbits, hamsters, mice, ground squirrels, polecats, badgers, as well as nightingales, skylarks, sparrows, goldfinches, turtledoves, woodpeckers, magpies, pheasants, etc.
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Bradford Peverell is a village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset, north-west of the county town Dorchester. It is sited by the south bank of the River Frome, among low chalk hills on the dip slope of the Dorset Downs. The A37 road between Dorchester and Yeovil passes to the north of the village on the other side of the river's water meadows. In the 2011 census the population of the parish (which includes the hamlet of Muckleford to the north-west) was 370.
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Unsuccessful attempts have been made to have the structure listed in order to attract National Lottery funding to assist in its preservation. The structure is of some historic interest due to its method of construction, and the importance of the route in the lead up to D-Day. It also provides a footpath and cycleway across the Itchen, and acts as a partial screen between the water meadows and the elevated M3 motorway at the foot of Twyford Down. In 2007 Winchester City Council announced a £500,000 rolling programme of repairs over 12 years.
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Away from business and politics, Marland has interests in the arts and sport. He is the Chairman of Tickets for Troops, Chairman of The Guggenheim UK Charitable Trust and Atlantic Partnership, the Patron of Salisbury and South Wiltshire Cricket and Hockey Club and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. He is a member of the Peggy Guggenheim Museum Executive Board and Trustee of Commonwealth Walkway Trust. He was formerly Chairman of The Churchill Centre UK (until 2019), and Chairman of The Sports Nexus Trust and Harnham Water Meadows Trust.
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The Sarazm Important Bird Area (IBA), identified as such by BirdLife International, encompasses part of the Zeravshan floodplain after the river has left the mountains and flows braided through a wide valley downstream of the city of Panjakent. It contains a range of temporary and permanent islands, many of which are covered with tugay, or flood-plain forest – comprising the only such ecosystem in northern Tajikistan. The soil is loamy-sandy, overgrown in moist areas with herbs, forming water meadows as well as dense thickets of trees and shrubs.
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So much water was impounded above mills (the Schutterzell mill, Dundenheim mill and Kittersburg mill) or in specially constructed weirs (Eckartsweier), that the surface of the water was higher than the surrounding land and was discharged into irrigation channels. The largest water meadows were the Unterwassermatten (today a nature reserve), which was irrigated for about a hundred years before being abandoned in 1935. In the 2000s, the irrigation of the meadows of Eckartsweier and Kittersburg was put back into operation for ecological reasons. In the Oberschopfheimer Allmend, meadow irrigation was also restarted in 2014.
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Again there are two channels below the lake, with the main southern channel at a lower level than the northern one, which is called the Flood Dyke. Both cross under the B6034 Worksop to Ollerton road, and leave the Welbeck estate. The land between the two channels is sandy, and the Flood Dyke was used to irrigate the area, forming water meadows. Restoration of the historic structures was undertaken by the County Council in 2010/11, and interpretation boards have been erected to enable visitors to understand the process.
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North Stoke is a village in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. It is just over north of Arundel and south of Amberley railway station, and is at the end of a no through road from the station. St. Mary the Virgin parish church, whose dedication was rediscovered in 2007 The village is on a spur of slightly higher ground on the east bank of a loop of the River Arun, surrounded by water meadows. It is in the middle of the gap eroded through the South Downs by the River Arun.
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The charm of this region is its ever- changing landscape of the Young Drift moraines of the Schleswig-Holstein Uplands which were formed during the last ice age. Small woods alternate rapidly with hedged, arable fields and the terrain is characterised by its many lakes nestling amongst low hills. Amongst the more well-known lakes are the Großer Plöner See, the Dieksee and the Kellersee. Rivers and water meadows abound, such as the Schwentine, which flows into Kiel Fjord or the Kossau, which discharges into the Großer Binnensee.
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The town is crossed from west to east by the River Else, one of the few rivers in the world that does not originate from a spring, but as a result of bifurcation. It drains the whole area and discharges via the Werre and Weser into the North Sea. Within the town area it is joined by numerous small streams from the south and north. One of the northern streams is the Gewinghauser Bach, which on its way to the Else crosses water meadows in the district of Ennigloh-Gewinghausen.
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Cranebank has water meadows which have a number of locally rare species, such as cuckoo flower and ragged robin. It also has ox-bow lakes, and there are 26 species of butterflies and 12 of damselflies and dragonflies. The reserve is part of a park which has a variety of names. An old notice on the site calls it River Crane Park, while a newer one shows it as part of Crane Valley Park, which stretches along the River Crane from Great Chertsey Road to the Grand Union Canal.
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The south- eastern part of Burghfield Common is known as Great Auclum (see History below). A corner of north-western Burghfield Common is actually in Sulhamstead parish. In the north of the parish, the Kennet River valley, is surrounded by a number of man made lakes, marshland and willow scrub, with old water meadows and Osier beds to the north of the river. Further south, between the M4 motorway and Burghfield Village the ground is flat, and consists of farmland and pastureland with occasional small stands of deciduous woodland.
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Rights of use and obligations were regulated by the articles of association of the Wuhr Association (Wuhrgenossenschaft). There were further conflicts of use after the Basle-based manufacturer, Major Geigy-Lichtenhahn, established a mechanical spinning and weaving mill on the outskirts of the village in 1834. After the Second World War, interest in the use of the water from the Wiese decreased strongly, not least because the water meadows had to give way to new housing areas and many textile companies had run into economic difficulties. In 1984, the 400-year-old aqueduct was filled in.
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Sign at Lenwade Bridge at Mileplain plantation The A Frame bridge At Norwich the path begins to the north of the Barn Road and Barker Street Inner Ring Road roundabout. Much of this area was part of the former Norwich City railway station. The path which is also known as the Railway Path approximately follows the course of the River Wensum which forms a boundary with the Train Wood. After crossing a footbridge the industrial landscape gives way to the water-meadows of the Sweetbriar Road Meadows before crossing the Wensum over the A frame bridge at Hellesdon.
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Amesbury is located in southern Wiltshire, north- northeast of Salisbury on the A345. It sits in the River Avon valley on the southern fringes of Salisbury Plain and has historically been considered an important river crossing area on the road from London to Warminster and Exeter. This has continued into the present with the building of the A303 across the Avon next to the town. Originally the town developed around the water meadows next to several bends in the river, but in time has spread onto the valley hillsides and absorbed part of the military airfield at Boscombe Down.
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The River Gwaun (Welsh: Afon Gwaun, "Gwaun" meaning 'marsh, moor') is a river in Pembrokeshire, West Wales, which flows west to the sea at Fishguard (Welsh: Abergwaun - 'mouth of the Gwaun'). Llanychaer Bridge The Gwaun rises in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park on the northern slopes of Foel Eryr in the Preseli Hills, to the east of Pontfaen hamlet. The river is a slowly meandering stream passing through marshy, wet woodland with alder trees, water meadows and flood plains. Its river valley is deep and secluded through the Gwaun Valley, and passes through Pontfaen and Llanychaer to the sea at Lower Fishguard Bay.
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Next it swings northwards and reaches the village of Tirschenreuth, where it turns west again and flows through the Waldnaabaue (Waldnaab water meadows), meandering its way through the many lakes in the area. Giant rocks in the Waldnaab valley Passing Falkenberg Castle in Falkenberg it flows southwest and reaches the rocky Waldnaabtal (Waldnaab valley), where the stream is at its most picturesque over the next 12 kilometres. Here, water erosion has carved a valley in the granitic bedrock surrounded by woods. Beyond that it is joined at Neuhaus/Windischeschenbach by the Fichtelnaab approaching from the northwest.
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Skirting between Wickham Market and Lower Hacheston, where the Rivers Deben and Ore (a tributary of the Alde, passing Parham) are barely a mile apart, the freshwater channel of the Deben turns south and meanders through a broad valley of water- meadows past Rendlesham and Pettistree to the lower crossing at Ufford. The priory was located at a higher crossing, on the east bank of the river, at the foot of the land sloping down through Ash and Loudham on the Campsea side. To its north the river flowed into a meare before issuing past the priory and its adjacent watermill.
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The Wetherby Ings on the River Wharfe at Wetherby, West Yorkshire Ings is an old word of Norse origin referring to water meadows and marshes, including those that were part of the Humber flood plain. The term appears in place names in Yorkshire (such as Hall Ings, Bradford, Fairburn Ings RSPB reserve, Clifton Ings in York, Derwent Ings, Sutton Ings, Acaster South Ings, and Wetherby Ings), as well as in Cumbria, and in Lincolnshire. "Ings" is one of several hundred words of Old Norse origin to enter the English language in the Danelaw period between the mid-9th and 11th centuries.
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They founded the English settlement of Hartford. By 1643, documents in the village of Sudbury called this trail the "Old Connecticut Path." In 1672, with the establishment of a postal system, it became the first colonial post road. Long native usage had emphasized the easiest route,By collating early maps, documents and town histories with on- the-ground exploration, Harral Ayres established the route of the Old Connecticut Path and its byways, in The Great Trail of New England (Boston: Meador) 1940 skirting the water meadows of the river bottoms and crossing streams at the most dependable fords.
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This was partly due to the presence of the Priory and partly due to river and road traffic, especially along the Great North Road between London and central England. There was a small settlement called Sudbury based around the manor owned by the de Sudbury family (now Crosshall, part of Eaton Ford). The manor fell into disrepair in the early 14th century, but traces of the old fields still remain. These are typical of the open field system of that time, the town was surrounded by field strips and areas of common land, with water meadows and reed beds close to the river.
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The viaduct, originally called the Shawford Viaduct, was built in the late 1880s by the London and South Western Railway (LSWR). It provided a link over the River Itchen and water meadows, from the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway (DN&SR;), to the LSWR's main line. The DN&SR; was originally intended to continue down the east side of the Itchen to Southampton, but had stalled at Winchester due to lack of funds. The viaduct crossed the valley to link the DN&SR; to the LSWR, which ran (and still runs) down the west side of the valley.
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Starting from town it heads along the river and racecourse towards Welford-on-Avon and Long Marston with a cycle hire and café available at the start of the Greenway at Seven Meadows Road. Stratford's chain ferry The manually powered Stratford- upon-Avon chain ferry was opened in 1937 and links Waterside, roughly halfway between the Royal Shakespeare Theatre and Holy Trinity Church, with the water meadows on the opposite side of the river. It was the last of its kind to be built in Britain. Birmingham Airport is to the north-west, with scheduled flights to many national and international destinations.
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The cavalry were ordered to cross the Lys between Armentières and Menin as the III Corps advanced north- east, to clear the way for the cavalry and gain touch with the 7th Division near Ypres. The cavalry advanced towards the Lys between Houplines and Comines at in fog, which grounded Royal Flying Corps (RFC) reconnaissance aircraft and made artillery support impossible. The river was a muddy stream wide and deep at that point, flanked by water meadows. The banks of the Lys were cut by boggy streams and dykes which kept the cavalry on the roads.
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The site of the flash lock on the canal The Titchfield Canal was used to irrigate meadows in the Meon valley. The so-called canal, earlier known as the "New River", is a two-mile watercourse between the village of Titchfield, Hampshire, and the coast at Titchfield Haven adjacent to the modern nature reserve. Lying above and roughly parallel to the nearby River Meon it is plainly artificial, but its origins and purpose have been warmly debated. Three suggestions have been made as to why the "canal" was built: (a) as a navigation channel by the 3rd Earl of Southampton, (b) to supply water to water meadows, or (c) both.
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The correspondent may have meant water meadows The Revd T. Woollen Smith (vicar of Calverton) in replying to this correspondent referred to a scribbled note, of 1760, in the parish register, probably written by Revd Maurice Pugh.www.theclergydatabase.org.uk, Maurice Pugh There were two burials in June 1614 of women who had been (wrote Pugh), …inhabitants of a house yt stood at Salterford Dam now a Rabit Warren 1760 it looks like some plague. There was a corn mill there and a manor house within a Mote near the Dam head the Mill below it some distance served wh Water by a cut from ye Dam.Nottinghamshire Guardian, 22 June 1883, p.
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The Abbey River is a right-bank backwater of the River Thames in England, in Chertsey, Surrey -- in the town's northern green and blue buffers. The L-shaped conduit adjoins mixed-use flood plain: water-meadows landscaped for a golf course, a motorway and a fresh water treatment works on the island it creates, Laleham Burway to its east and north in turn. Its offtake from the Thames is at the apex of Penton Hook, Staines upon Thames below its lower weir close to the Chertsey-Thorpe boundary in the Borough of Runnymede. Its outfall is the weir pool of Chertsey Lock back into the Thames, visible from Chertsey Bridge.
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Disraeli called him "one of the most distinguished country gentlemen who ever sat in the House of Commons".Victoria County History of Berkshire: Pusey His most notable contribution to farming was the development of a system of using lush water- meadows to support large flocks of ewes and early-maturing lambs. He was an early advocate of the use of earthenware drainpipes for field drainage.Caird, J. (1852) English agriculture in 1850–51 pp 107–13, cited in the Dictionary of National Biography He was one of the founders of the Royal Agricultural Society, and was chairman of the agricultural implement section of the Great Exhibition of 1851.
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Grasslands that are flooded seasonally or year-round, like the Everglades of Florida, the Pantanal of Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay or the Esteros del Ibera in Argentina, are classified with flooded savannas as the flooded grasslands and savannas biome and occur mostly in the tropics and subtropics. The species that live in these grasslands are well adapted to the hydrologic regimes and soil conditions. The Everglades - the world's largest rain-fed flooded grassland - is rich in 11,000 species of seed-bearing plants, 25 species of orchids, 300 bird species, and 150 fish species. Water-meadows are grasslands that are deliberately flooded for short periods.
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Adjacent to these are Londonthorpe and Alma Park Woods, both owned by the Woodland Trust. The former comprises young woodland and open areas of wild flowers, whilst Alma Park has some mature woodland on its steep limestone scarp and offers views over the town and the surrounding area. To the south of the town, between Little Ponton and Saltersford, the River Witham flows through marshes and water meadows. These support a variety of plant species including vetches, cowslip, Primula veris, Lady's bedstraw {Galium verum}, and orchids, including the Southern Marsh Orchid, and wildlife, including herons, ducks, geese, water vole, and the now critically endangered white clawed crayfish.
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It occupies a particularly beautiful setting, described by Lauder (1986) thus: "For lovers of rivers and woodland there can be few lovlier settings for a house than this. Steeply wooded banks shelter the valley and the house is situated on slightly higher ground above lush water meadows, almost completely surrounded by the Torridge"Lauder, Rosemary, A Tale of Two Rivers, Tiverton, 1986, p.28 The estate was a subsidiary seat of the Rolle family, lords of the manor of Great Torrington, whose main seat was Stevenstone on the other (south) side of that town and therefore upstream from Beam. It was an outpost of the Royalists during the Civil War.
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An autumnal Barton Wood Barton Stacey lies in a corridor of land between the North Wessex Downs and the South Downs National Park. Its downland area is predominantly arable farmland, which has traditionally been used for growing malting barley, though other crops are grown, and sheep grazed. The chalk streams of the Test and Dever are managed for sport fishing and the Dever also feeds a trout fishery just outside the village. The valley to the north of the village is characterised by pasture and woodland, whilst the local sections of the Dever and Test valleys are predominated by wet woodland and water meadows.
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Houses along the river above the lock Immediately above the lock is Pharaoh's Island, a gift from the nation to Admiral Nelson following the Battle of the Nile. It did not gain its name until the early 20th century. The left bank is more open and has riverside houses until Dumsey Meadow a Site of Special Scientific Interest.Biodiversity action Reporting System, Dumsey Meadow The right bank is built up at the edge of Chertsey itself, has a water meadows public park at Chertsey Meads with playground and a low-rise residential estate close to the lock, the Hamm Court riverside locality of Addlestone, Surrey.
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Characteristic is the original riparian landscape of the Elbe stream with its tributaries, the Schaale, Sude, Krainke, Rögnitz, Löcknitz and the Müritz-Elde Waterway. One feature is the areas of inland dune with sandy calcareous grassland, woods and heaths as well as the steep sides of the Elbe valley near Boizenburg and Rüterberg (Dömitz), whose observation towers offer panoramic view of the Elbe water meadows. The nature park lies on the right bank of the Elbe near Elbe km 502-511 and 555-565 and between the state borders of Schleswig-Holstein and Brandenburg. Within the region are the villages of Boizenburg, Lübtheen and Dömitz.
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Former water- meadows are found along many river valleys, where the sluice gates, channels and field ridges may still be visible (however the ridges should not be confused with ridge and furrow topography, which is found on drier ground and has a very different origin in arable farming). The drains in a derelict water-meadow are generally clogged and wet, and most of the carrier channels are dry, with the smaller ones on the ridge-tops often invisible. If any main carrier channels still flow, they usually connect permanently to the by- carriers. The larger sluices may be concealed under the roots of trees (such as crack willows), which have grown up from seedlings established in the brickwork.
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Much of the land within the walls had become water meadows and farmland, and an palisade may have built around the cathedral and its precinct to form a secure inner stronghold.; In the late Anglo-Saxon period, the internal street layout of Canterbury was remodelled, but the line of the outer walls remained the same. A cattle market was created outside the city to the south-east, and Newingate, later renamed St George's Gate, was inserted into the walls to allow easy access to it. During this the period the main axis of the city shifted from the older line of streets running from London Gate and Riding Gate, to the new route between West Gate and Newingate.
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Traditionally, the water-meadows south of Winchester, along which Keats took daily leisurely walks, were assumed to have provided the sights and sounds of his ode. Marggraf Turley, Archer and Thomas argue that the ode was more directly inspired by Keats's visit to St Giles's Hill—site of a new cornfield—at the eastern extremity of the market city. The land, previously a copse, had recently been turned over to food production to take advantage of high bread prices. This new topography, the authors argue, enables us to see hitherto unsuspected dimensions to Keats's engagement with contemporary politics in particular as they pertained to the management of food production and supply, wages and productivity.
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Penisa'r-coed, looking west across part of the old British Petroleum Oil refinery site to Crymlyn Bog in the distance Crymlyn Bog On the edge of Crymlyn Bog Crymlyn Bog () is a nature reserve and a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest of international significance, near Swansea, south Wales. It is the largest area of lowland fen in Wales and lies immediately to the eastern side of Kilvey Hill just north of the industrial area of Crymlyn Burrows. Plantlife found in the bog is more typical of that found in East Anglia. Habitats range from swamps, carr (fen), water meadows and tall reed beds to waterlogged scrub consisting mainly of willow, where wetter areas merge with woodland.
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Passing through 19 towns and villages, the Schutter used to be an important source of energy for commercial traders for centuries. According to the 1925 Baden Hydropower Register (Badische Wasserkraftkataster), no less than 36 hydroelectric power stations operated on the Schutter with a total of 47 waterwheels, 12 electricity generator stations with 17 turbines, including house and farm mills, industrial mills, hammer forges, electricity works, oil mills, barley presses and sawmills. The water of the Schutter was also used to irrigate meadows (water meadows). Today still recognizable meadow-watering systems are found in the parish of Friesenheim-Oberschopfheim, in Hohberg- Niederschopfheim, Kehl-Goldscheuer, Willstätt-Eckartsweier (west of the village and in the Schutterwald meadows).
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The village boundaries seem to have developed haphazardly from the earliest times and remained complicated even after the Divided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act 1882 which, locally, resolved only the position of some distant water meadows and invasive parts of Benson (see below). A county-wide rationalisation in 1931First General Review of County Districts and Parishes by the Oxfordshire County Council, 1931 sorted out 'amongst others a patchwork of detached elements east of the village (see below). Finally, in 1993, the four hamlets were unified within simple boundaries. The northern boundary was set in the early 11th century when a manor, bounded to the south by Hollandtide Bottom, was forfeited to King Canute.
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In 1997 serious work began on a proposal to establish a national park within the Tyrolean Lech valley. The Nationalpark Tiroler Lechtal was to cover an area of 41,38 km² and reaches from the municipality Steeg, Tyrol to Vils, Tyrol on the southern border of Germany. It covers the wild river Lech with all its water meadows, side valleys, flooding plains and part of the surrounding mixed mountain forests and is one of the last wild river landscapes with a constantly shifting river bed. The official evaluation process for the national park began in early February 2003, but, in 2004, the Tyrolean state government decided instead to establish a nature reserve and grant it the status of a nature park.
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It included a towing path and several bridges, together with a number of sluices which enabled him to flood of his land in a controlled manner, thus creating water- meadows. As a catholic and a royalist, his property was sequestrated during the English Civil War and he fled to the Low Countries, where he studied inland navigations and the working of pound locks. He returned to England in the late 1640s, and proposed a scheme for making the Wey navigable to Guildford by the use of such locks. Guildford Corporation had petitioned Parliament in 1621 and 1624 for a scheme using flash locks, but there is no evidence that the proposals had been properly surveyed or costed, and nothing came of them.
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4 P.83, Hampshire County Council The hill was cut off from the Itchen water meadows for over a hundred years by the construction of the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway in the 1890s and the Winchester By-pass (A33) in the 1930s. The railway closed in the 1960s and the road was removed following construction of the M3 motorway to the east through Twyford Down in the 1990s. Whilst this reunited the hill with its historic setting to the west, it is now largely cut off from the hills to the east. The routing of the original by- pass to the east of Winchester had been controversial and its replacement by the M3 led to a large-scale protest (see main article Twyford Down protest).
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Early barn types in the U.K., such as aisled barns, were primarily used for the processing and temporary storage of grain. Processing comprised hand-threshing (later in history replaced by machine threshing): the grain would then be removed to a granary for permanent storage. Following the agricultural revolution of the 16th to mid-19th century, with its emphasis on the improvement of farming techniques, there was a marked increase in the amount of hay that was produced (partly due to the use of water-meadows and partly due to crop rotation). The hay barn was developed in response to this: formerly the small amounts of precious hay produced had been stored in the haylofts over the cow house or stables, or in haystacks.
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Its boundaries are marked by the Parco Agricolo Sud Milano nature reserve to the south, by the Naviglio Grande and Naviglio Pavese canals to the east and to the west, and by the Circonvallazione ring road to the north (more specifically, by the Viale Cassala and Viale Tibaldi avenues). Barona is a mainly residential district, and one of those having a higher proportion of green areas still devoted to agriculture. The most typical features of the agricultural areas in Barona, as well as in the neighbouring semi-rural districts and communes, are the water-meadows and paddy fields. It has two main urban sub-districts, Sant'Ambrogio I and Sant'Ambrogio II. Sant'Ambrogio I has landmark, curvy buildings, constructed in the 1960s, housing about 5,000 people.
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The Basingstoke Canal started at a canal basin, roughly where the cinema in Festival Place is located. From there the canal ran alongside the River Loddon following the line of Eastrop Way. The old canal route passes under the perimeter ring road and then follows a long loop partly on an embankment to pass over small streams and water meadows towards Old Basing, where the route goes around the now ruined palace of Basing House and then through and around the eastern edge of Old Basing. It followed another loop to go over small streams near the Hatch public house (a lot of this section was built over when constructing the M3) and headed across fields on an embankment towards Mapledurwell.
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Niagara "Aggie" Threepwood née Donaldson, daughter of the Donaldson of Donaldson's Dog-biscuits fame, got her name thanks to her parents having spent their honeymoon at the Falls. A "sort of cousin" of Angus McAllister, Aggie is initially unmarried and first seen through a telescope, kissing Freddie Threepwood in a small spinney down by the water-meadows in the short "The Custody of the Pumpkin"; they later elope together, assisted by her father. An extremely pretty girl, her father- in-law Lord Emsworth can never understand why such a charming young thing would want anything to do with Freddie, but he is overjoyed that Freddie has married a girl with a rich father. She and Freddie fall out briefly over his suspected dalliance with a movie-star, but they are soon reunited.
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Looking SW from the top of St. Catherine's Hill water meadows Structurally, St. Catherine's Hill is part of the Winchester anticline. This is an upfold in the chalk at the western end of the South Downs. In the Winchester area the core of the anticline has eroded to expose older rocks in Chilcomb, Bar End and Winchester itself, leaving a near complete ring of inward-facing chalk scarp slopes including Magdalen (Morn) Hill to the north, Chilcomb Down and Telegraph Hill to the east, Deacon Hill, Twyford Down and St. Catherine's to the south and Oliver's Battery to the west. Whilst the highest part of the main ring of hills (which reaches up to at Cheesefoot Head) is of the 'Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation', St. Catherine's is of the slightly older 'New Pit Chalk Formation'.
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The orchid house originally housed a collection of orchids donated by Major Raffles, a resident of Didsbury, but when the heating system broke down there was no funding to replace it and so these plants were moved to Wythenshawe Park. The building which housed the orchids is now an Alpine House – fittingly since there used to be Alpines in the gardens. The gardens are now maintained and cultivated by the Friends of Fletcher Moss Park and Parsonage Gardens, a group of local volunteers. To the south and west there are water meadows, partially flooded woodland (Stenner Woods) in a former oxbow of the River Mersey and Millgate Fields, a slightly elevated area of fields and woodland in a loop of the river Mersey, surrounding two fields used to graze livestock.
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289-322 (Society's pdf), at p. 316 and note 95. The brick hall and farmstead of his principal manor of Westwood, known as Westwood or Blythburgh Lodge, which was also probably built in his time (but much modified since), stands south-east of the village on rising land facing south over water-meadows and pastures towards the Dunwich river.Westwood Lodge, Historic England listing. The reversion of the house and site of Blythburgh Priory was granted to him in tail male in November 1538, with marsh and watermill and various closes, together with the manors of Blythburgh and Hinton Hall belonging to the priory, and with the parish rectories of Blythburgh, Bramfield, Thorington and Wenhaston, the chapelry of Walberswick, and all messuages in those places belonging to them, excepting the advowsons.'967.
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Looking upstream, at Chenies The River Chess fall is , and its length is . It is fed by groundwater held in the chalk aquifer of the Chiltern Hills and rises from three springs which surface as Vale brook, from Bury Pond, and alongside the Missenden Road near Pednor just to the north of Chesham.River Chess Association, Accessed 14 May 2014History on line - Chesham, Accessed 14 May 2014 It flows within culverts beneath the town before flowing in a southeasterly direction through Waterside. The river flows below parkland landscaped by Capability Brown at Latimer House and the site of a 1st Century Roman villa close to the village of Latimer; to the north of Chenies; through unimproved water meadows at Frogmore and the watercress beds at Sarratt Bottom to the west of Sarratt.
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A first public inquiry for the "M3 London to Basingstoke Motorway: Popham to Compton extension" centred on the section passing Winchester, and was held in 1971, after which the ministry was instructed to reconsider and reconsult on the proposals. A second public inquiry was held in 1976–77. The earlier decision to route the motorway through or alongside the water meadows between St Catherine's Hill and the compact cathedral city was reopened, and during the year-long inquiry the headmaster of Winchester College was forcibly ejected along with others for causing a disturbance. The scope of the M3 extension was reduced to defer the difficult decision about the section around Winchester and it was built in two sections (from 'Popham to Bridget's Farm' and from 'Bridget's Farm to Bar End') in 1995.
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A tract of land including the lake and surrounding mountains has been designated a nature reserve. As well as the lake itself, habitats found in the reserve include rivers, water meadows, broad-leaved and juniper forests, mountain shrubland and sub-alpine meadows. Over half of the reserve, comprising , has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area because it supports significant numbers of the populations of various bird species, either as residents, or as breeding or passage migrants. These include Himalayan snowcocks, saker falcons, cinereous vultures, yellow-billed choughs, Hume's larks, sulphur-bellied warblers, wallcreepers, Himalayan rubythroats, white-winged redstarts, white-winged snowfinches, alpine accentors, rufous- streaked accentors, brown accentors, water pipits, fire-fronted serins, plain mountain-finches, crimson-winged finches, red-mantled rosefinches and white- winged grosbeaks.
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Before the 16th and 17th centuries, most farmlands in Britain used simple alternations of tilling and fallowing during different seasons over several years, while livestock was often kept on less productive land and commons. However, in the Midlands the rising population, density of settlements, lack of new areas into which cultivation could expand, and the 15th century enclosures of sheep flocks, led to a system of agriculture with increasing numbers of livestock. A possible factor that influenced the adoption of convertible husbandry was the changing skill levels of workers. In the words of historian Eric Kerridge, the combination of "floating of water-meadows, the substitution of up-and-down husbandry for permanent tillage and permanent grass or for shifting cultivation, the introduction of new fallow crops and selected grasses, marsh drainage, manuring, and stock breeding" were essential innovations of the British Agricultural Revolution.
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Igelbäcken For example, in 2006 Solna and Sundbyberg declared their ambitions to transform the central part of the stream from a straight ditch to a meandering river murmuring over stones, overshadowed by trees and flanked by wetlands intended to attract amphibians and waders; a project partly financed by the Swedish state.Restaurering av Igelbäcken The upper part of the watershed is constituted of Norra Järvafältet, an open-air area characterized by moraine ridges covered with forests separated by water meadows and tilled fields. While some 20 hectares of the surrounding area is used for pasture, the stream is bordered by deciduous plants such as Alder and Birch and Bulrush can be found in non-shadowed patches. Some 2,5 kilometres from its origin, the stream passes down in a culvert under a traffic route (Akallavägen) and the Barkarby Airport before merging with the stream Djupanbäcken.
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Cranleigh civil parish in the Waverley borough Cranleigh village is southeast of the county town of Surrey, Guildford, and ESE of Godalming, which is the administrative centre of the borough of Waverley. In the centre of the civil parish are the greatest number of buildings, fanning out in many side roads and on the high street.Ordnance Survey map, courtesy of English Heritage Cranleigh Waters also known as the Cranleigh Water, drains the village, before flowing to Shalford where it joins the River Wey, specifically in the small, formerly marsh-like locality of Peasmarsh, which still has water meadows lining the bank itself. Winterfold Forest, a remaining higher part of the forest that occupies the northeast is on the Greensand Ridge, which can be explored using in places roads or by the long distance path, the Greensand Way.
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The creek, saltmarshes and, in the distance, harbour mouth The fresh water meadows The sand dunes, beach and harbour mouth Burnham Overy is a civil parish on the north coast of Norfolk, England. In modern times a distinction is often made between the two settlements of Burnham Overy Town, the original village adjacent to the medieval parish church and now reduced to a handful of houses, and Burnham Overy Staithe, a rather larger hamlet about away and next to the creek-side harbour. Burnham Overy lies between the larger village of Burnham Market, less than to the west, and Holkham, some to the east. The larger town of King’s Lynn is 20 miles (32 km) to the south-west (with the closest railway station), whilst the city of Norwich is 30 miles (48 km) to the south-east.
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The transfer resulted in the northern boundary of Berrick Salome passing through the centre of the village and taking both the village pub and the village pond into Newington parish. Outside its eastern boundary, Berrick Salome parish included five exclaves, all beyond the Ewelme-Chalgrove road, in an area where there were also detached parts of both Benson and Ewelme parishes, while the southern boundary used to wind around the houses in Roke and Rokemarsh so that most of the residents were in Benson. Only the western boundary was relatively simple, but even there, the parish had once included water meadows on the River Thame, south-west of Newington and about from Berrick. Within the boundaries, there were, in the centre of Berrick, midway between the Chequers and the southern fork, two houses and some plots of land which were detached parts of Benson parish.
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The line of earthworks below the church in the area known as the Bishop's Field are part of a complex of water management ducts and ponds with this area used as water meadows. A quote from George Barwell of Shuttington in 1790 :- "in the parish of Austrey where he was born it has been the custom ever since he can remember (sixty years) to throw the rich waters which are collected in rainy seasons on the common fields lying on the side of the hill above the village, over the meadows which are below it, by means of floodgates and floating trenches." Also in the Bishops Field is a natural spring known as the holy well. The new settlement at the Nether End probably originated with Earl Leofric's original grant to Burton Abbey, which would account for the siting of the monks' farmstead at nearby Bishop's Farm.
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The name Willoughby Waterleys was formerly Willoughby Waterless, with the two elements meaning "willow-tree farm/settlement" and "water meadows". It was an ancient parish of Leicestershire, becoming a modern civil parish in July 1837 with the civil registration. The Anglican parish church, St Mary's, was built in the Norman period, and its registers date back to 1559. Restored in 1875, the church seats 300 people. Waterleys Population time series, as reported by the Census of Population, 1801–2011 The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book as being in the area of Guthlaxton, with a total population of "22 households (quite large)", "12 meadow acres" and "5 ploughlands with 3 men plough teams". Notably, the entry mentions two lords of the area: Esbiorn of Oadby in 1066 and Countess Judith in 1086. In 2000 Willoughby was transferred and the boundary changed from Market Harborough registration district to the Leicestershire district, alongside other parishes such as Ashby Magna, Peatling Magna, Arnesby and Skeffington. The earliest census records of Willoughby Waterleys date back to 1801, when the total population was 272.
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