Maybe you're a wallower, with an arsenal of rom-coms at the ready.
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"Ululation embodies the calm before the storm in the humanitarian protest of the frenetic wallower," the artist said to THUMP about the track via email.
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"I didn't want to be part of that misery pie; I'm not a wallower in self-pity," said Mr. White, who now runs Constellations Group, a strategic consultancy firm.
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The Brake Wheel was diameter, driving a diameter Wallower. The Brake Wheel was wood, as is the Wallower and Upright Shaft. whilst the Great Spur Wheel is cast iron with wooden cogs.
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The elm Upright Shaft was long It carried a cast-iron Wallower diameter Wallower, cast in halves and having 26 teeth. It replaced an earlier wooden wheel. The underside of the wallower had a friction ring which drove the sack hoist. At the foot of the Upright Shaft, a wooden clasp arm Great Spur Wheel of diameter with 70 cogs was carried.
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It drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft. The wallower has 31 cogs. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel with 85 cogs drives two lantern pinion stone nuts, each with 28 staves.
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The windshaft carries a brake wheel which has 59 teeth. This drives a wallower with 30 teeth. The wallower is at the top of the upright shaft, which has a great spur wheel at its bottom. This has 86 teeth.
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The four Common sails have a span of . The wooden windshaft with a cast-iron poll end carries a brake wheel which has 62 cogs. (Click on "Technische gegevens" to view) This drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft. The wallower has 34 cogs.
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It drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft. The wallower has 33 cogs. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel with 115 cogs drives two lantern pinion stone nuts, each with 33 staves. There are two pairs of millstones which are diameter.
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The Brake Wheel and Wallower survive, as does the drive to the sack hoist. The mill drove three pairs of stones.
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The drive to the Archimedes' screw that pumps water into the polder is from a 38-cog gear wheel meshing with the great spur wheel. This drives a 25 stave gear wheel which drives a wallower (30 cogs). The wallower drives a gear wheel with 31 cogs. This drives a cast iron gear wheel with 48 teeth.
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This drives a cast-iron Wallower. The Great Spur Wheel is also of cast iron. The mill drives two pairs of millstones, overdrift.
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Much of the machinery is made of wood, including the brake wheel, wallower, great spur wheel, and stone nuts. The millstones are overdrift.
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The brake wheel and wallower came from a demolished drainage mill De Breeken, which had stood in Westerwijtwerd, Groningen. New sails were fitted in 2009.
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This drives the wallower (15 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft a crown wheel with 25 cogs drives a shaft via a pinion with 15 cogs. At the other end of this shaft a wallower with 40 teeth drives a centrifugal pump via a gearwheel with 20 teeth. The pump can also be driven by electricity.
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The wallower is cast iron with wooden teeth, carried on a cast iron upright shaft. The great spur wheel is also cast iron with wooden teeth.
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The mill is winded by a fantail. The mill drives two pairs of millstones underdrift. The Brake wheel is iron. This drives a cast- iron Wallower.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 65 cogs. This drives the wallower (33 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. No other machinery remains.
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The Brake wheel drives a wooden Wallower mounted on a wooden Upright Shaft. The Great Spur Wheel also survives. The mill drove three pairs of millstones overdrift.
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It drove four pairs of millstones overdrift. The wallower remains, mounted at the top of the Upright Shaft, which is wooden and square. The Great Spur Wheel also remains.
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The Wallower is an iron mortice gear with 24 cogs, and the Spur Wheel is also an iron mortice gear, with 63 cogs. The stone nuts have 20 cogs each.
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The wooden brake wheel is of clasp arm construction, diameter. It has been converted from compass arm construction. The rim is of elm. The Wallower is wooden, as is the upright shaft.
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The cast-iron brake wheel drives a cast-iron wallower carried on a cast-iron upright shaft. A cast-iron crown wheel drives a three-throw plunger pump, which has cylinders square.
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This drove a cast-iron Wallower mounted on a wooden Upright Shaft. The Great Spur Wheel also survives. The mill drove three pairs of millstones overdrift. It was winded by a fantail.
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The mill is winded by a fantail. The wooden Brake Wheel is diameter. The Wallower and Great Spur Wheel are of cast iron. When the mill was built, it had two pairs of millstones.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 28 cogs. This drives the wallower (15 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. Other machinery is now missing. The mill formerly drove an Archimedes' screw.
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They have a span of . The sails are carried on a wooden windshaft. The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 27 cogs. This drives the wallower (15 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The brake wheel drove a wooden Wallower carried on a long wooden Upright Shaft. The diameter wooden Great Spur Wheel is of compass arm construction with 84 cogs. The mill latterly drove three pairs of millstones.
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This drives the wallower (25 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 33 cogs formerly drove a wooden Archimedes' screw, which is now missing.
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They are carried on a cast-iron windshaft which was cast by Koning in 1909. It is long. The Brake wheel has 51 cogs. It drives the wallower (27 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The Brake Wheel is of composite construction, with an iron centre and wooden rim. This drives a cast-iron Wallower on the Upright Shaft, which carries a cast- iron Great Spur Wheel, which drives the millstones overdrift.
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The brake wheel is a composite one, with iron arms and a wooden rim. This drives a cast-iron wallower. The great spur wheel is also of cast iron. The mill drives to the millstones is overdrift.
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The sails are carried on a cast-iron windshaft, which also carries a diameter wooden clasp arm brake wheel. The cast-iron wallower is carried on a wooden upright shaft. The three pairs of millstones were driven underdrift.
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The wooden brake wheel was of composite construction, diameter. It had a wooden rim and a cast-iron centre with six arms. It had been converted from clasp arm construction. The Wallower was wooden, as was the Upright Shaft.
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At the opposite end of this shaft, a gear with 35 cogs drives a wallower with 44 cogs. This drives a gear with 26 cogs which drives another gear with 51 cogs on the axle of the frame saw.
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The mill is high overall. The windshaft carries a wooden Brake Wheel with 90 iron teeth, cast in six segments. The Wallower was an iron mortice gear, with 44 wooden cogs. It was carried on a cast-iron Upright Shaft.
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Four double Patent sails are carried on a cast iron windshaft. The wallower and upright shaft are of cast iron. The great spur wheel has a cast iron centre and iron teeth. The mill drives two pairs of French Burr millstones.
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It is diameter and wide. on a cast iron axle. The pit wheel is diameter and has 120 cogs, driving a diameter wallower with 35 teeth on a diameter wooden upright shaft. The Great Spur Wheel is diameter and has 92 cogs.
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The sails are Common sails. They have a span of . The sails are carried on a wooden windshaft The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 33 cogs. This drives the wallower (16 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The Brake Wheel is composite, with an iron centre and a wooden rim. It drives a wooden compass arm Wallower on a wooden Upright Shaft. This carries a wooden compass arm Great Spur Wheel. The mill drives three pairs of millstones overdrift.
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It is diameter and wide. on a cast iron axle. The pit wheel is diameter and has 120 cogs, driving a diameter wallower with 35 teeth on a diameter wooden upright shaft. The Great Spur Wheel is diameter and has 92 cogs.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel drives the two pairs of mill stones of and diameter via a lantern pinion stone nuts.
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The smock and cap are thatched. The four Common sails have a span of and are carried in a wooden windshaft. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 37 cogs. This drives the wallower (19 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The wallower has 34 cogs. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel with 115 cogs drives two lantern pinion stone nuts, one with 37 staves and one with 38 staves. The pearl barley stones are driven by a stone nut with 28 cogs.
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The sails have a span of . The brakewheel has 59 cogs. It drives the wallower (27 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft the crown wheel (36 cogs) drives the Archimedes' screw via a gear with 35 cogs.
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Edenbridge Mill is a five storey brick tower mill with a domed cap. It had four sails carried on a cast iron windshaft. The mill was winded by a fantail. The mill retains the Wallower, upright shaft and iron Great Spur Wheel, which drove the millstones overdrift.
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The brake wheel drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft the great spur wheel, which has 80 cogs, drives the diameter French Burr millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 24 staves.
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The brake wheel drives the wallower (33 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 104 cogs drives the diameter French Burr millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 33 staves.
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The smock and cap are thatched. The four Common sails have a span of and are carried in a cast-iron windshaft. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 44 cogs. This drives the wallower (23 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The wooden brake wheel is of clasp arm construction. It has 77 cogs of pitch, driving a wooden wallower with 21 cogs. The cast-iron spur wheel is diameter with 66 cogs. It drives the two pairs of millstones underdrift via two diameter stone nuts with 32 cogs each.
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The four Common sails span . They are carried on a cast-iron windshaft which was made by the millwrights Prins van Oranje, of Den Haag in 1866. The windshaft carries the brake wheel, which has 61 cogs. It drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft.
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The brake wheel drives the wallower, at the top of the upright shaft, and a sack hoist. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which drove three pairs of millstones, of which two remain. These are driven overdrift. A crown wheel drove auxiliary machinery.
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The mill is winded by a tailpole and winch. The four Common sails have a span of and are carried in a cast-iron windshaft. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 71 cogs. This drives the wallower (38 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The wooden brake wheel is of clasp arm construction, with 104 cogs. This drove a cast-iron wallower with 33 teeth, carried on a cast-iron upright shaft. The spur wheel is also of cast iron, with 80 cogs. The stone nuts have 23 and 25 teeth respectively.
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The mill is winded by a tailpole and winch. The four Common sails have a span of and are carried in a steel windshaft. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 31 cogs. This drives the wallower (24 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The windshaft also carries the clasp arm brake wheel, which has 61 cogs. This drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 86 cogs. There are two pairs of French Burr stones.
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Both have a span of . The sails are carried on a cast-iron windshaft, which was cast by IJzergieterij Hardinxveld- Giessendam as number 47. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 65 cogs. This drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The mill is winded by a tailpole and winch. The four Common sails, which have a span of , are carried in a cast-iron windshaft. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 47 cogs. The brake wheel drives the wallower (26 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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They are carried on a cast-iron windshaft which also carries the brake wheel which drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel drives the one pairs of mill stones of diameter via a lantern pinion stone nut.
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This drives the wallower (21 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 34 cogs formerly drove an Archimedes' screw, which is now missing. The axle of the Archimedes' screw was diameter and the screw was inclined at 21½°.
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The brake wheel drives the wallower (30 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft the great spur wheel, which has 86 cogs, drives the diameter Cullen millstones and the French Burr millstones via lantern pinion stone nuts which have 27 staves each.
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This drives the wallower (30 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 88 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a pair of diameter French Burr millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 26 staves.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 31 cogs. This drives the wallower (16 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels. The upper crown wheel, which has 32 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel.
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This drives a cast-iron wallower with 25 teeth. The cast-iron upright shaft is diameter and in three parts, with dog clutches at the fourth and fifth floor. The cast-iron great spur wheel is diameter with 76 cogs. It drove three pairs of underdrift millstones of , and diameter.
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Machinery in a watermill Crown Wheel and Upright Shaft Pit Wheel, Great Spur Wheel, Stone Nut (Underdrift stones) Pit Wheel, Wallower and Upright Shaft.A Waterwheel ;Axle The axle carries the waterwheel. It can also carry the Pit Wheel at its opposite end. ;Bedstone The Bedstone is the bottom of a pair of millstones.
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The brake wheel drives the wallower (30 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 86 cogs, drives the two lantern pinion stone nuts, which have 28 staves each. These drive the millstones. One pair are Cullen stones of diameter.
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Debden Windmill is a four storey tower mill. When working it carried a conical cap with a gallery, winded by a fantail. The windshaft was cast iron and carried four double Patent sails which rotated clockwise. The Brake wheel was wood, driving a cast iron Wallower carried on a wooden Upright Shaft.
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Charing Mill is a three-storey smock mill on a single-storey base. It has a Kentish-style cap. It had two Common sails and two Spring sails and was winded by a fantail. The cast-iron windshaft carries a wooden Brake Wheel driving a wooden wallower, carried on a wooden upright shaft.
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The windshaft also carried the brake wheel, which drove the wallower at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft the crown wheel drove a gearwheel on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The Archimedes' screw was diameter. The mill could pump to of water per hour.
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This drives the wallower (15 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 26 cogs drives a gearwheel with 25 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter. The screw is diameter .
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 35 cogs. This drives the wallower (18 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 27 cogs formerly drove an Archimedes' screw, which was not fitted when the mill was re-erected.
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TQ 531 376 Groombridge Mill was working until c.1934, fed by the lake of Groombridge Place. The waterwheel was overshot, carried on a wooden axle square. This carries a cast iron pit wheel with 72 cogs, which drove the cast iron wallower with 30 teeth, carried on a wooden upright shaft.
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The mill was conveyed to Herbert Henry Minns on 1 August 1967. The cap frame and windshaft were removed in October 1979 by millwright John Lawn and a temporary cap fitted to the mill. Later, a small wind turbine was affixed to the top of the tower. The mill retains all machinery from wallower down.
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The brake wheel drove a cast iron wallower which was cast by G R Cowen & Co, Nottingham and dates to 1871 at the earliest. Other machinery in the mill is said to have been made in Belgium. It was made to metric measurements. The diameter great spur wheel is of cast iron with wooden cogs.
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The wooden Head Wheel is of clasp arm construction, diameter, with 90 cogs of pitch. It drives two pairs of overdrift French Burr millstones via a cast iron Wallower and Spur Wheel. The cast iron Tail Wheel is diameter. It drives a single pair of underdrift diameter millstones via an Upright Shaft and Spur wheel.
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The four Common sails, which have a span of are carried in a cast- iron windshaft. This was cast by Fabrikaat Prins van Oranje, The Hague in 1867. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 63 cogs. The brake wheel drives the wallower (30 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The cap is winded by a tailpole and winch. The four Common sails, which span , are carried on a cast-iron windshaft, which was cast by millwright Enthoven in 1863. The windshaft carries a clasp arm brake wheel, which has 59 cogs. This drives the wallower (29 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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It has an overshot waterwheel of diameter and wide, made by Weeks of Maidstone. The axle is cast iron and square. The pit wheel is cast iron with 96 lignum vitae cogs. The cast iron upright shaft carries a cast iron wallower with 38 teeth and a cast iron Great Spur Wheel with 104 cogs.
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The internal wheel is breastshot and is unusual in that it carries three sets of clasp arms around the timber axle. It measures diameter and wide. An iron pit wheel is driven off the wheel axle and meshes with an iron wallower of . The spur wheel measures and drives two stone nuts of diameter.
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Chislet windmill was a three-storey black smock mill on a low brick base, with four spring sails. The mill was winded by a fantail. The mill drove three pairs of millstones. The Wallower, Upright Shaft, Great Spur Wheel and two of the three Stone Nuts were wood, the third Stone Nut was iron.
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The mill in winded by a tailpole and winch. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 59 cogs. This drives the wallower (34 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel (103 cogs) drives the Archimedes' screw via a gearwheel with 37 cogs.
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The mill is winded by a tailpole and winch. The four Common Sails have a span of and are carried in a cast-iron windshaft cast by Enthuizen in 1861. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 62 cogs. This drives the wallower (30 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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Crayford Flour Mills were built in 1817. They were powered by a cast iron low breast shot waterwheel by and drove five pairs of French Burr millstones. The upright shaft was wooden, with a cast iron wallower. The waterwheel and machinery were scrapped in 1914, when roller milling plant was installed, driven by gas engines.
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This drives the wallower (19 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 28 cogs drives a gearwheel with 27 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter. The screw is diameter and long.
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This drives the wallower (29 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the lower end of the upright shaft the crown wheel (37 cogs) drives the wooden Archimedes' screw via a gear wheel with 34 cogs. The Archimedes' screw has an axle diameter of and is diameter overall. It is inclined at 19½°.
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The mill is winded by a tailpole and winch. The four Patent sails have a span of are carried in a cast-iron windshaft, which was cast by Koning. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 65 cogs. The brake wheel drives the wallower (42 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 57 cogs. This drives the wallower (28 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 70 cogs drives the diameter French Burr millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut with 23 staves.
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The cast-iron windshaft carries a diameter oak brake wheel, which drives the original cast-iron wallower on a cast iron upright shaft. The great spur wheel is a replacement, built by Mr Dallaway. Three pairs of millstones are driven overdrift. Recent photos show that the mill is missing two sails and the fantail.
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The windshaft is long. It also carries the brake wheel which has 44 cogs. This drives the wallower (25 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 35 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 39 cogs. This drives the wallower (19 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the crown wheel (see photo of engine below). Since the last restoration the Archimedes' screw can be driven by either the Lister engine or by wind power.
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The sails are carried on a cast-iron windshaft, which was cast by De Munck Keizer of Martenshoek, Groningen. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 53 cogs. This drives the wallower (30 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 133 cogs.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 57 cogs. This drives the wallower (29 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 44 cogs drives a gearwheel with 43 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 55 cogs. This drives the wallower (31 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 44 cogs drives a gearwheel with 40 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 32 cogs. This drives the wallower (17 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 26 cogs drives a gearwheel with 25 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 32 cogs. This drives the wallower (17 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 28 cogs drives a gearwheel with 25 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter.
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The sails are carried on a wooden windshaft. The brake wheel on the windshaft drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft in the body, which passed through the main post into the substructure. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel drives the Archimedes' screw. The screw is in diameter and raises the water .
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 39 cogs. This drives the wallower (20 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 50 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a pair of diameter Cullen millstones via lantern pinion stone nut which has 18 staves.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 57 cogs. This drives the wallower (28 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 61 cogs. The great spur wheel drives one pair of millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 21 staves.
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The windshaft carries an diameter clasp arm brake wheel with iron segment teeth. This drives a diameter cast iron wallower carried at the top of the cast iron upright shaft which is diameter. At the lower end the diameter great spur wheel drives two pairs of underdrift millstones via diameter cast iron stone nuts with wooden cogs.
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The mill stands to the finial, the tallest surviving mill in Suffolk. The cap is winded by a six-bladed fantail. The four Patent sails of span are carried on a cast-iron windshaft, as is the cast-iron brake wheel with wooden cogs. This drives a cast-iron wallower carried on the cast-iron upright shaft.
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The wallower can be disengaged from the brake wheel to allow the mill to be driven by auxiliary power. Lower down the upright shaft a cast-iron crown wheel drives auxiliary machinery via layshafts. The cast-iron great spur wheel drives four pairs of overdrift millstones. Two of the four pairs of millstones are controlled by a single governor.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 47 cogs. This drives the wallower (26 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 30 cogs drives a gearwheel with 28 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter.
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The windshaft also carries the clasp arm brake wheel, which has 55 cogs. This drives the wallower (27 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 77 cogs, it drives the diameter Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 26 staves.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 61 cogs. This drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 85 cogs. The great spur wheel drives one pair of millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 23 staves.
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The mill is winded by a tailpole and winch. The four Common sails have a span of and are carried in a cast-iron windshaft which was cast by Enthuizen in 1872. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 73 cogs. This drives the wallower (48 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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This drives the wallower (25 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, a crown wheel with 35 cogs drives a gear with 35 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is 340 millimetres (13¼ in) diameter. The Archimedes' screw is diameter and long.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 45 cogs. This drives the wallower (24 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft the crown wheel, which has 33 cogs drives a gearwheel with 28 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter.
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This drives the wallower (21 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 31 cogs drives a gearwheel with 30 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is 250 millimetres (9¾ inches) diameter. The screw is diameter and long.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 50 cogs. This drives the wallower (29 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 37 cogs drives a gearwheel with 34 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The wooden screw has a diameter.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 56 cogs. This drives the wallower (33 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 63 cogs. The great spur wheel drives one pair of millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 19 staves.
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The smock and cap are thatched. The four Patent sails have a span of and are carried in a cast-iron windshaft, which was cast by Prins van Oranje, Den Haag in 1879. The windshaft also carries the clasp arm brake wheel, which has 66 cogs. This drives the wallower (35 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 54 teeth. This drives the wallower (24 teeth) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 40 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a gear with 41 cogs on the crankshaft that powers the vertical frame saws.
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The mill is winded by a tailpole and winch. The four Common sails, which have a span of , are carried in a cast-iron windshaft, which was cast by Koning in 1904. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 72 cogs. The brake wheel drives the wallower (48 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 59 cogs. This drives the wallower (33 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 85 cogs. The great spur wheel drives two pairs of millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which have 28 staves each.
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Gainsford End Mill is a five-storey brick tower mill with a domed cap winded by an eight bladed Fantail. When built it had four Patent sails carried on a cast iron windshaft. The Brake Wheel drove a cast iron Wallower carried on a diameter cast iron Upright Shaft. The diameter Great Spur Wheel drove three pairs of millstones.
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The mill was winded by tailpole and winch. The four Patent sails, which had a span of , were carried in a cast-iron windshaft which was cast by Prins van Oranje, Den Haag in 1892. The windshaft also carried the brake wheel which had 67 cogs. This drove the wallower (34 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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This drives the wallower (16 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft, which passed through the main post. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel (31 cogs) drives the Archimedes' screw via a gear wheel with 29 pegs. The Archimedes' screw has an axle diameter of and is diameter overall. Its length is .
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Bursledon mill is a five-storey tower mill with a reefing stage at first floor level. The boat shaped cap is winded by a chain and wheel. The four Common sails are carried on a wooden windshaft, which also carries the wooden brake wheel. This drives the wooden wallower, located at the top of the wooden upright shaft.
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The original windshaft, wallower, upright shaft and great spur wheel are made of cast iron, as are the tooth ring of the wooden brakewheel with its timber clasp arm construction and wooden brake, all installed in the 1930s. A refinement to the mill is the elevator to replace the old sack hoist which worked off the underside of the wallower by a friction ring, and the elevator to feed the first floor bin (3rd floor) for the hurst frame. This is a massive timber frame supporting the transfer gearing and heavy mill stones casings, helping to reduce the vibration of the turning mill stones and their wheels (stone nuts). It is a separate structure inside the mill tower thus reducing the transfer of vibrations and noise into the building itself.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 53 cogs. This drives a wallower with 27 teeth, which is situated at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 78 cogs. This drives a pair of diameter French Burr millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut with 25 staves.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 59 cogs. This drives the wallower (29 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, a crown wheel with 43 cogs drives a crankshaft via a gear with 40 cogs. The crankshaft converts the circular motion into the reciprocal motion for three vertical frame saws.
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Beebe windmill is a four-story smock mill with an ogee cap winded by a fantail. Four Common sails are carried on a wooden windshaft, as is the wooden clasp arm brake wheel. This drives a cast iron wallower carried at the top of the upright shaft. At its lower end the cast iron great spur wheel drives two pairs of overdrift millstones.
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This was made by Fabrikaat De Muinck Keizer, of Martenshoek, Groningen in 1899. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 57 cogs. The brake wheel drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel (72 cogs) drives the lantern pinion stone nut, which has 19 staves.
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The sails, which are two Patents and two Commons, have a span of . They are carried in a cast iron windshaft which was cast by Fabrikaat J M de Muink Keizer of Martenshoek, Groningen, in 1905. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 55 cogs. The brake wheel drives the wallower (27 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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This drives the wallower (27 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft the great spur wheel with 93 cogs drives the lantern pinion stone nut with 25 staves. This drives the single pair of French Burr millstones. (Click on "Technische gegevens" to view) A second pair of millstones is driven by electric motor.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 62 cogs. This drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 91 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a pair of diameter Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 24 staves.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 60 cogs. This drives a wallower with 31 teeth, which is situated at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 78 cogs. This drives a pair of Cullen stones via a lantern pinion stone nut with 22 staves.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 68 cogs. This drives a lantern pinion wallower with 29 staves, which is situated at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 66 cogs. This drives a pair of diameter millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut with 23 staves.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 53 cogs. This drives a wallower with 26 cogs, which is situated at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 75 cogs. This drives a pair of diameter French Burr millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut with 24 staves.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 58 cogs. This drives a wallower with 27 teeth, which is situated at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 87 cogs. This drives two pairs of Cullen millstones via lantern pinion stone nuts with 26 staves each.
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Terpzigt is what the Dutch describe as a "spinnenkop" (English: spiderhead mill). It is a small hollow post mill winded by a winch. The four common sails have a span of and are carried on a wooden windshaft. The brake wheel on the windshaft drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft, which passed through the main post.
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The mill is winded by a tailpole and winch. The four Common sails have a span of and are carried in a cast-iron windshaft which was cast by Prins van Oranje, Den Haag in 1877. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 64 cogs. This drives the wallower (33 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The mill is winded by a tailpole and winch. The four Common sails have a span of and are carried in a cast-iron windshaft which was cast by Prins van Oranje, Den Haag in 1896. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 59 cogs. This drives the wallower (31 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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Westwood Marshes Mill is a three-storey tower mill. It had a boat-shaped cap which was winded by a tailpole and winch, in a similar manner to the smock mill at Herringfleet. There were four common sails carried on a cast-iron windshaft. The wooden brake wheel drove a wooden wallower which was carried on the wooden upright shaft.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 52 cogs. This drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the crown wheel, which has 46 cogs drives a gearwheel with 35 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter.
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The ground and first floor of the mill still contains the Mill wheel and the machinery all which are now listed. The surviving machinery includes a wheel driving pit-wheel and wallower. There is a horizontal mainshaft that once drove 6 pairs of stones, although there are only five that now survive. The mill race still flows through under the building.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 63 cogs. This drives the wallower (33 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the crown wheel, which has 44 cogs drives a gearwheel with 41 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter.
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The wooden brake wheel drives a cast-iron wallower, which drives a cast-iron great spur wheel with wooden cogs. This drives two pairs of underdrift millstones in the breast of the mill. The mill also has a flour dresser (bolter). The bolter in Keston mill has been used as the model for a reconstructed bolter in Lowfield Heath Windmill, Charlwood, Surrey.
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The windshaft also carries the wooden brake wheel, which has 56 cogs. This drives the wallower (29 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 88 cogs. The great spur wheel drives two pair of French Burr millstones via lantern pinion stone nuts which have 22 staves each.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 69 teeth. This drives the wallower (35 teeth) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 120 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a pair of diameter Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 29 staves.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 60 cogs. This drives the wallower (33 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the crown wheel, which has 41 cogs, drives a gearwheel with 42 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 60 cogs. This drives the wallower (31 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 75 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a pair of diameter Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 22 staves.
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It drives a wooden wallower with 50 cogs carried on a cast iron upright shaft. The clasp arm great spur wheel has 122 cogs and drives three stone nuts – two with 19 cogs and the third with 20 cogs. The millstones are , and diameter. As built, John Webb’s Mill had a wooden windshaft some longer than the present one, carrying four Common sails.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 47 cogs. This drives the wallower (28 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel (35 cogs) drives the wooden Archimedes' screw via a gear wheel with 31 cogs. The Archimedes' screw has an axle diameter of and is diameter overall.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 51 cogs. This drives a wallower with 28 cogs, which is situated at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 80 cogs. This drives two pairs of diameter French Burr millstones via lantern pinion stone nuts with 24 staves each.
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The smock has vertical weatherboarding and the cap is thatched. The four Common sails have a span of and are carried in a cast-iron windshaft which was made by Prins van Oranje of Den Haag in 1877. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 65 cogs. This drives the wallower (37 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 53 teeth. This drives the wallower (26 teeth) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 91 cogs. The great spur wheel drives three pairs of diameter millstones via lantern pinion stone nuts which have 26, 28 and 30 staves respectively.
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The sails are carried on a cast iron windshaft, which was cast in 1891 by De Prins van Oranje of 's Gravenhage, South Holland. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 61 cogs. This drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 95 cogs.
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Upthorpe Mill is a post mill on a single-storey roundhouse. It has two pairs of Double Patent sails carried on a wooden windshaft with a cast-iron poll end. This carries a wooden brake wheel with iron segment teeth, driving a cast-iron wallower mounted on a wooden upright shaft. The cast iron great spur wheel drives two pairs of underdrift millstones.
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This drove a cast-iron wallower with 28 teeth mounted on a wooden upright shaft. The cast-iron Great Spur Wheel has 128 cogs and drove four pairs of millstone at one time. The three surviving pairs of stones are two pairs of French Burrs and one pair of Peak stones. The Compass-arm Crown Wheel is of all-wood construction, and has 48 cogs.
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This drives the wallower (18 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 28 cogs drives a gearwheel with 26 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the screw is 210 millimetres (2¼ inches) diameter and the screw is diameter and long. The screw is inclined at 24°.
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This drives the wallower (28 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the lower end of the upright shaft the crown wheel (42 cogs) drives the steel Archimedes' screw via a gear wheel with 39 cogs. The upper bearing of the screw axle is a rare Dekker bearing, consisting of two rollers that support the axle. The Archimedes' screw diameter is diameter.
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They are carried on a cast-iron windshaft which was cast by the Koninklijke Nederlandse Grofsmederij in 1896. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 68 cogs. This drives the wallower (35 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom end of the upright shaft the great spur wheel (121 cogs) drives two lantern pinion stone nuts, of 39 staves each.
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The mill has four Common sails of span and is winded by a tailpole and winch. The sails are carried on a cast-iron windshaft, cast by millwright Sterkman in 1865. The brake wheel has 59 cogs and drives a wallower with 29 cogs. This drives the great spur wheel (which has 67 cogs) driving the lantern pinion stone nuts, which have 23 staves each.
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That drove the wallower on the upright shaft, then a diameter cast iron great spur wheel drove four pairs of millstones. There were two pairs of French burr stones and two pairs of Peak stones. One pair of each type was diameter and the other pair of each type was diameter. At the top of the upright shaft was a diameter cast iron crown wheel.
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This was cast by Fabrikaat Hardinxveld in 1997. The windshaft also carries the clasp arm brake wheel, which has 59 cogs. The brake wheel drives the wallower (29 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft the great spur wheel, which has 85 cogs, drives the diameter French Burr millstones via lantern pinion stone nut which has 26 staves.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 60 cogs. This drives a wallower with 31 teeth, which is situated at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 72 cogs. This drives a pair of Cullen millstones and a pair of French Burr stones via lantern pinion stone nuts with 22 staves each.
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This drives a lantern pinion wallower with 30 staves, which is situated at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 100 cogs. This drives a pair of Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut with 24 staves and a pair of French Burr millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut with 30 staves.
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The Geeuwpoldermolen is what the Dutch describe as a spinnenkop (English: spiderhead mill). It is a small hollow post mill winded by a winch. The four common sails have a span of and are carried on a wooden windshaft. The brake wheel on the windshaft drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft in the body, which passed through the main post into the substructure.
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The brake wheel on the windshaft drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft in the body (called head on a spinnenkop), which passed through the main post into the substructure. Here the crown wheel drives a shaft with pulleys and a flat belt. The mill is built on top of a brick storage shed. It formerly powered a horizontal saw located outside.
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The windshaft also carries the clasp arm brake wheel, which has 59 cogs. This drives the wallower (30 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 104 cogs, drives the two pairs of millstones. The diameter French Burr stones are driven by a lantern pinion stone nut which has 29 staves.
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The Buitenmolen is a brick tower mill with a high mound built up around the mill for the miller to reach the sails. The four common sails have a span of . They are carried on a wooden windshaft, in length which was initially fitted in 1969 and replaced in 2002. The windshaft carries the brake wheel which drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 58 cogs. This drives the wallower (35 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 53 cogs drives a gearwheel with 38 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the screw is diameter and the screw is diameter and long.
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The sails are Common sails with a span of . The sails are carried on a wooden windshaft that carries the 41-cog brake wheel. This drives the wallower (23 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 33 cogs drives a gearwheel with 29 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw.
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The four Patent sails, which have a span of are carried on a cast-iron windshaft. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 57 cogs. This drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the lower end of the upright shaft the crown wheel (53 cogs) drives the steel Archimedes' screw via a gear wheel with 48 cogs.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 54 cogs. This drives the wallower (29 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 74 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a pair of Cullen millstones and a pair of Peak millstones via lantern pinion stone nuts which have 22 staves each.
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This drives the wallower (17 pegs) at the top of the upright shaft, which passed through the main post. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel (32 pegs) drives the Archimedes' screw via a gear wheel with 31 pegs. The Archimedes' screw has an axle diameter of 275 millimetres (10¾ in) and is diameter overall. It is inclined at an angle of 27½°.
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The four Patent sails, which have a span of , are carried in a cast-iron windshaft which was cast by Ijzergieterij Versteeg-Ensink of Hardinxveld-Giessendam in 1985. This was the first windshaft cast by Versteeg-Ensink. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 70 cogs. This drives the conical lantern pinion wallower (38 staves) at the top of the upright shaft.
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This drives the wallower (19 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 28 cogs drives a gearwheel with 27 cogs on the axle of the wooden Archimedes' screw. The axle of the screw is 250 millimetres (9¾ inches) diameter and the screw is diameter and long. The screw is inclined at 25½°.
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The universal joint in the Upright Shaft The Compass Arm Great Spur Wheel The Upright Shaft is wooden, in two sections for reasons noted above. It is twelve sided, across the flats and long in total. The Wallower is of compass arm construction, diameter with 43 cogs. At the bottom of the Upright shaft the diameter compass arm Great Spur Wheel has 126 cogs.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 38 cogs. This drives the wallower (20 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 29 cogs drives a gearwheel with 30 cogs on the axle of the wooden Archimedes' screw. The axle of the screw is diameter and the screw is diameter and long.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 31 cogs. This drives the wallower (16 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 32 cogs drives a gearwheel with 29 cogs on the axle of the wooden Archimedes' screw. The axle of the screw is diameter and the screw is diameter and long.
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That drove the wallower on the upright shaft, then a diameter cast iron great spur wheel drove four pairs of millstones. There were two pairs of French burr stones and two pairs of Peak stones. One pair of each type was diameter and the other pair of each type was diameter. At the top of the upright shaft was a diameter cast iron crown wheel.
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This drove a cast iron wallower with 28 teeth mounter on a wooden upright shaft. The cast iron Great Spur Wheel has 128 cogs and drove four pairs of millstone at one time. The three surviving pairs of stones are two pairs of French Burrs and one pair of Peak stones. The Compass-arm Crown Wheel is of all wood construction, and has 48 cogs.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 38 cogs. This drives the wallower (20 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 33 cogs drives a gearwheel with 29 cogs on the axle of the wooden Archimedes' screw. The axle of the screw is diameter and the screw is diameter and long.
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The original mill building having a peg tile roof with the extension being roofed in slate. The cast-iron waterwheel is diameter and wide, mounted on a wooden axle, driving a cast-iron pit wheel with 92 wooden cogs. The cast-iron wallower has 32 teeth and is carried on a wooden upright shaft, driving a cast-iron Great Spur Wheel with 120 cogs. This drove three pairs of millstones.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 63 cogs. This drives a wallower with 32 teeth, which is situated at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 82 cogs. This drives a pair of diameter French Burr millstones and a pair of Cullen stones via lantern pinion stone nuts with 25 staves each.
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Teetlum is what the Dutch describe as a "spinnenkop" (English: spiderhead mill). It is a small hollow post mill winded by a winch. The four common sails have a span of and are carried on a wooden windshaft. The brake wheel on the windshaft drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft in the body (called head on a spinnenkop), which passed through the main post into the substructure.
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Chillenden windmill is a white open- trestle post mill with four spring sails carried on a cast-iron windshaft. The windshaft carries a cast-iron brake wheel with a wooden rim. The brake wheel has fifty wooden cogs, driving a cast-iron wallower on a cast-iron upright shaft. This carries a cast-iron great spur wheel which drives two pairs of underdrift millstones in the head of the mill.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 53 cogs. This drives a wallower with 24 cogs, which is situated at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 68 cogs. This drives a pair of diameter Cullen millstones and a pair of diameter French Burr stones via lantern pinion stone nuts with 20 staves each.
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It also carries the brake wheel which has 48 cogs. This drives the wallower (31 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 34 cogs, drives an Archimedes' screw. The lower crown wheel, which has 33 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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This drives the wallower (18 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel, which has 28 cogs drives a gearwheel with 27 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The diameter of the axle of the Archimedes' screw measures 235 millimetres (9¼ inches) in diameter; the screw has a diameter and a length of . The screw is inclined at 23°.
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The brake wheel drives the wallower (31 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft the great spur wheel, which has 79 cogs, drives the diameter Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 25 staves each. The millstones are driven overdrift. As of October 2009, the inner sail stock is the oldest surviving example made by Christiaan Bremer.
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The fantail and associated gearing was fitted to the mill. At the end of the second work-in, the cap could be turned by means of the hand crank. The fantail itself, with the blades painted red, white and blue was installed shortly afterwards. The clasp arm brake wheel was assembled around the windshaft. It was found that the wallower was eccentric on the upright shaft by ½ inch (13 mm).
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The pit wheel is diameter with 80 cogs, driving a cast-iron Wallower carried on the upright shaft and driving a diameter Great Spur Wheel which drove three pairs of millstones. A Crown Wheel drove two lineshafts.Spain (1986), p27-33 The mill was run by the Tanton family for many years. A John Tanton was the miller in 1764, and another John Tanton died in 1837 aged 72.
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The brake wheel is a wooden clasp-arm type with an iron tooth ring and wooden brake. The wallower is also made of iron with a wooden friction drive to the sackhoist. The dust floor is more spacious than is often found in Lincolnshire and is lit by windows. Three pairs of grinding stones, two grey and one French, survive on the fourth floor with vats, spouts etc.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 51 teeth. This drives the lantern pinion wallower (21 staves) at the top of the wooden upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the wooden great spur wheel, which has 56 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a pair of Cullen millstones and a pair of French Burr millstones via lantern pinion stone nuts which have 20 staves each.
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The original mill building having a peg tile roof with the extension being roofed in slate. The cast iron waterwheel is diameter and wide, mounted on a wooden axle, driving a cast iron pit wheel with 92 wooden cogs. The cast iron wallower has 32 teeth and is carried on a wooden upright shaft, driving a cast iron Great Spur Wheel with 120 cogs. This drove three pairs of millstones.
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If mounted on a Layshaft it is called a Spur Wheel and only drives one Stone Nut ;Hurst Frame An internal framework supporting the gears and millstones. This isolation prevents damage to the building from the vibrations of the workings. ;Layshaft A Layshaft in a watermill is a horizontal shaft, carrying a Wallower and one or more Spur Wheels. The term can also refer to a minor shaft driving machinery by pulleys and belts.
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No other machinery remains, since the wallower, upright shaft and great spur wheel were removed after the mill ceased to operate by wind The mill has four floors, a thatched cap and is constructed of local limestone known in the area as Blue Lias. It has two pairs of diameter millstones. One pair is French Burr stones, which date from 1859. The other pair has a French Burr runner stone on a conglomerate bedstone.
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The Monnikenburenmolen or Nijhuizumermolen is what the Dutch describe as a "spinnenkop" (English: spiderhead mill). It is a small hollow post mill winded by a winch. The four common sails have a span of and are carried on a wooden windshaft. The brake wheel on the windshaft drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft in the weatherboarded body, which passed through the main post into the octagonal, thatched substructure.
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The Himriksmole is what the Dutch describe as a spinnenkop (English: spiderhead mill). It is a small hollow post mill wound by a winch. The four common sails have a span of and are carried on a cast iron windshaft. The brake wheel on the windshaft drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft in the body (on a spinnenkop called the head), which passes through the main post into the substructure.
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The stocks and brake wheel are carried on the windshaft and drive the wallower at the top of the upright shaft in the body (called head on a spinnenkop), which passed through the main post into the substructure. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the crown wheel which drives the wooden Archimedes' screw. The body (called head on a spinnenkop) is weatherboarded while the substructure is thatched and rests on a brick base.
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The spinnenkop (English: spiderhead mill) of the Netherlands Open Air Museum is a small hollow post mill winded by a winch. The mill has common sails. The wooden stocks have a span of and and are carried on a wooden windshaft. The brake wheel on the windshaft drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft in the body (called head on a spinnenkop), which passed through the main post into the substructure.
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It also carries the brake wheel which has 61 cogs. This drives the wallower (31 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 43 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 41 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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It also carries the brake wheel which has 40 cogs. This drives the wallower (23 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 33 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 27 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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It also carries the brake wheel which has 47 cogs. This drives the wallower (24 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 35 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 34 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 58 cogs. This drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. The great spur wheel, which has 90 cogs, drove a pair of millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut with 25 staves. At the bottom of the upright shaft the crown wheel, which has 35 cogs, drives a gearwheel with 43 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw.
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This drives the wallower (30 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 43 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 38 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder. The axle of the screw is diameter and long.
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They have a span of . The sails on the outer sailstock are Ten Have sails, with leading edges fitted with aerofoils on the Van Bussel system. They have a span of . The sails are carried on a cast-iron windshaft, which was cast by A Sterkman en Zoon, 's-Gravenhage. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 63 cogs. This drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 50 cogs. This drives the wallower (31 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 41 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 35 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 55 cogs. This drives the wallower (30 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 42 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 36 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 37 cogs. This drives the wallower (18 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 29 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 32 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 45 cogs. This drives the wallower (23 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 35 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 30 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 35 cogs. This drives the wallower (18 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 30 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 31 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 48 cogs. This drives the wallower (27 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 43 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 40 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 55 cogs. This drives the wallower (29 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 39 cogs, drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 35 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 60 cogs. This drives the wallower (30 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 36 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 37 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 48 cogs. This drives the wallower (25 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 36 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 33 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The mill with sails, 2010 Bardwell Mill is a four storey tower mill. The beehive cap is winded by a fantail. When fitted, the four double Patent sails have a span of and are carried on a cast iron windshaft which was cast in 1989 (the original windshaft in the mill was cast in two pieces). The brake wheel is wood, driving a cast iron wallower carried on a wooden upright shaft.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 54 cogs. This drives the wallower (25 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 30 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 29 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 59 cogs. This drives the wallower (33 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 43 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 40 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 65 cogs. This drives the wallower (32 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 37 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 36 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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The windshaft carries the brake wheel which has 65 cogs. This drives the wallower (33 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 47 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 44 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which is used to drain the polder.
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It also carries the brake wheel which has 47 cogs. This drives the wallower (24 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 31 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 32 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which was used to drain the polder.
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It also carries the brake wheel which has 43 cogs. This drives the wallower (22 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft there are two crown wheels The upper crown wheel, which has 33 cogs drives an Archimedes' screw via a crown wheel. The lower crown wheel, which has 32 cogs is carried on the axle of an Archimedes' screw, which was used to drain the polder.
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The bearing-stone for an earlier, undershot waterwheel was found during renovation and this dates to the fourteenth century. In full working order the current wheel produced about , rotating at 8 r.p.m. and driving three pairs of millstones, through gearing, at 120 r.p.m. The pit wheel and wallower are of the same date as the waterwheel, but the great spur wheel, made of oak with applewood teeth, has been dated to 1580.
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The term layshaft originates with watermill machinery. The layshaft is the gear- carrying shaft that links the wallower (the small spur gear driven at increased speed by the waterwheel) to any upright shafts that carry the millstones. The term, layshaft, was also used by millwrights, in both wind- and watermills, to refer to a shaft that drove secondary machinery such as sack hoists, rather than the main milling machinery. The term layshaft was also applied to back-geared lathes.
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A three-story, 34-bay brick-built mill built on the site of a previous mill. Water for the waterwheel entered through two head gates connected to the upper dam. One gate opened to the working wheel, while the other lead to the wheel pit of a former wheel, a wallower passes the rotary motion to each floor, which contain line shafts. The Lewis Hine photograph shows that mill had spinning mules with a short travel.
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The wooden Brake Wheel is of clasp arm construction, diameter, with 96 cogs. This drives an iron Wallower of with 47 cogs. At the lower end of the long wooden Upright Shaft is the clasp arm Great Spur Wheel, which has 108 cogs, and drove three pairs of millstones. The two pairs of French Burr stones being driven by Stone Nuts with 26 cogs, whilst the Peak stones were driven by a Stone Nut with 25 cogs.
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A Domesday site, Orpington Mill stood almost at the source of the River Cray. The mill building dated from the 18th century and was of traditional construction, with a timber frame clad with weatherboards under a peg tile roof. The mill was powered by a by cast iron waterwheel carried on a cast iron axle which had replaced an earlier wooden one. Much of the machinery was of cast iron, including the wallower, great spur wheel and crown wheel.
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The four common sails have a span of . They are carried on a cast-iron windshaft cast by Enthoven & Co as number 0286 in 1861 though it was only fitted in the mill 1888 after the former wooden axle broke. As the cast iron shaft was to short it was partly encased in the remainder of the wooden shaft. The windshaft carries the brake wheel which drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft.
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The Brake Wheel was converted from Compass arm construction. It has a six-armed, cast-iron centre and wooden rim and it is diameter. The mill was originally built with the millstones arranged head and tail, and was converted to a breast stone layout at the time the cast-iron windshaft and patent sails were fitted. The wallower is wooden, and was secondhand when fitted to the mill, as was the cast-iron great spur wheel.
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This drives the wallower (29 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft the crown wheel, which has 42 cogs drives a gearwheel with 37 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. A spur wheel with 63 cogs on the upright shaft is driven by a lantern pinion with 19 staves which receives the belt drive from the battery driven electric motor. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 57 cogs. This drives the wallower (28 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 100 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a pair of French Burr millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 24 staves and a pair of Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 26 staves.
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The millwright replaced it because he did not like the use of a cast iron windshaft in a Spinnekop. The brake wheel has 35 cogs, It drives the wallower (17 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft, which is contained within the post of the trestle. At the lower end of the upright shaft, the crown wheel (30 cogs) drives the Archimedes' screw via a gearwheel with 33 cogs. The Archimedes' screw is made of wood.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 59 cogs. This drives the wallower (30 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 81 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a pair of diameter Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 22 staves and a second pair of diameter Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 23 staves.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 48 cogs. This drives the wallower (25 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 70 cogs. The great spur wheel drives a pair of diameter Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 25 staves and a pair of diameter Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 24 staves.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 63 cogs. This drives the wallower (34 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel (100 cogs) drives the lantern pinion stone nuts for the millstones (25 and 27 staves) and the lantern pinion stone nuts for the pearl barley stones (21 staves). All four pairs of stones are French Burrs, those used for flour milling are diameter.
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It could be used for storage of grain and gives internal access to the cap. The cast-iron wallower, which is driven by the brake wheel is carried at the top of the upright shaft, in the centre of the mill. The bin floor is where the grain is stored before being ground into flour. The sack hoist mechanism is housed on this floor, driven from the wooden crown wheel on the floor below by belt.
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As in many windmills, The Lily features two sets of gears between the sails and the millstones. The first one is between the brake wheel and the wallower which have 63 and 29 teeth respectively. The second gear is formed by the great spur wheel and the stone nut which have 66 and 23 teeth respectively. The number of teeth in each gear has been designed to be coprime to ensure even wear and smooth running of these gears.
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The four common sails, which have a span of are carried in a cast-iron windshaft which was cast by Prins van Oranje, Den Haag in 1895. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 65 cogs. This drives the wallower (35 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 85 cogs, drives two pairs of French Burr millstones via lantern pinion stone nuts with 25 staves each.
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The steel stocks are carried on a cast iron windshaft cast by Gieterij Hardinxveld as number 30 in 1989. The brake wheel on the windshaft drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft in the body (called head on a spinnenkop), which passed through the main post into the substructure. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the crown wheel which drives the wooden Archimedes' screw. The body (called head on a spinnenkop) and substructure are weatherboarded.
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Height of the tower is from ground level to curb. the cap is from curb to roof hatch, giving the mill an overall height of The cast iron windshaft is in two parts, with a separate tail section. It carries four Single Patent sails (originally double Patents, later cut down), and a wooden diameter clasp arm brake wheel of oak and elm with 99 iron segment teeth. This drives a wooden wallower with 44 teeth carried on a wooden upright shaft.
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TQ 989 450 The corn mill to the north of Hothfield still retains most of its machinery. It stood on a stream which feeds into the Great Stour. The cast-iron overshot waterwheel is diameter and wide, carried on a square cast-iron axle, driving a cast-iron Pit Wheel with 88 cogs. This drove a cast-iron wallower carried on a square cast-iron Upright Shaft, which also carried a Great Spur Wheel which originally drove four pairs of millstones and latterly drove two pairs.
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There was a stage at first floor level. Two pairs of French Burr millstones were driven by wind, with a third pair by steam engine towards the end of the mill’s working life. As originally built, the mill had an oak windshaft, square at the poll end and long carrying four Common sails with cloths long by wide. The windshaft carried an elm brake wheel diameter with 80 cogs, which drove an elm wallower diameter with 46 cogs, carried on an oak upright shaft long and square.
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It is carried on the Windshaft and drives the Wallower on the Upright Shaft ;Buck The Buck is an East-Anglian term for the body of a post-mill. ;Centrifugal governors Governors are used to regulate the distance and pressure between millstones in windmills in the 17th century. ;Crown Tree The Crown Tree is the central, single baulk of timber, usually oak, that rests on top of the post in a post mill. Attached to it are the side-girts and the rest of the frame of the buck.
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The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 63 cogs. This drives the wallower (33 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 89 cogs, drives the diameter Cullen stones via a lantern pinion stone nut with 33 staves and the diameter French Burr stones via a lantern pinion stone nut with 29 staves. (Click on "Technische gegevens" to view.) A pair of edge runner stones are driven via a lantern pinion stone nut with 29 staves.
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The Brake Wheel and Wallower The octagonal cast-iron windshaft has two square sections to take a Head Wheel and Tail Wheel as was its intended purpose in a post mill, and was moved to Upminster from a post mill near Maldon in 1899 to replace one broken during a storm. It carries a diameter composite Brake Wheel with eight cast-iron arms and six wooden cants. The Brake Wheel has 78 cogs. The neck bearing of the windshaft is a roller bearing, fitted after the mill ceased working commercially.
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The cast iron upright shaft carries a cast iron wallower with 38 teeth and a cast iron Great Spur Wheel with 104 cogs. It powered three pairs of millstones. One pair are French Burr stones (by Hughes & Son of Dover and London) of diameter, one pair are Peak stones of diameter and the third pair have a Peak runner stone on a French Burr bedstone, both diameter. The Crown Wheel drove two layshafts, which powered various machines including a "Ureka" winnower and an oat crusher by Ganz & Co., of Budapest, Hungary.
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The mill may have started life with two Common sails and two Spring sails carried on a wooden windshaft as the wooden clasp arm Brake Wheel has had to be fitted with packing pieces to enable it to fit the current windshaft, which being of iron is a smaller diameter than a wooden one would be. The Wallower is of cast iron, carried on a wooden upright shaft. This carries the Great Spur Wheel, which is of iron with wooden cogs and drove the two pairs of millstones underdrift. A third pair was added when steam power was installed.
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Later designs incorporated horizontal steel or cast iron turbines and these were sometimes refitted into the old wheel mills. In most wheel-driven mills, a large gear- wheel called the pit wheel is mounted on the same axle as the water wheel and this drives a smaller gear-wheel, the wallower, on a main driveshaft running vertically from the bottom to the top of the building. This system of gearing ensures that the main shaft turns faster than the water wheel, which typically rotates at around 10 rpm. The millstones themselves turn at around 120 rpm.
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