118 Sentences With "value judgment" | Random Sentence Generator

"Seems" implies a value judgment about Trump: the sort of value judgment many Americans are tired of the press making under the guise of hard, objective news.

That's not a value judgment; they're just fundamentally different experiences.

That's not a value judgment, it's a statement of fact.

That isn't a value judgment, or even necessarily a criticism.

As such it is very properly subject to value judgment.

I'm not trying to put a value judgment on it.

I'm not making a value judgment here, just stating the facts.

I'm going to make ... I'm going to make a value judgment there.

There's not – I'm not making a value judgment; they ran against the institution.

Okay, what mother wouldn&apost be making a value judgment about that vocational choice?

So who's excepted — or, if you will, essential — is in part a value judgment.

The bad in the title doesn't refer to a value-judgment, but a value-creation.

And that value judgment can be seen in all areas of this Republican-controlled government.

Her photographs seek out the brazenly explicit, forcing viewers to make a visceral value judgment.

I am not making a value judgment about whether high-income people should get tax cuts.

This isn't a value judgment; Trader Joe's sells many tasty things and is usually affordable with them.

You can't apply that statement to 4 or Beyoncé, but that doesn't make it a value judgment.

I'm just interviewing people who are asserting their own experiences without assigning any kind of value judgment.

" It added: "They don't take position on these signs, and don't cast a value judgment on them.

Whether those things are worth higher administrative costs is a value judgment on which reasonable people can disagree.

Did the first paragraph contain, besides a value judgment, five commas, two em-dashes and only one period?

This is not a value judgment but a statement of fact with regard to money, energy, and time.

Some, she worried, may even see the appointment as a value judgment on her skills or her sanity.

It's fine to feel painful feelings and be upset but don't assign a value judgment to your feelings.

Rather, like so many other decisions made every day by college students, teachers, and administrators, it's a value judgment.

And it's this value judgment, the association to weakness, that clouds so much of our dialogue on the topic.

Generational stereotyping is a particular favorite when it comes to value-judgment-based shorthand: The Greatest Generation are patriots.

It seems rational to value life more than a game, but Silcox argues that it's actually an irrational value judgment.

Another word for that is a warlord, which we use not as a value judgment but as a definitional matter.

"Death is a value judgment based on cultural, philosophical, religious, social and other considerations," says Rihito Kimura, a Japanese lawyer and bioethicist.

Watch out, however, for the tater tot hotdish, which Batali somehow manages to introduce without delivering a value judgment on the ingredients.

While Twitter's official line has always been that verification isn't a value judgment by the company, in practice that hasn't been the case.

The big takeaway from our conversation is that the debate about health care, like nearly all political debates, reduces to a value judgment.

I don't want to make any value judgment because I don't think it's up to me to tell people how to spend their time.

But it wasn't just another technical tweak — it represented Google making a deliberate value judgment that some kinds of content were worse than other kinds.

Ultimately, it made a value judgment that low-quality content farms were bad content, and deliberately changed its algorithms to demote them in search results.

As I've written elsewhere, the designation of "cult" is more often an aesthetic value judgment — a religious group that "seems weird" — rather than an academic one.

Were he to make an endorsement in the Democratic primary as a linchpin to that legacy, his value judgment on the point would be widely shared.

"We are efficient predators and have been for a really long time — so there's not a value judgment here — it's just what hominids did," said Smith.

Deciding what's "spammy" is a value judgment that will lock some website operators out in the cold, even when it improves the overall experience for users.

To be clear, in this context, "worst" isn't a value judgment of the jobs themselves, but a determination based on the values of the people surveyed.

Under the efficiency gap, votes that don't go to the winning candidate in those districts are considered to be "wasted votes," which isn't a value judgment.

This value judgment is not the one that lawmakers necessarily intend to invoke, but it is the one that some liberals are seeing in the overall response.

IBM's system didn't make the value judgment, but it did provide a bunch of information to the bank showing both sides of a debate about the stock.

Cardiothoracic surgeons don't want to have to transplant hearts, but they don't have a value judgment about whether it's good or bad to have a heart transplant.

While your editors made a value judgment about the veracity of these claims, American intelligence agencies apparently took the memos seriously enough to open their own investigations.

In other words, politicians are making a value judgment that the welfare system is itself a scam, and most of the people relying on it are fraudsters. Precisely.

It's not a "better" or "worse" value judgment to say the success of one thing helped to revive another, at-the-time-less-popular thing that was vaguely similar.

This choice still depends on the value judgment of the human, and will change depending on if the obstacle is a gas main, a boulder, or an electrical wire.

That's not a value judgment, but he sat for nearly a year on President Barack Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland to the Supreme Court, arguing it should be the next president's nomination.

Amazon, which has not responded to Motherboard's request for comment, could claim that banning third-party merchandise would be making a value judgment, and that Infowars Life isn't violating its code of conduct.

"I don't think it's necessarily a value judgment on either candidate, more so that with some certainty, people can make some investment decisions," O'Hanley told "Squawk on the Street" in a separate interview Monday.

This is a time of "viral dress" and "influential dress," ideas that often have little do with the subjective value judgment attached to the word "best," and which are measurable in some objective way.

To treat the open forum of the classroom or the campus like just another town square—and thus to explain value judgment and knowledge prioritization on campus in terms of censorship or "shutting down" speech—is misguided.

Kaeser said his decision to skip the event was no condemnation of the Saudi population or a value judgment on Siemens's 2,000 local employees in Saudi Arabia and partners like Saudi Aramco, SABIC, SEC and the Abunayyan group.

But because the regulations prescribe a blanket prohibition against home birth for every first-time pregnancy where someone is older than 40, without any consideration for individual health status, Hammack says that feels like a value judgment rather than a warranted regulation.

I don't have a value judgment about screen time; it's just that I've finally reached a point in my life and career where I spend a lot of time generating inspiration and ideas, not scrolling for them, and that is such a luxury.

"Were the court to make the confidential records available for journalistic, and thus public, scrutiny, it would impermissibly inject itself into the political process by making the value judgment of what information is useful in determining the present candidate's, or any other candidate's, fitness for office," the judge wrote.

"Were the court to make the confidential records available for journalistic, and thus public, scrutiny, it would impermissibly inject itself into the political process by making the value judgment of what information is useful in determining the present candidate's, or any other candidate's, fitness for office," Nervo wrote.

But when women have limited tools for recognizing dangerous encounters, and the consequences of "just talk to them to find out!" can be unpleasant and demeaning; sometimes the only course of action is making a value judgment about a white guy with a trendy haircut, and not interacting in the first place.

But no-platforming is better understood as the kind of value judgment that lies at heart of a liberal arts education—"liberal" referring not to politics, of course, but to the kinds of knowledge the ancient Greeks and Romans believed were necessary for the flourishing of a free person, necessary for full and effective participation in civic life.

So when the debate hosts decide that the only people with the proper standing to contribute to this event are those who haven't paid attention to the presidential race so far, that those who are attentive to politics and have made up their mind are hereby disqualified from further participation, they're making a value judgment of one over the other.

ORLAN's striptease shoots an arrow from the sacred to the profane, a full unmasking of Bernini's barely disguised eroticism, while Wilke's performance is more ambiguous: her transformation from a Roman goddess to a transgendered Christ is too pointed to be unadulterated fun and too joyful for calculated blasphemy; either way, the apparent transition from paganism to Christianity occurs without the artist placing a value judgment on either.

Value judgment provides criteria for decision making. Behavior generation is responsible for planning and execution of behaviors.

A value judgment (or value judgement) is a judgment of the rightness or wrongness of something or someone, or of the usefulness of something or someone, based on a comparison or other relativity. As a generalization, a value judgment can refer to a judgment based upon a particular set of values or on a particular value system. A related meaning of value judgment is an expedient evaluation based upon limited information at hand, an evaluation undertaken because a decision must be made on short notice.

Value judgment also can refer to a tentative judgment based on a considered appraisal of the information at hand, taken to be incomplete and evolving—for example, a value judgment on whether to launch a military attack, or as to procedure in a medical emergency. In this case the quality of judgment suffers because the information available is incomplete as a result of exigency, rather than as a result of cultural or personal limitations. Most commonly the term value judgment refers to an individual's opinion. Of course, the individual's opinion is formed to a degree by their belief system, and the culture to which they belong.

As an example, scientific "truths" are considered objective, but are held tentatively, with the understanding that more careful evidence and/or wider experience might change matters. Further, a scientific view (in the sense of a conclusion based upon a value system) is a value judgment that is socially constructed based upon rigorous evaluation and wide consensus. With this example in mind, characterizing a view as a value judgment is vague without description of the context surrounding it. However, as noted in the first segment of this article, in common usage the term value judgment has a much simpler meaning with context simply implied, not specified.

Also, Ye promoted critical thinking and the importance of personal value judgment. He suggested that these learning skills should be built within the students and were the basis for students' lifelong learning.

For Ayer, ethical or aesthetic judgments are subjective rather than objective, and cannot be demonstrated to be true or false. Ethical or aesthetic judgments express feelings, not propositions, and have no objective validity. Value-judgments are not analytic, and are not verifiable as 'matters of fact.' According to Ayer when we argue about whether a value- judgment is right or wrong, we are really arguing about the empirical facts on which a value-judgment is based, or about the logical interpretation of empirical facts.

The term value judgment can be used objectively to refer to any injunction that implies an obligation to carry out an act, implicitly involving the terms "ought" or "should". It can be used either in a positive sense, signifying that a judgment must be made taking a value system into account, or in a disparaging sense, signifying a judgment made by personal whim rather than objective thought or evidence. In its positive sense, a recommendation to make a value judgment is an admonition to consider carefully, to avoid whim and impetuousness, and search for consonance with one's deeper convictions, and to search for an objective, verifiable, public, and consensual set of evidence for the opinion. In its disparaging sense the term value judgment implies a conclusion is insular, one-sided, and not objective — contrasting with judgments based upon deliberation, balance and public evidence.

So a natural extension of the term value judgment is to include declarations seen one way from one value system, but may be seen differently from another. Conceptually this extension of definition is related both to the anthropological axiom "cultural relativism" (that is, that cultural meaning derives from a context) and to the term "moral relativism" (that is, that moral and ethical propositions are not universal truths, but stem from cultural context). A value judgment formed within a specific value system may be parochial, and may be subject to dispute in a wider audience.

The Dutch Association of Publishers categorizes the magazines in the Netherlands into four classes: (1) general-interest magazines, (2) opinion magazines, (3) TV and radio guides, and (4) professional and scientific magazines. The listing here is topical, without making a value judgment if, for example, a music magazine is professional or not.

Philosophical research is conducted by field experts within the boundaries of a specific field of study or profession, the best qualified individual in any field of study to use an intellectual analysis, in order to clarify definitions, identify ethics, or make a value judgment concerning an issue in their field of study their lives.

Libel is a civil offense and requires defendants to prove the truth of opinion or value judgment contained in news reports or commentaries. Penalties include two years' imprisonment and possible fines. Militant groups such as Boko Haram threaten, attack, and kill journalists in connection with their reporting of the sect's activities. Journalists practice self-censorship.

The musical interest of his verse - taken as a whole - is subordinated to its meaning, and that differentiates it from poetry. Doing otherwise would have interfered with his intention. Eliot did not imply a value judgment. Kipling did not write verse because he could not write poetry; he wrote verse because it does something which poetry cannot do.

Whether the statements were relevant to the occasion essentially involved a value judgment. The branch secretary had had the right to make the allegations and impart them to NEHAWU members; the latter had a reciprocal right to receive them, which right is underlined by the Constitution of South Africa.s 23. The court found that the relevance of the statements could not be disputed.

Searle argues that the goal of science is to establish and validate statements which are epistemically objective (i.e., whose truth can be discovered and evaluated by any interested party), but are not necessarily ontologically objective. Searle calls any value judgment epistemically subjective. Thus, "McKinley is prettier than Everest" is epistemically subjective, whereas "McKinley is higher than Everest" is epistemically objective.

While investigating the dispositional model, Judge et al. (1997) reasoned that the traits most likely to predict job satisfaction would maintain three important characteristics: evaluation-focused, fundamental, and large in scope. #Evaluation-focused: An evaluative trait is one that involves a fundamental value judgment about oneself, rather than a simple description ("I am confident and worthy," vs. "I am ambitious").

RCS-4 control paradigm. RCS-4 is developed since the 1990s by the NIST Robot Systems Division. The basic building block is shown in the figure). The principal new feature in RCS-4 is the explicit representation of the Value Judgment (VJ) system. VJ modules provide to the RCS-4 control system the type of functions provided to the biological brain by the limbic system.

They have a "magnetic" effect, an imperative force, a tendency to influence the interlocutor's decisions. They are strictly bound to moral values leading to value judgments and potentially triggering specific emotions. For this reason, they have an emotive dimension. In the modern psychological terminology, we can say that these terms carry "emotional valence", as they presuppose and generate a value judgment that can lead to an emotion.

To implement this streamlined concept, observance of the following rules was attempted: # The pilot, NFO or enlisted naval aircrewman is considered to have above-average intelligence and normal (average) common sense. # No values (pressure, temperature, quantity, etc.) which cannot be read in the cockpit are stated, except where such use provides the pilot with a value judgment. Only the information required to fly the aircraft is provided. # Multiple failures (emergencies) are not covered.

Multimodality also can be used to associate a text with a specific argumentative purpose, e.g., to state facts, make a definition, cause a value judgment, or make a policy decision. Jeanne Fahnestock and Marie Secor, professors at the University of Maryland and the Pennsylvania State University, labeled the fulfillment of these purposes stases. A text's stasis can be altered by multimodality, especially when several mediums are juxtaposed to create an individualized experience or meaning.

The word "critic" comes ,Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus, Kritikos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott. which is a Greek derivation of the word (krités), meaning a person who offers reasoned judgment or analysis, value judgment, interpretation or observation.Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus, Krites, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott. Early English meaning of criticism was based mainly on the criticism of literature and it was in the 17th century that more general forms of criticism began.

RCS NODE Internal structure. The 4D/RCS nodes have internal structure such as shown in the figure. Within each node there typically are four functional elements or processes: # behavior generation, # world modeling, # sensory processing, and # value judgment. There is also a knowledge database that represents the node’s best estimate of the state of the world at the range and resolution that are appropriate for the behavioral decisions that are the responsibility of that node.

The disposition of the relationship can be qualified as positive, neutral or negative. The strength of the relationship is quantifiable through a relative percentage from 0% (weak) to 100% (strong) and a degree of separation (for example, 1 degree of separation means the trust relationship is direct, see Six degrees of separation). The characteristics of the relationship may change over variable periods of time (from instantaneously to slowly). Institutional trust is often expressed through a value judgment.

Some argue that true objectivity is impossible, that even the most rigorous rational analysis is founded on the set of values accepted in the course of analysis. Consequently, all conclusions are necessarily value judgments (and therefore may be parochial). Of course, putting all conclusions in one category does nothing to distinguish between them, and is therefore a useless descriptor. Categorizing a conclusion as a value judgment takes substance when the context framing the judgment is specified.

Rwanda's literary history is largely an oral one. The traditional texts were classed in two main categories: more formal, royal documents, which are described as 'official tradition', and the non-formal, popular literature. The distinction between these categories is based on whether or not the literature was controlled officially, rather than denoting any sort of value judgment regarding the content. To this day, storytelling and public speaking are much admired, and good storytellers are respected in society.

4D-RCS reference model architecture for an individual vehicle. It contains many layers of computational nodes each containing elements of sensory processing, world modeling, value judgment, and behavior generation. The 4D/RCS Reference Model Architecture is a reference model for military unmanned vehicles on how their software components should be identified and organized. The 4D/RCS has been developed by the Intelligent Systems Division (ISD) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) since the 1980s.

4D-RCS control loop basic internal structure. At the heart of the control loop through each node is the world model, which provides the node with an internal model of the external world. The world model provides a site for data fusion, acts as a buffer between perception and behavior, and supports both sensory processing and behavior generation. A high level diagram of the internal structure of the world model and value judgment system is shown in the figure.

The value judgment controversy (German:Werturteilsstreit) is a Methodenstreit, a quarrel in German sociology and economics, around the question whether the social sciences are a normative obligatory statement in politics and its measures applied in political actions, and whether their measures can be justified scientifically.Hans Albert: Ökonomische Ideologie und politische Theorie, Göttingen 1972. p. 10. The quarrel took place in the years before World War I, between the members of the Verein für Socialpolitik. Main opponents were Max Weber, Werner Sombart and Gustav Schmoller.

The converse of an innovative language is a conservative language, which is generally defined by its static nature and imperviousness to outside influences. Most but not all conservative languages are spoken in secluded areas that lack any other primary language speaking population. Neither descriptive terms carries any value judgment in linguistic studies or determines any form of worthiness a language has, compared to any other language. A particularly-conservative variety that preserves features that have long since vanished elsewhere is sometimes said to be "archaic".

In Canada, the term 'settler' is currently used to describe people of non-Indigenous descent. It is not a personal or individual value judgment, but a description of a particular social position. In this usage, pioneers are usually among the first to an area, whereas settlers can arrive after first settlement and join others in the process of human settlement. This correlates with the work of military pioneers who were tasked with construction of camps before the main body of troops would arrive at the designated campsite.

Berlin, 1966, S. 168ff. This value judgment is no longer found in the 4th edition of this book, dated 1986. In 1956 the clarinettist Rolf Kühn moved to America, gave a guest performance with Caterina Valente in New York and performed with his quartet at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1957. From 1958 to 1962 Kühn played (as the first German musician) with the orchestras of Benny Goodman and as a solo clarinettist with Tommy Dorsey - as replacement for Buddy DeFranco - one and a half years later.

In this sense a norm is not evaluative, a basis for judging behavior or outcomes; it is simply a fact or observation about behavior or outcomes, without judgment. Many researchers in this field try to restrict the use of the term normative to the evaluative sense and refer to the description of behavior and outcomes as positive, descriptive, predictive, or empirical. Normative has specialised meanings in different academic disciplines such as philosophy, social sciences, and law. In most contexts, normative means 'relating to an evaluation or value judgment.

There are a plethora of ways that police, law enforcement, and Child Protective Services investigators can undermine the rights of citizens. Sometimes such abuses are unintentional, brought about by circumstance, imperfect understanding of some subtlety of law, or other kinds of good-faith mistakes. In other cases rights are abused deliberately, due to prejudice, self-interest, vigilantism, impaired value judgment, conflicts of interest or corruption. Such police misconduct can take many forms, among them false arrest, harassment, police brutality, falsification of evidence, coercion and in rare cases, torture and false imprisonment.

Although the government censors the electronic media through the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC), which is responsible for monitoring and regulating broadcast media, there's no established proof towards Government's control of the media. Radio stations remain susceptible to attacks by political groups. For example, in January 2012 some media figures alleged the NBC warned radio stations not to broadcast stories about fuel subsidy protests. Libel is a civil offense and requires defendants to prove the truth of opinion or value judgment contained in news reports or commentaries, or pay penalties.

Newbie, newb, noob, nub, or n00b is a slang term for a novice or newcomer, or somebody inexperienced in a profession or activity. Contemporary use can particularly refer to a beginner or new user of computers, often concerning internet activity, such as online gaming or Linux use. Depending on the context and spelling variant used, the term can have derogatory connotations (and be used as a term of abuse in internet-based games)—but is also often used for descriptive purposes only, without any value judgment. The origin of this term is uncertain.

In 2019 in Hong Kong, he spoke about the global perception of Chinese culture, beyond the usual clichés of commodification and cultural diplomacy. One of the recurrent themes in Saiu’s talks is performative space, a notion he links with the idea of creative energy. As affirmed in his book on this topic, Saiu considers Hamlet a character whose madness is not merely feigned, but real. As a promoter of critical thinking in theatre and performing arts, he organised a keynote panel in the context of the ASSITEJ congress in Cape Town on the values of criticism and value judgment in children’s theatre.

Ross, "The Emergence of "Literature": Making and Reading the English Canon in the Eighteenth Century", 406 Contemporary debates over what constitutes literature can be seen as returning to older, more inclusive notions, so that cultural studies, for instance, includes. in addition to canonical works, popular and minority genres. A value judgment definition of literature considers it as consisting solely of high quality writing that forms part of the belles-lettres ("fine writing") tradition. An example of this in the (1910–11) Encyclopædia Britannica that classified literature as "the best expression of the best thought reduced to writing".

Difference feminism holds that there are differences between men and women but that no value judgment can be placed upon them and both genders have equal moral status as persons. The term "difference feminism" developed during the "equality-versus-difference debate" in American feminism in the 1980s and 1990s, but subsequently fell out of favor and use. In the 1990s feminists addressed the binary logic of "difference" versus "equality" and moved on from it, notably with postmodern and/or deconstructionist approaches that either dismantled or did not depend on that dichotomy. Difference feminism did not require a commitment to essentialism.

In many disciplines, including economics and philosophy, a normative statement expresses a value judgment about whether a situation is desirable or undesirable. Whereas a descriptive statement (also known as a positive statement) is meant to describe the world as it is, a normative statement is meant to talk about the world as it should be. For instance, "the world would be a better place if the moon were made of green cheese" is a normative statement because it expresses a judgment about what ought to be. Normative statements are characterised by the modal verbs "should", "would", "could" or "must".

In translation, a source text (ST) is a text written in a given source language which is to be, or has been, translated into another language. According to Jeremy Munday's definition of translation, "the process of translation between two different written languages involves the changing of an original written text (the source text or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into a written text (the target text or TT) in a different verbal language (the target language or TL)". The terms 'source text' and 'target text' are preferred over 'original' and 'translation' because they do not have the same positive vs. negative value judgment.

The therapist must emphasize the here and now with the client, focusing on the current behaviors and attitudes. The therapist asks the client to make a value judgment about his or her current behavior (which presumably is not beneficial, otherwise the client may not have negative consequences from behavior motivating enough to seek therapy). In many cases the therapist must press the client to examine the effects of his or her behavior, but it is important that the judgment be made by the client and not the therapist. According to Glasser, it is important for the client to feel that he is in control of his own life.

A key aspect of actors decision making in generalized game theory is based on the concept of judgment. Several types of judgment could be relevant, for instance value judgment, factual judgment, and action judgment. In the case of action judgment, the actor seeks to take the course of action offered by the rules of the game which most closely fit the values held by the actor (where the values are a sub-rule complex of the game). Even the method by which the actor calculates closeness of fit can be controlled by the actors values (such as an actor might use a more speedy algorithm, or a more far- sighted one).

Brandt, Ethical Theory, 239, calls Stevenson's Ethics and Language "the most important statement of the emotive theory", and Pepper, Ethics, 288, says it "was the first really systematic development of the value judgment theory and will probably go down in the history of ethics as the most representative for this school." Emotivism can be considered a form of non- cognitivism or expressivism. It stands in opposition to other forms of non- cognitivism (such as quasi-realism and universal prescriptivism), as well as to all forms of cognitivism (including both moral realism and ethical subjectivism). In the 1950s, emotivism appeared in a modified form in the universal prescriptivism of R. M. Hare.

Li Xinggang is always interested in the Chinese feature in architecture, so he focuses on the classical Chinese gardens and their contemporary characteristics, as well as applies the modern architecture languages of structure and form, skin and material. He intends to strengthen personal design power, and express his own value judgment and architectural philosophy on these two main routes. He has won several architecture honors and awards, and has also been invited to take part in some exhibitions concerning architecture and art. Atelier Li Xinggang advocates the process of "Research + Design", and emphasizes the response of architecture to the specificities of context, nature, site, material, and user.

Consequently, the most important insight contained in Freud's earlier, topographical model of the mind—the stark difference between conscious and unconscious system—is, according to Langs, all but lost in the later model.Langs 1992; Langs 2004b; Langs 2010 Langs' own model of the mind accommodates elements from each of Freud's models while articulating something new. Langs distinguishes between the "unconscious" (or "superficial unconscious") and the "deep unconscious". The "unconscious" or "superficial unconscious" mind—the descriptor "superficial" denoting a contrast with "deep," not a value judgment—is a part of a complex conscious mental system with its own laws of functioning and its own form of communication.

Turkish author Talat Turhan was recently convicted of defamation of Kilercioğlu in his recent book Extraordinary War, Terror and Counter- terrorism. Turhan was ordered to pay damages to Kilercioğlu, but he appealed to the European Court of Human Rights. The Court stated that the truthfulness of a value judgment did not have to be proven, and that Turhan's opinion was based on information which was already known to the general public. According to the Court, the Turkish courts did not establish why the protection of the personality rights of a public figure weighed more heavily than Turhan's right to freedom of expression on a public issue.

To determine whether a particular development in adulthood is positive or not, a value-judgment must be made about what kind of change in adult life is optimal or beneficial, and correspondingly what changes in adulthood are negative or deleterious. There are a number of competing standards for what constitutes positive development in adulthood, which can be broadly grouped into five directions (Robinson, 2012); orthogenetic (becoming more hierarchically complex), selective/adaptive (becoming more likely to pass on your genes and for offspring to survive and thrive), veridical (becoming less biased in your view of the world), eudemonic (becoming happier and healthier) and virtuous (becoming a better person from a particular moral or ethical standpoint).

Some opponents of the childfree choice consider such a choice to be selfish. The rationale of this position is the assertion that raising children is a very important activity and so not engaging in this activity must therefore mean living one's life in service to one's self. The value judgment behind this idea is that individuals should endeavor to make some kind of meaningful contribution to the world, but also that the best way to make such a contribution is to have children. For some people, one or both of these assumptions may be true, but others prefer to direct their time, energy, and talents elsewhere, in many cases toward improving the world that today's children occupy (and that future generations will inherit).

Power, Samantha. "The Original Axis of Evil", The New York Times, 2004-05-02. In 2006, the European Court of Human Rights found contrary to the Article 10 (freedom of expression) of ECHR fining a journalist for calling a right-wing journalist "local neo-fascist", regarding the statement as a value-judgment acceptable in the circumstances. In response to multiple authors claiming that the then-presidential candidate Donald Trump was a "fascist", a 2016 article for Vox cited five historians who study fascism—including Roger Griffin, author of The Nature of Fascism—who stated that Trump either does not hold and even is opposed to several political viewpoints that are integral to fascism, including viewing violence as an inherent good and an inherent rejection of or opposition to a democratic system.

In translation, a source text (ST) is a text written in a given source language which is to be, or has been, translated into another language, while a target text (TT) is a translated text written in the intended target language, which is the result of a translation from a given source text. According to Jeremy Munday's definition of translation, "the process of translation between two different written languages involves the changing of an original written text (the source text or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into a written text (the target text or TT) in a different verbal language (the target language or TL)". The terms 'source text' and 'target text' are preferred over 'original' and 'translation' because they do not have the same positive vs. negative value judgment.

The Minister and the Tribunal had a narrow discretion,A narrow discretion is one where "the decision-maker is required to make a particular decision if he or she forms a particular opinion or value judgment": . in that if they were satisfied the Applicant met the criteria then a protection visa must be granted and if not satisfied then the protection visa must be refused. The Minister was represented by the Solicitor-General, Gageler SC, who argued that the Tribunal's fact finding was not illogical and that mere illogicality in the course of reaching a conclusion of fact was not an independent ground of review, but rather an inference of jurisdictional error on other grounds. That is illogicality or irrationality must be so extreme as to show that the opinion formed could not possibly be formed by a Tribunal acting in good faith.

As well as the formal parameters for slavery, the Siete Partidas also makes a value judgment, stating that it "was the basest and most wretched condition into which anyone could fall because man, who is the freest noble of all God's creatures, becomes thereby in the power of another, who can do with him what he wishes as with any property, whether living or dead."quoted in Blackburn,The Making of New World Slavery, p. 51. Lines dividing the non-Christian world between Castile and Portugal: the 1494 Tordesillas meridian (purple) and the 1529 Zaragoza antimeridian (green) As the Spanish (Castilians) and Portuguese expanded overseas, they conquered and occupied Atlantic islands off the north coast of Africa, including the Canary Islands as well as São Tomé and Madeira where they introduced plantation sugar cultivation. They considered the indigenous populations there more animal than human, supposedly justifying their enslavement.

Liu argued that his verdict violated both the Chinese constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations. He argued that charges against him of 'spreading rumors, slandering and in other ways inciting the subversion of the government and overturning the socialist system' were contrived, as he did not fabricate or create false information, nor did he besmirch the good name and character of others by merely expressing a point of view, a value judgment. Criminal law professor Gao Mingxuan pointed out that publishing provocative speech on the Internet and gathering signatures to advocate overthrow of government is no longer freedom of speech, it's an act prohibited by criminal law. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China pointed out that there are similar laws in many countries to prevent activities to advocate overthow of government, such as the Treason Act 1351 of England.

The dispute has its foundation in the value judgment dispute (Werturteilsstreit) in German sociology and economics around the question of whether or not the statements from various social sciences are normative and obligatory in politics, and whether or not their measures can be justified scientifically and be applied in political actions. Consequently, the positivism dispute is also called the Second Werturteilsstreit. The precursor of the debate about positivism can be traced back to Max Horkheimer's essay "Der neueste Angriff auf die Metaphysik" ("The Latest Attack on Metaphysics") published in 1937 that criticizes the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle. The prolonged criticism of positivismCritical theorists used the term "positivism" as an encompassing term to refer to various philosophical schools that they thought had been founded on the same methodological basis; these schools included the Vienna Circle, logical positivism, realism, and logical atomism (see Andrew Arato and Eike Gebhardt (eds), The Essential Frankfurt School Reader, Continuum, 1978, p. 373).

Arguments against including the NA as a major league generally revolve around the league's quality of play, significant differences in the sport's rules during the era, and the instability of the league (as many teams lasted only one season or part of a season), and the poor state of the NA records. The Special Baseball Records Committee's decision has faced continuing criticism. Oft-cited arguments in favor of the National Association are its status as the first fully professional baseball league, the fact that several of its teams continued on as part of the National League when it was founded in 1876, and the much more complete state of National Association records today than they were in 1969, thanks to research efforts by a number of baseball historians. In 1982, Sports Illustrated writer Marc Onigman argued that the NA should be included in the major leagues, despite its acknowledged flaws, pointing out the same flaws existed in other leagues as well, and called the Committee's decision "a modern-day value judgment that doesn't hold up".

Section 1008's abortion prohibition was constitutional because the government might make a value judgment favoring childbirth over abortion and implement that judgment by using subsidies of public funds. Maher v. Roe, 432 U.S. 464, 474 (1977). The use of public subsidies by the government was not rendered “discrimination” simply by the government's favoring one viewpoint over another. (2) The Secretary's construction of Title X must be accorded substantial deference by this Court because: (a) HHS was the agency charged with administering Title X, and (b) the Court could not look to § 1008 of Title X for interpretation. Section 1008 was ambiguous because it did not speak directly to abortion issues regarding counseling, and did not provide any guidance as to what was meant by “program integrity”. Moreover, the title neither defined § 1008's "method of family planning" phrase, nor enumerated what types of medical and counseling services were entitled to funding. The Secretary's construction of § 1008 would not be disturbed since (a) it was a plausible construction of the statute's plain language, (b) it did not conflict with Congress' expressed intent, and (c) the legislative history either was ambiguous as to Congress' intent on those issues or supported the Secretary's interpretation.

"Seems" implies a value judgment about Trump: the sort of value judgment many Americans are tired of the press making under the guise of hard, objective news. from The Hill
That's not a value judgment; they're just fundamentally different experiences. from Mashable
That's not a value judgment, it's a statement of fact. from Mashable
That isn't a value judgment, or even necessarily a criticism. from Vox
As such it is very properly subject to value judgment. from The New York Times
I'm not trying to put a value judgment on it. from Vox
I'm not making a value judgment here, just stating the facts. from TechCrunch
I'm going to make ... I'm going to make a value judgment there. from Vox
There's not – I'm not making a value judgment; they ran against the institution. from CNBC
Okay, what mother wouldn&apost be making a value judgment about that vocational choice? from Fox News
So who's excepted — or, if you will, essential — is in part a value judgment. from Vox
The bad in the title doesn't refer to a value-judgment, but a value-creation. from New Republic
And that value judgment can be seen in all areas of this Republican-controlled government. from New Republic
Her photographs seek out the brazenly explicit, forcing viewers to make a visceral value judgment. from Hyperallergic
I am not making a value judgment about whether high-income people should get tax cuts. from Vox
This isn't a value judgment; Trader Joe's sells many tasty things and is usually affordable with them. from Vox
You can't apply that statement to 4 or Beyoncé, but that doesn't make it a value judgment. from The Verge
I'm just interviewing people who are asserting their own experiences without assigning any kind of value judgment. from The New York Times
" It added: "They don't take position on these signs, and don't cast a value judgment on them. from The New York Times
Whether those things are worth higher administrative costs is a value judgment on which reasonable people can disagree. from The New York Times
Did the first paragraph contain, besides a value judgment, five commas, two em-dashes and only one period? from The New York Times
This is not a value judgment but a statement of fact with regard to money, energy, and time. from New Yorker
Some, she worried, may even see the appointment as a value judgment on her skills or her sanity. from CNN
It's fine to feel painful feelings and be upset but don't assign a value judgment to your feelings. from Business Insider
Rather, like so many other decisions made every day by college students, teachers, and administrators, it's a value judgment. from New Republic
And it's this value judgment, the association to weakness, that clouds so much of our dialogue on the topic. from Business Insider
Generational stereotyping is a particular favorite when it comes to value-judgment-based shorthand: The Greatest Generation are patriots. from The Hill
It seems rational to value life more than a game, but Silcox argues that it's actually an irrational value judgment. from Vice
Another word for that is a warlord, which we use not as a value judgment but as a definitional matter. from The New York Times
"Death is a value judgment based on cultural, philosophical, religious, social and other considerations," says Rihito Kimura, a Japanese lawyer and bioethicist. from Economist
Watch out, however, for the tater tot hotdish, which Batali somehow manages to introduce without delivering a value judgment on the ingredients. from The New York Times
While Twitter's official line has always been that verification isn't a value judgment by the company, in practice that hasn't been the case. from Vice
The big takeaway from our conversation is that the debate about health care, like nearly all political debates, reduces to a value judgment. from Vox
I don't want to make any value judgment because I don't think it's up to me to tell people how to spend their time. from Vox
But it wasn't just another technical tweak — it represented Google making a deliberate value judgment that some kinds of content were worse than other kinds. from Vox
Ultimately, it made a value judgment that low-quality content farms were bad content, and deliberately changed its algorithms to demote them in search results. from Vox
As I've written elsewhere, the designation of "cult" is more often an aesthetic value judgment — a religious group that "seems weird" — rather than an academic one. from Vox
Were he to make an endorsement in the Democratic primary as a linchpin to that legacy, his value judgment on the point would be widely shared. from New Republic
"We are efficient predators and have been for a really long time — so there's not a value judgment here — it's just what hominids did," said Smith. from Mashable
Deciding what's "spammy" is a value judgment that will lock some website operators out in the cold, even when it improves the overall experience for users. from The Verge
To be clear, in this context, "worst" isn't a value judgment of the jobs themselves, but a determination based on the values of the people surveyed. from Refinery 29
Under the efficiency gap, votes that don't go to the winning candidate in those districts are considered to be "wasted votes," which isn't a value judgment. from New Republic
This value judgment is not the one that lawmakers necessarily intend to invoke, but it is the one that some liberals are seeing in the overall response. from Vox
IBM's system didn't make the value judgment, but it did provide a bunch of information to the bank showing both sides of a debate about the stock. from The Verge
Cardiothoracic surgeons don't want to have to transplant hearts, but they don't have a value judgment about whether it's good or bad to have a heart transplant. from Refinery 29
While your editors made a value judgment about the veracity of these claims, American intelligence agencies apparently took the memos seriously enough to open their own investigations. from The New York Times
In other words, politicians are making a value judgment that the welfare system is itself a scam, and most of the people relying on it are fraudsters. Precisely. from Vox
It's not a "better" or "worse" value judgment to say the success of one thing helped to revive another, at-the-time-less-popular thing that was vaguely similar. from Mashable
This choice still depends on the value judgment of the human, and will change depending on if the obstacle is a gas main, a boulder, or an electrical wire. from TechCrunch
That's not a value judgment, but he sat for nearly a year on President Barack Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland to the Supreme Court, arguing it should be the next president's nomination. from CNN
Amazon, which has not responded to Motherboard's request for comment, could claim that banning third-party merchandise would be making a value judgment, and that Infowars Life isn't violating its code of conduct. from Vice
"I don't think it's necessarily a value judgment on either candidate, more so that with some certainty, people can make some investment decisions," O'Hanley told "Squawk on the Street" in a separate interview Monday. from CNBC
This is a time of "viral dress" and "influential dress," ideas that often have little do with the subjective value judgment attached to the word "best," and which are measurable in some objective way. from The New York Times
To treat the open forum of the classroom or the campus like just another town square—and thus to explain value judgment and knowledge prioritization on campus in terms of censorship or "shutting down" speech—is misguided. from New Republic
Kaeser said his decision to skip the event was no condemnation of the Saudi population or a value judgment on Siemens's 2,000 local employees in Saudi Arabia and partners like Saudi Aramco, SABIC, SEC and the Abunayyan group. from Reuters
But because the regulations prescribe a blanket prohibition against home birth for every first-time pregnancy where someone is older than 40, without any consideration for individual health status, Hammack says that feels like a value judgment rather than a warranted regulation. from Vice
I don't have a value judgment about screen time; it's just that I've finally reached a point in my life and career where I spend a lot of time generating inspiration and ideas, not scrolling for them, and that is such a luxury. from The New York Times
"Were the court to make the confidential records available for journalistic, and thus public, scrutiny, it would impermissibly inject itself into the political process by making the value judgment of what information is useful in determining the present candidate's, or any other candidate's, fitness for office," the judge wrote. from The Hill
"Were the court to make the confidential records available for journalistic, and thus public, scrutiny, it would impermissibly inject itself into the political process by making the value judgment of what information is useful in determining the present candidate's, or any other candidate's, fitness for office," Nervo wrote. from Politico
But when women have limited tools for recognizing dangerous encounters, and the consequences of "just talk to them to find out!" can be unpleasant and demeaning; sometimes the only course of action is making a value judgment about a white guy with a trendy haircut, and not interacting in the first place. from Refinery 29
But no-platforming is better understood as the kind of value judgment that lies at heart of a liberal arts education—"liberal" referring not to politics, of course, but to the kinds of knowledge the ancient Greeks and Romans believed were necessary for the flourishing of a free person, necessary for full and effective participation in civic life. from New Republic
So when the debate hosts decide that the only people with the proper standing to contribute to this event are those who haven't paid attention to the presidential race so far, that those who are attentive to politics and have made up their mind are hereby disqualified from further participation, they're making a value judgment of one over the other. from Vox
ORLAN's striptease shoots an arrow from the sacred to the profane, a full unmasking of Bernini's barely disguised eroticism, while Wilke's performance is more ambiguous: her transformation from a Roman goddess to a transgendered Christ is too pointed to be unadulterated fun and too joyful for calculated blasphemy; either way, the apparent transition from paganism to Christianity occurs without the artist placing a value judgment on either. from Hyperallergic
Value judgment provides criteria for decision making. Behavior generation is responsible for planning and execution of behaviors.
A value judgment (or value judgement) is a judgment of the rightness or wrongness of something or someone, or of the usefulness of something or someone, based on a comparison or other relativity. As a generalization, a value judgment can refer to a judgment based upon a particular set of values or on a particular value system. A related meaning of value judgment is an expedient evaluation based upon limited information at hand, an evaluation undertaken because a decision must be made on short notice.
Value judgment also can refer to a tentative judgment based on a considered appraisal of the information at hand, taken to be incomplete and evolving—for example, a value judgment on whether to launch a military attack, or as to procedure in a medical emergency. In this case the quality of judgment suffers because the information available is incomplete as a result of exigency, rather than as a result of cultural or personal limitations. Most commonly the term value judgment refers to an individual's opinion. Of course, the individual's opinion is formed to a degree by their belief system, and the culture to which they belong.
As an example, scientific "truths" are considered objective, but are held tentatively, with the understanding that more careful evidence and/or wider experience might change matters. Further, a scientific view (in the sense of a conclusion based upon a value system) is a value judgment that is socially constructed based upon rigorous evaluation and wide consensus. With this example in mind, characterizing a view as a value judgment is vague without description of the context surrounding it. However, as noted in the first segment of this article, in common usage the term value judgment has a much simpler meaning with context simply implied, not specified.
Also, Ye promoted critical thinking and the importance of personal value judgment. He suggested that these learning skills should be built within the students and were the basis for students' lifelong learning.
For Ayer, ethical or aesthetic judgments are subjective rather than objective, and cannot be demonstrated to be true or false. Ethical or aesthetic judgments express feelings, not propositions, and have no objective validity. Value-judgments are not analytic, and are not verifiable as 'matters of fact.' According to Ayer when we argue about whether a value- judgment is right or wrong, we are really arguing about the empirical facts on which a value-judgment is based, or about the logical interpretation of empirical facts.
The term value judgment can be used objectively to refer to any injunction that implies an obligation to carry out an act, implicitly involving the terms "ought" or "should". It can be used either in a positive sense, signifying that a judgment must be made taking a value system into account, or in a disparaging sense, signifying a judgment made by personal whim rather than objective thought or evidence. In its positive sense, a recommendation to make a value judgment is an admonition to consider carefully, to avoid whim and impetuousness, and search for consonance with one's deeper convictions, and to search for an objective, verifiable, public, and consensual set of evidence for the opinion. In its disparaging sense the term value judgment implies a conclusion is insular, one-sided, and not objective — contrasting with judgments based upon deliberation, balance and public evidence.
So a natural extension of the term value judgment is to include declarations seen one way from one value system, but may be seen differently from another. Conceptually this extension of definition is related both to the anthropological axiom "cultural relativism" (that is, that cultural meaning derives from a context) and to the term "moral relativism" (that is, that moral and ethical propositions are not universal truths, but stem from cultural context). A value judgment formed within a specific value system may be parochial, and may be subject to dispute in a wider audience.
The Dutch Association of Publishers categorizes the magazines in the Netherlands into four classes: (1) general-interest magazines, (2) opinion magazines, (3) TV and radio guides, and (4) professional and scientific magazines. The listing here is topical, without making a value judgment if, for example, a music magazine is professional or not.
Philosophical research is conducted by field experts within the boundaries of a specific field of study or profession, the best qualified individual in any field of study to use an intellectual analysis, in order to clarify definitions, identify ethics, or make a value judgment concerning an issue in their field of study their lives.
Libel is a civil offense and requires defendants to prove the truth of opinion or value judgment contained in news reports or commentaries. Penalties include two years' imprisonment and possible fines. Militant groups such as Boko Haram threaten, attack, and kill journalists in connection with their reporting of the sect's activities. Journalists practice self-censorship.
The musical interest of his verse - taken as a whole - is subordinated to its meaning, and that differentiates it from poetry. Doing otherwise would have interfered with his intention. Eliot did not imply a value judgment. Kipling did not write verse because he could not write poetry; he wrote verse because it does something which poetry cannot do.
Whether the statements were relevant to the occasion essentially involved a value judgment. The branch secretary had had the right to make the allegations and impart them to NEHAWU members; the latter had a reciprocal right to receive them, which right is underlined by the Constitution of South Africa.s 23. The court found that the relevance of the statements could not be disputed.
Searle argues that the goal of science is to establish and validate statements which are epistemically objective (i.e., whose truth can be discovered and evaluated by any interested party), but are not necessarily ontologically objective. Searle calls any value judgment epistemically subjective. Thus, "McKinley is prettier than Everest" is epistemically subjective, whereas "McKinley is higher than Everest" is epistemically objective.
While investigating the dispositional model, Judge et al. (1997) reasoned that the traits most likely to predict job satisfaction would maintain three important characteristics: evaluation-focused, fundamental, and large in scope. #Evaluation-focused: An evaluative trait is one that involves a fundamental value judgment about oneself, rather than a simple description ("I am confident and worthy," vs. "I am ambitious").
RCS-4 control paradigm. RCS-4 is developed since the 1990s by the NIST Robot Systems Division. The basic building block is shown in the figure). The principal new feature in RCS-4 is the explicit representation of the Value Judgment (VJ) system. VJ modules provide to the RCS-4 control system the type of functions provided to the biological brain by the limbic system.
They have a "magnetic" effect, an imperative force, a tendency to influence the interlocutor's decisions. They are strictly bound to moral values leading to value judgments and potentially triggering specific emotions. For this reason, they have an emotive dimension. In the modern psychological terminology, we can say that these terms carry "emotional valence", as they presuppose and generate a value judgment that can lead to an emotion.
To implement this streamlined concept, observance of the following rules was attempted: # The pilot, NFO or enlisted naval aircrewman is considered to have above-average intelligence and normal (average) common sense. # No values (pressure, temperature, quantity, etc.) which cannot be read in the cockpit are stated, except where such use provides the pilot with a value judgment. Only the information required to fly the aircraft is provided. # Multiple failures (emergencies) are not covered.
Multimodality also can be used to associate a text with a specific argumentative purpose, e.g., to state facts, make a definition, cause a value judgment, or make a policy decision. Jeanne Fahnestock and Marie Secor, professors at the University of Maryland and the Pennsylvania State University, labeled the fulfillment of these purposes stases. A text's stasis can be altered by multimodality, especially when several mediums are juxtaposed to create an individualized experience or meaning.
The word "critic" comes ,Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus, Kritikos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott. which is a Greek derivation of the word (krités), meaning a person who offers reasoned judgment or analysis, value judgment, interpretation or observation.Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus, Krites, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott. Early English meaning of criticism was based mainly on the criticism of literature and it was in the 17th century that more general forms of criticism began.
RCS NODE Internal structure. The 4D/RCS nodes have internal structure such as shown in the figure. Within each node there typically are four functional elements or processes: # behavior generation, # world modeling, # sensory processing, and # value judgment. There is also a knowledge database that represents the node’s best estimate of the state of the world at the range and resolution that are appropriate for the behavioral decisions that are the responsibility of that node.
The disposition of the relationship can be qualified as positive, neutral or negative. The strength of the relationship is quantifiable through a relative percentage from 0% (weak) to 100% (strong) and a degree of separation (for example, 1 degree of separation means the trust relationship is direct, see Six degrees of separation). The characteristics of the relationship may change over variable periods of time (from instantaneously to slowly). Institutional trust is often expressed through a value judgment.
Some argue that true objectivity is impossible, that even the most rigorous rational analysis is founded on the set of values accepted in the course of analysis. Consequently, all conclusions are necessarily value judgments (and therefore may be parochial). Of course, putting all conclusions in one category does nothing to distinguish between them, and is therefore a useless descriptor. Categorizing a conclusion as a value judgment takes substance when the context framing the judgment is specified.
Rwanda's literary history is largely an oral one. The traditional texts were classed in two main categories: more formal, royal documents, which are described as 'official tradition', and the non-formal, popular literature. The distinction between these categories is based on whether or not the literature was controlled officially, rather than denoting any sort of value judgment regarding the content. To this day, storytelling and public speaking are much admired, and good storytellers are respected in society.
4D-RCS reference model architecture for an individual vehicle. It contains many layers of computational nodes each containing elements of sensory processing, world modeling, value judgment, and behavior generation. The 4D/RCS Reference Model Architecture is a reference model for military unmanned vehicles on how their software components should be identified and organized. The 4D/RCS has been developed by the Intelligent Systems Division (ISD) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) since the 1980s.
4D-RCS control loop basic internal structure. At the heart of the control loop through each node is the world model, which provides the node with an internal model of the external world. The world model provides a site for data fusion, acts as a buffer between perception and behavior, and supports both sensory processing and behavior generation. A high level diagram of the internal structure of the world model and value judgment system is shown in the figure.
The value judgment controversy (German:Werturteilsstreit) is a Methodenstreit, a quarrel in German sociology and economics, around the question whether the social sciences are a normative obligatory statement in politics and its measures applied in political actions, and whether their measures can be justified scientifically.Hans Albert: Ökonomische Ideologie und politische Theorie, Göttingen 1972. p. 10. The quarrel took place in the years before World War I, between the members of the Verein für Socialpolitik. Main opponents were Max Weber, Werner Sombart and Gustav Schmoller.
The converse of an innovative language is a conservative language, which is generally defined by its static nature and imperviousness to outside influences. Most but not all conservative languages are spoken in secluded areas that lack any other primary language speaking population. Neither descriptive terms carries any value judgment in linguistic studies or determines any form of worthiness a language has, compared to any other language. A particularly-conservative variety that preserves features that have long since vanished elsewhere is sometimes said to be "archaic".
In Canada, the term 'settler' is currently used to describe people of non-Indigenous descent. It is not a personal or individual value judgment, but a description of a particular social position. In this usage, pioneers are usually among the first to an area, whereas settlers can arrive after first settlement and join others in the process of human settlement. This correlates with the work of military pioneers who were tasked with construction of camps before the main body of troops would arrive at the designated campsite.
Berlin, 1966, S. 168ff. This value judgment is no longer found in the 4th edition of this book, dated 1986. In 1956 the clarinettist Rolf Kühn moved to America, gave a guest performance with Caterina Valente in New York and performed with his quartet at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1957. From 1958 to 1962 Kühn played (as the first German musician) with the orchestras of Benny Goodman and as a solo clarinettist with Tommy Dorsey - as replacement for Buddy DeFranco - one and a half years later.
In this sense a norm is not evaluative, a basis for judging behavior or outcomes; it is simply a fact or observation about behavior or outcomes, without judgment. Many researchers in this field try to restrict the use of the term normative to the evaluative sense and refer to the description of behavior and outcomes as positive, descriptive, predictive, or empirical. Normative has specialised meanings in different academic disciplines such as philosophy, social sciences, and law. In most contexts, normative means 'relating to an evaluation or value judgment.
There are a plethora of ways that police, law enforcement, and Child Protective Services investigators can undermine the rights of citizens. Sometimes such abuses are unintentional, brought about by circumstance, imperfect understanding of some subtlety of law, or other kinds of good-faith mistakes. In other cases rights are abused deliberately, due to prejudice, self-interest, vigilantism, impaired value judgment, conflicts of interest or corruption. Such police misconduct can take many forms, among them false arrest, harassment, police brutality, falsification of evidence, coercion and in rare cases, torture and false imprisonment.
Although the government censors the electronic media through the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC), which is responsible for monitoring and regulating broadcast media, there's no established proof towards Government's control of the media. Radio stations remain susceptible to attacks by political groups. For example, in January 2012 some media figures alleged the NBC warned radio stations not to broadcast stories about fuel subsidy protests. Libel is a civil offense and requires defendants to prove the truth of opinion or value judgment contained in news reports or commentaries, or pay penalties.
Newbie, newb, noob, nub, or n00b is a slang term for a novice or newcomer, or somebody inexperienced in a profession or activity. Contemporary use can particularly refer to a beginner or new user of computers, often concerning internet activity, such as online gaming or Linux use. Depending on the context and spelling variant used, the term can have derogatory connotations (and be used as a term of abuse in internet-based games)—but is also often used for descriptive purposes only, without any value judgment. The origin of this term is uncertain.
In 2019 in Hong Kong, he spoke about the global perception of Chinese culture, beyond the usual clichés of commodification and cultural diplomacy. One of the recurrent themes in Saiu’s talks is performative space, a notion he links with the idea of creative energy. As affirmed in his book on this topic, Saiu considers Hamlet a character whose madness is not merely feigned, but real. As a promoter of critical thinking in theatre and performing arts, he organised a keynote panel in the context of the ASSITEJ congress in Cape Town on the values of criticism and value judgment in children’s theatre.
Ross, "The Emergence of "Literature": Making and Reading the English Canon in the Eighteenth Century", 406 Contemporary debates over what constitutes literature can be seen as returning to older, more inclusive notions, so that cultural studies, for instance, includes. in addition to canonical works, popular and minority genres. A value judgment definition of literature considers it as consisting solely of high quality writing that forms part of the belles-lettres ("fine writing") tradition. An example of this in the (1910–11) Encyclopædia Britannica that classified literature as "the best expression of the best thought reduced to writing".
Difference feminism holds that there are differences between men and women but that no value judgment can be placed upon them and both genders have equal moral status as persons. The term "difference feminism" developed during the "equality-versus-difference debate" in American feminism in the 1980s and 1990s, but subsequently fell out of favor and use. In the 1990s feminists addressed the binary logic of "difference" versus "equality" and moved on from it, notably with postmodern and/or deconstructionist approaches that either dismantled or did not depend on that dichotomy. Difference feminism did not require a commitment to essentialism.
In many disciplines, including economics and philosophy, a normative statement expresses a value judgment about whether a situation is desirable or undesirable. Whereas a descriptive statement (also known as a positive statement) is meant to describe the world as it is, a normative statement is meant to talk about the world as it should be. For instance, "the world would be a better place if the moon were made of green cheese" is a normative statement because it expresses a judgment about what ought to be. Normative statements are characterised by the modal verbs "should", "would", "could" or "must".
In translation, a source text (ST) is a text written in a given source language which is to be, or has been, translated into another language. According to Jeremy Munday's definition of translation, "the process of translation between two different written languages involves the changing of an original written text (the source text or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into a written text (the target text or TT) in a different verbal language (the target language or TL)". The terms 'source text' and 'target text' are preferred over 'original' and 'translation' because they do not have the same positive vs. negative value judgment.
The therapist must emphasize the here and now with the client, focusing on the current behaviors and attitudes. The therapist asks the client to make a value judgment about his or her current behavior (which presumably is not beneficial, otherwise the client may not have negative consequences from behavior motivating enough to seek therapy). In many cases the therapist must press the client to examine the effects of his or her behavior, but it is important that the judgment be made by the client and not the therapist. According to Glasser, it is important for the client to feel that he is in control of his own life.
A key aspect of actors decision making in generalized game theory is based on the concept of judgment. Several types of judgment could be relevant, for instance value judgment, factual judgment, and action judgment. In the case of action judgment, the actor seeks to take the course of action offered by the rules of the game which most closely fit the values held by the actor (where the values are a sub-rule complex of the game). Even the method by which the actor calculates closeness of fit can be controlled by the actors values (such as an actor might use a more speedy algorithm, or a more far- sighted one).
Brandt, Ethical Theory, 239, calls Stevenson's Ethics and Language "the most important statement of the emotive theory", and Pepper, Ethics, 288, says it "was the first really systematic development of the value judgment theory and will probably go down in the history of ethics as the most representative for this school." Emotivism can be considered a form of non- cognitivism or expressivism. It stands in opposition to other forms of non- cognitivism (such as quasi-realism and universal prescriptivism), as well as to all forms of cognitivism (including both moral realism and ethical subjectivism). In the 1950s, emotivism appeared in a modified form in the universal prescriptivism of R. M. Hare.
Li Xinggang is always interested in the Chinese feature in architecture, so he focuses on the classical Chinese gardens and their contemporary characteristics, as well as applies the modern architecture languages of structure and form, skin and material. He intends to strengthen personal design power, and express his own value judgment and architectural philosophy on these two main routes. He has won several architecture honors and awards, and has also been invited to take part in some exhibitions concerning architecture and art. Atelier Li Xinggang advocates the process of "Research + Design", and emphasizes the response of architecture to the specificities of context, nature, site, material, and user.
Consequently, the most important insight contained in Freud's earlier, topographical model of the mind—the stark difference between conscious and unconscious system—is, according to Langs, all but lost in the later model.Langs 1992; Langs 2004b; Langs 2010 Langs' own model of the mind accommodates elements from each of Freud's models while articulating something new. Langs distinguishes between the "unconscious" (or "superficial unconscious") and the "deep unconscious". The "unconscious" or "superficial unconscious" mind—the descriptor "superficial" denoting a contrast with "deep," not a value judgment—is a part of a complex conscious mental system with its own laws of functioning and its own form of communication.
Turkish author Talat Turhan was recently convicted of defamation of Kilercioğlu in his recent book Extraordinary War, Terror and Counter- terrorism. Turhan was ordered to pay damages to Kilercioğlu, but he appealed to the European Court of Human Rights. The Court stated that the truthfulness of a value judgment did not have to be proven, and that Turhan's opinion was based on information which was already known to the general public. According to the Court, the Turkish courts did not establish why the protection of the personality rights of a public figure weighed more heavily than Turhan's right to freedom of expression on a public issue.
To determine whether a particular development in adulthood is positive or not, a value-judgment must be made about what kind of change in adult life is optimal or beneficial, and correspondingly what changes in adulthood are negative or deleterious. There are a number of competing standards for what constitutes positive development in adulthood, which can be broadly grouped into five directions (Robinson, 2012); orthogenetic (becoming more hierarchically complex), selective/adaptive (becoming more likely to pass on your genes and for offspring to survive and thrive), veridical (becoming less biased in your view of the world), eudemonic (becoming happier and healthier) and virtuous (becoming a better person from a particular moral or ethical standpoint).
Some opponents of the childfree choice consider such a choice to be selfish. The rationale of this position is the assertion that raising children is a very important activity and so not engaging in this activity must therefore mean living one's life in service to one's self. The value judgment behind this idea is that individuals should endeavor to make some kind of meaningful contribution to the world, but also that the best way to make such a contribution is to have children. For some people, one or both of these assumptions may be true, but others prefer to direct their time, energy, and talents elsewhere, in many cases toward improving the world that today's children occupy (and that future generations will inherit).
Power, Samantha. "The Original Axis of Evil", The New York Times, 2004-05-02. In 2006, the European Court of Human Rights found contrary to the Article 10 (freedom of expression) of ECHR fining a journalist for calling a right-wing journalist "local neo-fascist", regarding the statement as a value-judgment acceptable in the circumstances. In response to multiple authors claiming that the then-presidential candidate Donald Trump was a "fascist", a 2016 article for Vox cited five historians who study fascism—including Roger Griffin, author of The Nature of Fascism—who stated that Trump either does not hold and even is opposed to several political viewpoints that are integral to fascism, including viewing violence as an inherent good and an inherent rejection of or opposition to a democratic system.
In translation, a source text (ST) is a text written in a given source language which is to be, or has been, translated into another language, while a target text (TT) is a translated text written in the intended target language, which is the result of a translation from a given source text. According to Jeremy Munday's definition of translation, "the process of translation between two different written languages involves the changing of an original written text (the source text or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into a written text (the target text or TT) in a different verbal language (the target language or TL)". The terms 'source text' and 'target text' are preferred over 'original' and 'translation' because they do not have the same positive vs. negative value judgment.
The Minister and the Tribunal had a narrow discretion,A narrow discretion is one where "the decision-maker is required to make a particular decision if he or she forms a particular opinion or value judgment": . in that if they were satisfied the Applicant met the criteria then a protection visa must be granted and if not satisfied then the protection visa must be refused. The Minister was represented by the Solicitor-General, Gageler SC, who argued that the Tribunal's fact finding was not illogical and that mere illogicality in the course of reaching a conclusion of fact was not an independent ground of review, but rather an inference of jurisdictional error on other grounds. That is illogicality or irrationality must be so extreme as to show that the opinion formed could not possibly be formed by a Tribunal acting in good faith.
As well as the formal parameters for slavery, the Siete Partidas also makes a value judgment, stating that it "was the basest and most wretched condition into which anyone could fall because man, who is the freest noble of all God's creatures, becomes thereby in the power of another, who can do with him what he wishes as with any property, whether living or dead."quoted in Blackburn,The Making of New World Slavery, p. 51. Lines dividing the non-Christian world between Castile and Portugal: the 1494 Tordesillas meridian (purple) and the 1529 Zaragoza antimeridian (green) As the Spanish (Castilians) and Portuguese expanded overseas, they conquered and occupied Atlantic islands off the north coast of Africa, including the Canary Islands as well as São Tomé and Madeira where they introduced plantation sugar cultivation. They considered the indigenous populations there more animal than human, supposedly justifying their enslavement.
Liu argued that his verdict violated both the Chinese constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations. He argued that charges against him of 'spreading rumors, slandering and in other ways inciting the subversion of the government and overturning the socialist system' were contrived, as he did not fabricate or create false information, nor did he besmirch the good name and character of others by merely expressing a point of view, a value judgment. Criminal law professor Gao Mingxuan pointed out that publishing provocative speech on the Internet and gathering signatures to advocate overthrow of government is no longer freedom of speech, it's an act prohibited by criminal law. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China pointed out that there are similar laws in many countries to prevent activities to advocate overthow of government, such as the Treason Act 1351 of England.
The dispute has its foundation in the value judgment dispute (Werturteilsstreit) in German sociology and economics around the question of whether or not the statements from various social sciences are normative and obligatory in politics, and whether or not their measures can be justified scientifically and be applied in political actions. Consequently, the positivism dispute is also called the Second Werturteilsstreit. The precursor of the debate about positivism can be traced back to Max Horkheimer's essay "Der neueste Angriff auf die Metaphysik" ("The Latest Attack on Metaphysics") published in 1937 that criticizes the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle. The prolonged criticism of positivismCritical theorists used the term "positivism" as an encompassing term to refer to various philosophical schools that they thought had been founded on the same methodological basis; these schools included the Vienna Circle, logical positivism, realism, and logical atomism (see Andrew Arato and Eike Gebhardt (eds), The Essential Frankfurt School Reader, Continuum, 1978, p. 373).
Arguments against including the NA as a major league generally revolve around the league's quality of play, significant differences in the sport's rules during the era, and the instability of the league (as many teams lasted only one season or part of a season), and the poor state of the NA records. The Special Baseball Records Committee's decision has faced continuing criticism. Oft-cited arguments in favor of the National Association are its status as the first fully professional baseball league, the fact that several of its teams continued on as part of the National League when it was founded in 1876, and the much more complete state of National Association records today than they were in 1969, thanks to research efforts by a number of baseball historians. In 1982, Sports Illustrated writer Marc Onigman argued that the NA should be included in the major leagues, despite its acknowledged flaws, pointing out the same flaws existed in other leagues as well, and called the Committee's decision "a modern-day value judgment that doesn't hold up".
Section 1008's abortion prohibition was constitutional because the government might make a value judgment favoring childbirth over abortion and implement that judgment by using subsidies of public funds. Maher v. Roe, 432 U.S. 464, 474 (1977). The use of public subsidies by the government was not rendered “discrimination” simply by the government's favoring one viewpoint over another. (2) The Secretary's construction of Title X must be accorded substantial deference by this Court because: (a) HHS was the agency charged with administering Title X, and (b) the Court could not look to § 1008 of Title X for interpretation. Section 1008 was ambiguous because it did not speak directly to abortion issues regarding counseling, and did not provide any guidance as to what was meant by “program integrity”. Moreover, the title neither defined § 1008's "method of family planning" phrase, nor enumerated what types of medical and counseling services were entitled to funding. The Secretary's construction of § 1008 would not be disturbed since (a) it was a plausible construction of the statute's plain language, (b) it did not conflict with Congress' expressed intent, and (c) the legislative history either was ambiguous as to Congress' intent on those issues or supported the Secretary's interpretation.