The 435-cap on House members also creates unequal representation among districts.
|
|
Forced parity would turn unequal representation, at least in part, into forced representation.
|
|
With this powerful, performative gesture, the unequal representation becomes clear with one glance.
|
|
The main reason Facebook gives for its pay disparities comes down to unequal representation.
|
|
Women and girls are overcoming unequal representation at decision-making tables and underinvestment in their efforts.
|
|
Napoleone's collection is the happy result of a concerted defiance of persistent, unequal representation in the art market.
|
|
Even the existence of a Senate, which gives unequal representation to less populated states, is in fact undemocratic.
|
|
Last year's New Forms felt like their coronation, hard won after years of unequal representation on the Canadian Riviera.
|
|
Having faced criticism about the unequal representation of women at Davos over the years, the World Economic Forum improved a bit this year.
|
|
I also don't accept our obviously flawed congressional system, with its gerrymandered districts and its unequal representation that favors rural states because of the Senate.
|
|
Despite the great progress we've made in the last century alone, we still see institutional sexism, the gender wage gap, and unequal representation in government in the United States.
|
|
America at the time, Dr. Ansolabehere and James M. Snyder Jr. wrote in their book "The End of Inequality," had some of the most unequal representation in the world.
|
|
This was not only extremely degrading, but gave the South unequal representation for many years, making it more difficult to root-out slavery and resulting in the Civil War.
|
|
Why should a body whose unequal representation is justified by the need to protect federalism be so central in confirming Supreme Court justices, who rule on individual citizens' rights?
|
|
In the 10-page manifesto titled "Google's Ideological Echo Chamber," the male software engineer argues that biological differences between men and women are to blame for unequal representation of women in tech and leadership.
|
|
The trend of vastly unequal representation is presumably set by both casting directors and by the Bachelor or Bachelorette themselves as they move through the show, eliminating contestants one spooky date at a haunted former plantation at a time.
|
|
Another objection might be that this reformed system would be less democratic than what exists now, a problem given that the current system already has many undemocratic features—such as the existence of the electoral college, and the Senate's unequal representation.
|
|
That's nuts: Women face workplace discrimination in almost every imaginable way, from the very real gender wage gap, to pregnancy and parenting discrimination, to unequal representation in leadership, to America's complete lack of any national paid maternity or family leave.
|
|
Female executives from Universal, Warner and Sony penned a letter to the Recording Academy's board of trustees calling on President Neil Portnow to resign in light of his response to the unequal representation of female artists in the Grammy Awards, reports Variety.
|
|
The truth is that our so-called democracy is more of pseudo-democracy, with ridiculously gerrymandered districts, large-scale voter suppression tactics, unequal representation, an Electoral College system that disregards the popular will of the people, and fake news sources that play to echo chambers and voter ignorance.
|
|
Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads Thanks to the likes of the Guerrilla Girls and Gallery Tally, the past few decades have produced a plethora of research on gender inequality in the art world, the bulk of which focuses on unequal representation of male and female artists in galleries and museums.
|
|
These are issues that most people who work in the sector might recognize intuitively, but the study's authors feel there is a definite benefit in compiling hard data on the conditions that form unequal representation for black and minority ethnic communities in the arts, as well as those from lower social classes.
|
|
This unequal representation says men have more cache in country music than women, making men unequally more popular and richer from their work (thus increasing the pay gap), and that if this trend continues we might live in a world where having a woman's voice on a song is enough to make it less country than a man's song — just because it's not what we're used to hearing.
|
|
Chang, T. K. (1998). All Countries Not Created Equal to Be News World System and International Communication. Communication research, 25(5), 528-563. Recent empirical studies show that among online news websites and news aggregators the unequal representation of the world has been perpetuated and even further intensified.
|
|
How Nations See Each Other? Paris: UNESCO Publications. This problem was later addressed in the MacBride report, and his set of recommendations for a New World Information and Communication Order. The unequal representation of the world has been also linked to the World System Theory, and the unequal economic structure of the world.
|
|
Opportunities for women have been greatly expanded, however with certain aspects they are still not equal to men in society. There is evidence that the male gets paid higher than females in North Korea. Thus, the wage difference reflects the unequal representation of women in various occupational structures, which indicates a sexual division of labor.
|
|
Economic citizenship can be used to represent both the economic contributions requisite to become a citizen as well as the role in which one's economic standing can influence his or her rights as a citizen. The relationship between economic participation and citizenship can be considered a contributing factor to increasing inequalities and unequal representation of different socioeconomic classes within a country.
|
|
The viceroyalties and independent captaincies general of the overseas territories would each send one representative. This scheme was resented in America for providing unequal representation to the overseas territories. Unrest erupted in Quito and Charcas, which saw themselves as the capitals of kingdoms and resented being subsumed in the larger "kingdom" of Peru. The revolts were suppressed (See Luz de América and Bolivian War of Independence).
|
|
However, population growth in cities across the state led to the rural population, which was in relative decline, having disproportionate power in government. After the U.S. Supreme Court declared such unequal representation to be unconstitutional in Gray v. Sanders in 1963, state officials began to redefine legislative districts so that each had a similarly sized population. Both senators and representatives have terms of two years.
|
|
Thus, the US has been found to be very prominent in news mentions around the world (18%), followed by China, Western European and Middle Eastern countries (about 3-5% each). The unequal representation of the world and the under-representation of developing countries have been already of a great concern at least since the 1950s, since they influence the way people perceive the world and the image of countries.UNESCO (1954).
|
|
This scheme was criticized in America for providing unequal representation to the overseas territories. Several important and large cities were left without direct representation in the Supreme Central Junta. In particular Quito and Charcas, which saw themselves as the capitals of kingdoms, resented being subsumed in the larger "kingdom" of Peru. This unrest led to the establishment of juntas in these cities in 1809, which were eventually quashed by the authorities within the year.
|
|
MRI images are useful in displaying atrophied portions of neuroanatomical positions within the brain. As a result, it is especially effective in identifying regions within different areas of the brain that have been negatively affected due to the complications associated with CBD. To be specific, MRI of CBD typically shows posterior parietal and frontal cortical atrophy with unequal representation in corresponding sides. In addition, atrophy has been noted in the corpus callosum.
|
|
In modern society, the government, especially the executive branch, has struggled with the ever-growing mixture of republican and energetic governments. The executive branch can be held by two major political parties: the Democrats and the Republicans. The elections that take place every four years, unequal representation within Congress, and differing opinions makes it difficult to find a balance within the Executives. Each new term brings in new faces, who come with new ideas and backgrounds.
|
|
Sanders (1964), it was part of a series of Warren Court cases that applied the principle of "one person, one vote" to U.S. legislative bodies. Prior to the case, numerous state legislative chambers had districts containing unequal populations; for example, in the Nevada Senate, the smallest district had 568 people, while the largest had approximately 127,000 people. Some states refused to engage in regular redistricting, while others enshrined unequal representation in state constitutions. The case of Reynolds v.
|
|
For the year 2013, the gender pay gap in India was estimated to be 24.81%. Further, while analyzing the level of female participation in the economy, a report slots India as one of the bottom 10 countries on its list. Thus, in addition to unequal pay, there is also unequal representation, because while women constitute almost half the Indian population (about 48% of the total), their representation in the work force amounts to only about one-fourth of the total.
|
|
The election is set for 20 September 2016, and will again be run by the IEC, who are providing for the first time provisions for deaf and blind voters. There was some controversy over the reforms. Tribal leaders opposed them as they reduced their influence, and there was fear of increased influence in Palestinians through the IAF through the increasing through still unequal representation of urban areas. In 2015 internal divisions erupted within the Muslim Brotherhood, tacitly encouraged by the government.
|
|
The curator of this exhibition, Wu Hung, intended to provide a platform for experimental Chinese art to take place. However, it appears that women's innovative artistic expressions were still being excluded and didn't gain as many recognition as male Chinese artists have had. The issue of unequal representation among male and female Chinese artists did receive some attention from the public. As a result, curators and artists have made a joint effort to devote certain exhibition and publications solely for female artists.
|
|
In June 2011 it emerged that female staff at the Equalities Office received 7.7% more pay than males on average. The information came to light following a Freedom of Information request by MP Dominic Raab. The enquiry also revealed that almost two thirds of the department's 107 staff were female. Raab criticised the department for double standards, stating "It undermines the credibility of the equality and diversity agenda, if bureaucrats at the government equalities office are preaching about unequal representation and the pay gap, whilst practising reverse".
|
|
The primary goal of WID was to include women into existing development initiatives, since it was argued that women were marginalized and excluded from the benefits of development. In so doing, the WID approach pointed out that the major problem to women's unequal representation and participation were male biased and patriarchal development policies. In short, the WID approach blamed patriarchy, which did not consider women's productive and reproductive work. In fact, women were tied to domestic work hence were almost invisible in development programs.
|
|
Ambler, Sectionalism ... , Some West Virginia anti-slavery sentiment was politically based, due to slaveholders using the institution to gain unequal representation in the General Assembly and tax advantages. In 1831, after Nat Turner's slave rebellion, the General Assembly of 1831–32 was challenged to find solutions to the growing problems of slavery. Some proposed immediate emancipation, some gradual emancipation and deportation, while others preferred the status quo. Thomas Jefferson Randolph proposed a gradual emancipation, and George W. Summers of Kanawha County proposed funding the project from the sale of public lands, but the General Assembly adjourned without taking any action.
|
|
Gender pay gap in India refers to the difference in earnings between women and men in the paid employment and labor market. For the year 2013, the gender pay gap in India was estimated to be 24.81%. Further, while analyzing the level of female participation in the economy, this report slots India as one of the bottom 10 countries on its list. Thus, in addition to unequal pay, there is also unequal representation, because while women constitute almost half the Indian population (about 48% of the total), their representation in the work force amounts to only about one-fourth of the total.
|
|
"Electoral Engineering" Assuming that low turnout is a reflection of disenchantment or indifference, a poll with very low turnout may not be an accurate reflection of the will of the people. On the other hand, if low turnout is a reflection of contentment of voters about likely winners or parties, then low turnout is as legitimate as high turnout, as long as the right to vote exists. Still, low turnouts can lead to unequal representation among various parts of the population. In developed countries, non-voters tend to be concentrated in particular demographic and socioeconomic groups, especially the young and the poor.
|
|
Confounding factors are important to consider in clinical trials Stratified random sampling is useful and productive in situations requiring different weightings on specific strata. In this way, the researchers can manipulate the selection mechanisms from each strata to amplify or minimize the desired characteristics in the survey result. Stratified randomization is helpful when researchers intend to seek for associations between two or more strata, as simple random sampling causes a larger chance of unequal representation of target groups. It is also useful when the researchers wish to eliminate confounders in observational studies as stratified random sampling allows the adjustments of covariances and the p-values for more accurate results.
|
|
These kingdoms were defined as "the viceroyalties of New Spain (Mexico), Peru, New Granada, and Buenos Aires, and the independent captaincies general of the island of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Chile, Province of Venezuela, and the Philippines."Royal Order of the Central Junta of January 22, 1809, cited in Rodríguez, Independence of Spanish America, 60. This plan was criticized for providing unequal representation to Spanish America; nevertheless, throughout the end of 1808 and early 1809, the regional capitals elected candidates, whose names were forwarded to the capitals of the viceroyalties or captaincies general. Several important and large cities were left without direct representation in the Supreme Junta.
|
|
Moore helped fellow artist Betsy Damon and President of the WCA Annie Shaver- Crandell organize a June 14, 1984 protest against the unequal representation of women and minorities in the New York Museum of Modern Art's exhibition An International Survey of Recent Painting and Sculpture. For the event, Moore built and painted a small wooden replica of the museum entitled Model MoMA. Marchers wrote their names on slips of paper and placed them inside the model in order to show their symbolic inclusion in the museum. Though there was no official name of the protest, it is known as the Women Artists Visibility Event (W.A.V.E.).
|
|
"Provincial challenge puts size of aerotropolis in doubt," Citizens at City Hall, June 25, 2008, Online ArticleMacLean, Dan. "Aerotropolis land need questioned by province," Citizens at City Hall, April 30, 2008, Online Article though that plan was abandoned in favour of a study of all ward boundaries following the election.MacLean, Dan. "Unequal representation for six more years," Citizens at City Hall, November 4, 2008, Online Article Bill 212, passed by the Ontario Legislature moved municipal elections from the first Monday in November to the fourth Monday in October, shortening the campaign period by two weeks and moving close of nominations to September 10, 2010.
|
|
Interviews conducted with the commission members led us to believe that the majority of them were not even aware of the obligatory nature of the meetings which ought to be held in the penitentiary institutions. That is why specific dates are to be reflected in the commission action plans. Characteristically, only one commission (in Zhovtnevy district) offered specific dates and time for the planned meetings. I believe that dissemination of this practice could be instrumental in making OC operation more focused. The issue of unequal representation of public and state authorities within the commissions is a problem common for all the OC. The majority of the OC has 1-2 more “official” members than the members of general public.
|
|
The American Constitution has built into it a series of compromises between rep- by-pop and rep-by-area: two Senators per state, at least one representative per state, and representation in the electoral college. In Canada, provinces such as Prince Edward Island have unequal representation in Parliament (in the Commons as well as the Senate) relative to Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta, partly for historical reasons, partly because those electoral allotments are constitutionally guaranteed, and partly because governments have simply chosen to under-represent certain voters and over-represent others. In the United States, Baker v. Carr (1962) established the "one- person/one vote" standard, that each individual had to be weighted equally in legislative apportionment.
|
|
George Washington and Benjamin Franklin had backed the change of direction of the convention, but, Martin said, we should not "suffer our eyes to be so far dazzled by the splendor of names, as to run blindfolded into what may be our destruction." In an address to the Maryland House of Delegates in November 1787 and in numerous newspaper articles, Martin attacked the proposed new form of government and continued to fight ratification of the Constitution through 1788. He lamented the ascension of the national government over the states and condemned what he saw as unequal representation in Congress. He owned six slaves of his own but opposed including slaves in determining representation (most slave owners supported counting slaves for the purposes of determining representation - as this would increase the power of Slave States) and believed that the absence of a jury in the U.S. Supreme Court gravely endangered freedom.
|
|