The codex contains the complete text of the four Gospels. The text is written in one column per page, in 26-27 lines per page. The titles are written in semi-uncials or uncials, and mostly in red (faded). Zeta formed like the rounded number 3.
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The text is written in 8 lines and 18 letters per line. Caspar René Gregory classified manuscripts of New Testament into four groups: Papyri, Uncials, Minuscules, and Lectionaries. Talisman included into Uncials, it received number 0152. Eberhard Nestle distinguished new group – Talismans, and to this group included Uncial 0152.
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Caspar René Gregory included it into uncials, but Ernst von Dobschütz included it into Ostraca. Dobschütz enumerated 25 ostraca of the New Testament. This opinion was supported by other scholars, and in result Uncial 0153 was deleted from the list of the New Testament uncials, and remained empty place in the list.
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They have breathings and accents. It is an ornamented codex, with full marginalia, as well illuminations such as pictures and golden ornaments. It is written in well rounded uncials, Letters are in general an imitation of those used before the introduction of compressed uncials. The letters are compressed only at the end of line.
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Although minuscule letters are found throughout the majority of the text, there are variant examples that were used on higher grade letters, such as capitals, uncials, and half-uncials, that are occasionally embedded within the text to emphasize certain points, such as indicating punctuation marks to emphasize pauses.Brown 1996, p. 53. Based on the palaeographical evidence in this codex, it is inferred that only a single scribe was involved in the writing of the original Anglo-Saxon text.Brown 1996, p. 65.
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It represents a part of lectionary 963 (ℓ 963), and should be classified among the lectionaries than the uncials. The codex currently is located at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Copt. 129,10), at Paris.
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The uncial letters are small, not beautiful and slanting. The letters are characterized by Slavonic uncials. The writing is similar to that of Codex Cyprius. It has breathings and accents, diaeresis, there is no interrogative sign.
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The text of the Codex agrees generally with the Byzantine text-type in close relationship to the Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus. The Rossano Gospels, along with the manuscripts N, O, and Φ, belong to the group of the Purple Uncials (or purple codices). Aland placed all four manuscripts of the group (the Purple Uncials) in Category V. In Matthew 1:11 it has the additional reading τον Ιωακιμ, Ιωακιμ δε εγεννησεν (Joakim, Joakim begot) — M U Θ f1 33 258 478 661 954 1216 1230 1354 1604 Lectionary 54 syrh geo.UBS3, p. 2.
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The document was written by an unknown copyist. The measurements of the fragment are 235 by 215 mm. The text is written in a large, heavy, formal uncial hand. The handwriting is similar to the biblical great uncials.
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Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.
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The codex contains the complete text of the four Gospels. Written carefully in small minuscule letters. There is mixture of minuscule and uncial characters. Uncials usually in the beginning of words, and almost never in the medial position.
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It received no. 1. This opinion was supported by other scholars, f.e. Kurt Aland, and in result Uncial 0152 (or Talisman 1) was deleted from the list of New Testament uncials, and now we have empty place in position 152 of the list.
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Conder (1900), p. 77 In the mosaic layout of the Madaba Map of the 6th century CE (ca. 565 CE), the site is mentioned in conjoined Greek uncials: Το[ποθεσία] του Αγίου Ζαχαρίου, Βεθζαχαρ[ίου] (= [The] site of St. Zacharias, Beth Zachar[ias]).Donner (1995), s.v.
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The codex contains the complete text of the four Gospels on 352 paper leaves (29.0 by 21.8 cm), with marginal commentaries (approx. 47 lines). The text is written in one column per page, in 21 and more lines per page. Titles of are written in semi-uncials.
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The codex sometimes uses minuscule letters: α, κ, ρ (of the same size as uncials). It does not use Spiritus asper, Spiritus lenis or accents. The Latin text is written in minuscule letters. The shape of Latin letters: r, s, t is characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon alphabet.
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The codex originally contained the entire Pauline epistles. The leaves were arranged in quarto (four leaves in quire). Only 41 leaves () of the codex have survived. The text is written on parchment in large, square uncials (over 1.5 cm), in one column per page, and 16 lines per page.
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The subscription of Lupus is written in uncials, and also has alternating lines of red and black ink. The text contains additional punctuation and annotations in a 10th-century Beneventuan hand. There are 240 folios of 355 by 275 mm. The folios are generally gathered into quires of eight folios each.
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Family K1 is a small group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It has five uncials, and several early minuscules. It is one of the smallest subfamilies of the Byzantine text-type, but one of the oldest.
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Headpieces ornamented with geometric and foliate decoration, titles are written in uncials in colours (folios 1, 65, 105, 174). Decorated initial letters in red.Harleian 5538 at the British Library The manuscript was decorated by two artists. The first artist decorated folio 1, a second artist decorated folios 65, 105 and 174 (see image).
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Page from Codex Sinaiticus with text of Matthew 6:4–32 Alexandrinus – Table of κεφάλαια (table of contents) to the Gospel of Mark The great uncial codices or four great uncials are the only remaining uncial codices that contain (or originally contained) the entire text of the Greek Bible (Old and New Testament).
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"The uncials being of a peculiar kind, leaning a little to the right; they hold a sort of middle place between square and oblong characters.... The breathings and accents are primâ manu, and pretty correct..."F. H. A. Scrivener, A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, Cambridge 1861, London 1894.
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The codex contains lessons from the Gospels of John, Matthew, Luke lectionary (Evangelistarium) with numerous lacunae. It is written in Greek uncial letters, on 259 parchment leaves (), in two columns per page, 18 lines per page. The uncials are leaning a little to the left. Passages and directions are written in later minuscule hand.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery, Sinai in May 1975, during restoration work.Another discovered uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 2).
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery, Sinai in May 1975, during restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 29a).
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery, Sinai in May 1975, during restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 15a).
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery, Sinai in May 1975, during restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 29).
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A different type of uncials, derived from the Chancery hand and seen in two papyrus examples of the Festal letters despatched annually by the Patriarch of Alexandria, was occasionally used, the best known example being the Codex Marchalianus (6th or 7th century). A combination of this hand with the other type is also known.
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It is written in uncials with silver ink on calfskin vellum dyed a rich purple. This shade of purple dye was also used to dye imperial cloth. The initial iota and upsilon have the diaeresis.Bruce M. Metzger, Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1981, Plate 8, p. 92.
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B. H. Streeter, The Four Gospels. A Study of Origins the Manuscripts Tradition, Sources, Authorship, & Dates, MacMillan and Co Limited, Oxford 1924. It is grouped with N, O, Σ, and Uncial 080 to constitute the Purple Uncials. Aland categorized the first four into Category V, and it is certain that they are more Byzantine than anything else.
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Uncial 0279 is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery in Sinai in May 1975, during restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the Saint Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 15).
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L. Richards, The Classification of the Greek Manuscripts of the Johannine Epistles, SBL Dissertation Series, 1977, p. 141. although in the Pauline epistles it includes Western readings and the value of the text is somewhat less than the Codex Sinaiticus. Unfortunately the manuscript is not complete. Aland notes: "B is by far the most significant of the uncials".
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The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Kurt Aland did not place it in any Category. Parts of this manuscript were formerly numbered as uncials 0129 and 0203 . When was discovered that they belonged to the same manuscript as ℓ 1575, it was shown they were parts of the same lectionary.
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Herman C. Hoskier, A Full Account and Collation of the Greek Cursive Codex Evangelium 604, London, 1890. The manuscript was examined by Clark and William Hatch, who gave facsimile of one page of the codex.Hatch, Uncials, LVI The manuscript is not cited in the critical editions of the Greek New Testament (UBS3).The Greek New Testament, ed.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during the restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 99) in Sinai.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during the restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 1) in Sinai.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during the restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 2-4) in Sinai.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during the restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 16) in Sinai.
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The text, written on vellum, is a version of the old Latin. The manuscript contains the text of the four Gospels on 134 parchment leaves (29 ½ × 22 ½ cm). It is written in two columns, in Irish semi-uncials. It has been in the St Gall library since at least the 10th century, when it is recorded in the earliest catalogue.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 47) in Sinai.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during the restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 70) in Sinai.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during the restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 72) in Sinai.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during the restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 97) in Sinai.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during the restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 98) in Sinai.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during the restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 48) in Sinai.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during the restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 48, 53, 55) in Sinai.
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This Carolingian Gospel Book is written in a fine Carolingian minuscule. British Library, Add MS 11848 is an illuminated Carolingian Latin Gospel Book produced at Tours. It contains the Vulgate translation of the four Gospels written on vellum in Carolingian minuscule with Square and Rustic Capitals and Uncials as display scripts. The manuscript has 219 extant folios which measure approximately 330 by 230 mm.
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Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus, designated by N or 022 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 19 (Soden), is a 6th-century Greek New Testament codex gospel book. Written in majuscules (capital letters), on 231 parchment leaves, measuring 32 x 27 cm. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 6th century. Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus, along with the manuscripts Φ, O, and Σ, belongs to the group of the Purple Uncials.
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It is one of the manuscripts discovered in the Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during the restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0296. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 16, 27, 30, 42, 43, 47, 49) in Sinai.
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One page presents the name of King Edgar, with blue wash and gold border. The king's name, presented as 'Eadgar rex', is written in square capitals, with the remainder of the page written in uncials. The facing page contains a large chi-rho (also referred to as a chrismon) decorated in green and gold, and also framed in gold. The text of the page is written entirely in square capitals.
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In their place, there are purple and indigo rectangular panels with borders on which are quotations from the Book of Psalms written in uncials with white ink. The panel for the Gospel of Matthew has Psalm 67, verses 27 and 29 and Psalm 31 verses 1 and 2. The panel for the Gospel of Mark has Psalm 33 verses 12-15. Luke's panel has Psalm 33, verses 9 and 10.
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The difficulty would be lightened, and the perplexing termination of Kolarbasou at the same time removed, by reading tês Kolarbas ek Sigês, "the Colarba (Voice of Four) proceeding out of Sigé (Silence)." In round continuous uncials the change would be easy, EK and OY having much resemblance when written. The two names would thus stand in the right relation to each other. The phrase however would still be briefer than we should expect.
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Der Nersessian, 53 Mashtots (MS No. 2027) was commissioned in 1266 by bishop Vartan of Hromkla, copied by Avetis who had previously collaborated with Roslin in 1262 at Sis and illustrated by Roslin at Hromkla. The Sebastia Gospel of 1262 (MS No. 539) is located in Baltimore's Walters Art Museum. It was copied for the priest Toros, nephew of Catholicos Constantine I. Written in uncials it is the most lavishly decorated among the signed works of Roslin.
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It is made up of 307 leaves written in Carolingian minuscule with uncials and incipits. It measures 34 cm by 27 cm. It was produced by an Italian copyist and illuminator, probably at Regensburg, since it includes a calendar with the usage of Fulda Abbey and mass formularies used in the diocese of Regensburg. Due to the archaic style of its first pages, it was once misattributed to saint Gregory, for example by Angelo Rocca in 1593.
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Job and his daughters from folio 4v of Biblioteca Vittorio Emanuele III, MS I B 18. Naples, Biblioteca Vittorio Emanuele III, MS I B 18 is a fragment of 5th century manuscript of the Old Testament written in uncials in the Sahidic dialect of the Coptic language. The manuscript has only 8 surviving folios and includes the text from Job 40:8 to Proverbs 3:19. On folio 4 verso there is a large pen drawing illustrating Job and his daughters.
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It contains a text of the four Gospels, on 93 parchment leaves (27 by 21 cm), with some lacunae. The text is written in two columns per page, 23-27 lines per page. It is a palimpsest, the upper text was written in a minuscule hand, it is a Lectionary 1684. In result the manuscript has two texts of the New Testament, and it is classified on two different lists: on the list of uncials and on the list of lectionaries.
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Chaumeil also has letters by de Chérisey, which contain proof that De Chérisey was knowingly engaging in a fraud. That Philippe de Chérisey was not a specialist of Latin paleography and had even a bit lost his Latin knowledge (got from high school) is demonstrated in his copying of the Latin Text from the Codex Bezae for one of his parchments: for instance, he made several of the most basic errors in copying the Latin uncials, which therefore garbles the spelling of multiple words.
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Amongst the earliest surviving manuscripts, the position is reversed. There are six manuscripts earlier than the 9th century which conform to the Byzantine text-type; of which the 5th century Codex Alexandrinus (the oldest), is Byzantine only in the Gospels with the rest of the New Testament being Alexandrian. By comparison, the Alexandrian text-type is witnessed by nine surviving uncials earlier than the ninth century (including the Codex Alexandrinus outside the Gospels); and is also usually considered to be demonstrated in three earlier papyri.
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Although modern capitals are based on Renaissance capitals, which were based on Roman capitals, the Romans used them for inscriptions, rather than writing on papyrus or wax tablets. Rolfe himself wrote that his text is based upon a manuscript written either in rustic capitals or uncials, with a provenance dating from 884 AD, the "Fulda Codex". This evidence supports the position that Rolfe, telegeniously, but incorrectly attempted to guess at Suetonius' meaning. For the last 98 years, Rolfe's error has been perpetuated in every republication of his text.
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Other designated sites include: Nicopolis (); Beth Zachar[ias] (); Bethlehem (); Socho (), now Kh. Shuweikah (southwest of Hebron); Beth Annaba (); Saphitha (); Jericho (); Modi'im (); Lydda (); Bethoron (); Gibeon (); Rama (); Coreae ();Where is now the "Old Roman Bridge" (Arabic: Mukatta' Damieh), near the confluence of the watercourse Naḥal Yabok, not far from Wadi Fara'a, and which once marked the entry into Judea when one passes over the midland countries. Maresha ();. This particular entry has inscribed in Greek uncials: "Morasthi, whence was Micah the prophet." The text is said to have been borrowed from Eusebius' Onomasticon.
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Gaelic type (sometimes called Irish character, Irish type, or Gaelic script) is a family of Insular script typefaces devised for printing Classical Gaelic. It was widely used from the 16th until the mid-18th century (Scotland) or the mid-20th century (Ireland) but is now rarely used. Sometimes, all Gaelic typefaces are called Celtic or uncial although most Gaelic types are not uncials. The "Anglo-Saxon" types of the 17th century are included in this category because both the Anglo-Saxon types and the Gaelic/Irish types derive from the insular manuscript hand.
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The codex contains the Vulgate version of the four Gospels, the canon tables of Eusebius of Caesarea, the letter of Jerome to Pope Damasus (Novum opus), the prologue of St. Jerome to the Gospels (Plures fuisse), and prologues and chapter lists for each of the Gospels. The text is written on vellum in two columns in uncial script with no division between words. The running titles are in small uncials while the incipits and explicits are in capitals. The incipits and explicits are written in alternating lines of red and black ink.
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The manuscript contains the gospels of Matt 25:15 — Mark 5:20. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 6th century. The text is written in two columns per page, 25 lines per page. At the time Caspar René Gregory originally allocated numbers to manuscripts, it was not known with certainty that uncials 064, 074 and 090 were from the one manuscript, because they are held in three locations: : codex 064 in Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (Petrov 17), Kiev : codex 074 in Saint Catherine's Monastery (Harris 10) : codex 090 in National Library of Russia, Saint Petersburg (Gr. 276).
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Greek uncials In 1937, Benjamin Mazar revealed at Beit She'arim a system of tombs belonging to the Jews of Ḥimyar (now southern Yemen) dating back to the 3rd century CE.H.Z. Hirschberg, Yisrā’ēl ba-‘Arāb, Tel Aviv 1946, pp. 53–57, 148, 283–284 (Hebrew). The strength of ties between Yemenite Jewry and the Land of Israel can be learnt, of course, by the system of tombs at Beit She'arim dating back to the 3rd century. It is of great significance that Jews from Ḥimyar were being buried in what was then considered a prestigious place, near the tombs of the Sanhedrin.
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Lachmann was the first major editor to break from the Textus Receptus, seeking to restore the most ancient reading current in manuscripts of the Alexandrian text-type, using the agreement of the Western authorities (Old Latin and Greek Western Uncials) as the main proof of antiquity of a reading where the oldest Alexandrian authorities differ. Lachmann's edition of Lucretius (1850), which was the principal occupation of his life from 1845, is perhaps his greatest achievement of scholarship. He demonstrated how the three main manuscripts all derived from one archetype, containing 302 pages of 26 lines to a page.
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February pp. 74-75 Alfred Rahlfs noted that codex E of the Septuagint was also written partly in uncials and partly in minuscules, in the ninth or tenth century when the change from one style of writing to the other was taking place.A. Rahlfs, Nachrichten von der Kgl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Philol: histor. Klasse, 1898, Heft 1, p. 98 The codex was held at Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt and was found by Constantin von Tischendorf in 1853, who took away only the uncial text (Luke-John) — along with Codex Tischendorfianus IV — and brought it to the Bodleian Library in Oxford, where it is now located.
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It is shown in Tregelles' facsimile, the oblong omicrons creep at the end of lines 2 and 4. Samuel Prideaux Tregelles found that the "letters are in general an imitation of those used before the introduction of compressed uncials; but they do not belong to the age when full and round writing was customary or natural, so that the stiffness and want of ease is manifest". The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons.
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Tomb of Himyarite, in Greek uncials In 1937, Benjamin Mazar revealed at Beit She'arim a system of tombs belonging to the Jews of Himyar (now Yemen) dating back to the 3rd century CE.H. Z. Hirschberg, Yisrā’ēl ba-‘Arāb, Tel Aviv 1946, pp. 53–57, 148, 283–284 (Hebrew). The strength of ties between Yemenite Jewry and the Land of Israel can be learnt by the system of tombs at Beit She'arim dating back to the 3rd century. It is of great significance that Jews from Ḥimyar were being brought for interment in what was then considered a prestigious place, near the catacombs of the Sanhedrin.
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Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (Paris, National Library of France, Greek 9; Gregory-Aland no. C or 04, von Soden δ 3) is a fifth-century Greek manuscript of the Bible, sometimes referred to as one of the four great uncials (see Codices Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus and Vaticanus). The manuscript is not intact: in its current condition, Codex C contains material from every New Testament book except 2 Thessalonians and 2 John; however, only six books of the Greek Old Testament are represented. It is not known whether 2 Thessalonians and 2 John were excluded on purpose, or whether no fragment of either epistle happened to survive.
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The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Kx. Aland placed it in Category V. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 it belongs to the textual cluster 475. In Luke 19-20 it has very good text, very close to the codex Sangallensis, and other old Uncials. It has some rare readings in Matthew 1:20; 27:33; Mark 10:17; 15:7; Luke 1:34; 14:12.22.27; 15:7; 16:2; 18:6.39; 19:2.46; 20:3.4.12.24.25.28.31.38.47; 21:22.27; 22:17.46.47.56.68; 23:27.38.
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In addition to his major work, his Novum Testamentum Graece (a text edition of the Greek New Testament), Scholz was also known for his efforts in Bible translation, in which he continued the work begun by Dominikus von Brentano and Anton Dereser. Scholz's work in textual criticism was particularly appreciated by the British. He was able to add to the list of Greek manuscripts of the New Testament 616 new minuscule manuscripts. His additions to the list of uncials comprise only Codex Sangallensis (Δ) and three fragments of the Gospels 0115 (formerly Wa), 054 (his Y), and the Vatican portion of N022 (his Γ). These manuscripts were partially examined and collated by him.
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Ernst von Dobschütz, Zwei Bibelhandschriften mit doppelter Schriftart, Theologische Literaturzeitung, 1899, Nr. 3, 4. Febr. pp. 74-75 After the death of textual critic Caspar René Gregory, Dobschütz became his successor, and in 1933 he expanded the list of New Testament manuscripts, increasing the number of papyri from 19 to 48, the number of uncials from 169 to 208, the number of minuscules from 2326 to 2401, and the number of lectionaries from 1565 to 1609.Kurt Aland, and Barbara Aland, "The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism", transl. Erroll F. Rhodes, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, p. 74.
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The codex is one of only two known purple minuscules (minuscule 1143 is the other) written with gold ink.R. Waltz, Minuscule 565 (GA) at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism (2007) It contains the text of the four Gospels on 405 purple parchment leaves (17.6 by 19.2 cm) lacunae (Matthew 20:18-26, 21:45-22:9, Luke 10:36-11:2, 18:25-37, 20:24-26, John 11:26-48, 13:2-23, 17:1-12). The text is written in one column per page, 17 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose number are given at the margin, and the (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages (in silver uncials).
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The Codex (Littera Florentina) Page The parchment codex called Littera Florentina is the closest survivor to an official version of the Digest of Roman law promulgated by Justinian I in 530-533\. The codex, of 907 leaves, is written in the Byzantine-Ravenna uncials characteristic of Constantinople, but which has recently been recognized in legal and literary texts produced in Alexandria and the Levant as well. E.A. Lowe refers to this script as "b-r uncial". Close scrutiny dates the manuscript between the official issuance in 533 and the issuance of 557 that included Justinian's recent enactments, the Novellae Constitutiones, "New Constitutions", making it an all-but contemporary and all-but official source.
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Thirty- eight vellum leaves from the Gospel of John have been incorporated into the manuscript in the late 14th or early 15th century in Vaspurakan. The priest Hovhannes who salvaged the remains of the old manuscript reports in one of the colophons that he had suffered seeing the old manuscript fall into the hands of the "infidels" like "a lamb delivered to wolves" and that he renovated it so that the "royal memorial written in it might not be lost". Part of the original colophons, the "royal memorial" reports that the manuscript was written in the see of Hromkla in 1266 for the king Hethum. The uncials are identical to that of MS 539 and similar marginal ornaments adorn both.
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It contains the text of the four Gospels), 233 paper leaves (39.8 x 26.4). The few first leaves of Matthew and the last leaf of John, and some others in the middle of the codex, were supplied by a later hand. The text is written in two columns per page, 31-33 lines per page. Coptic chapters are written in uncials while the Ammonian Sections and Eusebian Canons are in black cursive letters.George Horner, The Coptic Version of the New Testament in the Northern Dialect, otherwise called Memphitic and Bohairic, (1898), pages LXVII-LXVIII It lacks texts of Luke 22:43-44; 23:17; and the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11); but contains texts of Luke 23:34, and John 5:3.4.
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It has also occasional scholia in uncials at the margin, with some critical notes. Before Gospel of Luke stands a subscription to the Gospel of Mark. It has Jerusalem colophon at the end of each Gospel. At the en of Matthew we read: : Gospel according to Matthew: written and corrected from the ancient manuscripts in Jerusalem: those kept in the holy mountain: in 2514 lines and 355 chapters At the end of Mark: : Gospel according to Mark: written and corrected likewise from the carefully prepared ones in 1506 lines, 237 chapters At the end of Luke: : Gospel according to Luke: written and corrected likewise in 2677 lines, 342 chapters At the end of John: : Gospel according to John: written and corrected likewise from the same copies in 2210 lines, 232 chapters.
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Der Nersessian, 55 Yet another manuscript attributed to Roslin and his assistants is MS 32.18 currently located at the Freer Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. The colophons are lost but the name of the sponsor, Prince Vassak (brother of king Hethum I) is written on the marginal medallion on page 52: "Lord bless the baron Vassak" and again on the upper band of the frame around the Raising of Lazarus: "Lord have mercy on Vassak, Thy servant, the owner of this, Thy holy Gospel". The uncials and the ornaments match those of MS 539 and MS 5458.Der Nersessian, 55-56 Prince Vassak was sent to Cairo by his brother in 1268 to pay ransom and obtain the release of prince Levon and thousands of other hostages captured after the disastrous Battle of Mari. They returned home on June 24, 1268.
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Epistulae ad Familiares, 14th-century manuscript, British Library Epistulae ad Familiares (Letters to Friends) is a collection of letters between Roman politician and orator Marcus Tullius Cicero and various public and private figures. The letters in this collection, together with Cicero's other letters, are considered the most reliable sources of information for the period leading up to the fall of the Roman Republic. Traditionally spanning 16 books, and featuring letters from 62 to 43 BCE, the collection was likely first published by Cicero's freedman and personal secretary Marcus Tullius Tiro sometime after Cicero's death in 43 BCE. A number of manuscript copies of this collection have reached modern times. The earliest witness to the text is a palimpsest on a single leaf, written in uncials of the fifth or sixth century (CLA IV.443; it contains portions of letters 6.9 and 6.10.
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The codex contains a small parts of the Gospel of Matthew 26:2-4,7-9, on a fragment of one parchment leaf (36 cm by 28 cm). It is written in one column per page, 17 lines per page, in very large uncial letters. The letters are large, it has breathings. From the same manuscript descendant one parchment leaf classified as Uncial 092a. It contains Gospel of Matthew 26:4-7,10-12. It is located at the Saint Catherine's Monastery (Sinai Harris 11, 1 f.) in Sinai. 089 and 092a are fragments of the same leaf. Also Uncial 0293 (2 leaves) formerly belonged to the same manuscript. It was discovered in May 1975 during restoration work.Together with other uncials: 12 leaves from Codex Sinaiticus, 0278, 0279, 0280, 0281, 0282, 0283, 0284, 0285, 0286, 0287, 0288, 0289, 0290, 0291, 0292, 0293, 0294, 0295, 0296.
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The prevailing type of book-hand during what in papyrology is called the Byzantine period, that is, roughly from AD 300 to 650, is known as the biblical hand. It went back to at least the end of the 2nd century and had had originally no special connection with Christian literature. In manuscripts, whether vellum or paper, of the 4th century found in Egypt are met other forms of script, particularly a sloping, rather inelegant hand derived from the literary hand of the 3rd century, which persisted to at least the 5th century; but the three great early codices of the Bible are all written in uncials of the biblical type. In the Vaticanus, placed in the 4th century, the characteristics of the hand are least strongly marked; the letters have the forms characteristic of the type but without the heavy appearance of later manuscripts, and the general impression is one of greater roundness.
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Among the more famous Evangeliaria may be mentioned the following: the portion of an Evangeliarium from Sinope (6th century: in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris); the Syrian codices of Rabbula (586, at Florence) and Etschmiadzin (miniatures of the 6th century); the Evangeliarium of Gregory I (at Cambridge) in Latin uncials; the Irish-Continental Evangeliaria of St. Gall (about 800); the Carolingian Evangeliarium of Godescalc (about 782, in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris); the Ada Codex (9th century, at Trier); the Evangeliaria of Echternach (10th century, at Gotha), and of the Abbess Uta (about 1002, at Munich). Valuable Evangeliaria were carefully treasured, and when used in the offices were placed on a strip of cloth or on a cushion. The back leaf of the binding was usually left plain, but the front cover was enriched with all the skill of the goldsmith. One of the most ancient bindings or covers known is that offered by the Lombard Queen Theodelinda (600) to the cathedral of Monza.
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